学而思新概念语法整理
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语法一:
句型转化(Be动词做谓语)
肯定句:主语+be动词
否定句:主语+be动词+not
一般疑问句:be动词+主语?
特殊疑问句:
What colour is…?It’s red.
What nationality are you? I’m Chinese.
Where are you from? I’m from China.
Where do you come from? I come from China.
Whose bag is it? It’s my bag.
What’s your job?I’m a mechanic.
What’s the weather like?It’s sunny/rainy/snowy/cloudy.
What’s the climate like? It’s pleasant/warm/wet/dry.
语法二:
一、不可数名词
定义:“抽刀断水水更流”(难以分开的一个整体,不可分割的事物)。
特点:
1、前面无a/an,后无s;
2、表达复数用量词修饰,量词可数;
Eg. Milk-a bottle of milk-two bottles ofmilk
Soap-abar of soap-three bars of soap
二、some和any用法
相同点:表示一些,后面都可加可数名词复数或不可数名词
不同点:some常用在肯定句,但是在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any;
any用在否定句和疑问句。
三、指代用法
One指代可数名词单数
Ones指代可数名词复数
Any可指代可数名词复数或不可数名词
四、句型
1、Do you like…?
Yes, I do.
Yes, I do. But I don’t want…
No, I don’t.
2、Do you want…?
Yes, please.
No,thank you / thanks. I don’t like… .
语法三
一、介词
in 在….里
on 在….上
under 在….下面
beside 在….旁边
between 在两者中间
among 三者或以上中间
over 在….上(无接触面的垂直上方;从一端到另一端)
above 在….上(无接触面的上方,不一定垂直)
across 横穿、穿过(强调从表面越过)
through 穿过(强调从中间穿过)
along 沿着
二、There be句型与have got句型
1.There be句型:
定义:某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物)。
句型结构:肯定句:There is+ 单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点
There are+复数可数名词+地点
否定句(be动词后加not):
There is not+单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点
There are not+复数可数名词+地点
疑问句(be动词提前):
Is there +单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点?
Are there +复数可数名词+地点?
特点:“就近原则"
2.have got句型:
定义:它表示某物归某人(某物)所有,是一种所属关系。
句型结构:否定句:在have或has后加not,缩写为haven’t或hasn’t.
疑问句:把have或has提前
特点:主语为第三人称单数时,have要变成has。
语法三:《小升初小练兵》
1.There is a bridge _______ the river.
A. over
B. on
C. above
D. below
2.They spent about ten days to go _______the big desert(沙漠).
A.across
B. through
C. over
D. along
3.用there be或have got填空:
1) I ________ a good father and a good mother.
2) ________ any books in the bookcase?
3) ________ a picture and a clock on the wall.
4) She ________ some dresses.
5) What does Mike ________?
语法四一般现在时
一般现在时用法
(1)表示经常性,习惯性,永久性的动作。
often 经常,usually通常,always 总是,everyday每天,sometimes 有时(2)表示事物的状态或特征
There is a scar on his forehead.
(3)表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.
注:只有在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单变化”,其他用动词的原形。
动词变为第三人称单数形式的变化规则:
1.多数在动词后+s
(1)直接在动词词尾加-s.
play — plays like — likes stay---stays
ask---asks work---works get---gets
(2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es.
watch---watches wish---wishes fix---fixes do---does
go---goes pass---passes
(3)以“辅音字母加- y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es.
try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies
2.不规则变化:
be---- is have----has
一般现在时的句子转换:
陈述句(肯定句):主语加动词原形/动词第三人称单数;
( 主语+ do/does...)
一般疑问句:在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does(单数she, he, it)变成问句;
(Do/Does + 主语+ 动词原形...)
否定句:在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I, you,以及复数), doesn’t(单数she, he, it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。
(主语+ don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形...)
例:
肯定句: I like grapes.
否定句: I don’t like grapes.
一般疑问句: Do you like grapes?
肯定句:She gets up early every morning.
否定句→She doesn’t get up early every morning.
一般疑问句→Does she get up early every morning?
语法五现在进行时态
一、现在进行时态的含义
表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
二、现在进行时各种句式的结构
肯定句:主语+ am/is/are + V.ing
E.g. We are having a class.
