写作一

第一章写作B部分
第一节考试要求
一、考试形式
要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇150词以上的英语说明文或议论文。

提供情景的形式为图画、图表或文字。

二、考试要求
能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。

短文应中心思想明确、切中提意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。

三、评分原则和方法
四、解题步骤
五、高分策略
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第二节写作技巧
一、框架结构
（一）introduction
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(二)body:
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(三)conclusion:
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二、遣词造句四大要素
（一）ACCURACY：
（二）V ARIETY
（三）DIFFICULTY
（四）SPLENDOR
三、亮点设置
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Natural disasters claim thousands of lives every year.
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Only in this way can we promote cultural development positively and make our world dimensional, colorful and vigorous.
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倒装句：Only in this way can laid-off workers completely shrug off poverty and regain their dignity in life.
强调句：In conclusion, it is persistent work that is conducive to your grasping a large/considerable vocabulary.
虚拟语气：Given all the above argument, it is high time that the authorities enforced reforms to convert traditional education strategy into education for all-round development/quality-oriented education.
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四、图表作文
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（三）经典图表术语
Words for Describing Changes and Trends Verbs and nouns for describing changes and trends
第三节二十大必背范文
一、图画作文
（一）北京奥运
The picture is the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics logo. The emblem has a single Chinese character on a tradi tional red Chinese seal. The English words “Beijing 2008” are written with a Chinese brush below it. At the bottom of the picture, there are the five rings of Olympic Games. The figure in the logo resembles a runner or dancer and the Chinese character “jing” which means “capital”.
The image carries the message that today’s China is not only a nation with a long and glorious history, but also one full of modern dynamics. First and foremost, this logo is a journey to the future, the emblem for China moving towards the 2008 Olympic Games. What is more, it is a symbol of the city’s promise to make the Games a success. Accordingly, this emblem represents the heart of an ancient culture embracing the modern world, the spirit of a people moving towards a new destiny.
In my view, first of all, the Olympic Game represents the spirit of sports. Arms flung wide, it invites all people and the world to share the city’s history, beauty, energy, and its future. In addition, it is a gesture of friendship and hope that the community of nations will unite in peace through sports.
（二）中国航天
It is vividly depicted in the pictures that the Shenzhou-VII, or “Divine Ship,” has carried three Chinese astronauts into orbit and the country into the prestigious space club pioneered four decades ago by the former Soviet Union and United States. As the inventor of the ancient rocket, the Chinese nation had cherished a space dream for centuries. The launch of its first satellite, the Dongfanghong, in 1970 ushered in china’s space age. At present, the Shenzhou-VII marks another giant stride in China’s space trek.
The blast-off of China’s manned spacecraft will definitely breathe new energy into the country’s pursuit of space technologies for the overall welfare of its people. Just imagine what new seed varieties with higher yields and better qualities, which are developed in space, would mean to a country with 1.3 billion people. It is hoped that wider applications of space technology will turn out to be an important driving force in the country’s economic and social development.
It is my view that expensive as they are, manned missions are worth it. In addition to offering a tremendous boost to a country’s technological capabilities and creating a plenitude of other possibilities, they are a huge morale booster. The successful launch of Shenzhou-VII has clearly showcased the value of devotion, co-operation and pursuit of the unknown. And the upbeat spirit the three Chinese astronauts demonstrated in the face of the unknown will inspire the nation to take on challenges as it continues to evolve.
（三）和谐社会
As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon, a smart boy and a pretty girl are staring at a huge construction entitled “harmonious society”. The construction is based on harmonious cities, countries, communities, families, campuses, enterprises and medical treatment, to name only a
few.
Although a lot of efforts have been put into bridging the widening gap between rich and poor in our nation, the situation is far from optimistic. A case in point is the uneven development of our nation. On the one hand, some people in the developed areas of country are enjoying almost everything that modern civilization can offer – luxury cars, expensive house and other devices for comfortable life.On the other hand, in some underdeveloped areas, a great many people are still living in sheer poverty. They do not have the minimal means of living, even no money for the education of the young. Looking at all these, how can we stay aloof and easy?
