常用临床医学术语
常用临床医学术语中英对照
常用临床医学术语中英对照临床医学是研究疾病的病因、诊断、治疗和预后，提高临床治疗水平，促进人体健康的科学。
接下来小编为大家整理常用临床医学术语中英对照，希望对你有帮助哦!diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病rehabilitation 康复relapse 复发sudden death 猝死moribund 濒死的course of the disease 病程course of the treatment 疗程indication 适应症，指征complication 并发症contraindication 禁忌症side-effect 副作用sequel (sequela), after effect 后遗症advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病communicable diseases 传染病complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases 先天性疾病acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病endemic diseases 地方病epidemic diseases 流行病functional diseases 机能病、官能病infectious diseases 传染病inherited diseases 遗传病malignant diseases恶性病nutritional diseases 营养病occupation diseases 职业病organic diseases 器质性病paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病periodical diseases 周期病primary(principal)diseases原发(主导)病secondary diseases 继发病sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病terminal diseases 绝症wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主诉clinical manifestation 临床表现delivery history 分娩史etiology病因学family history 家族史history, medical history 病史precipitating(induced)诱因marital status婚姻状况menstrual history 月经史menarche 初潮menopause闭经past history既往史pathogenesis 发病机制personal history 个人史symptoms 症状cardinal symptom 主要症状classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状indirect symptom 间接症状induced symptom 诱发症状local symptom 局部症状mental symptom精神症状symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症，症候群signs体征antecedent 前驱征assident (accessory) 副征commemorative 后遗症sign of death 死征diagnostic诊断征sign of disease 病征subjective 自觉征，主观征vein sign静脉征vital sign 生命体征body length (height of the body) 身高body weight 体重barrel chest 桶状胸cachexia 恶病质compulsive position 被动体位critical facies 病危面容emaciation 消瘦enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻exophthalmos 眼球突出flushed face 面色潮红gain (loss) in weight 增加(减轻)体重lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动nystagmus 眼震obesity 肥胖pallor 苍白scolisis 脊柱侧凸agitation 焦急不安debility, weakness 虚弱diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗dizziness, vertigo 眩晕lassitude, fatigue 无力，倦怠malaise 不适night sweat 盗汗numbness 麻木rigor, chill 寒冷，发冷perspiration, sweating 出汗pruritus, itching 痒，somasthenia 躯体无力tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿acidosis 酸中毒adhesion 粘连alkalosis 碱中毒allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良congestion 充血dehydration 脱水distention 膨胀edema 水肿embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱gangrene 坏疽hematoma 血肿hemorrhage, bleeding 出血infarction 梗塞，梗死infection 传染inflammation 炎症ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒metastasis 转移perforation 穿孔necrosis 坏死shock 休克response 反应，应答reaction 反应，感应thrombosis 血栓形成ulceration 溃疡fever, pyrexia 发烧，发热continuous fever 稽留热intermittent fever 间歇热low-grade fever 低热remittent fever 驰张热relapsing fever 回归热pain 痛burning pain 灼痛chest(flank,…) pain 胸(胁腹…)痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 绞痛cardiac angina 心绞痛backache 背痛colic 绞痛，急腹痛earache 耳痛headache 头痛neuralgia 神经痛migraine 偏头痛rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat 咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum 带血的痰cough 咳嗽dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰expectoration of blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息asthma 气喘，哮喘Cheyne Stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全，呼吸浅表hypoxia 低氧，缺氧orthopnea 端坐呼吸respiratory arrest 呼吸停止suffocation 窒息tachypnea 呼吸急促fetid breath 口臭fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiac arrest 心搏骤停cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大cyanosis 发绀，青紫distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张extrasystole 期外收缩gallop rhythm 奔马律hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia (循环)血容量减少palpitation 心悸tachycardia 心动过速pneumothorax 气胸thrill 震颤absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失dull sound 浊音hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食dysphagia 吞咽困难eructation 嗳气belching 嗳气flatulence 气胀flatus 肠胃气，屁gaseous distention 胃胀气hematemesis 呕血hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆nausea 恶心pyrosis 胃灼热regurgitation 反胃，回流thirsty 口渴vomiting 呕吐anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂ascites 腹水board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘，瘘管hemorrhoid 痔hernia 疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大intussusception 肠套叠jaundice 黄疸muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫peristalsis 蠕动loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失mass peristalsis 总蠕动retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕动prolapse 脱垂prolapse of anus 脱肛rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂，脱肛volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石，石biliary calculus 胆结石vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation 便秘defecation 排便diarrhea 腹泻incontinence of feces 大便失禁hematochezia 便血fecal impaction 大便嵌塞occult blood 潜血painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动clay colored stools 陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪，吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools 便少而硬tarry (black) stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿frequency of urination 尿频micturation 排尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿oliguria 少尿polyuria 多尿tenesmus 里急后重vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruia 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿proteinuria 蛋白尿pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭，无月经dysmenorrhea 痛经menorrhagia 月经过多lochia 恶露menorrhea 行经，月经过多menstruation 月经uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点bruise 挫伤，青肿acne 痤疮，粉刺desquamation 脱皮，脱屑ecchymosis 瘀斑loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈nevus 痣papule 丘疹petechia 瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation 色素沉着pustule 脓疱purpura 紫癫red nodule 红结节roseola 玫瑰疹scar 伤疤senile plaque 老人斑spider anaioma 蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节urticaria 荨麻疹vesicle 小水疱vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊impaired vision 视力下降lacrimation 流泪papilledema 视神经乳头水肿photophobia 畏光，羞明retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋hearing loss 听力丧失tinnitus 耳鸣epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding 齿龈出血herpes labialis 唇疱疹，感冒疮Koplik's spots 科普利克斑lead line of the gum 龈铅线salivation, drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩contracture 挛缩deformity 畸形，变形dislocation 脱位fracture 骨折closed (simple)fracture 无创骨折，单纯性骨折comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折compound fracture 哆开(开放性)骨折knock-knee 膝外翻opisthotonos 角弓反张prosthesis 假体spasm 痉挛tetany (肌)强直，手足抽搦wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语ataxia 共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness 知觉，意识convulsion 抽搐，惊厥delirium 谵妄delusion 妄想faint 昏厥hallucination 幻觉hemiplegia 偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高insanity 精神错乱loss of orientation 定向丧失mania 躁狂memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症paraplegia 截瘫，下身麻痹projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡，嗜睡stupor 木僵，昏呆tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪unconsciousness 失去知觉yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……) crisis脑(热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…)危象failure 衰竭，故障central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure中枢(循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…)衰竭diagnosis诊断auscultation 听诊inspection 视诊palpation触诊percussion 叩诊laboratory examination 实验室检查physical examination 体格检查rectal (vaginal) touch 直肠(阴道)指诊impression 印象tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断final diagnosis 最后诊断prognosis 预后prescription 处方incubation (latent) period 潜伏期prodromal stage 前驱期incipient stage 初期quiescent stage 静止期alleviation 减轻，缓和remission 缓解attack 发作convalescence (recovery) stage 恢复期therapies 治疗方法acupuncture therapy 针刺疗法block therapy 封闭疗法chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化学疗法combined therapy 综合疗法conservative therapy 保守疗法constitutional therapy 全身疗法dietetic therapy 饮食疗法operative treatment 手术疗法palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息疗法physical therapy 物理疗法psychotherapy 精神疗法radical treatment 根治radio-therapy 放射性疗法supporting treatment 支持疗法symptomatic treatment对症疗法cardiac massage 心脏按摩cardiac pacing 心脏起博electrotherapy 电疗法electroshock treatment 电休克疗法hemodialysis 血液透析hyperbaric therapy 高压氧疗法insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素休克疗法light therapy 光疗法therapeutic gymnastics 医疗体育。
常用临床医学术语
常用临床医学术语diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病communicable diseases 传染病complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases 先天性疾病acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病endemic diseases 地方病epidemic diseases 流行病functional diseases 机能病、官能病infectious diseases 传染病inherited diseases 遗传病malignant diseases恶性病nutritional diseases 营养病occupation diseases 职业病organic diseases 器质性病paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病periodical diseases 周期病primary(principal)diseases原发（主导）病secondary diseases 继发病sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病terminal diseases 绝症wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主诉clinical manifestation 临床表现delivery history 分娩史etiology病因学family history 家族史history, medical history 病史precipitating(induced)诱因marital status婚姻状况menstrual history 月经史menarche 初潮menopause闭经past history既往史pathogenesis 发病机制personal history 个人史symptoms 症状cardinal symptom 主要症状classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状indirect symptom 间接症状induced symptom 诱发症状local symptom 局部症状mental symptom精神症状symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症，症候群signs体征antecedent 前驱征assident (accessory) 副征commemorative 后遗症sign of death 死征diagnostic诊断征sign of disease 病征subjective 自觉征，主观征vein sign静脉征vital sign 生命体征body length (height of the body) 身高body weight 体重barrel chest 桶状胸cachexia 恶病质compulsive position 被动体位critical facies 病危面容emaciation 消瘦enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻exophthalmos 眼球突出flushed face 面色潮红gain (loss) in weight 增加（减轻）体重lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动nystagmus 眼震obesity 肥胖pallor 苍白scolisis 脊柱侧凸agitation 焦急不安debility, weakness 虚弱diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗dizziness, vertigo 眩晕lassitude, fatigue 无力，倦怠malaise 不适night sweat 盗汗numbness 麻木rigor, chill 寒冷，发冷perspiration, sweating 出汗pruritus, itching 痒，somasthenia 躯体无力tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿acidosis 酸中毒adhesion 粘连alkalosis 碱中毒allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良congestion 充血dehydration 脱水distention 膨胀edema 水肿embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱gangrene 坏疽hematoma 血肿hemorrhage, bleeding 出血infarction 梗塞，梗死infection 传染inflammation 炎症ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒metastasis 转移perforation 穿孔necrosis 坏死shock 休克response 反应，应答reaction 反应，感应thrombosis 血栓形成ulceration 溃疡fever, pyrexia 发烧，发热continuous fever 稽留热intermittent fever 间歇热low-grade fever 低热remittent fever 驰张热relapsing fever 回归热pain 痛burning pain 灼痛chest(flank,…) pain 胸（胁腹…）痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）angina 绞痛cardiac angina 心绞痛backache 背痛colic 绞痛，急腹痛earache 耳痛headache 头痛neuralgia 神经痛migraine 偏头痛rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat 咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum 带血的痰cough 咳嗽dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰expectoration of blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息asthma 气喘，哮喘Cheyne Stokes respiration 切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全，呼吸浅表hypoxia 低氧，缺氧orthopnea 端坐呼吸respiratory arrest 呼吸停止suffocation 窒息tachypnea 呼吸急促fetid breath 口臭fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiac arrest 心搏骤停cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大cyanosis 发绀，青紫distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张extrasystole 期外收缩gallop rhythm 奔马律hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia （循环）血容量减少palpitation 心悸tachycardia 心动过速pneumothorax 气胸thrill 震颤absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失dull sound 浊音hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食dysphagia 吞咽困难eructation 嗳气belching 嗳气flatulence 气胀flatus 肠胃气，屁gaseous distention 胃胀气hematemesis 呕血hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆nausea 恶心pyrosis 胃灼热regurgitation 反胃，回流thirsty 口渴vomiting 呕吐anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂ascites 腹水board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘，瘘管hemorrhoid 痔hernia 疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大intussusception 肠套叠jaundice 黄疸muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫peristalsis 蠕动loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失mass peristalsis 总蠕动retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕动prolapse 脱垂prolapse of anus 脱肛rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂，脱肛volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石，石biliary calculus 胆结石vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation 便秘defecation 排便diarrhea 腹泻incontinence of feces 大便失禁hematochezia 便血fecal impaction 大便嵌塞occult blood 潜血painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动clay colored stools 陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪，吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools 便少而硬tarry (black) stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿frequency of urination 尿频micturation 排尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿oliguria 少尿polyuria 多尿tenesmus 里急后重vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruia 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿proteinuria 蛋白尿pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭，无月经dysmenorrhea 痛经menorrhagia 月经过多lochia 恶露menorrhea 行经，月经过多menstruation 月经uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点bruise 