60 seconds scientific
60second-science(60秒科学)2014.6月 听力原文
Cool Kids Get Schooled With Age Kids deemed cool in early adolescence have a poor chance to keep that status by their early twenties, because their behavior gets old. Erika Beras reports.Here‟s something you might have figured out at your high school r eunion or by Facebook-stalking your old classmates: being one of the cool kids does not necessarily mean being cool for life. And now, a study in the journal Child Development confirms that suspicion. [Joseph P. Allen et al, What Ever Happened To The …Cool‟ Kids? Long-Term Sequelae Of Early Adolescent Pseudomature Behavior]Researchers followed ethnically and racially diverse suburban and urban kids from early adolescence to early adulthood. The kids who were deemed cool at a young age were high-status individuals with romantic relationships who broke rules and laws.But they were no longer viewed that way by peers by the time they were in their early 20‟s. The pseudo-mature behavior that seemed so admirable at a young age lost cache as the other kids gained actual maturity.Meanwhile, as the young James Deans and Miley Cyruses aged they had to engage in ever-riskier behavior to keep thinking of themselves as cool.By their early twenties, they were more likely to have drug and alcohol problems, relationship issues and criminal involvement. Turns out being a cool kid has a really short shelf life.—Erika Beras(The above text is a transcript of this podcast)White Bread May Actually Build Strong Bodies 1 WayThe guts of white bread eaters appear to contain more lactobacillus, a type of bacteria that wards off digestive disorders. Karen Hopkin reportsJun 20, 2014 |By Karen Hopkin[Audio of vintage Wonder Bread commercial]You can beat on Wonder Bread all you want. [Audio of columnist James Norton: “You can make a completely credible pillow out of this stuff.”]But it just keeps bouncing back—because despite its nutritional bad reputation, white bread appears to boost the growth of good gut bacteria. That‟s according to a pap er in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. [Adriana Cuervo et al, Pilot Study of Diet and Microbiota: Interactive Associations of Fibers and Polyphenols with Human Intestinal Bacteria]In recent years, white bread has been shunned as a glutenous slab that lacks the health benefits of whole wheat. But this new study suggests there‟s more to the story.The researchers were looking at the effects of foods on the types of microbes that live in our intestines. They gathered data on the diets of 38 healthy adults and then analyzed the bacteria present in the subjects‟ stool samples. Hey, it‟s for science.Turns out that volunteers who ate white bread had more lactobacillus, a type of bacteria that wards off digestive disorders. Seems the starch and fibers in this sandwich staple are good for these germs.But before you make your lunch, another recent study showed that eating white bread is associated with obesity. So you should take all these findings with a pinch of salt. But not too much salt—especially if you have high blood pressure.—Karen Hopkin [The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]Plant Spores Hitch Long-Distance Feather RidesTiny spores from mosses, algae and lichens can stick in bird feathers, travel from the Arctic to the bottom of South America and grow into whole new specimens. Erika Beras reportsJun 18, 2014 |By Erika BerasYou could be in the Arctic and spot some moss. And then you could be at the tip of South America and spot the same kind of moss—and never find it in between. So how did this particular plant get so well-traveled? Turns out it flew.We‟ve long known that birds spread seeds. But new research says migrating birds also spread microscopic spores.The birds harbor tiny parts of plants and lichens in their feathers, setting up similar colonies thousands of miles apart. That‟s according to a study in the journal PeerJ. [Lily R. Lewis et al, First evidence of bryophyte diaspores in the plumage of transequatorial migrant birds]Scientists inspected feathers from birds in the Arctic that were about to leave for South America. Fragments from mosses, algae, lichens and liverworts were trapped in the feathers. All of which can grow into new whole organisms.The researchers think that long-distance fliers such as the American golden-plover and the white-rumped sandpiper picked up the spores while lining their nests. Then when the birds arrive in new places they molt, leaving behind the feathers and their precious cargo—to start growing again at the other end of the world.—Erika Beras [The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]Jellyfish Galaxies Get Guts Ripped OutRecently discovered galaxies shaped like jellyfish leave a long trail of hot gas and dust, victims of even hotter gas from their surrounding cluster of galaxiesJun 17, 2014 |By Ken Croswell and Steve MirskyA recently discovered breed of galaxies really caught astronomers‟ attention. Because they look like jellyfish.Astronomers found the first jellyfish galaxy a decade ago. Such a galaxy has a disk of stars, like our Milky Way—plus long blue tendrils. A jellyfish galaxy was once a spiral like the Milky Way, spawning new stars from its gas and dust. But unlike the Milky Way, a jellyfish belongs to a cluster of galaxies.A recent analysis of Hubble telescope images led to the conclusion that extremely hot gas from the cluster is behind the formation of jellyfish. That study is in the Astrophysical Journal Letters. [H. Ebeling, L. N. Stephenson, and A. C. Edge, Jellyfish: Evidence of extreme ram-pressure stripping in massive galaxy clusters]As the galaxy plows through space, this hot gas rips out the galaxy's own gas and dust, forming the long streamers behind the galaxy. This torn-out gas still gives birth to new stars. The brightest of these newborn stars shine blue. So the former disc-shaped galaxy metamorphosizes into a celestial jellyfish sporting long blue tendrils.The galaxy will eventually literally run out of gas, and thus lose the ability to create any more new stars. Jellyfish in the sea can be deadly. But in space, the mortally wounded victim is the jellyfish galaxy itself.—written by Ken Croswell, voiced by Steve Mirsky [The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]2-Face Moon Tells How It Got That WayA new analysis says that the asymmetry between the two faces of the moon is due to crust thickness differences that resulted from variable cooling rates after the molten formation of our companion. Karen Hopkin reportsJun 13, 2014 |By Karen HopkinThe dark side of the moon. It‟s remote and mysterious. And not just because we can‟t see it from Earth. When viewed from space, th e moon‟s back side looks totally different from its front. Now, researchers think they have a solution to the mystery, which they share in the Astrophysical Journal Letters. [Arpita Roy, Jason T. Wright, and Steinn Sigurðsson, Earthshine on a Young Moon: Explaining the Lunar Farside Highlands]You may have wondered about the "man in the moon," that facelike image made by the large flat plains on the lunar surface that faces us. But scientists wonder why the far side doesn‟t have comparable features.According to the new analysis, this asymmetry has to do with how the moon was made. Not long after the Earth formed, a Mars-sized hunk of intergalactic debris smacked into our baby planet, flinging off material that then became the moon. The crash left both bodies boiling hot. But the smaller moon cooled down more quickly than the molten Earth… especially the part that faced the other way.The minerals on the moon‟s cooler side started to p recipitate sooner. That head start gave the far side a thicker crust, which is more resistant to the weathering seen on the familiar side: weathering that gives a face character. Even on the moon.—Karen Hopkin [The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]Classroom Decorations Can Distract Young StudentsFive-year-olds in highly decorated classrooms were less able to hold their focus, spent more time off-task and had smaller learning gains than kids in bare rooms. Erika Beras reportsJun 11, 2014 |By Erika BerasRemember your kindergarten classroom? The maps on the wall, the charts of the seasons on bulletin boards, the alphabet over the blackboard? I know I spent hours staring at the brightly colored decorations—and not listening to what my teacher was saying. Maybe you did, too. And it looks like we‟re not alone.The more decorations in a classroom, the more distracted students may be. So finds a study in the journal Psychological Science. [Anna K. Fisher, Karrie E. Godwin and Howard Seltman, Visual Environment, Attention Allocation, and Learning in Young Children: When Too Much of a Good Thing May Be Bad]Researchers observed five-year-olds in highly decorated classrooms and in classrooms that were relatively bare. And the kids were less able to hold their focus, spent more time off-task and had smaller learning gains in the busy rooms than in the bare rooms.At that young age, attention regulation skills aren‟t fully formed. And yet it‟s at that stage of development that children find themselves surrounded by decorations irrelevant to what t hey‟re learning at any given time.The researchers are not prescribing a change from busy to bare rooms. They say there is more research to be done. But this study, along with previous work, suggests that the visual environment can affect how young childr en learn their reading, writing and …rithmetic.—Erika Beras[The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]Kid Scientist Finds Sweet Pest ControlEleven-year-old Simon Kaschock-Marenda's science fair project led to a publication about the insecticidal effects of the sweetener Truvia. Karen Hopkin reportsJun 10, 2014 |By Karen HopkinYou can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar. But if you want to kill them, you might try Truvia. Because a new study shows that the active ingredient in this popular sweetener can act as an insecticide.The study began as a sixth-grade science-fair project. Eleven-year-old Simon Kaschock-Marenda noticed that his parents had stopped using sugar. So he decided to see how different sweeteners affect the health of fruit flies. He and his dad, a card-carrying biologist, offered the flies food spiked with a variety of no-cal sweeteners. Six days into the experiment all the Truvia-fed flies were dead, while those stuck with Sweet-n-low, Splenda or Equal lived five to seven weeks.Why Truvia makes flies drop like flies is still a mystery. Back in the lab, the researchers confirmed that the bugs weren‟t starving: they all continued to eat. Mos t actually seemed to prefer Truvia to real sugar when offered a choice, findings published in the journal PLoS One. [Kaitlin M. Baudier et al, Erythritol, a Non-Nutritive Sugar Alcohol Sweetener and the Main Component of Truvia®, Is a Palatable Ingested Insecticide]Next, the researchers will see if the sweetener kills other bugs, like cockroaches or ants. Until then, try tossing a little Truvia in your coffee, and on the counter.—Karen Hopkin [The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]Light Colors Become Fashion Rage for Northern Europe's InsectsAs northern Europe warms, the light-colored butterflies and dragonflies typically found in the Mediterranean are moving north, and outcompeting their darker-colored rivals. Erika Beras reportsJun 9, 2014 |By Erika BerasFor insects in Europe, climate change has led to habitat change. In the past couple of decades, for example, Mediterranean butterfly and dragonfly species have been found flying around places previously off limits to them—new new northern climes such as Germany.Now a study in Nature Communications finds a colorful reason for the northern expansion. As northern Europe warms, the light-colored butterflies and dragonflies typically found in the Mediterranean find themselves able to survive in the newly warmer north, and to even outcompete their darker-colored rivals. [Dirk Zeuss et al, Global warming favours light-coloured insects in Europe]Lighter colors reflect sunlight while dark colors absorb it and heat up. Hence chocolate ice cream melts in the sun faster than vanilla. Lighter-colored insects thus function well in warmer climates. They don‟t overheat as easily and can stay active longer, giving them a leg up—well, six legs up—in our warming world.The researchers say this migrat ion of insects shows that climate change isn‟t something that‟s coming—it‟s already happening. And it could drastically affect which insects up end up where. Which will in turn affect us.—Erika Beras[The above text is a transcript of this podcast.][Scientific American is part of Nature Publishing Group.]London Fish Chip Away atHistorical UnknownsIsotope composition within fish tails found in London archaeological digs shows that the city began importing cod from northern Scandinavia some 800 years ago. Cynthia Graber reportsJun 6, 2014 |By Cynthia GraberLondoners love their fish. And according to a new study, in the early 13th Century they suddenly started importing it from as far away as the Arctic near Norway. The research is in the journal Antiquity. [David C. Orton et al, Fish for the city: meta-analysis of archaeological cod remains and the growth of London's northern trade]About the year 1000, sea fishing increased significantly in northern Europe. To see how that increase influenced urban growth, researchers looked at 95 excavation sites in London. Which included about 3,000 bones from cod fish.Cod are decapitated before being dried for transport. So finding heads meant the fish were local. And the researchers found that as fish heads appear to decrease in the early 1200s, fish tails dramatically increased—a sign of importation.Examination of the chemical isotopes in the tails matched those for fish in waters far to the north, probably off Norway close to the Arctic, more evidence of import.The scientists do not know if the rapid switch from local to imported cod happened because local fish were n‟t as plentiful as the population increased, or if the market became flooded with dried imports from the north. But these fish tails tell a story of London becoming a growing economic center, and part of a globalizing fish trade.—Cynthia Graber [The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]Meteor Storm Went from Sizzle to FizzleThe May Camelopardalids meteor outburst turned out to be a dud, because meteor storm prediction is not a sure thing, unlike, for example, calculating the next eclipseJun 4, 2014 |By Ken Croswell and Steve MirskyWhat if they held a meteor storm and no meteors came? That's what many people are asking after the well-hyped May Camelopardalids meteor outburst turned out to be a dud.Most meteors arise from mere dust grains and pebbles in space. When Earth passes through a stream of this debris shed by a comet, the particles burn up in our atmosphere, and we see a meteor shower.Some astronomers had predicted that on the night of May 23, particles from a comet called LINEAR would bring many meteors to the night sky. North America had the best seats for the event.And so a lot of people watched and waited. But no one saw much.Meteor showers are common, and the best produce about a hundred meteors per hour. But meteor storms, which can send out thousands of meteors per hour, are rare and notoriously unreliable.Not only can predicted storms go bust, but great storms can erupt without warning. In November 1966, the normally weak Leonids surprised everyone and roared back to life, producing more than 100,000 shooting stars in a single hour.You can still count on astronomers to tell you exactly when the next eclipse will be. But if they ever promise you a meteor storm, you should take it with a grain of, well, meteor dust.—written by Ken Croswell, voiced by Steve Mirsky [The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]。
美国《科学六十秒》听力原文
