英语中的比较级与最高级 详解

比较级与最高级

1.as...as 与(not) as(so)...as

as...as...句型中，as的词性

第一个as是副词，用在形容词和副词的原级前，常译为“同样地”。第二个as是连词，连接与前面句子结构相同的一个句子(相同部分常省略)，可译为“同.....

He is as tall as his brother is (tall) . (后面的as 为连词)

只有在否定句中，第一个as才可换为so

改错: He is so tall as his brother.（X）

2.在比较状语从句中，主句和从句的句式结构一般是相同的

与as...as 句式中第二个as一样，than 也是连词。as和than这两个连词后面的从句的结构与前面的句子大部分情况下结构是相同的，相同部分可以省略。

He picked more apples than she did.

完整的表达为:

He picked more apples than she picked apples.

后而的picked apples和前面相同，用did 替代。

He walked as slowly as she did.完整表达为:

He walked as slowly as she walked slowly.

she后面walked slowly与前面相同，用did替代。

3.谓语的替代

在as和than 引导的比较状语从句中，由于句式同前面

主句相同，为避免重复，常把主句中出现而从句中又出现的动词用do的适当形式来代替。

John speaks German as fluently as Mary does.

4.前后的比较对象应一致

不管后面连词是than 还是as,前后的比较对象应一致。The weather of Beijing is colder than Guangzhou. x than前面比较对象是“天气”，than 后面比较对象是“广州”，不能相比较。应改为:

The weather of Bejing is colder than that of Guangzhou.

再如: His handwriting is as good as me.

应改为: His handwriting is as good as mine.

5.可以修饰比较级的词

常用来修饰比较级的词或短语有:

Much,even,far,a little,a lot,a bit,by

far,rather,any,still,a great deal等。

by far的用法:

用于强调，意为“...得多”“最最...”“显然”等，可修饰形容词或副词的比较级和最高级，通常置于其后，但是若比较级或最高级前有冠词，则可置于其前或其后。

It's quicker by far to go by train.

She ran fastest by far.

He's by far the cleverer student,

He is by far the best teacher,

=He is the best teacher by far.

6. more、 much与比较级

more放在多音节形容词和副词前构成比较级，如:more interesting, more exciting. Much 修饰比较级。

如:much more interesting, much taller.而像much more taller/more taller是错误的。

7.比较级的否定形式表示最高级的意思

有时比较级用于否定句时，可以表达最高级的意思。

Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone

in the class has a higher IQ.

8. not +比较级与no +比较级

no和比较级连用时，常表示它所修饰形容词或副词的相反的意思。

He is no taller than him.

他比他高不到哪儿去。( 他和他一样矮)

My English is no better than yours.

我的英语比你的好不到哪儿去。(一样差)

9.less 也可构成比较级（劣等比较）

She is less rich than her younger sister.

10.暗中比较与不用比较级

改错: Our world is getting small and small.

改为Our world is getting smaller and smaller.

在这里，是指比原来更小，所以用比较级。

改错: A: I'm sorry I'm late.

B: That's OK. But come early next time.

11.在比较级中用to而不用than的几个词

某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than.这些词有inferior (劣等的，次的)、superior (较好的，优....... 、junior (资历较浅的)、senior (资格较老的)、prior ( ...之前)等。

He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.

12.the+比较级(两者时)

表达“两者中较....那一个”常用the+比较级。常用于下列语境中:

The taller boy is my brother.

He is the taller of the two boys.

13.同类异质比较:He is more hard-working than clever.

“与其说，不如说”