高中英语人教版选择性各单元语法知识汇总讲义

U1非限制性定语从句【2019人教版高中英语单元语法】
Unit1 People of Achievement
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句主要起补充说明作用,去掉后也不会影响主句的意思,它与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。

The summer holiday, which we're looking forward to, is drawing near.我们所期盼的暑假即将到来。

1.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)形式不同
限制性定语从句与主句之间无逗号隔开;非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开。

This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的小说。

I read a novel last night, which is very interesting.我昨天晚上读了一本小说,它
非常有趣。

(2)作用不同
限制性定语从句可以修饰名词或代词,与先行词关系密切，若去掉,则句意不
完整。

非限制性定语从句可以修饰名词或代词,也可以修饰整个主句或主句中的一部分,对先行词仅起补充说明作用,若去掉,句意仍相对完整。

Do you remember the man who taught us English?
你记得教我们英语的那个人吗?
A trip to Rome can be pricey for travellers , which is why many choose to stay in
a hotel.对于旅行者而言,罗马之行价格不菲,这也是许多人选择在旅社留宿的
原因。

可通过以下两个例句对比理解两者的区别:
His elder brother who is 19 years old is serving in the army now.他19岁的哥哥正在部队服役。

(他可能有不止一个哥哥)
His elder brother, who is 19 years old , is serving in the army now.他的哥哥今年19岁,正在部队服役。

(他只有一个哥哥)
(3)翻译不同
含有限制性定语从句的句子一般先译从句,后译先行词,即把从句放在先行词前,译为“……的+先行词”。

含有非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译主句,后译从句,译成两个分句。

He is the man who lives next to me.他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。

He is a warmhearted man , who lives next to me.他是个热心肠的人,住在我的隔壁。

(4)关系词不同
关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

在限制性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时可以省略;在非限制性定语从句中,所有关系词都不可省略。

Mr White, whom you met yesterday, is one of my old friends. 你昨天遇到的怀特先生是我的一个老朋友。

(非限制性定语从句,whom 在从句中作宾语,不能省略)
3.as的用法
as也可以作为关系代词引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。

(1)as引导限制性定语从句时,主要用在固定搭配such... as, the same... as, so/as... as
等中。

He is not the same man as he was.他和以前不一样了。

I've never heard such stories as he told. 我从未听过他讲的那些故事。

(2)as 引导非限制性定语从句时,通常指代整个主句的内容,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,意为“正如”,常置于句首，也可放在句中或句尾。

Smoking is harmful to one's health , as is known to us all.
众所周知，吸烟有害健康。

As I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet.正如我所指出的,在我们的日常饮食中加入蔬菜是很重要的。

闯关训练
一、在空白处填入1个适当的关系词。

1.It is a truly delightful place,________looks the same as how it looked 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
2.This woman has set a good example to her son, ________is a really lucky guy.
3.My father was easily cheated,________surprised me.
4. Around me in the picture are the things ________were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
5.She is my good friend,________ help made me fit in with the class so quickly. I will never forget those days ________we stayed together.
6. The murderer, ________is reported, has been arrested by the police.
7. Freddie,________might be expected, was attending the conference.
二、翻译句子。

1.We walked down the village street, where people were having market day.
_____________________________________________________________________ 2. This is the place where he used to live.
_____________________________________________________________________ 3.李华是个热心的男孩,他经常利用空闲时间帮助他人。

_____________________________________________________________________
三、用定语从句合并下列句子。

1.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year. 80% of them are sold abroad.
_____________________________________________________________________ 2. I have two sisters. Both of them are doctors.
_____________________________________________________________________
U2将来进行时【2019人教版高中英语单元语法】
Unit2 Looking into the Future
将来进行时
1.将来进行时的构成和概念
将来进行时由“will/shall be+现在分词”构成,shall用于第一人称,will用于各种人称。

将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,常表示已经安排好的事情。

At this time tomorrow morning, Grandpa will be sitting in the dining room with us.明早这个时候,爷爷就会和我们一起坐在餐厅里了。

Don't phone me between 5 pm and 6 pm. We will be having dinner then.下午五点至六点之间不要给我打,那会儿我们正在吃晚饭。