Are you one of those people who can tell when a storm is approaching based on your achy knees? Well, you may think you are. But a new study of more than 1.5 million seniors finds no relationship between rainfall and doctor visits for pain. The results are in the British Medical Journal. [Anupam B. Jena et al., Association between rainfall and diagnoses of joint or back pain: retrospective claims analysis]The idea that our bodies are barometers for all sorts ofweather-related phenomena—including changes in temperature, pressure and precipitation—is not a new one.“Hippocrates himself actually postulated this idea in nearly 400 B.C.” Anupam Jena, a physician and expert in health care policy at Harvard Medical School and the Massachusetts General Hospital, who led the study.“If you talk to people, I’d say millions and millions of people probably believe that things like rainfall influence symptoms of joint pain and stiffness. But if you look at the studies, there’s actually been surprisingly little evidence to suggest that is true. Most of the studies have been quite small. And we were interested in thinking about whether we could approach this question in a ‘big data’ sort of way.”He and his colleagues looked at information collected in more than 11 million visits that older Americans made to their primary care physicians. They compared these records with data on daily rainfall. And they asked: do more people report sore backs or swollen joints when the weather is inclement?“And what we found is if you look at days where it rained versus days where it didn’t rain, there is no difference in the proportion of visits to a doctor that involved a complaint of joint pain or back pain.”They saw no “rain effect” even when it poured for seven days straight. And if you’re thinking, well, what if people couldn’t get an appointment until the skies cleared up…“And if you look the week after a period of heavy rainfall, you still see no relationship. And that doesn’t mean that factors lik e rainfall or temperature or humidity don’t affect joint pain and symptoms of joint achiness and stiffness. But in this sort of big data approach, we didn’t find any evidence for it.”Of course, it could still be that the pain from rain is not enough toco mplain. “It could be that patients take over-the-counter pain medications once these symptoms hit, and so when they see their doctor they’re not actually in enough pain to mention it.” And the casualties of low-pressure fronts simply move on—gingerly. —Karen Hopkin[The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]。
国家地理英语教材答案大学
国家地理英语教材答案大学Introduction:The National Geography English Textbook provides comprehensive knowledge and understanding of geography using the English language. In this article, we will provide answers to the exercises and questions in the textbook aimed at university-level students.Chapter 1: Introduction to Geography1. Multiple Choice:a) Answer: C - Geographical Information Systemb) Answer: B - Cartographyc) Answer: D - Latitude and Longituded) Answer: A - Ring of Fire2. Short Answer:a) What are the three major types of rocks? Answer: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphicb) Define the term "Climate." Answer: The long-term weather conditions of a particular area.c) Explain the concept of "Population Density." Answer: It refers to the number of people living per unit of land area.Chapter 2: Physical Geography1. Fill in the Blanks:a) The process of water turning into vapor is called ________. Answer: Evaporationb) The thin layer of gases surrounding the Earth is known as the________. Answer: Atmospherec) The process of converting a gas into a liquid is called ________. Answer: Condensation2. True or False:a) Trueb) False - Equatorc) TrueChapter 3: Human Geography1. Matching:a) Working or living in another country for a temporary period - Answer: C - Migrationb) The total number of live births per 1,000 of a population per year - Answer: F - Birth Ratec) The practice of growing crops on a large scale for commercial purposes - Answer: D - Agricultured) A country that has well-developed industries and advanced technology - Answer: A - Developed Country2. Essay Question:Discuss the impact of urbanization on the environment and society.Chapter 4: Geographical Skills1. Map Skills:a) Label the following continents on the map provided:Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Australia2. Spatial Thinking:a) Compare and contrast a physical map and a political map.Conclusion:In this article, we have provided the answers to exercises and questions in the National Geography English Textbook for university students. These answers will aid in enhancing understanding and knowledge of various geographical concepts and skills covered in the textbook. Good luck with your studies!。
福建省2023年中考英语真题(含答案)
福建省2023年中考英语真题一、单选题（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）1．—Harry, is this your basketball?—Yes, it's ____.A．his B．yours C．mine 2．The toy is ____ my little brother. I bought it yesterday.A．for B．from C．by 3．— It's such a long way!— Don't worry. You ____ share a ride with me.A．must B．can C．should 4．— How is the ____ today?— It's hot. You don't need to wear the coat.A．weather B．traffic C．price 5．He is so honest a man that we all ____ him.A．teach B．trust C．refuse 6．— ____ is it from our home to the museum, Dad?— It's about two kilometers.A．How far B．How often C．How soon 7．Modern technologies ____ in the 19 Asian Games in September, 2023.A．were used B．are using C．will be used 8．—To tell the truth, I am now feeling very ____.—Take it easy. You'll make it.A．peaceful B．nervous C．confident 9．I ____ the great scientist from magazines, and I wish to see him some day.A．know about B．look after C．talk with 10．____ David has failed many times, he is always full of hope for the future.A．If B．When C．Though 11．It's reported that China plans ____ astronauts to the moon before 2030.A．send B．sending C．to send 12．—Jane won first place in the art festival.—Yes, her mother told me very ____ just now.A．strictly B．proudly C．weakly13．— How do you like my poem Moonlight?— I ____ it. It's about the beauty of nature.A．am interested in B．am worried about C．am thankful for14．—Sally, I ____ the picture already.—Wow, truly beautiful!A．finish B．have finished C．was finishing15．—Would you please tell me ____?—By keeping a diary every day.A．why you want to study English B．who you often speak English withC．how you improve your English writing二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
scientific reports invoice单位 -回复
scientific reports invoice单位-回复Invoice Units for Scientific ReportsIntroduction:Scientific reports play a crucial role in disseminating research findings and advancements in various fields. In order to maintain clarity and uniformity, it is essential to follow standard formatting and citation guidelines. One important aspect of scientific reports is the use of proper invoice units. In this article, we will explore the significance of invoice units in scientific reports, discuss different types of units commonly used, and provide guidelines for their appropriate usage.Importance of Invoice Units:Invoice units serve as a means to quantify and present scientific data in a consistent and comprehensible manner. They provide a standard of measurement that allows researchers to compare and analyze results across different studies. The appropriate use of invoice units reduces ambiguity and enables more accurate interpretations of findings. Additionally, adherence to invoicingguidelines allows for efficient communication and reproducibility of scientific experiments.Types of Invoice Units:1. SI Units:The International System of Units (SI) is widely accepted as the standard system for measurement in scientific reports. SI units are based on seven fundamental measurements, including length (meter), mass (kilogram), time (second), electric current (ampere), temperature (kelvin), amount of substance (mole), and luminous intensity (candela). The use of SI units ensures consistency and facilitates global understanding of scientific research.2. Derived Units:Derived units are combinations of base units that represent specific quantities. For instance, the unit of speed is derived from the base units of length and time (meter per second). Derived units are commonly used in scientific reports to express complex measurements such as force (newton), energy (joule), and power(watt). It is important to use derived units correctly to maintain accuracy in data analysis.3. Non-SI Units:While SI units are the preferred choice for scientific reports, there are instances where non-SI units are still used. Non-SI units, such as pounds (lb) or degrees Fahrenheit (F), may be included when discussing research conducted in specific contexts or regions. However, it is crucial to provide corresponding SI unit conversions for easy comprehension and standardization.Guidelines for Appropriate Usage:1. Consistency:Consistency in the use of invoice units is paramount to avoid confusion. Use the same unit throughout the report when expressing a specific quantity. In case unit changes are necessary, provide clear conversions to maintain coherence.2. Precision:Ensure that the chosen invoice units are appropriate for the level of precision required. For example, when measuring nano-scale particles, using millimeters as the unit might not be precise enough. In such cases, using micrometers or nanometers would be more suitable.3. Formatting:Follow journal or publication guidelines for formatting units in scientific reports. Typically, units are written in lowercase letters and use abbreviations, such as m for meters or s for seconds. Do not use periods after abbreviations and leave a space between the numerical value and the unit symbol.Conclusion:In summary, selecting appropriate invoice units is of utmost importance in scientific reports. Following standard guidelines, such as using SI units and derived units, ensures consistency, clarity, and reproducibility. Non-SI units can be included when necessary,but always provide corresponding SI unit conversions. Consistency, precision, and correct formatting should be maintained throughout the report to facilitate understanding and accurate analysis. By adhering to these guidelines, scientific reports can effectively communicate research findings and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in various fields.。
e开头关于科学的英文单词
e开头关于科学的英文单词egg elephant email eleven, erase , eraser , elephant , eye, ear , earphone, erupt, enable, enlarge, enrich , education, educate, eve, emotion, ensure, equal, equality, estimate, even知识拓展：scientific，英语单词，形容词，作形容词时意为“科学的，系统的”。
单词发音英[ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk]美[ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk]短语搭配：scientific management科学管理; 科学管理法; 科学管理理论; 迷信管理scientific notation[数]科学记数法; 科学记号; 科学计数法; 科学记录Scientific Reports科学报告; 科学报道; 科学报导; 科学陈诉Boston Scientific波士顿科学公司; 波士顿科学; 波士顿科技; 波科公司Scientific News科技新闻; 科学技术新闻; 以科技为基础的新闻; 科技英语scientific discovery科学发现; 科学发明Scientific Theories科学理论; 理论创新; 关于科学理论; 第二十六篇scientific spirit科学的精神; 科学scientific communication科学传播; 科学交流; 科学实践哲学; 学术交流例句：How should I arrange my schedule? Can you give me some scientific advice?该怎么安排我的日程呢?能否给我一些科学的建议?。
If they do not, then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing.如果他们不这样做，科学发现的中心已经是缩小了。
the nature of scientific reasoning
本次翻译练习的难度比较大，文章出自北京师范大学研究生英语阅读与翻译课程所用的授课材料，作者布洛诺夫斯基是英国著名的数学家和散文家，剑桥大学数学博士。
这篇文章从科学发展史的角度出发，论述的问题主要是科学并不排斥想象力和创造力。
因此标题翻译成“科学理性的本质”或“科学推理的本质”是比较恰当的。
要翻译好这篇文章不仅应在在宏观的层面牢牢把握文章的主旨，也需要从微观的角度考虑作者使用的语言在语法和修辞上的特点，这样才能在理解的基础上恰当的表达。
当然，这篇文章相对于大家目前的英语水平，在理解和表达两个方面都具有不小的挑战性。
下面通过对这次翻译比较好的赵新平同学作业的点评，来分段落说一说这篇文章究竟有哪些细节部分需要注意，以及相应的翻译策略。
1What is the insight in which the scientist tries to see into nature? Can it indeed be called either imaginative or creative? To the literary man the question may seem merely silly. He has been taught that science is a large collection of facts; and if this is true, then the only seeing which scientists need to do is, he supposes, seeing the facts. He pictures them, the colorless professionals of science, going off to work in the morning into the universe in a neutral, unexposed state. They then expose themselves like a photographic plate. And then in the darkroom or laboratory they develop the image, so that suddenly and startlingly it appears, printed in capital letters, as a new formula for atomic energy.原译：什么是洞察力？科学家一直试图弄清它的本质。
高一英语竞赛 试题
2021年高一英语学科竞赛试题第一局部：听力〔一共两节，满分是35分〕第一节听力理解〔5段一共15小题，每一小题2分，满分是30分〕每段播放两遍。
各段后有几个小题，各段播放前每一小题有5秒钟的阅题时间是。
请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中，选出最正确选项。
听第一段对话，答复第1至3题。
1．What did the woman buy?A．A video recorder.B．A video camera.C．A CD-player.2．What was the seller’s excuse for not opening the box?A．It’s a store rule.B．If it is opened, nobody will buy.C．If it is opened, other people won’t believe it’s new.3．What do you think of the guy on the sidewalk?A．He is an excellent seller.B．He is a very poor beggar.C．He cheats others out of their money.听第二段对话，答复第4至6题。
4．What is the general idea the woman has on modern art?A．She thinks very highly of it.B．She thinks most modern art is good.C．She doesn’t think modern artists are serious.5．Why does the man want to stop discussing the matter of modern art?A．It is no good talking about the problem.B．His opinion does not sound reasonable.C．He will lose the argument soon.6．What will the woman most probably do if there is a modern art exhibition?A．Do anything except visit the show.B．Visit the show as much as possible.C．Take photos of it.听第三段独白，答复第7至9题。
Text for 60 seconds science
Episode 1: September 5, 2006This is Scientific American’s 60 seconds Science. I'm Karen Hocking. This will just take a minute. Biologist G.B.S. Hording once said, the creator, if exist, has an inordinate fondness of beetles. Well, so do researchers at MIT. Inspired by the Namib Desert Beetle, MIT engineers Robert Cone and Michael Rugner have produced a new material that can trap and control tiny volumes of water. The Namib dessert in southern Africa is one of the driest spots on earth. Its inhabitants survive by extracting precious moisture form the light morning fog that periodically sweeps across the desert sands. The beetle’s wings are studded with hydrophilic bumps that collect water droplets and hydrophobic channels that funneled droplets into the bug’s mouths. The MIT scientists use the similar design for their beetle mimicking material, described in the online version of the journal Nano Letters. Such materials could be used to help move small liquid samples around the lab on the chip or to make tents that could provide shelter and cool drink to people who camp in the dessert. The water harvesting material might not represent intelligent design, but is sure a good example of intelligent imitation. Thanks for the minute. For Scientific American’s 60seconds Science, I'm Karen Hocking.Episode 2: September 6, 2006This is Scientific American’s 60 Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute? Last week the independent non-partisan Government Accountability Office the G.A.O. issued a report to Congress analyzing the White House's National Youth Anti-drug Media Campaign. The campaign is responsible for the many TV and radio commercials and magazine ads you’ve probably seen that aimed to keep kids from trying marijuana and other controlled substances, but the G.A.O. report finds that the ads have been disappointing and ineffective. The report says that the study of the campaign quote ‘provides no evidence that the campaign had a positive effect in relation to teen drug use, and shows some indications of negative impact’and quote ‘One negative was increased depression that smoking pot was normal among teens’. Between 1998 and 2006, congress appropriated 1.4 billion dollars for the ineffective campaign, including 100 million dollars in 2006, 120 million dollars is still slated for the campaign for fiscal year 2007.Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.Episode 3: September 7, 2006This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute? First, the bad news, it seems our bodies are actually designed to resist all attempts to fit into our pants. At an international conference on obesity this week, an Australian researcher reports that no matter what overweighed people try, diet and exercise, or exercise alone, eventually, their weight loss has a plateau. Evolution may be why we have such a fat chance to lose weight. Our ancestors who stored fat most efficiently during times of plenty will better able to survive when the picking is slim. As a result, now when we diet, our bodies, thinking there is a famine of food, produce a hormone called "Grayling" that helps keep us hefty. Now that's where the good news comes in. Scientists at Descript Research Institute have produced the vaccine that gets rid of this fat hoarding hormone. The research is report that male rat who got the vaccine were lighter and leanerthan their untreated littermates. But we will have to wait for our human trials to see whether the vaccine is in fact the best thing since slice bread. Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.Episode 4: September 8, 2006This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute? Psych-, I mean Psych-, psychology, some psychology news out of Los Angeles, celebrities are full of themselves. Researchers had two hundred celebrities fill out standardized psychology questionnaire, called the narcissistic personality inventory. The result, celebrities had higher narcissism scores than the regular folks. Man, they must be so stoked when they found out they got higher scores. Contestants on reality TV shows had the highest scores because it’s easier to get conceited than to get talent. One of the studies’ authors is June Pesky, better known as Dr. June of the radio show ‘Love Line’, but he is also psychiatry professor ULC’s medical school, so he is not just the f ull of themselves celebrity. According to Pesky, narcissists crave attention; you are listening to me, right? They are overconfident of their abilities, Man; this got to be the best part I guess. They lack empathy, seriously, whatever you are doing, can’t wait, just listen to me, but they are also well like especially on the first meeting. Hi! How are you doing? [Music] Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.Episode 5: September 11, 2006This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute? Why the bumble bees pick some flowers over others? Researchers have known fo r a while that flower’s color can be a signal. Color in short hand that says to a bee: hey, I get some good quality nectar here, want to stop by for a visit. But new findings show that bees also use color to get clues about a flower’s temperature. And acco rding to a study from a British research team published in the journal Nature, some like it hot. Bees use up a lot of energy just stay in warm on some days. In fact, they can’t even fly if they are too cold. So if one flower is warmer than another, a bee can save some of its fuel by basking on that flower while it’s doing its pollinating business. And it turns out that bumble bees consistently do choose warmer flowers over cooler ones, even when the two flowers offer up the same quantity and quality of nectar. Some plants seem to be evolutionarily adapted to be slightly warmer because the warmer ones get visited more by the chilly bees. When it comes to getting pollinated, apparently the heat is on, and that is the buzz. Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.Episode 6: September 12, 2006This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute? Good wearing your bike helmet while cycling actually increase the risk of being hit by a car. Doctor Inn Walker is a traffic psychologist at University of Bath in England. He did the experiment himself, riding sometimes with the helmet and sometimes without. His bike included a distance sensor that measures exactly how close vehicles got to him. The surprising result of over 25 hundred times getting past, t hat’s about five minutes of riding in Manhattan by the way, where Vehicles onaverage got more than three inches closer if Walker rode with his helmet on. The researchers think that drivers associate helmet wearing with an experienced cyclist and figure the rider can handle tighter squeezes. The study has been accepted for publication in the journal called Accident Analysis and Prevention. By the way Walker was hit twice during his studies by a truck and a bus, and yes he had his nog protected in each case. A personal note: I am a cyclist who hits the pavement without ever being hit by a car, and I am gonna continue to wear my helmet. [Music] Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.Episode 7: September 13, 2006This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute? It takes guts to fight AIDS. Literally, the intestines are home to some 70 percent of the immune system. And researchers from the University of California, Davis have recently shown that the HIV virus can survive efforts to kill it by hiding out in the gut. Not only that, HIV can keep on replicating in the gut. So tests that measure the levels of virus in the blood may seem to show that the patient's virus levels are low, but the virus hiding out in the gut can still be replicating and lowering immunity. Inflammation due to the virus poses additional problems. The good news is that the new findings published in the journal Virology have shown medical researchers that they need to be aiming new treatments right at the gut. Meanwhile patients currently receiving anti-retroviral therapy could have their intestines checked with biopsies to see if they are harboring hidden HIV. Drugs to treat gut inflammation could be added to the mix of AIDS treatments and earlier retroviral therapy may help get the guts immune function back in gear. [Music] Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.Episode 8: September 14, 2006This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. This will just take a minute. Researchers from Children’s Hospital in Boston were curious about the links between the flu and air-travel. After all, one infected person can spread an outbreak from Miami to Seattle in hours. So the researchers looked two deferent government statistics, the examined flu record between 1996 and 2005, and they also collected government estimates of the number of people traveling by airplane in those years. While in every year the number of flu cases peaked between February 15th and 19th except for 2001, when the peak day was March 2nd, almost two weeks later, of course in 2001, there was no air travel in the days after September 11th. And the traffic was down even after flights resumed, so looks like staying home help keep the flu from spreading, the findings published in the journal Public Library of Science Medicine could inform decision making in the event of a big flu epidemic and what great revenge against the perpetrators of September 11th attacks, we use data we wouldn’t have had otherwise to control disease and save lives. [Music] Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.Episode 9: September 15, 2006This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute? A picture is worth a thousand words and now probably about twenty pounds. This year a major digital cameracompany has a new camera out with what they call a slimming feature. You take a picture and the camera kind of squeezes the image to make the subject looks skinnier. The camera company's own website explains the effect is subtle; subjects still look like themselves, only before the last few thanksgiving dinners. But why stop there? How about additional features for making some other minor changes? For example, the health setting, you take a picture of your medical chart; the camera automatically adjusts your cholesterol and blood pressure levels to normal. Then there is the digital magic of the hair cam. And the ultra sensitive light meter finds the area of highest reflectivity---that's the top of your bold head, and covers it with hair in your choice of 256 beautiful colors. And don't forget the new smart ca m. You’ll still look like yourself. Only your brow is wrinkled and folds. And a book on string theory or existential philosophy is peeking out of your pocket. Don’t worry though, the only thing you really need to read is the camera manual. [Music] Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.Episode 10: September 18, 2006This is Scientific American’s 60 seconds Science. I'm Karen Hocking. Got a minute? Scientists have been busy figuring out the genes of lots of organisms, not just humans. So far they have done mice, chimpanzees, worms, yeast, just to name a few. And now we can add a tree's genome to that markedly assortment. Last week in the journal Science, a team of researchers reported the DNA sequence of the black cotton wood, a tree in the poplar family. They identified 45,000 genes in the poplar, which is way more than the 30,000 or so that humans have. So what makes a poplar a popular plant to study? Well, its genome is relatively small, just one fortieth the size of a pine tree's genome for example. It also grows fast, so scientists can cross-breed them and get mature trees to experiment on before they grow old and grey. The scientists, not the trees, I mean. And the poplar's fast growth makes them some attractive feeds stock for bio-fuels, for example, ethanol, an alternative to gasoline. With genome in hand, scientists can find ways to improve the tree's usefulness, perhaps creating varieties that grow even faster, or are easier to process. [Music] Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Wood.一些词汇的翻译（感谢honey_clover）：chimpanzees(黑猩猩) yeast(酵母) poplar(白杨) ethanol(乙醇)Episode 11: September 19, 2006[Music][Pirate Voice] This be Scientific American’s 60 seconds Science. I’m the dread pirate--- Steve. I’ll be taking a minute of your time. [Arrrrrrrrrrrr] Today is September 19th, the International Talk Like a Pirate Day. [Normal Voice]Seriously, [Yo ho ho], Check the web. It really is. And when they say talk like a pirate, t hey don’t mean, for example, can you [uh], copy these DVDs for me? No, they mean [uh], when you talk like this. [Pirate V oice] You know matey, anyone can be a pirate. All you needed was a proper disrespect for authority and a willingness to be seasick for months at a time. But to be a truly successful pirate, not just the son of a biscuit eater, well, you had to know a bit of science too. A good pirate captain had to know the astronomy to navigate by the stars. He had to be acquainted with meteorology and know enough fluid dynamics to make sure he didn’t overload his ship with booty. And he needed the psychologicalskills to manage his literally motley crew. The average pirate ship required a buccaneer surgeon to treat stab wounds and cat-o'-nine-tails slashes, and a swashbuckling general practitioner to make sure the men had the right diet to ward off scurvy with foods rich in vitamin C. Plus your pirate optometrist supplied the men with eye patches; and of course advanced veterinarian prac…[Ring] What do yo u mean my time is up?! I’m a pirate; I don’t care if my time’s up! Advanced veterinarian practice kept your pirate parrots in fine fettle. So you see, me hearty, no matter what’s your chosen path, science is sure to give you a hand, or at least a hook. [Music] Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I’m the dread pirate--- Steve.Episode 12: September 20, 2006[Music] This is Scientific American's 60 Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. This will just take a minute. Women scientists at research universities still face barriers in hiring and promotion. And the US is thus been deprived of an important source of scientific talent. Those are the finding at the report titled Beyond Bias and Barriers for filling the potential of women in academic science and engineering. The report was issued this week by the National Academy of Science and associated institutions. Yale biophysics and biochemistry professor John Steps served on the committee that wrote the report. "It's not a word prejudice but rather the accumulation of a lot of little thing that add up to discourage women." The report notes that women science faculties are paid less and promoted more slowly despite comparable productivity men, and including some two dozens recommendations to try to address the situation. "I hope that it won't be like so many reports that have gone before it. For ten years later people look around and see that really nothing happened." The report is available at . [Music]Thanks for the minute for Scientific American's 60 Second Science. Steve Mirsky.Episode 13: September 21, 2006[Music] This is Scientific American's 60 Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute? “Lasers!” Doctor E wanted laser s you could mount on shark’s head to get Austin powers. But this week researchers announce the creation of lasers on little chips, or rather the chip lasers. Silicon, the familiar stuff of chips can direct light and some compounds, such as indium phosphide, can emit light when exact some voltage. Now scientists at Intel at University of California Santa Barbara have made a chip that combines the attributes of two materials to produce continue laser light. A litter voltage gets the indium phosphide to emit light, which then travels down past dictated by silicon waveguides. The laser light can then drive other electronics. A laser chip is cheap too, because it can be made with conventional silicon chip manufacturing techniques. The hope is that new chip could make future computer way faster than today’s, because they will rely on optical data flows that would transmit information from what would be a fire hose, compared to today’s electronic trickles. The new technology could also reduce the cost of fiber optic communications. [Music]Thanks for the minute for Scientific American's 60 Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.Episode 14: September 22, 2006[Music] This is Scientific American's 60 Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute? Brazilmight be where the nuts come from, but the ants from Argentina have invaded California and some other states, leaving destruction in their wake. Pesticides and traps haven’t worked. One colony goes from San Diego to north of San Francisco. The Argentines displays native ants’species and that has a ripple effect. Creatures that feed on native ants go hungry and insects that do agricultural damage unless kept in check by native ants are now free to destroy crops. But scientists at the University of California Irvine think they’ve come up with a way to defeat the ants by turning them against each other. They reported their technique last week at a meeting at the American Chemical Society. The ants recognize each other through specific chemicals on their bodies. The researcher has coated ants with the chemicals just slightly different from the natural compound; it’s like putting a confederal uniform on a union soldier. When other ants get a whiff of their old pal, they attack. The hope is that the technique could cause descent within the entire colony, because even a house of ants divided against itself, can not stand. [Music]Thanks for the minute for Scientific American's 60 Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.Episode 15: September 25, 2006[Music] This is Scientific American's 60 Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute? “And I’m not going to eat any more breakfast.” New research points to a single gene as the reason the first P resident Bush would not allow broccoli’s aggressio n to stand. According to a report in the latest issue of Current Biology, a receptor molecule involved in tasting broccoli and its relatives comes in various forms. Some of us have the form of the receptor gene allele that makes the vegetables really unpalatable. But why? Well these particular vegetables also include chemical compounds called glucosinolates that can interfere with thyroid function. The paper notes that a billion people are still at risk for thyroid insufficiency and that creates strong evolutionary selection pressure for the ability to detect glucosinolates and minimize their intake. The paper ends by saying this study demonstrates the importance of individual human taste gene alleles for the perception of food and illustrates how possession of even a single allele of a bitter taste receptor gene may greatly impact how a subpopulation perceives an entire family of vegetables. [Music]Thanks for the minute for Scientific American's 60 Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.Episode 16: September 26, 2006[Music] This is Scientific American's 60 Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute? It seems like wherever you point the Harbor space telescope, you find something new. Now astronomers find some new things that really, really old, some of the oldest galaxies known. In 2002 the advanced camera for surveys was installed on the Harbor. The device allowed astronomers to probe the most distant corners of the universe and the astronomy distance equals time. Researchers have now uncovered more than 500 galaxies that appeared to have come into being some 13 billion years ago, less than a billion years after the Big Bang. The discovery shouldn’t form attempt to understand how galaxy originate which was pretty much black box even a decade ago. The newly discovered galaxies appear to be smaller than more modern ones and their color indicates that new stars were being born in them at tremendous rate, 10 times faster than the pace star birth that we see today in nearby galaxies. The findings appeared in upcoming issue of the Astrophysical Journal. It’s not like reading; even you are using a light telescope.Thanks for the minute. For scientific American 60-second science. I'm Steve Mirsky.Episode 17: September 27, 2006[Music] This is Scientific American's 60 Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute? Male crickets typically make quite a racket, their wings have what’s called a file and scraper apparatus, move the file across the scraper and the ensuing song lets females know that the males will be happy to see them. But on one Hawaiian Island the male song became deadly. A parasitic fly tracked down the males from the song and killed them. Now, normally being a mutant male cricket that couldn’t do the wing sing was a ticket to mating oblivion, but with the loud males being targeted by the parasitic flies, being a mutant mute male suddenly became an advantage. Less than 20 generations ago, 90 percent of the male crickets on the island can sing, now 90 percent can’t sing because evolution can work in a hurry if the states are high enough. The research is published in the journal Biology Letters, so how do the silent males attract mates? With a very clever new behavior! They appeared in a cluster around one of the remaining minority of males who still sings, and mingle with the many interested females who show up to hear the loud male. It’s like being a friend of a Sinatra's. Thanks for the minute. For scientific American 60-second science. I'm Steve Mirsky.Episode 18: September 28, 2006[Music] This is Scient ific American’s 60 Second Science, I’m Steve Mirsky. This will just take a minute. Golfer Barren Nelson died on September 26th at the age of 94, there’s a reason this is a science story besides the statistical in probability of wining 11 professional golf tournaments in a role which he did in 1945. You see Barren Nelson had a distinction few other athletes can never hope for. He had a robot named after him. In 1976 the United States Golf Association started using a mechanical swing machine to test the equipment. For example you wanna test new brands of golf balls to make sure there’re not juiced up adding 30 yards to drives and the machine was called the Iron Barren in attribute to the real Barren, because the real Barren swing was amazingly fluid and even more important, virtually identical each time he hit the ball. It’s been reported the Iron Barren was so consistent that the landing area in the grass of the golf association headquarters had to be replaced every couple of years, because of the golf balls hitting in the almost exactly the same spot day after day. They say the machine made 7 holes in one, after which it brought glasses of 10-W-30 for the sprinkler, the lawn mower and the golf carts. Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60 Second Science, I’m Steve Mirsky.Episode 19: September 29, 2006This is Scientific A merican’s 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. This will just take a minute. The Shapiro Delay. It's not when Mr. Shapiro is late for dinner. It happens in this unique double pulsar, two neutron stars orbiting each other about 2000 light-years away. The Shapiro Delay is when the pulses of light from one pulsar get delayed by the curvature of space time when they passing close to the other pulsar. And measuring the delay has lead to a striking confirmation of Einstein's General Relativity, recently published in the Journal Science. Each of the stars in thedouble pulsar is only about 20 kilometers across, but with a mass greater than our Sun. The resulting large local curvature in space time provides various tests of Relativity. But the one giving the most precise result is the Shapiro Delay. The time lag is small about 90 millionth of a second. Well, that's within 0.05 percent of what's predicted by General Relativity. And no doubt the small discrepancy is in the measurements, not the theory; Bad news for the many amateur physicists who sent us manuscripts overthrowing Einstein because Albert is still accurate. Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60 Second Science, I’m Ste ve Mirsky.Episode 20: October 2, 2006[Music] This is Scientific American's 60 Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute? The shocking news out of New Hampshire, a single bear has been implicated in the depth of more than 25,000 rainbow trout earlier this month. The news was all the more stunning, because the bear was wearing a little yellow rain-coat, because it was a teddy bear. According to the Concord monitor of New Hampshire newspaper, the teddy bear somehow wound up in the fishing game department trout hatchery pool. Once in the pool the clog drained, any increasingly stagnant water became depleted of oxygen killing the fish. Hatchery supervisor Robert Faucet, say they had a faucet, just not the kind of deliver fresh water into the pool. Anyway, hatchery supervisor Robert Faucet, issued the statement that read, “Release of any teddy bear into the fish hatchery water is not permitted”. He went on to recommended anyone who happened to drop a teddy bear into the water, find a fishing game employee t o help remove it. So to review, trout catch and release, teddy bear’s release and catch. Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60 Second Science, I’m Steve Mirsky.Episode 21: October 3, 2006[Music] This is Scientific American's 60 Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute? The Noble Prizes are being awarded this week. We have info on the new winners on our website, . But did you know that four people have won two Noble Prizes? Madame Curie and Linus Pauling each won two, and they're pretty famous. But two other people remain less well-known, even though they really helped make the world reliving. John Bardeen won the 1956 Physics Nobel for inventing the transistors, so that a portable radio no longer remained putting in a real barrel. He then helped develop a theory for superconductivity for the 1972 Physics Prize. Meanwhile Frederick Sanger won the 1958 Chemistry Nobel for finding the amino acid sequence of the protein insulin and basically inventing protein sequencing. He then came up with DNA sequencing, which led to our ability now to unravel the human genomes, animal genomes and many other organisms and to Chemistry Noble number two in 1980. So if you won a Nobel Prize this week, congratulations! Now get back to work. Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60 Second Science, I’m Steve Mirsky.。
2020北师大版高中英语选择性必修二课文翻译(全册精校)
UNIT 4 HUMOURLESSON 1 WHAT’S SO FUNNY? 什么如此有趣？(P 8-9)Story AA famous art collector was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store. He did a double take.一个著名的艺术品收藏家在穿过城市时看见一只脏猫在一家商店门口舔饮浅碟中的牛奶。
他惊讶地又看了一眼。
He noticed that the saucer was an antique and very valuable, so he walked casually into the store and innocently offered to buy the cat for 20 dollars.收藏家注意到浅碟是件古董，很值钱，于是他漫不经心地走进店里，假装不知情的样子，提出要花20美元买那只猫。
The store owner replied, “I’m sorry, but the cat isn’t for sale.”店主回答道：“不好意思，这只猫不卖。
”The collector said, “Please, I need a hungry cat with a good appetite around the house to catch mice. I’ll pay you 200 dollars for that cat.”收藏家说：“拜托了，我正需要一只又饿、胃口又好的猫帮我抓屋里的老鼠呢，我可以出200美元买那只猫。
”The owner said “sold” and handed over the cat.店主说了声“成交”，就把猫给了他。
The collector continued, “Hey, for the 200 dollars I wonder if you could throw in that old saucer. The cat’s used to it and it’ll save me from having to get a dish.”收藏家接着说：“嘿，200美元的话能不能把那个破碟子也送给我。
应用笔记52416：Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS50 FT-IR 光谱仪
Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS50 FT-IRSpectrometer: Improving Productivity through Compact Automation Application Note 52416 Key WordsAutomation, Far-IR, FT-IR, Full-spectral, Infrared, Mid-IR, Multi-range,Multiple Methods, Near-IR, Workflow OptimizationChallenges Facing Industrial Analytical LabsMany routine QC/QA laboratories can perform materialanalyses with single range, basic Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) instrument configurations. However,modern analytical laboratories face increasing workloadsfrom a broad range of sample types with a simultaneousdrive for faster results and more complex samplecharacterization needs. Flexibility to analyze multiplesample types becomes mandatory when rapidly respondingto these different application requests. Such diversityrequires laboratory instruments to be reconfigured forspecific measurements multiple times per day, taking timeaway from other critical activities. This also implies thatlaboratory personnel possess the necessary skills andexperience to make decisions on how best to configure the instrument for a given application. In addition, frequent handling of delicate optics components presents a costly risk for instrument failure. As a result, many industrial laboratories choose to outsource complex analyses. These limitations inevitably slow the laboratory’s ability to respond to urgent business needs.The Thermo Scientific™ Nicolet™ iS™50 FT-IR spectrometer alleviates many of these productivity concerns by automating setup of the FT-IR system for multi-spectral range experiments (>20,000 cm-1 to 80 cm-1) and fori ntegrating techniques like FT-Raman, near-IR and mid/far-IR attenuated total reflectance (ATR) into a single workflow. Intelligent design behind the Nicolet iS50 spectrometer permits unattended, risk-free operation, increasing lab efficiency, sample throughput, and operational consistency between users. This capability is delivered in an economical, compact system (63 cm of linear bench space) enabling any laboratory to employ multiple techniques for their analysis.Flexibility and Value-added ActivitiesWorking labs need analytical flexibility to respond toa variety of situations where answers are critical for decision-making. Examples include deformulating mixtures to build a case for patent infringement, identifying counterfeit materials for product safety alerts, analyzing forensic samples for criminal investigations, performing failure analysis to minimize production run delays, assessing process scale-up options for a new product launch, or troubleshooting customer complaints. Such diversity of applications requires the selection and installation of the correct instrument accessory as well as choosing the optimal source, beamsplitter, detector, optical path, and experimental conditions. Manually changing components and sampling parameters requires skill and may risk exposure of expensive optics to the external environment (i.e., dust, fingerprints or water vapor). In addition, changing these parameters can result in extensive wait times to equilibrate the instrument before the next measurement.These manual reconfigurations provide little added value to the laboratory workflow. Users must plan and set up batch experiments to minimize the number of steps. This creates bottlenecks, limiting access to the full capability of the instrument. As a result, labs are less able to address “emergency situations” without interrupting the batch run and resetting the instrument parameters. For instance, analysis of a polymer with additives requires mid-IR and far-IR plus Raman spectroscopy. This would entail three beamsplitter changes with associated risks in handling expensive components and instrument recovery times between changes.The productivity improvements with the Nicolet iS50 FT-IR spectrometer come from two main sources. First, the internally mounted iS50 ABX Automated Beamsplitter Exchanger uses one-button simplicity (described as a Touch Point) to perform instrument setup and operation, providing a “one touch and done” workflow. The removal of manual handling and exposure of the optics to the environment means instant readiness. Second, the user need no longer care about which optics are installed. As seen in Table 1, the potential for error in manual operations is apparent when the array of possible component combinations is considered. With the Nicolet iS50 spectrometer, however, a user simply presses the Touch Point on the instrument to automate the configuration and ready the instrument for the experiment. For example, pressing the Touch Point on the iS50 NIR module automates the setup without requiring any understanding of which optics are used. What matters is performing NIR analysis – not worrying about choosing the right components. The instrument takes care of this step. Integration of the spectrometer with its modules and components allows the user to expand capabilities, increasing productivity with tools such as:• Up to three detectors (such as near-, mid- and far-IR)• The iS50 Raman sample compartment module• The built-in diamond iS50 ATR sampling station• T he iS50 NIR module with integrating sphere or fiber optics• The iS50 GC-IR module• A sample compartment thermal gravimetric analysis-IR (TGA-IR Interface)Figure 1 describes the analytical power the user can achieve with the iS50 spectrometer to obtain answers needed for time-sensitive decisions. With a single user interaction, the instrument can perform multiple measurements and analyses, resulting in a final report, even when unattended. The Thermo Scientific OMNIC™software provides a user-friendly interface to set up applications quickly and generate spectra for definitive answers. By adding powerful analytical tools like the Thermo Scientific OMNIC Specta™ software with a library of over 30,000 spectra and multi-component searching (or the TQ Analyst™ software for chemometrics), a complete analytical workflow from sampling to results can often be achieved in less than 60 seconds.This paper will demonstrate how the integration and automation of the Nicolet iS50 spectrometer leads to new levels of productivity, while minimizing risk to costly components. Unlike most spectrometers, operating the Nicolet iS50 instrument becomes simpler as modules are added and as more manual steps are removed even when unattended.Experiment Source Beamsplitter Detector AccessoryMid-IR Transmission Thermo Scientific Polaris™KBr KBr-DLaTGS Standard Cells Far-IR Transmission Polaris Solid Substrate Polyethylene DLaTGS Cells w/Far-IR Windows Near-IR Transmission White Light CaF2InGaAs CuvettesMid-IR ATR Polaris KBr Dedicated DLaTGS iS50 ATRFar-IR ATR Polaris Solid Substrate Dedicated DLaTGS iS50 ATRFT-Raman Raman Laser CaF2Raman InGaAs iS50 RamanTable 1: Experiments made possible with the Nicolet iS50 FT-IR SpectrometerFigure 1: Nicolet iS50 analysis workflowAutomated Multi-spectral Analysis:Mid- and Far-IR ATR plus Near-IRMost FT-IR users understand the utility of the mid-IR spectral range for qualitative and quantitative analyses. Less well known, the far-IR region can provide new and unique information. Simply put, as the mass of atoms involved in vibrations increases, the wavenumber decreases.1Thus, for materials like organometallics or metal oxides, the IR absorption shifts below 400 cm-1 and below the range of standard KBr optics. Numerous polymers, sugars, and other large molecules also have far-IR information which may be useful or definitive to the analyst. Traditionally, collecting FT-IR spectra in both the mid-IR and far-IR region entailed significant sample preparation. This included changing hygroscopic optics and multiple detectors, and risking altered system performance from water vapor. The Nicolet iS50 spectrometer enables rapid analysis over the full mid-IR and well into thefar-IR region (4,000 cm-1 to 80 cm-1) when equipped with the iS50 ABX, iS50 ATR, and the correct beamsplitters. The typical, multi-range FT-IR application requires opening the spectrometer to swap beamsplitters. This requires care in handling costly components and exposesthe internal optics to the environment by disrupting purge or desiccation. This activity adds a recovery period tore-equilibrate the instrument before quality data can be collected. These wait times add no value to operations, wasting the analyst’s precious time. Integration and automation on the spectrometer eliminate non-productive wait times, improving efficiency.As an example, Table 2 compares the steps needed to perform a full spectral analysis from far-IR to near-IR between the manual method (Typical) and the Nicolet iS50 method with built-in iS50 ATR and iS50 NIR module. This represents three spectral ranges in one sampling operation, a unique power of the instrument. Most important the built-in iS50 ATR optics and detector permit spectral data collection in both the mid- and far-IR regions. The analysis time decreases from around 30 minutes to less than seven. With the Nicolet iS50 spectrometer, the user is able to load two sampling locations (the built-in ATR and the Integrating Sphere module), start the macro and walk away, while in the manual operation, continuous attention is needed to swap the beamsplitters at the right moments. This seemingly hidden improvement allows unattended operation, permitting productivity through automation. Figure 2 shows just the mid- and far-IR spectra collected from acetylferrocene analyzed using an OMNIC macro-controlled workflow. The additional information from the far-IR spectra is clear – the low end triplet verifies that the iron is sandwiched between the cyclopentadiene rings. The NIR data is not shown, but the entire process required seven minutes, including collection of themid- and far-IR backgrounds. Automation also reduced the total hands-on time of the user (pressing buttons, loading sample) to ≈20 seconds. Figure 2: Mid-IR and far-IR spectra of Acetylferrocene. The far-IR optics permit collection to 1700 cm-1, which may be sufficient (fingerprint and far-IR) for many applications.Time Nicolet iS50 Time Process Step Typical (minutes) with Built-in ATR (minutes) Sample Preparation Grind, Mix 10 None 0 Mid-IR Background Collect BKG 0.5 Collect BKG (2nd)* 1. Mid-IR Collect Load Sample, 2 Load Sample, 1Collect Spectrum Collect SpectrumChange Optics Manual Exchange 0.5 Automated 0.5 Recovery Time Wait for Purge 5–10 No Recovery Time 0 Far-IR Background Collect BKG 0.5 Collect BKG (1st)* 0.5 Far-IR Collect Load Sample, 2 Load Sample, 1Collect