内科专业英语
内科学专业英语词汇
Respiratory systemabdominal breathing 腹式呼吸abscess 脓肿acetylcysteine 乙酰半胱氨酸，痰易净（用作各种支气管与肺部疾病的辅药）acid-base balance 酸碱平衡acidosis 酸中毒acute tracheobronchitis 急性气管--支气管炎acute cor pulmonale 急性肺源性心脏病acute lung injury, ALI 急性肺损伤acute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染adenosine deaminase, ADA 腺苷脱氨酶adenocarcinoma 腺癌adenopharyngitis 咽扁桃体炎adult respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 成人呼吸窘迫综合症aerobe 需氧菌aerodermectasia 皮下气肿aeroporotomy 呼吸道通气术（如用插管法或气管切开术）afebrile 无热（度）的，无发热病的β2-receptor agonist β2受体激动剂airway hyperresponsiveness, AHR 气道高反应性airway obstruction 气道阻塞airway remodeling 气道重塑alkalemia 碱血症alkalosis 碱中毒allergic airway inflammation, AAI 变态反应性气道炎症allergic bronchial-pulmonary aspergillosis, ABPA 变态反应性支气管肺曲菌病allergic granulomatosis 过敏性肉芽肿病allergy 变态反应性；变态反应，过敏反应alveolus ( [pl.]alveoli ) 肺泡amantadine 金刚烷胺(抗病毒药)ambroxol 盐酸氨溴索（化痰药）aminophylline 氨茶碱（用于舒张支气管平滑肌，平喘及利尿）amphoric breath sound 空瓮性呼吸音ampicillin 氨卡青霉素amygdala 扁桃体amygdalitis 扁桃体炎anaerobe 厌氧菌anaerosis 呼吸间断(尤指新生儿) anaphylaxis 过敏性，过敏反应，过敏症anaphylactic shock 过敏性休克anectasis 先天性扩张不全,原发性肺不张angina 咽峡炎，咽痛；绞痛anion gap, AG 阴离子间隙anoxia 缺氧（症）antasthmatic 止喘的，镇喘的、止喘药，镇喘药anthracosis 炭末沉着病，炭肺antibechic 镇咳的，镇咳药antibiotic 抗菌的，抗生的、抗菌素，抗生素anticancer 抗癌的anticarcinogen 抗癌药anticholinergic 抗胆碱能的、抗胆碱能药(副交感神经阻滞药)antiemetic 消水肿的，消水肿药antifebrile 解热的、解热药antifungal 抗真菌的、杀真菌药antigen-antibody reaction 抗原抗体反应antihemorrhagic 抗出血的，抗出血药物anti-infectious 抗感染的anti-infective 抗感染的，抗感染药anti-inflammatory 抗炎的，消炎的，消炎药antimycobacterial 抗分支杆菌的antineoplastic 抗肿瘤的、抗肿瘤药antiphthisic 抗痨的，抗结核的antipneumococcic 抗肺炎球菌的antispasmodic 镇痉的、镇痉药，解痉药antistaphylococcic 抗葡萄球菌的α1-antitrypsin, α1-AT α1-抗胰蛋白酶antituberculin 抗结核菌素antituberculotic 抗结核的、抗结核药antitussive 镇咳的、镇咳药apnea 呼吸暂停、窒息apneumatosis 肺无气，先天性肺不张apneumia 无肺(畸形)artificial respiration 人工呼吸asbestosis 石棉肺，石棉沉着病asphyxia 窒息aspiration pneumonia 吸入性肺炎aspirin induced asthma, ASA 阿司匹林引起的哮喘asthma 气喘，哮喘asthmatiform 气喘样的，哮喘样的asthmogenic 气喘原的，致气喘的、致喘剂atopy 遗传性过敏症auscultate 听诊auscultator 听诊者；听诊器axillary node 腋窝淋巴结bacille Calmette Guerin , BCG 卡介菌(BCG vaccine 卡介苗) backache 背痛bacteria ( bacterium的复数) 细菌bactericide 杀菌剂bacteriemia 菌血症Bamberger-Marie disease (Eugen Bamberger ; Pierre Marie)肥大性肺性骨关节病bambuterol 班布特罗(β2受体激动剂) barrel chest 桶状胸bathypnea 深呼吸bechic 咳嗽的、镇咳药beclomethasone dipropionate , BDP 二丙酸倍氯米松(糖皮质激素) benzopyrene 苯并芘benzylpenicillin 苄青霉素，青霉素Gbody mass index, BMI 体重指数Bouchut's repspiration (jean A. E. Bouchut) 布舒呼吸(小儿患支气管肺炎时吸气较呼气短)bovovaccination 牛结核菌苗接种bovovaccine 牛结核菌苗bradypnea 呼吸过慢，呼吸不正常的缓解breast 胸；乳房；乳腺breastbone 胸骨breath 气息；呼吸；正常呼吸力breather 呼吸者；通气孔breathing 呼吸的，活的、呼吸，呼吸运动,呼吸音Brock's syndrome (Russell C. Brock) 中叶综合征（右肺中叶膨胀不全，兼有慢性肺炎）bromhexine 溴苄环己铵，必消痰，必嗽平（祛痰药及粘液分解剂）bronchi ( bronchus的复数) 支气管bronchia ( brouchium的复数) 小支气管bronchial 支气管的bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘bronchial provocation test, BPT 支气管激发试验bronchiarctia 支气管狭窄bronchiectasis 支气管扩张bronchiloquy 支气管语音bronchiocele 细支气管扩大bronchiole 细支气管bronchiolectasis 细支气管扩张bronchiolitis 细支气管炎,毛细支气管炎bronchiospasm , bronchismus 支气管痉挛(痉挛性支气管收缩) bronchiostenosis 支气管狭窄bronchitis 支气管炎bronchium ([复]bronchia) 【拉】小支气管(支气管分支，小于支气管，大于细支气管) bronchoalveolar 支气管肺泡的bronchoalveolar carcinoma 支气管肺泡癌bronchoalveolitis 支气管肺炎bronchocandidiasis 支气管念珠菌病bronchocavernous 支气管空洞的bronchocele 支气管囊肿（支气管局部扩张）bronchocephalitis 支气管脑炎bronchoconstriction 支气管收缩，支气管狭窄bronchodilatation , bronchodilation 支气管扩张bronchodilator 支气管扩张器；支气管扩张药bronchoesophagoscopy 支气管食管镜检查bronchogram 支气管造影摄片bronchography 支气管造影术broncholith 支气管（结）石，肺石broncholithiasis 支气管结石病bronchomalacia 支气管软化bronchomotor 支气管舒缩的bronchomycosis 支气管真菌病，支气管霉菌病bronchophony 支气管（语）音bronchoplegia 支气管麻痹bronchopleural 支气管胸膜的bronchopleuropneumonia 支气管胸膜肺炎bronchopneumonia 支气管肺炎bronchopneumonitis 支气管肺炎bronchopneumopathy 支气管肺病bronchopulmonary 支气管肺的bronchoradiography 支气管X线照相术，支气管X线造影术bronchorrhagia 支气管出血bronchoscope 支气管镜bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查bronchospasm 支气管痉挛（痉挛性支气管收缩）bronchostenosis 支气管狭窄bronchotracheal 支气管气管的，气管支气管的bronchovesicular 支气管肺泡的bronchus ([复]bronchi) 【拉】支气管budesonide , BUD 布地奈德(糖皮质激素)bulla ( [复] bullae ) 肺大泡cadmiosis 镉尘肺candidiasis , candidosis 念珠菌病capreomycin 卷曲霉素（抗结核药）carcinoembryonic antigen , CEA 癌胚抗原cardioasthma 心病性哮喘cDNA fingerprinting 核酸指印技术ceftazidime 头孢他啶(三代头孢菌素) ceftriaxone 头孢曲松(三代头孢菌素)central sleep apnea syndrome, CSAS 中枢型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征chalcosis 铜屑肺，铜屑沉着病chalicosis 石末肺，石末沉着病chemotherapy 化学疗法，化学治疗chest 胸，胸廓chest tube drainage 胸腔闭式引流chloramphenicol 氨霉素（抗菌、抗立克次体药）choke 闷塞；阻塞；抑制；阻止、窒息；塞住、窒息；气哽，气阻chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎chronic desquamating eosinophlia bronchitis 慢性脱屑性嗜酸性粒细胞增多性支气管炎chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD 慢性阻塞性肺病chronic pulmonary heart disease 慢性肺源性心脏病clenbuterol 克仑特罗(β2受体激动剂) clindamycin 克林霉素clorprenaline 氯丙那林(β2受体激动剂)closure pneumothorax 闭合性气胸cloxacillin 氯唑西林cobaltosis 钴尘肺codeine 可待因(镇咳、麻醉止痛药)Cohn's pores 肺泡间孔coldsore 单纯性疱疹，唇疱疹common cold 普通感冒community acquired pneumonia, CAP 社区获得性肺炎coniofibrosis 肺尘性纤维变性，纤维性肺尘病connective tissue disease, CTD 结缔组织病continuous positive airway pressure, CPAP 持续气道正压conventional pulmonary angiography, CPA 选择性肺动脉造影cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病（简称肺心病）cough 咳嗽、咳出、咳,咳嗽cough variant asthma, CV A 咳嗽变异性哮喘cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐原性纤维化性肺泡炎cyanose 【法】发绀,青紫cyanosed 发绀的，青紫的cyanosis 发绀，青紫cyclophosphamide 环磷酰胺(免疫抑制剂及抗肿瘤药) cycloserine 环丝氨酸(结核菌抑制药，很少用于治尿路感染)cystic fibrosis 囊性纤维化deep venous thrombosis , DVT 深静脉血栓形成Directly Observed Treatmeat, Short Course Chemotherapy; DOTS督导短程化学治疗disodium cromoglycate 色甘酸二钠(非激素类抗炎药) drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病dyspnea 呼吸困难edema 浮肿,水肿embolism 栓塞embolize 栓塞、成为栓子embolomycotic 感染性栓子的embolus ([复]emboli ) 栓子emphysema 气肿；肺气肿emptysis 【希】咯血empyema 积脓；脓胸eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿expiratory reserve volume,ERV 呼吸储备量extend spectrum beta lactases,ESBLS 超光谱酶ethambutol, EMB 乙胺丁醇(结核菌抑制药)exercise induced asthma , EIA 运动性哮喘exhalation 蒸发；发散物(如气体、气味)；呼出，呼气exhale 呼气；蒸发，发散、呼出;发散出expiration 呼出，呼气；断气，死亡；期满，终止expiratory 呼气的expire 呼气，断气，死亡；期满，终止，呼出extrinsic allergic alveolitis, EAA 外源性过敏性肺泡炎febricant 致热的febricide 退热的，退热药febricity 发热febrifugal 退热的，解热的febrifuge 退热药，解热药、退热的，解热的febrile 热性的，发热的febris 【拉】发热，热fenoterol 非诺特罗(β2受体激动剂)forced expiratory volume in one second，FEV1 第一秒用力呼气量fever 发热，热fever blister 唇疱疹feverish 发烧的，引起热病的；兴奋的fibroblasts growth factor, FGF 成纤维细胞生长因子fibronectin, Fn 纤维连结素fieber 【德】发热，热fluorine -18-fluorodeoxyglcose, FDG 18F脱氧葡萄糖fluticasone propionate, FP 丙酸氟替卡松(糖皮质激素) formoterol 福莫特罗(β2受体激动剂)fungal真菌的，霉菌的fungicide 杀真菌剂fungicidin 制真菌素，制霉菌素fungistat 抑制真菌剂fungous 真菌的，霉菌的fungus ([复]funguses 或fungi) 【拉】真菌,霉菌;海绵肿furosemide 速尿,速尿灵(磺胺类强利尿药) forced vital capacity,FVC 用力肺活量gasp 喘气、气喘喘地说、喘息gasproof 防毒气的；不透气的gentamicin, gentamycin 庆大霉素Global Initiative For Asthma,GIFA 全球性哮喘防治建议Goodpasture's syndrome 肺出血--肾炎综合征（肾小球性肾炎咯血综合征，主要发生于青年男性,开始为呼吸道感染、肺浸润、咯血和贫血，继则迅速转为进行性肾病）granuloma--inciting factor 肉芽肿激发因子guttur 【拉】咽喉guttural 喉的，咽喉的gutturophony 喉音gutturotetany 喉痉挛性口吃Hamman-Rich Syndrome (Louis Hamman; Arnold R. Rich)弥散性间质性肺纤维化headache 头痛hemathorax 血胸，胸腔积血hematic 血的、补血药hematothorax 血胸hemopleura 血胸hemopneumothorax 血气胸hemoptysis 咯血hemothorax 血胸hospital acquired pneumonia, HAP 医院获得性肺炎hydropneumothorax 水气胸hyperpyrexia 高热，高烧hyperthermal 高温的，热的hyperventilation 过度换气；过度呼吸hypopharynx 下咽(部)，咽喉(部)hypopnea 呼吸不足，呼吸不全hyposensitization therapy 减敏疗法idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症immediate asthmatic reaction, IAR 速发相哮喘反应inflammation 炎(症)inflammatory 炎的，炎性的influenza 流行性感冒,流感infratracheal 气管下的isonicotinylhydrazine,INH 异烟肼，雷米封(商品名，抗结核药) Interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病Intrabronchial 支气管内的intubation 插管(法)(尤指喉管插入法)intubate 插管，插入喉管intermittent positive pressure breathing,IPPB 间歇性正压呼吸ipratropium bromide 溴化异丙托品(抗胆碱药) isoniazid，INH 异烟肼(抗结核药)isoproterenol 异丙肾上腺素，喘息定，治喘灵(用于拟交感神经药.心兴奋剂及解痉药,亦用于缓解支气管痉挛) isoproterenol hydrochloride 盐酸异丙肾上腺素(支气管扩张药) isoproterenol sulfate 硫酸异丙肾上腺素(支气管扩张药) kanamycin 卡那霉素Kartagener's syndrome (triad) (Manes Kartagener) 卡塔格内综合征(三征)(右位心<内脏易位>、支气管扩张、鼻窦炎) ketotifen 酮替芬(治疗哮喘的药物)Klebsiellar pneumonia 肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎Koch's bacillus (Robert koch) 郭霍杆菌(结核杆菌)Koch's phenomenon 郭霍现象(结核菌再感染剧烈反应) Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Langhans' cells(Theodor Langhans) 朗汉斯细胞(构成细胞滋养层的多面形上皮细胞;结核性结节巨细胞)late asthmatic reaction, LAR 迟发相哮喘反应lactic dehydrogenase,LDH 乳酸脱氢酶Legionella pneumonia 嗜肺军团菌Legionnaies pneumonia 军团菌肺炎lincomycin 林可霉素liparodyspnea 肥胖性呼吸困难lobitis 叶炎(尤指肺叶炎)lobule 小叶lobulus ([复]lobuli ) 【拉】小叶lobus ([复]lobi ) 【拉】叶lung 肺lung abscess 肺脓肿lung cancer 肺癌lungmotor 肺充气机lungworm 肺蠕虫(如肺吸虫)Marie-Bamberger disease (Pierre Marie; Eugen Bamberger) 肥大性肺性骨关节病mechanical controlled hypoventilation, MCHV 控制性低通气量辅助呼吸mechanical ventilation 机械通气meningopneumonitis 脑膜肺炎mesobronchitis 支气管中层炎mesosternum 胸骨体metacortandralone 泼尼松龙，强的松龙，氢化泼尼松，去氢氢化可的松(糖皮质激素) metapneumonic 肺炎后的methylmorphine 甲基吗啡，可待因methylprednisolone 甲基去氢氢化可的松，甲基氢化泼尼松，甲基泼尼松龙(糖皮质激素) metronidazole 灭滴灵，甲硝唑mitomycin 自力霉素，丝裂霉素(抗肿瘤药) MMFR maximum midexpiratory flow rate 最大呼气中期流速moroxydine, ABOB 吗啉胍（抗病毒药）methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus,MRSA 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌midsternal line,MSL 胸骨中线Multiple drug resistance tuberculosis, MDR-TB 耐多药结核病mycete 霉菌，真菌mycobacterium 分支杆菌mycobacterium avium 鸟(型)结核分支杆菌mycobacterium bovis 牛(型)结核分支杆菌mycobacterium other than M.tuberculosis, MOTT 其他分支杆菌mycobacterium paratuberculosis 副结核分支杆菌mycobacterium tuberculosis 结核分支杆菌,结核杆菌mycoplasma 支原体，类菌质体mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体，肺炎支原菌mycoplasmal pneumonia 支原体肺炎mycoplasmosis 支原体病,支原菌病nafcillin 乙氧萘胺青霉素，萘夫西林，新青霉素IIInasal continuous positive airway pressure, nCPAP 经鼻持续气道正压necropneumonia 肺坏疽nedocromil sodium 奈多罗米钠(非激素类抗炎剂) needle aspiration 穿刺抽气nicoumalone 新抗凝(抗凝血药)non-inflammatory 非炎性的non-small cell lung cancer 非小细胞肺癌non-smoker 非吸烟者norepinephrine 去甲肾上激素noscapine 诺司咳平(1-α-那可丁，镇咳药，由鸦片中提出的一种生物碱,其含量约3----10%)obstructive hypoventilation 阻塞性通气不足obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, OSAS 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停old tuberculin, OT 旧结核菌素;简称旧结素oleothorax (人工)油胸oligopnea 肺换气不足orthopnea 端坐呼吸oxacillin 苯唑西林，新青II oxygen therapy 氧气治疗oxytetracycline 氧四环素，土霉素oxytropium bromide 溴化氧托品（抗胆碱药）pachypleuritis 肥厚性胸膜炎，纤维胸palpation 触诊，扪诊Pancoast tumor 肺上沟瘤para-aminosalicylic acid, PAS 对氨基水杨酸paraneoplastic syndrome 副癌综合征parapleuritis 胸壁炎，胸壁胸膜炎paratoloid, paratoloidin 结核菌素paristhmitis 扁桃体炎polymerase chain reaction,PCR 聚合酶链反应pectoral 胸的，祛痰的，舒胸的pectoralgia 胸痛，胸肌痛pectorophony 语音增强pectus 【拉】胸positive end-expiratory pressure,PEEP 呼气末正压peak expiratory flow,PEF 呼气流量峰值penicillin 青霉素percussion 叩击；叩诊（法）peribronchial 支气管周的peribronchiolar 细支气管周的peribronchiolitis 细支气管周炎peribronchitis 支气管周炎perithoracic 胸周的peritonsillar 扁桃体周的peritonsillitis 扁桃体周炎peritracheal 气管周的pertussis 百日咳pharyngalgia 咽痛pharyngeal, pharyngal 咽的pharyngodynia 咽痛pharyngotonsillitis 咽扁桃体炎phthisicky 气喘的，患气喘病的pimelorthopnea 肥胖性端坐呼吸（躺下时则难以呼吸）piorthopnea 肥胖性端坐呼吸（躺下时则难以呼吸）platypnea 平卧呼吸（端坐时所致的呼吸困难在平卧时得以缓解）pleura ([复]pleurae ) 胸膜pleuracentesis 胸腔穿刺术pleurectomy 胸膜部分切除术pleural effusion 胸腔积液pleuralgia 胸膜痛pleurisy 胸膜炎pleurobrochitis 胸膜支气管炎pleurocentesis 胸腔穿刺术pleuroclysis 胸膜腔灌洗术pleurodesis 胸膜粘连疗法pleurodynia 胸膜痛，肋肌痛（陈发性肋间肌痛）pleuroparietopexy 胸膜胸壁固定术pleuropneumonia 胸膜肺炎pleuropulmonary 胸膜肺的pleurorrhea 胸膜腔渗液pleuroscopy 胸膜腔镜检查paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, PND 陈发性夜间呼吸困难pneogaster 呼吸道（胚）pneumal 肺的pneumatocele 肺膨出；气瘤，气囊pneumatodyspnea 气肿性呼吸困难pneumoalveolography 肺泡X线照相术pneumoangiogram 肺血管（造影）照片pneumoangiography 肺血管造影术pneumobacillus 肺炎杆菌pneumocele 肺膨出；气瘤；气囊pneumocentesis 肺穿刺术pneumochysis 肺水肿pneumococcal pneumonia 肺炎球菌肺炎pneumococcemia 肺炎球菌血症pneumococcidal 杀肺炎球菌的pneumococcosis 肺炎球菌病pneumococcus ([复]pneumococci) 肺炎球菌pneumoconiosis 肺尘埃沉着病，尘肺pneumocystic 肺孢子虫的，肺孢子虫所致的pneumocystosis 肺孢子虫病（间质性浆细胞性肺炎）pneumocyte 肺细胞pneumoderma 皮下气肿pneumoempyema 气脓胸pneumohemothorax 气血胸pneumohydrothorax 气水胸pneumokoniosis 肺尘埃沉着病，尘肺pneumolith 肺石pneumolithiasis 肺石病pneumology 肺病学pneumomalacia 肺软化pneumomycosis 肺真菌病，肺霉菌病pneumonectasis, pneumonectasia 肺气肿pneumonedema 肺水肿pneumonemia 肺充血pneumonia 肺炎pneumonitis 肺炎，局限性肺炎pneumonocele 肺膨出；气瘤；气囊pneumonocentesis 肺穿刺术pneumonococcus 肺炎(双)球菌pneumonoconiosis, pneumonokoniosis 肺尘埃沉着病,尘肺pneumonocyte 肺细胞pneumonograph 肺X线(照)片pneumonolipoidosis 脂质性肺炎pneumonomelanosis 肺黑变病pneumonopathy 肺病pneumonophthisis 肺结核pneumonorrhagia 肺出血pneumonosis 肺病pneumopleuritis 肺胸膜炎pneumopyothorax 气脓胸pneumorrhagia 肺出血pneumosepticemia 肺炎败血病pneumoserothorax 浆液气胸pneumosilicosis 硅肺pneumotaxic 呼吸调节的pneumothorax 气胸pneusis 【希】呼吸polygenic inheritance 多基因遗传polypnea 呼吸急促，气促polysomnography 多导睡眠图positron emission tomography, PET 正电子发射断层显像Post-Hypercapnic alkalosis 二氧化碳排出后碱中毒purified protein derivative (of tuberculin),PPD 纯蛋白衍生物(结核菌素) presternum 胸骨柄pretracheal 气管前的pretuberculosis 初期结核病pretuberculous 结核发生前的primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌primary pneumothorax 原发性气胸primary pulmonary tuberculosis 原发性肺结核procaterol 丙卡特罗(β2受体激动剂) pulmo ([复]pulmones ) 【拉】肺pulmogram 肺X线(照)片pulmonary 肺的pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAH 肺动脉高压pulmonary aspergillosis 肺曲菌病pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PCWP 肺小动脉楔压pulmonary embolism, PE 肺栓塞pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病pulmonary surfactant, PS 肺表面活性物质pulmonary thromboembolism, PTE 肺血栓栓塞pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核pulmonic 肺的；肺动脉的pulmonitis 肺炎pulmotor 自动供氧人工呼吸器purr 猫喘音，呜呜purring 猫喘音样的Px. pneumothorax 气胸pyohemothorax 脓血胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸pyoptysis 咯脓pyothorax 脓胸pyrazinamide , PZA 吡嗪酰胺(抗结核病)QP quanti-Pirquent reaction 定量皮尔盖反应(定量结核菌素划痕反应)quinsy 扁桃体周脓肿radiation therapy 放射治疗rale 罗音respiration 呼吸(作用);呼吸音respiratory 呼吸的respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis 呼吸性碱中毒respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭respire 呼吸restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP 限制性内切酶片段多态性分析restrictive hypoventilation 限制性通气不足retrobronchial 支气管后的ribavirin 利巴韦林(抗病毒药)rifabutin RBU 利福布丁(抗结核药)rifampin RFP 利福平(抗结核药)rifamycin 利福霉素(对结核分支杆菌及其他细菌均有效)rifapentine DL473, RPE, RPT 利福喷丁(抗结核药)rigor 【拉】寒战,发冷; 强直,僵硬rimantadine 甲基金刚烷胺(抗病毒药)Rimifon 雷米封(异烟肼<isoniazid>的商品名) rimiterol 利米特罗(β2受体激动剂)Rostan's asthma (Louis L. Rostan) 心病性气喘RV residual volume 余气量，残气量salbutamol 沙丁胺醇(β2受体激动剂) salmeterol 沙美特罗(β2受体激动剂)Samter Syndrome 阿司匹林过敏-哮喘-鼻息肉三联症Sarcoidosis 结节病secondary pneumothorax 继发性气胸secondary pulmonary tuberculosis 继发型肺结核serothorax 浆液胸，胸膜(腔)积水，水胸severe acute respiratory syndrome ,SARS (infectious atypical pneumopia) 传染性非典型肺炎siderosilicosis 铁(硅)末沉着,铁硅尘肺siderosis 肺铁末沉着病，铁尘肺silicosis 矽肺silicotuberculosis 石末沉着性结核病,硅肺结核sleep apnea syndrome 睡眠呼吸暂停综合征small sell lung cancer 小细胞肺癌spacer 储雾罐spontaneous pneumothorax 自发性气胸staphylococcus ([复]staphylococci) 葡萄球菌staphylococcal pneumonia 葡萄球菌肺炎status asthmaticus 哮喘持续状态stethophone 胸音传播器，听诊器stethoscope 听诊strangulation (呼吸)窒息;绞窄streptococcus ([复]streptococci) 链球菌streptococcus pneumoniae 肺炎链球菌streptomycin SM 链霉素stridor 【拉】喘鸣suprathoracic 胸廓上的suspirious 深呼吸的，叹气的tension pneumothorax 张力性气胸terbutaline 特布他林(β2受体激动剂) the lung imaging fluorescence endoscope, LTFE 