浅析文学作品中同化与异化的联系及区别

AbstractSince the 1970s, strategic options of domestication and foreignization in the translation have gone through widespread debates and discussions in the world translation field. In the recent years' practice, the adjustments of foreignizing and domesticating the text in translation predicate the occurrence of hybridization, which has caught people's great attention. Both domestication and foreignization have their advantages. The translator should appropriately apply the respective merits of the two translation strategies in translation practice so as to promote the target reader to understand the related foreign culture.This thesis makes a contrastive study on the sentences involving cultural elements in three great works which translated in hybridization strategy and further discusses the close relation between domestication and foreignization, to ensure the possibility of the overwhelming tendency of hybridization in the near future. This study, of some degree, benefits to better comprehension of domestication and foreignization in an all-round way, and brings about a better understanding of the use of hybridization in literary translation. Also, this study will exert certain theoretical and practical significance to the translation between English and Chinese and the cross-cultural communication between English and Chinese people.Key words: translation strategies; hybridization; domestication; foreignization.摘要从20世纪70年代，翻译中如何选择翻译策略渐成为翻译界广泛争论和探讨的问题。

在翻译的反复实践中，归化和异化相互融合，没有界限，杂合化现象渐渐普遍出现，引起了各大翻译学者的关注。

归化和异化各有千秋，在翻译实践中应该合理协调合作，发挥各自优点，促进目标读者对异国文化的理解。

本论文通过分析研究《浮生六记》，《飘》以及《名利场》等文学译本中具有突出杂合化翻译特色的句子，肯定了归异结合的翻译方式，及归化、异化、杂合化三者相辅相成的原则。

同时从例和分析中也发现了杂合化趋势的必然性。

本研究有助于全面认识归化和异化，有助于英汉民族语言文化交流，对英汉语翻译和英汉跨文化交际具有一定的理论意义和实践意义。

关键词:翻译策略；杂合化；归化；异化ContentsAbstract in English (i)Abstract in Chinese (ii)1. Introduction........................................................................................... - 1 -2.Analysis of Vanity Fair............................................................................. - 4 -2.1Brief Introduction of the Work......................................................... - 4 -2.2Application of Domestication and Foreignization in Vanity Fair ........ - 5 -2.2.1Analysis from Material Culture ................................................ - 5 -2.2.2 Analysis from Cultural Implication ......................................... - 6 -2.2.3 Analysis from Religious Culture.............................................. - 7 -2.2.4 Analysis from Social Culture................................................... - 8 -2.2.5 Analysis from Ecological Culture ............................................ - 9 -3.Analysis of Gone with the Wind.............................................................. - 11 -3.1Brief Introduction of the Work........................................................ - 11 -3.2 Application of Domestication and Foreignization in Gone with the Wind......................................................................................................... - 12 -3.2.1Analysis from Purpose of Translation..................................... - 12 -3.2.2Analysis from Text Type....................................................... - 13 -3.2.3Analysis from Reception of Reader ....................................... - 15 -3.2.4Analysis from Translation Intention....................................... - 16 -4. Analysis of Six Chapters of Floating Life ................................................. - 18 -4.1Brief Introduction of the Work....................................................... - 18 -4.2Some Examples of the Use of Hybridization ................................... - 19 -5. Conclusion .......................................................................................... - 20 - Acknowledgements ................................................................................. - 21 - Works Cited ............................................................................................ - 21 -1. IntroductionSeeing from the previous researches of translation, Nida had ever said:As yet there is no theory of translation in the technical senseof ‘a coherent set of general propositions used asprinciples to explain a class of phenomena,’ but there arequite a few ‘theories’in the broad sense of ‘a set ofprinciples which are helpful in understanding the nature oftranslating or in establishing criteria for evaluating atranslated text.’ In general, however, these principles arestated in terms of how to produce an acceptable translation.(The Theory and Practice of Translation, 114) In recent years, the core of the attempts in translation strategies has been brought into focus on two prominent strategic options that whether domestication or foreignization is much more suitable in the translation of culture, especially in literary translation. Seeing through the practice in decades of years, we may safely find that the sole application of either of them, sometimes can not transfer the exact meaning of the origin text. Whereas, the combined part of the two ways used in translation miraculously interpret the resource language much better. And in the translation field, we call this kind of strategy hybridization - a brand new method discovered by Bhabha in the late1980s, twentieth century.Domestication, to be specific, takes the source language as the guidance, and, to a certain extent, retains the foreign and strange elements of the original text; foreignization, on the other hand, takes the goal language as the guidance, and makes every effort to provide the target reader with an easy interpretation of the original text. In the West, domestication has always occupied a dominant position, which can be traced back to the 17th century. Nida is an initiator of domestication, who takes the communicative function of translation seriously, and proposes “functional equivalence”. American Italian scholar Venuti believes that the translation purpose is not to eliminate the linguistic and cultural differences between countries, but to manifest and retain them. In China, professor Sun zhili showed his prospective in his work Chinas Literary Translation: from Domestication to Foreignization “In the21st century, China literary translation changes from domestication to foreignization and foreignization will be in the dominant position.”