Spectrum Collect SpectrumChange Optics (NIR) Manual Exchange 0.5 Automated 0.5 Recovery Time Wait for Purge 5 No Recovery Time 0 Collect Background Collect BKG 0.5 Collect BKG 0.5 Collect Sample Load Sample, 1 Collect SAM 0.5Collect SAMData Analysis (Search) Perform Search 2 Automated Search 0.5 Total Time 29.5–34.5 6.5 Table 2: Far-infrared analysis: Typical versus Nicolet iS50 process* W ith the iS50 ATR present, the far-IR background (BKG) is collected, the iS50 ABX swaps beamsplitters, and themid-IR background is collected in <1.5 minutes. The sample is loaded and the spectra are collected in sequence.All times are approximate.Figure 3: The Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS50 FT-IR spectrometer configured for FT-Raman, near-IR, and mid/far-IR ATR with the automated beamsplitter exchanger.Figure 4: Touch Points on the Nicolet iS50 spectrometer employ one-button switching between modules and the iS50 ABX automates optics set-up Touch Point A – NIR module Touch Point B – Raman moduleTouch Point C – Built-in diamond ATRComponent D – ABX Automated Beamsplitter ExchangerMultiple Techniques and Multi-range Analysis: Enhanced FlexibilityThe Nicolet iS50 spectrometer can be configured with FT-Raman, NIR, and wide-range diamond ATR. Switching between these experiments raises concerns of instrument recovery time (purge), exposure/handling of optics, and potential confusion or user error. The experiments are often seen as independent activities for these reasons. The spectrometer with iS50 ABX simplifies this apparently complex situation to one step – initiation of a macro. The Nicolet iS50 instrument shown in Figure 3 is configured with the iS50 NIR, iS50 Raman, iS50 ATR and the iS50 ABX modules and shows how easy sample loading and analysis can be done.For operating one module at a time, the user need only press the associated Touch Point. Seen more closely in Figure 4, Touch Points make one-button operation effortless when switching between modules (sampling stations) and automating optics exchange. Rather than thinking through the components needed (light source, beamsplitter, optical path and detector) to run anexperiment, the user simply presses the Touch Point to switch from an ATR to an NIR measurement and waits until the instrument indicates that it is ready to begin. This error-free operation is done in 30 seconds.The Nicolet iS50 analytical power in Figure 1 becomes clear when the four data collections – mid-IR and far-IR ATR, NIR, and Raman – are performed in one workflow. Collecting spectra from each of these modules using a conventional manual approach required about 50 minutes, including sample loading, optical changes, time forequilibration, and optimization of the Raman signal. The analyst needed to be present throughout the experiment to perform the beamsplitter changes and collect various backgrounds for each sampling station. At the end of the 50 minutes, four spectra and their analyses were available. Actual data collection took 5 minutes and total hands-on time was 45 minutes, representing inefficient use of the analyst’s time.In contrast, the results shown in Figure 5 emerged from a single OMNIC-macro operation. The macro wasprogrammed to begin by collecting backgrounds for the mid- and far-IR ATR, and then switched to the iS50 Raman module. Next the samples were loaded on the ATR, NIR, and Raman sampling stations. After optimizing the signal using the autofocus feature of the Ramanmodule, the macro was initiated, and the analyst walked away. From starting the macro to completion of the final report, the analysis took less than 12 minutes, representing a time savings of over 70%. The actual data collection time was again 5 minutes, however, total hands-on time for the analyst was only 2 minutes – a highly efficient use of the analyst’s (and the instrument’s) time.ABC DApplication Note 52416AN52416_E 12/12MAfrica +27 11 822 4120Australia +61 3 9757 4300Austria +43 1 333 50 34 0Belgium +32 53 73 42 41Canada +1 800 530 8447China +86 10 8419 3588Denmark +45 70 23 62 60Europe-Other +43 1 333 50 34 0Finland/Norway/Sweden +46 8 556 468 00France +33 1 60 92 48 00Germany +49 6103 408 1014India +91 22 6742 9434Italy +39 02 950 591Japan +81 45 453 9100Latin America +1 561 688 8700Middle East +43 1 333 50 34 0Netherlands +31 76 579 55 55New Zealand +64 9 980 6700Russia/CIS +43 1 333 50 34 0Spain +34 914 845 965Switzerland +41 61 716 77 00UK +44 1442 233555USA +1 800 532 4752©2012 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and its subsidiaries.This information is presented as an example of the capabilities of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. products. It is not intended to encourage use of these products in any manners that might infringe the intellectual property rights of others. Specifications, terms and pricing are subject to change. Not all products are available in all countries. Please consult your local sales representative for details.ConclusionMany forces contribute to new pressures on industrial analytical laboratories: increased sample loads, decreased staffing, retirement of experts, and shrinking budgets. The Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS50 FT-IR spectrometer makes a significant contribution to alleviating these challenges through automation in a multi-tasking, single platform instrument. The Nicolet iS50 spectrometer greatly simplifies and streamlines workflows by decreasing the number of steps with one-button ease and macro operations performed by the analyst. In addition, risks inherent in manual operations (e.g., user error, environmentalexposure) and long recovery times are eliminated. Analysts of any skill level can successfully obtain meaningful results with minimal hands-on time.Technology designed to improve workflow can be found in the iS50 ABX and task-specific modules (i.e., Raman, NIR, TGA-IR etc.). The Touch Point operation simplifies access to the full range of capabilities by automatically configuring the optics (near-, mid- and far-IR) andswitching between sampling stations (modules) in secondsfor enhanced productivity. For the modern industrial lab, the Nicolet iS50 FT-IR spectrometer offers a powerful new tool that goes beyond routine FT-IR to more comprehensive analyses (e.g., FT-Raman and far-IR), adding value to laboratory activities in a compact, easy-to-operate platform.References1. H eavy atoms or groups of atoms shift the IR wavenumber value lower, according to the relationshipwhere ˜v is the IR wavenumber (cm -1) and μ is the reduced mass. As the mass (μ) increases, the IR peak shifts to lower wavenumbers.GlossaryCaF 2– calcium fluorideDLaTGS – d euterated L-alanine doped triglycene sulphate InGaAs – Indium gallium arsenide KBr– potassium bromideFigure 5: Multi-technique data for a recyclable plastic component using the spectrometer pictured in Figure 3. Inset shows NIRindependently for clarity.。
高中英语2024届高考复习完形填空分类练习(议论文)(附参考答案和解析)
高考英语完形填空分类练习班级考号姓名总分(议论文)（一）（2023·上海·上海市民办文绮中学校考三模）The teenage years of an individual is marked by evaluating one’s values, experiencing a shift in outlooks, and a tendency to act rebellious.It can also be a time when someone becomes extremely 96 to negative influences, and is drawn towards dangerous situations.On the other hand, for parents, the period of their children’s adolescence means regularly worrying about their safety and formation as a citizen.Thus, a method of 97 teenagers’ security is needed, and curfews(宵禁)are often seen as such a measure, since they have proved their 98 .At the same time, certain peculiarities exist about establishing curfews for children.The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this method is still rather 99 , and in European democracies, where this measure is yet not so widely used.The first and foremost reason for establishing curfews is children’s security. 100 curfews require teenagers under 17 years to stay out of streets starting from 11 p.m.or midnight.This is believed to protect them from crimes committed after nightfall, as well as from breaking the law, and there exists seriousevidence 101 this belief.For example, when New Orleans enabled adusk-till-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates of juvenile crime were reported to fall more than 20 percent.Even more impressive 102 were recorded in Dallas, which reported a 30-percent decrease in violent juvenile crime, and a 21-percent decrease in the overall rates of crimes committed by young people(The New York Times).On the other hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rob young people of their rights, 103 their freedom.This opinion is particularly supported by the fact that curfew violations and the respective charges are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United States. 104 , there were reports claiming that police arrested more non-white teenagers for curfew violations.All this can cause a teenager to believe they have crossed a psychological line dividing them as 105 ; thus, such teenagers may start to see themselves as outlaws, which can 106 committing more serious crimes than a curfew offense.What is important for a parent to remember when establishing a curfew for their chil dren is that a teenager’s misjudged view of certain107 may cause them to misbehave in some other way; this is proved by research conducted by the University of Minnesota, according to which teens tend to protest against what they seeas 108 .Considering this, parents should 109 the authoritarian style of establishing curfews; instead, they should have a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions for a curfew thatwould 110 both sides.96.A.opposed B.subjected C.related D.restricted97.A.improving B.restoring C.ensuring D.expanding98.A.principle B.reference C.approach D.efficiency99.A.popular B.absent C.practical D.accessible100.A.Typical B.Evident C.Critical D.Specific101.A.in place of B.in honor of C.in case of D.in favor of102.A.results B.events C.patterns D.links103.A.protecting B.acknowledging C.limiting D.liberating104.A.By contrast B.In addition C.In conclusion D.In general105.A.winners B.criminals C.victims D.protectors106.A.take charge of B.contribute to C.result from D.deal with107.A.rules B.charges C.crimes D.relations108.A.impolite B.unrealistic C.inadequate D.unfair109.A.adopt B.allow C.avoid D.address110.A.satisfy B.spare C.surround D.settle（二）（2023·上海·高三校考阶段练习）Why some brilliant ideas get overlooked?In 1928, Karl Jansky, a young radio engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories, began researching static interference that might obscure voice transmissions.Five years later, after building a large rotating antenna (天线) and investigating every possibility he could think of, he published his remarkable 111 : some of the static was coming from the Milky Way.Jansky’s theory was eye-catching enough to be published in The New York Times but scientists were 112 .Radio signals from outer space? Surely they were too weak to detect.Jansky’s ideas were largely113 for about a decade.He died at the age of 44.Thankfully, he lived long enough to see his ideas blossom into field of radio astronomy.Jansky’s story resonates with us: we all like the idea of the researcher who is so far ahead of their 114 that it takes years for the rest of the world to catch up.Gregor Mendel’s research into plant genetics is a famous example —published in 1866, it was only verified and taken seriously in 1900.The stories of Jansky and Mendel hold out some hope to anyone who feels that the world has not quite 115 their brilliance.There is even a name for such cases, coined by Anthony van Raan of Leiden University: “Sleeping Beauties”, scientific papers that receive almost no citations for years, before findingwide 116 .(Some scholars argue that the term is sexist and prefer “delayed recognition”.)So what is it about an idea that delays recognition? One view is that brilliant ideas are overlooked when delivered by obscure messengers.Jansky and Mendel were somewhat detached from (离开) the scientific 117 .In 1970, the sociologist Stephen Cole published an analysis arguing that the obstacle tended to lie inthe 118 of the idea itself, rather than the prestige of the scientist behind it.Ideas fell asleep for a hundred years because they were radical, or confusing, or both.It is difficult to be sure.Two scholars of the field, Eugene Garfield and Wolfgand Glanzel, have argued that such 119 of delayed recognition are so rare as to be hard to analyse.Studying papers published in 1980 from the vantage (优势) point of 2004, they looked for articles that were barely cited for five years, then subsequently 120 .They found just 60 examples in 450,000 cases.There areplenty of examples of research that is barely cited; what is rare is their subsequent popularity.Why, then, is this myth such a compelling one? One explanation, of course, is that we all love a story of the underdog (黑马) who triumphsagainst 121 .Immediate and sustained success is as boring as immediate and sustained failure.Another is that scientists themselves are fond of the thought that their ideas are 122 .In an essay on delayed recognition, Garfield notes mildly that one historian of science, Derek Price, believed one of his own papers was suffering delayed recognition.It is easy to chuckle, but it is also easy to empathise.Delayed recognition is rare.Much more 123 is for people simply to reach their prime late in life.David Galenson is an economist who studies the creative output of musicians, artists, directors and others.Galenson has found that while it is quite possible to 124 as a radical young conceptual artist, there are many examples of “old masters” whose later works are more admired than their youthful ones.We all need to be able to hold on to the idea that the best is yet to come.But it is too tempting to hope that what we have already produced will, one day, be recognized for its brilliance.Good things do not come to those who wait, if 125 is all they do.It is wiser to get back to work and make something better.111.A.conclusion B.device C.invention D.paper112.A.unreliable B.uncomfortable C.unimpressed D.unsatisfactory113.A.criticized B.kept C.ignored D.inspected114.A.mission B.goal C.schedule D.time115.A.caught up with B.had a good command ofC.made good use ofD.taken advantage of116.A.attention B.platform C.space D.vision117.A.data B.kingdom C.mainstream D.proof118.A.content B.origin C.popularity D.presence119.A.examples B.letters C.reports D.supporters120.A.broke off B.paid off C.switched off D.took off121.A.the authorities B.the odds C.the opposite D.the wrong122.A.underappreciated B.underdevelopedC.underequippedD.underperformed123.A.challenging mon plicated D.difficult124.A.break through B.get through C.make ends meet D.make senseplaining B.socializing C.thinking D.waiting（三）（2023·上海·卢湾高级中学校考三模）For a start, we’re not sure what artificial intelligence (AI) is, which complicates our every conversation about what effect it will have on our lives.We can’t even really 126 what intelligence is in humans, where the conversation inevitably goes away from science and into philosophy.As neither a scientist nor a philosopher, but with decades of personal experience on the front lines of both human and machine cognition (认知), I prefer to focus on the 127 .AI will be the greatest technological advance since the Internet turned the world into a living stream of data.It will eventually bemore 128 than the Internet, changing every part of our lives in seen and unseen ways.And it’s already129 .From medical diagnosis to investment banking, from hiring staff to educating our children, these increasingly 130 systems are changing the world.Whether you find this terrifying or wonderful is important, becausepublic 131 drives education, investment, and regulation, making the outcome a type of self-fulfilling promise. 132 , if people find the rapid advance of intelligent machines terrifying instead of wonderful, it won’t stop it, but it could make the outcome much worse.Powerful new technology nearly always causes distress before producing broad benefits.By slowing down our progress out ofunreasoning 133 , we lengthen the distress stage by delaying the next waves of breakthroughs needed to produce the broader benefits.There are real and immediate 134 about the increase in intelligent machines, especially autonomous ones.Rising inequality if automation hits lower-income people harder, personal data being used improperly by companies… None of these issues come anywhere close to an existential threat – the killer robots of Hollywood or the super-intelligent AI that sees no reason to 135 .It’s as if everyone were curious about how we might all one day be killed by robots.As a member of the executive board of the Foundation for Responsible Robotics and as a security ambassador for Avast Software, I’ve become all too136 the real threats we may be faced with due to these AI-enhanced machines.And I’m glad that great minds like Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk are voicing their concerns, and that top AI authorities like Nick Bostrom are mapping outthe 137 possibilities.After all, we live with nuclear power that could literally destroy the planet, and we certainly want it to be monitored andused 138 .But like all our inventions, AI is capable of being used for good orevil. 139 matters, and so making better humans will always be more important than making smarter machines.Above all, we must keep 140 , because the only solution for the problems caused by today’s technology is tomorrow’s.126.A.tell apart B.disapprove of C.glance at D.agree on127.A.theoretical B.practical C.physical D.mental128.A.specialized B.transformative C.predictable D.irrelevant129.A.happening B.misleading C.worsening D.changing130.A.intense B.annoying C.capable D.simple131.A.health B.image C.service D.opinion132.A.In short B.What’s more C.That is D.As a result133.A.fear B.deed C.manner D.passion134.A.rumors B.remarks C.mysteries D.concerns135.A.take humans in B.keep humans aroundC.give humans upD.put humans away136.A.familiar with B.ignorant of C.superior to D.unhappy about137.A.newest B.best C.oldest D.worst138.A.occasionally B.responsibly C.immediately D.genuinely139.A.Technology B.Morality C.Intelligence D.Automation140.A.moving forward B.looking upon C.calming down D.running away附：参考答案解析（一）96.B 97.C 98.D 99.A 100.A 101.D 102.A 103.C104.B 105.B 106.B 107.A 108.D 109.C 110.A 【解析】这是一篇议论文。
