英语动词不定式大全

英语动词不定式大全

动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中起的是名词。形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语。宾语。定语。状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",但to有时要省去。动词不定式在具体运用时,用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法:

一。带to的不定式结构

1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come 等。

2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如:

Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。

二。不带to的不定式结构

以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:

1.在固定词组had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如:

You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。

It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。

2.在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:

I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。

I didn't see you come in.我没看见你进来。

3.在引导疑问句的why not之后。

"Why not+不带to的不定式"是Why don't you do…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。例如:

Why not go with us。为什么不和我们一起去呢。

Why not take a holiday。=Why don't you take a holiday。为什么不休

个假呢。

三。动词不定式作主语

不定式结构作主语时,现代英语倾向于采用it作形式主语,而把不定式结构后置的形式。参见本期本面《"小鬼it"它当家》中it作形式主语的用法。

四。动词不定式作定语

不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。例如:

I have nothing to say on this question.对这个问题我无可奉告。

五。动词不定式作宾语

有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)。如果其中的宾语是不定式短语,则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上,而将不定式短语(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之前。例如:

I find it useful to learn English well.我发现学好英语很有用。

We thought it wrong not to tell her.我们认为不告诉她是错误的。

六。动词不定式作宾语补足语

动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点,学习时要注意以下三种情况:

1.作动词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to不可以省略。例如:

He asked me to talk about English study.他请我谈谈英语学习。

2.作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to要省略。例如:

The teacher made him say the word like this.老师让他像这样说这个单词。

3.作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to可以带,也可以不带。例如:

Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box。你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗。

七。动词不定式作状语

动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中用作状语。

1.放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。例如: He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。

2.跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面。例如:

I'm sorry to hear that.听到这事我感到很难过。

3.用在too... to...结构中。例如:

He is too young to understand all that.他太年轻了,不能理解这件事

有些动词后面跟to do和动词-ing形式所表达的意思不同。这类动词有：remember，forget，regret, try，mean，go on, stop等。如：

I told him of the matter again，for I forgot having met him after the accident.

Don‘t forget to lock the doo r. It is not safe enough here.

① try to do “努力做某事” try doing “尝试做某事”

He tried to work out the problem.

He tried working out the problem in another way.

② mean to do “打算做某事” mean doing “意味着”

What! Did you mean to leave by train?

Missing the train means waiting for an hour.

③ regret to do 因没做某事而遗憾，抱歉 regret doing 因做过某事而遗憾，后悔

I regret to say I can‘t help you.

I regret saying such silly words.

④ go on to do 继续另外一件事 go on doing 继续同一件事

⑤stop to do 停下去做另外一件事 stop doing停下正在做的事

⑥ prefer

I prefer reading to going shopping on weekends.

I would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive.

⑦ allow, advise, forbid, permit

Sorry, we don’t allow smoking in the lecture room.