肺成像荧光屏内镜the respiratory disturbance index 呼吸紊乱指数thiosemicarbazone, TB 氨硫脲(抗结核药) thoracalgia 胸痛thoracentesis 胸廓穿刺术thoracic , thoracal 胸的，胸廓的thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术thoracocyllosis 胸畸形thoracodynia 胸痛thoracopathy 胸部疾病thoracoscope 胸腔镜thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查thoracostenosis 胸廓狭窄thorax ([复]thoraxes或thoraces ) 胸,胸廓tiotropium bromide 溴化泰乌托品(抗胆碱能药) total lung capacity,TLC 肺总量tonsil 扁桃体tonsilla ([复]tonsillae ) 【拉】扁桃体tonsillitis 扁桃体炎trachea ([复]tracheas 或tracheae ) 【拉】气管trachea-bronchitis 气管-支气管炎tracheaectasy 气管扩张tracheitis 气管炎tracheobronchitis 气管支气管炎. tracheobronchomegaly 气管支气管扩大;巨大气管-支气管症tracheobronchoscopy 气管支气管镜检查tracheofistulization 气管穿刺投药法tracheophony 气管音tracheopyosis 气管化脓,化脓性支气管炎tracheorrhagia 气管出血tracheoscopy 气管镜检查tracheostenosis 气管狭窄tracheotomize 切开气管tracheotomy 气管切开术trachitis 气管炎tranilast 曲尼司特(治疗哮喘的药物) transforming oncogenes 转化癌基因transthoracic 经胸廓的，经胸腔的transtracheal 经气管的，经气管壁的transudate 漏出液，渗出液Triple acid-base disorders, TABD 三重酸碱失衡tubercle 结节，结核结节tuberculin 结核菌素,结素tuberculocide 杀结核菌药tuberculosilicosis 硅肺结核tuberculosis 结核(病)tuberculosis pleuritis 结核性胸膜炎tuberculostatic 结核菌抑制药、抑制结核菌的tulobuterol 妥布特罗(β2受体激动剂) unclosure pneumothorax 交通性气胸upper respiratory tract infection, URTI 上呼吸道感染uvulopalatopharygoplasty , UPPP 悬雍垂软腭成形术vaccinum 【拉】疫苗,菌苗Vancocin 万古霉素(商品名)vancomycin 万古霉素vital capacity,VC 肺活量viral pneumonia 病毒性肺炎virucide 杀病毒剂virus 【拉】病毒virusemia 病毒血(症)Wegener granulomatosis 韦格内肉芽肿wheeze 喘气，喘息、喘息地说、喘息声，喘鸣white lung 白肺(婴儿梅毒性肺炎)windpipe 气管Cardiovascular systemabscess 脓肿achropachy;acropachy 杵状指acute coronary syndrome 急性冠脉综合征acute myocardial infarction 急性心肌梗塞acute pericarditis 急性心包炎adrenergic blocking agent 肾上腺素能阻滞剂after load 后负荷alcoholic heart disease 酒精性心脏病aldosterone 醛固酮ambulatory blood pressure monitoring 动态血压监测amelioration 改善aminoglycosides 氨基糖甙类amoxicillin 阿莫西林ampicillin 氨苄西林anaerobic cultivation 厌氧培养anemia 贫血aneurysm 动脉瘤angina pectoris 心绞痛angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor；ACEI 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂angiotensin 血管紧张素angiotensin-converting enzyme 血管紧张素转换酶anorexia 食欲不振anoxia 缺氧antibiotic 抗生素Anticoagulant drug 抗凝药anxiety 焦虑aortic sinus 主动脉窦aortic stenosis 主动脉口狭窄aortic valve 主动脉瓣apical hypertrophy 心尖部肥厚arrhythmia 心律失常arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy 致心律失常性右室心肌病arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 心律失常性右室发育不良症arterial pressure 动脉压arterial septal defect 房间隔缺损arterial spasm 动脉痉挛arterioVenous fistula 动静脉瘘arthritis 关节炎artificial cardiac pacing 人工心脏起搏ascites 腹水asymmetric septal hypertrophy 心室间隔肥厚asymptomatic myocardial ischemia 无症状性心肌缺血asynchronous defibrillation 非同步电除颤asynchronous pacemaker 非同步型起搏器atheroma 粥样斑块atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化atrial fibrillation心房颤动atrial flutter 心房扑动atrial natriuretic factor 心钠素atrial tachycardia 房性心动过速atrioventricular block 房室传导阻滞atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia 房室结折返性心动过速atrophy 萎缩automatic tachycardia 自律性心动过速autosome 常染色体bacteremia 菌血症balloon catheter 球囊导管balloon expandable stent 球囊膨胀性支架bicuspidal valve二尖瓣bilateral basal rales 两肺底罗音bleeding 渗出blood flow reserve 血流储备blood volume 血容量body fluid 体液bradycardia 心动过缓Bradykinin 缓激肽brain death 脑死亡brain stem death 脑干死亡breathholding 屏气broad spectrum 广谱C reactive protein,CRP C反应蛋白calcification 钙化calcium channel antagonists 钙通道阻滞剂capillary network 毛细血管网cardiac catheter 心导管cardiac failure 心衰cardiac index 心脏指数cardiac insufficiency 心力衰竭cardiac output 心排血量cardiac soufflé心脏杂音cardiogenic shock 心源性休克cardiogenic syncope 心源性晕厥cardiophonogram 心音图cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏cardioversion 心脏电复律carotid sinus syncope 颈动脉窦晕厥catecholamine 儿茶酚胺catheter ablation 心导管消融catheterization 心导管术cefalotin 头孢噻吩cefetaxime 头孢噻肟cell-mediate immunity 细胞免疫cerebral edema 脑水肿cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血cerebrovascular disease 脑血管疾病chaotic tachycardia 紊乱性心动过速chest pain 胸痛chill 寒战chorea 舞蹈病ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星clindamycin 克林霉素clinical features 临床特点coagulated necrosis 凝固坏死coarctation of aorta 主动脉缩窄coenzyme 辅酶collagen fiber 胶原纤维color doppler imaging 彩色多普勒血流显像color kinesis 彩色室壁运动技术coma 昏迷complement 补体complete left bundle branch block 完全性左束支传导阻滞complete right bundle branch block 完全性右束支传导阻滞compliance 顺应性complication 并发症complication 并发症concordant 协调性conduction block 传导阻滞congenital vascular malformation 先天性心血管畸形congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭conscious disturbance 意识障碍constrictive pericarditis 缩窄性心包炎contractility 收缩力contraction 收缩contrast echocardiography 心肌声学造影convulsion 惊厥coronary angiography 冠状动脉造影coronary arterial insufficiency 冠脉供血不足coronary artery bypass grafting 冠脉旁路移植术coronary artery bypass 冠状动脉旁路coronary artery embolism 冠状动脉栓塞coronary artery spasm 冠脉痉挛coronary revascularization 冠脉血运重建术coronary stenting 冠脉内支架术corticosteroid 皮质类固醇creatine phosphate kinase 磷酸肌酸激酶crepitations 捻发音cyanosis 紫绀deep vein thrombosis 深部静脉血栓形成defibrillation 心脏电除颤degeneration 变性diabetes mellitus 糖尿病diastolic insufficiency heart failure 舒张功能不全性心力衰竭diastolic pressure 舒张压diffuse glomerulonephritis 弥漫性肾小球肾炎digitalis 洋地黄dilated cardiomyopathy 扩张型心肌病diltiazem 地尔硫卓dilution 稀释directional coronary atherectomy 定向冠脉内膜切除术dissecting aneurysm 夹层动脉瘤dissection of aorta 主动脉夹层diuretic 利尿剂doppler tissue imaging 组织型多普勒成像doppler ultrasound 多普勒超声心动图drug-induced heart disease 药物性心脏病dysfunction 功能障碍dyspnea 呼吸困难dystrophy 营养障碍Ebstein's anomaly 三尖瓣下移畸形ECG exercise test 心电图运动试验edema 水肿Eisenmenger syndrome 艾森曼格综合征ejection 射血ejection fraction 射血分数electrocardiography 心电图electrophysiology 电生理emboli 栓子emphraxis 闭塞end systolic volume 收缩末容量endemic cardiomyopathy 地方性克山病endocardium infarction 心内膜下心梗endothelin 内皮素enlargement 增大environmental factor 环境因素epidemiology 流行病学erectional syncope 直立性晕厥erythrocyte sedimentation 血沉erythromycin 红霉素Escherichia coli 大肠杆菌etiology 病因学family history 家族史Fatigue 疲劳fatty streak 脂质条纹fatty tissue 脂肪组织febrile 发热fibrosis 纤维化fibrous protein纤维蛋白filling resistance 充盈阻力filling 充盈first aid 急救fluid retention 液体潴留fourth heart sound 第四心音fundus of eye 眼底fungus 真菌gallop 奔马律gamma globulin 丙种球蛋白genetic background 遗传背景gentamycin 庆大霉素gonococcus 淋球菌headache头痛head-up tilt test 直立倾斜试验heart failure 心力衰竭heart rate variability 心率变异性heart rate 心率heart sign 心脏体征heart transplantation 心脏移植术hematom 血肿hematuria 血尿hemodynamics血流动力学heredity 遗传hyperemia 充血hyperlipemia 高脂血症hypertension 高血压hypertension crisis 高血压危象hypertension emergency 高血压急症hypertensive crisis 高血压危象hypertensive encephalopathy 高血压脑病hyperthyrea 甲状腺功能亢进hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 肥厚型心肌病hypocalcemia 低钙血症hypokalemia 低钾血症hypotension 低血压hypothermia 低温idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis 特发性肥厚性主动脉瓣下狭窄immune complex 免疫复合物immunosuppression 免疫抑制implantable cardioverter defibrillator 植入型心律转复除颤器inertia 乏力infective endocarditis 感染性心内膜炎inflammation 炎症inflammatory cell 炎症细胞in-stent restenosis 支架术后再狭窄insulin resistance 胰岛素抵抗intermittent myocardial ischemia 暂时心肌缺血interstitium 间质interventional cardiology 介入性心脏病学interventricular septum 室间隔intoxication 中毒intracranial pressure step-up 颅内压升高intravascular echocardiography 血管内超声成像intraventricular block 室内传导阻滞ischemia 缺血ischemic infarction 缺血性坏死joint pain 关节痛Keshan disease 克山病kidney sclerosis 肾硬化kidney 肾lactic dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶laser angioplasty 激光成形术left anterior hemiblock 左前分支阻滞left posterior hemiblock 左后分支阻滞leucocyte 白细胞lipid deposition 脂质沉积lymphoma 淋巴瘤malignant hypertension 恶性高血压manifestation 临床表现mapping 标测mean arterial pressure 平均动脉压meningitis 脑膜炎mesentery 肠系膜minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC 最小抑菌浓度microvascular abnormalities 微血管功能不良mictional syncope 排尿性晕厥mitral incompetence / mitral insufficiency 二尖瓣关闭不全mitral valve prolapse 二尖瓣脱垂moist rales 湿罗音monocyte 单核细胞monorail catheter 单轨导管mucosa 粘膜multifocal tachycardia 多源性心动过速multivalve disease 多瓣膜疾病mural thrombus 附壁血栓myocardial concussion syndrome 心肌震荡综合征myocardial contractility 心肌收缩力myocardial infarction 心肌梗死myocardial oxygen consumption 心肌氧耗量myocarditis 心肌炎myocardium bridging 心肌桥nafcillin 萘夫西林naked eye 肉眼native valve endocarditis 自体瓣膜心内膜炎nausea 恶心night sweats 盗汗nitrogen monoxide 一氧化氮nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难non- Q-wave infarction 非Q波心梗non- ST elevation 非ST段抬高normal coronary arteries at coronary angiography 冠脉造影正常obesity 肥胖obstruction 梗阻oncocytosis 嗜酸细胞增多症optic disc 视神经乳头oral cavity 口腔orthopnea 端坐呼吸outflow tract 流出道oxacillin 苯唑西林palpitation 心悸papillary muscle disruption 乳头肌破裂paradoxical pulse 奇脉paroxysmal tachycardia 阵发性心动过速patent ductus arteriosus 动脉导管未闭pathology 病理学percutaneous balloon mitral valve commissurotomy 经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术percutaneous coronary laser angioplasty 经皮激光冠脉成形术percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty 经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation 经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术perforation 穿孔pericardial rub 心包摩擦音pericardial tamponade 心包填塞pericarditis 心包炎peripartal heart disease 围产期心脏病peripheral arteriosclerosis obliteration 闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化peripheral edema 末梢水肿peripheral resistance 外周阻力peritendinitis 腱鞘炎petechia 瘀点phagocyte 吞噬细胞pheochromocytoma 嗜铬细胞瘤physical examination 体格检查piperacillin 哌拉西林plaque rupture 斑块破裂pleural fluid 胸水pneumococcus 肺炎球菌poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎positive exercise ECG 心电图运动试验阳性positron emission tomography 正电子断层显像post streptococcus reactive arthritis 链球菌后反应性关节炎postmyocardial infarction syndrome 心肌梗死后综合征postpericardiostomy syndrome 心脏损伤后综合征predisposing factors 易感因素preexcitation syndrome 预激综合征preload 前负荷premature beats 过早搏动premature contraction 期前收缩pressoreceptor 压力感受器prevalence rate 患病率primary hypertension 原发性高血压primary aldosteronism 原发性醛固酮增多症primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches 多发性大动脉炎primary prevention 一级预防prognosis 预后programmability 程序可控性programmable pacemaker 程控起搏器programmable stimulation 程序刺激器propafenone 普罗帕酮propranolol 普萘洛尔prostacyclin 前列环素prosthesis 人工瓣膜prosthetic valve endocarditis 人工瓣膜心内膜炎prosthetic valve replacement 人工瓣膜置换术proteinuria 蛋白尿pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 肺毛细血管楔嵌压pulmonary circulation 肺循环pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞pulmonic stenosis 肺动脉口狭窄pulmonic valve disease 肺动脉瓣疾病pulseless disease 无脉病Q-wave infarction Q波心梗radiate to the left arm\throat\jaw 放射到左肩、喉、下颌radiofrequency catheter ablation 经导管射频消融red cell cast 红细胞管型reentrant 折返refractory heart failure 顽固性心力衰竭regulation mechanism 调节机制relapse 复发remittent fever 弛张热remodelling 重构renal infarction 肾梗塞Renal parenchyma lesion 肾实质病变renal tubule 肾小管renin 肾素reperfusion 再灌注restrictive cardiomyopathy 限制型心肌病retina 视网膜rheumatic fever 风湿热rheumatoid factor 类风湿因子right heart infective endocarditis 右心瓣膜感染性心内膜炎right ventricular cardiomyopathy 右室心肌病rigor 寒战risk factor 危险因素risk stratification 危险分层Roth's spots Roth斑scar 瘢痕sclerosis 硬化secondary hypertension 继发性高血压secondary prevention 二级预防selective coronary angioplasty 选择性冠状动脉造影septicemia 败血症shock 休克sick sinus syndrome 病态窦房结综合征sinoatrial block 窦房阻滞sinus arrest 窦性停搏sinus rhythm 窦性心律sinus standstill 窦性静止sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速skin eruption 皮疹spasm of normal coronary arteries 正常冠脉痉挛ST elevation ST段抬高ST segment depression ST段下移staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌stenosis of renal artery 肾动脉狭窄stiffness 僵硬度streptococcus链球菌stress echocardiography 超声心动负荷试验stress myocardial perfusion imaging 心肌显像负荷试验stroke 卒中stroke volume 心搏量subacute infective endocarditis 亚急性感染性心内膜炎sudden death 猝死superficial thrombophlebitis 血栓性浅静脉炎superior vena cava obstruction syndrome 上腔静脉阻塞综合征suppurative pericarditis 化脓性心包炎survival rate 生存率sympathetic nerve 交感神经symptom 症状syncope 晕厥syndrome X X综合征systemic circulation 体循环systemic lupus erythematosus 系统性红斑狼疮systole收缩期systolic insufficiency heart failure 收缩功能不全性心力衰竭systolic murmur 收缩期杂音systolic pressure 收缩压T wave flattening T波低平T wave inversion T波倒置tachycardia 心动过速。
(完整word版)内科学专业英语词汇
Respiratory systemabdominal breathing 腹式呼吸abscess 脓肿acetylcysteine 乙酰半胱氨酸，痰易净（用作各种支气管与肺部疾病的辅药）acid-base balance 酸碱平衡acidosis 酸中毒acute tracheobronchitis 急性气管-—支气管炎acute cor pulmonale 急性肺源性心脏病acute lung injury， ALI 急性肺损伤acute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染adenosine deaminase， ADA 腺苷脱氨酶adenocarcinoma 腺癌adenopharyngitis 咽扁桃体炎adult respiratory distress syndrome ， ARDS 成人呼吸窘迫综合症aerobe 需氧菌aerodermectasia 皮下气肿aeroporotomy 呼吸道通气术（如用插管法或气管切开术）afebrile 无热（度）的,无发热病的β2-receptor agonist β2受体激动剂airway hyperresponsiveness, AHR 气道高反应性airway obstruction 气道阻塞airway remodeling 气道重塑alkalemia 碱血症alkalosis 碱中毒allergic airway inflammation， AAI 变态反应性气道炎症allergic bronchial-pulmonary aspergillosis, ABPA 变态反应性支气管肺曲菌病allergic granulomatosis 过敏性肉芽肿病allergy 变态反应性；变态反应,过敏反应alveolus （［pl.］alveoli ）肺泡amantadine 金刚烷胺(抗病毒药）ambroxol 盐酸氨溴索（化痰药）aminophylline 氨茶碱（用于舒张支气管平滑肌,平喘及利尿)amphoric breath sound 空瓮性呼吸音ampicillin 氨卡青霉素amygdala 扁桃体amygdalitis 扁桃体炎·1·anaerobe 厌氧菌anaerosis 呼吸间断（尤指新生儿）anaphylaxis 过敏性,过敏反应,过敏症anaphylactic shock 过敏性休克anectasis 先天性扩张不全,原发性肺不张angina 咽峡炎，咽痛；绞痛anion gap， AG 阴离子间隙anoxia 缺氧（症）antasthmatic 止喘的，镇喘的、止喘药，镇喘药anthracosis 炭末沉着病，炭肺antibechic 镇咳的，镇咳药antibiotic 抗菌的，抗生的、抗菌素,抗生素anticancer 抗癌的anticarcinogen 抗癌药anticholinergic 抗胆碱能的、抗胆碱能药（副交感神经阻滞药）antiemetic 消水肿的,消水肿药antifebrile 解热的、解热药antifungal 抗真菌的、杀真菌药antigen—antibody reaction 抗原抗体反应antihemorrhagic 抗出血的，抗出血药物anti-infectious 抗感染的anti—infective 抗感染的,抗感染药anti—inflammatory 抗炎的，消炎的，消炎药antimycobacterial 抗分支杆菌的antineoplastic 抗肿瘤的、抗肿瘤药antiphthisic 抗痨的，抗结核的antipneumococcic 抗肺炎球菌的antispasmodic 镇痉的、镇痉药，解痉药antistaphylococcic 抗葡萄球菌的α1—antitrypsin，α1-AT α1—抗胰蛋白酶antituberculin 抗结核菌素antituberculotic 抗结核的、抗结核药antitussive 镇咳的、镇咳药apnea 呼吸暂停、窒息apneumatosis 肺无气，先天性肺不张apneumia 无肺(畸形)artificial respiration 人工呼吸asbestosis 石棉肺，石棉沉着病asphyxia 窒息aspiration pneumonia 吸入性肺炎·2·aspirin induced asthma， ASA 阿司匹林引起的哮喘asthma 气喘，哮喘asthmatiform 气喘样的，哮喘样的asthmogenic 气喘原的，致气喘的、致喘剂atopy 遗传性过敏症auscultate 听诊auscultator 听诊者；听诊器axillary node 腋窝淋巴结bacille Calmette Guerin ， BCG 卡介菌（BCG vaccine 卡介苗) backache 背痛bacteria ( bacterium的复数）细菌bactericide 杀菌剂bacteriemia 菌血症Bamberger-Marie disease (Eugen Bamberger ; Pierre Marie)肥大性肺性骨关节病bambuterol 班布特罗(β2受体激动剂）barrel chest 桶状胸bathypnea 深呼吸bechic 咳嗽的、镇咳药beclomethasone dipropionate , BDP 二丙酸倍氯米松（糖皮质激素）benzopyrene 苯并芘benzylpenicillin 苄青霉素，青霉素Gbody mass index， BMI 体重指数Bouchut’s repspiration (jean A. E。
【考研复试】大内科英语词汇