He is painting.
She is playing.
否定句:主语+ am/is/are + V.ing
E.g. We are not having a class.
He is not painting.
She is not playing.
疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语+ V.ing
E.g. Are you having a class?
Is he painting?
Is she playing?
三、动词变化规则
(1)“直”:一般情况下,直接加ing,
如:do-doing,cook-cooking,stand-standing
(2)“去”:以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,
如:come-coming,dance-dancing
(3)“双”:重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ing,
如:run-running, stop-stopping
swim-swimming, forget-forgetting
双写规则:1、重读在词尾;
2、闭音节(短音节);
3、单辅音字母
(在一般情况下,如果某一单词是以一个辅音字母结尾,而这个辅音的前面是读长元音或双元音,就不能双写这个辅音字母。
如read-reading, think-thinking等。
)
(4)“改”:改ie为y,加ing
如:die-dying lie-lying
语法五小升初小练笔
一、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play______ run______ swim________ make_______ go________ like________
write______ ski_______ read________ have_______ sing_______ dance_______
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen !Some girls __________( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother ____________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look !They _____________( have) an English lesson .
三、句型转换:
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
①_______________________________________________
②_______________________________________________
2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)
①_______________________________________________
②_ ___________________________________
③_____________________________
语法六:一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last year, yesterday等;
也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作,常和often, always等频率副词连用。
注意:发生在过去时间的动作,并已经结束。
↗ am/is--was
一、be 动词
↘ are—were
1、句式结构:
肯定句:主语+ was/were + …
We were very tired yesterday. 我们昨天很累。
否定句:主语+ wasn’t/weren’t + …
I wasn’t at home yesterday.我昨天不在家。
一般疑问句:--Was/were + 主语+…?
--Yes,主语+ was/were.
--No, 主语+ wasn’t/weren’t.
二、行为动词
1、句子构成。
肯定句:主语+ 动词的过去式+...
I went to the zoo yesterday. 我昨天去公园了。
否定句:主语+ did not (didn't) + 动词原形+ ...
I didn't go to school yesterday. 我昨天没去上学。
一般疑问句:-Did + 主语+动词原形+...?
-Yes, 主语+ did.
-No, 主语+ did not(didn't)
-Did you buy a book last Monday?
-Yes, I did.
-No, I didn't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+ did + 主语+ 动词原形+ ...?
1) -What did you do last night?
-I did my homework.
2) -When did you go to the zoo?
-I went to the zoo yesterday.
2、动词过去式变形:
1)“直”一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。
如:look-looked; work-worked; play-played
2)“去”以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ed。
如:live-lived; move-moved
3)“双”末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。
如:stop-stopped; drop-dropped
4)“改”末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,然后再加-ed。
如:study-studied; carry-carried
5)“特“不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。
am/is–was are—were have/has—had
do/does—did can—could will—would
shall—should swim—swam sing—sang
ring—rang sit—sat come—came
give—gave run—ran drink—drank
become—became begin—began buy—bought
bring—brought catch—caught think—thought
teach—taught send—sent build—built
go—went spend—spent lose—lost
lend—lent mean—menat sweep—swept
feel—felt learn—learnt/learned smell—smelt
sleep—slept put—put cut—cut
hit—hit read—read hurt—hurt
let—let beat—beat cost—cost
write—wrote ride—rode rise—rose
win—won drive—drove speak—spoke
get—got forget—forgot choose—chose
sell—sold wake—woke break—broke
语法六小升初练习题
一、请用正确动词形式填空。
1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________.
3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?
He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.
4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.
5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.
二、改写句子:
1、Lucy did her homework at home.(改否定句)
Lucy ___________ ___________ her homework at home.
2、He found some meat in the fridge(冰箱).(变一般疑问句)
___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?
3、She stayed there for a week.(对划线部分提问)
__________ ___________ __________ she __________ there?
4、There was some orange in the cup.(变一般疑问句)
_________ there ___________ orange in the cup?
语法七一般将来时
1.will
含义:将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。
肯定句:主语+ will + 动词原形
It will rain.
否定句:主语+ will not (won't) + 动词原形
He won't be late for school.