Our nation is building up a harmonious society. If we do not do something to harmonize the situation by achieving common welfare for all the people, how can we accomplish that noble goal? To begin with, we each individual should start from right here and now, and attach great value and importance to the urgency of the issue. Furthermore, in a bid to working towards a harmonious nation where the rich is just and the poor secure, it is high time that we took drastic actions to build up a harmonious society.
（四）环境保护
It is symbolically revealed in the cartoon that sand storm in a city is so heavy that taxis cannot move any more. A passenger with a mask on his mouth, is riding on the back of a camel, which is the new “taxi”.
The purpose of the cartoon is to show us that utmost importance should be attached to environmental protection. On the one hand, it so happens that we cut trees to clear land for farming and level up a lake to build houses. The result of so doing and other destructive developments is deforestation and uncontrollable desertification, thus driving us homeless like the scene we see above. On the other hand, scientists have warned that unless drastic steps are taken, the problem of sand storm will eventually get out of hand. As a matter of fact, people from all walks of life are showing a real concern over this issue.
From my point of view, we should work out concrete solutions to the problem. For one thing, the best way to fight back against the greedy desert is to vigorously set about the task of planting trees and grasses for the reforestation to reclaim the land. For another, since trees play a vital role in water and soil conservation, we must waste no natural resources and possibly develop alternative forms of energy to replace the decreasing resources. Accordingly, the earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and our descendants.
（五）环境保护
The cartoon vividly depicts a little bird shedding tears for its lost paradise. In the picture given, a bird, cold and hungry, is squatting on a lonely trunk, overlooking the desolation of trunks left after trees were cut down. The bird seems to be asking itself, “Where is my homeland?”
At present, environment protection has become the source of greatest complaint in a great many developing countries. First of all, the destruction of forests is only part of the threat to the ecological balance of the planet. What is more, the sad little bird is a symbol of all living creatures, including humans, and, like the bird, we too will be left homeless if we allow the destruction of the environment to continue.
As environmental issues have seriously affected people’s daily life and economic development, the government should give rise to it and call in experts for advice. First and
foremost, we must take positive steps right now to put an end to the plundering of the Earth’s natural resources. Furthermore, there is no denying that the drawer of the picture is urging us to start with a campaign to save the forests. Only by doing so can we strike a sustainable development of the world.
（六）环境污染
The pictures symbolically illustrate pollution is becoming increasingly serious around the globe. In the first cartoon, a man is scorching the earth on a chimney. In the second one, Wang Bo, the famous ancient Chinese poet, is astonished by the heavy smoke poured by chimneys and the dirty river polluted by a factory. We are informed that“the autumn river shares a scenic hue with the vast sky”.
The drawer is sending a message about the significance of the need for everyone to fight against the danger of environmental pollution. There is no denying that a developed industry is indications of civilization, progress and development. Unfortunately, as industry develops, a number of factories spring up and so will the pollutants. We are so development-oriented that we almost sacrifice our blue sky and pure water in purpose of obtaining a little material gain.
As a consequence, it is imperative for us to take drastic actions. On the one hand, factories should be equipped with devices when can dispose of waste gas and water in a bid to prevent them from polluting our planet. On the other hands, there should be an increasingly loud voice from the public for firm measures against poisonous gas and unhealthy water sent off by factories.
（七）交通问题
The pictures vividly reveal that heavy traffic is becoming increasingly serious all over the world. In the first photo, there is traffic congestion on the road with numerous cars, trucks and buses. In the second picture, hundreds of people are waiting for a train.
We can deduce from the pictures that the photographer is trying to attract our attention to the issue of heavy traffic. First of all, every year men and women crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living, and the excitement and stimulation of urban life. As people in mounting numbers flood into cities, city services and facilities have been strained to a breaking point. In addition, in a city with booming industry, land is precious and cannot be extravagantly used by traffic. Traffic flows constantly rise to fill whatever scale of roads and highways provided for them.
It is imperative for us to improve this situation. For one thing, the number of private cars should be limited while more bus routes should be opened up because buses can accommodate more passengers. For another, more streets and roads should be constructed. Since neither of the suggestions can effectively solve the problem, there is an increasing awareness that the two solutions may be combined with other possible solutions to produce the best effect.
（八）诚信问题
As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon, some people who call themselves “scholars”are doing their research. Instead of writing his own research papers, he resorts to copying other’s dissertations. Looking at the picture, we cannot but worry about the problem of intellectual honesty – an issue vital to the healthy development of science and technology.
