2024中考英语新题型：科技发明创造

2024中考英语新题型：科技发明创造
一、完形填空
（2023上·安徽淮北·九年级淮北市第二中学校联考期中）Compass (罗盘) brings a lot to
(指针) which always points to the south. Tourists and sailors (船员) always use it a lot.
First compass was invented in China between the 2nd century BC and 1st century AD．It’s said that a farmer wrote down all he had found. In his 4 , some rocks stuck to all the iron (铁) objects. He felt very 5 , because he never saw it. After that, people found magnetite (磁铁石) can point to the same 6 if it was hung up. They found the ladle (柄) of a compass pointed south 7 . Ancient Chinese used it to find places. They started to use it for sailing (航海) in the eleventh century. There was no 8 that people depended on it very much.
First compasses were made of lodestone (磁石), but later a magnetized steel needle is used as its 9 part. It arrived in Europe until between 12th and 13th century. Later, it’s also 10 to be used in other ways like space.
1．A．project B．invention C．condition D．change 2．A．luckily B．loudly C．correctly D．patiently 3．A．instrument B．example C．action D．magician 4．A．dream B．order C．result D．note 5．A．bored B．relaxed C．surprised D．serious 6．A．direction B．introduction C．instruction D．situation 7．A．so far B．In the end C．all the time D．from time to time 8．A．interest B．doubt C．need D．rush 9．A．general B．main C．simple D．light 10．A．wrong B．sudden C．quick D．direct
二、（2023上·山东青岛·九年级统考期中）阅读下面的短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D
四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Scientists at the University of Liverpool (UL) have developed a robot that can do experiments (实验) on its own. The robot works almost all the time, stopping only long enough to recharge its batteries (充电). The robot 11 nearly 700 experiments in eight days.
It’s not new to use robots to do experiments. But earlier robots usually 12 the same job in one place over and over again. The UL robot is the opposite of that. The robot is similar in size to a human. 13 it weighs much more than most people—882 pounds, it’s able to move around in the same kind of space as humans do.
Dr. Burger says it 14 a lot of hard work to program the robot so that it can do things without making mistakes. That’s 15 because it’s meant to run for days without people’s help. When the programming is done, Dr. Burger says the robot makes 16 mistakes than a human.
To test their robot, the scientists gave it a challenge—find a 17 that was good at producing hydrogen from water, using light.
The UL robot isn’t cheap, and it costs about $125,000. It sounds expensive, but after the scientists compared it 18 other machines in the laboratory, they thought it was worth it. The fact that the robot can 19 do many different things is a huge good thing.
Andrew Cooper, leading the program, says the robot is not meant to take scientists’ place, but to be 20 for them.
11．A．discovered B．described C．completed D．reviewed 12．A．created B．put C．passed D．repeated 13．A．But B．Because C．Though D．Unless 14．A．paid B．took C．spent D．cost 15．A．terrible B．important C．boring D．uncrowded 16．A．fewer B．more C．a few D．many 17．A．knowledge B．failure C．situation D．material 18．A．for B．in C．with D．into
19．A．used to B．be changed to C．be influenced to D．be used to 20．A．useful B．useless C．active D．historical
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了罗盘的发明和用处。