When he es to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.当他明天来我家的时候,我将在写报告。

2.将来进行时的用法
(1)表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作,常与at this time tomorrow, at... o'clock tomorrow afternoon 等表示将来某个具体时间点或时间段的时间状语连用。

At seven o'clock tonight I will be listening to the report in the hall.今天晚上七点钟,我将正在大厅听报告。

Daniel's family will be enjoying their holiday in Mount Huangshan this time next week.下周的这个时候丹尼尔一家就会在黄山享受假期了。

(2)将来进行时可以表示已经计划好的事。

Professor Wang will be giving a lecture on Chinese poetry tomorrow evening.明晚王教授将做一个关于中国诗歌的讲座。

(3)将来进行时用来表示委婉客气。

Will you be having some tea?喝点茶吧?
(4)将来进行时可以表示现在正在进行的动作,但这个动作会延续到将来。

I wonder if it will still be snowing this afternoon.
我想知道今天下午是否还会一直下雪。

(5)将来进行时可以用于解释原因。

Jane can't attend the meeting at three o'clock this afternoon. She will be teaching
a class at that time.简不能参加今天下午三点的会议,(因为)那时她正在教课。

闯关训练
一、根据汉语意思,用括号内单词的正确形式完成句子。

1.下周一的这个时候你会在做什么?(do)
What__________________________at this time next Monday?
2.当我到家的时候,我妻子可能会正在看电视。

(watch)
When I get home, my wife__________________________.
3.对不起,我明天下午不能到机场去送你了。

那时我正在给一群学生做演讲。

(address)
I'm sorry that I can't see you off at the airport tomorrow afternoon. I______________ __________________________a group of students then.
二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

1.He__________ (have) dinner at seven o'clock tomorrow, when CCTV__________(start) to broadcast news.
2.Could I borrow your car to pick up a friend from the airport this afternoon as mine__________(be)broken?
Sorry,but I__________(use) my car at that moment.
3.Next Friday I__________(go) to another concert. They__________( play) something written by Mozart at that evening.
4.Guess what! We have got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK.
How nice! You__________(experience)a different culture this time next year.
5. Tomorrow Tom__________(travel) to Beijing. When he gets off the train, his wife __________( wait) for him.
U3动名词作主语【2019人教版高中英语单元语法】
Unit3 Fascinating Park
动名词作主语
英语中的非谓语动词包括:动名词、现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式。

无论它们在句中作什么成分,都保有自己本身的属性和特点。

动名词:具有名词功能,常在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

现在分词:表主动和正在进行,常在句中作定语、状语、补语等。

过去分词:表被动和完成,常在句中作定语、状语、补语等。

动词不定式:表示将来和具体某一次的动作,常在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。

1.动名词的特点
(1)动名词是从动词变化而来的,所以它保留了动词的某些特征,动名词不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语和状语,还有时态和语态的变化。

(2)动名词最大的特点是它相当于一个名词,因此,动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

2.动名词的时态和语态
People hate being praised for nothing.人们不喜欢无缘无故被赞扬。

The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing up the report in time.
那位秘书因没有及时将报告打出来而受到了责备。

We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing.
我们不知道他们做了这种事情。

Having been warned by the teacher, the students will not make such mistakes again.被老师警告过之后,学生们不会再犯这样的错误了。

3.动名词作主语
动名词由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。

Breathing became difficult at that altitude.在那个海拔高度，呼吸变得很困难。

(1)单个的动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词应用单数
Cheating in an exam is an act of dishonesty.考试作弊是不诚信的行为。

(2)有些句子为了保持平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,用it作形式主语,把真正作主语的动名词(短语)后置。

常见句式有: It's a waste of time doing sth做某事浪费时间It's useless/worthwhile doing sth做某事是没用的/值得的
It's no use doing sth做某事是没用的
It was a waste of time reading that book.读那本书就是在浪费时间。

It is no use trying to persuade him to give up his idea.努力说服他放弃自己的想法是徒劳的。

(2)动名词还可用于句型“There be+no +动名词(短语)”
There was no knowing what he could do.不知道他能做什么。