弘扬科学精神英语范文
弘扬科学精神英语范文Title: Promoting the Spirit of ScienceIn an era where misinformation and pseudoscience can spread within seconds, promoting the spirit of science has become more crucial than ever. The scientific mindset is not just a matter of understanding complex theories or appreciating technological advancements; it is about fostering a way of thinking that values curiosity, skepticism, and critical thinking. This essay aims to explore why the spirit of science is vital, how education plays a pivotal role in its promotion, and the impact of this mindset on society.The spirit of science is rooted in inquiry and the relentless pursuit of knowledge. It encourages us to ask questions, challenge assumptions, and seek evidence-based solutions. At the heart of this mindset is an openness to revise beliefs based on new evidence, which is essential for personal growth and communal progress. By fostering a scientific attitude, we can better navigate the complexities of the modern world, make informed decisions, and resolve problems efficiently.Education is the cornerstone of promoting the scientific mindset. From primary school to tertiary institutions, integrating scientific reasoning into various subjects cansignificantly impact students' cognitive development. Education should not only focus on scientific facts but also on the methods and principles by which science operates. This includes an understanding of the scientific method, the importance of empirical evidence, and the principle of falsifiability. When students are taught to think critically and apply these principles across disciplines, they develop a skill set that is invaluable in any profession or walk of life.Moreover, promoting the spirit of science in education helps combat the spread of misinformation. In a world saturated with information, the ability to discern reliable sources and separate fact from fiction is a vital skill. By emphasizing the scientific process and encouraging skepticism, students learn to approach information with a critical eye, questioning claims that lack empirical backing and recognizing the difference between opinion and evidence.Beyond education, the spirit of science also has a profound impact on society. It promotes innovation by encouraging individuals and organizations to challenge the status quo, seek improvements, and innovate solutions. This mindset is evident in the achievements of technological giants, medical breakthroughs, and environmental initiatives. Byembracing scientific principles, society can progress while addressing complex issues such as climate change, health crises, and technological ethics.However, promoting the spirit of science requires a collective effort. Media outlets, policymakers, and influencers have a responsibility to advocate for scientific literacy. This involves communicating complex scientific issues in an accessible manner, encouraging public engagement with science, and supporting policies that are based on robust scientific research. Only through a concerted effort can we ensure that the spirit of science thrives and guides our societal progress.In conclusion, the spirit of science is not merely a set of principles relegated to laboratories and research facilities. It is a way of thinking that has far-reaching implications for education, personal development, and societal advancement. By fostering a scientific mindset through education, combating misinformation, and collectively advocating for scientific literacy, we can uphold the values of curiosity, critical thinking, and evidence-based reasoning. In doing so, we empower future generations to face challenges intelligently and sustainably, ensuring that the light of science continues toilluminate the path forward.。
KD Scientific 电子注射泵说明书
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The pump has been modified to hold up to 10 syringes.• Multiple syringe holder:–One to ten syringes, up to 10 ml–One to six syringes, 20 ml - 60 ml –One to four syringes, 100 ml - 140 ml• Multiple mode selection:–Infusion, Withdrawal, Infusion then withdrawal, Withdrawal then Infusion,Continuous CycleK D S 3310Nanoliter Syringe PumpThe KDS 310 Reversible Nano Pump is used exclusively with micro syringes. Small size, remote pump head and a rugged mounting arm make it ideal for use with micromanipulator, stereotaxic and other clamping devices.• Mini size pump •Remote pump head• 1 to 100 µl syringe•Minimum flow of 0.01 µl/minuteINFUSION/WITHDRAWAL PUMPSINFUSE AND WITHDRAW CAPABILITIES PROVIDE MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY FOR VARIED APPLICATIONS . THIS FEATURE PERMITS APPLICATIONS SUCH AS AUTO -MATIC WITHDRAWAL OF SAMPLES AND UNATTENDED FILLING OF SYRINGES AT VERY LOW FLOW RATES . THE UNIQUE KDS 310 OFFERS A REMOTE PUMP HEAD , WHICH IS PERFECT WHEN SPACE IS LIMITED . THE SMALL SIZE AND EXCEPTIONAL LOW FLOW RATE CAPABILITY ALLOWS DIRECT MOUNTING OF THE KDS 310 ON A STEREOTAXIC MANIPULATORS WITHOUT THE NEED FOR LONG NARROW TUBING WHICH IS BOTH DIFFICULT TO USE AND REQUIRES LARGER VOLUMES OF VALUABLE FLUIDS .I n f u s i o n /W i t h d r a w a l P u m p sN E Wphone 508.429.6809I w w w.k d s c i e n t i f i c.c o m I fax 508.893.0160K D S 2270Continuous CycleSyringe Pump(Formerly KDS 210C)The KDS 270 can hold up to four syringes and can cycle continuously back and forth in a push-pull action.As two syringes are infusing, two syringes are with-drawing at the same rate. At the end of the set volume the direction is automatically reversed and the next cycle begins. With the use of 3-way valves, the pump can empty and refill syringes for a continuous dispense. • Holds four syringes, 10 ml to 60 ml each. With larger syringes the full volume may not be useable. [60 ml syr - 40 ml use-able, 30 ml syr - full]P u s h -P u l l P u m p sC o n t i n u o u s C y c l e S y r i n g e P u m pK D S 2260Four-Syringe Push-Pull PumpThis KDS pump provides simultaneous infusion and withdrawal with opposing syringes on a single drive.Note: When not used in push/pull mode, the pump has all the fea-tures of KDS 210• Holds up to four syringes, 10 ml to 60 ml each. With large syringes, the full volume may not not be usable.K D S 1120Two-Syringe Push-Pull PumpThis pump provides simultaneous infusion and withdrawal at the same rate with opposing syringes on the same drive screw. The Push/Pull mode is designed for one cycle only.• Holds two syringes 10 µl to 10 ml each • Minimum flow 0.003 µl/hr (10 µl syringe)PUSH-PULL SYRINGE PUMPSTHESE PROVEN KDS PUMPS PROVIDE SIMULTANEOUS INFUSIONANDWITHDRAWALWITHOPPOSINGSYRINGES ON A SINGLE DRIVE . THEKDS 120 ANDKDS 260 ARE ADAPTATIONS OF THE KDS 100 AND KDS 210, RESPECTIVELY . EACH HAS BEEN MODIFIEDTO HOLD AN ADDITIONAL SYRINGE SO THAT AS ONE SYRINGE INFUSES , THE SECOND SYRINGE WITHDRAWS AT THE SAME RATE .Keypad programmable option now available with all KDS 200 Series syringe pumps...Lets you program right from the keypad.Simply follow a few menu-driven prompts and in just minutes you can cus-tomize a program to: control the pump from seconds to days, change flow rates, pause, ramp rates up or down automatically, control outputs and respond to external TTL signals.Each step offers these options:1.Time duration, from one second up to 12 hours2.Travel direction – Infuse or withdraw (where available)3.Beginning flow rate (µl/hr to ml/min range)4.End flow rate (µl/hr to ml/min range)5.Pause – Waits for an external trigger to start6.Status of output TTL pins7.Loop option – Loops back to any previous step and repeats the intermediate steps. Two separate loops available.8.Set the count in the loop cycle. Steps may be repeated up to 100 times.9.Program stored in non volatile memory.Unlike other programmable pumps, there’s no need to enter time increments or decrements between start and end flow rates. KDS pumps provide a smooth, linear transition automatically.A program is divided into eight variable time periods called steps. A step can be up to 12 hours long and may be changed without affecting the other steps.FootswitchRemotely start/stop the KDS 200 series pumps with this footswitch. Plugsdirectly to the TTL interface on the KD 200series of pumps.Daisy Chain CableConnect multiple pumps together. Daisy chain up the 99 KDS 200series pumps through the daisy chain cable. Simply connect the first pump to the second pump with one cable and use additional cables to chain the pumps together. Each pump can be given a remote address. Communication to each pump can be done through the RS232 interface.RS232 Cable9 pin female connector with phone jack interface to KDS 200 series pumps.K D S 3330Emulsifier PumpThe model KDS 330 is designed to emulsify viscous fluids/suspensions by forcing them back and forth through a micro-emulsifying needle. The pump eliminates the fatigue and time required to manually prepare the emulsion. The KDS 330 is ideal to prepare an adjuvant/antigen mixture to the correct viscosity ready for injection.The pump is based on the KDS 210 in continuous mode for cycling back and forth and is specifically designed for a 10 cc glass syringe and emulsion needle.• Simple control using a keypad, menu selection and a LCD display • Volume setting and automatic cycling • Rate setting• Settings stored in memory • Stall detectionTime (HR: MIN: SEC)Flow Rate µl/hrEndphone 508.429.6809I w w w.k d s c i e n t i f i c.c o m I fax 508.893.0160K e y p a d P r o g r a m m a b l e P u m p sS p e c i a l t y P u m p A c c e s s o r i e sN E WP u m p S p e c i f i c a t i o n s(All pumps available in CE mark version)Audible alarm option available with all pumps. Keypad programmable option available with all 200 Series pumps.NOTE: KD SCIENTIFIC SYRINGE PUMPS ARE FOR LABORATORY USE ONLY. THEY HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED BY THE FDA FOR CLINICAL USE ON HUMANS. All models available 115/230 VAC 50/60 Hz and with CE mark. All specifications subject to change at any time.* Pump head dimensions. ** Using 1 µl syringe.P U M P S W I T H A P U R P O S E.84 October Hill Road, Holliston, MA 01746phone508.429.6809fax508.893.0160e-mail inf o@kdscientif w w w.k d s c i e n t i f i c.c o m。
Thermo Scientific HyPerforma Single-Use Mixer (S.U
Touchscreen Console Quick Start Guide This Guide provides a brief overview of setting up the Thermo Scientific™ HyPerforma™ Single-Use Mixer (S.U.M.) Touchscreen Console. For more detailed information about the features of the Touchscreen Console, refer to the Thermo Scientific HyPerforma S.U.M. with Touchscreen Console User’s Guide (DOC0042).Warnings and safetyHazardous voltage inside.Risk of electrical shock.Service should be providedby certified personnel only. For complete warnings and safety information, refer to the S.U.M. with Touchscreen Console User’s Guide.Setting up the hardware1. First, inspect the packaging fordamage. Call your Thermo Scientificsales representative if any damage ispresent. Use the instructions providedin the S.U.M. with Touchscreen ConsoleUnpacking Guide (DOC0061) to unpackyour S.U.M. unit. The TouchscreenConsole will be attached to a stationaryarm on the tank.2. See Figure 1 for an overview of boththe front and back of the TouchscreenConsole hardware components.3. If your unit comes with the optionalpump shelves, use a wrench and fourbolts per shelf to attach them to thepost. The basket (also optional) will bepre-attached. Set any pumps that will beconnected to the S.U.M. on the attachedshelves, if present (Figure 2). Pumps mayalso be stored on a cart or other stablesurface near the S.U.M.Figure 1. Front and back views of the Touchscreen ConsoleTouchscreenbuttonResetbuttonSpeakerUSB portMotor connectionPump/auxiliaryoutput ports (4)Variouscommunicationports (24)Auxiliary breakerswitchAuxiliary outputpower ports (4)Pneumatic ports (4) DigitalMainswitchMainswitchPower cordconnectionFigure 3. Main power switch, shown in the “Off” positiontemperature control unit (TCU) will all be shut off. This will also trigger the Safety Torque Off function (STO) to stop the motor. Note: The Touchscreen Console will continue data logging while the E-Stop is activated. To reset the E-Stop and restart system operations, pull out (disengage) the E-Stop button, and press the “Reset” button.7. Connect all electrical plugs to facility power. Refer tohardware/electrical labels and schematics to ensure proper electrical voltage is connected to the S.U.M.8. Connect the motor power cable to the motor (Figure 4).Figure 2. Placing pumps on shelvesFigure 4. Connecting the power cable to the motor9. Connect any communication cables you will beusing (temperature sensor, pH sensor, load cells, etc.) to the input ports on the back of the Touchscreen Console by pushing the end of the cable into the port, and using the supplied tool to turn the silver ring on the port in a clockwise motion (Figure 5). Make connections to digital communication ports after the rest of the connections have been made. Note: To allow visibility of the port labels while you are making connections, it is recommended tobegin plugging cables into the Touchscreen Console ports starting at the bottom, and working your way upward. An adapter is available for wiring cables for compatibility (refer to the Thermo Scientific S.U.M. with Touchscreen Console User’s Guide for ordering information).4. Plug the communication cables from thepump(s) into the pump/aux out 4-20 mA ports on the back of the Touchscreen Console. Route the pump cords through the cable management system clips (if present) attached to the handles on the back of the S.U.M. Then plug the pumps into the proper power source.5. Verify that the main power switch on the back ofthe Touchscreen Console is in the “Off” position. If the main power switch is in the “On” position (pointing to the “I”), turn the switch counter-clockwise until it is pointing to the “O,” as seen in Figure 3.6. Verify that the emergency stop (E-Stop) locatedon the front of the Touchscreen Console is disengaged, i.e. pulled out. If the E-Stop is pushed in (engaged), an audible buzzer will sound. The AC outlet, pneumatic output(including valves), pumps/auxiliary outputs, and10. Use the auxiliary power ports on the back ofthe Touchscreen Console as needed. Note: Auxiliary power is at the same line voltage as the Touchscreen Console (either 120 or 240 V, depending on your system). Verify that the auxiliary breaker on the back of the Touchscreen Console is in the “On” position before use.CAUTION: All four auxiliary power ports share the same breaker (8 amps of power out of the Touchscreen Console). To avoid tripping the auxiliary breaker, do not use higher than 8 amps of power for all four of the auxiliary power ports combined.11. When you are ready to operate the system, turnon the main breaker, followed by the main power switch. After the Touchscreen Console has booted up, verify that the E-Stop is disengaged, then press the blue “power on reset” button(Figure 6).Figure 7. Idle screen at initial Touchscreen Console setupFigure 5. Connecting communication cablesFigure 6. Pushing the power on reset buttonConfiguring the home screenWhen the Touchscreen Console is booted up for the first time, you will see the idle screen below (Figure 7). Confirm that the correct S.U.M. size, date, and time are shown at the bottom right of the screen. If any of the values are incorrect, touch the “Settings” icon in the top right corner and select “Instrument Settings” to adjust the values. Touch “Home Screen.” Then, use the following steps to configure your