1．句意：它是中国历史和世界历史上的一项重要发明。

project项目；invention发明；condition情况；change变化。

根据“Compass (罗盘) brings a lot to the whole world”可知罗盘是一个重要的发明。

故选B。

2．句意：在它的帮助下，人们可以自由、正确地旅行到任何地方。

luckily幸运地；loudly大声地；correctly正确地；patiently耐心地。

根据“People can travel anywhere freely and”可知罗盘可以指明方向，让人们正确地到任何地方去。

故选C。

3．句意：这是一种指针总是指向南方的仪器。

instrument仪器；exmaple例子；action行动；magician魔术师。

根据“with a needle (指针) which always points to the south”可知罗盘是一个仪器。

故选A。

4．句意：在他的笔记中，一些石头粘在所有的铁物体上。

dream梦想；order命令；result结果；note笔记。

根据“wrote down all he had found”可知是在他写的笔记中。

故选D。

5．句意：他感到非常惊讶，因为他从来没有见过它。

bored无聊的；relaxed放松的；surprised吃惊的；serious严肃的。

根据“because he never saw it”可知之前没有见过，所以很惊讶。

故选C。

6．句意：磁铁石可以指向同一个方向。

direction方向；introduction介绍；instruction用法说明；situation情况。

根据“which always points to the south”可知是指着同一个方向。

故选A。

7．句意：他们发现指南针的柄一直指向南方。

so far到目前为止；in the end最后；all the time一直；from time to time不时地。

根据“which always points to the south”可知是一直指着南方。

故选C。

8．句意：毫无疑问，人们非常依赖它。

interest兴趣；doubt怀疑；need需要；rush匆忙。

根据“that people depended on it very much.”可知人们很依赖罗盘，这是毫无疑问的。

故选B。

9．句意：但后来使用磁化钢针作为其主要部件。

general普遍的；main主要的；simple简单的；light轻的。

根据“a magnetized steel needle is used as its...part”可知是用磁化钢针作主要的部件。

故选B。

10．句意：后来，它也可以直接用于其他方面，如太空。

wrong错误的；sudden突然的；quick快的；direct直接的。

根据“to be used in other ways”可知是直接用于其他方面。

故选D。

11．C 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．B 16．A 17．D 18．C 19．D 20．A
【导语】本文主要是介绍利物浦大学开发的一款可以自己做实验的机器人，机器人存在的价值不是为了取代科学家，而是为了帮助科学家。

1．句意：这个机器人在八天内完成了近700个实验。

discovered发现；described描述；completed完成；reviewed复习。

根据“nearly 700 experiments in eight days”可知是完成实验，故选C。

2．句意：但是早期的机器人经常待在一个地方，一次又一次地重复同一个工作。

created创造；put放；passed通过；repeated重复。

根据“the same job in one place over and over again”可知早期的机器人重复做同一个工作，故选D。

3．句意：它比大多数人重得多——882磅，但是它能像人类一样在同一个空间里轻松地移
动。

But但是；Because因为；Though虽然；Unless除非。

根据“it’s able to move around in the same kind of space as humans do.”可知虽然比大多数人重，但是能轻松移动，应用though引导让步状语从句，故选C。

4．句意：Burger博士说花费了很多艰苦的工作去给机器人编程，这样它做事就不会出错。

paid花费，主语是人，后常跟介词for；took花费，通常用于it takes some time to do sth句型；spent花费，以人作主语，花费时间或金钱；cost花费，主语是物，主要表示“花”金钱。

根据“it…a lot of hard work to program…”可知是it takes…句型，故选B。

5．句意：那很重要，因为它意味着在没有人帮助的情况下运行数天。

terrible糟糕的；important重要的；boring无聊的；uncrowded不拥挤的。

根据“because it’s meant to run for days without people’s help.”可知花费时间编程很重要，因为机器人要独立工作数天，故选B。

6．句意：当程序完成时，Burger博士说机器人犯的错误就比人类少。

fewer更少；more更多；a few一些；many许多。

根据“so that it can do things without making mistakes”可知，编程是为了让机器人犯更少的错误，结合than可知这里应用比较级fewer，故选A。

7．句意：为了测试他们的机器人，科学家给它一个挑战——找到一种擅长利用光从水中产生氢气的材料。

knowledge知识；failure失败；situation情况；material材料。

根据“that was good at producing hydrogen from water”可知擅长生产氢气的东西应该是一种材料，故选D。

8．句意：它听起来很贵，但是科学家把它和实验室里别的机器比较后，他们认为它值得。

for为了；in在……里；with和；into在里面。

compare sth with sth“和……作比较”，是固定短语，故选C。

9．句意：事实上，机器人可以用来做很多不同的事情，这是一件非常好的事情。

used to过去常常做；be changed to被改变成；be influenced to受影响；be used to被用来。

根据“do many different things”可知机器人被用来做许多事，故选D。

10．句意：这个项目的领导者Andrew Cooper说，这个机器人并不意味着取代科学家的位置，而是对他们有用处。

useful有用的；useless无用的；active活跃的；historical历史的。

根据“The fact that the robot can…do many different things is a huge good thing.”可知机器人为人们做事，说明机器人是有
用处的，故选A。