闯关训练
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

1._________ ( take ) a walk after supper is good for your health.
2._________( expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.
3. It's no use( spend) so much money on clothes.
4._________( learn ) a language requires time and effort.
5.It's a waste of time_________( persuade ) such a person to join us.
6._________( save ) money now seems impossible.
7.It is worthwhile_________( read) more books.
8. There was no_________( tell ) when she would be back.
9.It is a mistake for us not_________(help) him.
二、用括号内单词的正确形式完成语段。

Since Tom went to high school，_________ ( watch) TV has bee a routine for him.His mother always said, “It's a waste of time_________( spend) hours in front of the TV.” However, Tom always answered,“I can keep a balance between studying a nd watching TV.” As you know, talking_________( be ) easier than doing. Later, Tom didn't do well in the final exam and he was very sad. His mother knew there was no point_________( scold ) him. She told him, “It's no use_________( cry ) over spilt milk and what you can do now is just try your best to study for the next exam."
U4动名词作宾语【2019人教版高中英语单元语法】
Unit4 Body Language
1.动名词作宾语
(1)动名词可在及物动词后作宾语。

He managed to escape suffering from the disease.他设法避免患上那种疾病。

Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter.史密斯教授考虑在学生们开始学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。

The suspect denied turning on the puter in the office that night.犯罪嫌疑人否认自己那晚开过办公室的电脑。

(2)动名词可在介词后面作宾语。

I'm looking forward to your ing next time.我期待您下一次的到来。

(动名词的复合结构）
They are against using so many animals in experiments.他们反对在实验中使用这么多的动物。

He apologised for interrupting us.他因打断我们而道歉。

Thank you for offering me so much help.感谢你给我提供了这么多帮助。

知识拓展：
①常接动名词作宾语,但不接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
admit 承认advise建议allow 允许appreciate感激 avoid 避免consider考虑delay 推迟deny 否认discuss讨论dislike 不喜欢
enjoy喜爱escape避开;避免excuse 原谅fancy喜欢;想要finish 完成forbid 禁止forgive 原谅give up 放弃imagine 想象keep继续mention 提及mind 介意miss错过pardon 原谅permit允许practise 练习prevent阻止prohibit禁止put off推迟risk 冒险suggest建议feel like想要
②有些动词(短语)既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语,但在表达的意思上有差别。

forget/remember to do sth 忘记/记得去做某事
forget/remember doing sth 忘记/记得做过某事
regret to say/inform/tell...很遗憾地说/通知/告知……
regret doing sth后悔做了某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean doing sth意味着做某事合结构)
They are against using so many animals in experiments.他们反对在实验中使用这么多的动物。

He apologised for interrupting us.他因打断我们而道歉。

Thank you for offering me so much help.感谢你给我提供了这么多帮助。

try to do sth 尽力做某事
try doing sth尝试着做某事
stop to do sth 停下去做另一件事
stop doing sth停下正在做的事
go on to do sth 接着做别的事情
go on doing sth继续做原来做的事
can't help to do sth 不能帮助做某事
can't help doing sth情不自禁做某事
2.动词的ing 形式(动名词、现在分词)作表语
(1)动名词(短语)作表语用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的具体内容(身份或情况)。

动名词(短语)作表语时放在系动词之后,可以和主语互换位置,句意仍然通顺。

Her job is cleaning offices.她的工作是打扫办公室。

(作表语)
=Cleaning offices is her job.打扫办公室是她的工作。

(作主语)
His favourite sport is playing basketball.他喜爱的运动是打篮球。

Her job is keeping the hall as clean as possible.她的工作是尽量使大厅保持整洁。

(2)现在分词(短语)作表语用来表示主语所具有的性质、特征或状态。

The music is much pleasing to the ear.音乐优美悦耳。

The game is very exciting.这场比赛很激动人心。

闯关训练1
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

1. I can't understand your_________( laugh) at that poor child.
2.She was praised for_________( save) the life of the child.
3.Is there any possibility of our_________(win) the championship?
4. I didn't mean( eat) anything, but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't
help_________( try) it.
5.She didn't mind_________(leave ) alone at home.
6.1 regret_________ ( say ) some rude words to my brother.
7.Thanks to his research , farmers succeeded in_________( produce) more crops.
8.Yuan Longping is a famous scientist, who devoted himself to_________ ( do ) research on rice.
二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