Suppose that every scientist or researcher does not do experiments, but plagiarize others’findings, then what would happen? There would be no academic credibility and people would no longer believe what the scientists say. Since scientists are noble elites of society, if their words are unreliable, the credibility of the whole society would deteriorate and collapse.
As a consequence, intellectual credibility is not something that we can afford to lose or leave it at large. To begin with, relevant laws and regulations should be made to severely punish those who plagiarize others’works. In addition, we should cultivate the awareness of the young that academic honesty is extremely vital to us. In short, it is high time we took effective measures to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the cartoon.
（九）职业道德
The cartoons vividly depict people in expanding numbers are engaged in open and rampant cheating in business. In the first drawing, a boy has no courage to have dinner in front of delicious foods in that there may exist pesticide residue or poisonous elements. In the second picture, the administrative office, salesmen, breeding families and forage shops are laughing at the hanging of a poisonous duck.
Dishonesty has a very damaging effect. In the first place, since cheating in business reveals the moral deficiencies as well as the humanity weakness of those businessmen who engage in it, the dishonest practice will ultimately exert a negative influence on the whole society. In the second place, it not only puts honest businessmen at a competitive disadvantage, but undermines the very foundation of professional ethics in business.
It is often painful to impose sanctions in a specific case. But it is worthwhile. For one thing, to eliminate dishonesty thoroughly, serious forms of punishment for a willful offense–a suspension of the offender from business –should be applied. For another, since the incentives to engage in business fraud are mainly due to a lack of adequate precautions, drastic actions should be taken to prevent one form of cheating another.
（十）就业问题
As is illustrated in the pictures, thousands of students in Henan and Zhejiang Province went to two conferences to find jobs. Job hunting has been a headache for college graduates.
Why do college graduates find it increasingly difficult to get jobs? The causes of this phenomenon are various. For one thing, a few years ago colleges and universities enrolled so many students in popular majors, such as economy, finance and so on that the number of graduates is greater than the need in the market. For another,most graduates would rather stay in large cities without suitable job to do than go to the country. According to the recent statistics by China’s Ministry of Education, 3.38 million college students graduated all over the country in 2005 and only 75% of them are employed right after graduation.
I assume this hard nut can be cracked if both colleges and students take effective actions. First and foremost, universities should research the market and develop special skills to suit its need. In addition, students’attitude towards employment should be changed. Going to some small cities and country, they can give full play to their professional knowledge and practical skills. Briefly speaking, if we attach more importance to it, situation can be improved.
（十一）中西方文化
The cartoons vividly depict the current celebration of western and Chinese festivals in China. In the first picture, the Lantern festival is defeated by St. Valentine’s Day on an arena. The caption reads, “The Lantern Festival PK St. Valentine’s Day”. In the second picture, a happy Santa Claus with lots of gifts is running in front of two astonished Chinese children with firecrackers and lanterns in their hands. We are informed that“the Spring Festival is in danger”.
The purpose of the drawings is to show us that importance should be attached to the issue of festival celebration. On the one hand, western festivals are so colorful that the youth, in particular, cannot resist the temptation of them. Just imagine the romantic atmosphere on St. Valentine’s Day, the fun on All Fool’s Day and the ecstasy brought by gifts and games at Christmas. On the other hand, Chinese Festivals have their own attractions. Think about the comfort of family reunion during Spring Festival and the delicacy of national feelings on many occasions.
As for me, some fashionable western festivals are no doubt to be celebrated as special days. Meanwhile, I cannot afford to be absent from family gathering during many Chinese festivals. I would enjoy the happiness of both western festivals and Chinese ones.
（十二）网络问题
In recent years, people are developing an inseparable relationship with Internet. As is vividly depicted in the picture, it is convenient for us to click the mouse when surfing on-line, either to entertain ourselves or to meet the work’s needs. Actually surfing the Internet has become a daily routine in our life. However, it seems rather ironic to use a chain instead of a cord to connect with the mouse in this picture. The exaggerative and impressive portrayal has subtly revealed the duality of the relationship between man and Internet.