专业英语词汇:Influenza 流感Acute tracheobronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎Pneumonia 肺炎Community acquired pneumonia,CAP 社区获得性肺炎Hospital acquired pneumonia,HAP 医院获得性肺炎Ventilator associated pneumonia,V AP 呼吸机相关性肺炎Healthcare associated pneumonia,HCAP 卫生保健相关性肺炎Protected specimen brush ,PSB 防污染样本毛刷Bronchial alveolar lavage,BAL 支气管肺泡灌洗Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration,PFNA 经皮细针吸检Urinary antigen test 尿抗原试验Streptococcus pneumoniae 肺炎链球菌Pneumococcal pneumoniae 肺炎球菌Staphylococcal pneumonia 葡萄球菌肺炎Mycoplasmal pneumonia 肺炎支原体肺炎Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia pneumonia 肺炎衣原体肺炎Chlamydia pneumoniae 肺炎衣原体Viral pneumonia 病毒性肺炎Severe acute respiratory syndrome ,SARS严重急性呼吸综合征SARS-associated coronavirus,SARS-CoV SARS冠状病毒Pulmonary candidiasis 肺念珠菌病Pulmonary aspergillosis 肺曲霉病Invasive Pulmonary aspergillosis 侵袭性肺曲霉病Halo sign 晕轮征Crescent sign 新月体征Aspergilloma 曲霉肿Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ,ABPA 变应性支气管肺曲霉病Pulmonary cryptococcosis 肺隐球菌病Pneumocystis 肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ,PC 卡氏肺囊虫肺炎Lung abscess 肺脓肿Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张症Pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核Purified protein derivative,PPD 纯蛋白衍化物Isoniazid,INH,H 异烟肼Rifampicin,RFP,R 利福平Rifapentine,RFT 利福喷丁Pyrazinatnide,PZA,Z 吡嗪酰胺Ethambutol,EMB,E 乙胺丁醇Streptomycin,SM,S 链霉素Multidrug resistant tuberculosis ,MDR-TB 耐多药结核病Extensive drug resistant or extreme drug resistant XDR-TB 超级耐多药结核病Chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎Aminophyllin 氨茶碱Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPDBronchial asthma 哮喘Bronchial provocation test ,BPT 支气管激发试验Bronchial dilation ,BDT支气管舒张试验Pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE 肺血栓栓塞症Pulmonary embolism ,PE 肺栓塞Deep venous thrombosis,DVT 深静脉血栓形成D-dimer D二聚体Pulmonary hypertension ,PH 肺动脉高压Cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病Chronic pulmonary heart disease 慢性肺源性心脏病Allergic granulomatosis 过敏性肉芽肿病Interstitial lung disease,ILD 间质性肺疾病Diffuse parenchymal lung disease ,DPLD 弥慢性实质性肺疾病Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia，IIP 特发性间质性肺炎Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis，IPF 特发性肺纤维化Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis，PAP 肺泡蛋白质沉积症Non-specific interstitial pneumonia，NSIP 非特异性间质性肺炎Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia 慢性嗜酸性粒细胞性肺炎Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症Extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎Sarcoidosis 结节病Granuloma-inciting factor 肉芽肿激发因子Fibroblasts growth factory ，FGF 成纤维细胞生长因子Parapneumonic diffusions 类肺炎性胸腔积液Pneumothorax 气胸Pleural bleb 胸膜下肺大疱Emphysematous bulla 肺大疱Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管癌Paraneoplastic syndrome 副癌综合症Hypertrophic pulmonaryosteoarthropathy 肥大性肺性骨关节病Transbronchial lung biopsy 经支气管镜肺活检Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome 睡眠呼吸暂停综合症Polysomnography PSG 多导睡眠图Nasal-continuous positive airway pressure CPAP 经鼻持续气道内正压通气Bilevel positive airway pressure BiPAP 双水平气道内正压Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty UPPP 颚垂软腭咽成形术Hypoventilation 通气不足Diffusion abnormality 弥散障碍Ventilation-perfusion mismatch 通气/血流比例失调Functional shunt 功能性分流Dead space-like ventilation 死腔样通气Pulmonary encephalopathy肺性脑病Carbon didioxide narxosis CO2麻醉Dyspnea 呼吸困难CHEYNE-STOKES respiration潮式呼吸Arterial blood gas analysis 动脉血气分析Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation NIPPV无创正压通气Recruitment maneuver 肺复张法Sepsis 感染中毒症Hypovolemic shock低血容量性休克Cardiogenic shock 心源性休克Distributive shock 分布性休克Obstructive shock 梗阻性休克Cardiac dysfunction 心功能不全Angiotensin 2 血管紧张素Atrial natriuretic peptide，ANP and brain natriuretic peptide，BNP 心钠肽和脑钠肽Arginine vasopressin ，A VP 精氨酸加压素Endothelin 内皮素Cardiac arrhythmia 心律失常After depolarization 后除极Sinus node recovery time，SNRT 窦房结恢复时间Sinoatrial conduction time，SACT 窦房结传导时间Sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速Sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓Sinus pause or sinus arrest 窦性停搏或窦性静止Sinoatrial block，SAB 窦房阻滞Sick sinus syndrome ，SSS，病态窦房结综合症Atrial premature beats 房性期前收缩Atrial flutter 心房扑动Atrial fibrillation 房颤Premature atrioventricular junctional beats 房室交界区性期前收缩A V junctional escape beats 房室交界区性异搏Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia ，PSVT 阵发性室上性心动过速Preexcitation syndrome 预激综合征Premature ventricular beats 室性期前收缩Ventricular tachycardia 室速Torsades de pointes 尖端扭转Ventricular flutter and ventricular fibrillation 心室扑动与颤动Atrioventricular block 房室传导阻滞Intraventricular block 室内传导阻滞Right bundle branch block ，RBBB 右束支阻滞Radiofrequency energy 射频电能Cardiac arrest 心脏骤停Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ，CPR 心肺复苏Congenital cardiovascular disease 先天性心血管病Atrial septal defect ，ASD 房间隔缺损Ventricular septal defect ,VSD室间隔缺损Patent ductus arteriosus ，PDA 动脉导管未闭Congenital bicuspid aortic valve 先天性二叶主动脉瓣Congenital coarctation of the aorta 先天性主动脉瓣缩窄Congenital pulmonary valve stenosis 先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄Congenital aortic sinus aneurysm 先天性主动脉窦动脉瘤Congenital tetralogy of fallot 先天性法洛四联症Insulin resistance 胰岛素抵抗Sodium nitroprusside 硝普钠Nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油Atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化Low density lipoprotein，LDL 低密度脂蛋白Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Ischemic heart disease 缺血性心脏病Acute coronary syndrome ACS 急性冠脉综合征Stable angina pectoris 稳定型心绞痛Myocardial infarction，MI 心肌梗死Cardiac aneurysm 心室壁瘤Ischemic cardiomyopathy 缺血性心肌病Valvular heart disease 心脏瓣膜病Rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病Mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄Mitral incompetence 二尖瓣关闭不全Aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄Aortic incompetence 主动脉瓣关闭不全Tricuspid stenosis 三尖瓣狭窄Tricuspid incompetence 三尖瓣关闭不全Pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉瓣狭窄Infective endocarditis ，IE 感染性心内膜炎Dilated cardiomyopathy ，DCM 扩张型心肌病Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy，HCM 肥厚型心肌病Restrictive cardiomyopathy ，RCM 限制型心肌病Myocarditis 心肌炎Acute pericarditis急性心包炎Aortic dissection 主动脉夹层Intermittent claudication 间歇性跛行Cardiovascular neurosis 心脏神经症Helicopter pylori，H. pylori 幽门螺旋杆菌Gastroesophageal reflux disease 胃食管反流病Lower esophageal sphincter 食管下括约肌H2 receptor antagonist H2RA H2受体拮抗剂Proton pump inhibitor PPI质子泵抑制剂Gastritis 胃炎Gastropathy 胃病Acute erosive hemorrhagic gastritis 急性糜烂出血性胃炎Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ，NSAID 非甾体抗炎药Atrophic gastritis萎缩性胃炎Acute purulent gastritis 急性化脓性胃炎Peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡Gastric ulcer GU 胃溃疡Duodenal ulcer DU十二指肠溃疡Gastric carcinoma 胃癌Endoscopic ultrasonography 超声内镜Intestinal tuberculosis 肠结核Tuberculous peritonitis 结核性腹膜炎Inflammatory bowel disease IBD 炎症性肠病Ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎Crohn’s diseaseCD克罗恩病Toxic megacolon 中毒性巨结肠Budesonine 布地奈德Cyclosorine 环孢素Colorectal carcinoma 直肠癌Functional gastrointestinal disorder 功能性胃肠病Functional dyspepsia 功能性消化不良Irritable syndrome 肠易激综合症Chronic diarrhea慢性腹泻Fatty liver disease 脂肪性肝病Alcoholic fatty liver酒精性脂肪肝Autoimmune hepatitis 自身免疫性肝病Primary biliary cirrhosis 原发性胆汁性肝硬化Hepatic cirrhosis 肝硬化Portal hyertension 门静脉高压Spontaneous bacterial peritonItis 自发性细菌性腹膜炎Hepatorenal syndrome HRS 肝肾综合症Hepatopulmonary syndrome HPS肝肺综合症Alpha fetoprotein，AFP 甲胎蛋白Porto-systemic encephalpathy，PSE 门体分流性脑病Glomerular basement membrane ，GBM 肾小球基底膜Acute golmerulonephritis 急性肾小球肾炎Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 急进性肾小球肾炎Chronic golmerulonephritis 慢性肾小球肾炎Asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria 无症状性血尿或（和）蛋白尿（隐匿性肾小球肾炎Nephritic syndrome肾病综合征Minor golmerular abnormalities 轻微性肾小球病变Focal segmental lesions 局灶性节段性病变Focal glomerulonephritis 局灶性肾小球肾炎Diffuse golmerulonephritis 弥满性肾小球肾炎Membranous nephropathy 膜性肾病Mesangial proliferative golmerulonephritis 系膜增生性肾小球肾炎Endocapillary proliferative golmerulonephritis 毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis 系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎Crescentic and necrotizing golmerulonephritis 新月体性和坏死性肾小球肾炎Sclerosing glomerulonephritis 硬化性肾小球肾炎IgA nephropathy IgA肾病Acute interstitial nephritis ，AIN 急性间质性肾炎Urinary tract infection ，UTI 尿路感染Intravenous pyelography ，IVP 静脉肾盂造影Renal artery stenosis 肾动脉狭窄Renal vascular hypertension 肾血管性高血压Hypertensive nephrosclerosis 高血压肾硬化症Benign arteriolar nephrosclerosis 良性小动脉性肾硬化症Malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis 恶性小动脉性肾硬化症Acute renal failure ，ARF 急性肾衰竭Acute tubular necrosis ，ATN 急性肾小管坏死Uremic toxins 尿毒症毒素Stem cell 干细胞Totipotent 全能的Fertilized egg 受精卵Hematology血液病学Anemia 贫血Aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血Iron deficient anemia 缺铁性贫血Megaloblstic anemia MA 巨幼细胞贫血Hemolytic anemia 溶血性贫血Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿Leukopenia 白细胞减少Neutropenia 中性粒细胞减少Agranulocytosis 粒细胞缺乏症Myelodysplastic syndroms骨髓增生异常综合症Acute lymphoblastic leukemia急性淋巴细胞性白血病Acute myetoid leukemia 急性白血病Lymphoma 淋巴瘤Hodgkin lymphoma霍奇金淋巴瘤Malignant lymphoma恶性淋巴瘤Multiple myeloma 多发性骨髓瘤Hypersplenism 脾功能亢进Allergic purpura过敏性紫癜Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ITP特发性血小板减少性紫癜Hemolytic uremic syndrome 溶血尿毒综合症Hemophilia 血友病Dissenminated intravascular coagulation弥散性血管内凝血Thromboembolism 血栓栓塞Gigantism 巨人症Acromegaly 肢端肥大症Growth hormone deficiency dwarfism ，GHD 生长激素缺乏性侏儒症Pituitary dwarfism 垂体性侏儒症Diabetes insipidus ,DI 尿崩症Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion ，SIADH 抗利尿激素分泌失调综合症Simple Goiter 单纯性甲状腺肿Nontoxic goiter 非毒性甲状腺肿Endemic goiter 地方性甲状腺肿Iodine deficiency disorders ，IDD 碘缺乏病Thyrotoxicosis 甲状腺毒症Hyperthyroidism 甲亢Thyroid crisis 甲状腺危象Apathetic hyperthyroidism 淡漠型甲亢Hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退症Primary hypothyroidism 原发性甲减Subacute thyroiditis 亚急性甲状腺炎Autoimmune thyroiditis ，AIT 自身免疫甲状腺炎Hashimoto thyroiditis ，HT 桥本甲状腺炎Thyroid nodule 甲状腺结节Primary aldosteronism 原发性醛固酮增多症Chronic adrenocortical hypofunction 原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症Pheochromocytoma 嗜铬细胞瘤Hyperparathyroidism 甲旁亢Hypoparathyroidism 甲旁减Multiple endocrine neoplasia ，MEN 多发性内分泌腺瘤病Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病Metformin 二甲双胍Regular insulin 普通胰岛素Diabetic ketoacidosis ，DKA 糖尿病酮症酸中毒Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar status ，HHS 高血糖高渗状态Hypoglycemia 低血糖症Insulinoma 胰岛素瘤Dyslipidemia 血脂异常Chylomicron，CM 乳糜微粒Apoproein 载脂蛋白Very-low-density lipoprotein ，VLDL 极低密度脂蛋白Obesity 肥胖症Metabolic syndrome ，MS 代谢综合征Hyponatremia 低钠血症Water intoxication 水中毒Hypokalemia 低钾血症Potassium depletion 钾缺乏症Standard bicarbonate ，SB 标准碳酸氢盐Buffer base ，BB 缓冲碱Base excess ，BE 碱剩余Anion gap ，AG 阴离子间隙Hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症Gout 痛风Tophi 痛风石Osteoporosis ，OP 骨质疏松症Rheumatic diseases 风湿性疾病connective tissue disease ，CTD 结缔组织病rheumatoid factory，RF 类风湿因子nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs，NSAID 非甾体抗炎药rheumatoid arthritis ，RA 类风湿关节炎glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素systemic lupus erythematosus ，SLE 系统性红斑狼疮lupus nephritis ，LN 狼疮肾炎ankylosing spondylitis ，AS 强直性脊柱炎vasculitides 血管炎takayasu arteritis，TA 大动脉炎idiopathic inflammatory myositis，IIM 特发性炎症性肌病systemic sclerosis ，SSC 系统性硬化病osteoarthritis ，OA 骨关节炎diseases of high altitude 高原病abstinence syndrome 戒断综合征。
神经内科专业英语
神经内科专业英语As a neurologist, my job is to diagnose and treat disorders of the nervous system. This includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. I see patients with a wide range of conditions, from headaches and epilepsy to Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis.作为一名神经内科医生，我的工作是诊断和治疗神经系统的疾病。
这包括大脑、脊髓和周围神经。
我接诊的患者患有各种疾病，从头痛和癫痫到帕金森病和多发性硬化症。
In order to become a neurologist, I completed medical school and then did a residency in neurology. This involved several years of specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. I also continue to stay updated on the latest research and treatment optionsthrough continuing medical education and attending conferences.为了成为一名神经内科医生，我完成了医学院的学习，然后进行了神经内科的住院医师培训。
这包括数年的专业培训，学习神经疾病的诊断和治疗。
我还通过继续医学教育和参加会议，不断更新最新的研究和治疗选择。
When a patient comes to see me, I start by taking a thorough medical history and performing a physical exam. Depending on the symptoms, I may also order tests such as MRI or CT scans to get a better look at the patient's brain or spinal cord. Once a diagnosis is made, I work with the patient to develop a treatment plan that may include medication, physical therapy, or other interventions.当患者来找我看病时，我首先进行详细的病史记录和体格检查。
呼吸内科专业英语
呼吸科英语Bronｃhial ａｓthma 支气管哮喘aｃｉdｏｓｉs酸中毒Allergen，alｌｅｒgiｃreaｃtｉon 变异原,变态反应ｂlooｄgas analysis 血气分析Ａnaemia 贫血Alvｅolar肺泡得aｎtibｉotiｃ抗生素Atelectａsis 肺不张Lung ａbscｅss 肺脓肿Athroscｌerotｉc heａrｔdiseａｓｅ动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Ｂetａ２-agonｉst B2受体激动剂Allｅrgiｃbｒｏnchopulmonary asｐeｒgｉlｌosis 曲霉菌ARDS acｕｔe ｒesｐｉrａtory ｄistreｓs ｓyndｒoｍe 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussioｎand aｕｓcultatiｏn 叩／听诊Ｐｕlmｏｎary arteｒial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glｕcocｏrtｉcｏid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiｏpｓy活检Ｂrｏnchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber oｐtiｃbｒonchｏscoｐic ｂioｐsy 纤支镜活检BAL bｒonchoａlｖｅolar lａvaｇｅ支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis，brｏnchiolitｉｓ支气管炎,细支气管炎Boop：bｒoｎchioliｔｉs obliterans witｈorｇanｉｚingｐｎeuｎomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Brｏｎｃhoｓcｏｐy 支气管镜检查CＣＡHD ｃoronarｙarteriosclｅｒotiｃｈearｔdiseasｅ冠心病ＣＰR cardｉoｐｕlmonaｒy resｕsciｔation 心肺复苏CDILD cｈrｏｎic diffuse inｔeｒstitiaｌlｕng dｉｓeasｅ慢性间质性肺病COPＤchｒｏniｃobsｔruｃｔivｅpulｍoｎaｒy diｓeasｅ慢阻肺Ｃｌuｂｂedｆｉngeｒ杵状指dｒy couｇｈ干咳Cyａnosiｓ紫绀Nｏnproductiｖeｃough干咳plicaｔion 并发症DDｙsｐnea 呼吸困难Differential diaｇnoｓｉｓ鉴别诊断Disｃｈarｇe dｉａgnoｓｉs 出院诊断EEｍｐhysemａ肺气肿pulmonａry embｏliｓm 肺栓塞Aciｄbasｅeqｕolｉbｒium 酸碱平衡etｉolｏgｙ病因学Emｐhｙｓemａｔous肺大泡Exｐecｔoratｉon 吐痰Exacｅｒbａtｉon 加重Enｄogenous内生得Exogenouｓ外生得FIｎterstitial pｕlmonary fibrｏsis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ ＧrａｍstaiｎposiｔiveGm—Ｇraｍstain negatｉｖeHHｙpersｅnsiｔｉｖity pneumoniａ过敏性肺炎Hemｏｇlｏbｉn 血红蛋白Ｈemopｔｙsｉs 咯血Hｅｍorrhaｇe 出血ＨＲCＴhigｈ–reｓolution puterizeｄｔomography 高分辨CT Hｉstology 组织学Hｙpｏxia 缺氧IIdioｐａthic inｔeｒｓtitial pneumoｎｉa 特发间质性肺炎Ｉntraｔracheaｌ气管内得Intravenous 静脉内得NNｏnｉnvasｉve vｅntilａｔioｎ无创机械通气OＯSAＳobｓｔrｕcｔｉve slｅep apneａsｙnｄromｅ阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征ＰPｕｌmonary secoｎd ｓounｄ肺动脉瓣第二心音Pｎeuｍonia 肺炎Pnｅｕmothoraｘ气胸PTE ｐulmｏｎary ｔｈrｏmboembｏｌiｓm肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilatiｏn/perｆusiｏｎratio通气血流比Ｐleurａ胸腔积液Pｒｉｍａｒｙbrｏｎchogenｉc cａrcinｏma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Proｖｏｃaｔiｏn test激发试验Parｅnｃhｙmaｌ实质得（insｔeｒsｔiａl间质得）Ｐlｕｍonary edemａ肺水肿Ｌｏbaｒpneumonia 大叶性肺炎2/３Lobulａr ｐneuｍonｉa小叶性肺炎RMoist rａlｅｓ湿罗音Drｙraｌeｓ干罗音SSaO2 ｓａturationｉn ａｒｔeriａｌｂlood 动脉血氧饱与度Ｓhoｒt of breatｈ气短Syncｏpe 晕厥Saｒcoｉdosiｓ结节病Segment 段ＴTubeｒｃuloｓｉs 结核病Tａchypｎea气促Thromboｓiｓ血栓TBLBｔraｎｓbrｏncｈial lung ｂiosｙ经支气管肺活检Thoｒａcosｃopy胸腔镜检查ＵUｐper resｐirａｔｏｒy traｃt ｉnfectioｎ上呼吸道感染WWｈeｅze 哮鸣音其她faｃilitating sputum eｘpecｔｏraｔion 排痰rｅlease of bronｃｈiaｌspasm 解痉细菌ｓteptocoｃcｕs ｐneｕmoiae肺炎链球菌staphyloｃoccus 葡萄球菌ｌegｉｏnellａ军团菌mycｏplasma 支原体chlａmydia衣原体pneｕmocoｃcus 肺炎球菌vidｅo—aｓｓisted thorａcoｓcoｐｉc—guｉｄｅd[θɔ'ｒækəskəup］胸腔镜lung bioｐｓy opｅn lｕng ｂioｐｓyｐleｕrａｌbｉopsyｂiopsy of enlargｅdｌymph nodeｓD－Dimeｒselectroｃardiograｍ(EＣＧ)心电图echocardioｇraｍ超声心动图V／Ｑisｏｔope[’aｉｓəuｔəup] 同位素scan( ventilａtion/perｆusion scanning）spｉral螺旋CＴ/MRA （MagnetiｃＲesonaｎｃe Anｇiｏgraｐhy［,æｎdʒi'ɔɡrəfi］血管造影术）pulmｏｎaｒy angｉoｇraphyDｏpplｅｒ［’dɔplə］多普勒USS ｔｈigh［θai］大腿aｎd ｐeｌvis［'pelvis］骨盆(USS: ｕlｔrasounｄｓcanｎiｎg）ｃａrdｉaｃmoｎitorPSG( pｏlｙsｏmmｏgraｐhy）常见得病名ｄiseasesａcute ｕpperｒｅspirａｔｏry ｔｒaｃt inｆection 急性上呼吸道感染mon coｌｄ普通感冒infｌuｅnza流感[,infｌu’enｚə]pｈaｒyniｇitis 咽炎pｈaryngａｌgia[færin＇ｇæｌdʒiə］咽痛acｕtｅbｒonｃho-ｂｒoｎcｈiｔiｓ急性气管-支气管炎4/１４ｐneumonia肺炎ｍuｎiｔｙaｃqｕiｒed ｐｎeuｍoｎｉａ(CＡP）社区获得性肺炎hｏsｐital acquirｅd pnｅumonｉa （HＡＰ）医院获得性肺炎ｎosoｉcaｌｐｎeumonia (ＮP）医院内肺炎brｏnｃhieｃtasis 支气管扩张ｃhｏｒnic ｂrｏｎｃhitｉs慢性支气管炎ｐulmonａry ｅｍphysema 肺气肿chｒoｎic obstｒuctiｖe pulmonaｒy dｉｓeａsｅ（acｕte exaｃerbａtｉｎｇ) ＡECOPD COPD急性发作bｒｏnchiａl asthma 支气管哮喘allｅｒgic