挫伤，青肿acne 痤疮，粉刺desquamation 脱皮，脱屑ecchymosis 瘀斑loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈nevus 痣papule 丘疹petechia 瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation 色素沉着pustule 脓疱purpura 紫癫red nodule 红结节roseola 玫瑰疹scar 伤疤senile plaque 老人斑spider anaioma 蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节urticaria 荨麻疹vesicle 小水疱vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊impaired vision 视力下降lacrimation 流泪papilledema 视神经乳头水肿photophobia 畏光，羞明retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋hearing loss 听力丧失tinnitus 耳鸣epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding 齿龈出血herpes labialis 唇疱疹，感冒疮Koplik’s spots 科普利克斑lead line of the gum 龈铅线salivation, drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩contracture 挛缩deformity 畸形，变形dislocation 脱位fracture 骨折closed (simple)fracture 无创骨折，单纯性骨折comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折compound fracture 哆开（开放性）骨折knock-knee 膝外翻opisthotonos 角弓反张prosthesis 假体spasm 痉挛tetany (肌)强直，手足抽搦wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语ataxia 共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness 知觉，意识convulsion 抽搐，惊厥delirium 谵妄delusion 妄想faint 昏厥hallucination 幻觉hemiplegia 偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高insanity 精神错乱loss of orientation 定向丧失mania 躁狂memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症paraplegia 截瘫，下身麻痹projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡，嗜睡stupor 木僵，昏呆tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪unconsciousness 失去知觉yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ...) crisis脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…）危象failure 衰竭，故障central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…）衰竭diagnosis诊断auscultation 听诊inspection 视诊palpation触诊percussion 叩诊laboratory examination 实验室检查physical examination 体格检查rectal (vaginal) touch 直肠（阴道）指诊impression 印象tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断final diagnosis 最后诊断prognosis 预后prescription 处方incubation (latent) period 潜伏期prodromal stage 前驱期incipient stage 初期quiescent stage 静止期alleviation 减轻，缓和remission 缓解attack 发作convalescence (recovery) stage 恢复期rehabilitation 康复relapse 复发sudden death 猝死moribund 濒死的course of the disease 病程course of the treatment 疗程indication 适应症，指征complication 并发症contraindication 禁忌症side-effect 副作用sequel (sequela), after effect 后遗症therapies 治疗方法acupuncture therapy 针刺疗法block therapy 封闭疗法chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化学疗法combined therapy 综合疗法conservative therapy 保守疗法constitutional therapy 全身疗法dietetic therapy 饮食疗法operative treatment 手术疗法palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息疗法physical therapy 物理疗法psychotherapy 精神疗法radical treatment 根治radio-therapy 放射性疗法supporting treatment 支持疗法symptomatic treatment对症疗法cardiac massage 心脏按摩cardiac pacing 心脏起博electrotherapy 电疗法electroshock treatment 电休克疗法hemodialysis 血液透析hyperbaric therapy 高压氧疗法insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素休克疗法light therapy 光疗法therapeutic gymnastics 医疗体育。
医疗行业专业术语知识
医疗行业专业术语知识医疗行业是一个充满专业术语的行业，不同的疾病、症状、药物、治疗等等都需要用到相应的专业术语。
熟悉医疗行业专业术语对于从事医疗工作的人，尤其是医疗人员来说至关重要。
以下将介绍医疗行业中一些常见的专业术语。
1. 诊断：在医疗行业中，诊断是指对患者的病情进行判断和确定的过程。
医生通过观察病人的各种症状，进行病史记录、体格检查及必要的实验室和影像学检查得出的结论。
2. 治疗：治疗是指用药物、手术、物理治疗等方法，对病人进行医学干预，以促进其康复与健康。
3. 病历：病历是对患者疾病过程的详细记录，包括病史、检查、诊断和治疗全过程，是医生观察病情进行诊断和治疗的宝贵参考资料。
4. 临床试验：临床试验是指通过合理设计的研究方案，对新的医学方法、药物及医疗器械等进行严密评估的一个过程。
5. 检查：检查是指通过技术手段来鉴定病情的过程，比如常见的X光、CT、MRI等常用于医学诊断。
6. 手术：手术是指通过一系列行动，改变身体结构或修复器官功能的医疗过程。
7. 急救：急救是指对患者在意外、危急情况下迅速进行医学干预的过程，以最大限度地减轻其伤害。
8. 药物：药物是指治疗疾病或缓解症状的化学物质，能够影响生物体的生理功能。
9. 显微镜：显微镜用于放大微小的组织与细胞等细微结构，从而在医学上进行病理诊断。
10. 会诊：会诊是指通过多个医生或多个专业领域的专家组成的医疗团队进行对患者病情的讨论，以制定最佳的治疗方案。
11. 症状：症状是指与疾病有关的各种体征和感受，包括疼痛、发热、寒战、咳嗽等等。
12. 普通病房：普通病房是指一般的医疗病房，主要用于普通病人的收治、治疗和护理。
13. ICU病房：ICU病房是指重症监护病房，主要用于危重病人的收治、治疗和护理。
14. 门诊：门诊是指医院提供的非住院式的医疗服务，包括医生的诊治、检查和治疗等。
15. 住院：住院是指患者因疾病需要在医院收治和观察，接受治疗和护理的过程。
常用临床医学英文术语
常用临床医学英文术语diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病/ˈkrɔnik / communicable diseases 传染病/ kəˈmju:nɪkəbəl / complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases 先天性疾病/kənˈdʒenɪtl/ acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病/ kənˈteidʒəs / endemic diseases 地方病/enˈdemɪk /epidemic diseases 流行病/ˌepiˈdemik / functional diseases 机能病、官能病infectious diseases 传染病/inˈfekʃəs / inherited diseases 遗传病/ɪnˈherɪtɪd /malignant diseases恶性病/ məˈliɡnənt /nutritional diseases 营养病/nju:ˈtrɪʃɵnəl /occupation diseases 职业病/ˌɔkjuˈpeiʃən /organic diseases 器质性病/ɔ:ˈɡænik /paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病/ˌpærəkˈsizməl / periodical diseases 周期病/ˌpiəriˈɔdikəl /primary(principal)diseases原发（主导）病/ˈprinsəpəl / secondary diseases 继发病sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病/viˈniəriəl / terminal diseases 绝症wasting diseases 消耗性疾病clinical manifestation 临床表现/ˌmænəfeˈsteɪʃən / delivery history 分娩史etiology病因学/ˌi:tiˈɔlədʒi/family history 家族史medical history 病史precipitating(induced)诱因/priˈsipiteitiŋ /marital status婚姻状况/ˈmæritl /menstrual history 月经史/ˈmenstru:əl /menarche 初潮/miˈnɑ:ki /menopause闭经、女性更年期/ˈmenəˌpɔ:z/past history既往史pathogenesis 发病机制/ˌpæθəˈdʒenisis /personal history 个人史symptoms 症状/ˈsimptəm /cardinal symptom 主要症状/ˈkɑ:dinl /classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状/ kənˈkɔmɪtənt /constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状/ˌkɔnstɪˈtu:ʃənəl / indirect symptom 间接症状/ˈsimptəm /induced symptom 诱发症状/ i nˈdjust /local symptom 局部症状mental symptom精神症状/ˈmentl /symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症\症候群ˈsindrəum signs体征antecedent 前驱征/ˌæntɪˈsi:dnt /assident (accessory) 副征/əˈsidənt /commemorative 后遗症/ kəˈmemərətɪv /sign of death 死征diagnostic诊断征/ˌdaiəɡˈnɔstik/sign of disease 病征subjective 自觉征，主观征vein sign静脉征vital sign 生命体征/ˈvaitəl /body length (height of the body) 身高body weight 体重barrel chest 桶状胸cachexia 恶病质/ kəˈkeksiə /compulsive position 被动(强迫)体位/ kəmˈpʌlsɪv / critical facies 病危面容/ˈfeiʃiˌi:z /emaciation 消瘦/ɪˌmeɪʃɪˈeɪʃən /enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻/enˈtrəupiɔn /exophthalmos 眼球突出/ˌeksɔfˈθælmɔs /flushed face 面色潮红gain (loss) in weight 增加（减轻）体重lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸/ lɔ:ˈdəusis /nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动/ˈneɪzəl ,ˈeilə / nystagmus 眼震/nisˈtæɡməs /obesity 肥胖/əʊˈbi:sɪti: /pallor 苍白/ˈpælə /scoliosis 脊柱侧凸/ˌskɔliˈəusis /agitation 焦急不安/ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃən /debility, weakness 虚弱/ dɪˈbɪlɪti: /diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗/ˈdaiəfəˈri:sis / dizziness, vertigo 眩晕/ˈdɪzɪnɪs ,ˈvɜ:tɪˌgəʊ]/ lassitude, fatigue 无力，倦怠/ˈlæsɪˌtu:d , fəˈti:ɡ/ malaise 不适/mæˈleɪz/night sweat 盗汗numbness 麻木/ˈnʌmnɪs/rigor, chill 寒冷，发冷/ˈrɪgə /perspiration, sweating 出汗/ˌpɜ:spəˈreɪʃən / pruritus, itching 瘙痒症，/ pruəˈraitəs / somasthenia 躯体无力/ˌsəumæsˈθi:niə/tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿/ˈæbˌses /acidosis 酸中毒/ˌæsiˈdəusis /adhesion 粘连/ædˈhi:ʒən /alkalosis 碱中毒/ˌælkəˈləusis /allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良/ kəuˌæɡjuˈleiʃən /congestion 充血/ kənˈdʒestʃən /dehydration 脱水/ˌdi:haɪˈdreɪʃən /distention 膨胀/disˈtenʃən /edema 水肿/i(:)ˈdi:mə /embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成/ˈembəlizəm /fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱/ɪˈlektrəˌlaɪt / gangrene 坏疽/ˈgæŋˌgri:n /hematoma 血肿/ˌhi:məˈtəumə /hemorrhage, bleeding 出血/ˈhemərɪdʒ /infarction 梗塞，梗死/inˈfɑ:kʃən /infection 传染inflammation 炎症/ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən / ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒/ki:təuˌæsiˈdəusis / metastasis 转移/ məˈtæstəsis / perforation 穿孔/ˌpɜ:fəˈreɪʃən /necrosis 坏死/neˈkrəusis /shock 休克response 反应，应答reaction 反应，感应thrombosis 血栓形成/θrɔmˈbəusis/ ulceration 溃疡/ˌʌlsəˈreiʃən /fever, pyrexia 发烧，发热/,paiˈreksiə / continuous fever 稽留热intermittent fever 间歇热/ˌɪntəˈmitənt / low-grade fever 低热remittent fever 驰张热/ rɪˈmɪtnt /relapsing fever 回归热,复发burning pain 灼痛chest(flank,…) pain 胸（侧腹…）痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛/diˈfju:zd /pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛/ˌpluəˈritik/radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）angina 绞痛/ænˈdʒainə /cardiac angina 心绞痛/ˈkɑːdiæk /backache 背痛colic 绞痛，急腹痛earache 耳痛/ˈiəreik /headache 头痛neuralgia 神经痛/ njuəˈrældʒə /migraine 偏头痛/ˈmaɪˌgreɪn /rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat 咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum 带血的痰/ˈspju:təm]/cough 咳嗽dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰/eksˌpektəˈreiʃən /expectoration of blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧/hiˈmɔptisis ,æˈnɔksiə / apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息/æpˈni:ə /asthma 气喘，哮喘/ˈæsmə /Cheyne Stokes respiration 切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难/disˈpni:ə /hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全，呼吸浅表/ haɪˈpɔpni:ə / hypoxia 低氧，缺氧/haiˈpɔksiə /orthopnea 端坐呼吸/ɔ:ˈθɔpnjə /respiratory arrest 呼吸停止/ˈrespərəˌtɔ:ri: / suffocation 窒息/ˌsʌfəˈkeiʃən /tachypnea 呼吸急促/ˌtækipˈni:ə /fetid breath 口臭fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐/əˈriðmiə / atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全/ˌætiˈlektəsis / cardiac arrest 心搏骤停/ˈkɑːdiæk /cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大/haiˈpə:trəfi / cyanosis 发绀，青紫/ˌsaiəˈnəusis /distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张/ˈdʒʌɡjulə / extrasystole 期外收缩/ˌekstrəˈsistəli /gallop rhythm 奔马律/ˈɡæləp ,ˈriðəm /hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia （循环）血容量减少/ haipəuvəˈli:miə /palpitation 心悸/pælpiˈteiʃ(ə)n /tachycardia 心动过速/ˌtækiˈkɑ:diə /pneumothorax 气胸/ˌnju:məuˈθɔ:ræks /thrill 震颤absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失dull sound 浊音hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食dysphagia 吞咽困难/disˈfeidʒiə /eructation 嗳气/ i:rʌkˈteiʃən /flatulence 气胀/ˈflætʃələns /flatus 肠胃气，屁/ˈfleitəs /gaseous distention 胃胀气/ˈɡæsiəs /hematemesis 呕血/ hi:məˈtemisis /hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆nausea 恶心/ nɔziə /pyrosis 胃灼热/paiˈrəusis /regurgitation 反胃，回流/ri:ˌɡə:dʒiˈteiʃən /thirsty 口渴vomiting 呕吐anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂/ˈeinəl / ascites 腹水/əˈsaɪtiz /board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱/ˈtæktəl /exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘，瘘管/ˈfistjulə /hemorrhoid 痔/ˈheməˌrɔɪd /hernia 疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大/ˌhepətəuˈmeɡəli /intussusception 肠套叠/ intəsəˈsepʃən /jaundice 黄疸/ˈdʒɔndɪs /muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫peristalsis 蠕动/ˌperiˈstælsis /loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失mass peristalsis 总蠕动retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕动prolapse 脱垂/ˈprəulæps /prolapse of anus 脱肛rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂，脱肛/ˈrekt(ə)l /volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石/ˈkælkjələs /biliary calculus 胆结石/ˈbiljəri /vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation 便秘/ˈvesikəl / defecation 排便/ˌdefiˈkeiʃən /diarrhea 腹泻/ daɪəˈri:ə /incontinence of feces 大便失禁/ˈfi:si:z / hematochezia 便血/ˌhemətəˈki:ziə /fecal impaction 大便嵌塞occult blood 潜血painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动clay colored stools 陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪，吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools 便少而硬tarry (black) stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿/ enjuəˈri:sis / frequency of urination 尿频/ˈjuəriˈneiʃən / micturiation排尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿/ nɔkˈtjuəriə /oliguria 少尿/ˌɔliˈɡjuəriə /polyuria 多尿/ˌpɔliˈjuəriə /tenesmus 里急后重/ təˈnezməs /vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruia 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿proteinuria 蛋白尿pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭，无月经dysmenorrhea 痛经menorrhagia 月经过多lochia 恶露menorrhea 行经，月经过多menstruation 月经/ˌmenstru:ˈeɪʃən /uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点/ˈju:tərain / bruise 挫伤，青肿acne 痤疮，粉刺desquamation 脱皮，脱屑/ˌdeskwəˈmeiʃən / ecchymosis 瘀斑/ekiˈməusis /loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈/ˈtə:ɡə / nevus 痣/ ni:vəs /papule 丘疹/ pæpjul /petechia 瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation 色素沉着pustule 脓疱purpura 紫癫red nodule 红结节roseola 玫瑰疹scar 伤疤senile plaque 老人斑spider anaioma 蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节urticaria 荨麻疹/ˌə:təˈkɛəriə /vesicle 小水疱/ˈvesikl /vitiligo 白斑/ˌvitiˈlaiɡəu /blindness 失明blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊impaired vision 视力下降lacrimation 流泪papilledema 视神经乳头水肿photophobia 畏光，羞明retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋hearing loss 听力丧失tinnitus 耳鸣/tiˈnaitəs /epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding 齿龈出血herpes labialis 唇疱疹，感冒疮Koplik's spots 科普利克斑lead line of the gum 龈铅线salivation, drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩contracture 挛缩deformity 畸形，变形dislocation 脱位fracture 骨折closed (simple)fracture 无创骨折，单纯性骨折comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折compound fracture 哆开（开放性）骨折knock-knee 膝外翻opisthotonos 角弓反张prosthesis 假体spasm 痉挛tetany (肌)强直，手足抽搦wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语ataxia 共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness 知觉，意识/ˈkɔnʃəsnɪs / convulsion 抽搐，惊厥/ kənˈvʌlʃən /delusion 妄想faint 昏厥hallucination 幻觉hemiplegia 偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高/ˌintrəˈkreiniəl / insanity 精神错乱/ɪnˈsænətɪ /loss of orientation 定向丧失/ɔ:rienˈteiʃən /mania 躁狂/ˈmeniə /memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症/æmˈniʒə / paraplegia 截瘫，下身麻痹projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡，嗜睡stupor 木僵，昏呆tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪unconsciousness 失去知觉yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……) crisis脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…）危象failure 衰竭，故障central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…）衰竭diagnosis诊断auscultation 听诊/ˌɔskəlˈteʃən /inspection 视诊palpation触诊percussion 叩诊/ pəˈkʌʃən /laboratory examination 实验室检查physical examination 体格检查rectal (vaginal) touch 直肠（阴道）指诊impression 印象tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断final diagnosis 最后诊断prognosis 预后prescription 处方incubation (latent) period 潜伏期/ˌɪnkjəˈbeɪʃən / prodromal stage 前驱期incipient stage 初期/ɪnˈsɪpiənt /quiescent stage 静止期/kwiˈɛsənt /alleviation 减轻，缓和/əˌli:vɪˈeɪʃən /remission 缓解attack 发作convalescence (recovery) stage 恢复期rehabilitation 康复/ ri:həˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən /sudden death 猝死moribund 濒死的/ mɔrəˌbʌnd /course of the disease 病程course of the treatment 疗程indication 适应症，指征complication 并发症contraindication 禁忌症/ˈkɔntrəˌindiˈkeiʃən / side-effect 副作用sequel (sequela), after effect 后遗症therapies 治疗方法/ˈθerəpi s/acupuncture therapy 针刺疗法block therapy 封闭疗法chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化学疗法combined therapy 综合疗法conservative therapy 保守疗法constitutional therapy 全身疗法dietetic therapy 饮食疗法/ˌdaiəˈtetik /operative treatment 手术疗法palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息疗法physical therapy 物理疗法psychotherapy 精神疗法radical treatment 根治radio-therapy 放射性疗法supporting treatment 支持疗法symptomatic treatment对症疗法cardiac massage 心脏按摩cardiac pacing 心脏起博electrotherapy 电疗法electroshock treatment 电休克疗法hemodialysis 血液透析/ˌhi:məudaiˈælisis /hyperbaric therapy 高压氧疗法insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素休克疗法light therapy 光疗法therapeutic gymnastics 医疗体育。
