S大学英语四六级写作指导与练习.doc

大学英语四六级句子写作指导
考生表达思想不清楚的主要原因是考生作文中严重汉化的英语，即中式英
语，比如：H man can live happiness'1, n Man is iron, and food is steel/1, " Women are half side sky."。

此外，语言错误的普遍性和严重性十分惊人，比如，主谓不一致，名词单复数不分，动词时态语态滥用，常用词拼写错误比比皆是。

这些严重地影响了思想的表达。

考试实践表明，多数考生在写作上的主要欠缺不是系统的写作理论和方法，而是最基本的单句写作能力。

文章无论长短，都是由句子组成的，句子是表达思想的最基本的单位。

因此, 句子是否能写得正确、达意和清楚，将直接影响整篇文章的写作质量。

大学英语四、六级考试和研究生入学英语考试的实践都表明，考生写作成绩长期得不到明显提高的主要原因是欠缺写好单句的能力。

一、"There be u结构
考生病句：
1.There are many people like to go to the movies.
2.There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people. 例
句：
1.There was no school in the village at that time. (=there was not a school...)
not a; not any; no
%1.If there is any trouble, do let me know.
%1.I haven't any money to spare.
(3). Are there any letters for me?
2.There is not a moment to be lost.
3.There are many people rushing into the cities every year.
4.There are many things we can do to prevent traffic accidents.
5.There is no use holding back the wheel of history.
二、比较结构
考生病句：
paring with the bike, the car runs much faste匚
2.The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.
比较结构的一些常用的表达方法:
1.同级比较
1) In 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years.
2) We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten years in the past.
2.比较级
1) Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.
2) We can live longer without food than we can (live ) without water.
三、表达原因的结构
考生病句：
1.The real reason to our failure is not far to seek.
2.The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard・
英语中用来表达原因这一概念的结构有多种。

我们可用as , because, since, seeing that, considering that, now that, not that...等词组引出表示原因的从句。

例如：
1.Now that we have seen these great achievements with our own eyes, we feel more proud than ever of our country.
2.Professor Liu is strict with us because he wants us to make rapid progress.
3.Since we live near the sea, we enjoy a healthy climate.
4.Pollution is still a serious problem, not that we don't have the ability to solve it, but that some people have not realized the consequences of the problem.
我们还可以借助某些词语用简单句表达原因结构。

例如：
1・ The reason for this change is quite obvious.
2.Diligence is the key factor of success.
3.Idleness is the root of all evils.
4.He was ashamed to have made the mistake.(=He was ashamed that he had made the mistake. =He was ashamed because he had made the mistake.)
除了上述的例句外，英语中还有很多或易或难的表达原因的结构。

我们在进
行写作训练的时候，不能满足于一知半解，要讲究书面语言的正确性和准确性。

比如,because是最常用的引导原因从句的连词，语气最强，表示直接的原因，若because置于句首，后面的主句不能再用so。

用as引导的原因从句语气较弱，所说明的原因是附带的，而since表示的原因暗示着是稍加分析之后才能推断出来的原因。

四、否定结构
考生病句
1.Some people think we needn't to worry about fresh water.
2.Nowadays many people don't like to go to the movies, too.
1.含有否定意义的词汇和短语
以下列举的词和词组本身就具有否定的含义，因此无需用否定词。

介词against, beyond, but, except, without,...
形容词和动词absent, deny, differ, different, fail, free, ignore, miss, refuse, the last, used to, reluctant, lack, want,…
短语keep.—from, protect...from, prevent...from, let alone, at a loss, in vain, instead of, out of the question, rather than, too…to, by no means, anything but,… 例句：
1) Women fail to get the equal rights in some countries.
2) This is by no means the best way to solve the problem of energy crisis.
3) We should protect trees from being destroyed.
4) In old China we could not make a nail, let alone(make) machines.
2.含有半否定意义的词语
barely, hardly, few, little, rarely, scarcely, seldom, not all, not everyone, not everything,...具有半否定的意义。

例句：
1) We could hardly see any fresh vegetables in winter on market several years ago.
2) These young people know little about how to choose good books to read・
3.不含否定意义的否定结构
有些词和词组形式上是否定结构，但其含义是肯定的，比如：cannot but, can't help, no soonenot...until, in no time, none other than, nothing but,等等。

例句：
1) We cant but face the reality.
2)These old buildings will be replaced by modern apartment buildings in no time.
4.否定结构的倒装语序
我们有时为了强调而把否定词和词组放在句首，这时句子结构应倒装。

例如:
1 ) On no account should we follow blindly.
2)No where has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in our country.
五、含有it的结构
考生病句：
1.As is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society.
2.It is known to us, practice makes perfect.
It在英语中是个相当活跃的代词，在写作中我们常要使用它。

以下几种用法应熟练掌握，并能灵活运用。

1.作形式主语
It is necessary for us to master a foreign language skillfully. It makes difference whether we could purify the air or not.
2•作形式宾语
We find it rather difficult to prevent people from doing that. Modern science has made it possible for babies to grow healthily and for people to live longer.
3•引导强调句
It is only by this way that we can achieve success. It was then that people began to realize the importance of controlling population.
英语短文写作句子改错练习
1.指代方面的错误
1) Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden they have to bear・
2) People have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials, but it often proves useless-
3)Television provides us with a vivid, colorful world, which enables us to enjoy life thoroughl y.
2.修饰方面的错误
1) Without television, people can't get information which comes from other parts of the world immediately.
2) At the age of six, my father began to teach me English.
3)Having carried out economic reforms in our country, people's living standard has greatly improve
4)To improve one's writing skill, regular practice is essential.
3.平行方面的错误
1) While we reduce the number of vehicles, the speed of traffic can be increased.
2) The price of milk isn11 higher than grain.
3) The energy problem is currently of great concern to a nation, the world, and human beings.
4) But other people argue that everyone has a certain opportunity and a wise man will never lose it whenever it arises.
5) Before I selected the new course, my teacher warned me of the difficulty of the course and how long it lasted.
6) Making cities greener has a lot of advantages, such as its improvement of our environment, its contribution to our industry and its making our cities beautiful.
4.语法方面的错误
1) Narrow streets easily cause to happen many traffic accidents.
2) A great change has been taken place since then.
3) But it may occur some new problems.
4) Opportunities are only belonged to those who work hard・
5) Green trees can protect our air from polluting.
6) Comparing with other countries, China pays little attention to the energy problem.
5.搭配方面的错误
1) However the speed of a car is much faster than that of a bicycle.
2) In the past the price of milk was so expensive that most families could not afford it.
3) We should study/learn as much knowledge as possible so that we can be fully prepared for the future.
4) The opportunity to be promoted in a joint venture will be smaller if one cannot speak English.
6.赘言问题
1 ) In my opinion, I believe the free medical system is in need of reform.
2 ) People try to find a solution to solve the problem・
3)Many visitors who visit our city have the impression that there are few trees in the street.
4)The reason why people choose to live in the country is because there is no pollution or noise there.
5)1 have to rewrite my composition again.
7.汉化问题
1) Traffic is a serious problem, one of the reasons is that Shanghai has over ten million people.
2) My level of English has thus been improved.
3) Nowadays young people who seek to go abroad are becoming more and more.
4)With the development of cities, green land becomes more and more less.
5)Smoking will do harm to our body.
6)We should put out hearts into the study.。