rｈinｉtis［rai＇naitis］过敏性鼻炎respiratory faｉｌure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess肺脓肿pulmonaｒｙｔｕbeｒculosis 肺结核病ｌunｇcancer：肺癌ｐrimaｒy broｎchｏgenic carcｉnoma 原发性支气管肺癌sｑｕamｏus［＇sｋwｅiməｓ］ceｌｌcａrcinoma鳞癌adenoｃarcinｏｍa 腺癌［＇ædəｎəu，kɑ：si’ｎəｕmə］bronchｏａlｖｅolar cｅｌlｃarcｉnoｍa 支气管肺泡细胞癌ｓmallｃｅlｌlunｇｃａｒｃinoma (SＣLC）小细胞肺癌pulmｏnary ｍｅtａｓｔaｓｉs 肺转移瘤［mə'tæstəsｉs］ｐｕlmonary emｂolism (ＰE）肺栓塞pulmonaｒy tｈrｏmboembｏlisｍ(PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症[，θrɔmbəｕ’embəlizəm] puｌmonary infarｃtioｎ肺梗死deｅp ｖeｎous tｈrombosｉs ，DＶT 深静脉血栓形成emｐｙemａ脓胸[,empai'ｉ：mə］ｐneumothorａｘ气胸pyopneｕｍotｈoraｘ脓气胸［’paｉəu,nju:məu’θɔ:ｒæks]chrｏnic sｕppurａtive diｓｅase 慢性化脓性疾病[’sʌpjuərətiv，-reｉtｉv］ｃongenｉtaｌｃyanｏｔic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病[，saiə'ｎɔtik]ｃｏr pｕlmonaｌe 肺源性心脏病［’kɔ:，pumə’næli］pulmonary hyｐｅrtension 肺动脉高压pulｍonaｒy encｅphａｌopaｔｈy 肺性脑病［en，sefə'lɔpəθi］riｇht hｅart faｉlurｅ；rigｈt—sｉdｅd heａrt faｉlｕrｅ右心衰竭ｐｕlmｏｎary ｖａｓculａｒｄｉseaｓes肺血管疾病iｎterstitiaｌlung disｅasｅ, IＬD弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiｏpathic pulmonａrｙfibｒosｉs, IＰF特发性肺纤维化［,idｉə'pæθｉｋ］crｙptogenic[，ｋｒipｔəｕ＇ｄʒｅnik］隐源性得fiｂｒｏsing alvｅoｌitｉs,CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎coｎnective ｔisｓue relａteｄｌung ｄiseaseｓ结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemｉc ｌupｕs[＇lju：pəｓ］狼疮ｅryｔhｅmatｏsus，SLＥ系统性红斑狼疮derｍatomyｏsiｔｉs 皮肌炎ｓａｒｃoidｏsis 结节病[,sɑ:kɔi’dəｕsｉs］Ｐulmｏnary alveｏｌarｐroteinosｉｓ[，prəｕtii＇nəuｓｉs］,PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Iｄiopatｈic pulmoｎary hemosiｄeｒosis ［'ｈi:məu，ｓidə'ｒəｕsｉs，，ｈem—］特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Laｎgerｈａns ｃell graｎｕlomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病[’ɡrænjｕ，ləumə'təｕsｉs］Eｏsinopｈilicｇｒａnuloｍa 嗜酸性肉芽肿[，i:əｓinə＇filik]Hisｔiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XＷeｇｅner granｕlｏｍatosis Weｇener肉芽肿eｘtrinsic ａllergic alｖｅolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneｕmoconｉosis 尘肺[’nju：mə,kəuｎi＇əusis］dｒuｇ—inｄuced luｎg disease 药物性肺病aｓｐｅrｇiｌlosiｓ[æ，spə:dʒi’ləusis］曲菌病:alｌｅrｇｉc bronchopuｌmｏｎary asperg ｉｌlosiｓ（ＡBPＡ）pleuraｌdｉsease胸膜疾病ｂronｃhｏ—pｌｅural fisｔｕla支气管胸膜瘘［'fistjuｌə]oral candｉｄiasiｓ口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮［，kændｉ’dａｉəsｉs］oｓtｅoporoｔic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaｕa青光眼cataract白内障ａｃute luｎg injuｒｙ，ALI 急性肺损伤acute resｐiratoｒy distｒess syndｒｏｍe ,ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征ｕrｔiｃaria荨麻疹ｅczeｍａ湿疹hyｐｅｒｔensioｎ高血压ｄｉabetes 糖尿病be ａdmiｎｉsｔerｅd，treａｔｓb、wiｔh emｐirｉｃａl经验性得，prophｙlａcｔic[，ｐｒɔfi'lækｔik，，prəu—］预防性, remedial[ｒi＇ｍi:ｄｉəｌ］治疗性Ｅxpectoraｎｔ祛痰药[ｅks'ｐekｔərənt］Ｍｕcolytｉcs 粘液溶解剂［，ｍju:kəu’litｉk］常用得药物drｕg ｓoｒaｇentsbroｎｃhoｄilaｔoｒ支气管扩张剂［，ｂrɔŋkəudaｉ’ｌeｉtə]B2-agonistｓ［'æɡəｎiｓｔ］兴奋剂：shoｒt－acｔing ：salｂｕtaｍol沙丁胺醇［sæl＇ｂju:təmɔ（:)ｌ］long－actinｇ: sａlmｅｔeroｌ沙美特罗mｕscarinic[,mʌskə'rinik] 毒蕈碱样得aｎtａgonｉsｔs［æｎ’tæɡəniｓt]对抗剂:ipratｒopi ｕm bromiｄe['bｒəumaiｄ] 异丙托溴胺aｍiｎｏｐhylliｎe 氨茶碱［ə，mi：nəu'fili:n］ｓterｏidｓ［’ｓtiərɔid]类固醇iｎhalｅｄ：budesｏnｉde 布地奈ｐo(ｐeｒ德, os）、，beclometｈａsone［，ｂｅkｌəｕ’meθəsəuｎ］倍氯米松,ｆlｕｔicａｓone氟替卡松ｓｙstemｉc:prednｉsolone［＇preｄ＇nｉsəｌəun］强得松hyｄrocｏｒｔisｏnｅ[,haidrəu＇kɔ：tiｚəun] 氢化可得松ｉv、mast cell sｔabilｉzｅrｓ：cromｏglycateｓodium色甘酸钠leｕkoｔｒｉｅｎe[，lｊu：ｋəu’traiən]白三烯reｃeｐtor aｎｔａgoｎiｓｔs：ｍontelｕｋaｓt孟鲁司特respiraｔoｒy sｔiｍｕlanｔs：lobeline6／14nikethamidｅ[ni＇ｋeθəmaid, －mｉd]尼可刹米cardｉaｃtｏnｉｃ强心剂ｄiurｅｔiｃs 利尿剂［,dａiｊuə’ｒｅｔik］ａlbumiｎ白蛋白[’æｌbjumin］ａntｉtuｓsive agｅnｔｓ镇咳药[,ænti’tʌsiv］aｍｍonium chlｏride氯化铵[ə’ｍəunjəm］铵［’klɔ:ｒaid]氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索(ｍucosolvaｎ沐舒坦)Paｎtｏlｏｃ潘妥洛克常用得治疗措施lｏｗｏr hiｇh flow oxygen：nasａl ｃａnnuｌae［'kænjｕli:］鼻导管，Venturｉ[veｎ'tj ｕəｒi]文里氏ｆａｃｅ-mask nebuliｚer［’ｎebｊｕlａｉｚə］喷雾器：fｉnｅr parｔicｌe ｓize （3to ２0um）ａｌlｏwｓtracheｏbronｃhial ｄｅpositionmeｔｅred doｓe ｉnhaler (ＭDI）定量雾化吸入器via iｎtｕｂatｉon[，inｔｊu：’bｅiʃən］插管,ｔrａcｈeｏｓtomy［,ｔræki'ɔstəmi，，trei-］气管造口术，tｒacheoｔomy[,ｔræki’ɔｔəmi, ，tｒei—]气管切开术）sｙnchroｎizｅd intermitｔｅｎｔmandatｏｒy vｅｎtｉlatｉon,SIMV 同步间歇指令通气preｓsurｅsuppｏｒt ventilatｉon，PＳV压力支持通气thoracｏｃeｎtｅｓis 胸腔穿刺术［，θɔ：rəkəseｎ’tesiｓ］chｅsｔdraiｎ／ｄrainａge 引流术ｃhemotherａｐy 化疗raｄiatioｎtheｒapy 放疗pnｅumoneｃtomy 肺切除术［，ｎｊｕ：məu'ｎeｋｔəmi]lobeｃtoｍy ｏf lｕng，ｐuｌmonaryｌobectomy肺叶切除术［ｌəｕ＇bekｔəmi］叶切除术thoracｏtoｍy 开胸术，胸廓切开术[，θɔ:rə＇ｋɔtəmi］plｅurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurｅctomy胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thrｏmboendarｔｅreｃtomｙ血栓动脉内膜切除术inｆerior vena cava ｆiltｅr下腔静脉过滤器cysｔic['ｓistｉk］囊性得/variｃｏｓe［'væriｋəuｓ］曲张样/ｃyclindｒｉcal柱状-trａｍ－ｔraｃｋs轨道样hｅmoptyｓisｄeｖｉatioｎ：traｃhea ａｎd apex [＇eipeks]尖端ｓhift contralaterａlly对立得旁边ＣＸR: tｒanslucｅnｃｙ[trænz’lｊu:səｎsi] 半透明＋ｃolｌapse倒塌：visible rim边缘ｒefraｃtoｒy or reｃｕｒrent周期性得：plｅurodesｉｓ胸膜固定术，pｌeuｒectｏmy［ｐlｕ’rektəmi]胸膜切除术，ｂｕllａ['bulə］大疱sｔapling装订or laｓeriｎg激光常用得化疗药９/14cisｐlatｉｎ顺铂Geｍcｉtａｂine吉西她滨：Ｇｅmｚar(盐酸吉西她滨注射剂) pａclitａxel; ｔaxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）ｄocｅｔaxel多西她赛(泰素帝) 常见得抗生素beｔa-lacｔａm antiｂiotics: ｉnｈｉbiｔｃｅll wall synｔhesｉｓpｅｎｉｃｉlliｎｓkin tｅstamoxｉcilｌｉｎ阿莫西林piperacilｌin/ｔａzobactａm sｏｄiｕm 哌拉西林/她唑巴坦钠ticarcilliｎ／cｌａvulａｎａｔe potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾ｃepｈamycin头孢菌素类ｃefradiｎｅ头孢拉啶cｅｆacloｒ头孢克洛ｃefoperａzone/sulbａctａm 头孢哌酮／舒巴坦ceｆtｒｉａxone头孢曲松cefpiraｍide 头孢吡啶cｅftazｉdｉme 头孢她定cefｔｉzoxime头孢唑污cａrbｏpeneｍs碳青霉烯类azacｔａm氨曲南meｒopｅnem美罗培南ｉmiｐｅneｍａnｄｓodiuｍciｌａｓｔａtｉn 亚胺培南/西司她丁钠（泰能tｉenａm）Gｌｙｃopeptｉdeｓ糖肽类ｉｎhibit cell walｌassembly ｖanyｃin万古霉素ｎorvanｙcｉｎ去甲万古霉素teicoplａniｎ替考拉林Macrｏｌidｅs大环内酯类: inｈiｂit pｒoｔｅin ｓynthesiｓroxithrｏmｙcin 罗红霉素ｃlａriｔｈromycin克拉霉素aｚｉthｒomyciｎ阿奇霉素erythｒomycin 红霉素Aminogｌycｏｓｉdｅantibiotics：氨基糖苷类ｒenｏ- ａnｄｏtotｏxiｃiｎhibiｔｉnitiａtion aｎd ｅlｏnｇａtion proｃess during prｏtｅin syｎthｅｓisａmikacin阿米卡星（丁胺卡那)ｇｅntamicin 庆大霉素stｒepｔoｍyｃin链霉素Ｓｕlfamiｄｏ磺胺类sｕlｆamｅthoｘazolｅpoｕｎｄ(ＳMZ、CO）Qｕinoloneｓ喹诺酮类：inhibｉtＤNA gｙrａｓｅnorfloｘaｃin 诺氟沙星ｏfｌoｘacin 氧氟沙星levｏfloｘａｃin 左氧氟沙星ｇaｔiflｏｘacin 加替沙星moxifｌoxacin 莫西沙星cｉｐroｆｌoｘacin 环丙沙星Tｅｔｒacycｌine 四环素类minｏcyｃｌiｎｅ美满霉素Nitromidａzole 硝基咪唑类ｍet ｒoniｄazole 甲硝唑tｉniｄａzole替硝唑ornidazｏｌe 奥硝唑Ａntitubeｒculａr agents抗结核药rｉfａmｐicin利福平ｒifapｅnｔｉne 利福喷丁isonｉaziｄe, isonicotinic ｈｙｄraziｄe aｃid IＮH 异烟肼pyraｚinaｍidｅ吡嗪酰胺ethaｍbuｔoｌ乙胺丁醇Antifuｎgal/anｔimｙcotｉc drug 抗真菌药nyｓｔatin 制霉菌素ａmphoterｉcin 两性霉素Ｂfluｃｏｎaｚolｅ氟康唑vorｉconazoｌe 伏立康唑itraｃｏｎazｏle 伊曲康唑Ａntivirｕs ａgeｎtｓribaviriｎ利巴韦林oseltａmivir 奥司她韦acycloｖｉｒ阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦vａｌaｃiｃｌovｉｒ伐昔洛韦foscarnet soｄiｕm，phosphonｏｆoｒｍｉcａcｉd膦甲酸钠（可耐）lａmiｖudiｎe 拉米夫定ｅnｔｅcaｖｉr 恩替卡韦常见得病原微生物ｍｉcｒoorganｉsm, mｉcrobe 微生物bacteriｕｍ细菌liｐopoｌyｓacｃhariｄe （LPS)脂多糖antiｂioｔics 抗生素ｐyｒogｅn 致热原eｘotoｘin 外毒素endotｏxin 内毒素Gｒam ｓtain 革兰染色Colonyｆoｒmｉng unit，CFU 集落形成单位aｎtiｂacterial agents 抗菌药reｓｉstance 耐药性ESBＬs：extendｅd ｓpectｒuｍB-ｌａctamaseｓ超光谱B内酰胺酶ＭRSＡ: methiｃiｌlｉn-rｅsistant ｓtａphｙlococcｕs ａｕreus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bactereｍia菌血症toxemia 毒血症1１/14ｅｎdｏｔoｘemia 内毒素血症ｓepticａｅmia 败血症pyemiａ脓毒血症pathoｇen 致病原pathｏgｅｎicitｙ致病性ｖirｕlｅnce 毒力medｉan lethal dose （ＬＤ５０）半数致死量mediａn ｉnｆectiｖeｄosｅ（ID50）半数感染量vｉruｓ病毒reｐliｃation 复制vｉremｉa 病毒血症nｏｒmal micrｏbiｏta，mｉcroflorａ,norｍａｌｆloｒa, physioloｇiｃalｍｉcrobiota 正常微生物群fｌｏra dｉseｑuｉｌｉbｒium 菌群失调ｄｙsbacteriosis 菌群失调症opｐｏrtunｉstic infeｃtｉoｎ机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染enｄogｅnous iｎfection内源性感染ｅxoｇeｎous infectｉon外源性感染aｎｔimｉcroｂiａl susceptiｂiliｔｙtｅｓｔｉng 药物敏感试验miｎimuｍinｈibitoryｃoｎcenｔraｔioｎ(MIC）最小抑菌浓度minimum bacterｉｃiｄalｃoncentration （MＢＣ）最小杀菌浓度disiｎfectｉoｎ消毒sｔerilｉzatioｎ灭菌asepｓis 无菌asepｔic teｃｈｎiquｅ无菌技术baｃteriostasis 抑菌ａntisepsis防腐disinfeｃtａnｔ消毒剂baｃｔeriostatiｃａgenｔ抑菌剂bacｔericide 杀菌剂autocｌaving or ｓｔｅａm ｕｎder pｒesｓure ｓtｅrilｉzation 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviｏｌｅt rａdiａtion,UV 紫外线isolatｉｏｎpｒecautｉon 隔离预防artｉｆicial acｔive immｕniｚatiｏn 人工主动免疫vaccination疫苗接种kｉllｅd/iｎactivaｔｅd vaccｉnｅ死/灭活疫苗attentｕated lｉvｅvaｃciｎe减毒活疫苗ｔoxｏid 类毒素aｒtｉficiａｌpａssive iｍmuniｔy人工被动免疫anｔitoｘin 抗毒素gaｍmａglｏbｕlin丙种球蛋白Ｓtapｈｙlocoｃｃuｓａureus金黄色葡萄球菌Coaguｌａse－ｎegative sｔaphylococｃｉ凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Ｓｔａphylococcusｅpideｒmidiｓ表皮葡萄球菌12／14Sｔrepｔｏcｏccuｓpnｅumoniae ，pｎｅumococｃuｓ肺炎链球菌Virｉdansｓtrepｔoｃocci 草绿色链球菌Eschｅｒichia ｃｏli大肠埃希菌Ｋlebsiｅlla pneumｏniａｅ肺炎克雷伯菌Pseｕdｏｍｏnas aｅｒugiｎosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophiluｓｉnｆluｅnzae流感嗜血杆菌Lｅgｉｏnella军团杆菌属Enterｏbaｃter cｌoacａe 阴沟肠杆菌Serｒａtia 沙雷菌属Proｔｅus vｕlgａris 普通变形杆菌Acineｂａcter 不动杆菌属Ｎeisseｒｉa meningｉｔis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria goｎorｒhoeae，gonocｏcｃｕｓ淋病奈瑟菌Shigｅllａ, dyseｎtｅry bacｔerium 痢疾杆菌Ｓaｌmoneｌlａｔyphｉ伤寒沙门菌Ｖiｂｒiｏcholｅrae 霍乱弧菌Helｉｃoｂａｃteｒｐylori幽门螺杆菌Ｃaｍpylｏbaｃteｒjｅjｕnｉ空肠弯曲菌Mycobａcteｒium,ａｃid-ｆaｓｔbａcilli 分枝杆菌属,抗酸杆菌Mycoｂａcteriｕｍｔuｂercｕlｏsiｓ,tuberclｅｂacillus结核分枝杆菌Pｕｒifｉed protein dｅriｖaｔｅ, ＰPＤOld tｕbｅrculin,OＴＡtypical mycobacｔeria 非结核分枝杆菌Ｍyｃobacteｒiuｍleprae 麻风分枝杆菌Ａnaeｒｏbiｃbacｔeｒial 厌氧性细菌Ｃlosｔｒidｉｕm teｔaｎi 破伤风梭菌Cｌｏｓtridum perfrinｇeｎs产气荚膜梭菌Clｏstridｕm boｔuｌｉnum 肉毒梭菌Cloｓtｒｉduｍｄｉfｆｉcilｅ艰难梭菌antiｂｉotiｃ—aｓsociatedｄiarrhea抗生素相关性腹泻pseuｄomemｂｒanous cｏlitis 假膜性结肠炎Coｒynebacteriｕm diphtheriaｅ白喉棒状杆菌Yｅrsｉniａ耶尔森菌属Brucella布氏菌属Acｔinoｍycｅs 放线菌属Treponeｍa ｐallidｕｍ梅毒螺旋体(苍白密螺旋体）Veｎereaｌdｉseaseｒｅferencｅｌaboｒaｔory（VDＲL)Rapｉｄplasma regaｉn （RＰR)Ｍycopｌａｓma pneuｍoniae肺炎支原体Chlａmｙｄia tracｈomatis沙眼衣原体Vｉruｓｅｓaｓsoｃｉａted wｉth ｒeｓpｉratoryｉｎfectｉoｎs呼吸道病毒Iｎｆｌuenzaｖiruｓ流感病毒Parainfｌｕｅnza virｕs 副流感病毒Respiraｔｏrｙsynｃytial vｉruｓ，RＳV 呼吸道合胞病毒13/１4Cｏｒonａｖirｕs 冠状病毒Seｖere acｕte rｅspｉｒａtory syndrｏｍｅ, SＡRSＡｄｅｎｏｖirus 腺病毒Rｕbellａviｒuｓ风疹病毒Rhinovｉrｕs鼻病毒Enｔerovｉｒｕｓ肠道病毒Rotａvirus 轮状病毒hepatｉtｉs Ｂｖirus 乙型肝炎病毒Ｅnｃephaｌitis Ｂvirｕs流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantａvｉrus 汉坦病毒Vｉral heｍoｒｒｈagic ｆｅver 病毒性出血热Ｈerｐｅs simplex virｕs，ＨSV 单纯疱疹病毒Vaｒｉｃeｌla-Ｚosｔeｒｖiｒus,VZV水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cyｔomegalｏvirus，CMＶ巨细胞病毒Epstein—Bａrr ｖiｒｕｓ，EBＶＥB病毒Hｕman herｐeｓvｉrus ６，HHV-6人疱疹病毒６型Humａn papillomａｖiruses，ＨＰV 人乳头状瘤病毒Huｍａｎimmunodeｆiｃｉency virus,HIV人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquｉｒeｄimmｕnodeficieｎcy syndroｍe，AIDSHuｍan Ｔ－lｙmphotropｉcｖiｒuｓ，ＨTLV人T淋巴细胞病毒Aｄult T—cell ｌｅukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Ｒａbies viｒｕs 风疹病毒Funｇuｓ真菌Ｙeast酵母Spore 孢子Hypｈa 菌丝Dermaｔｏphytes 皮肤癣菌Trｉchopｈｙｔoｎ毛癣菌属Eｐiderｍophyｔon 表皮癣菌属Tiｎｅａ癣Histopｌaｓｍa 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosｉs组织胞浆菌病Ｓaccharｏｍｙｃes albicaｎs，candiｄａaｌbｉcans 白假丝酵母菌,白色念珠菌Caｎdｉdiasis 念珠菌病Crｙptocoｃcus nｅoforｍans 新生隐球菌Pneｕｍocyｓtis cａrｉnii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pnｅumocystｉｓcａrinii pneｕmｏnia,ＰCＰ卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Ａsperｇillus 曲霉菌Mｕcor 毛霉菌属。
医学英语内科学词汇
1.呼吸系统鼻 nose鼻腔 nasal cavity/ˈneɪzəl/鼻旁窦para nasal sinus [,pærə'neizəl]喉 larynx/ˈlærɪŋks/主支气管bronchi /ˈbrɒŋkaɪ/肺 lung胸膜 pleura/ˈplʊərə/胸廓chest cast纵隔 mediastinum/ˈmiːdɪəˈstaɪnəm/气管trachea/trəˈkiːə/环状软骨 cricoid cartilage/ˈkrɪkɔɪd/ /ˈkɑːtɪlɪdʒ/甲状软骨 thyroid cartilage /ˈθaɪrɔɪd/严重急性呼吸器官综合症Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS急性上呼吸道感染acute upper respiratory tract infection /ˈrɛspərətərɪ/3.N-COUNT A tract is a system of organs and tubes in an animal's or person's body thathas a particular function, especially the function of processing a substance in the body. (体内的) 道例：Foods are broken down in the digestive tract.食物在消化道内被分解。
普通感冒common cold流行性感冒 influenza慢性支气管炎chronic bronchitis/ˈkrɒnɪk/慢性喘息性支气管炎chronic asthmatic bronchitis/æsˈmætɪk/代偿性肺气肿 compensatory emphysema/ˈɛmfɪˈsiːmə/慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD /ˈpʌlmənərɪ/阻塞性肺气肿obstructive pulmonary emphysema肺大疱 pulmonary bullae ['bʊlə]大疱性肺气肿 bullous emphysem a慢性肺源型心脏病chronic pulmonary heart disease肺性脑病 pulmonary encephalopathy /ɛnˈsɛfəˈlɒpəθɪ/∙hypertensive encephalopathy 高血压脑病; 高血压性脑病; 下血压脑病; 第四节∙uremia encephalopathy 尿毒症脑病纵隔气肿mediastinal emphysema [,mi:diæs'tainəl]戒烟 smoking cessation/sɛˈseɪʃən/过敏性肉芽肿 allergic granulmatosis /əˈlɜːdʒɪk/速尿furosemide肺动脉栓塞 pulmonary embolism肺栓塞pulmonale embolism支气管哮喘 bronchial asthma /ˈæsmə/气道高反应性airway hyper responsiveness运动性哮喘 exercise-induced asthma气道重塑 airway remodeling咳嗽变异性哮喘 cough variant asthma支气管激发试验 bronchial provocation test沙丁胺醇 salbutamol [sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l]特布他林 terbutaline沙美特罗 salmeterol布地奈德 budesonide哮喘持续状态 status asthmaticus全球性哮喘防治建议Global Initiative for Asthma， GINA支气管扩张症 bronchi ectasis /ˈbrɒŋkɪˈɛktəsɪs/异物foreign body肺容积 basal lung volume/ˈvɒljuːm/基础肺容量 basal lung capacity潮气容积tidal volume, TV补呼吸容积 expiratory reserve volume,ERV/ɪkˈspaɪərətərɪ深吸气量 inspiratory capacity,IC肺活量 vital capacity,VC功能残气量 functional residual capacity/rɪˈzɪdjʊəl/肺总量total lung capacity,TLC残气容积 residual volume,RV每分钟通气量 minute ventilation,MV [,venti'leiʃən]最大通气量maximal voluntary ventilation,MVV用力肺活量 forced vital capacity,FVC第1秒用力呼气量forced expiratory volume in 1 second，FEV1最大呼气中段流量曲线 maximal mid-expiratory flow curve,MMEF肺泡通气量 alveolar ventilation ælˈvɪələ, ˈælvɪˈəʊlə/生理无效腔 dead space ventilation最大呼气中段时间maximal mid-expiratory time最大呼气流量 peak expiratory flow,PEF通气/血流比值 ventilation/perfusion ratio弥散量 diffusing capacity闭合容积 closing volume最大呼气流量-容积曲线 maximum expiratory flow-volume curve,MEFV 静态肺顺应性static lung compliance动态肺顺应性dynamic lung compliance实际碳酸氢actual bicarbonate，AB[baɪ'kɑːbəneɪt; -nət]标准碳酸氢standard bicarbonate,SB缓冲碱 buffer bases剩余碱 bases excess血浆CO2含量 total plasma CO2 content['plæzmə]CO2结合力carbon dioxide combining power, CO2-CP阴离子间隙anion gap,AG ['ænaiən高碳酸血症后碱中毒posthypercapnic alkalosis支气管灌洗 bronchial lavage（BL）[læ'vɑ:ʒ,'lævidʒ]支气管肺泡灌洗 bronchial-alveolar lavage（BAL）[æl'viələ]呼吸衰竭respiratory failure氧气 oxygen低氧血症hypoxemia [,haipɔk'si:miə]高碳酸血症 hypercapnia[,haipə'kæpniə]高通气综合征 hyperventilation syndrome急性低氧性呼吸衰竭 acute hypoxemic respiratory failure肺泡低通气综合征 alveolar hypoventilation syndrome急性呼吸窘迫综合症acute respiratory distress syndrome ，ARDS急性肺损伤acute lung injury ，ALI限制性通气不足 restrictive hypoventilation阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome，OSA[æp'niə]肺动脉高压 pulmonary arterial hypertension呼气延长 expiratory retard [rɪ'tɑrd]气管内插管术endotracheal intubation [,endəu'treikiəl]tracheal cannula（套管、插管）['kænjulə]tracheal intubation撤离机械通气 wean from machine ventilation [wi:n]允许性高碳酸血症 permissive hypercapnia保护性肺通气策略 lung protective ventilation strategy无创正压通气 non-invasive positive pressure ventilation，NIPPV双气道正压 biphasic positive airway pressure，Bi-PAP/baɪˈfeɪzɪk/控制通气control mechanical ventilation，CMV辅助通气 assist mechanical ventilation，AMV同步、间歇强制通气 synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation，SIMV [ˈsɪŋkrəˈnaɪzd]][ɪntə'mɪt(ə)nt] ['mændətɔri]呼气末正压positive end expiratory pressure，PEEP反比通气 inverse ratio ventilation，IRV肺炎pneumonia [njuː'məʊnɪə]吸入性肺炎inhalation pneumonia[,inhə'leiʃən]大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia['ləubə]小叶性肺炎 lobular pneumonia ['lɔbjulə]社区获得性肺炎 community acquired pneumonia ，CAP医院获得性肺炎 hospital acquried pneumonia ，HAP呼吸机相关性肺炎 ventilator associated pneumonia ，VAP肺炎球菌肺炎pneumococcal pneumonia [,njuːmə'kɒkəl]肺炎链球菌肺炎streptococcus pneumonia [,streptə(ʊ)'kɒkəs]葡萄球菌肺炎staphylococcus pneumonia [,stæfɪlə(ʊ)'kɒkəs]克雷白杆菌肺炎Klebsiellar pneumonia军团菌肺炎Legionella pneumonia [,li:dʒə'nelə]支原体肺炎mycoplasmal pneumonia [,maikəu'plæzmə]衣原体肺炎 chlamydia pneumonia[klə'midiə]念珠菌病candidiasis[,kændi'daiəsis]肺脓肿lung abscess['æb'sɛs]肺曲菌病pulmonary aspergillosis[æ,spə:dʒi'ləusis]变应性支气管肺曲病 allergic bronchopulmonaryaspergillosis [,brɔŋkəu'pʌlmənəri]厌氧菌anaerobe[æ'nεərəub]胸膜粘连 pleural adhesion['plʊərəl]胸膜增厚 pleural thickening正电子发射体层成像 positron emission tomography，PET['pɔzitrɔn] [təu'mɔɡrəfi]脓胸 pyothorax， empyema [,empai'i:mə]艾滋病 acquired immune deficiency syndrome ，AIDS肺结核 pulmonary tuberculosis [tju:,bə:kju'ləusis]咯血hemoptysis [hi'mɔptisis]原发型肺结核 primary tuberculosis原发综合征primary complex血行播散型肺结核 hematogenous pulmonary tuberculosis [,hemə'tɒdʒɪnəs]慢性血行播散型肺结核 chronic disseminated tuberculosis [di'semineitid]浸润型肺结核 infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis [ɪn'fɪltrətɪv]慢性纤维空洞型肺结核chronic fibro-cavitative pulmonary tuberculosis 急性粟粒性肺结核acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosisˈmɪljərɪ/干酪样坏死 caseous necrosis['keisiəs] [nə'krəusis, ne-]结素的纯蛋白衍生物Purified Protein Derivative ，PPD旧结素old tuberculin OT异烟肼isoniazid [,aisəu'naiəzid]利福平rifampin ['rɪ'fæmpɪn]链霉素streptomycin [,streptəu'maisin]吡嗪酰胺 pyrazinamide [,pirə'zinəmaid]对氨基水杨酸钠sodium para-aminosalicylate间质性肺疾病interstitial lung disease ILD [,intə'stiʃəl]特发性肺纤维化idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF肺泡蛋白质沉积症pulmonary alveolar proteinosis PAP特发性肺含铁血黄素沉积症idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis [,idiə'pæθik]外源性变应性肺泡炎extrinsic allergic alveolitis[ek'strinsik] [æl,viə'laitis]矽肺silicosis [,sili'kəusis]结节病 sarcoidosis [,sɑ:kɔi'dəusis]尘肺 pneumoconiosis['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis]原发性支气管肺癌 primary bronchogenic carcinoma错构瘤 hamartoma [,hæmə'təumə]肺癌lung cancer自发性气胸 spontaneous pneumothorax闭合性气胸closed pneumothorax开放性气胸open pneumothorax张力性气胸tension pneumothorax [,nju:mə'θɔ:ræks]液气胸hydropneumothorax胸腔积液 pleumonia ，pleural effusion包裹性积液 interlobular effusion肺不张 atelectasis阻塞性肺不张 obstructive atelectasis [,ætə'lektəsis]钙化calcification [,kælsifi'keiʃən]渗出性病变exudation [,eksju:'deiʃən]空洞cavity纵隔 mediastinum纵隔肿瘤mediastinal tumor [,mi:diæs'tainəl]磁共振显像 magnetic resonance imaging， MRI ['rezənəns]2．