常用临床医学英文术语
常用临床医学英文术语diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期,晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病/ˈkrɔnik / communicable diseases 传染病/ kəˈmju:nɪkəbəl / complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases 先天性疾病/kənˈdʒenɪtl/ acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病/ kənˈteidʒəs / endemic diseases 地方病/enˈdemɪk /epidemic diseases 流行病/ˌepiˈdemik / functional diseases 机能病、官能病infectious diseases 传染病/inˈfekʃəs / inherited diseases 遗传病/ɪnˈherɪtɪd /malignant diseases恶性病/ məˈliɡnənt /nutritional diseases 营养病/nju:ˈtrɪʃɵnəl /occupation diseases 职业病/ˌɔkjuˈpeiʃən /organic diseases 器质性病/ɔ:ˈɡænik /paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病/ˌpærəkˈsizməl / periodical diseases 周期病/ˌpiəriˈɔdikəl /primary(principaldiseases原发(主导病/ˈprinsəpəl / secondary diseases 继发病sexual(venereal, socialdiseases 性病/viˈniəriəl / terminal diseases 绝症wasting diseases 消耗性疾病clinical manifestation 临床表现/ˌmænəfeˈsteɪʃən / delivery history 分娩史etiology病因学/ˌi:tiˈɔlədʒi/family history 家族史medical history 病史precipitating(induced诱因/priˈsipiteitiŋ /marital status婚姻状况/ˈmæritl /menstrual history 月经史/ˈmenstru:əl /menarche 初潮/miˈnɑ:ki /menopause闭经、女性更年期/ˈmenəˌpɔ:z/past history既往史pathogenesis 发病机制/ˌpæθəˈdʒenisis /personal history 个人史symptoms 症状/ˈsimptəm /cardinal symptom 主要症状/ˈkɑ:dinl /classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状/ kənˈkɔmɪtənt /constitutional(systemic symptom 全身症状/ˌkɔnstɪˈtu:ʃənəl / indirect symptom 间接症状/ˈsimptəm /induced symptom 诱发症状/ i nˈdjust /local symptom 局部症状mental symptom精神症状/ˈmentl /symptom-complex (syndromesymptom 综合症\症候群ˈsindrəum signs体征antecedent 前驱征/ˌæntɪˈsi:dnt /assident (accessory 副征/əˈsidənt /commemorative 后遗症/ kəˈmemərətɪv /sign of death 死征diagnostic诊断征/ˌdaiəɡˈnɔstik/sign of disease 病征subjective 自觉征,主观征vein sign静脉征vital sign 生命体征/ˈvaitəl /body length (height of the body 身高body weight 体重barrel chest 桶状胸cachexia 恶病质/ kəˈkeksiə /compulsive position 被动(强迫体位/ kəmˈpʌlsɪv / critical facies 病危面容/ˈfeiʃiˌi:z /emaciation 消瘦/ɪˌmeɪʃɪˈeɪʃən /enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻/enˈtrəupiɔn /exophthalmos 眼球突出/ˌeksɔfˈθælmɔs /flushed face 面色潮红gain (loss in weight 增加(减轻体重lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸/ lɔ:ˈdəusis /nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动/ˈneɪzəl ,ˈeilə / nystagmus 眼震/nisˈtæɡməs /obesity 肥胖/əʊˈbi:sɪti: /pallor 苍白/ˈpælə /scoliosis 脊柱侧凸/ˌskɔliˈəusis /agitation 焦急不安/ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃən /debility, weakness 虚弱/ dɪˈbɪlɪti: /diaphoresis 出汗,大量出汗/ˈdaiəfəˈri:sis / dizziness, vertigo 眩晕/ˈdɪzɪnɪs ,ˈvɜ:tɪˌgəʊ]/ lassitude, fatigue 无力,倦怠/ˈlæsɪˌtu:d , fəˈti:ɡ/ malaise 不适/mæˈleɪz/night sweat 盗汗numbness 麻木/ˈnʌmnɪs/rigor, chill 寒冷,发冷/ˈrɪgə /perspiration, sweating 出汗/ˌpɜ:spəˈreɪʃən / pruritus, itching 瘙痒症,/ pruəˈraitəs / somasthenia 躯体无力/ˌsəumæsˈθi:niə/tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿/ˈæbˌses /acidosis 酸中毒/ˌæsiˈdəusis /adhesion 粘连/ædˈhi:ʒən /alkalosis 碱中毒/ˌælkəˈləusis /allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良/ kəuˌæɡjuˈleiʃən /congestion 充血/ kənˈdʒestʃən /dehydration 脱水/ˌdi:haɪˈdreɪʃən /distention 膨胀/disˈtenʃən /edema 水肿/i(:ˈdi:mə /embolism 栓塞,栓塞形成/ˈembəlizəm /fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱/ɪˈlektrəˌlaɪt / gangrene 坏疽/ˈgæŋˌgri:n /hematoma 血肿/ˌhi:məˈtəumə /hemorrhage, bleeding 出血/ˈhemərɪdʒ /infarction 梗塞,梗死/inˈfɑ:kʃən /infection 传染inflammation 炎症/ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən / ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒/ki:təuˌæsiˈdəusis / metastasis 转移/ məˈtæstəsis / perforation 穿孔/ˌpɜ:fəˈreɪʃən /necrosis 坏死/neˈkrəusis /shock 休克response 反应,应答reaction 反应,感应thrombosis 血栓形成/θrɔmˈbəusis/ ulceration 溃疡/ˌʌlsəˈreiʃən /fever, pyrexia 发烧,发热/,paiˈreksiə / continuous fever 稽留热intermittent fever 间歇热/ˌɪntəˈmitənt / low-grade fever 低热remittent fever 驰张热/ rɪˈmɪtnt /relapsing fever 回归热,复发burning pain 灼痛chest(flank,… pain 胸(侧腹…痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛/diˈfju:zd /pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛/ˌpluəˈritik/radiating pain (pain radiating to… 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛angina 绞痛/ænˈdʒainə/cardiac angina 心绞痛/ˈkɑːdiæk /backache 背痛colic 绞痛,急腹痛earache 耳痛/ˈiəreik /headache 头痛neuralgia 神经痛/ njuəˈrældʒə /migraine 偏头痛/ˈmaɪˌgreɪn /rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat 咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum 带血的痰/ˈspju:təm]/cough 咳嗽dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰/eksˌpektəˈreiʃən /expectoration of blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧/hiˈmɔptisis ,æˈnɔksiə / apnea 呼吸暂停,窒息/æpˈni:ə/asthma 气喘,哮喘/ˈæsmə /Cheyne Stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸,潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难/disˈpni:ə /hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸,换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全,呼吸浅表/ haɪˈpɔpni:ə / hypoxia 低氧,缺氧/h aiˈpɔksiə /orthopnea 端坐呼吸/ɔ:ˈθɔpnjə /respiratory arrest 呼吸停止/ˈrespərəˌtɔ:ri: / suffocation 窒息/ˌsʌfəˈkeiʃən /tachypnea 呼吸急促/ˌtækipˈni:ə /fetid breath 口臭fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常,心律不齐/əˈriðmiə / atelectasis 肺不张,肺膨胀不全/ˌætiˈlektəsis / cardiac arrest 心搏骤停/ˈkɑːdiæk /cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大/haiˈpə:trəfi / cyanosis 发绀,青紫/ˌsaiəˈnəusis /distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张/ˈdʒʌɡjulə / extrasystole 期外收缩/ˌekstrəˈsistəli /gallop rhythm 奔马律/ˈɡæləp ,ˈriðəm /hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia (循环血容量减少/ haipəuvəˈli:miə /palpitation 心悸/pælpiˈteiʃ(ən /tachycardia 心动过速/ˌtækiˈkɑ:diə /pneumothorax 气胸/ˌnju:məuˈθɔ:ræks /thrill 震颤absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失dull sound 浊音hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音,干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振,厌食dysphagia 吞咽困难/disˈfeidʒiə /eructation 嗳气/ i:rʌkˈteiʃən /flatulence 气胀/ˈflætʃələns /flatus 肠胃气,屁/ˈfleitəs /gaseous distention 胃胀气/ˈɡæsiəs /hematemesis 呕血/ hi:məˈtemisis /hiccough, hiccup 打呃,呃逆nausea 恶心/ nɔziə /pyrosis 胃灼热/paiˈrəusis /regurgitation 反胃,回流/ri:ˌɡə:dʒiˈteiʃən /thirsty 口渴vomiting 呕吐anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂/ˈeinəl / ascites 腹水/əˈsaɪtiz /board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱/ˈtæktəl /exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘,瘘管/ˈfistjulə /hemorrhoid 痔/ˈheməˌrɔɪd /hernia 疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大/ˌhepətəuˈmeɡəli /intussusception 肠套叠/ intəsəˈsepʃən /jaundice 黄疸/ˈdʒɔndɪs /muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫peristalsis 蠕动/ˌperiˈstælsis /loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失mass peristalsis 总蠕动retrograde (reversed peristalsis 逆蠕动prolapse 脱垂/ˈprəulæps /prolapse of anus 脱肛rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂,脱肛/ˈrekt(əl /volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石/ˈkælkjələs /biliary calculus 胆结石/ˈbiljəri /vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation 便秘/ˈvesikəl / defecation 排便/ˌdefiˈkeiʃən /diarrhea 腹泻/ daɪəˈri:ə /incontinence of feces 大便失禁/ˈfi:si:z / hematochezia 便血/ˌhemətəˈki:ziə /fecal impaction 大便嵌塞occult blood 潜血painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动clay colored stools 陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪,吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便,脂肪痢scanty and hard stools 便少而硬tarry (black stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难,尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿/ enjuəˈri:sis / frequency of urination 尿频/ˈjuəriˈneiʃən / micturiation排尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿/ nɔkˈtjuəriə /oliguria 少尿/ˌɔliˈɡjuəriə /polyuria 多尿/ˌpɔliˈjuəriə /tenesmus 里急后重/ təˈnezməs /vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruia 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿proteinuria 蛋白尿pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭,无月经dysmenorrhea 痛经menorrhagia 月经过多lochia 恶露menorrhea 行经,月经过多menstruation 月经/ˌmenstru:ˈeɪʃən /uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点/ˈju:tərain / bruise 挫伤,青肿acne 痤疮,粉刺desquamation 脱皮,脱屑/ˌdeskwəˈmeiʃən / ecchymosis 瘀斑/ekiˈməusis / loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈/ˈtə:ɡə / nevus 痣/ ni:vəs /papule 丘疹/ pæpjul /petechia 瘀点,瘀斑pigmentation 色素沉着pustule 脓疱purpura 紫癫red nodule 红结节roseola 玫瑰疹scar 伤疤senile plaque 老人斑spider anaioma 蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节urticaria 荨麻疹/ˌə:təˈkɛəriə /vesicle 小水疱/ˈvesikl /vitiligo 白斑/ˌvitiˈlaiɡəu /blindness 失明blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊impaired vision 视力下降lacrimation 流泪papilledema 视神经乳头水肿photophobia 畏光,羞明retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋hearing loss 听力丧失tinnitus 耳鸣/tiˈnaitəs /epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding 齿龈出血herpes labialis 唇疱疹,感冒疮Koplik's spots 科普利克斑lead line of the gum 龈铅线salivation, drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩contracture 挛缩deformity 畸形,变形dislocation 脱位fracture 骨折closed (simplefracture 无创骨折,单纯性骨折comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折compound fracture 哆开(开放性骨折knock-knee 膝外翻opisthotonos 角弓反张prosthesis 假体spasm 痉挛tetany (肌强直,手足抽搦wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语ataxia 共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness 知觉,意识/ˈkɔnʃəsnɪs / convulsion 抽搐,惊厥/ kənˈvʌlʃən /delusion 妄想faint 昏厥hallucination 幻觉hemiplegia 偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高/ˌintrəˈkreiniəl / insanity 精神错乱/ɪnˈsænətɪ /loss of orientation 定向丧失/ɔ:rienˈteiʃən /mania 躁狂/ˈmeniə /memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损,遗忘症/æmˈniʒə / paraplegia 截瘫,下身麻痹projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, (lethargy 昏睡,嗜睡stupor 木僵,昏呆tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪unconsciousness 失去知觉yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, …… crisis脑(热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…危象failure 衰竭,故障central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory failure中枢(循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…衰竭diagnosis诊断auscultation 听诊/ˌɔskəlˈteʃən /inspection 视诊palpation触诊percussion 叩诊/ pəˈkʌʃən /laboratory examination 实验室检查physical examination 体格检查rectal (vaginal touch 直肠(阴道指诊impression 印象tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断final diagnosis 最后诊断prognosis 预后prescription 处方incubation (latent period 潜伏期/ˌɪnkjəˈbeɪʃən / prodromal stage 前驱期incipient stage 初期/ɪnˈsɪpiənt /quiescent stage 静止期/kwiˈɛsənt /alleviation 减轻,缓和/əˌli:vɪˈeɪʃən /remission 缓解attack 发作convalescence (recovery stage 恢复期rehabilitation 康复/ ri:həˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən / sudden death 猝死moribund 濒死的/ mɔrəˌbʌnd /course of the disease 病程course of the treatment 疗程indication 适应症,指征complication 并发症contraindication 禁忌症/ˈkɔntrəˌindiˈkeiʃən / side-effect 副作用sequel (sequela, after effect 后遗症therapies 治疗方法/ˈθerəpi s/acupuncture therapy 针刺疗法block therapy 封闭疗法chemical therpy (chemo-therapy 化学疗法combined therapy 综合疗法conservative therapy 保守疗法constitutional therapy 全身疗法 daiə dietetic therapy 饮食疗法/ ɕdaiəɑtetik / operative treatment 手术疗法 palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息疗法physical therapy 物理疗法 psychotherapy 精神疗法 radical treatment 根治 radio-therapy 放射性疗法 supporting treatment 支持疗法 symptomatic treatment 对症疗法cardiac massage 心脏按摩 cardiac pacing 心脏起博 electrotherapy 电疗法 electroshock treatment 电休克疗法 hemodialysis 血液透析/ ɕhi:məudaiɑælisis / hi:məhyperbaric therapy 高压氧疗法 insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素休克疗法 light therapy 光疗法 therapeutic gymnastics 医疗体育。
常用临床医学术语