I used to like to go to our local cinema. It was old and rather unfortable, but it had character. Now the owner has stopped 1._________(show) films there. However, he would like to go on 2._________(run) the cinema, so he would need
3._________(make) a lot of improvements, which would mean
4._________( spend ) tens of thousands of pounds. I remember
5._________ ( watch) the last film at the cinema. It was a murder mystery. It was five minutes from the end, and we were trying
6._______(work) out who the murderer was when suddenly all the lights went out and the film stopped. We sat in the dark for a few minutes, and then the owner appeared with a torch. “I regret
7._________ ( tell ) you,” he said,“ that our electricity has failed. I don't mean
8._________(disappoint ) you, but I'm afraid I can't show you the end of the film. We've tried
9._________(phone) the electric pany, but they said they couldn't help. " He went on10._________( explain ) to the audience how the film ended.I didn't understand the story, but I don't regret 11._________(go) to the cinema that evening.
闯关训练2
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

1.The scene was_________( astonish) to me and everyone standing by.
2.The wine was excellent, but the food was_________( disappoint ).
3.One of the traditions of the the Spring Festival is_________(make) dumplings.
4.The news sounds_________(encourage).
U5主语从句【2019人教版高中英语单元语法】
Unit5 Working the Land
主语从句就是在复合句中作主语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前置于句首,也可用形式主语it代替,而将主语从句放至句末。

主语从句主要有以下几类:
1.由连接词that 引导的主语从句
that无实际意义,只起连接作用,在句中不作成分且置于句首时不可以省略(it 作形式主语,that引导的从句作真正主语时,that 可省略)。

That he likes books of this kind is very interesting.=It's very interesting (that) he likes books of this kind.有意思的是他喜欢这种书籍。

That light travels faster than sound in the air is known to us all. = It is known to us all ( that) light travels faster than sound in the air.众所周知,在空气中光比声音传播得快。

2.由连接词whether,if引导的主语从句
whether和if有实际意义(意为“是否”),在句中不作成分但不可以省略。

注意:if 引导的主语从句不位于句首,可用于it作形式主语的句型中。

Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
明天我们是否在户外举行聚会取决于天气情况。

Whether we will have the sports meeting has not been decided yet.
我们是否举行运动会还没有定下来。

It doesn't matter if you turn right or leftboth roads lead to the park.
左转右转都无所谓两条路都通向公园。

3.由连接代词引导的主语从句
由连接代词who，whose,whom, which,what, whoever, whomever, whichever,whatever等引导的主语从句,其连接代词在从句中不仅起连接作用,而且还有具体意义且充当相应成分。

What he said is irrelevant to the topic we are discussing.
他说的和我们在讨论的话题没有关系。

Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.在每年的风筝节中,无论是谁制作了最漂亮的风筝都将获奖。

4.由连接副词引导的主语从句
由连接副词when, where, why,how等引导的主语从句,其连接副词有意义,且常在从句中作状语。

When they will e hasn't been made public.他们什么时候来还没有公开。

.How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。

5.it 作形式主语,主语从句作真正主语
为了使句子平衡,通常用it作形式主语,而将主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。

具体用法如下:
(1)It +be +名词(短语)+从句。

这样的名词(短语)有fact，surprise , honour, pity, mon knowledge/sense(常识)等。

It is mon knowledge that the United States is one of the biggest developed countries in the world.众所周知,美国是世界上最大的发达国家之一。

(2)It +be+形容词+从句。

这样的形容词有funny，natural, true ，strange，important，obvious，certain，wonderful，possible , likely,probable 等。

It is certain that free medical care will be given to most citizens.大多数市民将享受免费医疗,这是肯定的。

(3)It +动词(短语)+从句。

这样的动词有happen, look ，matter, strike( +sb)，occur ( + to sb)等。

It matters a lot if/whether he has lost interest in studying physics.
他是否已经对学习物理失去了兴趣很重要。