Discussions on the duality become very popular in newspapers or in people’s chats. On the one hand, no one denies that Internet is currently one of the most useful media in our daily life. People from all walks of life are benefiting considerably from its powerful function of information communication. As a college student, I get on-line every day to read the news, to study English by registering for web courses, to exchange information with my net friends through e-mails and to download my favorite music, flash, film and pictures. Being a veteran online shopper, I frequently purchase books, CDs at much lower prices. But on the other hand, a good many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain a regular and wholesome lifestyle. Cyber-living resembles the experience of looking constantly into a kaleidoscope which displays both colored patterns and illusions. Once indulged in the fictitious world, people can barely concentrate on real life. Consequently, many students just chat on-line or play computer games immoderately every day, skipping many important classes. Such a waste of time inevitably leads to their failure in the exams.
Therefore, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence. After all, Internet is invented to enrich our life, to connect you and me, and to improve the efficiency of our work rather that shackle us with a chain.
（十三）网上交友
The cartoon vividly shows that when two teenagers meet their net friend named “Beauty”, to their astonishment, they find an old lady in front of a computer. The purpose of this drawing is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the issue of Internet friendship.
According to the recent survey by the Chinese Academy of Social Science, 80% of people who roam the information Superhighway are there in search of social interaction. As a consequence, the voice speaking through the other side of the line can be used to disguise aspects of a user’s personality. And this might bring an unpleasant or even damaging outcome. Numerous examples can be given, but this will suffice. One of my closest friends, Helen, started a net relationship with a man she knew as “Prince Charming”. The physical contact, however, reveals that her beloved idol was a husband with wife.
In my view, first and foremost, it is true that people may gain community on the Net, but this exists only in cyberspace. Furthermore, although Internet friendship can give users companionship and even romance, it often ends with failure and even disaster. It is high time that we placed great emphasis on this phenomenon.
（十四）青少年教育
The cartoon vividly illustrates a gang of youngsters, holding axes in their hands, are rushing to fight with others. The caption reads, “Juvenile delinquency has shown a low-age trend.”
Careful deliberation of this problem has given me several ideas as to why this should be so. To begin with, with the rising divorce rate, some children are not properly taken care of, and are easily led astray by evildoers. What is more, devoid of the nourishment of education and a school environment, the teenagers failing in various entrance examinations become full of resentment at a society which they feel has rejected them. Last but not least, inexperienced and gullible young people plunge into the illusory world of video games, online chat or even pornography. Such alienation from proper social values is the slippery slope to crime.
It is my view that, first of all, the whole society should attach great importance to the sound growth of youngsters. Furthermore, proper guidance and protection from adults and schools are vital to teenagers. To sum up, if we exert every effort, the juvenile crime rate will undoubtedly be brought down and effectively controlled in a short while.
（十五）宠物问题
The cartoons vividly depict people in mounting numbers are keeping various kinds of animals as pets.In the first picture,a dog, which is a lady’s pet, also has its own pet. In the second drawing,a pet cat led by an old lady is astonished by a pet mouse walking across the street.
Two fundamental factors can account for this phenomenon. In the first place, with the quickening pace of modern life and the fierce competition of society, people in expanding numbers feel a sense of indifference, brought upon by a lack of normal communication in the family and an absence of social interaction in the neighborhood. In the second place, there is a definite link between the increase in the number of people keeping pets and the rise in people’s living standards. According to some pet owners, the care of a dog can cost on average 20 RMB a day – the amount of money which could buy a whole family a day’s food in the past.
It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation. On the one hand, pets are good, affectionate, loyal and obedient companions to their masters. On the other hand, since China is a developing country and a great many people are still living below the poverty line, keeping pets is a rather costly and time-consuming hobby.
（十六）个人隐私
The cartoon vividly illustrates a man is astonished an numerous personal data out of a computer. The data include home address, hobbies and interests, employer, Identification Card number, phone number, credit card number, personal photographs, social relationships, and so on.
In recent years, a great many mass media focus on the activities of film stars, pop singers and even ordinary people. First and foremost, reporters disguise their identities, infiltrate into the subject’s business and family, or even wiretap them –to get the news by hook or by crook. In addition, since celebrities are newsworthy figures, and their stories draw far more attention than those of other people, it is natural that the press tries to attract the public to buy their magazines or surf on Internet by featuring private life of famous people. Generally speaking,a large readership means the rise in the circulation of their publications, hence a huge profit.