.常用临床医学术语diseases疾病acute diseases急性病advanced diseases病沉重期，晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病communicable diseases传染病complicating diseases并发病congenital diseases先天性疾病acquired diseases后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病endemic diseases地方病epidemic diseases流行病functional diseases机能病、官能病infectious diseases传染病inherited diseases遗传病malignant diseases恶性病nutritional diseases营养病occupation diseases职业病organic diseases器质性病paroxysmal diseases阵发性病periodical diseases周期病primary(principal)diseases原发（主导）病secondary diseases继发病sexual(venereal, social)diseases性病terminal diseases绝症wasting diseases消耗性疾病chief complaint主诉clinical manifestation临床表现delivery history分娩史etiology病因学family history家族史history, medical history病史precipitating(induced)诱因marital status婚姻状况menstrual history月经史menarche初潮menopause闭经past history既往史pathogenesis发病机制personal history个人史symptoms症状cardinal symptom主要症状classical symptom典型症状concomitant symptom伴发症状constitutional(systemic) symptom全身症状indirect symptom间接症状induced symptom诱发症状local symptom局部症状mental symptom精神症状symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom综合症，症候群signs体征antecedent前驱征assident (accessory)副征commemorative后遗症sign of death死征diagnostic诊断征sign of disease病征subjective自觉征，主观征vein sign静脉征vital sign生命体征body length (height of the body)身高body weight体重barrel chest桶状胸cachexia恶病质compulsive position被动体位critical facies病危面容emaciation消瘦enophthalmos眼球下陷entropion睑内翻exophthalmos眼球突出flushed face面色潮红gain (loss) in weight增加（减轻）体重lock-jaw牙关紧闭lordosis脊柱前凸nasal ala flap鼻翼扇动nystagmus眼震obesity肥胖pallor苍白scolisis脊柱侧凸agitation焦急不安debility, weakness虚弱diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗dizziness, vertigo眩晕lassitude, fatigue无力，倦怠malaise不适night sweat盗汗numbness麻木rigor, chill寒冷，发冷perspiration, sweating出汗pruritus, itching痒，somasthenia躯体无力tingling麻刺感abscess脓肿acidosis酸中毒adhesion粘连alkalosis碱中毒allergy过敏coagulation defect凝血不良congestion充血dehydration脱水distention膨胀edema水肿embolism栓塞，栓塞形成fluid and electrolyte imbalance水电解质紊乱gangrene坏疽hematoma血肿hemorrhage, bleeding出血infarction梗塞，梗死infection传染inflammation炎症ketoacidosis酮酸中毒metastasis转移perforation穿孔necrosis坏死shock休克response反应，应答reaction反应，感应thrombosis血栓形成ulceration溃疡fever, pyrexia发烧，发热continuous fever稽留热intermittent fever间歇热low-grade fever低热remittent fever驰张热relapsing fever回归热pain痛burning pain灼痛chest(flank,…) pain胸（胁腹…）痛cramp-like pain痉挛性痛dull, diffused pain弥漫性钝痛pleuritic pain胸膜炎性痛radiating pain (pain radiating to…)放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）angina 绞痛cardiac angina心绞痛backache背痛colic绞痛，急腹痛earache耳痛headache头痛neuralgia神经痛migraine偏头痛rebound tenderness反跳痛somatalgia躯体痛sore throat咽喉痛stomachache胃痛toothache牙痛bloody sputum带血的痰cough咳嗽dry cough干咳expectoration咳痰expectoration of blood咳血hemoptysis咳血anoxia缺氧apnea呼吸暂停，窒息asthma气喘，哮喘Cheyne Stokes respiration切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea呼吸困难hyperpnea hyperventilation过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea呼吸不全，呼吸浅表hypoxia低氧，缺氧orthopnea端坐呼吸respiratory arrest呼吸停止suffocation窒息tachypnea呼吸急促fetid breath口臭fruity breath呼吸有水果味arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齐atelectasis肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiac arrest心搏骤停cardiac hypertrophy心脏肥大cyanosis发绀，青紫distension of jugular vein颈静脉怒张extrasystole期外收缩gallop rhythm奔马律hemopleura血胸hepatojugular reflux肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia（循环）血容量减少palpitation心悸tachycardia心动过速pneumothorax气胸thrill震颤absent breath sounds呼吸音消失dull sound浊音hyperresonant鼓音rale啰音rhonchus, rhonchi鼾音，干啰音wheeze哮鸣音anorexia, loss of appetite食欲不振，厌食dysphagia吞咽困难eructation嗳气belching嗳气flatulence气胀flatus肠胃气，屁gaseous distention胃胀气hematemesis呕血hiccough, hiccup打呃，呃逆nausea恶心pyrosis胃灼热regurgitation反胃，回流thirsty口渴vomiting呕吐anal fissure, crack in the anal canal肛裂ascites腹水board-like rigidity of the abdomen板状腹decreased tactile fremitus触觉性震颤减弱exophageal varices食管静脉曲张fistula瘘，瘘管hemorrhoid痔hernia疝hepatomegaly肝肿大intussusception肠套叠jaundice黄疸muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall腹壁肌卫peristalsis蠕动loss of peristalsis蠕动消失mass peristalsis总蠕动retrograde (reversed) peristalsis逆蠕动prolapse脱垂prolapse of anus脱肛rectal prolapse直肠脱垂，脱肛volvulus肠扭转calculus结石，石biliary calculus胆结石vesical calculus膀胱结石constipation便秘defecation排便diarrhea腹泻incontinence of feces大便失禁hematochezia便血fecal impaction大便嵌塞occult blood潜血painful straining with defecation排便痛性牵动clay colored stools陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis咖啡样呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting呕粪，吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools便少而硬tarry (black) stools柏油样便anuria无尿burning sensation no urination排尿时的灼烧感dysurea排尿困难，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting遗尿frequency of urination尿频micturation排尿uresis, urination, voiding排尿nocturia夜尿oliguria少尿polyuria多尿tenesmus里急后重vesical tenesmus排尿时里急后重uremia coma尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination尿急urinary incontinence尿失禁aciduria酸尿chyluria乳糜尿cylindruia管型尿glycosuria糖尿hematuria血尿ketonuria酮尿pneumatinuria气尿proteinuria蛋白尿pyuria脓尿amenorrhea经闭，无月经dysmenorrhea痛经menorrhagia月经过多lochia恶露menorrhea行经，月经过多menstruation月经uterine contraction子宫收缩blotch斑点bruise挫伤，青肿acne痤疮，粉刺desquamation脱皮，脱屑ecchymosis瘀斑loss of skin turgor失去皮肤充盈nevus痣papule丘疹petechia瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation色素沉着pustule脓疱purpura紫癫red nodule红结节roseola玫瑰疹scar伤疤senile plaque老人斑spider anaioma蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule皮下结节urticaria荨麻疹vesicle小水疱vitiligo白斑blindness失明blurred vision, visual disturbance视力模糊impaired vision视力下降lacrimation流泪papilledema视神经乳头水肿photophobia畏光，羞明retinal detachment视网膜脱离deafness聋hearing loss听力丧失tinnitus耳鸣epistaxis, nasal bleeding鼻出血impaired smelling嗅觉障碍nasal discharge鼻涕nasal obstruction鼻塞sneeze喷嚏snore打鼾aphonia, loss of voice失音症hoarseness嘶哑gum bleeding齿龈出血herpes labialis唇疱疹，感冒疮Koplik’s spots科普利克斑lead line of the gum龈铅线salivation, drooling流口水straw-berry tongue草莓舌tremulous tongue舌震颤atrophy萎缩contracture挛缩deformity畸形，变形dislocation脱位fracture骨折closed (simple)fracture无创骨折，单纯性骨折comminuted fracture粉碎性骨折compound fracture哆开（开放性）骨折knock-knee膝外翻opisthotonos角弓反张prosthesis假体spasm痉挛tetany (肌)强直，手足抽搦wrist drop腕下垂aphasia失语ataxia共济失调coma昏迷consciousness知觉，意识convulsion抽搐，惊厥delirium谵妄delusion妄想faint昏厥hallucination幻觉hemiplegia偏瘫increased intracranial pressure颅内压增高insanity精神错乱loss of orientation定向丧失mania躁狂memory defects, amnesia记忆缺损，遗忘症paraplegia截瘫，下身麻痹projectile vomiting喷射性呕吐somnolence, (lethargy)昏睡，嗜睡stupor木僵，昏呆tetraplegia四肢瘫痪unconsciousness失去知觉yawning打哈欠crisis危象cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ...) crisis脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…）危象failure衰竭，故障central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…）衰竭diagnosis诊断auscultation听诊inspection视诊palpation触诊percussion叩诊laboratory examination实验室检查physical examination体格检查rectal (vaginal) touch直肠（阴道）指诊impression印象tentative diagnosis暂定诊断differential diagnosis鉴别诊断final diagnosis最后诊断prognosis预后prescription处方incubation (latent) period潜伏期prodromal stage前驱期incipient stage初期quiescent stage静止期alleviation减轻，缓和remission缓解attack发作convalescence (recovery) stage恢复期rehabilitation康复relapse复发sudden death猝死moribund濒死的course of the disease病程course of the treatment疗程indication适应症，指征complication并发症contraindication禁忌症side-effect副作用sequel (sequela), after effect后遗症therapies治疗方法acupuncture therapy针刺疗法block therapy封闭疗法chemical therpy (chemo-therapy)化学疗法combined therapy综合疗法conservative therapy保守疗法constitutional therapy全身疗法dietetic therapy饮食疗法operative treatment手术疗法palliative treatment, alleviative treatment姑息疗法physical therapy物理疗法psychotherapy精神疗法radical treatment根治radio-therapy放射性疗法supporting treatment支持疗法symptomatic treatment对症疗法cardiac massage心脏按摩cardiac pacing心脏起博electrotherapy电疗法electroshock treatment电休克疗法hemodialysis血液透析hyperbaric therapy高压氧疗法insulin-shock treatment胰岛素休克疗法light therapy光疗法therapeutic gymnastics医疗体育。
【免费下载】常用临床医学英文术语
delivery history 分娩史 etiology 病因学 family history 家族史 history, medical history 病史 precipitating（induced）诱因 marital status 婚姻状况 menstrual history 月经史 menarche 初潮 menopause 闭经 past history 既往史 pathogenesis 发病机制 personal history 个人史 symptoms 症状 cardinal symptom 主要症状 classical symptom 典型症状 concomitant symptom 伴发症状 constitutional（systemic） symptom 全身症状 indirect symptom 间接症状 induced symptom 诱发症状 local symptom 局部症状 mental symptom 精神症状 symptom-complex （syndrome）symptom 综合症，症候群 signs 体征 antecedent 前驱征 assident （accessory） 副征 commemorative 后遗症 sign of death 死征 diagnostic 诊断征 sign of disease 病征
常用临床医学英文术语
diseases 疾病 acute diseases 急性病 advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病 chronic diseases 慢性病 communicable diseases 传染病 complicating diseases 并发病 congenital diseases 先天性疾病 acquired diseases 后天性疾病 contagious diseases 接触性传染病 endemic diseases 地方病 epidemic diseases 流行病 functional diseases 机能病、官能病 infectious diseases 传染病 inherited diseases 遗传病 malignant diseases 恶性病 nutritional diseases 营养病 occupation diseases 职业病 organic diseases 器质性病 paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病 periodical diseases 周期病 primary（principal）diseases 原发（主导）病 secondary diseases 继发病 sexual（venereal, social）diseases 性病 terminal diseases 绝症 wasting diseases 消耗性疾病 chief complaint 主诉 clinical manifestation 临床表现
中英对照——常用临床医学词汇
常用临床医学术语diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病 chronicdiseases 慢性病 communicable diseases 传染病complicating diseases 并发病organic diseases 器质性病paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病periodical diseases 周期病primary(principal)diseases 原发(主导)病secondary diseases 继发病congenital diseases acquired diseases contagious diseases endemic diseases epidemic diseases functional diseases infectious diseases inherited diseases malignant diseasesnutritional diseasesoccupation diseases先天性疾病后天性疾病接触性传染病地方病 流行病机能病、官能病传染病 遗传病恶性病 营养病职业病sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病terminal diseases 绝症wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint clinical manifestation 临床表现主诉delivery history 分娩史etiology 病因学familyhistory 家族史history, medical history 病史precipitating(induced) 诱因marital status 婚姻状况menstrual history 月经史menarche 初潮menopause 闭经past history 既往史pathogenesis 发病机制personal history 个人史symptoms 症状cardinal symptom 主要症状classical symptom 典型症状concomitantsymptom 伴发症状constitutional(systemic)symptom 全身症状indirect symptom 间接症状induced symptom 诱发症状local symptom 局部症状mental symptom 精神症状symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症，症候群signs 体征antecedent 前驱征assident (accessory) 副征commemorative 后遗症sign of death 死征diagnostic 诊断征sign of disease 病征subjective 自觉征，主观征vein sign 静脉征vitalsign 生命体征body length (height of the body)身高body weight 体重barrel chest 桶状胸cachexia 恶病质compulsive position 被动体位critical facies 病危面容emaciation 消瘦enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻exophthalmos 眼球突出flushed face 面色潮红gain (loss) in weight 增加(减轻)体重lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动nystagmus 眼震obesity 肥胖pallor 苍白scolisis 脊柱侧凸agitation 焦急不安debility, weakness 虚弱diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗dizziness, vertigo 眩晕lassitude, fatigue 无力，倦怠malaise 不适night sweat 盗汗numbness 麻木rigor, chill 寒冷，发冷perspiration, sweating 出汗pruritus, itching 痒，somasthenia 躯体无力tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿acidosis 酸中毒adhesion 粘连alkalosis 碱中毒allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良congestion 充血dehydration 脱水distention 膨胀 edema 水肿 embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成 fluid and electrolyte imbalance gangrene 坏疽 hematoma 血肿 hemorrhage, bleeding 出血 infarction 梗塞，梗死 infection 传染 inflammation 炎症 ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒 metastasis 转移 perforation 穿孔 necrosis 坏死 shock 休克 response 反应，应答 reaction 反应，感应 thrombosis血栓形成 ulceration 溃疡 fever,pyrexia continuous fever 稽留热intermittent fever 间歇热 low-gradefever 低热remittent fever 驰张热relapsing fever 回归热 pain 痛burning pain 灼痛chest(flank, …)pain 胸(胁腹…)痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛radiating pain (pain radiating to放…射) 性痛(放射到 … 疼痛) angina 绞痛 cardiac angina 心绞痛backache 背痛colic 绞痛，急腹痛earache 耳痛水电解质紊乱发烧，发热neuralgia 神经痛migraine 偏头痛rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat 咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum 带血的痰cough 咳嗽dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰expectoration of blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息asthma 气喘，哮喘Cheyne Stokes respiration 切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全，呼吸浅表hypoxia 低氧，缺氧orthopnea 端坐呼吸respiratory arrest 呼吸停止suffocation 窒息tachypnea 呼吸急促fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiac arrest 心搏骤停cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大cyanosis 发绀，青紫distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张extrasystole 期外收缩gallop rhythm 奔马律hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia （循环）血容量减少palpitation 心悸tachycardia 心动过速pneumothorax 气胸thrill 震颤absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失dull sound 浊音hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食dysphagia 吞咽困难eructation 嗳气belching 嗳气flatus 肠胃气，屁gaseous distention 胃胀气hematemesis 呕血hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆nausea 恶心pyrosis 胃灼热regurgitation 反胃，回流thirsty 口渴vomiting 呕吐anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘，瘘管hemorrhoid 痔hernia 疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大intussusception 肠套叠jaundice 黄疸muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall peristalsis 蠕动loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失mass peristalsis 总蠕动retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕动prolapse 脱垂prolapse of anus 脱肛rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂，脱肛volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石，石biliary calculus 胆结石vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation 便秘defecation 排便diarrhea 腹泻incontinence of feces 大便失禁hematochezia 便血fecal impaction 大便嵌塞腹壁肌卫occult blood 潜血painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动clay colored stools 陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting呕粪，吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools 便少而硬tarry (black) stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿frequency of urination 尿频micturation 排尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿oliguria 少尿polyuria 多尿tenesmus 里急后重vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruia 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿proteinuria 蛋白尿pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭，无月经dysmenorrhea 痛经menorrhagia 月经过多lochia 恶露menorrhea 行经，月经过多menstruation 月经uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点bruise 挫伤，青肿acne 痤疮，粉刺desquamation 脱皮，脱屑ecchymosis 