一般疑问句:Will + 主语+ 动词原形?
-Will it snow in GZ?
-Yes, it will.
-No, it will not (won't).
2. be going to
含义:近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事,意为“打算,将要做某事"。
肯定句:主语+ be going to + 动词原形
I am going to travel.
He/She is going to travel.
We/They/You are going to travel.
否定句:主语+ be not going to + 动词原形
I am not going to travel.
He/She is not going to travel.
We/They/You are not going to travel.
一般疑问句:Be + 主语+ going to + 动词原形?
Are you going to travel?
Is he/she going to travel?
Are we/they/you going to travel?
3、时间标志词
tomorrow; tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening;
next year/week/month/hour ;
this afternoon/Sunday/evening ;
in the future;
in + 一段时间
时态小口诀:
英语动作有四种:经常做,正在做,将要做和过去做。
经常做用动原或三单,
遇到他她它单个做改三单;
要借do或does变问否,
后面动词用原型。
正在做用be+动词ing ,
两个朋友不分离,
be 用am,is ,are来代替。
将要做有两种:
用will(shall)加动原或be going to 加动原。
过去做,很简单,
对照经常做动词变成过去式,
要借did变问否,
后面动词用原型.
语法八:(请您记住以下新概念英语一册1-144课的所固定搭配短语)I beg your pardon 请您在重复(说)一遍
Nice to meet you(too)(我也)很高兴见到你
Look at…看…
How do you do 你好
Be careful 小心
A loaf of bread 一块面包
A bar of soap/chocolate 一块香皂/巧克力
A bottle of 一瓶...
A pound of 一磅...
Half a pound of 半磅...
A quarter of 四分之一...
A tin of 一听...
Hurry up!快点!
Next door 隔壁
Black coffee 不加牛奶的咖啡
White coffee 加牛奶的咖啡
Come home from school 放学回家
Come home from work 下班回家
In the morning 早上
In the afternoon 下午
In the evening 晚上
At noon 中午
At night 夜里
At the moment 此刻
What’s the time?几点钟?
Come upstairs 上楼
Come downstairs 下楼
Hundreds of…数以百计的…
On the way home 在回家的途中
This morning 今天早晨
This afternoon 今天下午
This evening 今天晚上
tonight 今天夜里
Yesterday morning 昨天早晨
Yesterday afternoon 昨天下午
Yesterday evening 昨天晚上
Last night 昨天夜里
The day before yesterday in the morning 前天早晨
The day before yesterday in the afternoon 前天下午
The day before yesterday in the evening 前天晚上
The night before last 前天夜间
A low mark 分数很底
A high mark 分数很高
She said to herself 她心中暗想
The way to…到…的走法
In fashion 流行的,时髦的
I’m afraid…我恐怕…
I’m sure…我确信,我肯定…
A lot of 许多(用于肯定句)
At all 丝毫、更本、一点也不Going on holiday 度假
Have been to…到过…
All the time 一直,始终
Have been to…到过…
Drive into…撞倒…
For sale 供出售、出售
Have the last word 最后决定、最后才算
The R.A.F. 英国皇家空军
Return ticket 往返票
Next door to…与…相邻,在…隔壁
In five hours’time在五小时之后。
Go back 返回
The othe day 几天前
Fell downstairs 从楼上摔下来
The Y.H.A. 青年招待所协会
Cheer up 振作起来
Full of…充满了…
Would you like…?你愿意…?
