2021高考外研版英语一轮复习讲义：第1部分 必修1 Module 4 A Social Surve

Module 4 A Social Survey—My
Neighbourhood
Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写
1．sound vi.听起来
2．bother vt.打搅；烦扰；麻烦3．approach vt.接近
4．exchange vt.交换
5．starve vi.饿死
6．attract vt.吸引
→attractive adj.有吸引力的；吸引人的
→attraction n.吸引；吸引力
7．fortune n.幸运；运气
→fortunate adj.幸运的；桔祥的
→fortunately adv.幸运地
8．afford vt.买得起；有能力支付
→affordable adj.负担得起的
9．employ vt.雇用
→employment n.就业；工作；职业
→unemployed adj.失业的；没有工作的
→unemployment n.失业
10．survive vi.死里逃生；大难不死
→survivor n.幸存者；生还者
→survival n.幸存；残存物
Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记
11．local adj.地方的；局部的12．suburb n.城郊；郊区
13．pretty adv.很；相当
14．district n.地域；区域；行政区15．contact vt.联络；联系(某人) 16．organisation n.组织
17．occupation n.职业
高频短语——会默写
1．put up修建；张贴
2．so far/up to now/till now 到目前为止
3．get away from 摆脱
4．a great many/a number of 许多；大量
5．make it 成功
6．go up 上升
教材原句——会背诵句式仿写——能应用
1.It's been six years since we last saw each other，you know.(it is/has been＋时间段＋since...) 1.自从我开场学英语已经十年了。

It has been ten years since I began to
learn English.
2.And this is the first time I've visited your hometown.(This/It is/was the＋序数词＋time...) 2.这是他第三次来到这个山村看望这些贫穷的孩子们。

It is the third time that he has come to the mountain village to see the children in poverty.
3....this is one of the most 3.?平凡的世界?是我看过的最好的小说
attractive places I've been to.( the ＋最高级＋名词＋定语从
句)has/have＋done. 之一。

Ordinary World is one of the best novels(that) I have ever read.
4.I feel very fortunate living here.(feel fortunate (in) doing sth.) 4.和你在一起工作我感到很幸运。

I feel fortunate (in) working with you.
精讲5个考纲单词
approach vt.接近；靠近；走
n．接近；通路；方法；步骤
[高考佳句]Absorbed in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.(2021 年天津高考)由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。

an approach to... 做某事的方法；通向某地的路
at the approach of 在快到……的时候
①The boy is becoming nervous at the approach of the 2021 College Entrance Examination.
随着2021年高考的临近，男孩变得紧张了。

②Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working (work) things out.(2021年浙江高考)直面你的问题而不是去逃避它们，这是解决事情的最正确方法。

[链接写作]句式升级
As the time for graduation is approaching/drawing near, we are busy with our papers.
①With the time for graduation just around/round the corner, we are busy with our papers.(用around/round the corner改写)
②With the time for graduation approaching, we are busy with our papers.(用with复合构造改写)
exchange vt. & n．交换，交流，兑换
[教材原句]There are museums，cinemas，theatres，art galleries，parks，coffee
bars，clubs and many other places where people can meet and exchange ideas.
这儿有博物馆、电影院、剧院、美术馆、公园、咖啡馆、俱乐部和其他很多地方，是人们集会和交流思想的地方。

(1)exchange sth.for sth. 以某物换取某物
exchange sth.with sb. 和某人交换某物
(2)in exchange for 以……交换……
make an exchange 交换
①We students should often exchange ideas with our parents，who are rich in experience，and above all，love us most in the world.我们学生应该经常和父母交流思想，他们经历丰富，而且最重要的是，在这个世界上他们是最爱我们的人。

②I am going to travel abroad, so I must go to exchange some RMB for dollars in the bank.
我准备出国旅游，所以得去银行把一些人民币兑换成美金。

【导学号：60312021】
③He's giving her French lessons in exchange for her teaching him English.(牛津词典)
他教她法语，她教他英语，互教互学。

afford vt.买得起；有能力支付；(有时间)做；承当得起(后果)；提供，给予
[教材原句]The price of homes goes up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there.
房子的价格上涨了，本地区的人在那儿都买不起房子了。

(1)affordable adj.支付得起的
(2)afford to do sth. 负担得起干某事的费用
afford sb.sth.＝afford sth.to sb.
给予某人某物
and the Internet afford much pleasure to many people.
电视和网络给许多人带来很大的乐趣。

②The company makes wearable，beautifully cut clothes at affordable (afford)
prices.这家公司生产经久耐穿、外形美观且价格合理的服装。

