chapter 10 Insurance 《外贸英语函电》PPT课件
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Basic Knowledge
3.All Risks
Aside from the risks covered under the F.P.A and W.A conditions as above, this insurance also covers all risks of loss or damage to the insured goods whether partial or total, arising from external causes in the course of transit. 一切险的责任范围除包括上列“平安险”和“水渍险”的所 有责任外，还包括货物在运输过程中，因各种外来原因所造 成保险货物的损失。不论全损或部分损失，除对某些运输途 耗的货物，经保险公司与被保险人双约定在保险单上载明的 免赔率外，保险公司都给予赔偿。
special extra risks 特殊附加险
16
Basic Knowledge
General Extra Risks一般附加险
1)T.P.N.D. Theft, Pilferage and Non-Delivery 2)Fresh Water and Rain Damage
Fresh and/or Rain Water Damage 3)Risk of Shortage 4)Risk of Intermixture and Contamination Risks 5)Risk of Leakage 6)Risk of Clash and Breakage 7)Risk of Odour3ຫໍສະໝຸດ Basic Knowledge
Broker in the western countries, the exporter, who wishes to have his goods insured, does not approach the insurer directly but instructs an insurance broker to insure on his behalf. The exporter forwards his instructions on a form supplied by the broker and gives the required details on the form. The broker, who is authorized to place insurance with certain limits, write the particulars of the proposed insurance on a document called “slip”(pink slip. An employee's termination notice.) and sends the assured a memorandum of the insurance on a duplicate form of instructions.
11
Basic Knowledge
Average
In insurance , the word “average” means expenses or loss by damage of ship or cargo in the course of sea transportation due to natural calamities and accidents and extraneous risks.
9
Basic Knowledge
2.Partial Loss means that the loss to the goods is only partial. Particular Average单独海损 General Average共同海损
10
Basic Knowledge
Particular Average单独海损 : If a particular cargo is damaged by any cause the damage is called particular average and the loss must be borne by the owner of this individual consignment. General Average共同海损: Which is of an entirely different character. If applies to a loss intentionally insured in the general interest of the ship owner and the owners of the various cargoes. This loss is borne by all concerned in proportion.
19
Basic Knowledge
In marine cargo insurance, the insured may take out any one of the three basic covers, i.e.(that is) F.P.A., W.P.A., or All Risks, as the case may be. If further protection is needed, he may further insure his goods against one or several General Extra Risks and Special Extra Risks in addition to the F.P.A. or W.A. effected. When goods are insured with All Risks clause, they can be further insured against one or several of the Special Extra Risks. No extra risks, general or special , can be taken out alone. Only when any of the three basic conditions is covered, can then the general or special extra risks clauses be effected, if so required.
15
Basic Knowledge
Insurance Covers of Additional Extra Risks Risks that are not covered under the basic insurance covers F.P.A. and W.P.A. mentioned above may be insured against under separate declaration by the insured. The risks may be general extra risks 一般附加险
2
Basic Knowledge
For insurer, the following should be referred to: Underwriter, insurance company, broker Underwriter is a person who makes insurance contracts for the goods transported by sea. Insurance company is an insurer or organization that collects premiums and underwrites policies.
Basic Knowledge
Insurer/assurer is the party who insures others against loss or damage and undertakes to make payment in case of loss. Insured/assured is the party who is insured against loss and to whom payment covering the loss will be made.
6
Basic Knowledge
Kinds of perils: In marine insurance, perils are generally of two kinds: 1.Perils of Sea海上风险 (1) Natural Calamities 自然灾害 (2) Fortuitous Accidents意外事故 2.Extraneous Risks 附加险
7
Basic Knowledge
Kinds of losses: Losses fall into two main classes: Total Loss and Partial Loss
8
Basic Knowledge
1.Total Loss : Actual Total Loss实际全损 Constructive Total Loss CTL推定全损
12
Basic Knowledge
Insurance Cover/Coverage保险险别 PICC provides three basic types of insurance cover
13
Basic Knowledge
1.Free from Particular Average (F.P.A)平安险 2.With Particular Average (W.P.A)
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Basic Knowledge
8)Damage Caused by Sweating and Heating 9)Hook Damage 10)Loss for Damage Caused by Breakage of Packing 11) Risk of Rust
18
Basic Knowledge
Aside from the risks covered under the F.P.A condition as above, this insurance (WPA) also covers partial losses of the insured goods caused by heavy weather, lightening, earthquake and/or flood. 水渍险的责任范围除了包括上列“平安险”的各项责任外， 还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水 等自然灾害所造成的部分损失。
Actual Total Loss where vessel or cargo are totally and irretrievably lost. Constructive Total Loss in a case where the ship or the goods have been abandoned because the cost of salvage or recovery would have been out of proportion to the value.
4
Basic Knowledge
Documents of Insurance 1)Insurance Policy保险单 2)Insurance Certificate保险凭证 3)Combined Certificate联合保单 4)Open Cover/Policy/Floating Policy开口保单5)Insurance Declaration保险声明书6)Endorsement保险批单
5
Basic Knowledge
Perils and losses风险及损失 Goods during transportation on sea and in the course of loading and unloading might meet various kinds of perils and the goods might suffer loss of one kind or another:
Special Extra Risks are:特殊附加险
1)Failure to Delivery Risk 2)Import Duty Risk 3)On Desk Risk 4)Rejection Risk 5)Aflatoxin Risk 6)Ocean Marine Cargo War Risks 7)Strikes, Riots and Civil Commotions Risks.