Touchscreen Console.1. The “Select Auxiliary Outputs or Pumps”screen that appears allows the user to select a combination of four pumps and/or auxiliary outputs (Figure 8). Touch the pumps and/or auxiliary outputs you would like to use to add them to your home screen. To deselect a pump or auxiliary output, touch the button again.When you are finished, touch “Next.”Figure 8. Selecting pumps and/or auxiliary outputs2. The “Home Screen Confirmation” screenthat appears (Figure 9) displays the pumps/auxiliary outputs and other modules you have selected. Click “Confirm” to add them to your home screen. The next screen that appearswill look similar, but it will list the modules that have been added to the home screen. Touch “Open Home Screen.”1. Administrator icon: If an Administrator profilehas been created and is currently logged in,this icon will appear blue. If an Administratoris not logged in, the icon will appear gray.2. Alarm icon: Directs the user to the AlarmStatus screen, where alarms can be viewed/acknowledged.3. Settings icon: Directs the user to the SystemSettings screen, where the user can adjustthe date/time, set up an Administrator profile, check for software updates, and more.4. Flyout menu bar (not visible in Figure 10):Shows active modules. Touching the module name in the flyout menu will open the activemodule.5. Configured modules: Shows modules thatthe user has added to the home screen andconfigured. See the HyPerforma S.U.M. withTouchscreen Console User’s Guide for moreinformation about adding and configuringmodules.6. Page navigation: The home screen canhave up to three pages, which are visible atthe bottom of the screen as three dots. Thedot for the active page will be white whilethe others are grayed out. The next availablepage can be accessed by swiping right-to-left across the home screen. The number ofpages depends upon the number of modules the user has configured.7. S.U.M. size, date, and time: Displays thesize of the S.U.M. currently in use, and thecurrent date and time.Figure 9. Home Screen Confirmation screen3. Your configured home screen will appearwith the modules you selected. Dependingon the number of modules added, your home screen may be one or multiple pages. Swipe right-to-left to view other pages.Using the home screenFigure 10 on the following page shows an example of a configured Touchscreen Console home screen. Each page of the home screen is comprised of “modules,” which provide various functionality, such as measuring temperature, filling the S.U.M. with liquid, and controlling agitation speeds. The following numbered list provides more information about the features of the home screen.34 567Setting TCU parametersThe flowcharts shown in Figures 11–13 illustratethe order in which TCU parameters should beset, varying by TCU manufacturer and model.Teal-colored boxes represent items from theSettings menu, and gray-colored boxes representthe required parameter inputs.Figure 11. Setup parameters for Neslab TF series TCUFigure 12. Setup parameters for Lauda Varicool series TCUFigure 13. Setup parameters for Lauda Integral T series TCU TCU calibration proceduresThe flowcharts shown in Figures 14–16 illustrate the TCU calibration procedures, varying by TCU manufacturer and model. Teal-colored boxes represent items from the Settings menu, and gray-colored boxes represent the required parameter inputs.Figure 16. TCU calibration procedures for Lauda Integral T series TCUFind out more at /sutFor Research or Further Manufacturing. Not for diagnostic use or direct administration into humans or animals.© 2018 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific and its。
初中生英语作文介绍一次科学实验的过程
初中生英语作文介绍一次科学实验的过程Title: A Scientific ExperimentYesterday, our class conducted a fascinating scientific experiment.It was an exciting experience that not only increased our knowledge but also developed our practical skills.The experiment was about the properties of acids and bases.Our teacher, Mr.Wang, explained the importance of understanding the pH scale and how different substances can be categorized as acidic, basic, or neutral.He also emphasized the importance of safety precautions, such as wearing goggles and gloves, to protect ourselves from any potential hazards.The experiment began with Mr.Wang dividing us into groups of three.Each group was given a set of materials, including clear solution, pH paper, and various chemicals such as vinegar, baking soda, and ammonia.Our first task was to mix a small amount of each chemical with the clear solution and observe any changes.As we carefully added the vinegar, we noticed that the solution turned cloudy.When we added baking soda, it fizzed and produced bubbles.On the other hand, ammonia caused the solution to become sticky.ext, we used pH paper to test the acidity or alkalinity of the solutions.We dipped the pH paper into each solution and observed thecolor change.According to the color chart provided, we determined the pH level of each solution.We found that vinegar was acidic, while baking soda was basic.Ammonia, however, was neutral.Throughout the experiment, we recorded our observations and discussed the possible reasons behind the changes we witnessed.We learned that acids and bases react with each other to form salts and water, a process known as neutralization.In conclusion, the experiment was a great success.We not only learned about the properties of acids and bases but also experienced the joy of discovery.It was a rewarding experience that enhanced our understanding of science and its applications in everyday life.。
英文时分秒缩写范文
英文时分秒缩写范文英文回答：Seconds, Minutes, and Hours.In English, the abbreviations for seconds, minutes, and hours are as follows:Seconds: s.Minutes: min.Hours: h.These abbreviations are commonly used in scientific, technical, and everyday contexts to denote time intervals or durations.In addition to these basic abbreviations, there are also more specific abbreviations used for different unitsof time. For example:Milliseconds: ms.Microseconds: μs.Nanoseconds: ns.Picoseconds: ps.Femtoseconds: fs.Attoseconds: as.These abbreviations are typically used in the context of physics, engineering, and other scientific disciplines where very precise time measurements are required.Examples of Usage:The experiment lasted for 10 minutes (10 min).The car's speed was measured at 60 kilometers per hour (60 km/h).The computer's clock has an accuracy of 1 millisecond (1 ms).The laser pulse had a duration of 10 picoseconds (10 ps).中文回答：秒、分和小时。
英文时分秒缩写范文
英文时分秒缩写范文Title: The Abbreviations of Time: A Comprehensive Guide.Time, a fundamental concept in our lives, is often abbreviated for brevity and convenience. Theseabbreviations are widely used in various contexts,including written communication, scheduling, and technical documentation. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the common abbreviations used for hours, minutes, and seconds, along with their origins and applications.Hours.The abbreviation for "hours" is typically representedby the letter "h" or "H". This abbreviation is widely usedin various fields, such as science, technology, and business. For example, in a meeting invitation, you might see "Meeting at 9h30" to indicate a meeting starting at9:30 am. Similarly, in a scientific context, "24H" might be used to refer to a 24-hour period.Interestingly, the abbreviation "h" for hours can also be traced back to Latin, where "hora" meant "hour". This etymological connection adds to the rich history and cultural significance of this abbreviation.Minutes.Minutes are typically abbreviated as "min" or "m". These abbreviations are widely used in timing contexts, such as sports, cooking, and scientific experiments. For instance, a runner might complete a lap in "3min 20s" (three minutes and twenty seconds). In a cooking recipe, "Bake for 10m" might indicate that the food should be baked for ten minutes.The abbreviation "min" for minutes is derived from the Latin word "minuta", which means "minute" or "small part". This etymological link further illustrates the historical and linguistic roots of this abbreviation.Seconds.Seconds are typically abbreviated as "s" or "sec". These abbreviations are commonly used in timing-related activities, such as sports competitions, scientific measurements, and even everyday conversations. For instance, a runner's pace might be described as "6s per 100m" (six seconds per 100 meters). In a laboratory setting, "Measureto the nearest 0.01 sec" might be instructions for precise timing.The abbreviation "s" for seconds is derived from the Latin word "secundus", which means "second" or "following". This etymological connection provides further insight into the origin and evolution of this abbreviation.Applications and Uses.The abbreviations for hours, minutes, and seconds are widely used in various contexts. In sports, they are essential for timing events and comparing performances. In the business world, they are crucial for schedulingmeetings and managing time effectively. In scientificresearch, they are fundamental for precise measurements and data analysis.Moreover, these abbreviations are often combined to form more comprehensive time notations. For example, "10:30 am" can be abbreviated as "10h30", and "3 minutes and 45 seconds" can be shortened to "3m 45s". These combined abbreviations allow for efficient and concise time representation in various applications.In conclusion, the abbreviations for hours, minutes, and seconds are essential tools for concise and efficient time representation. They have a rich history and etymological background, tracing their origins to Latin language roots. From sports to science to daily life, these abbreviations play a crucial role in our understanding and management of time. By familiarizing yourself with these abbreviations, you can enhance your communication skills, improve time management, and excel in various timing-related activities.。
初中生英语作文《描述一次科学实验》
初中生英语作文《描述一次科学实验》Title: A Scientific ExperimentRecently, our class conducted a fascinating scientific experiment.It was an exciting experience that not only increased our knowledge but also developed our practical skills.The experiment was about the process of plant photosynthesis.Our teacher explained that photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.T o understand this process better, we decided to conduct an experiment using a potted plant, a transparent container, and some water.First, we carefully filled the transparent container with water and placed it over the potted plant.Then, we sealed the container, making sure that no air could escape.After that, we placed the container near a window, allowing the plant to receive sunlight.Over the next few days, we observed the container closely.We noticed that as the plant received sunlight, it released oxygen into the water.This process was indicated by the formation of bubbles at the plant's roots.The more sunlight the plant received, the more bubbles formed.After a week, we opened the container and observed the water.To our surprise, we saw that the water had turned green.This indicated that the plant had released its nutrients into the water, which were thenabsorbed by the water molecules.Through this experiment, we learned that plants play a vital role in our environment.They produce oxygen, which is essential for our survival.Additionally, we understood that photosynthesis is a complex process that requires sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.Overall, this scientific experiment was a great success.It not only enhanced our understanding of plant photosynthesis but also encouraged us to explore the world of science further.We realized the importance of practical experiments in complementing our theoretical knowledge.It was a memorable experience that left a lasting impact on all of us.。
Thermoline Scientific 实验室暖锅说明书
Thermoline Scientific Equipment Pty. Ltd. T/A Thermoline Scientific ABN 80 000 859 12910-12 Ross Place. Wetherill Park. N.S.W. 2164. Australia.P.O. Box 6862, Wetherill Park Delivery Centre, N.S.W. 1851. Australia.Phone: (02) 9604 3911. International: 61 2 9604 3911. Fax (02) 9725 1706. International: 61 2 9725 1706.Email: ********************.au Web: .auINTRODUCTION:Thank you for selecting this equipment from the large range of products manufactured in Australia by Thermoline Scientific.This manual covers the operation, cleaning, & maintenance instructions for this equipment. Incorrect operation or use can cause harm or damage to the equipment, therefore it is very important that you read, understand, and implement the instructions, to ensure reliable operation.Please keep this manual in a safe place for future reference.CONTENTSINTRODUCTION: 2UNPACKING: 2USE & FUNCTION: 23LOCATION & INSTALLATION:LOCATION.ELECTRICALSPECIFICATIONS.PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION: 3CONTROL PANEL: 4OPERATION: 4 & 5SENSOR CORRECTION: 5 & 6MAINTENANCE:6CARING FOR STAINLESS STEEL.TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.PRODUCT WARRANTY: 7 & 8UNPACKING:Remove the equipment from the packing material and check for damage. Notify the detail of any damage to your supplier or to Thermoline Scientific without delay.Retain the packing materials until the equipment has been thoroughly tested.Inventory:•Shelves: TI-150F/G = 3 shelves, TI-250F/G = 4 shelves, TI-350F & TI-500F = 5 shelves.•Operating Instructions.•Electrical mains cable.USE & FUNCTION:The Thermoline range of Premium Laboratory Incubators are designed and manufactured in Australia to provide a reliable controlled temperature environment .They are suitable for use in microbiology, immunology, culture departments, stability storage of veterinary samples, education, and many more. They provide an economical, temperature controlled environment with a temperature range up to 60ºC.Features:•Four sizes ranging from 150 litres to 500 litres, two with gravity convection and four with forced air circulation for more accurate temperature uniformity.•Stainless steel liners (easy clean surface & non corrosive).•Fibreglass insulation for efficiency.•Digital temperature control with over temperature alarm.•Electronically controlled heating element pads.•Monitoring port hole.•Removable chrome plate shelves.•Insulated solid door closing on a magnetic gasket.•Clear inner viewing door.LOCATION & INSTALLATION:LOCATION:Place the equipment in a well-ventilated area on a firm level surface, in a location that has a stable ambient temperature.Allow sufficient room for the door to open fully.1. These incubators are not suitable for use with flammable solvents! They are fittedwith components that may be a source of ignition.2. The incubators are not suitable for stacking!3. The range of equipment described here are not to be used in conjunction withlarge quantities of water. The introduction of water and the resultant vapour could result in premature component failure.ELECTRICAL:This cabinet is suitable for connection to a standard 240 volt, 50Hz, supply. A dedicated outlet should be used for the supply, do not use power boards or the like. A 3-pin moulded plug is fitted as standard to the mains lead. A removable power lead plugs into the IEC socket at the rear of the incubator.SPECIFICATIONS:Electrical: 240 volts, 50 HZ. TI-150G = 290 Watts. TI-150F = 310 Watts. TI-250G = 400 Watts. TI-250F = 420 Watts, TI-350F = 470 Watts, TI-500F = 570 Watts.Temperature Range: Ambient plus 5ºC to 60ºC.Temperature Control Accuracy: +/- 0.25ºCPRINCIPLE OF OPERATIONThe range of incubators is all suitable to be floor mounted. The TI-150G/F can also be bench mounted.The case is insulated to minimise heat loss. The outer door which is also insulated closes on a magnetic gasket.Each shelf position has a removable chrome plated open wire shelf.An inner clear door allows viewing of products for evaluation without unduly disturbing the conditions inside the incubator.Removable chrome plate open wire type shelves are supplied with extra shelf spacing.The desired operating temperature is set at the temperature controller. Heater pads are attached to the outside of the incubator walls to provide even temperature distribution. Air movement is either gravity convection for “G” models, or fan forced for “F” models.The temperature sensor provides an accurate measure of the temperature inside the incubator.CONTROL PANEL:Page button: Used to view calibration offset parameter.Scroll button: Not used by the operator.Side arrow: Used to move the cursor when changing temperature.Down arrow: Used to decrease parameter setting.Up arrow: Used to increase parameter setting.OPERATION:1. Locate the incubator as previously described in “Location”, plug the mains lead into theIEC socket at the back of the case and into the power supply. Turn on the power point.2. Turn on the main switch on the control panel. The switch is illuminated so you will knowwhen it is on. The temperature will go through a short warm up period where allsegments of the display will be on, before indicating the set temperature (SV) on thelower display and oven temperature (PV) on the top display.3. The Omron E5CC is a microprocessor based instrument that has been factoryconfigured for range, sensor type, and engineering parameters for optimum control.Limited access to the control parameters is available. The operator can alter thetemperature set point and has access to a parameter used for calibration purposes.4. TO CHANGE THE SET TEMPERATURE:•Use the button to move the cursor, the digit will flash indicating that it can be changed.