瘀斑loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈nevus 痣papule 丘疹petechia 瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation 色素沉着pustule 脓疱purpura 紫癫red nodule 红结节roseola 玫瑰疹scar 伤疤senile plaque 老人斑spider anaioma 蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节urticaria 荨麻疹vesicle 小水疱vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊impaired vision 视力下降lacrimation 流泪papilledema 视神经乳头水肿photophobia 畏光，羞明retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋hearing loss 听力丧失tinnitus 耳鸣epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding 齿龈出血herpes labialis 唇疱疹，感冒疮Koplik's spots 科普利克斑lead line of the gum 龈铅线salivation, drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩contracture 挛缩deformity 畸形，变形dislocation 脱位fracture 骨折closed （simple）fracture 无创骨折，单纯性骨折comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折compound fracture 哆开（开放性）骨折knock-knee 膝外翻opisthotonos 角弓反张prosthesis 假体spasm 痉挛tetany （肌）强直，手足抽搦wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语ataxia 共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness 知觉，意识convulsion 抽搐，惊厥delirium 谵妄delusion 妄想faint 昏厥hallucination 幻觉hemiplegia 偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高insanity 精神错乱loss of orientation 定向丧失mania 躁狂memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症paraplegia 截瘫，下身麻痹projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡，嗜睡stupor 木僵，昏呆tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪unconsciousness 失去知觉yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ..... ) crisis 脑(热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…)危象failure 衰竭，故障central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure 中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…）衰竭diagnosis诊断auscultation 听诊inspection 视诊palpation 触诊percussion 叩诊laboratory examination 实验室检查physical examination 体格检查rectal (vaginal) touch 直肠（阴道）指诊impression 印象tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断final diagnosis 最后诊断prognosis 预后prescription 处方incubation (latent) period 潜伏期prodromal stage 前驱期incipient stage 初期quiescent stage 静止期alleviation 减轻，缓和remission 缓解attack 发作convalescence (recovery) stage 恢复期rehabilitation 康复relapse 复发sudden death 猝死moribund 濒死的course of the disease 病程course of the treatment 疗程indication 适应症，指征complication 并发症contraindication 禁忌症side-effect 副作用sequel (sequela), after effect 后遗症therapies 治疗方法acupuncture therapy 针刺疗法block therapy 封闭疗法chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化学疗法combined therapy 综合疗法conservative therapy 保守疗法constitutional therapy 全身疗法dietetic therapy 饮食疗法operative treatment 手术疗法palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息疗法physical therapy 物理疗法psychotherapy 精神疗法radical treatment 根治radio-therapy 放射性疗法supporting treatment 支持疗法symptomatic treatment 对症疗法cardiac massage 心脏按摩cardiac pacing 心脏起博electrotherapy 电疗法electroshock treatment 电休克疗法hemodialysis 血液透析hyperbaric therapy 高压氧疗法insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素休克疗法light therapy 光疗法therapeutic gymnastics 医疗体育。
临床试验术语
临床试验术语临床试验是医学研究中的重要环节，通过对人体进行实验，评估新药、治疗方法的有效性和安全性。
临床试验的过程中，有许多特定的术语被用来描述不同阶段和步骤的操作和结果。
本文将介绍一些常见的临床试验术语。
一、随机对照试验随机对照试验（Randomized Controlled Trial，简称RCT）是一种最常见的临床试验设计，用于评估治疗的有效性。
在随机对照试验中，研究对象被随机分配到不同的治疗组和对照组，以减少实验结果的偏倚。
治疗组接受新药或新治疗方法，而对照组接受常规治疗或安慰剂。
二、盲法盲法（Blinding）是为了减少试验结果的主观偏倚而采用的一种预防措施。
单盲试验指的是研究对象不知道自己所接受的治疗是实验组还是对照组；双盲试验指的是研究对象和研究人员都不知道实验组和对照组的分组情况；而三盲试验则还包括评估治疗结果的独立评价者也不知道分组情况。
三、安慰剂对照试验安慰剂对照试验（Placebo-controlled trial）是对照组中使用安慰剂（不含任何治疗成分）进行试验的一种设计。
安慰剂对照试验可以帮助研究人员评估新药或新治疗方法的疗效，与常规治疗或安慰剂进行比较。
四、不良事件不良事件（Adverse Event，简称AE）指的是在试验过程中出现的与治疗或实验相关的不良反应。
不良事件可以是轻微的副作用，也可以是严重的不良反应。
在临床试验中，重要的一项任务就是记录和评估不良事件的发生情况和严重程度。
五、入组与排除标准入组标准（Inclusion Criteria）是指确定试验对象是否符合参与临床试验的基本条件。
入组标准通常与研究问题和研究对象的特征相关。
排除标准（Exclusion Criteria）则是指那些不符合参与试验条件的研究对象，因为这些人可能会对试验结果产生干扰。
六、伦理审批伦理审批是进行临床试验前必须经过的程序。
伦理审批委员会负责对试验方案进行伦理道德的审查，确保临床试验的设计和实施符合伦理标准，尊重研究对象的权益和福利。
门诊医生常用医学术语解析
门诊医生常用医学术语解析医学术语是门诊医生日常工作中必不可少的一部分。
理解和熟练运用这些医学术语，对于门诊医生提供准确的诊断和治疗意见至关重要。
本文将对门诊医生常用的一些医学术语进行解析，帮助读者更好地了解这些术语的含义和用法。
一、临床诊断术语解析1. 诊断：诊断是门诊医生确定患者疾病或症状的过程。
通过详细询问患者病情、体格检查及辅助检查等，综合分析、判断出患者的疾病名称和性质。
2. 症状：患者主观感受到的异常体验或感觉，如头痛、发热等。
3. 体征：门诊医生通过观察、触诊、听诊等方式得出的异常体征，如皮肤黄疸、肺部湿罗音等。
4. 指征：特定的体征或检查结果，提示某种疾病存在的可能性，如心电图QT间期延长可指征某些心脏疾病。
5. 检查：门诊医生根据患者病情需要进行的相应检查，如心电图、血常规等。
6. 诊断依据：根据患者的症状、体征和检查结果等，得出的诊断结论。
二、治疗方法术语解析1. 保守治疗：通过非手术手段，如药物治疗、物理疗法等，来治疗疾病。
2. 手术治疗：需要进行手术操作的治疗方法，用于直接解决疾病的原因，如阑尾切除术、心脏搭桥手术等。
3. 介入治疗：通过血管内插管等技术，进行治疗操作，如冠状动脉介入术、肿瘤栓塞术等。
4. 支持治疗：通过维持患者生命体征、改善症状等手段，提供对症治疗，如补液、输血等。
5. 康复治疗：通过康复训练、物理治疗等手段，促进患者康复恢复功能，提高生活质量。
6. 中医治疗：采用中医理论和方法进行治疗，如中药治疗、针灸疗法等。
三、常见疾病术语解析1. 高血压：一种以血压持续升高为特征的慢性病，常伴有头痛、视力模糊、心悸等症状。
2. 糖尿病：一种以血糖升高为特征的慢性代谢性疾病，可出现多饮、多尿、体重减轻等症状。
3. 冠心病：一种由冠状动脉供血不足引起的心脏疾病，可导致胸闷、胸痛、心慌等症状。
4. 胃溃疡：胃黏膜或十二指肠黏膜发生溃疡的疾病，常表现为上腹痛、恶心、呕吐等症状。
常用临床医学英文术语
colic绞痛，急腹痛
earache耳痛
headache头痛
neuralgia神经痛
migraine偏头痛
rebound tenderness反跳痛
somatalgia躯体痛
tingling麻刺感abscess脓肿
acidosis酸中毒
adhesion粘连
alkalosis碱中毒
allergy过敏
coagulation defect凝血不良
congestion充血
dehydration脱水
distention膨胀
edema水肿
embolism栓塞，栓塞形成
fluid and electrolyte imbalance水电解质紊乱
paroxysmal diseases阵发性病
periodical diseases周期病
primary(principal)diseases原发(主导)病
secondary diseases继发病
sexual(venereal，social)diseases性病
terminal diseases绝症
communicable diseases传染病
complicating diseases并发病
congenitaldiseases先天性疾病
acquired diseases后天性疾病
contagious diseases接触性传染病
endemic diseases地方病
epidemic diseases流行病
functional diseases机能病、官能病
infectious diseases传染病
inherited diseases遗传病
常用临床医学英文术语
cardinal symptom 主要症状
classical symptom 典型症状
concomitant symptom 伴发症状
constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状
indirect symptom 间接症状
induced symptom 诱发症状
常用临床医学英文术语
diseases 疾病
acute diseases 急性病
advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病
chronic diseases慢性病
communicable diseases 传染病
complicating diseases 并发病
obesity 肥胖
pallor 苍白
scolisis 脊柱侧凸
agitation 焦急不安
debility, weakness 虚弱
diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗
dizziness, vertigo 眩晕
lassitude, fatigue 无力，倦怠
marital status婚姻状况
menstrual history 月经史
menarche 初潮
menopause闭经
past history既往史
pathogenesis 发病机制
personal history 个人史symptoms 症状
decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱
exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张
fistula 瘘，瘘管
hemorrhoid 痔
hernia 疝
临床医学术语大全
临床医学术语大全临床医学术语包括但不限于以下内容：1. 疾病：指人体在生物、心理、社会和环境等因素作用下，出现功能、代谢、形态结构异常的状态。
2. 急性病：发病急、病程短，病理变化显著、迅速，常表现为功能亢进或衰竭，需要及时、正确处理的疾病。
3. 慢性病：发病缓慢、病程较长，病理变化逐渐累积，病变复杂多变，常表现为功能减退或衰竭的疾病。
4. 传染病：由病原微生物（细菌、病毒、真菌等）侵入人体，在人与人之间或人与动物之间相互传播的疾病。
5. 遗传病：由于遗传物质改变而引起的疾病，常常具有家族聚集性。
6. 癌症：指细胞异常增生并在体内形成肿块，导致身体损伤的一类疾病。
7. 心血管疾病：指心脏和血管系统的一系列疾病，包括冠心病、高血压、心肌炎等。
8. 神经系统疾病：指脑、脊髓和周围神经系统的疾病，包括脑梗塞、脑出血、癫痫等。
9. 内分泌系统疾病：指内分泌腺或内分泌组织发生功能异常或病理改变而引起的疾病，如糖尿病等。
10. 消化系统疾病：指消化器官的疾病，包括胃炎、胃溃疡、肝炎等。
11. 呼吸系统疾病：指呼吸器官的疾病，包括感冒、哮喘、肺炎等。
12. 泌尿系统疾病：指肾脏、输尿管、膀胱等泌尿器官的疾病，包括肾炎、尿路感染等。
13. 血液系统疾病：指血液成分异常或血液系统结构异常而引起的疾病，如贫血、白血病等。
14. 免疫系统疾病：指免疫系统的功能异常或失调而引起的疾病，如风湿性关节炎等。
15. 营养性疾病：指由于营养摄入不足或过量而引起的疾病，如肥胖症、营养不良等。
16. 外科手术：通过切开或穿刺人体组织来治疗疾病的操作。
17. 药物疗法：指使用药物进行治疗的方法。
18. 心理疗法：指通过谈话、疏导等方式来治疗心理问题的治疗方法。
常用临床医学英文术语
常用临床医学英文术语常用临床医学英文术语临床医学是研究疾病的'病因、诊断、治疗和预后,提高临床治疗水平,促进人体健康的科学。
接下来店铺为大家整理常用临床医学术语中英对照,希望对你有帮助。
diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病communicable diseases 传染病complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases 先天性疾病acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病endemic diseases 地方病epidemic diseases 流行病functional diseases 机能病、官能病infectious diseases 传染病inherited diseases 遗传病malignant diseases恶性病nutritional diseases 营养病occupation diseases 职业病organic diseases 器质性病paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病periodical diseases 周期病primary(principal)diseases原发(主导)病secondary diseases 继发病sexual(venereal， social)diseases 性病terminal diseases 绝症wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主诉clinical manifestation 临床表现delivery history 分娩史etiology病因学family history 家族史history， medical history 病史precipitating(induced)诱因marital status婚姻状况menstrual history 月经史menarche 初潮menopause闭经past history既往史pathogenesis 发病机制personal history 个人史symptoms 症状cardinal symptom 主要症状classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状indirect symptom 间接症状induced symptom 诱发症状local symptom 局部症状mental symptom精神症状symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症，症候群signs体征antecedent 前驱征assident (accessory) 副征commemorative 后遗症sign of death 死征diagnostic诊断征sign of disease 病征subjective 自觉征，主观征vein sign静脉征vital sign 生命体征body length (height of the body) 身高body weight 体重barrel chest 桶状胸cachexia 恶病质compulsive position 被动体位critical facies 病危面容emaciation 消瘦enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻exophthalmos 眼球突出flushed face 面色潮红gain (loss) in weight 增加(减轻)体重lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸医.学教育网整理nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动nystagmus 眼震obesity 肥胖pallor 苍白scolisis 脊柱侧凸agitation 焦急不安debility， weakness 虚弱diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗dizziness， vertigo 眩晕lassitude， fatigue 无力，倦怠malaise 不适night sweat 盗汗numbness 麻木rigor， chill 寒冷，发冷perspiration， sweating 出汗pruritus， itching 痒，somasthenia 躯体无力tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿acidosis 酸中毒adhesion 粘连alkalosis 碱中毒allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良congestion 充血dehydration 脱水distention 膨胀edema 水肿embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱gangrene 坏疽hematoma 血肿hemorrhage， bleeding 出血infarction 梗塞，梗死infection 传染inflammation 炎症ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒metastasis 转移perforation 穿孔necrosis 坏死shock 休克response 反应，应答reaction 反应，感应thrombosis 血栓形成ulceration 溃疡fever， pyrexia 发烧，发热continuous fever 稽留热intermittent fever 间歇热low-grade fever 低热remittent fever 驰张热relapsing fever 回归热pain 痛burning pain 灼痛chest(flank，…) pain 胸(胁腹…)痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛dull， diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 绞痛cardiac angina 心绞痛backache 背痛colic 绞痛，急腹痛earache 耳痛headache 头痛neuralgia 神经痛migraine 偏头痛rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat 咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum 带血的痰cough 咳嗽dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰expectoration of blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息asthma 气喘，哮喘Cheyne Stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全，呼吸浅表hypoxia 低氧，缺氧orthopnea 端坐呼吸respiratory arrest 呼吸停止suffocation 窒息tachypnea 呼吸急促fetid breath 口臭fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiac arrest 心搏骤停cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大cyanosis 发绀，青紫distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张extrasystole 期外收缩gallop rhythm 奔马律hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia (循环)血容量减少palpitation 心悸tachycardia 心动过速pneumothorax 气胸thrill 震颤absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失dull sound 浊音hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音rhonchus， rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia， loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食dysphagia 吞咽困难eructation 嗳气belching 嗳气flatulence 气胀flatus 肠胃气，屁gaseous distention 胃胀气hematemesis 呕血hiccough， hiccup 打呃，呃逆nausea 恶心pyrosis 胃灼热regurgitation 反胃，回流thirsty 口渴vomiting 呕吐anal fissure， crack in the anal canal 肛裂ascites 腹水board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘，瘘管hemorrhoid 痔hernia 疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大intussusception 肠套叠jaundice 黄疸muscle guarding， defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫peristalsis 蠕动loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失mass peristalsis 总蠕动下载文档。
常用临床医学术语
常用临床医学术语dieae疾病acutedieae急性病advanceddieae病沉重期，晚期疾病chronicdieae慢性病functionaldieae机能病、官能病infectioudieae传染病inheriteddieae遗传病malignantdieae恶性病nutritionaldieae营养病occupationdieae职业病organicdieae器质性病paro某ymaldieae阵发性病periodicaldieae周期病primary(principal)dieae原发（主导）病econdarydieae继发病e某ual(venereal,ocial)dieae性病terminaldieae绝症watingdieae消耗性疾病clinicalmanifetation临床表现deliveryhitory分娩史etiology 病因学familyhitory家族史hitory,medicalhitory病史precipitating(induced)诱因maritaltatu婚姻状况mentrualhitory月经史menarche初潮menopaue 闭经pathitory既往史pathogenei发病机制peronalhitory个人史ymptom症状cardinalymptom主要症状claicalymptom典型症状contitutional(ytemic)ymptom全身症状indirectymptom间接症状inducedymptom诱发症状localymptom局部症状mentalymptom精神症状ign体征antecedent前驱征aident(acceory)副征ubjective自觉征，主观征veinign静脉征vitalign生命体征bodylength(heightofthebody)身高bodyweight体重barrelchet桶状胸cache某ia恶病质enophthalmo眼球下陷entropion睑内翻e某ophthalmo眼球突出fluhedface面色潮红gain(lo)inweight增加（减轻）体重lock-jaw牙关紧闭lordoi脊柱前凸naalalaflap鼻翼扇动nytagmu眼震obeity肥胖pallor苍白colii脊柱侧凸agitation焦急不安debility,weakne虚弱diaphorei出汗，大量出汗dizzine,vertigo眩晕laitude,fatigue无力，倦怠malaie不适nightweat盗汗numbne麻木rigor,chill寒冷，发冷perpiration,weating出汗pruritu,itching痒，omathenia躯体无力tingling麻刺感abce脓肿acidoi酸中毒adheion粘连alkaloi碱中毒allergy过敏coagulationdefect凝血不良congetion充血dehydration脱水ditention膨胀edema水肿embolim栓塞，栓塞形成fluidandelectrolyteimbalance水电解质紊乱gangrene坏疽hematoma血肿hemorrhage,bleeding出血infarction梗塞，梗死infection传染inflammation炎症ketoacidoi酮酸中毒metatai转移perforation穿孔necroi坏死hock休克repone反应，应答reaction反应，感应thromboi血栓形成ulceration溃疡fever,pyre某ia发烧，发热continuoufever稽留热intermittentfever间歇热low-gradefever低热remittentfever驰张热relapingfever回归热pain痛burningpain灼痛chet(flank,…)pain胸（胁腹…）痛cramp-likepain痉挛性痛dull,diffuedpain弥漫性钝痛pleuriticpain胸膜炎性痛radiatin gpain(painradiatingto…)放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）angina绞痛cardiacangina心绞痛backache背痛colic绞痛，急腹痛earache耳痛headache头痛neuralgia神经痛migraine偏头痛reboundtenderne反跳痛omatalgia躯体痛orethroat咽喉痛tomachache胃痛toothache牙痛bloodyputum带血的痰cough咳嗽drycough干咳e某pectoration 咳痰e某pectorationofblood咳血hemoptyi咳血ano某ia缺氧apnea呼吸暂停，窒息athma气喘，哮喘CheyneStokerepiration切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dypnea呼吸困难hyperpneahyperventilation过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea呼吸不全，呼吸浅表hypo某ia低氧，缺氧orthopnea端坐呼吸repiratoryarret呼吸停止uffocation窒息tachypnea呼吸急促fetidbreath口臭fruitybreath呼吸有水果味arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齐atelectai肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiacarret心搏骤停cardiachypertrophy心脏肥大cyanoi发绀，青紫ditenionofjugularvein颈静脉怒张e某traytole期外收缩galloprhythm奔马律hemopleura血胸hepatojugularreflu某肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia（循环）血容量减少palpitation心悸tachycardia心动过速pneumothora某气胸thrill震颤abentbreathound呼吸音消失dullound浊音hyperreonant鼓音rale 