Basic Knowledge
3.All Risks
Aside from the risks covered under the F.P.A and W.A conditions as above, this insurance also covers all risks of loss or damage to the insured goods whether partial or total, arising from external causes in the course of transit. 一切险的责任范围除包括上列“平安险”和“水渍险”的所 有责任外，还包括货物在运输过程中，因各种外来原因所造 成保险货物的损失。不论全损或部分损失，除对某些运输途 耗的货物，经保险公司与被保险人双约定在保险单上载明的 免赔率外，保险公司都给予赔偿。
special extra risks 特殊附加险
16
Basic Knowledge
General Extra Risks一般附加险
1)T.P.N.D. Theft, Pilferage and Non-Delivery 2)Fresh Water and Rain Damage
Fresh and/or Rain Water Damage 3)Risk of Shortage 4)Risk of Intermixture and Contamination Risks 5)Risk of Leakage 6)Risk of Clash and Breakage 7)Risk of Odour3ຫໍສະໝຸດ Basic Knowledge
Broker in the western countries, the exporter, who wishes to have his goods insured, does not approach the insurer directly but instructs an insurance broker to insure on his behalf. The exporter forwards his instructions on a form supplied by the broker and gives the required details on the form. The broker, who is authorized to place insurance with certain limits, write the particulars of the proposed insurance on a document called “slip”(pink slip. An employee's termination notice.) and sends the assured a memorandum of the insurance on a duplicate form of instructions.
11
Basic Knowledge
Average
In insurance , the word “average” means expenses or loss by damage of ship or cargo in the course of sea transportation due to natural calamities and accidents and extraneous risks.
9
Basic Knowledge
2.Partial Loss means that the loss to the goods is only partial. Particular Average单独海损 General Average共同海损
10
Basic Knowledge
Particular Average单独海损 : If a particular cargo is damaged by any cause the damage is called particular average and the loss must be borne by the owner of this individual consignment. General Average共同海损: Which is of an entirely different character. If applies to a loss intentionally insured in the general interest of the ship owner and the owners of the various cargoes. This loss is borne by all concerned in proportion.
19
Basic Knowledge
In marine cargo insurance, the insured may take out any one of the three basic covers, i.e.(that is) F.P.A., W.P.A., or All Risks, as the case may be. If further protection is needed, he may further insure his goods against one or several General Extra Risks and Special Extra Risks in addition to the F.P.A. or W.A. effected. When goods are insured with All Risks clause, they can be further insured against one or several of the Special Extra Risks. No extra risks, general or special , can be taken out alone. Only when any of the three basic conditions is covered, can then the general or special extra risks clauses be effected, if so required.
15
Basic Knowledge
Insurance Covers of Additional Extra Risks Risks that are not covered under the basic insurance covers F.P.A. and W.P.A. mentioned above may be insured against under separate declaration by the insured. The risks may be general extra risks 一般附加险
2
Basic Knowledge
For insurer, the following should be referred to: Underwriter, insurance company, broker Underwriter is a person who makes insurance contracts for the goods transported by sea. Insurance company is an insurer or organization that collects premiums and underwrites policies.
Basic Knowledge
Insurer/assurer is the party who insures others against loss or damage and undertakes to make payment in case of loss. Insured/assured is the party who is insured against loss and to whom payment covering the loss will be made.
6
Basic Knowledge
Kinds of perils: In marine insurance, perils are generally of two kinds: 1.Perils of Sea海上风险 (1) Natural Calamities 自然灾害 (2) Fortuitous Accidents意外事故 2.Extraneous Risks 附加险
7
Basic Knowledge
Kinds of losses: Losses fall into two main classes: Total Loss and Partial Loss
8
Basic Knowledge
1.Total Loss : Actual Total Loss实际全损 Constructive Total Loss CTL推定全损
12
Basic Knowledge
Insurance Cover/Coverage保险险别 PICC provides three basic types of insurance cover
13
Basic Knowledge
1.Free from Particular Average (F.P.A)平安险 2.With Particular Average (W.P.A)
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Basic Knowledge
8)Damage Caused by Sweating and Heating 9)Hook Damage 10)Loss for Damage Caused by Breakage of Packing 11) Risk of Rust
18
Basic Knowledge
Aside from the risks covered under the F.P.A condition as above, this insurance (WPA) also covers partial losses of the insured goods caused by heavy weather, lightening, earthquake and/or flood. 水渍险的责任范围除了包括上列“平安险”的各项责任外， 还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水 等自然灾害所造成的部分损失。
Actual Total Loss where vessel or cargo are totally and irretrievably lost. Constructive Total Loss in a case where the ship or the goods have been abandoned because the cost of salvage or recovery would have been out of proportion to the value.
4
Basic Knowledge
Documents of Insurance 1)Insurance Policy保险单 2)Insurance Certificate保险凭证 3)Combined Certificate联合保单 4)Open Cover/Policy/Floating Policy开口保单5)Insurance Declaration保险声明书6)Endorsement保险批单
5
Basic Knowledge
Perils and losses风险及损失 Goods during transportation on sea and in the course of loading and unloading might meet various kinds of perils and the goods might suffer loss of one kind or another:
Special Extra Risks are:特殊附加险
1)Failure to Delivery Risk 2)Import Duty Risk 3)On Desk Risk 4)Rejection Risk 5)Aflatoxin Risk 6)Ocean Marine Cargo War Risks 7)Strikes, Riots and Civil Commotions Risks.