循环系统动脉 artery静脉 vein毛细血管 capillary体循环 great circulation肺循环 lesser circulation ( pulmonary circulation)心底 cardiac base ['kɑ:diæk]心尖 cardiac apex ['eipeks]右心房 right atrium ['eɪtrɪəm]右心室 right ventricle左心房 left atrium左心室 left ventricle心内膜 endocardium心外膜epicardium心肌层 myocardium房间隔 interatrial septum ['septəm]室间隔 interventricular septum心传导系统 conduction system of the heart窦房结 sinoatrial node [,sainəu'etriəl]房室结 atrioventricular node房室束 atrioventricular bundle心包 pericardium脾spleen超声心动图ultrasound cardiogram['ʌltrəsaund]心力衰竭heart failure充血性心力衰竭congestive heart failure难治性心力衰竭intractable heart failure心功能障碍 cardiac dysfunction收缩功能不全性心力衰竭 Systolic insufficiency heart failure [si'stɔlik]舒张功能不全性心力衰竭 Diastolic insufficiency heart failure [,daiə'stɔlik]左室射血分数 left ventricular ejection fractor ，LVEF心室重塑 remodeling心钠素 atrial natriuretic factor，ANF [,neitrijuə'retik]脑钠素 brain natriuretic peptide，BNP ['peptaid]血管加压素(抗利尿激素) vasopressin /ˈveɪzəʊˈprɛsɪn/缓激肽bradykinin /ˈbrædɪˈkaɪnɪn,硝酸甘油nitroglycerin [,naitrə'ɡlisərin]乌拉地尔urapidil氨力农amrinone硝普钠 sodium nitroprusside [,naitrə'prusaid]节律 rhythm心律失常cardiac arrhythmia /əˈrɪðmɪə/触发活动 triggered activity后除极Afterdepolarization心室晚电位 late ventricular potential窦房结恢复时间sinus node recovery time， SNRT窦房传导时间 sinoatrial conduction time ，SACT窦性心动过缓 sinus bradycardia/ˈbrædɪˈkɑːdɪə/窦性停搏 sinus pause or sinus arrest窦性阻滞 sinoatrial block病态窦房结综合征 sick sinus syndrome固有心率 intrinsic heart rate外源性的…… extrinsic房性早搏 atrial premature beats房性心动过速 atrial tachycardia /ˈtækɪˈkɑːdɪə/自律性房性心动过速automatic atrial tachycardia折返性房性心动过速reentrant atrial tachycardia [ri:'entrənt]混乱性房性心动过速chaotic atrial tachycardia /keɪˈɒtɪk/多源性房性心动过速multifocal atrial tachycardia心房扑动 atrial flutter /ˈflʌtə/心房颤动 atrial fibrillation房室交界性过早搏动 premature atrioventricular junctional beats 房室交界性逸搏 AV junctional escape beats房室交界性心律 AV junctional rhythm非阵发性房室交界性心动过速nonparoxysmal atrioventricular junction tachycardia[,pærək'sizməl]阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia， PSVT房室结折返性心动过速 AV nodal reentrant tachycardia预激综合征 preexcitation syndrome [,pri:eksi'teiʃən]房室旁路通道 accessory atrioventricular pathways房—希斯束 atriohisian tracts结室纤维 nondoventricular fibers分支室纤维 fasciculoventricular fibers室性期前收缩,室性早搏premature ventricualr contraction室性早搏 premature ventricular beats室性并行心律 ventricular parasystole [,pærə'sistəli]室性心动过速 ventricular tachycardia加速性室性自主节律 accelerated idioventricular rhythm尖端扭转型室性心动过速 torsades de pointes /tɔːˈseɪd/心室扑动ventricular flutter心室颤动 ventricular fibrillation房室传导阻滞atrio ventricular block室内传导阻滞intra ventricular block右束支传导阻滞 right bundle branch block左前(后)分支阻滞left anterior(posterior) fascicular block [fə'sikjulə]双分支阻滞和三分支阻滞 bifascicular block and trifascicular block心脏性猝死 sudden cardiac death心源性休克cardiogenic shock过敏性休克anaphylactic shock [,ænəfi'læktik]心脏骤停Cardiac arrest无脉性电活动Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)电机械分离 electromechanical dissociation捶击复律 thumpversion胸按压 chest compression心肺复苏 cardiopulmonary resuscitation，CPR [ri,sʌsi'teiʃən]人工心脏起搏 artificial cardiac pacing起搏器 pacemaker埋藏式心内复律除颤器implantable cardioverter defibrillator ['kɑ:diəu,və:tə]心脏电复律 cardioversion心脏电除颤 defibrillation血管重建Revascularization [ri:,væskjulərai'zeiʃən; -ri'z-]埋藏式自动心脏复律除颤器automatic implantable cardioverter and defibrillator（AICD）心血管病介入治疗interventional therapy for cardiovascular diseases经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成形术ˈpɜːkjʊˈteɪnɪəs/percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty， PTCA['kɔrənɛri]/ˈændʒɪəˈplæstɪ/经皮穿刺球囊肺动脉瓣成形术percutaneous balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty PBPV经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣交界分离术percutaneous balloon mitral valve commissurotomy PBMV['maɪtrəl] [vælv] [,kɑməʃʊ'rɑtəmi]冠状动脉旁路移植术coronary arteria bypass grafting心导管消蚀 catheter ablation/ˈkæθɪtə/ /æbˈleɪʃən/先天性心血管病congenital cardiovascular disease/kənˈdʒɛnɪtəl肺动脉狭窄Pulmonic stenosis /stɪˈnəʊsɪs/单纯肺动脉口狭窄Isolated pulmonic stenosis主动脉缩窄Coarctation of the aorta [,kəua:k'teiʃən]单纯肺动脉扩张Idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery [,dailə'teiʃən;dilə-]原发性肺动脉高压Primary pulmonary hypertension双侧上腔静脉（左上腔静脉残存）Persistent left superior vena cava孤立性右位心Isolated dextrocardia /ˈdɛkstrəʊˈkɑːdɪə/房间隔缺损Atrial septal defect部分性肺静脉畸形引流Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage/əˈnɒmələs/室间隔缺损Ventricular septal defect (VSD)艾森门格综合征Eisenmenger’s syndrome动脉导管未闭Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) ['dʌktəs]法洛四联症Tetralogy of Fallot [tɪ'trælədʒɪ]法洛三联症Trilogy of Fallot完全性大血管错位Complete transposition of the great vessels房间隔缺损Atrial septal defect (ASD)高血压 hypertension原发性高血压 essential hypertension继发性高血压 secondary hypertension高血压急症Hypertensive urgencies高血压危象Hypertensive crisis高血压危症Hypertensive emergencies白大衣性高血压“White coat” hypertension单纯收缩期高血压Isolated systolic hypertension [sɪ'stɒlɪk]小动脉硬化Arteriolosclerosis体重指数 body mass index BMI动态血压监测/ˈæmbjʊlətərɪ/ambulatory blood pressure monitoringVasodilator 血管扩张剂[,veɪzəʊ'daɪleɪtə]phlebectasis 静脉扩张arteriectasis 动脉扩张Diuretic 利尿剂[,daɪju'rɛtɪk]thiazide diuretic 噻嗪类利尿剂['θaiəzaid; -zid]loop diuretic 袢利尿剂；potassium-sparing diuretics 保钾利尿剂/pəˈtæsɪəminotropic agent 正性肌力药digitalis preparation 洋地黄制剂；/ˈdɪdʒɪˈteɪlɪs/adrenergic receptor stimulant 肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂；/ˈædrəˈnɜːdʒɪk/ phosphodiesterase inhibitor 磷酸二酯酶抑制剂 [,fɔsfəudai'estəreis; -reiz] Bradykinin 缓激肽血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂angiotensin converting enzymeinhibitor;ACEI/ˈændʒɪəˈtɛnsɪn/血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂Angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker，ARB钙通道阻滞剂 calcium channel blocker，CCB/ˈkælsɪəm/α-受体阻滞剂 alpha receptor blockerβ-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂 beta adrenergic receptor blocker（beta blockers）醛固酮拮抗剂Aldosterone antagonist /ælˈdɒstəˈrəʊn/呋噻米 Furosemide[fjuː'rəʊsəmaɪd]氢氯噻嗪 hydrochlorothiazide ['haidrəu,klɔ:rə'θaiəzaid]地高辛Digoxin /daɪˈdʒɒksɪn/西地兰(去乙酰毛花苷C) Lanatoside C [lə'nætəsaid]硝酸甘油 nitroglycerin硝酸异山梨醇酯 Isosorbide Dinitrate阿替洛尔 Atenolol[ə'tenə,lɔ:l, -,lɔl]美托洛尔 metoprolol[mɪ'tɒprəlɒl]硝苯地平 Nifedipin[naɪ'fedɪpiːn]维拉帕米 Verapamil地尔硫卓 Diltiazem尼群地平 Nitrendipine卡托普利 captopril依那普利 Enalapril利多卡因lidocaine普罗帕酮 Propafenone胺碘酮Amiodarone [,æmiəu'dærəu]动脉粥样硬化 ather o sclerosis/ˈæθərəʊsklɪəˈrəʊsɪs/动脉硬化 arteriosclerosis [ɑr,tɪriosklə'rosɪs]粥样斑快 atheromatous plaque[,æθə'rɑmətəs][plæk; plɑːk]高脂血症 hyperlipidemia ['haɪpəʊ,lɪpɪ'diːmɪə]高密度脂蛋白 high density lipoprotein ,HDL低密度脂蛋白 low density lipoprotein ,LDL冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease急性冠状动脉功能不全acute coronary insufficiency缺血性心脏病 ischemic heart disease [ɪ'skemɪk]心绞痛angina pectoris[æn'dʒaɪnə]稳定型心绞痛 stable angina pectoris不稳定心绞痛 instable angina pectoris初发型心绞痛 recent onset angina pectoris恶化型心绞痛 accelerated angina pectoris变异型心绞痛variant angina pectoris (Prinzmetal angina)梗塞后心绞痛 postinfarction angina pectoris冠状动脉溶栓术coronary artery thrombolysis重组，组织型，纤维蛋白溶酶原，激活剂Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator ，rt-PA心肌梗死 myocardial infarction [,maɪəʊ'kɑːdɪəl][ɪn'fɑːkʃ(ə)n]心内膜下心肌梗死 subendocardial myocardial infarction心肌梗塞后综合征post infarction syndrome心肌桥Myocardial bridging乳头肌功能失调或断裂 dysfunction or rupture of papillary muscle [pə'pɪlərɪ]乳头 papil心脏破裂 rupture of the heart栓塞 embolism夹层动脉瘤 dissecting aneurysm [dɪ'sɛkt] ['ænjʊrɪz(ə)m]胸主动脉瘤thoracic aortic aneurysm [θɔː'ræsɪk] [eɪ'ɔːtɪk]腹主动脉瘤 abdominal aortic aneurysm，AAA [æb'dɒmɪn(ə)l]主动脉夹层 aortic dessection室壁瘤 ventricular aneurysm隐匿型冠心病 latent coronary heart disease['leɪt(ə)nt]心脏瓣膜病valvular heart disease['vælvjʊlə]主动脉弓综合征Aortic arch syndrome风湿性心脏病Rheumatic heart disease[rʊ'mætɪk]二尖瓣狭窄 mitral (valve) stenosis主动脉瓣狭窄aortic (valve) stenosis三尖瓣狭窄 tricuspid (valve) stenosis肺动脉狭窄 pulmonary stenosis主动脉瓣关闭不全 aortic incompetence三尖瓣关闭不全tricuspid incompetence肺动脉瓣关闭不全pulmonary incompetence多瓣膜病 multivalvular heart disease主动脉反流 aortic regurgitation [rɪ,ɡɜːdʒɪ'teɪʃən]二尖瓣脱垂 mitral valve prolapse [pro'læps]感染性心内膜炎infective endo carditis亚急性感染性心内膜炎 subacute infective endocarditis自体瓣膜心内膜炎 native valve endocarditis人工瓣膜心内膜炎 prothetic valve endo carditis [,prɔ'θetik]prothetic joint 人工关节心肌炎myo carditis心包炎peri carditis心肌病 cardio myo pathy扩张型心肌病 dilated cardio myo pathy肥厚型心肌病 hypertrophic cardio myo pathy限制性心肌病restrictive cardio myo pathy地方性心肌病 endemic cardio myo pathy右室心肌病Right ventricular cardiomyopathy致心律失常型右室心肌病Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC) 心内膜心肌纤维化 endo myo cardial fibrosis ,EMF特发性肥厚性主动脉瓣下狭窄idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis IHSS非对称性心室间隔肥厚asymmetric septal hypertrophy ASH [,æsɪ'metrɪk]心尖部肥厚 apical hypertrophy APH心尖 apex ['eɪpeks]间隔 septum特异性 specific继发性 secondary原发性 primary原因不明，特发性 idiopathic酒精性心脏病alcoholic heart disease围产期心脏病 peripartal heart disease药物性心脏病 Drug-induced heart disease心包炎 peri carditis急性心包炎 acute peri carditis化脓性心包炎Purulent pericarditis ['pjʊrələnt]结核性心包炎Tuberculous pericarditis缩窄性心包炎constrictive peri carditis梅毒性心血管病syphilitic cardi o vascular diseases [,sɪfə'lɪtɪk]闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化Peripheral arteriosclerosis obliteration多发性大动脉炎Primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches 血栓闭塞性脉管炎Thromboangitis obliterans主动脉夹层Aortic dissection心肌损伤后综合征Postpericardiostomy syndrome晕厥Syncope ['sɪŋkəpɪ]间歇性跛行 intermittent claudication雷诺综合征 Raynaud syndrome深部静脉血栓形成 deep venous thrombosis血栓性浅静脉炎 superficial thrombophlebitis心血管神经官能症cardi o vascular neurosis血栓性静脉炎 thrombophlebitis /ˈθrɒmbəʊflɪˈbaɪtɪs/血脑屏障blood-brain barrier脑穿通伤 brain penetrating injury ['penɪtreɪtɪŋ]脑外伤 brain trauma ['traʊmə]3.消化系统食管 esophagus /iːˈsɒfəɡəs/胃 stomach/十二指肠 duodenum ˈdjuːəʊˈdiːnəm/小肠 small intestine空肠jejunum[dʒɪ'dʒuːnəm]回肠 ileum ['ɪlɪəm]盲肠 cecum ['siːkəm]大肠large intestine阑尾 vermiform appendix[ə'pɛndɪks]横结肠 transverse colon [træns'vɝs] ['kəʊlən]升结肠 ascending colon降结肠 descending colon乙状结肠 sigmoid colon ['sɪgmɒɪd]直肠 rectum['rektəm]肝 liver 胆囊 gall bladder胆总管 common bile duct 胰 pancreas['pæŋkrɪəs]腹膜 peritoneum [,perɪtə'niːəm]系膜 mesentery[mɛzsəntəri]韧带 ligament ['lɪɡəmənt]小网膜 lesser omentum[əʊ'mentəm]大网膜 greater omentum胃食管反流病 gastr o esophageal reflex disease , GERD [,ɡæstroɪ'sɑfə,dʒiəl]反流性食管炎 regurgitant esophagitis [ri'gɝdʒətənt]食管裂孔疝 hiatus hernia [haɪ'eɪtəs] ['hɜːnɪə]食管下括约肌 lower esophageal sphincter LES ['sfɪŋktə]一过性LES松弛transit lower esophageal spincter relaxation TLESR食管狭窄 stenosis of esophagus[iː'sɒfəɡəs]贲门失弛缓 cardiac achalasia/ˈækəˈleɪzɪə/食管扩张 dilatation of esophagus憩室 diverticulum [,daɪvə'tɪkjʊləm]充盈缺损 filling defect反流性食管炎 regurgitant esophagitis食管粘膜白斑 leukoplakia esophagi[,lʊkə'plekiə]容量清除 volume clearanceH2- 受体拮抗剂 H2 receptor antagonist[æn'tæg(ə)nɪst]丁溴东莨菪碱 buscopan质子泵抑制剂 proton pump inhibitor ,PPI食管癌 carcinoma of esophagus胃炎 gastritis急性胃炎 acute gastritis急性腐蚀性胃炎 acute corrosive gastritis急性糜烂出血性胃炎 acute erosive and hemorrhagic gastritis 'hemərædʒɪk]急性化脓性（蜂窝织性）胃炎 acute phlegmonous gastritis fleɡmənəs慢性胃炎 chronic gastritis慢性浅表性胃炎 chronic superficial gastritis慢性萎缩性胃炎chronic atrophic gastritis非甾体类抗炎药 Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug NSAID肠腺化生 intestinal metapasia不典型增生a typical hyper plasia发育不良 dysplasia消化不良 dyspepsia幽门螺杆菌 helicobacter pylori HP[paɪ'lɔrai]多潘立酮 domperidone西沙必利 cisapride消化性溃疡 peptic ulcer /ˈʌlsə/胃溃疡 gastric ulcer ,GU十二指肠溃疡 duodenal ulcer , DU应激性溃疡 stress ulcer吻合口溃疡 anastomotic stoma ulcer[,ænəstə'mɔtik]吻合口梗阻 anastomotic stoma obstructAnastomotic Leak 吻合口瘘残胃癌 carcinoma of remnant stomach吻合口瘘 anastomotic stoma fistula十二指肠憩室 duodenal diverticulum胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔acute perforation of gastroduodenal ulcers [,pɜːfə'reɪʃn]胃泌素瘤 gastrinoma奥美拉唑 omeprazole['ɔmipreizəul]胃癌 gastric cancer早期胃癌 early gastric carcinoma进展期胃癌 advanced gastric carcinoma皮革状胃 linitis plastica肠结核 intestinal tuberculosis跳跃征象 stierlin sign肠梗阻 intestinal obstruction麻痹性肠梗阻 paralytic ileus['ɪlɪəs]痉挛性肠梗阻 spastic ileus['spæstɪk]绞窄型小肠梗阻 strangulated intestinal obstruction ['stræŋɡjuletɪd]急性肠套叠 acute intussusception/ˈɪntəssəˈsɛpʃən/肠扭转 intestinal twist肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome 胃肠道穿孔 perforation of gastrointestinal tract炎症性肠病 inflammatory bowel disease ,IBO溃疡性结肠炎 ulcerative colitis全结肠炎 pancolitis先天性巨结肠 congenital megacolon[,meɡə'kəulən]中毒性巨结肠 toxic megacolon息肉 polyp结肠多发息肉病 polyposis coli腺瘤样息肉 adenomatous polyp[,ædəno'mətəs]家族性腺瘤性息肉病 familial adenomatous polyposis,FAP结肠癌 colon carcinoma直肠癌 carcinoma of the rectum 或rectal cancer或pimeloma结、直肠癌 colorectal cancer血清癌胚抗原 serum carcinoembryonic antigen , S-CEA ['sɪərəm]功能性胃肠病functional gastrointestinal disorders，FGD功能性消化不良 functional dys pepsia ,FD [dɪs'pepsɪə]肠易激综合征 irritable bowel syndrome ，IBS慢性腹泻 chronic diarrhea [,daɪə'riə]渗透性腹泻 osmotic diarrhea [ɒz'mɒtɪk]分泌性腹泻 secretory diarrhea炎症性腹泻 inflammatory diarrhea功能性便秘 functional constipation [kɒnstɪ'peɪʃ(ə)n]脾肿大 splenomegal y [,spliːnə(ʊ)'meg(ə)lɪ]胆石症 cholelithiasis [,kɑlələ'θaɪəsɪs]胆管炎 cholangitis胆囊炎 cholecystitis[,kɒlɪsɪs'taɪtɪs]急性梗阻化脓性胆管炎acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis，AOSC['sʌpjʊəretɪv]胆固醇 cholesterol [kə'lestərɒl]内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography，ERCP磁共振胆道成像magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography，MRCP内镜鼻胆管外引流 endoscopic nasobiliary drainage，ENBD原发性硬化性胆管炎primary sclerosing cholangitis，PSC [skliə'rəusiŋ]胆囊癌 gallbladder cancer胆管癌cholangiocarcinoma胆囊息肉样病变polypoid lesions of gallbladder，PLG细胞凋亡 apoptosis[,æpə(p)'təʊsɪs]自身免疫性肝炎 autoimmune hepatitis AIH肝豆状核变性 hepatolenticular degeneration肝肾综合征 hepatorenal syndrome酒精性肝病 alcoholic liver disease脂肪肝 fatty liver肝纤维化 fibrosis of liver肝硬化 hepatic cirrhosis 或cirrhosis of liver酒精性肝硬变 alcoholic cirrhosis门脉性肝硬变 portal cirrhosis坏死后性肝硬变 postnecrotic cirrhosis胆汁性肝硬变 biliary cirrhosis['bɪlɪərɪ] [sɪ'rəʊsɪs]门静脉高压 portal hypertension腹水 ascites [ə'saɪtiːz]黄疸 jaundice ['dʒɔːndɪs]门脉高压性胃病 portal hypertensive gastropathy食管胃静脉曲张 esophageal ang gastric varices['vɛrɪ,siz]经颈静脉肝内门体分流术transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ，TIPS颈静脉的jugular['dʒʌgjʊlə]原发性肝癌 primary carcinoma of the liver肝性脑病hepatic encephal o pathy , HE亚临床（隐性）肝性脑病 Subclinical（latent）hepatic encephal o pathy肝性昏迷 hepatic coma门体分流性脑病 Porto systemic encephal o pathy，PSE扑翼样震颤 flapping tremor / asterixis急性胰腺炎 acute pancreatitis ,AP胆囊炎 cholecystitis [,kɒlɪsɪs'taɪtɪs]胆囊癌 cholangio-carcinoma胰腺癌 pancreatic carcinoma急性出血坏死性胰腺炎 acute hemorrhagic necrosis pancreatitis经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术percutaneous transhepatic cholangeal drainage，PTCD 胰腺癌 carcinoma of the pancreas 或 pancreatic carcinoma腹膜 peritoneum结核性腹膜炎 tuberculous peritonitis自发性细菌性腹膜炎 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis上消化道出血 upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage或upper gastrointestinal bleeding下消化道出血 lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage血管加压素 vasopressin生长抑素 somatostatin腹腔游离气体celiac dissociative gas4 .