【2018新课标 高考必考知识点 教学计划 教学安排 教案设计】高一英语：核心词汇(4)

A. burst into cry 答案：
(3) Her heart was slightly _____________ as a result of her long illness.
(4) The castle now lies in ______________. b）hurt, wound, injure, harm
(1) Tom fell down from the tree and ____________ his legs.
3. injure ['ɪndʒə] v. 损害；伤害
【拓展】 injury n. 伤；伤害 do an injury to sb. = do sb. an injury 伤害某人 injured adj. 受伤的 the injured 伤员
【例句】
If you try and lift that suitcase, you’ll do yourself an injury. 如果要提起那只箱子，你会受伤。
After the battle, they counted the injured and dead. 战役结束后，他们统计了伤亡人数。 【辨析】
1
injure v. wound v. hurt v.&n.
harm v.&n.
一般指由于意外或事故而 受伤 主要指暴力或战争中所受 的外伤 指精神上受伤或身体某部 位感到疼痛
【例句】
The country lay in ruins after the war. 战争后，整个国家破败不堪。
That mistake ruined his chances of getting the job. 那个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。
【辨析】
ruin v.& n.
自然因素造成的毁灭性的破坏； The bad weather ruined the crops. 坏天气破坏 或破坏美好的事物、希望等。 了庄稼。
1. 选词填空 a）destroy, damage, ruin
(1) Nuclear weapons can ____________ the earth completely.
(2) All their hopes were _____________ by her letter of refusal.
高中英语 核心词汇（4） 编稿老师 王雅丽 一校
林卉
二校
杨雪
审核 潘亮
1. burst [bɜːst] vi.& n. 爆裂；爆发；突然爆裂
【易错点】 burst 的过去式和过去分词为不规则变化：burst, burst。
【拓展】 burst into tears = burst out crying 突然哭起来 burst into sth. /in 闯入；破门而入 burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/ 乐不可支
destroy 彻底地毁坏，不可恢复。
The bridge was completely destroyed. 这座桥
v.&n.
被完全毁坏。
damange 功能部分受损，可恢复。 v.& n.
They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged. 他们设法修复了被损坏的房子。
Smoking seriously harmed /did harm to his health. 吸烟严重损害了他的健康。
4. judge [dʒʌdʒ] n. 裁判；法官 vt. 审判；判断；认为
【拓展】 judge sth. from / by sth.根据某事来判断 judge sb./ sth. to be… 认为/断定某人或某物是„„ as far as I can judge 据我判断 judging from/by sth. 根据某事判断 judgment n.判定；评价
(2) Smoking will do ____________ to your health.
(3) The bullet
him in the back.
(4) He didn’t want to ____________ her feelings.
2. Every time he thought of his past, he often _______________.
【难点】 judging from/by 用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。
【例句】
The judge judged that the ancient painting should be judged by some judges of art. 法官判决这幅古画应由一些擅长艺术鉴定的鉴赏家来鉴定。 Don’t judge a person by his appearance / looks. 不要以貌取人。 As far as I can judge, he was not telling the truth. 据我判断，他当时没有说真话。 Judging from/by his accent, he must be American. 根据他的口音判断，他一定是美国人。
【例句】 She burst out laughing when she heard the news. 当她听到这个消息，大笑起来。
= She burst into laughter when she heard the news.
2. ruin ['ruːɪn] n. 废墟；毁灭 vt. 毁灭；使（计划，希望等）破产
大多表示对身体的伤害
Several children were injured in the accident. 好几 个孩子在那次事故中受伤。 The soldier was slightly wounded in the head. 那位 士兵头部受轻伤。 His words hurt me. 他的话伤了我。 He fell and hurt his leg on the way home. 在回家的 路上，他掉下来伤了腿。