[名师点津]afford 意为“买得起，负担得起〞时，常与can，could，be able to以及其否认形式连用，表示有/无能力、时间、条件等做某事。

survive vi.死里逃生；大难不死；幸存
[高考佳句]Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.(2021 年福建高考·单项填空)人类生活被认为是自然的一局部，同样，我们存活下去的唯一的方法是和自然和谐相处。

(1)survival n．幸存；[C]遗物，幸存物
survivor n.幸存者，死里逃生的人
(2)survive＋n.(the fire/earthquake/accident...)
从(火灾/地震/事故等) 中生还survive on 靠……维持生活；靠……存活下来
①I don't know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy's salary.(朗文辞典)
我真不知道你们只靠杰里米的薪金是怎样生活的。

②The little boy was the only one surviving (survive) the earthquake in his village，and the government sent him to a city school after that.
这个小男孩是他的村子里唯一一个在地震中幸存下来的人。

从那以后，政府把他送到一所城市学校读书。

③Survivors (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time.
事故的幸存者立即被送往了最近的医院。

[名师点津]survive表示“从地震、火灾、事故等中幸存下来〞时，为及物动词，其后不可接介词from或in。

contact vt.联络；联系(某人)
n．接触；联系；交往；熟人
[经典例句]According to a recent survey，people in urban areas seldom make contact，生活在都市里的人们很少与他们的邻居联系。

make contact with sb. 与某人联络；联系
get into/in contact with... 与……取得联系
lose contact with... 与……失去联系
keep in contact with... 与……保持联系
be in/out of contact with... 与……有/没有联系
①It's been 5 years since they lost contact with each other.＝They have been out of contact with each other for 5 years.他们已失去联系五年了。

②Have you kept in contact with your classmates after graduation?
你毕业后和同学们还保持联系吗？
③Tom told me that I could get into contact with him through WeChat.
汤姆告诉我，我可以通过微信与他取得联系。

[名师点津]keep in contact with和be in/out of contact with表状态，可和时间段连用，而make/get into/lose contact with表示动作，不能和时间段连用。

诠释2个核心短语
put up举起；架起；张贴；(为……)提供膳宿；提高(价钱)；修建[教材原句]They've put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently.最近他们建了很多的高楼。

[一词多义]写出以下句中put up的含义
①The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.张贴
②If you have any questions，put up your hands.举起
③They agreed to put two foreign students up over the summer.(为……)提供食宿
put away 储存……以备用；储蓄
put down 放下；写下；镇压
put off 推迟，拖延
put forward 提出(建议，意见)
put up with 忍受，忍耐
④As far as I know，the sports meet has been put off until next week because of the bad weather.
据我所知，由于天气不好运动会已经被推迟到下周了。

a great/good many许多，大量
[经典例句]A great many good films have been made in China in the past five years.
在过去的五年中，中国拍摄了很多部优秀电影。

表示“许多〞的短语有：
(1)a great (good) many/a few/a large (great) number of
修饰可数名词复数
(2)a great (large) amount of/a great deal of/a little
修饰不可数名词
(3)a lot of/lots of/a large quantity of/quantities of
修饰可数或不可数名词
①A great many graduates have been sent to western provinces.许多大学毕业生已经被派往西部省份。

②So far a great deal of money has been spent ，到目前为止这部电影已经花了很多钱。

【导学号：60312021】
③Every day large quantities of waste water are poured (pour) into rivers without being cleaned.
每天大量的废水没有经过处理就被倒入江河。

[名师点津](1)a great/good many所修饰的名词前有物主代词、指示代词、定冠词或名词的所有格以及所修饰的词为人称代词时，其后要加of。

(2)无论quantities of修饰的是可数名词还是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词都用复数；large amounts of 修饰不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

突破2个高考句型
(教材P32)It’s been six years since we last saw each other，you know.
你知道，我们已经六年没见面了。

本句为“It be＋时间段＋since...〞意为“自从……以来已有多久了〞。

主句中假设be为is/has been，since从句用一般过去时；假设be为was，那么从句中用过去完成时。

(1)It was/will be＋一段时间＋before...过了一段时间就发生了某事/要过多久才能发生某事。

(2)It is/was＋时间点＋when... 当……时已是什么时候了。

(3)It is/was＋时间状语＋that... 是在什么时间做的某事(强调句型)
①John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.
约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备了。