Could you…?你能…?(比Can you…?更婉转客气)Buy…on instalments以分期付款的方式购买…
Small change 零钱
Go back to sleep 继续睡觉
To take…with…把…带上(with后跟人称宾格)Have to 不得不(过去式Had to)
By myself 我自己
By yourself 你自己
By himself 他自己
By herself 她自己
By itself 它自己
By ourselves 我们自己
By yourselves 你们自己
By themselves 他/她/它们自己
By oneself 独自的
Not that long ago 没那么久
At…(以…的方式进行、做某事)
He can’t be…他不可能…
He must be 他肯定是…
He can’t have been…他那时不可能…
He must have benn…他那时肯定是…
Don’t be so sure别那么肯定
He may…他可能…
He might…他可能…(没有He mi ght…的程度强)Make up…minds打定主意(up后跟人称宾格)Look after 照看
In the end 最后
In the first instance 首先,起初
He may be…他可能是…
He may have been…他可能己经…
I’m ot sure我不敢肯定
I wonder why 我想知道为什么
A long time (ago) 很早(前)
Get married 结婚
Depend on…依靠,取决于…
I’m late for…我因为…而迟到
By the way 顺便(问,说)
I’m dressed in…我穿戴着…
Make up her face 往她的脸上施脂粉
Make myselft beautiful 把自己打扮漂亮
Was covered with…覆盖着…
I went for…(…表明目的)
Pice of paper 纸片
Cigarette ends 烟头
Take out 拿出
Put away 放到一边
Hundreds of…成百上千的…
Round the world 周游世界
季节、月份、星期
Spring 春节
Summer 夏天
Autumn 秋天
Winter 冬天
January 一月
February 二月
March 三月
April 四月
May 五月
June 六月
July 七月
August 八月
September 九月
October 十月
November 十一月
December 十二月
Monday 星期一
Tuesday 星期二
Wednesday 星期三
Tursday 星期四
Friday 星期五
Saturday 星期六
Sunday 星期日
Weekend 周未
语法九
一.情态动词
定义:在句子中通常用来表示“能力”、“请求或许可”‘’必须‘’、‘’可能‘’等表示情感或态度的动词
情态动词can:
含义(一):表能力,意为“能、会”
Can you speak French?
Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
含义(二):表请求或许可,意为“可以”
Can you open the window?
注意:can 一般上级对下级或长辈对晚辈,对长辈上级用could
结构:can+动词原形
情态动词must:
含义:表义务,意为“必须”
You must finish the work today.
Must I finish the work today?
Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t.
注意:1. must 表示必须时,否定式为needn’t;
2. mustn’t表示“禁止、不准”
We mustn’t play football on the road.
结构:must+动词原形
拓展:
1、have to不得不,必须(客观);
must 必须,一定(主观);
have to (第三人称单数用has to)+ 动词原形;
My mother is not at home, so I have to eat outside.
2、May 比can 更委婉的请求
May I come in? Yes, you may. / No, you can’t.
二.可数/不可数名词修饰词
1、a lot of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词(表示许多,多用于肯定句)
2、many+可数名词复数 eg. many books
much+不可数名词 eg. much chocolate
3、some 与any
相同点:+ 可数名词复数/不可数名词
不同点:some多用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句,
some还可表示委婉的请求,希望征得肯定的回答。
Would you like some tea? / Could you give me some water, please?
Yes, please. / No, thank you.
语法九小升初小练笔
一、说明下列句中情态动词的含义。
(A.能力; B.许可; C.猜测)。
( ) l. “You must write more neatly,” said the teacher.
( ) 2. He’s not in the office.He must have gone to the meeting.
( ) 3. Visitors mustn’t move and touch the exhibits.
( ) 4. The girl can play the violin very well.
( ) 5. Can I smoke here?
二、完成对话,每空一词.
A: Lily, would you like something to drink?
B: Yes, I’m thirsty now.
A: What __ __ __ ?
B: I’d _____ a cup of tea, please.
A: Would you like ___ ____ ____?
B: No, thank you. I’m not hungry. ___ ___you? Do you want something to eat? A: Yes, I’m hungry now. I’d like some cakes.
C: How ____ cakes would you like?
A: Four cakes, please. And a bottle of apple juice.
C: Anything else?
A: No, that’s all.
C: Here you are.
语法十现在完成时
请认真读背以下句子,感受其句意!
Have you been to the cinema?
I've already (已经)seen it. I saw it last year.
I've never(从不)been there. Have you ever(曾经)been there?
Have your mechanics finished yet(已经)?
Have you met Mrs. Jones yet? Yes,I have.
When did you meet her? I met her two weeks ago.
