生鲜食品冷链物流发展问题及路径研究

本科生毕业论文

生鲜食品冷链物流发展问题及路径研究

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年级：2011级

系别：经济管理系

专业：物流管理

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职称：讲师

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目录

摘要 .......................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... II 前言 .. (1)

一、基本理论概述 (3)

（一）生鲜食品的含义 (3)

（二）物流的界定 (3)

（三）冷链物流的综述 (4)

二、国内外生鲜食品冷链物流发展现状 (6)

（一）国外生鲜食品冷链物流的发展现状 (6)

（二）国内生鲜食品冷链物流的发展现状 (8)

三、国内外生鲜食品冷链物流对比分析 (11)

（一）硬件基础发展迅速，但仍不能满足冷链物流发展的需要 (11)

（二）信息化水平稳步提高，但离发达国家仍有一定距离 (11)

（三）冷链物流专业人才缺乏 (12)

（四）市场化程度低，第三方冷链物流企业发展滞后 (13)

（五）行业标准不健全，食品安全防护弱 (13)

四、我国生鲜食品冷链物流的发展路径 (14)

（一）大力发展先进的冷藏运输设备和低温仓库 (14)

（二）提高冷链物流信息化技术应用水平 (14)

（三）培养专业冷链物流人才 (15)

（四）利用第三方物流企业以推动冷链物流的发展 (16)

（五）加大政府支持力度促进行业标准完善 (17)

结束语 (18)

参考文献 (19)

后记 (20)

摘要

近年来随着我国经济的发展和生活水平的提高，生活节奏不断加快，消费者对食品供应的实效性和品质要求越来越高，生活方式的变化，使得人们花费在厨房里的时间越来越少，对冷冻、冷藏食品的需求大幅上涨。据数据显示我国的冷藏冷冻食品的总量以每年10%的比例增长，冷藏冷冻食品的销售量占到食品销售总量的10%左右。初级农产品、各类水产品、速冻食品、包装熟食、奶制品的产量和流通量逐年增加，相关的冷链物流运作越来越受到关注。此外随着生活水平日益改善，人们的食品安全意识，食品质量理念进一步提高，全社会对生鲜食品的安全和品质提出了更高的要求。人们开始更多地关注产品的整体市场表现力，从而开始关心与产品生产、流通、销售有关的活动。生鲜食品冷链物流作为食品从生产到消费领域的重要安全保障应运而生。冷链物流作为食品安全链条中的重要一环，已成为衡量一个国家流通领域发展水平和科技含量高低的重要标志，也成为政府和百姓密切关注的领域。但低温物流一向被业界忽视，每年我国因低温物流发展落后而造成腐烂的损失非常严重，导致物流成本提高。全国每年果品腐烂损失近1200万吨，蔬菜腐烂损失1.3亿吨。加快发展冷链物流，对于促进农业、冷冻食品业发展，稳定农民持续增收和保障食品安全意义重大。

文章首先较系统地论述了物流及冷链物流相关理论知识及国外和国内冷链物流发展情况，通过分析我国生鲜物流的特点，指出冷链物流对于生鲜品流通的重大意义，从而挖掘出我国发展生鲜品冷链物流的巨大潜力，结合当前国内生鲜品冷链物流的现状，剖析了存在的问题，并针对这些问题提出了加强生鲜品冷链物流体系建设的具体措施。

关键词：生鲜食品；冷链物流；发展路径

ABSTRACT

In recent years, with the improvement of China's economic development and living standards, the accelerating pace of life, the consumer and the effectiveness of the food supply more high-quality, lifestyle changes, making people spend time in the kitchen more and The fewer, the sharp rise in the demand for frozen and refrigerated foods. According to statistics of the total amount of refrigerated and frozen foods to increase the proportion of 10% a year, sales of refrigerated and frozen food products accounted for about 10 percent of total food sales. Primary agricultural products, all kinds of aquatic products, frozen food, cooked food packaging, dairy production and circulation increases every year, related to cold chain logistics operation more attention. In addition, as living standards improve, people's awareness of food safety, food quality ideas to further improve the safety and quality of the whole society to fresh food has put forward higher requirements. People began to pay more attention to the overall performance of products in the market, which began with the production of care, distribution, sales-related activities. Fresh food cold chain logistics as an important food safety from production to consumption areas emerged. Cold chain logistics chain as a food safety an important part, has become the measure of a country's level of development and circulation areas of high and low technology content important symbol, has become a field of government and the people close attention. But low logistics industry has always been neglected each year due to low temperature logistics of underdevelopment and decay losses are very serious, leading logistics costs. National annual loss of nearly 12 million tons of fruit rotting vegetables rot loss of 1.3 million tons. Accelerate the development of cold chain logistics for the promotion of agriculture, frozen food industry, farmers continued to