②It was six o'clock when we got home last night.
昨天晚上我们到家时已经六点了。

③It was at six o'clock that we got home last night.
昨天晚上我们是在六点钟到家的。

[名师点津]since引导的从句中的动词常用非延续性动词，翻译时是肯定的，表示“自从……多久了〞；since引导的从句中的动词为延续性动词，翻译是否认的，即动作发生时间的起点应从该动作完毕时算起，表示“自从该动作完毕以来已有多久了〞。

(教材P32)And this is the first time I've visited your hometown.
这是我第一次到你的家乡来。

“这是某人第几次做某事〞。

当主句用一般现在时时，that从句中的谓语用现在完成时；当主句用一般过去时时，that从句中的谓语用过去完成时，并且在口语中that还可省略。

①It is the second time that he has gone to her help.
这是他第二次帮她了。

②Was that the last time that he had taken (take) part in the Olympic Games?
那是他最后一次参加奥运会吗？
(1)It is time for sth. 到了做某事的时间了
It is time (for sb.) to do sth. 到了(某人)做某事的时候了
It is
到了某人做某事的时候了
(2)It/ There was a time when... 那是/曾是……的时期
It's high time that I went/should go (go) to the kindergarten to pick up my son.
我该去幼儿园接我的儿子了。

【导学号：60312021】
④Hurry up! It is time for us to go(go) to school.
快点！到我们上学的时间了。

[多角快练]——练单词练短语练句型—————————————
根底考点全面练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．That was the second time that he had been punished (punish) because he drove after drinking.
2．If a lot of people say a film is not good，I won't bother to see (see) it，or I'll wait until it comes out on DVD.
【导学号：60312021】3．(2021·浙江宁海月考)Joan is one of the best writers who have published (publish) a lot of books.
4．—Have you heard about that fire in the market?
—Yes.Fortunately (fortune)，no one was hurt.
5．If your parents couldn't afford to send (send) you to college，you may ask our National Project Hope for help.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It seems that a great many them are out of work now.
在them前加of
2．It was the third time that she visited the History Museum.
在visited前加had
3．With spring approached, many cold­blooded animals are coming out to hunt food.
approached→approaching
重难考点多维练
1．survive多棱镜
(1)单句语法填空
①He was the only one to survive(survive)．He was so lucky.
②The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were no survivors (survive)．
③His only chance of survival (survive) was a heart transplant.
(2)用survive的相关短语及用法完成下面小片段
The little girl was the only ④survivor who ⑤survived the strong earthquake.She told the reporter that she had to ⑥survive on little food during the days when she was buried.I think her ⑦survival was a real wonder.
小女孩是这场大地震的唯一幸存者，她告诉记者她在被埋的日子里只能依靠很少的食物生存，我想她的幸存真的是一个奇迹。

2．since句型全扫描
(1)单句语法填空
①The villagers told us it was two years since the Greens had left(leave) the village.
②It was 2021 when he began to learn how to drive a car.
③It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.
【导学号：60312022】
(2)句型转换
④He has been in Beijing for two years.
→It has been two years since he came to Beijing.
⑤After some time，we'll know the result.
→It will be some time before we know the result.
【导学号：60312023】
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
根据P32教材课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
Xiao Li lives in Xiamen.He is now taking John Martin 1.to visit (visit) his hometown.John Martin thinks it is one of the most attractive places he has been to.The city is lively and its people are so 2.friendly (friend)．Xiao Li says that he feels fortunate 3.living (live) here.The climate in Xiamen is pretty hot and wet in the summer，4.but it can be quite cold in the winter.There are too many 5.tourists(tourist)
.
around in the summer，6.which sometimes can be a nuisance.Many modern buildings 7.have been put (put) up，and there are some great shopping malls in the business district.As they are approaching the harbour，they see some really pretty parks and Gulangyu Island 8.across the water，which is gorgeous with some really 9.interesting(interest) architecture.And now John Martin is starving，so they decide to park their car to have lunch in 10.a nice little fish restaurant.
Ⅱ.高考话题微写作
根据提示运用本模块所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。

1．到目前为止，在一些社会组织的帮助下，我所在社区的很多失业工人重新找到了工作。

(so far；organization；neighbourhood；unemployed) 2．他们感到很幸运，能够实现再就业，从困境中摆脱出来。

(fortunate；get away from)
3．这听起来令人相当鼓舞。

(sound；pretty)
4．他们相信只要努力工作，就能买得起自己的房子。

(afford)
【参考范文】
So far，with the help of some social organizations，a great many unemployed workers in my neighbourhood have found work again.They felt fortunate to be on work and get away from difficult times.It sounds pretty encouraging.They believe that as long as they work hard，they can afford to buy their own houses.
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