现在完成时含义:
1)表示过去发生在过去,并且已经结束,强调对现在造成的影响。
She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书.(表示到目前为止还没有找到)
2)表示动作发生于过去,持续到了现在
I have lived in Beijing for three years. (强调live in Guangzhou这个动作从过去开始持续到了现在)
现在完成时结构:
(一)肯定式
主语+助动词have /has +过去分词+其它
I've just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有的生词。
(表示不要再抄了)
(二)否定式
主语+助动词have /has+not+过去分词+其它
I haven't finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。
(三)一般疑问式
助动词Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它?
Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗?
Yes ,I have .是的,我做过。
现在完成时标志词:
already ,yet , since , so far(到目前为止) ,up to now(到目前为止)
in the past /last years在过去的几年中
it is the first/second....time: It is my first time I have been here.
一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去,那么这两种时态有什么区别呢?
①一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如:yesterday连用;强调动作在过去发生,与现在无关。
②现在完成时与自已的特征词连用,强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。
He saw the film last night. (过去时,表示他昨晚看过那部电影了,现在不知还要不要再看一次)
He has (ever) seen the film before.(现在\完成时,表时他已看过那部电影,现在不想再看了)语法十小升初小练笔
( )1.—Who is Mary ?
—____?I saw you talking with her at the meeting .
A.Don't you meet her yet B.Didn't you met her yet
C.Haven't you met her yet D.Hadn't you met her yet
( )2.—How do you like Beijing ,Mr Black?
—Oh ,I ____ such a beautiful city .
A.don't visit B.didn't visit
C.haven't visited D.hadn't visited
( )3.The old people ____ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week.A.don't feel B.hasn't felt
C.haven't felt D.didn’t feel
( ) 4.We have lived here ____ five years ago.
A.when B.since C.before D.after
1、He has already finished his homework.(改为否定句)
He _______ finished his homework ________.
2.They have found the lost books already.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
______ they _______ the lost books _______?No,they________.3.Julia has not got home from school yet.(改为肯定句)
Julia ______ _______ ________ home from school .
语法十一
1.have 与have got 的用法
相同点:均表示“有”
不同点:have既可在正式也可在非正式场合用,have got非正式场合
I have a bear. = I have got a bear.
注意否定改法差异:
have 否定形式don‘t have ,第三人称doesn't have
have got 否定形式,haven't got, 第三人称hasn't got
2. have 动词的多用法
你能举出什么例子呢?我们熟悉的有:
have breakfast, have lunch, have supper (这里have 指eat)
have water,have a bottle of coca, (这里have 指drink)
have a good time, have a trip, have a bath...
3.行为动词have用法
1)have 和have got 均指“有”
have/has eg. It has two eggs.
have got/ has got eg. It has got two eggs.
2)否定形式
don’t have/doesn’t have eg. It doesn’t have two eggs.
haven’t got/hasn’t got eg. It hasn’t got two eggs.
3)区别
have既可以用在正式也可以在非正式场合使用;
have got主要用于口语等非正式场合下
语法十一小升初小练笔
Story Time(用have/have got的正确形式填空,赶紧练习一下哦):Star ______ a pet, that is, Garfield. Garfield ______ many bad habbits.
He gets up very late and ______ a lot of meat every day. He______a large bed,
so he has to sleep on the floor every night. What about you? _______you ______ a lovely pet? 语法十二直接引语与间接引语
1、直接引语:直接引用他人的原话
He says, “I have just arrived in Scotland.”
2、间接引语:间接转述他人的原话
He says that he has just arrived in Scotland.
3、直接引用变成间接引语
A.变符号:把逗号和引号变成that
B.变人称:一主二宾三不变
(第一人称和主句主语对应,第二人称和主句宾语对应,第三人称不用变)
C.变时态:
主现从随便(主句是一般现在时,从句随着间接引用可以为任意时态)
e.g. I think that you were right.
主过从也过(主句是一般过去时,从句需要变成过去的相应时态)
e.g. He said that he is right. (X)He said that he was right.
真理永一现(如果从句描述的是真理,真理永远用一般现在时)
e.g. He said that the light travels faster than the sound.