In my view, exposing people’s privacy does more harm than good. In the first place, those exposed people can be severely injured. In the second place, we have the right to keep our own privacy, the basic right which should be respected, protected and guaranteed by our laws and regulations under whatever circumstances.
（十七）高薪与快乐
The cartoons vividly depict the relationship between wealth and happiness.In the first picture, a graduate is standing on the top of a hill named “high salary”. In the second drawing, a magnate is imprisoned by a diamond crown. The caption reads, “Wealth is not equal to happiness”.
There is no doubt that wealth brings happiness, especially in the modern society. Various kinds of up-to-date household appliances, latest fashions and recreations make their appearances with each passing day. On the contrary, wealth can also lead to disasters if we have an inappropriate approach to it. Wealth may tempt weak-willed persons to be addicted to harmful habits, such as drug-taking and gambling, and result in their ruin.
From my point of view, one should never rely only on wealth to achieve happiness. For one thing, a person may lose his reason and go astray if he only intends to seek wealth and indulges himself in leading a luxurious life. For another, there are some government officials who take advantage of their positions to take bribes from the people turning to them for help. Hence, on no account can we equate happiness with wealth.
（十八）出国留学
The picture vividly depicts that three young students are flying in the sky. With a bag on the back, each of them is holding a huge book entitled “Studying Abroad”. The caption reads, “Going abroad for studies is enjoying a striking popularity nowadays”.
The purpose of the cartoon is to show us that importance should be attached to studying abroad. First and foremost, living and studying abroad offers students a different perspective of the world. On a university campus, international students are likely to encounter their counterparts from various countries and areas, and are exposed to diverse ideas and values. What is more, overseas experiences are the best opportunity for the real-life use of foreign languages. There is no better opportunity to improve second-language skills than living in the country in which it is spoken.
In conclusion, it is my view that although going abroad is expensive and perhaps painful, the payoff is worthwhile. In the first place, in addition to knowledge, overseas students can gain precious experiences that those who stay at home will never have. Furthermore, overseas experiences, frustrating and painful as they may be, are conducive to the growth of adolescents. Accordingly, the difficulty, coupled with the frustration brought by culture shock, is a rewarding treasure for one’s future life and development of personality.
（十九）全球变暖
As is subtly revealed in the cartoons above, global warming is a real threat to our world. In the first drawing, the glaciers in the polar region are rapidly melting owing to global warming. In the second picture, a homeless polar bear is staying on an isolated big block of ice.
The purpose of these portrayals is to show us that global warming is a looming threat to people all over the world. To begin with, global warming leads to the rise of sea levels. Chinese coastal regions would gradually disappear with rising sea levels, which would severely impair the country’s social and economic progress. In addition, global warming increases the possibility and intensity of extreme weather such as hurricanes and snowstorms. Hurricanes and typhoons have become stronger and longer-lasting over the past 30 years. These upheavels correlate with the rise in sea surface temperatures due to global warming.
Taking into account the devastating effects of global warming, we can draw the conclusion that global warming is a great threat to our world.Facing the growing menace of global warming, we should take more scientific and active preventive measures on a larger scale to change for the better.
（二十）低碳经济
As is symbolically illustrated in the picture, a lovely baby is sleeping comfortably on the beautiful earth with a little bird singing around him. In the drawing, a huge green umbrella shelters the baby and the earth from the threatening outside world. The caption indicates that we should advocate low-carbon economy and cherish the earth.
The painter aims at reminding us the relationship between low-carbon economy and environmental protection. In the first place, low-carbon economy is crucial to sustainable economic development. Economic expansion causes irreparable damage to our environment. The fragile ecological environment, insufficient environmental capacity and shortage of resources are becoming critical problems hindering the world’s development. If we want to achieve sustainable development, environmental protection should be integrated into our economic endeavors. Low-carbon economy will have a direct impact on the overall situation of the world’s modernization drive and its long-term development. In the second place, environmental protection is in line with traditional Chinese culture. One of the core principles of traditional Chinese culture is to maintain harmony between man and nature. Many philosophies from Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism have emphasized the significance of a balanced environment. As an old Chinese saying goes, “Forefathers plant trees so future generations can enjoy the shade.” Therefore, protecting our environment and preserving a healthy environment for future generations goes hand in hand with Chinese culture.
In conclusion, low-carbon economy is indispensable for sustainable development.。