啰音rhonchu,rhonchi鼾音，干啰音wheeze哮鸣音anore某ia,loofappetite食欲不振，厌食dyphagia吞咽困难eructation嗳气belching嗳气flatulence气胀flatu肠胃气，屁gaeouditention胃胀气hematemei呕血hiccough,hiccup打呃，呃逆nauea恶心pyroi胃灼热regurgitation反胃，回流thirty口渴vomiting呕吐analfiure,crackintheanalcanal肛裂acite腹水board-likerigidityoftheabdomen板状腹decreaedtactilefremitu 触觉性震颤减弱e某ophagealvarice食管静脉曲张fitula瘘，瘘管hemorrhoid痔hernia疝hepatomegaly肝肿大intuuception肠套叠jaundice黄疸mucleguarding,defenceoftheabdominalwall腹壁肌卫peritali蠕动loofperitali蠕动消失maperitali总蠕动retrograde(revered)peritali逆蠕动prolape脱垂prolapeofanu脱肛rectalprolape直肠脱垂，脱肛volvulu肠扭转calculu结石，石biliarycalculu胆结石veicalcalculu膀胱结石contipation便秘defecation排便diarrhea腹泻incontinenceoffece大便失禁hematochezia便血fecalimpaction大便嵌塞occultblood潜血painfultrainingwithdefecation排便痛性牵动claycoloredtool陶土色便dark,granular/coffeegroundemei咖啡样呕吐物fecalvomiting,tercoraceouvomiting呕粪，吐粪foulfattytool,teatorrhea恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢cantyandhardtool便少而硬tarry(black)tool柏油样便anuria无尿burningenationnourination排尿时的灼烧感dyurea排尿困难，尿痛enurei,bedwetting遗尿frequencyofurination尿频micturation排尿urei,urination,voiding排尿nocturia夜尿oliguria少尿polyuria多尿tenemu里急后重aciduria酸尿chyluria乳糜尿cylindruia管型尿glycouria糖尿hematuria血尿ketonuria酮尿pneumatinuria气尿proteinuria蛋白尿pyuria脓尿amenorrhea经闭，无月经dymenorrhea痛经menorrhagia月经过多lochia恶露menorrhea行经，月经过多mentruation月经uterinecontraction子宫收缩blotch斑点bruie挫伤，青肿acne痤疮，粉刺dequamation脱皮，脱屑ecchymoi瘀斑loofkinturgor失去皮肤充盈nevu痣papule丘疹petechia瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation色素沉着putule脓疱purpura 紫癫rednodule红结节roeola玫瑰疹car伤疤enileplaque老人斑pideranaioma蛛形痣ubcutaneounodule皮下结节urticaria荨麻疹veicle小水疱vitiligo白斑blindne失明blurredviion,viualditurbance视力模糊impairedviion视力下降lacrimation流泪papilledema视神经乳头水肿photophobia畏光，羞明retinaldetachment视网膜脱离deafne聋hearinglo听力丧失tinnitu耳鸣epita某i,naalbleeding鼻出血impairedmelling嗅觉障碍naaldicharge鼻涕naalobtruction鼻塞neeze喷嚏nore打鼾aphonia,loofvoice失音症hoarene嘶哑gumbleeding齿龈出血herpelabiali唇疱疹，感冒疮Koplik’pot科普利克斑leadlineofthegum龈铅线alivation,drooling流口水traw-berrytongue 草莓舌tremuloutongue舌震颤atrophy萎缩contracture挛缩deformity畸形，变形dilocation脱位fracture骨折tetany(肌)强直，手足抽搦writdrop腕下垂concioune知觉，意识convulion抽搐，惊厥delirium谵妄deluion 妄想faint昏厥hallucination幻觉hemiplegia偏瘫increaedintracranialpreure颅内压增高inanity精神错乱looforientation定向丧失mania躁狂memorydefect,amneia记忆缺损，遗忘症paraplegia截瘫，下身麻痹projectilevomiting喷射性呕吐omnolence,(lethargy)昏睡，嗜睡tupor木僵，昏呆tetraplegia四肢瘫痪unconcioune失去知觉yawning打哈欠crii危象cerebral(febrile,hematic,hemolytic,hypertenive,palliativetre atment,alleviativetreatment姑息疗法phyicaltherapy物理疗法pychotherapy精神疗法radicaltreatment根治radio-therapy放射性疗法upportingtreatment支持疗法ymptomatictreatment对症疗法cardiacmaage心脏按摩cardiacpacing心脏起博electrotherapy电疗法thyroto某ic,...)crii脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…）危象failure衰竭，故障central(circulatory,cardiac,myocardiac,peripheral,congetive, renal,repiratory)failure中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…）衰竭diagnoi诊断aucultation听诊inpection视诊palpation触诊percuion叩诊laboratorye某amination实验室检查phyicale某amination体格检查rectal(vaginal)touch直肠（阴道）指诊impreion印象tentativediagnoi暂定诊断differentialdiagnoi鉴别诊断finaldiagnoi最后诊断prognoi预后precription处方incubation(latent)period潜伏期prodromaltage前驱期incipienttage初期quiecenttage静止期alleviation减轻，缓和remiion缓解attack发作convalecence(recovery)tage恢复期rehabilitation康复relape 复发uddendeath猝死moribund濒死的equel(equela),aftereffect后遗症therapie治疗方法acupuncturetherapy针刺疗法blocktherapy封闭疗法electrohocktreatment电休克疗法hemodialyi血液透析hyperbarictherapy高压氧疗法inulin-hocktreatment胰岛素休克疗法lighttherapy光疗法therapeuticgymnatic医疗体育。
常用临床医学英文术语
常用临床医学英文术语常用临床医学英文术语diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病communicable diseases 传染病complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases 先天性疾病acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病endemic diseases 地方病epidemic diseases 流行病functional diseases 机能病、官能病infectious diseases 传染病inherited diseases 遗传病malignant diseases恶性病nutritional diseases 营养病occupation diseases 职业病organic diseases 器质性病paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病periodical diseases 周期病primary（principal）diseases原发（主导）病secondary diseases 继发病sexual（venereal, social）diseases 性病terminal diseases 绝症wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主诉clinical manifestation 临床表现delivery history 分娩史etiology病因学family history 家族史history, medical history 病史precipitating（induced）诱因marital status婚姻状况menstrual history 月经史menarche 初潮menopause闭经past history既往史pathogenesis 发病机制personal history 个人史symptoms 症状cardinal symptom 主要症状classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状constitutional（systemic） symptom 全身症状indirect symptom 间接症状induced symptom 诱发症状local symptom 局部症状mental symptom精神症状symptom-complex （syndrome）symptom 综合症，症候群signs体征antecedent 前驱征assident （accessory）副征commemorative 后遗症sign of death 死征diagnostic诊断征sign of disease 病征subjective 自觉征，主观征vein sign静脉征vital sign 生命体征body length （height of the body）身高body weight 体重barrel chest 桶状胸cachexia 恶病质compulsive position 被动体位critical facies 病危面容emaciation 消瘦enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻exophthalmos 眼球突出flushed face 面色潮红gain （loss） in weight 增加（减轻）体重lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动nystagmus 眼震obesity 肥胖pallor 苍白scolisis 脊柱侧凸agitation 焦急不安debility, weakness 虚弱diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗dizziness, vertigo眩晕lassitude, fatigue 无力，倦怠malaise 不适night sweat 盗汗numbness 麻木rigor, chill 寒冷，发冷perspiration, sweating 出汗pruritus, itching 痒，somasthenia 躯体无力tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿acidosis 酸中毒adhesion 粘连alkalosis 碱中毒allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良congestion 充血dehydration 脱水distention 膨胀edema 水肿embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱gangrene 坏疽hematoma 血肿hemorrhage, bleeding 出血infarction 梗塞，梗死infection 传染inflammation 炎症ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒metastasis 转移perforation 穿孔necrosis 坏死shock 休克response 反应，应答reaction 反应，感应thrombosis 血栓形成ulceration 溃疡fever, pyrexia 发烧，发热continuous fever 稽留热intermittent fever 间歇热low-grade fever 低热remittent fever 驰张热relapsing fever 回归热pain 痛burning pain 灼痛chest（flank,…） pain 胸（胁腹…）痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛radiating pain （pain radiating to…）放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）angina 绞痛cardiac angina 心绞痛backache 背痛colic 绞痛，急腹痛earache 耳痛headache 头痛neuralgia 神经痛migraine 偏头痛rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat 咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum 带血的痰cough 咳嗽dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰expectoration of blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息asthma 气喘，哮喘Cheyne Stokes respiration 切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全，呼吸浅表hypoxia 低氧，缺氧orthopnea 端坐呼吸respiratory arrest 呼吸停止suffocation 窒息tachypnea 呼吸急促fetid breath 口臭fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiac arrest 心搏骤停cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大cyanosis 发绀，青紫distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张extrasystole 期外收缩gallop rhythm 奔马律hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia （循环）血容量减少palpitation 心悸tachycardia 心动过速pneumothorax 气胸thrill 震颤absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失dull sound 浊音hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食dysphagia 吞咽困难eructation 嗳气belching 嗳气flatulence 气胀flatus 肠胃气，屁gaseous distention 胃胀气hematemesis 呕血hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆nausea 恶心pyrosis 胃灼热regurgitation 反胃，回流thirsty 口渴vomiting 呕吐anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂ascites 腹水board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘，瘘管hemorrhoid 痔hernia 疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大intussusception 肠套叠jaundice 黄疸muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫peristalsis 蠕动loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失mass peristalsis 总蠕动retrograde （reversed） peristalsis 逆蠕动prolapse 脱垂prolapse of anus 脱肛rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂，脱肛volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石，石biliary calculus 胆结石vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation 便秘defecation 排便diarrhea 腹泻incontinence of feces 大便失禁hematochezia 便血fecal impaction 大便嵌塞occult blood 潜血painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动clay colored stools 陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪，吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools 便少而硬tarry （black） stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿frequency of urination 尿频micturation 排尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿oliguria 少尿polyuria 多尿tenesmus 里急后重vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruia 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿proteinuria 蛋白尿pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭，无月经dysmenorrhea 痛经menorrhagia 月经过多lochia 恶露menorrhea 行经，月经过多menstruation 月经uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点bruise 挫伤，青肿acne 痤疮，粉刺desquamation 脱皮，脱屑ecchymosis 瘀斑loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈nevus 痣papule 丘疹petechia 瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation 色素沉着pustule 脓疱purpura 紫癫red nodule 红结节roseola 玫瑰疹scar 伤疤senile plaque 老人斑spider anaioma 蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节urticaria 荨麻疹vesicle 小水疱vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊impaired vision 视力下降lacrimation 流泪papilledema 视神经乳头水肿photophobia 畏光，羞明retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋hearing loss 听力丧失tinnitus 耳鸣epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding 齿龈出血herpes labialis 唇疱疹，感冒疮Koplik's spots 科普利克斑lead line of the gum 龈铅线salivation, drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩contracture 挛缩deformity 畸形，变形dislocation 脱位fracture 骨折closed （simple）fracture 无创骨折，单纯性骨折comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折compound fracture 哆开（开放性）骨折knock-knee 膝外翻opisthotonos 角弓反张prosthesis 假体spasm 痉挛tetany （肌）强直，手足抽搦wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语ataxia 共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness 知觉，意识convulsion 抽搐，惊厥delirium 谵妄delusion 妄想faint 昏厥hallucination 幻觉hemiplegia 偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高insanity 精神错乱loss of orientation 定向丧失mania 躁狂memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症paraplegia 截瘫，下身麻痹projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, （lethargy）昏睡，嗜睡stupor 木僵，昏呆tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪unconsciousness 失去知觉yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象cerebral （febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……） crisis脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…）危象failure 衰竭，故障central （circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory） failure中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…）衰竭diagnosis 诊断auscultation 听诊inspection 视诊palpation触诊percussion 叩诊laboratory examination 实验室检查physical examination 体格检查rectal （vaginal） touch 直肠（阴道）指诊impression 印象tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断final diagnosis 最后诊断prognosis 预后prescription 处方incubation （latent） period 潜伏期prodromal stage 前驱期incipient stage 初期quiescent stage 静止期alleviation 减轻，缓和remission 缓解attack 发作convalescence （recovery） stage 恢复期rehabilitation 康复relapse 复发sudden death 猝死moribund 濒死的course of the disease 病程course of the treatment 疗程indication 适应症，指征complication 并发症contraindication 禁忌症side-effect 副作用sequel （sequela）, after effect 后遗症therapies 治疗方法acupuncture therapy 针刺疗法block therapy 封闭疗法chemical therpy （chemo-therapy）化学疗法combined therapy 综合疗法conservative therapy 保守疗法constitutional therapy 全身疗法dietetic therapy 饮食疗法operative treatment 手术疗法palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息疗法physical therapy 物理疗法psychotherapy 精神疗法radical treatment 根治radio-therapy 放射性疗法supporting treatment 支持疗法symptomatic treatment对症疗法cardiac massage 心脏按摩cardiac pacing 心脏起博electrotherapy 电疗法electroshock treatment 电休克疗法hemodialysis 血液透析hyperbaric therapy 高压氧疗法insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素休克疗法light therapy 光疗法therapeutic gymnastics 医疗体育。
常用临床医学英文术语