(Sun 43)In the West and the East, when translation develops up to a certain scale, disputes on domestication and foreignization appear. Contradiction and non-reconcilability between the two strategies is stressed, but mutual transformation and compatibility of domestication and foreignization is paid slight attention to. Hybridization, the common place of the two strategies, first appeared as a translation method in Venuti’s famous work The Scandals of Translation. It skillfully avoids application extremes and joints the advantages together to reach a bettertranslated result.Putting hybridization in translating area is a brand new branch of research in translation area. No one can deny that it is a new angle which is more advanced than the old viewpoints of the traditional translation theories. It is a kind of cultural phenomenon relevant to the conversion both on language and in-depth social culture. In translation practice, domestication and foreignization are in fact not mutually exclusive but mutually supplementary. In accordance with the situation, hybridization can be sure to help us go through much deeper in the exact meaning of the original text. Meanwhile, it will cast light upon some mistakes on cognition in the process of translating. This study is, to some degree, beneficial to the complete comprehension of domestication and foreignization, and gives out a better understanding of the translation of cultural elements in the literary works I cited in the body part. Also, this study will exert certain theoretical and practical significance to the cross-cultural communication between English and Chinese people as well as the approach of how to combine domestication, foreignization and hybridization together. This thesis will truly make some contribution to the further development of translation.In the paper, it is divided into several parts. Apart from the introduction at the very beginning, I have taken the translations of three famous works as examples. In chapter one, a contrastive study on the translation of cultural elements in Thackeray’s novel Vanity Fair translated by Yang Bi is discussed according to the factors, such as the translation goal, text type, target readers orother factors, which may restrict or affect the translator’s choice of translation strategies. And I analyze the differences in three versions of the translation works of Gone with the Wind from four perspectives in chapter 2. Then, the translation strategies used by Lin Yutang’s Six Chapters of a Floating Life is quoted to prove the possibility of the coexistence of the two translation strategies. At the end of this thesis, I also make a brief summary of the whole paper.2.Analysis of Vanity FairIn translation practice, we can discover that domestication and foreignization are in fact not mutually exclusive but mutually supplementary translation strategies. A translator shall not overall copy the source language or culture in a translated text, but shall make reasonable adjustments so as to meet the need of the target reader. Whatever translation strategy a translator adopts, the translated text which serves the translation purpose and satisfies the target reader is a successful one.One of the reasons why Yang Bi’s translated edition Vanity Fair enjoys the popularity is that she skillfully utilizes domestication and foreignization and correctly grasps the fusion level of the two translating strategies though it can be clearly seen that her translated book is concentrated on domestication.2.1Brief Introduction of the WorkVanity Fair: A Novel Without a Hero, satirizing Britain society in the early nineteenth century, is the masterpiece of William Makepeace Thackeray, a British critic realism novelist, first published in 1847–1848. The title of this book comes from John Bunyan's allegorical story The Pilgrim’s Progress, which was firstly published in 1678 and still widely read at Thackeray's time. Vanity Fair refers to a stop along the pilgrim’s progress: a never-ending fair held in a town called Vanity, which is meant to represent man’s sinful attachment to worldly things. In the eyes of people, Vanity Fair is regarded as a literary treasure, and also it has inspired several film adaptations. There is no hero in this novel for the story is not surrounded one hero and the figures in the book have no heroic characteristics but plain persons. And the subtitle ‘A Novel Without a Hero’ is the original title of the book. (Yang bi, Vanity Fair)2.2Application of Domestication and Foreignization in Vanity FairYang's translated version of Vanity Fair is an excellent work. In the process of dealing with the translation, indeed, she paid some attention to foreignization to retain the strangeness and exotic features in the source text. However, her use of domestication is more prominent, especially on suchaspects, first, using some local words, "godfather" to "干爹", "godson" to "干儿子"; second, she destructed the sentences in the original one and eliminated some ideas for brevity and fluency of the translated version which may contribute to the lack of meaning to some extent. (艳萍. 从文化角度论必《名利场》译本中归化和异化的融合). But this translated work attains great acceptability among the translators and readers in that it is properly adjusted between the two translating methods, and through the work, we can get knowledge of how hybridization is used for translating.Nida holds an idea that there are five kinds of culture: material culture, social culture, religious culture, language culture and ecological culture. Because of the different geographical, historical, political, economical and religious environments, some unique cultural elements are definitely created in countries. (Nida, Language, Culture and Translating) The contrastive study of domestication and foreignization in Vanity Fair will focus on cultural elements in the original and translated books in the five aspects.2.2.1Analysis from Material CultureWithout any doubts, material culture is related with food, clothes, instruments, housing and some other daily needs, etc. Differences of the material crated and used among countries are inevitable because of different societysituation, culture, climate, religion. For these reasons, unique words representing the objects are coined.Example 1 “……Roman-nosed head (on the top of which figured a large and solemn turban)”“她的鼻子是罗马式的，头上还包着一大块缠头布，看上去着实令人敬畏……”“Roman-nosed”is an adjective word referring to a kind of nose that is salient straight near the top part, which is typical in Romans. So it is translated into “罗马式的”. “chuantoubu”(缠头布) is kind of scarf only popularly used by the Chinese traditional housewife to around her head.Example 2 “‘No more has a certain person for holy water,’ his lordship replied with a bow and a grin and a great jarring laugh afterwards.”“勋爵嬉皮扯脸的对她一鞠躬，回答道：“犹之乎魔鬼不喜欢圣水。