•Use the or arrows to change the temperature. When the desired temperature is set leave for a few seconds and the digits will stop flashing toconfirm entry.5. OVER TEMP LIGHT: The temperature control has been configured with automatic overtemperature alarm. In case of a malfunction the alarm will turn off all forms of heating when the incubator temperature is more than 2ºC above the set temperature. In thisinstance the red “over temp” alarm light will be illuminated.6. DO NOT place any open water containers inside the incubator to increasehumidity levels. The interior of the incubator is not sealed and moisture maypenetrate the insulation layer which could lead to the heater pads failing.SENSOR CORRECTION:There are a number of factors that will affect the accuracy of the temperature displayed in relation to the actual temperature inside the incubator, these include the following: •Product load inside the incubator (product should be distributed evenly across each shelf with space left for air flow between items).•Control temperature (at higher temperatures the heat loss from the incubator will be greater).•Location of the sensor (the temperature sensor can never be placed in the centre of the incubator because it could be damage).Because of the above factors there may be an error between the temperature displayed and the temperature measured at the middle of the incubator. For this reason the Omron temperature control has a parameter that can be used to correct the temperature displayed. This sensor correction parameter is displayed as.In simple terms this parameter adds or subtracts a correction value to the displayed temperature to make it read the correct temperature. The calibration parameter can be accessed as follows:•Prior to any calibration of the temperature display ensure that the equipment used to measure the incubator temperature has a current certificate of calibration to a traceable source, and that you are confident that it is accurate.In the example above the incubator temperature displayed (PV) is 37ºC. If a certified reference instrument measured 36ºC we would need to correct the temperature by -1.0ºC (note that the sensor correction parameter is accurate to 1 decimal place).MAINTENANCEThe Thermoline Scientific incubators require no routine maintenance other than normal levels of cleanliness.The external surface powder coated steel and the inner surface and door stainless steel may be wiped clean using a damp, soft cloth.CARING FOR STAINLESS STEELStainless steel is under most conditions extremely resistant to corrosion. This is in part due to the addition of chromium and nickel to the steel and the formation of a durable chromium oxide at the surface during the manufacturing process. There are several chemicals which will attack the surface of stainless steel, plus the lack of oxygen at the surface will cause rusting, corrosion and pitting. Note: Deionised water is particularly corrosive, to minimise, maintain a Neutral pH (7-9).Always have in place a program of regular cleaning using a soft damp cloth with a mild solution of soap and water and allow to dry.TECHNICAL ASSISTANCEIf you require additional operational or technical information regarding this equipment please contact: Thermoline ScientificCustomer Service DivisionTelephone: 61 2 9604 3911Facsimile: 61 2 9725 1706Email:*************************.auWARRANTY:Have the following information available when you contact the service department: •Model number and serial number. This is generally found on the exterior of the cabinet in the form of a stick-on label.SERIAL NO:•The company name, address, contact name, contact phone number.• A brief description of the problem.All warranty claims must be reported to, and agreed to by a Thermoline representative prior to any work being carried out.Retransmission Signal Connection (Optional): A socket is located on the side of the cabinet for connection to an outside monitoring system, which is able to accept the 4-20mA signals, representing 0.0 to 100.0°C and 0 to 100% RH. Maximum load to be applied to the analogue output is 500 ohms.Pin connections for retransmission socket:Standard 12 month WarrantyThermoline Scientific Equipment Pty Ltd ABN 80 000 859 129 (“Thermoline”)Thermoline warrants to the original purchaser that this product will perform to its product specification for a period of 12 months from date of purchase, provided that the installation of the product has been carried out in accordance with the latest version of the manufacturer's instructions and further provided that the use of the product complies with that specified in the relevant specification. Thermoline is not responsible for any loss or damage arising from incorrect usage, usage outside the suitability of the product as stipulated in the manufacturer's instruction, damage caused by accident, fire, flood, act of God or failure to properly install, operateor maintain the goods in accordance with the printed instructions provided.The following statement applies only to product sales that fall within the definition of a Consumer Sale set out in the Australian Consumer Law contained within the Competition and Consumer Act (Cth) 2012:‘Our goods come with guarantees that cannot be excluded under the Australian Consumer Law. You are entitled to a replacement or refund for a major failure and for compensation for any other reasonably foreseeable loss or damage. You are also entitled to have the goods repaired or replaced if the goods fail to be of acceptable quality and the failure does not amount to a major failure.’ Notwithstanding the preceding clause and to the extent permissible by law, the liability of Thermoline is limited, in relation to the warranted product and at the option of Thermoline to:•replacing the product or the supply of equivalent product;•the repair of the product;•the payment of the cost of replacing the product or of acquiring equivalent product; or•the payment of the cost of having the product repaired.To the extent permitted by law, all other warranties whether implied or otherwise, not set out in this Warranty are excluded and Thermoline is not liable in contract, tort (including, without limitation, negligence or breach of statutory duty) or otherwise to compensate the Purchaser for:•any increased costs or expenses;•calibration/certification services;•any loss of profit, revenue, business, contracts or anticipated savings;•any loss or expense resulting from a claim by a third party; or•any special, indirect or consequential loss or damage of any nature whatsoever caused by Thermoline’s failure in complying with its obligations or the purchaser’s failure due to accident damage, impact, misuse or negligence.The benefits given to the purchaser in this Warranty are in addition to other rights and remedies under a law in relation to the products or services to which this warranty applies.This warranty applies only to products purchased and installed in Australia and does not cover any consumable items e.g. filters, light globes, ultrasonic nebulizers. The warranty does not extend to labour and freight costs where the warranted product is located outside Australia.To make a warranty claim,*****************************************************.au.。
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1Lots or Little Sleep Linked to Sick DaysShakespeare called sleep the chief nourisher in life’s feast. But today we know it’s so much more. Insufficient sleep contributes to the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. And now a study finds that too little or too much sleep are both associated with a significant increase in sick days away from work.Almost 4,000 men and women between 30 and 64 years old (in Finland) participated in the study, which followed them for seven years. The research revealed that the absence from work due to illness increased dramatically for those who said they slept less than six hours or more than nine hours per night. The sleep time that was associated with the lowest number of sick days was seven hours 38 minutes for women and seven hours 46 minutes for men. The study is in the journal Sleep. [Tea Lallukka, Sleep and Sickness Absence: A Nationally Representative Register-Based Follow-Up Study]Of course these findings are associative and not necessarily causal. Other factors may be responsible for the under- or oversleeping to begin with. But sleep patterns are still a warning sign for increased illness and health complications. Shakespeare put it best: Sleep…that knits up the ravell’d sleave of care.2Bike Helmet Meets Black BoxBike helmets of the future will do more than just protect your noggin in a crash. They’ll also check whether you could have a concussion, call for help and act as a black box for accident investigators.At least that’s what they’ll do if the prototype smart helmet that Intel and Oregon State University are working on ever hits the road.Oregon State undergrads and Intel interns designed a helmet that uses an gyroscope and two accelerometers to determine if a cyclist might have been in a crash. It also has an embedded magnetometer, speakers, Bluetooth and a microphone for hands-free communication. And there’s a headlamp to help you avoid accidents in the first place.Intel is known as a chipmaker, but it also dabbles in experimental gadgets. Well before smartphones and tablets ruled the world, the company showed me a laptop with a mini window on the outside cover that let you check e-mail. More recently, they've been working with an M.I.T. spinoff to develop wireless mobile device chargers.This latest effort could be the most important of all in terms of impact. Or dealing with the same.3Most Tibetans Genetically Adapted To The High LifeWhen you hear the word “mutation,” you may think of something destructive, or of Marvel’s X-Men. But some mutations—which are just differences in DNA—can be historic. Take, for example, a genetic sequence found in the vast majority of people from Tibet.Millions of Tibetans spend their days at average elevations of nearly 15,000 feet—that’s more than half the height of Mount Everest. Up there, the air is thin—with 40 percent less oxygen than at sea level. That lack of O2 would leave most Westerners struggling for breath, but Tibetans seem to breathe easy.To find out how these highlanders cope, researchers compared the DNA of 90 Tibetans to that of people who are not altitude adapted. And they discovered a single change that prevents Tibetans’ blood from becomingdangerously clogged with red blood cells—a response that can be deadly for non-native mountaineers. The finding is described in the journal Nature Genetics. [Felipe R Lorenzo et al.: A genetic mechanism for Tibetan high-altitude adaptation]This mutation appears to have originated just 8,000 years ago. But it’s so advantageous that today nearly 90 percent of Tibetans have it. While it’s virtually absent in even closely related lowland neighbors.The finding demonstrates that a really useful mutation will always rise to the top.4Pump Up the Bass—and Maybe Your ConfidenceWe all have those confidence-surging songs we listen to before a big event.Now researchers say that the lyrics are not necessarily what make us feel dominant—it’s the booming bass. That’s according to a study in the journal Social Psychology and Personality Science. [Dennis Y. Hsu et al, The Music of Power: Perceptual and Behavioral Consequences of Powerful Music]Certain types of music, such as heavy metal and hip-hop, make people feel powerful and aggressive. To find out why, researchers had people listen to dozens of songs. Then they asked how powerful the participants felt while listening. Topping the list for imbuing a sense of strength: Queen’s anthem "We Will Rock You."At the bottom? Baha Men’s questioning "Who Let the Dogs Out?".The researchers then had subjects listen to the songs and do some tests. In one, the volunteers were told they could win money if they predicted the outcome of a die roll, either by a third-party or themselves. Even thoughthe outcome would be random in either case, those who had listened to bass-heavy music were more likely to want to be the one to roll the die.In other tests, participants listening to bass-heavy music picked more powerful words when doing word exercises and were more likely to want to go first in debates. So, if you want a power boost , try just pumping up the bass.5Talking to Strangers Makes You HappyConsider the times you've hopped on a subway, boarded a plane or entered a waiting room. Chances are, you probably avoided engaging with any fellow commuters or patients. But contrary to what we might think, we'd be happier if we did strike up a conversation with a total stranger.In a study, commuters in Chicago were asked to either talk with a stranger on a train, or sit quietly alone, or just do whatever they'd normally do on their commute. Then, they responded to a survey about how they felt.Turns out those who engaged with strangers had the most pleasurable experience and those who remained solitary had the least enjoyable experience. These answers were compared with another group that did not participate but instead had to predict how they might feel in each situation. This group thought talking with strangers would be the leastenjoyable, by far. The study is the journal of Experimental Psychology. [Nicholas Epley & Juliana Schroeder: Mistakenly Seeking Solitude]So despite being social animals and enjoying social engagement, we avoid chatting with strangers. Why? Well, according to a follow up study it's because we think, wrongly, that strangers don't want to talk with us. The one way to get over this is to practice reaching out – who knows, commuting could become more enjoyable.6Narcissists Self-Involved Enough to Recognize TheirHere’s an easy way to find out if someone is a narcissist. Just ask them. That’s according to a study in the journal PLoS One. [Sara Konrath et al: Development and Validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS)]Researchers posed the following question to more than two thousand people: “To what extent do you agree with this statement: I am a narcissist.”The researchers also provided participants with a definition of narcissist: egotistical, self-focused and vain. Not traits most people would want to be associated with—unless of course you’re a narcissist.A small percentage of the study subjects said they were. Most said they were not.Then, researchers had the volunteers fill out a lengthy narcissism clinical assessment. Those who had rated themselves high on the narcissism scale also scored high on the assessment.After eleven rounds of tests, the researchers concluded that when the full 40-question clinical questionnaire could not be done, the Single Item Narcissism Scale, or SINS, “To what extent do you agree with this statement: I am a narcissist,” was a valuable tool.Seems that there isn’t much mystery when narcissists themselves a re asked to self-identify. Yes, they may be narcissists—but they aren’t clueless.—Erika Beras7Can’t Take My Eyes off You—Your Face, That IsWhen it comes to first impressions of a potential new love, the eyes may indeed be the window to the soul—because the direction of your gaze when looking at this person offers an unconscious, automatic giveaway of whether your initial reaction is romance or sex. That’s according to a study in the journal Psychological Science. [Mylene Bolmont et al: Love Is in the Gaze: An Eye-Tracking Study of Love and Sexual Desire] Heterosexual subjects looked at photographs on a computer of fully clothed, attractive strangers of the opposite sex. For each photo, they hadto decide as quickly as possible if they experienced feelings of either sexual lust or romantic love.The researchers found no significant difference in the time it took subjects to make their decision. But eye-tracking data uncovered a big difference in where the subject looked. If one of the volunteers felt lust for the individual in the photograph, they tended to look at the eyes first, then fixated on the body. While those who felt romantic love, were more likely to keep their attention only on the eyes and face.The researchers say that “identification of disti nct visual patterns for love and lust could have theoretical and clinical importance in couples therapy.” Especially if one of them is looking out the window at strangers.。