It happened that I had no money on me.碰巧我身上一分钱也没有。

(4)It + be +过去分词+从句。

这样的过去分词有said(据说)，reported(据报道)，believed(人们相信)，known(众所周知)，decided(已决定)，proved(已证实)，thought,
expected , announced, arranged, acknowledged 等。

It is reported in the newspaper that there is another good harvest this year.
据报纸报道,今年又是一个丰收年。

It is universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.富有的单身汉总想娶位太太,这是举世公认的。

闯关训练
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。

1._________ was said here must be kept secret.
2.It suddenly occurred to him _________he had left his keys in the office.
3._________ has taken away my bag is unknown.
4._________ breaks the law will be punished.
5.He works very hard. It is no wonder_________he won many prizes.
6._________ you e or not is up to you.
7._________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.
8._________truly changes the world is the way you look at yourself.
9._________, as a matter of fact, has been put forward at the conference is that the government should encourage the graduates to set up their own business.
10._________I'm concerned about most is how we can collect a huge amount of money in such a short time.
11._________is important whether he can finish the work in time.
二、用that 或what 填空。

1.①_____he said so made us surprised.
②______ he said at the meeting made us surprised.
2.①____talks between the two countries are making progress is reported in the newspaper.
②________is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the two countries are making progress.
3.①____I like best is your handwriting.
②___I like the book best is known to everyone.
4.①___makes the game unique is that it helps children learn how to cope with problems in real life.
②_______it helps children learn how to cope with problems in real life makes the game unique.
三、用what，whatever,who 或whoever 填空。

1._________ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
2._________you say now is of no use.
3._________breaks the window will have to pay for it.
4._________wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
四、根据汉语意思完成句子。

1.汽车制造商、消费者和律师，这三者谁该对这种交通工具的操作负责并不明确。

____________________________________the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers.
2.你想要你的手臂伸到睡袋外面还是放在里面,这是主要的问题。

____________________________________your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag is the main question.
3.这里种植的蔬菜没有任何有害化学物质,这使得它有别于其他农场。

____________________________________is that the vegetables here are grown without any harmful chemicals.
4.这里的动物很可爱,但据说它们的数量在逐年减少。

The animals here are lovely, but___________________________the number of them is decreasing year by year.
5.甚至更重要的是，当地球冷却下来，水开始出现在地球表面。

___________________________is that as the earth cooled down , water began to appear on its surface.
6.我们最需要的是更多的好医生。

What we need most____________________________________.
7.还没有宣布他们什么时候及怎样参加会议。

When and how they will attend the meeting_________________________________.
五、翻译句子。

1.让我最惊讶的是,这样一个六岁的小男孩能把小提琴拉得这么好。

_____________________________________________________________________ 2.最令我印象深刻的是,这个悲伤的故事是根据真实事件改编的。

_____________________________________________________________________
闯关训练答案
Unit1 People of Achievement
闯关训练答案
一、1.which
2.who
3. which
4.that/which
5.whose; when
6.as
7.as
二、1.我们沿着村子的街道往前走,人们正在那里赶集。

2.这就是他过去居住的地方。

3.Li Hua is a warmhearted boy, who often devotes his spare time to helping others.
三、1.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes
every year, 80% of which are sold abroad.
2. I have two sisters, both of whom are doctors.
Unit2 Looking into the Future
闯关训练答案
一、1. will you be doing
2. will probably be watching TV
3. will/shall be addressing
二、1. will be having; starts 主句中有时间状语at
seven o'clock tomorrow ,表示将来某时正发生的事，故第一空用will be having;从句中用一般现在时表示习惯的、永久性的或反复发生的动作。

2. is; will/shall be using“我的车坏了”是目前的
一种状态,故第一空用一般现在时;第二空的句子表达的含义是“那个时候我将正
在用我的车”,故用将来进行时。

3. shall go/will go; will be playing第一空前面有时间状语Next Friday，故用一般将来时;第二空的句子中有表示将来的具体时间点,且表示已经计划好的事情,故要用将来进行时,意为“那天晚上他们将演奏莫扎特的曲子”。