语法十三:词法
一.动词:(表示动作或状态等。
)
1.记住以下常见系动词
appear be become fall feel get
go grow keep look prove remain
rest run seem smell sound stay
taste rurn
2.记住以下常见助动词
be have do will sould shall should
3.记住以下常见情态动词
can could may might must ought
4.记住以下常见半情态动词
need dare be able to have(got)to had better(best) used to
二. 冠词(用在名词前帮助说明其词义)
三. 名词(表示人或事物的名称)
四.代词(用来代替名词或数词等,包含反身代词)
五.形容词(用来修饰名词或代词)
六.副词(用来修饰动词、形容词、或副词)
七.介词(用在名词、代词等前面,表示与别的词的关系)
八.数词(表示数目或顺序)
九.连词(用来加接词与词或句与句)
十.感叹词(表示说话时的感情或口气)
语法十四词法规则
一、可数名词的复数规则变化
1、一般情况下未尾加“s”。
2、以x,ss,sh,ch,x结尾的名词加“es”。
3、以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的词加“s”。
4、以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变“y”为“i”在加“es”。
5、以元音字母+y结尾的词,直接加“s”。
6、以f,fe结尾的名词一般变“f”或“fe”为“v”在加“es"。
(以f或fe结尾的部分名词可直接加“s”)
7、以o结尾的名词一般加“s”。
(部分以辅音字母+o结尾的加“es”)
二、规则动词的过去式 . 过去分词变化 . 动词现在分词的变化
1、一般动词过去式在未尾加“ed”。
2、结尾是e的动词加“d”。
3、未尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加“ed”。
4、结尾是辅音字母+y的动词,先变“y”为“i”在加“ed”。
5、动词的现在分词一般情况下在原形后加“ing”。
6、如果以e结尾的动词则去“e”在加“ing”来构成现在分词。
7、如果动词只有一个元音字母,而后面跟了一个辅音字母时,则需双写辅音字母再加“ing”来构成动词的现在分词。
三、形容词与副词的比较级、最高级(比较级在未尾加“er”而最高级在未尾加“est”)它们都遵循着以下规则
1、一般情况下单音节的形容词或副词则在原形未尾加“er”。
2、如果以e结尾的形容词或副词则加“r”。
3、有些以y结尾的双音节词,如果y前面是一个辅音字母则变“y”为“i”在加“er”。
(如果是最高级则在形容词前加冠词“The”然后形容词或副词未尾加“est”,其它规则一样。
)
语法十五词法
词法一:副词的用法
一.修饰动词,放在动词的前面;
二.修饰形容词,放在形容词的前面:
1. too的用法
表示“太…..”修饰形容词
It’s too late.
too…to太……以至于不能
She is too busy to talk with me.
2.very的用法
表示“很”或“非常”
It’s very interesting.
3.enough的用法
enough+名词There are enough books.
形容词+enough This book is easy enough.
词法二:动词不定式(动词+to do)
1、肯定形式:
Want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth.让某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
2、否定形式
don’t/doesn’t want/ask/tell sb. to do=want/ask/tell sb not to do
语法十六形容词
1、形容词的比较级和最高级
规则变化
2 、形容词比较级和最高级的标志词
比较级:than 结构:A is 比较级than B
最高级:三者比较in/of 结构:A is the 最高级of/in B
3、常见结构
肯定结构:as…as,和……一样A is as tall as B
否定结构:not as/so……as和……不一样A is not tall as
more/less…than… e.g. more/less expensive than (比……更贵/便宜)语法十七不定代词
一.复合不定代词
定义:由some-, any-, no-, enery-加上-one, -body, -thing等组成的不定代词。
Everywhere 到处anywhere 任何地方
Somewhere 某处nowhere 无处
含义:由some-, any-, no-, every-加上-where,所组成的则是表示地点的副词。
三.复合不定代词、副词的用法:
1. 复合不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用三单形式。
Someone is looking for you. 有人在找你。
2. 复合不定代词置于形容词和不定式之前。
Nothing impossible 没有不可能的事
Something interesting 有趣的事情
Something to eat 吃的东西
四.So与neither引导的简短回答
以so或neither开头的简短回答句型:
结构:1. So/neither + be动词+主语
He is a dancer, so am I. 他是个舞蹈家,我也是。
2. so/neither +情态动词+主语
He can dance very well, so can I.
3.so/neither +助动词+主语
He doesn’t like singing, neither do I.