常用临床医学英文术语diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病chronic diseases 慢性病communicable diseases 传染病complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases 先天性疾病acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases 接触性传染病endemic diseases 地方病epidemic diseases 流行病functional diseases 机能病、官能病infectious diseases 传染病inherited diseases 遗传病malignant diseases 恶性病nutritional diseases 营养病occupation diseases 职业病organic diseases 器质性病paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病periodical diseases 周期病主诉primary (principal )diseases 原发(主导)病 secondary diseases 继发病sexual (venereal, social )diseases 性病 terminal diseases 绝症wasting diseases 消耗性疾病 chief complaint clinical manifestation 临床表现delivery history 分娩史etiology 病因学family history 家族史history, medical history 病史precipitating (induced )诱因marital status 婚姻状况menarche 初潮menopause 闭经past history 既往史pathogenesis 发病机制personal history 个人史symptoms 症状cardinal symptom 主要症状classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状constitutional (systemic ) symptom 全身症状indirect symptom 间接症状local symptom 局部症状mental symptom 精神症状symptom-complex ( syndrome )symptom 综合症，症候群signs 体征antecedent 前驱征assident (accessory ) 副征commemorative 后遗症sign of death 死征diagnostic 诊断征身高sign of disease 病征subjective 自觉征，主观征 vein sign 静脉征 vital sign 生命体征 body length (height of the body ) body weight 体重barrel chest 桶状胸cachexia 恶病质compulsive position 被动体位 critical facies 病危面容 emaciation 消瘦enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻exophthalmos 眼球突出flushed face 面色潮红gain （loss ）in weight 增加（减轻）体重lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动nystagmus 眼震obesity 肥胖pallor 苍白scolisis 脊柱侧凸agitation 焦急不安debility, weakness 虚弱diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗dizziness, vertigo眩晕lassitude, fatigue 无力，倦怠malaise 不适night sweat 盗汗numbness 麻木rigor, chill 寒冷，发冷perspiration, sweating 出汗pruritus, itching somasthenia 躯体无力tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿acidosis 酸中毒adhesion 粘连alkalosis 碱中毒allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良congestion 充血dehydration 脱水水电解质紊乱edema 水肿embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成fluid and electrolyte imbalancegangrene 坏疽hematoma 血肿hemorrhage, bleeding 出血infarction 梗塞，梗死infection 传染inflammation 炎症ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒perforation 穿孔necrosis 坏死shock 休克response 反应，应答reaction 反应，感应thrombosis 血栓形成ulceration 溃疡fever, pyrexia 发烧，发热continuous fever 稽留热intermittent fever 间歇热low-grade fever 低热remittent fever 驰张热relapsing fever 回归热pain 痛burning pain 灼痛chest (flank,…)pain 胸(胁腹…)痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛radiati ng pain (pain radiati ng to …)放射性痛(放射至U …疼痛)angina 绞痛cardiac angina 心绞痛backache 背痛colic 绞痛，急腹痛earache 耳痛headache 头痛neuralgia 神经痛migraine 偏头痛rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat 咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum 带血的痰cough 咳嗽dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰expectoration of blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息asthma 气喘，哮喘Cheyne Stokes respiration 切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全，呼吸浅表hypoxia 低氧，缺氧orthopnea 端坐呼吸respiratory arrest 呼吸停止suffocation 窒息tachypnea 呼吸急促fetid breath 口臭fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiac arrest 心搏骤停cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大cyanosis 发绀，青紫distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张extrasystole 期外收缩gallop rhythm 奔马律hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia （循环）血容量减少palpitation 心悸tachycardia 心动过速pneumothorax 气胸thrill 震颤食欲不振，厌食 absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失 dull sound 浊音hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音 anorexia, loss of appetite dysphagia 吞咽困难eructation 嗳气belching 嗳气flatulence 气胀flatus 肠胃气，屁肛裂板状腹gaseous distention 胃胀气hematemesis 呕血hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆nausea 恶心pyrosis 胃灼热regurgitation 反胃，回流thirsty 口渴vomiting 呕吐anal fissure, crack in the anal canalascites 腹水board-like rigidity of the abdomen腹壁肌卫 decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱 exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘，瘘管hemorrhoid 痔hernia 疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大intussusception 肠套叠jaundice 黄疸 muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall peristalsis 蠕动loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失便秘mass peristalsis 总蠕动逆蠕动retrograde ( reversed ) peristalsisprolapse 脱垂prolapse of anus 脱肛rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂，脱肛volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石，石biliary calculus 胆结石vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation defecation 排便diarrhea 腹泻incontinence of feces 大便失禁hematochezia 便血fecal impaction 大便嵌塞occult blood 潜血painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动clay colored stools 陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪，吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools 便少而硬tarry （black ）stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿frequency of urination 尿频micturation 排尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿oliguria 少尿polyuria 多尿tenesmus 里急后重vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruia 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿proteinuria 蛋白尿pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭，无月经dysmenorrhea 痛经menorrhagia 月经过多lochia 恶露menorrhea 行经，月经过多menstruation 月经uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点bruise 挫伤，青肿acne 痤疮，粉刺desquamation 脱皮，脱屑ecchymosis 瘀斑loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈nevus 痣papule 丘疹petechia 瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation 色素沉着pustule 脓疱purpura 紫癫red nodule 红结节roseola 玫瑰疹scar 伤疤senile plaque 老人斑视力模糊spider anaioma 蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节urticaria 荨麻疹vesicle 小水疱vitiligo 白斑 blindness 失明 blurred vision, visual disturbance impaired vision 视力下降lacrimation 流泪papilledema 视神经乳头水肿photophobia 畏光，羞明retinal detachment 视网膜脱离 deafness 聋hearing loss 听力丧失tinnitus 耳鸣epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding 齿龈出血herpes labialis 唇疱疹，感冒疮龈铅线lead line of the gumsalivation, drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩Koplik's spots 科普利克斑contracture 挛缩deformity 畸形，变形dislocation 脱位fracture 骨折无创骨折，单纯性骨折closed （simple ）fracturecomminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折compound fracture 哆开（开放性）骨折knock-knee 膝外翻opisthotonos 角弓反张prosthesis 假体spasm 痉挛tetany （肌）强直，手足抽搦wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语ataxia 共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness 知觉，意识convulsion 抽搐，惊厥delirium 谵妄delusion 妄想faint 昏厥hallucination 幻觉hemiplegia 偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高insanity 精神错乱loss of orientation 定向丧失mania 躁狂memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症paraplegia 截瘫，下身麻痹projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, (lethargy ) 昏睡，嗜睡stupor 木僵，昏呆tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪unconsciousness 失去知觉yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hyperte nsive, thyrotoxic, ...... ) crisis脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…）危象failure 衰竭，故障central （circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory ）failure中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…）衰竭diagnosis 诊断auscultation 听诊inspection 视诊palpation 触诊percussion 叩诊laboratory examination 实验室检查physical examination 体格检查rectal （vaginal ）touch 直肠（阴道）指诊impression 印象tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断final diagnosis 最后诊断prognosis 预后prescription 处方incubation （latent ）period 潜伏期prodromal stage 前驱期incipient stage 初期quiescent stage 静止期alleviation 减轻，缓和remission 缓解attack 发作convalescence (recovery ) stage 恢复期rehabilitation 康复relapse 复发sudden death 猝死moribund 濒死的course of the disease 病程course of the treatment 疗程indication 适应症，指征后遗症 ) 化学疗法complication 并发症contraindication 禁忌症side-effect 副作用sequel （sequela ）, after effect therapies 治疗方法acupuncture therapy 针刺疗法 block therapy 封闭疗法chemical therpy （chemo-therapy combined therapy 综合疗法 conservative therapy 保守疗法 constitutional therapy 全身疗法 dietetic therapy 饮食疗法operative treatment 手术疗法palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息疗法physical therapy 物理疗法psychotherapy 精神疗法radical treatment 根治radio-therapy 放射性疗法supporting treatment 支持疗法symptomatic treatment 对症疗法cardiac massage 心脏按摩cardiac pacing 心脏起博electrotherapy 电疗法electroshock treatment 电休克疗法hemodialysis 血液透析hyperbaric therapy 高压氧疗法insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素休克疗法light therapy 光疗法therapeutic gymnastics 医疗体育感谢下载!欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考。
临床医学概要名词解释
临床医学概要名词解释临床医学是指通过临床实践和研究，运用科学的方法对医学知识和技术进行应用，以诊断、治疗和预防疾病的学科。
下面是一些临床医学中常见的术语的解释。
1. 诊断：通过分析患者的症状、体征和实验室检查等信息，确定患者患病的性质和原因。
2. 治疗：基于诊断结果，采用药物、手术、放疗、物理疗法等方法来消除或缓解患者的疾病症状和体征。
3. 预防：采取措施防止疾病的发生，包括免疫接种、健康教育和生活习惯等。
4. 病史：患者的病情描述，包括病因、病程、病理变化等。
5. 症状：患者主观感受到的异常体验，如疼痛、乏力等。
6. 体征：医生在体检过程中观察到的异常征象，如发热、黄疸等。
7. 实验室检查：通过对患者的血液、尿液、组织等样本进行化学、免疫学、微生物学等检测，来辅助诊断和了解疾病的程度和进展。
8. 影像学检查：通过X光、CT、MRI等技术对患者进行体内器官和组织的成像，以帮助诊断和治疗。
9. 病理学：通过对患者组织和器官进行取材、切片和染色等技术，来研究和诊断疾病的性质和发展。
10. 药物治疗：使用药物来治疗疾病，包括抗生素、抗癌药物、抗炎药物等。
11. 手术治疗：通过外科手术来治疗疾病，包括切除肿瘤、修复器官等。
12. 放疗：使用放射线来破坏肿瘤细胞，达到治疗癌症的目的。
13. 门诊：患者在医院的门诊部接受医生的诊断和治疗，不需要住院。
14. 住院：患者需要在医院内接受全天候的医疗护理和治疗。
15. 术前检查：在手术前进行的各种检查，以确保患者适合进行手术。
16. 术后护理：对手术患者进行的护理和观察，包括饮食、伤口处理、药物管理等。
17. 护理记录：护士对患者的病情观察和处理的记录，对患者的护理提供依据和参考。
18. 康复：通过物理治疗、康复训练等方法，帮助患者迅速康复，恢复日常生活能力。
19. 传染病：由病原体引起的疾病，在人群中传播容易。
20. 非传染病：不通过接触传染，由遗传因素、环境和生活方式等因素引起的疾病。
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简明病历书写手册（英汉对照）郭航远编著目录第一章病人身份第二章主诉第三章现病史第四章过去史、系统回统和个人史第五章月经、婚姻、生育史和家族史第六章体检（一般项目）第七章体检（头颈部）第八章体检（胸腹部）第九章体检（神经、骨骼和肌肉）第十章体检（泌尿生殖道与其他）第十一章标准化病人体检项目第十二章实验室检查第十三章辅助检查第十四章诊断（疾病名称）第十五章常用医嘱术语第十六章常用药物及中草药第十七章住院文书格式第十八章附录附1、常用解剖术语附2、医学英语常用前后缀附3、医学英语的特征附4、医学英语常用短语附5、英语问诊常用句子附6、医学英语缩写一览表附7、医院日常用品和设备附8、医学院和医院相关名称前言随着我国加入WTO，医疗体制发生了革命性的改变。
随着改革开放的深入，外国投资和管理的医院将不断涌现，中外医学交流也日趋频繁，出国学习、进修和援外医疗队的医务人员逐年增多，这就要求医生具有正确书写英文病历的能力。
目前，国内供临床医生完成英文病历的参考书很少。
签于此，编著者根据美国罗马琳达大学的病历书写要求，结合十余年的国内外工作经验（编者所在的邵逸夫医院是一所由美国专家管理的、与国际接轨的新型综合性医院，有十余年的英文病历书写实践），并参阅一些国内外的相关文献，编写了本手册。
本手册按病历书写的顺序进行编写，采用英中对照写法，内容详尽，条理清晰，形式新颖，适用于临床医生、出国人员、实习生和医学院校的学生。
在本手册的编写过程中，得到了美国罗马琳达大学医学院和日本福井大学医学院和邵逸夫医院领导的关心和支持。
谨以此书献给我的老师、同事、朋友和家人。
第一章病人身份[Identification]·[Name] 姓名·[Sex] 性别·[Age] 年龄·[Occupation] 职业·[Date of birth] 出生日期·[Marriage （Marital status）] 婚姻·[Race] 民族·[Place of birth (Birth place)] 籍贯·[Identification No.(code of ID card No.)] 身份证号码·[Department of work and TEL. No. (Unit and Business phone No.)] 工作单位及电话·[Home address and phone No.] 家庭住址及电话·[Post code] 邮政编码·[Person to notify (Correspondent) and phone No.] 联系人及电话·[Source (Complainer;offerer;supplier;provider) of history] 病史陈术者·[Reliability of history] 病史可靠程试·[Medical security (Type of payment)] 医疗费用·[Type of admission (Patient condition)] 住院类别（入院时病情）·[Medical record No.] 病历号·[Clinic diagnosis] 门诊诊断·[Date of admission (admission date)] 入院日期·[Date of record] 记录日期1、年龄的表示方法（以36岁为例）·36 years old (y/o)·Age 36·36 year-old·The age of 36·36 years of age2、性别的表示方法·[Male,♂] 男性·[Female,♀] 女性3、职业的表示方法·工人[Worker]·退休工作[Retired worker]·农民[Farmer (peasant)]·干部[Leader (cadre)]·行政人员[administrative personnel (staff)]·职员[staff member]·商人[Trader (Businessman)]·教师[Teacher]·学生[Student]·医生[Doctor]·药剂师[Pharmacist]·护士[Nurse]·军人[Soldier]·警察[Policeman]·工程师[Engineer]·技术员[Technician]·家政人员[Housekeeper]·家庭主妇[Housewife]·营业员[Assistant]·服务员[Attendant]·售票员[Conductor]4、民族的表示方法·汉[Han]·回[Hui]·蒙[Meng]·藏[Tibetan]·朝鲜[Korean]·美国人[American]·日本人[Japanese]·英国人[Britisher]5、医疗费用的表示方法·[Self pay (Individual medical care)] 自费·[Government insruance (Public medical care)] 公费·[Insurance] 保险·[Local insurance] 本地医保·[Non-local in surance] 外地医保·[Labor protestion care] 劳保6、婚姻状况的表示方法·[Married] 已婚·[Single (Unmarried)] 未婚·[Diverced] 离婚·[Widow] 寡妇·[Widower] 鳏夫7、病史可靠程度的表示方法·[Reliable] 可靠·[Unreliable] 不可靠·[Not entirely] 不完全可靠·[Unobtainable] 无法获得8、住址的表示方法·[NO.3,Qing Chun Road East,Hangzhou, Zhejiang] 浙江省杭州市庆春东路3号·[XinDong Cun, Cheng Guan Town, Zhu Ji municipality, zhejiang province.] 浙江省诸暨市（县）城关镇新东村9、病史陈述者的表示方法·[Patient himself (herself)] 患者本人·[Her husband] 患者的丈夫·[His wife] 患者的妻子·[Patient`s colleague] 患者的同事·[Patient`s neighbor] 患者的邻居·[Patient`s Kin (Mother; Son; daughter;brother;Sister)] 患者的亲属(父亲、母亲、儿子、女儿、兄弟、姐妹)·[Taximan] 出租车司机·[Traffic police] 交通警察10、日期的表示方法·2002年10月1日[10-1-2002(10/1/2002; Oct.1,2002; Oct.lst,2002)](美国)·2002年10月1日[1-10-2002(1/10/2002; 1 Oct.,2002; 1st of Oct.,2002)] (英国)11、住院类别的表示方法·[Emergent (Emergency call)] 急诊·[Urgent] 危重·[Elective (General)] 一般（普通）12、入院时病情的表示方法·[Stable] 稳定·[Unstable] 不稳定·[Relative stable] 相对稳定·[Critical (Imminent)] 危重·[Fair (General)] 一般第二章主诉[Chief Complaint]1、主诉的表示方法：症状+时间（Symptom+Time）·症状+for+时间如：[Chest pain for 2 hours] 胸痛2小时·症状+of+时间如：[Nausea and vomiting of three days` duration] 恶心呕吐3天·症状+时间+in duration如：[Headache 1 month in duration] 头痛1月·时间+of+症状如：[Two-day history of fever] 发热2天2、常见症状·[Fever] 发热·[Pain] 疼痛·[Edema] 水肿·[Mucocutaneous hemorrhage (bleeding)] 皮肤粘膜出血·[Dyspnea (Difficuly in breathing;Respiratory difficulty;short of breath)] 呼吸困难·[Cough and expectoration (Sputum;Phlegm)] 咳嗽和咯痰·[Hemoptysis] 咯血·[Cyanosis] 紫绀·[Palpitation] 心悸·[Chest discomfort] 胸闷·[Nausea (Retch;Dry V omiting)and V omiting] 恶心和呕吐·[Hematemesis (V omiting of blood)] 呕血·[Hematochezia (Hemafecia)] 便血·[Diarrhea] 腹泻·[Constipation (Obstipation)] 便秘·[Vertigo (Giddiness; Dizziness)] 眩晕·[Jaundice (Icterus)] 黄疸·[Convulsion] 惊厥·[Disturbance of consciousness] 意识障碍·[Hematuria] 血尿·[Frequent micturition,urgent micturition and dysuria] 尿频，尿急和尿痛·[Incontinence of urine] 尿失禁·[Retention of urine] 尿潴留（1）发热的表示方法·[Infective (Septic)fever] 感染性发热·[Non-infective (Aseptic)fever] 非感染性发热·[Dehydration (Inanition)fever] 脱水热·[Drug fever] 药物热·[Functional hypothermia] 功能性低热·[Absorption fever] 吸收热·[Central fever] 中枢性发热·[Fever type] 热型▲[Continuous fever] 稽留热▲[Remittent fever]驰张热▲[Intermittent fever] 间歇热▲ [Undulant fever] 波状热▲ [Recurrent fever]回归热▲[Periodic fever] 周期热▲ [Irregular fever]不规则热▲[Ephemeral fever]短暂热▲[Double peaked fever]双峰热·[Fever of undetermined(unknown) origin, FUO] 不明原因发热·[Rigor (shivering;chill;shaking chill;ague)] 寒战·[Chilly Sensation (Fell chilly;cold fits;coldness)] 畏寒·[Ultra-hyperpyrexia] 超高热·[Hyperthermia (A high fever;hyperpyrexia;ardent fever)] 高热·[Moderate fever] 中度发热·[Hypothermia (Low-grade fever;slight fever;subfebrile temperature)] 低热·[Become feverish (Have a temperature)] 发热·[Crisis] 骤降·[Lysis] 渐降·[Typhoid fever] 伤寒热·[Rheumatic fever] 风湿热·[Cancerous fever] 癌性发热·[Fervescence period] 升热期·[Defervescence period] 退热期·[Persistent febrile period] 持续发热期（2）疼痛的表示方法·[Backache (Back pain)] 背痛·[Lumbago] 腰痛·[Headache] 头痛▲ [Vasomotor headache] 血管舒缩性头痛▲[Post-traumatic headache] 创伤后头痛▲[Migraine headache]偏头痛▲ [Cluster headache] 丛集性头痛·[Chest pain] 胸痛·[Precardial pain] 心前区痛·[Retrosternal pain] 胸骨后痛·[Abdominal pain (Stomachache)] 腹痛·[Acrodynia (pain in limbs)] 肢体痛·[Arthrodynia (Arthralgia)] 关节痛·[Dull pain] 钝痛·[Sharp pain] 锐痛·[Twinge pain] 刺痛·[Knife-like pain (Piercing pain)] 刀割（刺）样痛·[Aching pain] 酸痛·[Burning pain] 烧灼痛·[Colicky (Griping;cramp) pain] 绞痛·[Colic] 绞痛·[Bursting pain] 胀痛（撕裂痛）·[Hunger pain] 饥饿痛·[Tic pain] 抽搐痛·[Bearing-down pain] 坠痛·[Shock-like pain] 电击样痛·[Jumping pain] 反跳痛·[Tenderness pain] 触痛（压痛）·[Girdle-like pain] 束带样痛·[Wandering pain] 游走性痛·[Throbbing pain] 搏动性痛·[Radiating pain] 放射性痛·[Cramping