4. will be experiencing句意为:你猜怎么着，我们拿到了到英国短期旅游的签证。

太好了!那你们明年这个时候就可以体验一种不同的文化了。

由句意和this time next year可知,此处表示将来一段时间内正在进行的动作,故用将来进行时。

5. will travel; will be waiting句意为:明天汤姆要去北京旅游。

当他下火车的时候,他妻子会在等他。

第一空前有时间状语Tomorrow,故用一般将来时;根据句意和Tomorrow可知,第二空表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,故用将来进行时。

Unit3 Fascinating Park
闯关训练答案
一、1.Taking 2.Being exposed 3.spending
4.Learning
5.persuading
6.Saving
7. reading/to read 8.telling 9. to help
二、watching; spending; is; scolding; crying
Unit4 Body Language
答案：
闯关训练1
一、1. laughing 2.saving 3.winning
4. to eat; trying
5.being left
6. having said/saying
7.producing
8.doing
二、1.showing 2.running 3. to make
4. spending
5.watching
6. to work
7. to tell
8. to disappoint 9.phoning 10.to explain 11. going
闯关训练2
1. astonishing句意为:这情景使我和每一位旁观者都很惊诧。

2.disappointing句意为:这酒棒极了,但是食物却让人不敢恭维。

3.making 句意为:春节的传统之一是包饺子。

4.encouraging 句意为:这个消息听起来振奋人心。

Unit5 Working the Land
答案：
一、
1.What
2.that
3.Who
Who在主语从句中作主语,表示“谁”。

句意为:不知道是谁拿走了我的包。

4.Whoever
Whoever在主语从句中作主语,表示
“无论谁”。

句意为:无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。

5.that It is no wonder that... 意为“难怪…”,为形式主语,that引导真正的主语从句。

6.Whether 此处表示“是否”且引导的从句位于句首,连接词只能用whether,不能用if。

句意为:你来或不来取决于你。

7.That That 在此句中不作成分,没有实际意义。

句意为:那个男孩没有吃药,这让他的妈妈很生气。

8.What 句意为:真正能改变这个世界的,是你看待自己的方式。

设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语,表示“……的东西”,应用What。

9.What 句意为:事实上,会议上提出的是政府应该鼓励毕业生创业。

分析句子结构可知,as a matter of fact 是插入语;is前面是一个主语从句,从句中缺少主语,表示“……的东西”,应用What来引导。

10.What 句意为:我最担心的是我们如何在这么短
的时间里筹集到一大笔钱。

设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少介词about 的宾语,指代“担心的事情”,应用What 来引导该主语从句。

11.It 设空处为形式主语,whether引导的主语从句
为真正的主语。

二、1.That; What第一句,so作said的宾语,主语
从句不缺成分,意义完整。

句意为:他这样说让我们很吃惊。

第二句,said后缺少宾语,表示“……的东西”,故用What引导。

句意为:他在会议上讲的话让我们很吃惊。

2.That; What 第一句,That只起连接作用,无意
义;第二句,What在从句中作主语,表示“……的东西”。

3.What; That 第一句,What在从句中作like的宾
语,表示“……的东西”;第二句,That只起连接作用,无意义。

4.What; That 第一句,What在从句中作主语,表示“……的东西”;第二句,That只起连接作用,无意义。

三、1.What What 在从句中作regard的宾语,表
示“……的东西”。

句意为:一些人认为是缺点的
东西却被其他很多人视为优点。

2.Whatever/What 这两个答案都可以,只是句意
有所差别。

填Whatever 时，意为“现在你说的任何话都没用”;填What时,意为“你现在说的话没有用”。

3. Whoever 句意为:不管谁打破窗户都得赔偿。

由句意可知,设空处引导主语从句,表示“无论谁”,故填Whoever。

4.Whoever Whoever引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,表示“无论谁”。

句意为:任何一位想要住旅店的人都必须自己支付费用。

四、1.Who should be responsible for
2. Whether you want(to put)虽然从句含有疑问
意义,但不能用Whether do you want的疑问语序,因为主语从句属于名词性从句,须用陈述语序。

3. What makes it different from other farms
4. it is said (that)
5.What is even more important
6.are more good doctors
7. hasn't been announced ( yet)
五、1.What surprised me most is that such a little boy of
six could play the violin so well.
2.What struck/impressed me most is that the sad story is adapted from a real event.。