高中人民版历史知识点总结(High school people's edition of history required 2 knowledge summary)

高中人民版历史必修2知识点总结（High school people's edition of history required 2 knowledge summary）(1) agricultural economy in ancient ChinaI. Changes of major farming methods in ancient China1, the original agricultural production: "slash-and-burn cultivation" and "fire farming"2, seven thousand or eight thousand years ago: Chinese agriculture has entered "plow farming" or "stone hoe" era3, the spring and Autumn Period: plow cattle farming, the formation of traditional farming methods China ancient agriculture.Han Dynasty cattle farming gradually spread throughout the country. The Eastern Han Dynasty there was a Wanli coupling instead of cattle plow, this cultivation way for cattle farming popularization.Two, to understand the basic characteristics of agricultural economy in ancient ChinaThe mode of agricultural management dominated by small farmers' individual operation is the basic characteristic of agricultural economy in ancient china.Three. General situation of water conservancy construction in ancient China1, Xia, Shang and Zhou: farmland irrigation and water conservancy has developed greatly.2, the spring and autumn and Warring States: Dujiangyan governor Li Bingxiu Guoshu Qin during the Warring States period, Zheng Guo Qin Guoxiu's Zheng Guoqu in the water.Dujiang Dam3, Qin: Lingqu4, the Han Dynasty: the Western Han Dynasty emperor pro Life Wenwubaiguan back to the Yellow River site soil, the Eastern Han Dynasty Wang Jingzhi the Yellow River was basically lifted to the Yellow River.5, Suiti: the opening of the Grande Canale, is the world's oldest and longest canal.6, the Tang Dynasty: the professional management of water conservancy construction of local officials, a lot of water conservancy project, also created a new irrigation tool for cars.(two) the development of handicraft industry in ancient ChinaTo understand the main achievements of the handicraft industry in ancient China in the textile, porcelain and porcelain industries:I. major achievements in the textile industry:(1) order of the use of raw materials: Ma Ge cotton.(2) Silk Road: opening up in Han dynasty. Silk is exported to Rome as the center of the Mediterranean region.(3) the private textile workshops in the Tang Dynasty rose, and the government owned textile industry also had a large scale. The amount of folk textiles levied by the government was considerable.Two. Major achievements of metallurgical industry:Bronze casting process characteristics in Shang and Zhou Dynasties: wide distribution, large scale, high level. The Warring States period to Han Dynasty iron, iron smelting began to use coal as fuel, air supply form has also undergone a revolutionary change.Three, the main achievements of the porcelain industry:(1) pottery first and then porcelain(2): A, produced pottery, painted pottery in primitive timesb development: Shandong Longshan Culture -- C, unique technology, eggshell pottery pottery, ceramic D transition period: the mid to late Eastern Han dynasty.(3): A, the Tang Dynasty celadon porcelain - revealed roughly nine during the opening, won the peak attendants to B, the lateTang Changsha tongguanyao first painting process. C, the Qing Dynasty porcelain technology invention, Kangxi period, peak period of Yong Zheng(three) commercial development in ancient ChinaUnderstanding of the formation and development of the city and its characteristics: gradually breaking the restrictions of time and space, although strictly restricted by the government, but still quite prosperous(1) the management of the Qin Dynasty "city" has a clear legal provisions.(2) in the Han Dynasty, there was a special management organization in the city of centralized trade(3) Six Dynasties, the emergence of the "market"(4) the "market" effect is very significant, the night market is prosperous(5) the Song Dynasty "city" broke through the original space and time restrictions(6) the commercial areas in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are quite prosperous.(four) "the basic meaning and effect of restraining commerce" and "boycott" policy(1) "restraining" policy implications: emphasizing the development of agriculture, commerce and handicraft industry development limited;Shang Yang's political reform began during the Warring States period.Objective: to safeguard the economic base of autocratic state power.Effect: "restraining" policy is conducive to the protection of national security, to maintain political stability, to consolidate the status of the monarch, but the implementation of this policy in the social economy activity is repressed, and the new economic factors and production mode of budding, also failed to get normal development, which is an important reason for the slow development of capitalism the China.(2) basic meaning of "Prohibition" policy: the Ming and Qing Dynasty banned Chinese overseas business and restrictions on foreign businessmen to Chinese trade policy.Effect: "Haijin" kill the possibility of foreign trade policy progress, not only hinder the overseas market development, restrain capital primitive accumulation, hinder the growth of capitalism, the Chinese lost the use of international trade advantage to open up overseas markets and stimulate the expansion of capital, promote the industrialization of the opportunity; and make Chinese isolation, thereby blocking advanced science China technology of Western learning, the Chinese behind the world trend.Topic two the twists and turns of capitalism in modern China 1. the natural economy began to disintegrate:(1) process: after the Opium War, the United Kingdom as a capitalist country, to step up commodity exports, the decline of China's hand made cotton texti。