pain] 痉挛性痛·[Boring pain] 钻痛·[Intense pain] 剧痛·[Writhing pain] 痛得打滚·[Dragging pain] 牵引痛·[Labor pain] 阵痛·[Cancerous pain] 癌性疼痛·[Referred pain] 牵涉痛·[Persistent pain (Unremitting pain)] 持续性痛·[Constant pain] 经常性痛·[Intermittent pain] 间歇性痛（3）水肿的表示方法·[Mucous edema (Myxedema)] 粘液性水肿·[Cardiac (Cardiogenic) edema] 心源性水肿·[Nephrotic (renal) edema] 肾源性水肿·[Hepatic edema] 肝源性水肿·[Alimentary (Nutritional) edema] 营养不良性水肿·[Angioneurotic edema] 血管神经性水肿·[Pitting] 凹陷性·[Nonpitting] 非凹陷性·[Localized (Local) edema] 局限性水肿·[Generalized edema (Anasarca)] 全身性水肿·[Hydrops] 积水·[Elephantiasic crus] 橡皮肿·[Cerebral(Brain) edema] 脑水肿·[Pulmonary edema (Hydropneumonia0] 肺水肿·[Hydrocephalus] 脑积水·[Edema of endoscrinopathy] 内分泌病性水肿·[Invisible (Recessive) edema] 隐性水肿·[Frank edema] 显性水肿·[Inflammatory edema] 炎性水肿·[Idiopathic edema] 特发性水肿·[Cyclical edema] 周期性水肿·[Ascites (Abdominal effusion;hydroperiotoneum)] 腹水·[Pleural effusion (Hydrothorax)] 胸水·[Pericardial effusion (Hydropericardium)] 心包积液·[Bronchoedema] 支气管水肿·[Slight (Mild)] 轻度·[Moderate] 中度·[Serious] 重度·[Transudate] 漏出液·[Exudate] 渗出液（4）呼吸困难的表示方法·[Cardiac dyspnea] 心原性呼吸困难·[Inspiratory] 吸气性·[Expiratory] 呼气性·[Mixed] 混合性·[Obstructive] 梗阻性·[Dyspnea at rest] 静息时呼吸困难·[Dyspnea on exertion] 活动时呼吸困难·[Dyspnea on lying down] 躺下时呼吸困难·[Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea,PND] 夜间阵发性呼吸困难·[Orthopnea] 端坐呼吸·[Asthma] 哮喘·[Cardiac asthma] 心源性哮喘·[Bronchial asthma] 支气管性哮喘·[Hyperpnea] 呼吸深快·[Periodic breathing] 周期性呼吸·[Tachypnea (Rapid or fast breathing;accelerated breathing;short of breath)]气促·[Bradypnea (Slow breathing)] 呼吸缓慢·[Irregular breathing] 不规则呼吸（5）皮肤粘膜出血的表示方法·[Bleeding spots in the skin] 皮肤出血点·[Petechia] 瘀点·[Eccymosis] 瘀斑·[Purpura] 紫癜·[Splinter hemorrhage] 片状出血·[Oozing of the blood (Errhysis)] 渗血·[Blood blister (Hemophysallis)] 血疱·[Hemorrhinia (Nasal bleeding)] 鼻衄·[Ecchymoma] 皮下血肿（6）咳嗽与咯痰的表示方法·[Dry cough (Nonproductive cough;hacking cough)] 干咳·[Sharp cough] 剧咳·[Wet cough (Moist cough)] 湿咳·[Productive cough (Loose cough)] 排痰性咳·[Chronic cough] 慢性咳嗽·[Irritable cough] 刺激性咳嗽·[Paroxysmal cough] 发作性（阵发性）咳嗽·[Cough continually] 持续性咳嗽·[Spasmodic cough] 痉挛性咳嗽·[Whooping cough] 百日咳·[Winter cough] 冬季咳·[Wheezing cough] 喘咳·[Short cough] 短咳·[Distressed cough] 难咳·[Shallow cough] 浅咳·[Droplet] 飞沫·[Frothy sputum] 泡沫样痰·[Bloody sputum] 血痰·[Mucous (Mucoid) sputum] 粘液样痰·[Purulent sputum] 脓痰·[Mucopurulent sputum] 粘液脓性痰·[White (Yellow,green) sputum] 白（黄,绿）痰·[Fetid (Foul) sputum] 恶臭痰·[Iron-rust (Rusty) sputum] 铁锈色痰·[Chocolate coloured sputum] 巧克力色痰·[Thick sputum] 浓痰·[Thin sputum] 淡痰·[Viscous sputum] 粘痰·[Transparent sputum] 透明痰·[Much (Large amounts of) sputum] 大量痰·[Moderate amounts of sputum] 中等量痰·[Not much (Small amounts of ) sputum] 少量痰（7）内脏出血的表示方法·[Goldstein’s hemoptysis]戈耳斯坦氏咯血·[Massive hematemesis]大量呕血·[Epistasis (Nosebleed;Nasal bleeding; Hemorrhinia;rhinorrhagia)]鼻衄·[Hematuria] 血尿·[Initial hematuria] 初血尿·[Idiopathic hematuria] 特发性血尿·[Painless hematuria] 无痛性血尿·[Terminal hematuria] 终末性血尿·[Gross (Macroscopic) hematuria] 肉眼血尿·[Microscopic hematuria] 镜下血尿·[Hematuria in the whole process of urination] 全程血尿·[Gingival bleeding (Ulaemorrhagia;gum bleeding)] 牙龈出血·[Hematochezia] 便血·[Bloody stool] 血便·[Black stool (Melena)] 黑便·[Tarry stool] 柏油样便·[Bleeding following trauma] 外伤后出血·[Spontaneous bleeding] 自发性出血·[Bleeding Continuously] 持续出血·[Occult blood,OB] 隐血·[Hematobilia] 胆道出血·[Hemathorax] 血胸·[Hemarthrosis] 关节积血·[Hematocoelia] 腹腔积血·[Hematoma] 血肿·[Hemopericardium] 心包积血·[Cerebral hemorrhage] 脑出血·[Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)] 蛛网膜下腔出血·[Excessive (Heavy) menstrual flow with passage of clots] 月经量多伴血块·[Mild (Moderate) menses] 月经量少（中等）·[Painless Vaginal bleeding] 无痛性阴道出血·[Postcoital bleeding] 性交后出血·[Pulsating bleeding] 搏动性出血·[Post-operation wound hemorrhage] 术后伤口出血·[Excessive bleeding after denal extraction] 拔牙后出血过多（8）紫绀的表示方法·[Congenital cyanosis] 先天性紫绀·[Enterogenous] 肠源性·[Central] 中枢性·[Peripheral] 周围性·[Mixed] 混合性·[Acrocyanosis] 指端紫绀（9）恶心与呕吐的表示方法·[V omiturition (Retching)] 干呕·[Feel nauseated] 恶心感·[Postprandial nausea] 饭后恶心·[Hiccup] 呃逆·[Sour regurgitation] 返酸·[Fecal (Stercoraceous) vomiting] 吐粪·[undigested food V omiting] 吐不消化食物·[Bilious V omiting] 吐胆汁（10）腹泻与便秘的表示方法·[Moning diarrhea] 晨泻·[Watery (Liquid)diarrhea] 水泻·[Mucous diarrhea] 粘液泻·[Fatty diarrhea] 脂肪泻·[Chronic (Acute)] 慢性（急性）·[Mild diarrhea] 轻度腹泻·[Intractable (Uncontrolled)diarrhea] 难治性腹泻·[Protracted diarrhea] 迁延性腹泻·[Bloody stool] 血梗·[Frothy stool] 泡沫样便·[Formless (Formed)stool] 不成形（成形）便·[Loose (Hard) stool] 稀（硬）便·[Rice-water stool] 米泔样便·[Undigested stool] 不消化便·[Dysenteric diarrhea] 痢疾样腹泻·[Inflammatory diarrhea] 炎症性腹泻·[Osmotic] 渗透性·[Secretory] 分泌性·[Malabsorption] 吸收不良性·[Lienteric] 消化不良性·[Pancreatic diarrhea] 胰性腹泻·[Tenesmus] 里急后重·[Pass a stool (Have a passage; open or relax the bowel)] 解大便·[Have a call of nature] 便意·[Fecal incontinence (Copracrasia)] 大便失禁·[Functional constipation] 功能性便秘·[Organic constipation] 器质性便秘·[Habitual constipation] 习惯性便秘·[Have a tendency to be constipated] 便秘倾向（11）黄疸的表示方法·[Latent (occult) jaundice] 隐性黄疸·[Clinical jaundice] 显性黄疸·[Nuclear icterus] 核黄疸·[Physiologic icterus] 生理性黄疸·[Icterus simplex] 传染性黄疸·[Toxemic icterus] 中毒性黄疸·[Hemolytic] 溶血性·[Hepatocellular] 肝细胞性·[Obstructive] 阻塞性·[Congenital] 先天性·[Familial] 家族性·[Cholestatic] 胆汁淤积性·[Hematogenous] 血源性·[Malignant] 恶性·[Painless] 无痛性（12）意识障碍的表示方法·[Somnolence] 嗜睡·[Confusion] 意识模糊·[Stupor] 昏睡·[Coma] 昏迷·[Delirium] 谵妄·[Syncope (swoon; faint)] 晕厥·[Drowsiness] 倦睡（13）排尿的表示方法·[Enuresis (Bed-wetting)] 遗尿·[Anuria] 无尿·[Emiction interruption] 排尿中断·[Interruption of urinary stream] 尿线中断·[Nocturia] 夜尿·[Oliguria] 少尿·[Polyuria] 多尿·[Pass water (Make water; urinate; micturition)] 排尿·[Frequent micturition (Frequency of micturition; fruquent urination;Pollakiuria)] 尿频·[Urgent micturition (Urgency of urination or micturition)] 尿急·[Urodynia (Pain on micturition; painful micturition;alginuresis; micturition pain)] 尿痛·[Dysuria (Difficulty in micturition; disturbance of micturition)] 排尿困难·[Small urinary stream] 尿线细小·[V oid with a good stream] 排尿通畅·[Guttate emiction (Dribbling following urination;terminal dribbling)] 滴尿·[Bifurcation of urination] 尿流分叉·[Residual urine] 残余尿·[Extravasation of urine] 尿外渗·[Stress incontinence] 压力性尿失禁·[Overflow incontinence] 溢出性尿失禁·[Paradoxical in continence] 反常性尿失禁3．少见症状·[Weekness( Debility; asthenia; debilitating)] 虚弱（无力）·[Fatigue (Tire; lassitude)] 疲乏·[Discomfort (Indisposition; malaise)] 不适·[Wasting (thin; underweight; emaciation; lean)] 消瘦·[Night sweating] 盗汗·[Sweat (Perspiration)] 出汗·[Cold sweat] 冷汗·[Pruritus (Iching)] 搔痒·[Asthma] 气喘·[Squeezing (Tightness; choking; pressing) sensation of the chest] 胸部紧缩（压榨）感·[Intermittent claudication] 间歇性跛行·[Difficulty in swallowing( Dysphagia; difficult swallowing; acataposis)] 吞咽困难·[Epigastric (Upper abdominal) discomfort] 上腹部不适·[Anorexia (Sitophobia)] 厌食·[Poor appetite (Loss of appetite)] 纳差·[Heart-burn( Pyrosis)] 胃灼热·[Stomachache( Pain in stomach)] 胃部痛·[Periumbilial pain] 脐周痛·[Belching (Eructation)] 嗳气·[Sour regurgitation] 返酸·[Abdominal distention(bloating)] 腹胀·[Pass gas( Break wink)] 肛门排气·[Small(Large) stool] 大便少（多）·[Expel(Pass) worms] 排虫·[Pain over the liver] 肝区痛·[Lumbago] 腰痛·[Pica(Parorexia; allotriophagy)] 异食癖·[Dysmenorrhea] 痛经·[Menoxenia (Irregular menstruation)] 月经不调·[Polymenorrhea (Epimenorrhea)] 月经过频·[Oligomenorrhea] 月经过少·[Excessive menstruation (Menorrhagia;menometrorrhagia; hypermenorrhea)] 经量过多·[Hypomenorrhea (Scantymenstruation)] 经量过少·[Menopause (Menostasia; menostasis)] 绝经·[Amenorrhea (Menoschesis)] 闭经·[Leukorrhagia] 白带过多·[Asexuality (lack of libido)] 无性欲·[Hyposexuality] 性欲低下·[Hypersexuality] 性欲亢进·[Prospermia (Ejaculatio praecox)] 早泄·[Impotency (impotence)] 阳萎·[Nocturnal emission (Spermatorrhea)] 遗精·[Lack of potency] 无性交能力·[Hair loss] 脱发·[Joint pain (Arthralgia; arthrodynia)] 关节痛·[Polydipsia (Excessive thirst)] 多饮（烦渴）·[Polyphagia (Excessive appetite; hyperorexia; bulimia)] 多食·[Cold (Heat) intolerance] 怕冷（热）·[Dwarfism (Excessive height)] 身材矮小（高大）·[Excessive sweating] 多汗·[Hands tremble] 手抖·[Obesity (Fatty)] 肥胖·[Agitation (Anxiety;nervous irritability)] 焦虑（忧虑）·[Mania] 躁狂·[Hallucination] 幻觉·[Aphasia (Logopathy)] 失语·[Amnesia (Poor memorization;memory deterioration)] 记忆力下降·[Hemianesthesia] 偏身麻木·[Formication] 蚁走感·[Tingling] 麻刺感·[Hyperpathia] 痛觉过敏·[Hypalgesia] 痛觉减退·[Illusion] 错觉·[Hemiplegia] 半身不遂·[Insomnia (Poor sleepness;sleeplessness)] 失眠·[Nightmare] 多梦·[Numbness] 麻木·[Pain in limbs (Acrodynia)] 肢体痛·[Limitation of motion] 活动受限·[Tetany] 手足抽搐·[Discharge of pus] 流脓·[Blurred vision(Hazy vision;blurring of vision; dimness of vision)]视物模糊·[Burning (Dry) sensation] 烧灼（干燥）感·[Tearing (Dacryorrhea;Lacrimation)] 流泪·[Double vision (Diplopia)] 复视·[Strabismus] 斜视·[Hemianopia] 偏盲·[Tired eyes (Eyestrain)] 眼疲劳·[Foreign body sensation] 异物感·[Lose the sight (Lose of vision)] 失明·[Diminution of vision] 视力减退·[Nictition] 眨眼·[Ophthalmodynia (Eye-ache;ocular pain)] 眼痛·[Photophobia] 畏光·[Spots before the eyes] 眼前黑点·[Deafness(Anacusia)] 耳聋·[Auditory dysesthesia] 听力减退·[Otalgia (Otodynia;pain in the ear ;ear-ache)] 耳痛·[Stuffy feeling in the ear] 耳闭气·[Tinnitus] 耳鸣·[Outophony] 自声过强·[Nasal obstruction (blockage)] 鼻塞·[Dryness of the nose] 鼻干燥·[Rhinorrhea (Snivel;Nasal discharge)] 流鼻涕·[Sneezing] 打喷嚏·[Snoring] 打鼾·[Hyposmia (Reduction of the sense of smell)] 嗅觉减退·[Anosmia (Complete loss of sense of smell)] 嗅觉丧失·[Dysphonia] 发音困难·[Hoarseness] 声嘶·[Pain on swallowing] 吞咽痛·[Saliva dribblies from the mouth] 流涎·[Troaty voice] 声音沙哑·[Stridor] 喘鸣·[Red and swollen] 红肿·[Scurf] 头皮屑·[Show] 见红·[Amniotic fluid escaped] 破水·[Uterine contraction] 宫缩·[Acalculia] 计算不能·[Apathy] 情感淡漠·[Delusion] 妄想4、时间的表示方法（1）月（Month）·[January,Jan.] 一月·[February,Feb.] 二月·[March,Mar.] 三月·[April,Apr.] 四月·[May] 五月·[June,Jun.] 六月·[July,Jul.] 七月·[August,Aug.] 八月·[September,Sept.] 九月·[October,Oct.] 十月·[November,Nov.] 十一月·[December,Dec.] 十二月（2）周（Week）·[Monday] 星期一·[Tuesday] 星期二·[Wednesday] 星期三·[Thursday] 星期四·[Friday] 星期五·[Saturday] 星期六·[Sunday] 星期日（3）年（Year）和日[Day]·[1st (First) year] 第1年·[2nd (Second) year] 第2年·[3rd (Third)year] 第3年·[4th (Forth) year] 第4年·[One year (day)] 1年（天）·[Two years (days)] 2年（天）·[Whole year] 整年·[1st (First)] 1日·[2rd (Second)] 2日·[3rd (Third)] 3日·[5th (Fifth)] 5日·[Today] 今天·明天[Tomorrow]·昨天[Yesterday]·前天[The day bdfore yesterday]·后天[The day after tomorrow]·大前天[3 days ago]·大后天[3 days hence]·今晚[Tonight]·昨晚[Last night]·明晚[Next night]·通宵[All night]·整天[All day (the whole day)]（4）季节[Season]和时节[Solar terms]·春季[Spring]·夏季[Summer]·秋季[Autumn]·冬季[Winter]·立春（夏、秋、冬）[the Beginning of Spiring (Summer;Autumn;Winter)]·小暑（雪、寒）[Slight Heat (Snow;Cold)]·大暑（雪、寒）[Great Heat (Snow;Cold)]·雨水[Rain Water]·惊蛰[the Waking of Insects]·春（秋）分[the Spiring (Autumnal) Equinox]·清明[Pure Brightness]·谷雨[Grain Rain]·小满[Grain Full]·芒种[Grain in Ear]·夏（冬至）[the Summer (Winter) Solstice]·处暑[the Limit of Heat]·白（寒）露[White (Cold) Dew]·霜降[Frost’s Descent]（5）时间的表示方法·In[在……内（后）]▲在2003年[In 2003]▲在3月[In March(Mar.)]▲在去年10月[In last Oct.]▲在早晨[In the morning]▲在上午[In the forenoon]▲在下午[In the afternoon]▲在晚上[In the evening]▲在近5天[In the past 5 days]▲在10分钟后[In 10 minutes]▲在秋季[In autumn]▲在这2～3天内[In a couple of days]·Within[在……中]▲在近8个月中[Within the last 8 months]▲在过去的2年中[Within the preceding 2 years] ·On[在……时候]▲在2002的9月18日[On the 18th of September,2002(英国)or On sept.18th,2002(美国) ▲在星期三[On Wednesday]▲在本月7日[On 7th instant]·At[在……时]▲在中午[At noon]▲在晚上[At night]▲在昨晚[At last (preceding;previous )night]▲在半夜[At midnight]▲在上午10点钟[At 10AM]▲在5岁时[At the age of five]▲在2000年底（中、初）[At the end (middle;beginning) of 2000]·For[计……时间]▲一周[For one week]▲近2个月来[For the past 2 months]▲几乎（整整）一年[For nearly a month (a full month)]▲3个月左右[For 3 months or so]▲至少3个月[For at least 3 months]▲3个月以上[For more than 3 months]▲3个月或以上[For 3months or more]▲时间不详[For an unknown(indefinite) period (time)]·Of[在……时期]▲10年内[Of 10 years` duration]▲期间[Length of time]▲6月6日[The 6th of June]·Dring[在……期间]▲在2000-2005年的几年中[During the years form 2000 to 2005]▲在这4年中[During four years]▲在过去的几周中[During the past(Last) couple of weeks]▲在夜间[During the night]▲整天[During the entire day]·About [约]▲约1个半小时[About one and half an hour]▲大约半年[About half a year]·To[至；在……之前]▲从今下午点至明上午8点[Form 6 PM today to 8 AM tomorrow]▲6点45分[At fifteen to seven]·From[从……起]▲从14岁至52岁[From 14 to 52 year-old]▲从上午7点30分开始[Form 7:30AM]▲从周一至周五[From Monday through Friday] ·Past[过去；超过]▲在过去的3周中[In the past 3 weeks]▲8点10分[ten minutes past eight] ·Through or throughout[在……整个期间]▲通宵值班[Be on duty through the night]▲从一月到六月[From January through June]▲熬过明晚[Through the next nigut]▲整天（晚）[Throughout the day (night)] ·Over[在……期间]▲在过去的2个月内[Over the past two months]▲一夜间[Overnight]（6）其他表示方法·每月（年、日）一次[Monthly (Yearly; daily)]·整整一年[Yearlong (Year-round)]·满周岁[Yearling]·工作日[Weekday]·周末[Weekend]·每周末[Weekends]·8小时工作日[An eight-hour day]·整天[Daylong]·白天[Daytime]·昼夜[Nighttime]·日常的[Day-to-day]·夏令时间[Daylight saving time]·每晚[Nightly]·黄昏[Nighfall]·过期的[Overdue]·前天晚上（一夜间）[Overnight]·After [在……之后]▲婚后[After one`s marriage]▲七点十分[Ten after (past) seven]▲住（出）院后[After admission(discharge)]▲起病后2天[2 days after theonset(attack) of symptoms]·Before[在……之前]▲7点50分之前[Before seven fifty]▲医生到达前[Before the doctor come]▲以前未有种症状[Have had not the samesymptom before]·Ago[以前]▲5年前[5 years ago]▲直到一个月前[Up to one month ago]▲大前天[Three days ago]·Prior to[在……之前]▲入（出）院前[Prior to admission(discharge)]▲前天之前[Prior to the day beforeyesterday]·Up to[直到]▲直到3周前[Up to 3 weeks ago]▲直到现在（出院）[Up to now (discharge)]·Until or till[直到]▲直到80岁[Until 80 years old]▲直到今晨8点[Until 8 o`clock thismoning]▲直到医生查完房[Until the doctor havefinished the ward round]▲直到3年以前[Until 3 years ago]▲直到出院前一天[Until 1 day prior todischarge]·By[在……之前]▲下午点钟前[By 5 PM]▲下个月之前[By next month]·Since[从……开始]▲自从去年术后[Since operation wasperformed last year]▲前天起[Since the day before yesterday]▲从2002年6月起[Since June 2002]·超时(加班)[Overtime]·上午8点[8：00AM]·下午2点30分[2：30PM]·7点50分[Seven fifty (Ten to eight)]·9点20分[Nine twenty(Twenty past or after nine)]·术前[Pre-operation]·术后[Post-operation]第三章现病史[History of present illness (HPI/PI)]现病史书写的重点包括：一、主诉中症状的详细描述；二、疾病的发展过程；三、诊疗经过；四、目前的一般情况。