表示:我也是,我也会,我也不是(会)
区别:如果前一句是肯定的,后一句用so开头;
前一句是否定的,后一句用neither开头。
语法十八过去完成时
I arrived at the bus stop after the bus had left.
I arrived at my friends' home after they had finished lunch.
I arrived at my house after the thief had left.
1.含义:
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past )”。
----|--------------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------->
那时以前那时现在
2.构成
过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成,其中had 通用于各种人称
1) 肯定句:had +done
2) 否定句:had not +done
3) 疑问句:Had 主语done?
肯定回答:Yes,主语had. 否定回答: No, 主语+hadn’t
3.使用规则:
两个动作都发生在过去,有先后顺序, 先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的用一般过去时。
4.标志词:after, before, by, when
例句:After he arrived at the bus stop, the bus had left.
Before we arrived at the cinema, the film had begun.
The play had been finished by the end of last month.
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.
总结:by+过去时间点,when/before/after+过去动作
语法十九过去进行时
一、过去进行时的含义
表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内持续进行或发生的动作。
二、过去进行时的结构
1、肯定句:主语+was/were+doing
I was reading a book at this time last night.
2、否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing
They were not doing homework when Mum came back.
3、疑问句:Was/Were+主语+doing?
Was he singing at 7 o’clock the day before yesterday?
三、过去进行时的标志词
1、表示过去时间点:
at + 具体时刻+ 过去时间
e.g.:at seven yesterday/ at this time yesterday
2、表示过去某一时间段
all morning / the whole day
from 2 to 3 yesterday
语法二十一句法规则(新概念一册的一些零散的句法规则)
一、由“there”引起的句子:常见的结构为“there+be”结构。
“there”占主语位置,通常表示“有”这个意思。
例:There are some clouds in the sky.天空中有(飘着)一些云。
二、介词“in”根据时态来判断范围:介词“in”与过时间连用则表示在范围以内,如果介词与现在或将来时连用则表示范围以外。
例:1、I finished the work in two day.两天内我完成了工作。
2、I’ll finish the work in tow day.两天后我将完成我的工作。
三、as…as…或not as/so…as:形容词或副词的同级比较。
例:1、You are as tall as me.你和我一样高。
2、You are not so tall as me.你没有我高。
四、部份形容词前加冠词“the”表示属于某类。
例:1、The old老年人。
2、The rich有钱人。
3、The best最后的一类。
五、部份名词前加冠词“The”,词未尾在加“’s”表指某一个地方。
例:At the butcher’s.在肉店。
六、“too…to…”结构与“…enough…to…”:“太…而不能…”、“足够…而可以…”
例:1、She’s too young to go to school.她太小轻而不上学。
2、The questions were easy enough to answer.这些题够简单而可以回答。
(请注意用颜色所标的形容词在句中too与enough之间的位置)
语法二十二状语从句:
状语从句有很多,新概念一册所遇到的有时间状语从句。
同样也是由一个完整的句子构成,起到一个时间性说明、限定的作用,称之为“时间状语从句”。
一般由以下连词所引导:
1、when(当…时)
2、as(当…时,一边…一边)
3、while(当…时,在…期间)
4、before(在…以前)
5、after (在…之后)
例:1、When my husband was going into the dining room this morning,he dropped some coins on the floor.
今早当我丈夫走进饭厅时,把一些硬币掉在地上了。
2、While we were having breakfast,our little boy found two small coins on the floor.
当我们正吃早饭时,我们的小男孩在地上找到了两枚小硬币。
3、Just as I was opening the window,the telephone rang.
当我刚打开窗子时,电话响了。
4、She had finished the housework before she went out.
她在做完家务前出去的。
5、He gave us our exercise books after he had corrected them.
他修改完了后才把练习本给我们。
语法二十三:语态
一、被动语态:被动语态也分很多不同的时态,我们紧列出新概念一册中出现的。
语法1:be+动词过去分词
语法2:主语(动作承受者)+被动语态谓语+by+动作执行者(其中“by”有“被”的意思)例:1、I live a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.
我居住在一个被美丽的树林环绕的古老小镇上。
2、My four-year-old daughter,Sally,was invited to a children’s party.
我四岁的女儿萨莉被邀请去参加一个儿童聚会。