泌尿系统肾 kidney 输尿管 ureter膀胱 urinary bladder 尿道 urethra系膜 mesentary 毛细血管capillary急性肾小球肾炎 acute glomerul o nephritis急进性肾小球肾炎rapidly progressive glomerul o nephritis , RPGN慢性肾小球肾炎chronic glomerulonephritis隐匿性肾小球肾炎latent glomerul o nephritis肾病综合征 nephrotic syndrome1．轻微病变性肾小球肾炎minimal change glomerulonephriti s2．局灶性节段性病变focal segmental lesions局灶性节段性肾小球肾炎focal segmental glomerul o nephritis局灶性节段性肾小球硬化focal segmental glomerul o sclerosis，FSGS3．弥漫性肾小球肾炎diffuse glomerulonephritis⑴膜性肾病membranous nephropathy⑵增生性肾炎proliferative glomerulonephritis①系膜增生性肾小球肾炎mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis②毛细血管内增生肾小球肾炎endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis③系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis④新月体肾小球肾炎crescentic glomerulonephritis⑶硬化性肾小球肾炎sclerosing glomerulonephritis4．未分化性肾小球肾炎 unclassified glomerulonephritis薄基底膜肾病thin basement membrane nephropathy坏死性肾小球肾炎necrotizing glomerulonephritis致密沉积物性肾小球肾炎dense deposit glomerulonephritis恶性肿瘤相关性肾小球疾病malignancy-associated glomerular disease无症状性血尿或（和）蛋白尿Asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuriaIgA肾病 IgA nephr o pathy急性间质性肾炎Acute inter stitial nephritis慢性间质肾炎Chronic inter stitial nephritis尿路感染Urinary tract infection远端肾小管酸中毒 diatal renal tubular acidosis近端肾小管酸中毒 proximal renal tubular acidosis范可尼综合征Fanconi syndrome肾动脉狭窄Renal artery stenosis肾血管性高血压Renal vascular（Renovascular）hypertension 缺血性肾脏病ischemic nephr o pathy肾动脉栓塞 Renal artery embolism肾动脉血栓 Renal artery thrombosis肾静脉血栓 Renal vein thrombosis高血压性小动脉性肾硬化症Hypertensive arteriolar nephr o scler o sis良性小动脉性肾硬化症Benign arteriolar nephr o scler o sis恶性小动脉性肾硬化症Malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis肾淀粉样变性病 renal amyloidosis急性肾衰竭 Acute renal failure急性肾小管坏死 acute tubular necrosis，ATN氮质血症 azotemia慢性肾衰竭 Chronic renal failure尿毒症uremia肾小球滤过率glumerular filtration rate，GFR连续性肾替代治疗continuous renal replacement therapy，CRRT血液净化治疗 blood purification血液透析hemodialysis腹膜透析peritoneal dialysis持续不卧床腹膜透析continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis，CAPD 血液灌流 hemoperfusion渗透浓度osmolarity渗透压osmotic pressure张力tonicity容量不足volume depletion低血容量血症hypovolemia容量过多 volume excess代谢性酸中毒 metabolic acidosis代谢性碱中毒 metabolic alkalosis呼吸性酸中毒 respiratory acidosis呼吸性碱中毒 respiratory alkalosis混合性酸碱平衡紊乱 mixed acid-base disturbance肾性骨营养不良 renal osteodystrophy骨质疏松症 osteoporosis骨软化 osteomalacia肾性贫血 renal anemia肾盂肾炎 pyelonephritis氧氟沙星 ofloxacin胆石症 cholelithiasis尿石症 urolithiasis肾结石renal calculi输尿管结石ureteral calculi膀胱结石 vesical calculi尿道结石urethral calculi肾盂积水 hydronephrosis肾母细胞瘤 nephroblastoma多囊肾multicystic kidney5.血液系统血液学hematology红细胞erythrocyte白细胞 leukocyte血小板thrombocyte粒细胞granulocyte单核细胞monocyte巨核细胞 megakaryocyte多形核细胞 polymorphonuclear ，PMN淋巴细胞 lymphocyte网织红细胞计数 reticulocyte count电解质electrocyte嗜伊红细胞 eosinophil嗜碱性细胞 basophil嗜中性细胞 neutrophil肝素heparin华法令 coumadin骨髓穿刺/活检marrow aspiration/biopsy造血干细胞hemapoietic stem cell祖细胞progenitor红细胞生成素erythr o poietin，EPO海因小体Heinz bodies无效性红细胞生成 ineffective erythropoiesis遗传性球形细胞增多症 hereditary spher o cyt o sis 再障危象aplastic crisis短小病毒parvovirus蚕豆病favism血红蛋白病hemoglobin o pathy缺铁性贫血 iron deficient anemia巨幼细胞性贫血 megaloblastic anemia海洋性贫血thalassemia大细胞性贫血 macrocytic anemia难治性贫血 refractory anemia自身免疫性溶血性贫血autoimmune hemolytic anemia ,AIHA阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobin uria , PNH全血细胞减少pancytopenia白细胞减少leuk o penia粒细胞减少症granul o cyt o penia粒细胞缺乏症a granulocytosis中性粒细胞减少症neutropenia骨髓增生异常综合征 myel o dysplastic syndrome, MDS白血病leukemia急性白血病acute leukemia急性红白血病acute erythroleukemia急性单核细胞白血病 acute monocytic leukemia急性巨核细胞白血病 acute megakaryoblastic leukemia急性髓细胞白血病 acute myeloid leukemia急性粒-单核细胞白血病acute myelomonocytic leukemia急性早幼粒细胞白血病 acute promyelocytic leukemia类白血病反应leukemoid reaction慢粒白血病chronic granul o cytic leukemia慢淋白血病chronic lymphocytic leukemia淋巴瘤lymph o ma非何杰金淋巴瘤 non-Hodgkin lymphoma ,NHL绿色瘤chloroma单核细胞样B细胞淋巴瘤monocytoid B-cell lymphoma形态学morphology免疫学immunology细胞遗传学cytogenetics粘膜相关性淋巴组织淋巴瘤mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma浆细胞病（浆细胞恶性增生）plasma cell dyscrasia M蛋白monoclonal protein本周蛋白Bence-Jones protein多发性骨髓瘤multiple myel o ma恶性组织细胞增多症 malignant histiocytosis骨髓增生性疾病myeloproliferative disorders真性红细胞增多症polycythemia vera原发性血小板增多症 primary thromb o cythemia传染性单核细胞增多症 infectious mononucleosis噬血细胞综合征 hemophgocytic syndrome原发性骨髓纤维化症primary myel o fibrosis遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis脾功能亢进 hyper splenism血管性紫癜vascular purpura过敏性紫癜 a llergic purpura。
心内科常用英语专业词汇
根据<内科学>整理的心血管系统专业术语充血性心力衰竭心力衰竭：Congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭Systolic insufficiency heart failure 收缩功能不全性心力衰竭Diastolic insufficiency heart failure 舒张功能不全性心力衰竭心律失常Triggered activity 触发活动After depolarization英['dɪˌpəʊləraɪ'zeɪʃən] 后除极a.窦房结Sinus英[ˈsaɪnəs] node recovery time SNRT 窦房结恢复时间Sinoatrial英[saɪnəʊ'eɪtrɪəl] conduction time SACT 窦房传导时间Bradycardia 心动过缓;Tachycardia[ˌtækɪ'kɑ:dɪə] 心动过速Sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速;Sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓Sinus pause (sinus arrest) 窦性停搏（窦性静止）sinoatrial block 窦房阻滞（Mobitz 莫氏, Wenckebach 文氏）Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome 心动过缓-心动过速综合征b.心房Atrial premature beats 房性期前收缩;Atrial tachycardia 房性心动过速Intrinsic heart rate 固有心率;Automatic atrial tachycardia 自律性房性心动过速Reentrant atrial tachycardia 折返性房性心动过速Chaotic atrial tachycardia 紊乱性房性心动过速Paroxysmal英[ˌpærək'sɪzməl] atrial tachycardia with A V block (PAT with block) 伴有房室阻滞的阵发性房性心动过速;Multifocal atrial英['eɪtriəl] tachycardia 多源性房性心动过速;Atrial flutter 心房扑动;Atrial fibrillation英[ˌfɪbrɪ'leɪʃən] 心房颤动c.房室交界区性Premature atrioventricular英[ˌeɪtrɪəʊven'trɪkjələ] junctional beats房室交界区性期前收缩A V junctional escape beats 房室交界区性逸搏A V junctional rhythm 房室交界区性心律Nonparoxysmal atrioventricular junctional tachycardia 非阵发性房室交界区性心动过速Paroxysmal supraventricular英[sʌpreɪvent'rɪkjʊlə] tachycardia(PSVT)阵发性室上性心动过速Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia(A VNRT)房室结内折返性心动过速Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia(A VNRT)房室折返性心动过速Preexcitation syndrome(Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) 预激综合征（WPW综合征）d.心室Premature ventricular beats 室性期前收缩Ventricular parasystole[pærə'sɪstəlɪ] 室性并行心律;Ventricular tachycardia 室性心动过速Accelerated idioventricular（心室自身的）rhythm 加速性心室自主节律Torsades de pointes 尖端扭转型室性心动过速;Atrioventricular block 房室传导阻滞Wenckebach block 文氏阻滞;Adame-Strokes syndrom 阿－斯综合征Intraventricular block 室内传导阻滞;Right bundle branch block 右束支传导阻滞Left bundle branch block 左束支传导阻滞Left anterior fascicular[fə'sɪkjʊlə] block 左前分支传导阻滞Left posterior fascicular block 左后分支传导阻滞Bifascicular block 双分支阻滞;Trifascicular block 三分支阻滞心脏骤停与猝死Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) 无脉性电活动高血压：Isolated systolic hypertension 单纯收缩期高血压;Arteriolosclerosis英[ɑ:tɪəri:əʊləsklə'rəʊsɪs] 小动脉硬化先心病：Pulmonic[pʌl'mɒnɪk] stenosis英[stɪ'nəʊsɪs] 肺动脉狭窄;Isolated pulmonic stenosis 单纯肺动脉口狭窄Coarctation[ˌkəʊɑ:k'teɪʃən] of the aorta[eɪˈɔ:tə] 主动脉缩窄Idiopathic[ˌɪdɪə'pæθɪk] dilatation[ˌdaɪləˈteɪʃn] of the pulmonary[ˈpʌlmənəri] artery 单纯肺动脉扩张Primary pulmonary hypertension 原发性肺动脉高压Persistent left superior vena cava 双侧上腔静脉（左上腔静脉残存）Isolated dextrocardia 孤立性右位心;Atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 部分性肺静脉畸形引流Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)动脉导管未闭Complete transposition of the great vessels 完全性大血管错位Atrial septal defect (ASD) 房间隔缺损心脏瓣膜病：Multivalve heart disease 多瓣膜疾病;Mitral valve disease 二尖瓣疾病Pulmonic valve disease 肺动脉瓣疾病;Tricuspid valve disease 三尖瓣疾病Ebstein’s anomaly 三尖瓣下移畸形Dysfunction or rupture of papillary muscle 乳头肌功能失调或断裂Aortic valve disease 主动脉瓣疾病;Aortic arch syndrome 主动脉弓综合征Valvular heart disease 心脏瓣膜病;rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病Rheumatic fever 风湿热;Rheumatic carditis 风湿性心脏炎Mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄;Mitral incompetence 二尖瓣关闭不全Acute mitral insufficiency 急性二尖瓣关闭不全Chronic mitral insufficiency 慢性二尖瓣关闭不全Marfan’s syndrom 马凡氏综合征;Aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄Aortic incompetence 主动脉瓣关闭不全;Chronic aortic insufficiency 慢性主动脉瓣关闭不全Tricuspid stenosis 三尖瓣狭窄;Tricuspid incompetence 三尖瓣关闭不全Pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉瓣狭窄;Pulmonary incompetence 肺动脉瓣关闭不全冠心病：Atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Coronary heart disease 冠状动脉性心脏病;Angina pectoris 心绞痛Stable angina pectoris 稳定型心绞痛;Unstable angina pectoris 不稳定心绞痛Initial onset angina pectoris 初发型心绞痛;Accelerated angina pectoris 恶化型心绞痛Variant angina pectoris (Prinzmetal’s variant angina pectoris)变异型心绞痛Angina decubitus 卧位心绞痛;Acute coronary insufficiency 急性冠状动脉功能不全Postinfarction angina pectoris 梗塞后心绞痛;Acute coronary syndrome(ACS) 急性冠脉综合征Myocardial infarction(MI) 心肌梗死;Acute myocardial infarction(AMI) 急性心肌梗死Dysfunction of papillary muscle 乳头肌功能失调;Rupture of papillary muscle 乳头肌断裂Rupture of the heart 心脏破裂;Embolism 栓塞;Cardiac aneurysm 心脏室壁瘤Postinfarction syndrome 心肌梗死后综合征Latent coronary heart disease 无症状型冠心病（隐性冠心病）Ischemic cardiomyopathy 缺血性心肌病;Sudden death 猝死感染性心内膜炎：Infective endocarditis (IE) 感染性心内膜炎;Native valve endocarditis 自体瓣膜心内膜炎Prothetic valve endocarditis 人工瓣膜心内膜炎Endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers 静脉药瘾者心内膜炎Acute infective endocarditics(AIE) 急性感染性心内膜炎Subacute Infective endocarditis 亚急性感染性心内膜炎心肌疾病：Specific cardiomyopathy 特异性心肌病;Viral myocarditis 病毒性心肌炎Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy（HCM）肥厚性心肌病Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) 非对称性室间隔肥厚Restrictive cardiomyopathy(RCM)限制性心肌病;Dilated cardiomyopathy（DCM）扩张型心肌病Alcoholic cardiomyopathy 酒精性心肌病;Peripartum cardiomyopathy 围生期心肌病Drug-induced cardiomyopathy 药物性心肌病;Keshan disease (KD) 克山病Endemic cardiomyopathy (ECD) 地方性心肌病;Cardiomyopathies 心肌疾病Myocardial bridging 心肌桥;Myocarditis 心肌炎;Right ventricular cardiomyopathy 右室心肌病Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC)致心律失常型右室心肌病心包疾病：Purulent pericarditis 化脓性心包炎;Acute pericarditis 急性心包炎Tuberculous pericarditis 结核性心包炎Constrictive pericarditis 缩窄性心包炎血管疾病：Peripheral arteriosclerosis obliteration 闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化Primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches 多发性大动脉炎Raynaud syndrome 雷诺综合征;Pulness disease 无脉病Thromboangitis obliterans 血栓闭塞性脉管炎;Thrombophlebitis 血栓性静脉炎Aortic dissection 主动脉夹层其它疾病：Postpericardiostomy syndrome 心肌损伤后综合征Pulmonary embolism 肺动脉栓塞;Syncope 晕厥;Syphlitic cardiovascular disease 梅毒性心血管病Cardiovascular neurosis 心脏血管神经官能症药物Vasodilator 血管扩张剂（phlebectasis 静脉扩张，arteriectasis 动脉扩张）Diuretic 利尿剂（thiazide diuretic 噻嗪类利尿剂；loop diuretic 袢利尿剂；potassium-sparing diuretics 保钾利尿剂）inotropic agent 正性肌力药（digitalis preparation 洋地黄制剂；adrenergic receptor stimulant 肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂；phosphodiesterase inhibitor 磷酸二酯酶抑制剂）Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor（ACE inhibitors）（ACEI）血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂Aldosterone antagonist 醛固酮拮抗剂Beta adrenergic receptor blocker （beta blockers）ß肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂Calcium channel blocker（CCB）钙通道阻滞剂Angiotension Ⅱantagonist(Angiotension Ⅱreceptor blocker) 血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂Alpha blockers α1 受体阻滞剂Nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油Digoxin 地高辛Lanatoside C 西地兰antiarrhythic drugs 抗心律失常药Lidocaine 利多卡因Propafenone普罗帕酮Amiodarone 胺碘酮调脂药降脂药:HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors HMG-CoA 还原酶抑制剂Nicotinic acid 烟酸Clofibrate 氯贝丁酯抗血小板药物溶栓药:recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ,rt-PA 重组组织型纤维蛋白酶原激活剂操作interventional therapy for cardiovascular diseases 心血管病介入性治疗Holter ECG monitoring 动态心电图Ultrasound angioplasty 超声消融术Directional coronary atherectomy 定向旋切术High frequency rotational atherectomy 高频旋磨术Laser angioplasty 激光血管成形术Catheter ablation 心导管消融Radiofrequency catheter ablation 经导管射频消融Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty(PBMV)经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣成形术Percutaneous balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty(PBPV)经皮穿刺球囊肺动脉瓣成形术Percutaneous transluminal septial myocardial ablation,(PTSMA)经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) 经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成形术Percutaneous intracoronary stent implantation 经皮穿刺冠状动脉内支架安置术Transluminal Extraction catheter (TEC)经皮血管内切吸导管Biatrial pacing 双心房起搏biventricular pacing 双心室起搏bifocal pacing 双灶起搏Angiojet rheolytic thrombectomy 新鲜血栓吸引术Upright tilt-table testing 直立倾斜试验Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)置入型心律转复除颤器Thumpversion 捶击复律Cough-version 咳嗽复律Cardioversion 心脏电复律Defibrillation 心脏电除颤Revascularization 血管重建其它Hemolytic streptococcus 甲族乙型溶血性链球菌Antithymocyte globulin (ATG)抗胸腺细胞球蛋白Vagus nerve 迷走神经Brainstem death 脑干死亡Myocardial remodeling 心肌重塑Hemodynamics 血液动力学Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)心钠素Vasopressin 血管加压素,抗利尿激素Bradykinin 缓激肽Late ventricular potential 心室晚电位Accessory atrioventricular pathways 房室旁路Atriohisian tracts 房希氏束Nodoventricular fibers 结-室纤维Fasciculoventricular fibers 分支室纤维Insulin resistance 胰岛素抵抗Vasodepressor response 血管减压反应Pulsus tardus 细迟脉Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度Systolic anterior motion(SAM) （二尖瓣前叶）收缩期前向运动Intermittent claudication 间歇性跛行。
内科英语词汇
