最新矿物加工专业英语复习资料
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Unit1 Lesson1
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1 矿物（minerals）
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Minerals definition: Minerals by definition are natural 4
inorganic substances possessing definite chemical compositions and 5
atomic structures.
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矿物的定义：具有稳定的化学成分、晶体结构的天然无机化合物。
Mineral types: native and metallic form, oxides, sulphides, 7
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carbonates, silicates and chlorides.
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矿物的种类：主要按化学成分划分：单质矿物、氧化物、硫化物、碳酸盐、硅酸盐、卤化物等。
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Isomorphism: substitution of atoms within the crystal 12
structure by similar atoms takes place without affecting the atomic 13
structure.
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类质同象：矿物晶体中的原子被类似原子取代而不改变矿物晶体结15
构的现象。例如：铁橄榄石—镁橄榄石。
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Polymorphism: different minerals have the same chemical 17
composition, but markedly different physical properties due to a 18
difference in atomic structure.
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同质多象：矿物的化学成分相同，但晶体结构和物理化学性质不同的现象。例如：金刚石、石墨。
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Rocks: Rocks consist of a variety of minerals and form large
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parts of the earth’s crust. Granite, for instance, which is the
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most abundant igneous rock, is composed of three main mineral
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constituents, feldspar, quartz, and mica.
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岩石：由一种或多种矿物组成的天然集合体，例如：花岗岩主要由
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石英、长石、云母以不同比例组成。
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2 矿石ores
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Ore: An ore can be described briefly as an accumulation of
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mineral in sufficient quantity as to be capable of economic
extraction.
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矿石:具有经济利用价值的矿物集合体.
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Classification: （1） Ores are frequently classed according
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to the nature of the valuable mineral, such as native ores, sulphide
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ores and oxidised ores. （2） Ores are also classified by the nature
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of their gangues, such as calcareous or basic (lime rich), or
siliceous, or acidic (silica rich)
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矿石的分类:（1）根据有用矿物的性质分为:自然元素矿石(单质矿
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石)、硫化矿和氧化矿等。（2）根据脉石矿物的性质分为：钙质矿石、硅
质矿石、酸性矿石等。
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3 金属矿石与非金属矿石metallic ores and non-metallic ores 41
Ores of economic value can be classed as metallic (when it is
used to prepare the metal) or non-metallic (when it is used to make 42
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material), according to the use of the mineral.
根据矿物的用途划分：如果以提取矿物中的金属为目的，则成为金
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属矿石；如果矿物直接利用，则称之为非金属矿石。
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Review of the last lesson
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1 矿物（minerals）
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Minerals by definition are natural inorganic substances 50
possessing definite chemical compositions and atomic structures.
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Isomorphism: Many minerals exhibit isomorphism, where 52
substitution of atoms within the crystal structure by similar atoms
takes place without affecting the atomic structure.
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Polymorphism: Minerals can also exhibit polymorphism, 55
different minerals having the same chemical composition, but 56
markedly different physical properties due to a difference in 57
atomic structure.
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2 矿石ores
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Ore: An ore can be described briefly as an accumulation of 60
mineral in sufficient quantity as to be capable of economic 61
extraction.
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3 金属矿石与非金属矿石metallic ores and non-metallic ores 63
Ores of economic value can be classed as metallic (when it is used to prepare the metal) or non-metallic (when it is used to make
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material), according to the use of the mineral.