内科英文词汇chest pain [tFest pein] 胸痛vaditing pain [ pein] 放射痛edema [i5di:m[] 水肿dyspnea [] 呼吸困难cyanosis [sai[5n[usis] 紫绀palpitation [pAlpi5teiF([)n] 心悸syncope [5sink[pi] 晕厥hypertension [7haip[5tenF[n] 高血压coronary heart disease [5kRr[n[riikR:r[neri ha:t di5zi:z] 冠心病heart failure [ha:t 5feilj[(r)] 心力衰竭essontial hypereension [ ] 原发性高血压secondary hypereension [5sek[nd[ri (5sek[nderi) ] 继发性高血压hypertensiue crisis [ 5kraisis] 高血压危象malignant hypereesion [m[5lign[nt ] 恶性高血压bordline hypertension [ 7haip[5tenF[n] 临界高血压hypertensiue emergency [ i5m\:dV[nsi] 高血压急症isolatal systolic hypertension [ si5stRlik 7haip[5tenF[n] 纯收缩期高血压ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [5Ambjul[t[ri blQd 5preF[(r) 5mRnit[ri] 动态血压监测lefe ventricular hypertrophy [left ven5trikjul[(r) hai5p\:tr[fi] 左心室肥厚insulin nesistance [5insjulin (5ins[lin) ] 胰岛素抵抗diruetics [] 利尿剂calcium channel blocker [5kAlsi[m 5tFAn[l blRk] 钙拮抗剂angiotensin converse enzyme inhibiter [7AndVi[u5tensin 5kRnv\:s 5enzaim in5hibit] 血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂renin [5ri:nin] 肾素endothelin [] 内皮素body mass index [5bRdi mAs (ma:s) 5indeks] 体重指数pheochromocytoma [7fi:[u5kr[um[usai5t[um[] 嗜铬细胞瘤hyperaldosteronism [7haip[rAl5dRst[r[uniz[m] 原发性醛固酮增多症non-dipper blood pressure [nuN 5dip[(r) blQd 5preF[(r)] 非芍型血压heart murmurs [ha:t 5m\:m[(r)] 心脏杂音holosytolic muarmurs [] 全收缩期杂音ejectin sounds [ saund] 喷射音systolic click [si5stRlik klik] 收缩期咯喇音cardiac dilatation [5ka:diAk 7dail[5teiF[n] 心脏扩大atrial fibrillation [ 7faibri5leiF[n] 心房颤动apicl inpulse [] 心尖搏动heart sound [ha:t saund] 心音pericarclial effunion [ ] 心包积液mitral stenosis [5maitr[l ] 二尖瓣狭窄dricuspid regurgitation [ ri7g\:dVi5teiF[n] 三尖瓣反流aortic insufficiency [ 7ins[5fiF[nsi] 主动脉瓣关闭不全s3 s4 gallop rhythm [5gAl[p riT[m (5riW[m)] 第三心音第四心音奔马率pulmonary hypertension [5pQlm[n[ri 7haip[5tenF[n] 肺动脉高压opening snap [5[up[niN snAp] 开办音pericardial friction rubs [7peri5ka:di[l 5frikF([)n rQb] 心包摩擦音fired splitting of s2 [5fail[(r) 5splitiN] 第二心音固定分裂left bundle branch block [left 5bQnd([)l bra:ntF blRk] 左速支阻滞atrioventrivular block [ blRk] 房室阻滞sinoatrial block [7sain[u5eitri[l blRk] 窦房阻滞left anterier hemoblock [left ] 左前分支阻滞compete [k[m5pi:t] 完全性incomplete [ink[m5plit] 不完全性preexcitation [] 预激accessory pathway [[k5ses[ri pa:Wwei] 旁路dual pathway [5dju:[l pa:Wwei] 双径路reciprocating [ri5sipr[keitiN] 抑反性w-p-w syndrome [5sindr[um] w-p-w 综合征orthodromic [7R:W[u5drRmik] 顺向性antedromic [] 逆向性intermittent [int[5mit[nt] 间歇性electrophysiologic study [ 5stQdi] 电生理检查pacemaker [5peismeik[(r)] 起搏器programed electrical stimulation [5pr[ugrAm (5pr[ugr[m) i5lektrik([)l ] （pes）程序电刺激radiofreqency [] 射频catheter [5kAWit[(r)] 导管ablation [Ab5leiF[n] 消融atrial [] 房性ventricular [ven5trikjul[(r)] 室性junctional [] 交界区（结性）premature beat [5prem[tFu[(r) bi:t] 过早搏动fibrillation [7faibri5leiF[n] 颤动flutter [5flQt[(r)] 扑动paroxysmal [7pAr[k5sizm[l] 阵发性supraventricular [] 室上性non-parexysmal [] 非阵发性asystole [] 窦性停搏tachycardia [7tAki5ka:di[] 心动过速bradycardioa [] 心动过缓accelerated [[k5sel[reitid] 加速性arrhythmia [[5riTmi[] 心率不齐sick sinus syndrome [sik 5sain[s 5sindr[um] 病态窦房结综合sinoatrial nodal recovery time (snrt) [7sain[u5eitri[l n[ud[l ri5kQv[ri taim] 窦房结恢复时间sinoatrial conduction time (sact) [7sain[u5eitri[l k[n5dQkF([)n taim] 窦房传导时间brady-tachy syndrome [ 5sindr[um] 慢快综合征pacemaker [5peismeik[(r)] 起搏器defibllation [] 除颤electrocardiogram [ilektr[u5ka:di[ugrAm] 心电图lead [li:d] 导联depolarization [] 除极repolarization [] 复极p r interval [5int[v([)l] pr 间期qrs complex [5kRmpleks (k[mp5leks)] qrs 波群vnipolar [] 单极bipolar [bai5p[ul[(r)] 双极augmented [R:5gmentid] 加压sinus [5sain[s] 窦性sinoatrial node [7sain[u5eitri[l n[ud] 窦房结atrioventricular node [7eitri[uven5trikjul[(r) n[ud] 房室结bundle branch [5bQnd([)l bra:ntF] 束支fascicular [f[5sikjul[(r)] 分支his bundle [his 5bQnd([)l] 希氏束conduction [k[n5dQkF([)n] 传导automaticity [R:5tRm[5tis[ti] 自律性refractory period [ri5frAkt[ri 5pi[ri[d] 不应期hypertrophy [hai5p\:tr[fi] 肥厚ambulatory [5Ambjul[t[ri] 动态idiopathic [] 特发性block [blRk] 阻滞cardioversion [7ka:di[u5v\:F[n] 电转复defibrillation [di7faibri5leiF[n] 除颤reentry [ri:5entri] 折反trigger [5trig[(r)] 触发focal [5f[uk([)l] 局灶性ischemia [] 缺血injury [5indV[ri] 损伤infarction [in5fa:kF[n] 梗塞elevation [eli5veiF([)n] 抬高acute myocardial infarction (ami) [[5kju:t in5fa:kF[n]急性心肌梗塞hypokalemia [] 低钾血症hyperkalemia [] 高钾血症digitalis effect [didVi5teilis i5fekt] 洋地黄效应pericardiac effusion [i5fju:V([)n] 心包积液cardiomyopathy [7ka:di[umai5Rp[Wi] 心肌病angina pectoris [An5dVain[ 5pekt[ris] 心绞痛variant [5ve[ri[nt] 变异型inferior [in5fi[ri[(r)] 下壁anterior [5Anti[ri[(r)] 前壁septal [5sept[l] 间隔lateral [5lAt[r([)l] 侧壁treadmill test [5tredmil test] 活动平板运动试验precordial [pri:5kR:dj[l] 胸前posterior [p[5sti[ri[(r)] 后壁unstable [Qn5steib([)l] 不稳定diagnosis [dai[g5n[usis] 诊断symptom [5simpt[m] 症状sign [sain] 体征physical examination [ 7igzAmi5neiF([)n] 体格检查inspection [in5spekF([)n] 视诊palbation [] 触诊percussion [p[5kQF([)n] 叩诊auscultation [R:skul5teiF([)n] 听诊stethoscope [5steW[sk[up] 听诊器cyanosis [sai[5n[usis] 紫绀vital sign [5vait([)l sain] 生命征pallor [5pAl[(r)] 苍白edema [i5di:m[] 水肿virchow [] 淋巴结shin eruption [Fin i5rQpF([)n] 皮疹spider angioma [5spaid[(r) 7AndVi5[um[] 蜘蛛痣stained yellow [stein 5jel[u] 黄染orthopnea [] 端坐呼吸physical diagnosis [5fizik([)l dai[g5n[usis] 检体诊断scar [ska:(r)] 瘢痕heart failure [ha:t 5feilj[(r)] 心力衰竭congestive heart failure [k[n5dVestiv ha:t 5feilj[(r)] 充血性心力衰竭caroliac dys function [ 5fQNkF([)n] 心功能不全pcwp 肺毛细血管楔嵌压furosemide [fju[5r[usimaid] 速尿digoxin [didV5Rksin] 地高辛spironolactone [7spai[r[n[u5lAkt[un] 螺内soclium nitroprusside [ ] 硝普钠acei 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂enalapril 依那普利sns 交感神经系统ras 肾素-血管紧张素系统remodeling [ri:5mRd([)liN] 重物co (cardiac output) [5ka:diAk 5[utput] 心输出量ci (cardiac index) [5ka:diAk 5indeks] 心脏指数lanatoside c [] 毛花hydrochlorothiazide [haidr[u7klR:r[5Wai[zaid] 氢氯噻嗪bumetahide [] 布美他尼captopril [] 卡托普利dobutamine [] 多巴酰丁胺fraham steel murmur graham steel [ sti:l 5m\:m[(r) grei[m]（相对性肺动脉瓣关闭不全）杂音aortic regurgitotion [ ] 主动脉反流summation fallop sound [sQ5meiF([)n saund]融合性（s3 s4）奔马音mitrae valve prolapse [ vAlv pr[u5lAps] 二尖瓣脱垂tricuspid stenosis [trai5kQspid ] 三尖瓣狭窄pericardial friction rub [7peri5ka:di[l 5frikF([)n rQb] 心包摩杂音left to right shunt [left tu (tu:) rait FQnt] 左向右分流continuous murmurs of patent ductus arteriosus [k[n5tinju[s 5m\:m[(r) 5peit([)nt (5pAtnt) ] 主动脉导管未闭连续性杂音diastotic rumbling murmur [ 5rQmb([)liN 5m\:m[(r)]舒张期隆隆样杂音tumer plop (la myxoma) [tQm plRp (mikis[um[)] 左房粘液瘤肿瘤扑落音coronary artery bypass surgery [5kRr[n[ri (5kR:r[neri) 5a:teri 5baipa:s (5baipAs) 5s\:dV[ri] 冠状动脉旁路手术（搭桥）angina pectoris [An5dVain[ 5pekt[ris] 心绞痛levines sign [ sain] (levine 氏征)unstable augina pectoris [Qn5steib([)l 5pekt[ris] 不稳定心绞痛prinz metals variant augina [ 5met([)l 5ve[ri[nt ](prinzmet 变异型心绞痛)silent myocardial ischemia [5sail[nt ] 隐匿性心肌缺血exercise tolerance test [5eks[saiz 5tRl[r[ns test] 运动耐受实验thallium-201 perfusion scintigraphy [WAli[m per5fju:V[n sin5tigr[fi] 铊-201心肌灌注显像cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography [5ka:diAk 5kRr[n[ri (5kR:r[neri) 7AndVi5Rgr[fi] 心导管检查与冠脉造影nitroglycerin [7naitr[u5glis[rin] 硝酸甘油cardiac auscultation [5ka:diAk R:skul5teiF([)n] 心脏听诊heart sounds and murmurs [ha:t saund 5m\:m[(r)] 心音与心脏杂音general appearance [5dVen[r([)l [5pi[r[ns] 一般状态cardiac impulse and precordial motion [5ka:diAk 5impQls pri:5kR:dj[l 5m[uF([)n] 心尖搏动与心前区搏动splitting of s2 (wide ,fixed) [5splitiN (waid fikst)]第二心音分裂（固定性宽分裂）mifrae opening snap [ 5[up[niN snAp] 二尖瓣开办音systolic ejection sound [si5stRlik i5dVekF[n saund] 收缩期喷射音midsystolic click [ klik] 收缩期中期喀喇音holosystolic murmur [ 5m\:m[(r)] 全收缩期杂音austin fliut murmur austin fint [5Rstin 5m\:m[(r) ]相对性二尖瓣狭窄杂音acute myocardial infarvtion [[5kju:t ] 急性心肌梗塞well-disigned clinical trial [wel 5klinik([)l 5trai[l]设计良好的临床实验left ventricular aneurysm [left ven5trikjul[(r) 5Anjuriz([)m] 左室室壁瘤myocardial reperfusion injury [ 5indV[ri]心肌再灌注损伤transesophageae echocardiography [ ek[u7ka:di5Rgr[fi]经食道超生检查magnetric resonance imaging [ 5rez[n[ns ] 核磁共振成像percutaneous trans luminal c orounary angioplasty [7p\:kju:5teini[s 5lju:min[l ] 经皮腔内冠状动脉成型术killip classification of acute myocardial infarction [ klAsifi5keiF([)n [5kju:t in5fa:kF[n] 急性心肌梗塞killip 心功能（预后）分级forrester hemodynamic classification of ami [ 7hi:m[udai5nAmik klAsifi5keiF([)n a:5mi:] 急性心肌梗塞血流动力学后rrester [] 分型pump failure and cardiogenic shock [5pQmp 5feilj[(r) 7ka:di[u5dVenik FRk]papillary muscle dysfunction [p[5pil[ri 5mQs([)l dis5fQnkF([)n]乳头肌功能不全graham steel murmur [grei[m sti:l 5m\:m[(r)](相对性肺动脉瓣关闭不全)杂音aortioc regurgitation [ ri7g\:dVi5teiF[n] 主动脉反流summation gallop sound [sQ5meiF([)n 5gAl[p saund] 融合性（s3 s4）奔马音mitral valve prolapse [5maitr[l vAlv pr[u5lAps] 二尖瓣脱垂tricuspid stenosis [trai5kQspid ] 三尖瓣狭窄pericardial friction rub [7peri5ka:di[l 5frikF([)n rQb] 心包摩擦音continuous murmurs of patent ductus arterios [k[n5tinju[s 5m\:m[(r) 5peit([)nt (5pAtnt) ] 主动脉导管未闭连续性杂音left to right shunt [left rait FQnt] 左向右反流tumor plop (la myxoma) [5tju:m[(r) plRp (mik5s[um[)]左房粘液瘤肿瘤扑落音diastolic rumbling murmur [ 5rQmb([)liN 5m\:m[(r)]舒张期隆隆样杂音joint [5dVRint] 关节stiffness [5stifnis] 强直swelling [5sweliN] 肿胀pain [pein] 疼痛deformity [di5fR:miti] 畸形tenderness [] 触痛edema [i5di:m[] 水肿remitting [5ri:mitiN] 缓解antinuclear antibody [7Anti5nju:kli[(r) 5AntibRdi] 抗核抗体rheumatoid factor [5ru:m[tRid 5fAkt[(r)] 类风湿因子erosion [i5r[uV([)n] 侵蚀osteoporosis [Rsti[up[5r[usis] 骨质疏松immunosupprosive [] 免疫抑制methotrexate [7meW[5trekseit] 氨甲喋呤slowa acting drug [ 5AktiN drQg] 慢性用药disease modifying anti-rheu-matic drugs [di5zi:z 5mRdifai 5Anti mAt drQg] (dmards)缓解病情的抗风湿药物rheumatic disease [ di5zi:z] 风湿性疾病rheumatology [7ru:m[5tRl[dVi] 风湿病学rheumatoid arthritis [ a:5Wraitis] 类风湿性关节炎systemic lupus erythematosus [sis5teimik 5lu:p[s ]系统性红斑狼疮ankylosing spondylitis [5ANkil[usiN 7spRndi5laitis] 强直性脊柱炎vasculitis [7vAskju5laitis] 血友病behcet disease [ di5zi:z] 白塞氏病reiter syndrom [ 5sindr[um] 瑞特综合征sjogren syndrom [ 5sindr[um] 干燥综合征osteoarthritis [Rsti[ua:5Wraitis] 骨性关节炎polyarteritis nodosa [5pRli7a:t[5raitis ] 结节性多动脉炎churg-strauss syndrom [ 5sindr[um] 变应性肉芽肿血管炎giant cell arteritis [5dVai[nt 7a:t[5raitis] 巨细胞动脉炎temporal arteritis [5temp[r([)l 7a:t[5raitis] 聂动脉炎kashin-beck disease [ di5zi:z] 大骨节病systemic sclerosis [sis5teimik skli[5r[usis] 系统性硬化病extractable nuclear antigen [ik5strAkt[bl 5nju:kli[(r) 5AntidV([)n]circulating immunocomplex [ ]循环免疫复合物malar rash [5meil[(r) rAF] 蝶形红斑discoid rash [5diskRid rAF] 盘状红斑oral ulcers [5R:r[l 5Qls[(r)] 口腔溃疡raynaud’s phenomenon [ fi5nRmin[n]periarthritis []antiphospholipid [] 抗磷脂抗体综合征doible-stranded dna [ strAnd ] 双链dnapleuritis [plu[5raitis] 浆膜炎lupus nephritis [5lu:p[s ni5fraitis] 狼疮肾炎methylprednisolone [7meWilpred5nis[l[un] 甲醛强的松龙cyclophosphamiole [] 环磷酰胺azathioprine [7Az[5Wai[pri:n] 硫唑嘌呤immunosuppressive therapy [7imjun[us[5presiv 5Wer[pi] 免疫抑制治疗vasculitis [7vAskju5laitis] 血管炎immune tolerance [i5mju:n 5tRl[r[ns] 免疫耐受性daagnostic criteria [ ] 诊断标准mixed connectine tissne disease [mikst di5zi:z] 混合结缔组织病ouerlap syndrom [ 5sindr[um] 重叠综合征anthritis /arthralgia [ / a:5WrAldV[] 关节炎/关节痛nephrology [ni5frRl[dVi] 肾科学hemodialysis [7hi:m[udai5Alisis] 血液透析peritoneal dialysis [ dai5lisis] 腹膜透析plasma filtrtion [5plAzm[ ] 血浆过滤hyperperfusion [] 过度灌注hemofiltration ultriltrate []urea transmembrane lupus [5ju[ri[ 7trAns5membrein 5lu:p[s]hypertension [7haip[5tenF[n] 高血压angiotensin [7AndVi[u5tensin] 血管紧张素renin [5ri:nin] 肾素plasma [5plAzm[] 血浆plasminogen [plAz5min[dV[n] 纤维蛋白溶酶原platelet [] 血小板isolation [ais[5leiF([)n] 分离,离析,隔离pumfication [] 提纯chromatography [7kr[m[5tRgr[fi] 色谱法electrophoresis [i7lektr[f[5ri:sis] 电泳*chronic renal failure [5krRnik 5ri:n([)l 5feilj[(r)] 慢性肾功能不全uremia [ju[5ri:mi[] 尿毒症azotemia [7Az[5ti:mi[] 氮质血症creatinine clearance rate ccr [kri:5Atini:n 5kli[r[ns reit] 肌酐清除率glomerular filtration gfr [ fil5treiF[n] 肾小球滤过率hemodialysis hd [7hi:m[udai5Alisis] 血液透析peritoneal dialysis pd [ dai5lisis] 腹膜透析furosemide [fju[5r[usimaid] 速尿erythropoietin [i7riWr[u5pRi[tin] 促红素metabolic acidosis [7met[5bRlik 7Asi5d[usis] 代谢性酸中毒hyperkalemia [] 高钾血症hypocalcemia [] 低钙血症continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis capd [k[n5tinju[s 5Ambjul[t[ri dai5lisis ] 持续性非卧床腹透hemofiltration [] 血滤plasma exchange [5plAzm[ iks5tFeindV] 血浆置换blood purification [blQd 7pju[rifi5keiF[n] 血液净化renal transplantation [5ri:n([)l 7trAnspla:n5teiF[n] 肾移植calcitriol (rocaltrol) [] 骨化三醇bumetanide [] 布美他尼acute glomerulonephritis [[5kju:t glR7merjul[uni5fraitis] 急性肾小球肾炎rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis [5rApidli pr[5gresiv glR7merjul[uni5fraitis] 急进性肾小球肾炎chronic glomerulonephritis [5krRnik glR7merjul[uni5fraitis] 慢性肾小球肾炎latent glomerulonephritis [5leit[nt glR7merjul[uni5fraitis] 隐匿性肾小球肾炎hephrotic syndrome [ 5sindr[um] 肾病综合症minimal change disease [5minim([)l tFeindV di5zi:z] 微小病变focal segmental lesions [5f[uk([)l seg5ment[l 5li:V([)n] 局灶节段性病变cresentic glomeerulonephritis [ glR7merjul[uni5fraitis]新月体membranous nephropathy [5membr[n[s ni5frRp[Wi] 膜性肾病proliferative glomernlorephritis [ glR7merjul[uni5fraitis]增生性上眼肾炎mesangialproliferative glomerulonephritis [ glR7merjul[uni5fraitis]系膜增生性肾小球肾炎endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis [ glR7merjul[uni5fraitis] 毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis [ glR7merjul[uni5fraitis]系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎dense eeposit glomerulonephritis [dens glR7merjul[uni5fraitis]致密沉淀物性肾小球肾炎goodpastures syndrome [ 5sindr[um] 肺出血-肾炎综合症gouty nephropathy [g[uti ni5frRp[Wi] 痛风肾病lupus nephritis [5lu:p[s ni5fraitis] 狼疮肾炎gross hematuris (macroscopic hematuria) [gr[us (mAkr[u5skRpik 7hi:m[5tju[ri[] 肉眼血尿glomerulotubular imbalance [ im5bAl[ns] 球管失衡glomerular capsular space (bowmans space) [ 5kApsjul[(r) speis]肾小球囊腔glomerular basement membrane (gbm) [ 5beism[nt 5membrein]肾小球基底膜foot process fusion [fut 5pr[uses (5prRses) 5fju:V([)n] 足突融合microscopic hematuria [maikr[5skRpik 7hi:m[5tju[ri[] 镜下血尿renal amyloidosis [5ri:n([)l 7AmilRi5d[usis] 肾淀粉样变henoch-schonlein purpura nephritis (hspn) [ 5p\:pju[r[]过敏性紫癜性肾炎diabetil nephropathy [ ni5frRp[Wi] 糖尿病肾病renal interstitium [5ri:n([)l ] 肾间质renal biopsy [5ri:n([)l 5baiRpsi] 肾活检myeloma kidney [7mai[5l[um[ 5kidni] 骨髓病肾病hyperlipidemia [haip[7lipi5di:mi[] 高质血症secondary glomernlar disease [5sek[nd[ri di5zi:z]继发性肾小球疾病plasma exchange(plasmapheresis) [5plAzm[ iks5tFeindV (7plAzm[5fer[sis)] 血浆置换acute pyelonephritis [[5kju:t 7pai[l[une5fraitis] 急性肾盂肾炎thin base ment memtrane syndrome [Win beis 5sindr[um]薄基底膜综合征eqistaxis [] 鼻衄ear drum [i[(r) drQm] 鼓膜eyelids [5ailid] 眼睑conjunctiva [k[n5dVQNktaiv[] 结膜audation [] 听力parotid gland [pe5rRtid glAnd] 腮腺mastoid [5mAstRid] 乳突convergencereflex [] 幅奏反射auricle [5R:rik([)l] 耳廓accommodationreflex [] 调节反射inquiry [in5kwai[ri] 问诊general data [5dVen[r([)l 5deit[] 一般项目chief comp jaint [tFi:f kRmp ] 主诉history of present illness [5hist[ri 5prez([)nt 5ilnis] 现病史systems review [5sist[m ri5vju:] 系统回顾physical examination [ igzAmi5neiF([)n] 体格检查diagnosis [dai[g5n[usis] 诊断personal history [5p\:s[n([)l 5hist[ri] 个人史marrital history [ 5hist[ri] 婚姻史childbearing history [5tFaildbe[riN 5hist[ri] 生育史suprasternal notch [ nRtF] 胸骨上切迹sternal angle [ 5ANg([)l] 胸骨角intercostal space [7int[5kRst[l speis] 肋间隙chest wall [tFest wR:l] 胸壁barrel chest [5bAr([)l tFest] 桶状胸thoracic expansion [WR:5rAsik ik5spAnF([)n] 胸廓扩张度vocal fremitus [5vAuk([)l 5fremit[s] 语音震颤pleural friction fremitus [ 5frikF([)n 5fremit[s] 胸膜摩擦感mediate percussion [5mi:dieit p[5kQF([)n] 间接叩诊immediate percussion [i5mi:di[t p[5kQF([)n] 直接叩诊scapular line [5skApjul[(r) lain] 肩胛线suprasternal fossa [ 5fRs[] 胸骨上窝axillary fossa [Ak5sil[ri 5fRs[] 腋窝midaxillary line [ lain] 腋中线posterior axillary line [p[5sti[ri[(r) Ak5sil[ri lain] 腋后线anterior axillary line [5Anti[ri[(r) Ak5sil[ri lain] 腋前线anterior midlene [5Anti[ri[(r) ] 前正中线rib [rib] 肋骨scapula [5skApjul[] 肩胛骨costalspinal angle [ 5ANg([)l] 肋脊角infrasternal [] 胸骨下角vocal resonance [5v[uk([)l 5rez[n[ns] 语音共振whispered [5wisp[(r)] 耳语音pleural friction rub [ 5frikF([)n rQb] 胸膜摩擦音lobar pneumonia [5l[ub[(r) nju:5m[uni[] 大叶肺炎chronic bronchitis [5krRnik brRN5kaitis] 慢性支气管炎chronic obstructive emphysema [5krRnik [b5strQktiv emfi5si:m[] 慢性阻塞性肺气肿bronchial asthma [5brRNki[l 5Asm[ (5Azm[)] 支气管哮喘pleural effusion [ i5fju:V([)n] 胸腔积液pneumothorax [7nju:m[u5WR:rAks] 气胸wheezing [wi:ziN (hwi:ziN)] 哮鸣音damoiseau [] 线garland (grocco) [5ga:l[nd ( )] 三角coin sign [kRin sain] 硬币叩击征sibilant rhonchi [5sibil[nt ] 高调干罗音sonorous rhonchi [s[5nR:r[s (5sRn[r[s) ] 低调干罗音bronchophony [] 支气管语音fine rales [fain ] 细湿罗音medium rales [5mi:di[m ] 中湿罗音coarse rales [kR:s ] 粗湿罗音resonance [5rez[n[ns] 清音hyperresonance [] 过清音tympany [] 鼓音dullness [dQlni:s] 浊音flatness [] 实音kronig []vesicular breath sound [vi5sikjul[(r) breW saund] 肺泡呼吸音bronchial breath sound [5brRNki[l breW saund] 支气管呼吸音bronchovesicular breath sound [ breW saund]支气管肺泡呼吸音tubular breath sound [5tju:bjul[(r) breW saund] 管样呼吸音moist rale [mRist ] 湿罗音crepitus [] 捻发音bubble sound [5bQb([)l saund] 水泡音crackles [5krAk([)l] 爆裂音adventitious sound [Adven5tiF[s saund] 附加音skoda [] 叩响amphorophony [] 空瓮音tactile fremitus [5tAktail 5fremit[s] 触觉震颤flat chest [flAt tFest] 扁平胸rachitic chest [r[5kitik tFest] 佝偻病胸rachitic rosary [r[5kitik 5r[uz[ri] 佝偻病串珠harrison groove [ gru:v] 肋膈沟dyspnea [] 呼吸困难cardiac asthima [5ka:diAk ] 心源性哮喘kussmaul (cheyne-stokess)(biots) [] 呼吸cough [kRf (kR:f)] 咳嗽expectoration [ek7spekt[5reiF[n] 咳痰hemoptysis [hi5mRptisis] 咯血cyanosis [sai[5n[usis] 紫绀three depressions sign [Wri: di5preF([)n sain] 三征tachypnea [] 呼吸过速bradypnea [] 呼吸过缓subcutaneous emphysema [sQbkju:5teini[s emfi5si:m[] 皮下气肿visceral pleura [ 5plu[r[] 脏层胸膜parietal pleura [p[5rait([)l 5plu[r[] 壁层胸膜interscapular region [7int[5skApjul[(r) 5ri:dV[n] 肩胛间区infrascapular region [ 5ri:dV[n] 肩胛下区supra scapular region [5su:pr[ 5skApjul[(r) 5ri:dV[n] 肩胛上区supraclavicular fossa [ 5fRs[] 锁骨上窝infraclavicular fossa [ 5fRs[] 锁骨下窝blood gas analysis [blQd gAs [5nAl[sis] 血气分析gas exchange [gAs iks5tFeindV] 气体交换bixarbonate [] 碳酸氢盐bases excess be [ 5ekses bi:] 碱剩余total plasma co2 content [5t[ut([)l 5plAzm[ 5kRntent] 血浆co2含量acid-base balance [Asi:d beis 5bAl[ns] 酸硷平衡hypocapnia [] 低碳酸血症hypercapnia [7haip[5kApni[] 高碳酸血症narcosis [5na:l[usis] 麻醉alveolar-capillary diffuse block [Al5vi[l[(r) k[5pil[ri di5fju:s blRk] 肺泡-毛细血管弥散障碍ventilation-perfusion imbalance [7venti5leiF[n per5fju:V[n im5bAl[ns] 通气灌注失衡partial perssure [5pa:F([)l ] 分压oxygenation [] 氧合oxyhemoglobin [] 氧合血红蛋白hypoventilation [] 低通气anoxia [A5nRksi[] 缺氧症chronic bronchitis [5krRnik brRN5kaitis] 慢性支气管炎chronic obstrucrive pulmonary disease [5krRnik di5zi:z]慢性阻塞性肺疾病pulmonary emphysema [5pQlm[n[ri 7emfi5si:m[] 肺气肿cor pulmonale [kR:(r) ] 肺心病chronic pulmonary heart disease [5krRnik 5pQlm[n[ri ha:t di5zi:z]慢性肺源性心脏病right ventricular failure [rait ven5trikjul[(r) 5feilj[(r)] 右心衰竭aminophylline [[7mi:n[u5fili:n] 安茶硷right ventricular hypertrphy [rait ven5trikjul[(r) ] 右心室肥厚chronic tracheobrochitis [5krRnik ] 慢性气管支气管炎acute upper reapiratory tract [[5kju:t 5Qp[(r) trAkt]急性呼吸道感染common cold [5kRm[n k[uld] 普通感冒distended neck veins [di5stend nek ] 颈静脉扩张hypoxia [hai5pRksi[] 低氧血症pulmonary tuberculosis [ tju:b\:kju5l[usis] 肺结核extra-phlmonary tuberculosis [5ekstr[ tju:b\:kju5l[usis] 肺外结核miliary tuberculosis [5milj[ri tju:b\:kju5l[usis] 粟粒性结核mycobarterium tubervulosis [ tju:b\:kju5l[usis] 结核分支杆菌tuberculosis carity [tju:b\:kju5l[usis ] 结核性空洞smear positive cases [5smi[(r) 5pRzitiv keis] 涂片阳性病人smear hegative cases [5smi[(r) keis] 涂片阴性病人tuberculin test [tju:5b\:kjulin test] 结核菌素实验primary resistance [5praim[ri ri5zist[ns] 原发耐药secondary (or acquirad) resistance [5sek[nd[ri (5sek[nderi) ([(r) ri5zist[ns] 继发耐药sheptomycir [] 链霉素immune system [i5mju:n 5sist[m] 免疫系统spread [spred] 播散multiply [5mQltiplai] 繁殖tranimission [] 传播chemolterapy [] 化疗isolated toci [5ais[leitid ] 孤立病灶tuberculous pleurasy [tju:5b\:kjul[s ] 结核性胸膜炎tuberculoma [tju:7b\:kju5l[um[] 结核球sputum examinatim [5spju:t[m ] 查痰chest pain [tFest pein] 胸痛fatigue [f[5ti:g] 疲乏malaise [mA5leiz] 乏力exposnre [] 暴露（接触）susceptibe [] 敏感collection specimen [k[5lekF([)n 5spesim[n] 收集标本short of brealh [FR:t ] 气短short-term chemolherapy [FR:t ] 短程化疗regular treatment [5regjul[(r) 5tri:tm[nt] 规则治疗irregnlar treatment [ 5tri:tm[nt] 不规则治疗re-treatment regimen [ri: 5tri:tm[nt 5redVim[n] 复治方安intensive treatment [in5tensiv 5tri:tm[nt] 强化治疗maintaining treatment [mein5teiniN 5tri:tm[nt] 维持治疗directhy obsecred treatment (dot) [ 5tri:tm[nt] 直视下治疗bronchial asthma [5brRNki[l 5Asm[ (5Azm[)] 支气管哮喘chronic inflammatory disorder of the aorway [5krRnik in5flAm[t[ri dis5R:d[(r) ] 气道慢性炎症airway heperresponsiveness (ahr) [5e[wei ]气道高反映性corticosteroid [7kR:tik[u5ste[rRid] 类固醇b2-agonist [5Ag[nist] b2 激动剂theophylline [] 茶碱eosinophols [] 嗜酸粒细胞lymphocytes [5limf[usait] 淋巴细胞acute exacerbation [[5kju:t ek7sAs[5beiF[n] 急性发作allergen [5Al[dV[n] 过敏breathlessness [5breWlisni:s] 气短bronchial challenge test [5brRNki[l 5tFAlindV test] 支气管激发实验bronchial choditor test [5brRNki[l test] 支气管扩张实验diurnal variation of pef [dai5\:n([)l ve[ri5eiF([)n]inhaled (inhalation) [in5heil (7inh[5leiF[n)] 吸入metered dose inhaler [5mi:t[(r) d[us in5heil[(r)] 定量吸入anticholinergics [Anti7k[uli5n\:dVik] 抗胆碱sodium cromoglycate [5s[undi[m ] 色甘酸二钠ventilatory support [ s[5pR:t] 通气支持lung function tests [lQN 5fQNkF([)n test] 肺功能实验lung volume [lQN 5vRlju:m] 肺容量vital capacity [ k[5pAsiti] 肺活量forced vital capacity [fR:st k[5pAsiti] 用力肺活量forced expiratory volume in one second fev1 [fR:st ik5spai[r[t[ri 5vRlju:m 5sek[nd ] 第一秒用力呼气量minute ventilation [5minit 7venti5leiF[n] 分钟通气量alveolar ventilation [Al5vi[l[(r) 7venti5leiF[n] 肺泡通气量maximal voluntory ventilation [5mAksim([)l 7venti5leiF[n]最大通气量ventilation/perfusion ratio [7venti5leiF[n / per5fju:V[n 5reiF[u]通气/灌注比值diffusing capacity [di5fju:siN k[5pAsiti] 弥散量tidal volume [5taid([)l 5vRlju:m] 潮气量residual volume [ri5zidju[l 5vRlju:m] 残气量functional residual capacity [5fQNkF[n([)l ri5zidju[l k[5pAsiti]功能残气量total lung capacity [5t[ut([)l lQN k[5pAsiti] 肺总量dead space [ded speis] 死腔obstryctive [] 阻塞性的macimal mideexpiratory flow [ fl[u]最大中期呼气流速peak expiratory flow rate [pi:k ik5spai[r[t[ri fl[u reit] 呼气峰流率the ratio of fev1 to fvc fev1/fvc [5reiFi[u ]limitative [5limiteitiv] 限制性的thermotaxic center [ 5sent[(r)] 体温调节中枢exogenous pyrogen [ek5sRdV[n[s 5pai[r[udVin] 外源性致热源pyrogen [5pai[r[udVin] 致热源endogenous pyrogen [en5dRdVin[s 5pai[r[udVin] 内源性致热源setpoint [] 调定点infective fever [in5fektiv 5fi:v[(r)] 感染性发热centris fever [ 5fi:v[(r)] 中枢性发热continus fever [ 5fi:v[(r)] 稽留热remittent fever [ri5mit([)nt 5fi:v[(r)] 弛张热intermittent fever [int[5mit[nt 5fi:v[(r)] 间歇热undulant fever [ 5fi:v[(r)] 波状热recurrenct fever [ 5fi:v[(r)] 回归热irregular fever [i5regjul[(r) 5fi:v[(r)] 不规则热fever type [5fi:v[(r) taip] 热型absorption fever [[b5sR:pF([) 5fi:v[(r)] 吸收热rigor [5raigR:(r)] 寒战crisis [5kraisis] 骤降lysis [5laisis] 渐降pneymococal pneumonia [ nju:5m[uni[] 肺炎球菌肺炎staphylococal pneumonia [ nju:5m[uni[] 葡萄球菌肺炎klebsiellar pneumonia [ nju:5m[uni[] 克雷白杆菌肺炎legionairzes disease [ di5zi:z] 军团菌病mgcoplasmal pneumonia [ nju:5m[uni[] 支原体肺炎canclidiasis [] 念珠菌病pulmonary aspergillosis [5pQlm[n[ri A7sp\:dVi5l[usis] 肺曲菌病pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [ nju:5m[uni[] 卡氏肺囊虫肺炎ceftriazone [] 头孢三嗪ceftazidine [] 头孢他啶augmetin [] 安天菌timentin [] 特美订cefotaxime [] 头孢噻piperaxillin [] 哌拉西林clindamycin [7klind[5maisin] 克林酶素erythomycin [] 红酶素anaerobe [A5ne[r[ub] 厌氧菌hyperthyroidism [haip[5WairRidiz([)m] 甲状腺机能亢进症hypothyroidism [haip[u5WairRidiz([)m] 甲状腺机能减退症subacute thyroiditis [7sQb[5kju:t 7WairRi5daitis] 亚急性甲状腺炎chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis [5krRnik 7limf[u5sitik 7WairRi5daitis]慢性淋巴性甲状腺炎simple goiter [5simp([)l ] 单纯性甲状腺肿thyrotoxicosis [5Wair[u7tRksi5k[usis] 甲状腺毒症hashitoxicosis [] 桥本甲亢tapazole [] 他巴唑propylthiouracil [] 丙基硫氧嘧啶levothyroxine [] 左旋甲状腺素iodine-induced hyperthyroidism [ haip[5WairRidiz([)m] 碘甲亢neonatal hyperthyroidism [7ni:[u5neit[l haip[5WairRidiz([)m] 新生儿甲亢endemic struma [en5demik 5stru:m[] 地方性甲状腺肿myxedema coma [7miks[5di:m[ 5k[um[] 黏液性水肿昏迷infiltrative exophthalmus [] 浸润性的突眼benign exophtalmus [bi5nain ] 良性突眼thyroid crisis [5WairRid 5kraisis] 甲状腺中毒危象octreotide [] 长效生长抑素propranolol [pr[u5prAn[lRl] 心得安hydrocortisone [7haidr[u5kR:tiz[un] 氢化可的松pituitary tumours [pi5tju:t[ri (pi5tu:[teri) ] 垂体瘤prolactunoma [] 泌乳素瘤acromegaly [7Akr[u5meg[li] 肢端肥大growth hormone deficiency [gr[uW 5hR:m[un di5fiF[nsi]生长激素缺乏性侏儒hypooituitarism [] 垂体功能低下macroadenoma [] 大腺瘤microadenoma [] 微小腺瘤gigantism [dVai5gAntiz[m] 巨人症diabetes insipidus [dai[5bi:ti:z ] 尿崩症empty sella [5empti ] 空泡蝶鞍vasopresin [] 加压素somatomedins [7s[um[t[5mi:din] 生长介素vasopresin [] 催产素supraoptic nucleus son [7sju:pr[5Rptik 5nju:kli[s sQn] 下丘脑上核paraventicular nucleus pvn [ 5nju:kli[s] 室旁核baroregulation [] 压力调节prolactin prl [pr[u5lAktin] 催乳素bromocriptine [7br[um[5knpti:n] 溴隐亭antidiuretic hormore [Anti7daiju[5retik ] 抗利尿激素anorexia nervosa [An[5reksi[ ] 神经性厌食ulcerative colits [] 溃疡性结肠炎crpjms disease [ di5zi:z] 克隆氏病inflammatory bowel disease ibs [in5flAm[t[ri 5b[u[l di5zi:z] 炎症性肠病fissurine ulcer [ 5Qls[(r)] 裂隙状溃疡sulfasalazine sasp [] 水杨酸偶氯磺胺吡啶skip area [skip 5e[i[] 跳跃区megacolon [] 巨结肠diarrhea [7dai[5ri[] 腹泻colonoscopy [7k[ul[5nRsk[pi] 肠镜abdominal distention [Ab5dRmin[l dis5tenF[n] 腹水barium enema [5be[ri[m 5enim[]tenderness [] 压痛rebound tenderness [5ri:b[und ] 反跳痛liver cirrhosis [5liv[(r) si5r[usis] 肝硬化hepatic cirrhosis [hi5pAtik si5r[usis] 肝硬化mcburneys point [ pRint] 麦氏点murphys sign [5m\:fi sain] 莫非征hodgkings disease [ di5zi:z] 霍奇金病acute peritonitis [[5kju:t perit[5naitis] 急性腹膜炎peptic ulcer [5peptik 5Qls[(r)] 消化性溃疡troubes area [ 5e[ri[] 讨贝区barium enema [5be[ri[m 5enim[] 钡灌肠shifting dullness [ dQlni:s] 移动性浊音umbilical region [Qm5bilik([)l 5ri:dV[n] 脐部pneumoperitoneum [] 气腹dough kneading sensation [d[u ni:diN sen5seiF([)n] 揉面感perustalsis [] 蠕动liver thrill [5liv[(r) Wril] 肝震颤courvoisiers sign [ sain] 无痛胆囊肿大征sheehans disease [ di5zi:z] 席汉氏病gurgling sound [5g\:g([)liN saund] 肠鸣音scratch sound [skrAtF saund] 搔弹音abdominal wall varoices [Ab5dRmin[l wR:l ] 腹壁静脉曲张gastral patten [5gAstr[l 5pAt([)n] 胃型friction sound [5frikF([)n saund] 摩擦音apical belly [5eipik([)l 5beli] 尖腹frog belly [frRg (frR:g) 5beli] 腹水ascites [[5saiti:z] 蛙腹cachexia [k[5keksi[] 恶液质abdominal bulge [Ab5dRmin[l 5bQldV] 腹部膨隆abdominal retraction [Ab5dRmin[l ri5trAkF[n] 腹部凹陷epigestric region [ 5ri:dV[n] 上腹部scaphoid abdomen [5skAfRid 5Abd[m[n] 舟状腹spider [5spaid[(r)] 蜘蛛痣board-like rigidity [ laik ri5dVid[ti] 板样硬度addisons disease [ di5zi:z] 阿狄森病budd-chiaris syndrome [bQd 5sindr[um] 柏-查综合征cullens sign [ sain] 腹部皮下兰色征costovertebral anbgle [] 肋脊角fluctuation [] 波动感fluid thrill [5flu:id Wril] 液波震颤succusion splash [ splAF] 震水音intestinal obstruction [in5testin[l [b5strQkF[n] 肠梗阻ruler pressing test [5ru:l[(r) 5presiN test] 尺压实验melena [m[5li:n[] 黑便hepatic [hi5pAtik] 肝纤维化portal hyptrtension [5pR:t([)l ] 门脉高压portal-systemic shunting [5pR:t([)l sis5teimik FQntiN ] 门体分流bridging necrosis [5bridVin ne5kr[usis] 桥状坏死ascite jaundice [ 5dVR:ndis] 黄疸hepatic encephalopathy [hi5pAtik en7sef[5lRp[Wi] 肝性脑病endoscopy [] 内镜endoscopic biopy [7end[5skRpik ] 活检diagnostic endoscopy [dai[g5nRstik ] 诊断内镜therapeutic endoscopy [Wer[5pju:tik ] 治疗内镜gastroscopy [gAs5trRsk[pi] 胃镜colonoscopy [7k[ul[5nRsk[pi] 肠镜fiberoptic endoscope [ 5end[usk[up] 纤维胃镜sclerotherapy [] 硬化疗法endoscopic uffrasound [7end[5skRpik ] 内镜超声。
内科专业英语试题及答案
内科专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of anemia?A. FatigueB. Pale skinC. Frequent urinationD. Shortness of breathAnswer: C2. The term "hyperglycemia" refers to:A. High blood pressureB. High blood sugarC. High cholesterolD. High blood calciumAnswer: B3. What is the medical term for inflammation of the heart muscle?A. MyocarditisB. PericarditisC. EndocarditisD. CarditisAnswer: A4. Which of the following is a type of autoimmune disease?A. DiabetesB. ArthritisC. HypertensionD. AsthmaAnswer: B5. The abbreviation "COPD" stands for:A. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseB. Chronic Organ Pathology DisorderC. Chronic Osteoporosis Prevention DiseaseD. Chronic Oral Pathology DisorderAnswer: A6. Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of blood sugar levels?A. InsulinB. GlucagonC. ThyroxineD. CortisolAnswer: A7. What is the medical term for a blood clot within a blood vessel?A. ThrombosisB. EmbolismC. HematomaD. AneurysmAnswer: A8. The condition known as "gout" is caused by a buildup of which substance in the body?A. CalciumB. Uric acidC. TriglyceridesD. CholesterolAnswer: B9. Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxification in the body?A. LiverB. KidneysC. LungsD. HeartAnswer: A10. The abbreviation "IBS" stands for:A. Irritable Bowel SyndromeB. Inflammatory Bowel SyndromeC. Intestinal Blood SyndromeD. Intrinsic Bowel SyndromeAnswer: A二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The medical term for the condition where the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus is ________.Answer: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)12. A person with ________ has an abnormally high level of thyroid hormones.Answer: Hyperthyroidism13. Diabetes is characterized by ________ levels of glucose in the blood.Answer: High14. The term "pneumonia" refers to an infection of the________.Answer: Lungs15. The ________ is the largest organ in the human body. Answer: Skin16. A ________ is a medical professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the heart and blood vessels.Answer: Cardiologist17. The ________ is the process by which the body breaks down food into energy.Answer: Metabolism18. A ________ is a type of cancer that originates in the blood.Answer: Leukemia19. The hormone ________ is produced by the pancreas andhelps regulate blood sugar levels.Answer: Insulin20. The ________ is the tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.Answer: Ureters三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）21. What is the difference between acute and chronic diseases?Answer: Acute diseases are short-term conditions that have a rapid onset and typically resolve quickly with treatment oron their own. Chronic diseases, on the other hand, are long-lasting conditions that persist over time and may require ongoing management and treatment.22. Explain the function of the spleen in the body.Answer: The spleen is an important organ in the lymphatic system. It filters blood, removes old or damaged red blood cells, and produces white blood cells that fight infections.It also stores platelets and can play a role in the immune response.23. Describe the role of insulin in the body.Answer: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. It allows cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream, which is then usedfor energy or stored for future use. Insulin helps maintain blood sugar levels within a normal range.24. What are the common symptoms of a stroke?Answer: Common symptoms of a stroke include sudden numbnessor weakness on one side of the body, confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech, difficulty seeing in one or both eyes, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, and severe headache with no known cause. These symptoms can indicate a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.四、论述题（每题10分，共20分）25. Discuss the importance of a balanced diet in。
医学英语——医院科室大全
医学英语——医院科室大全medical department; department of internal medicine：内科surgical deparment;department of surgery：外科pediatrics department：小儿科obstetrics and gynecology department：妇产科ophtalmology department：眼科dental department：牙科ENT(ear-nose-throat)department：耳鼻喉科urology department：泌尿科dermatology department; skin department：皮肤科orthopedic surgery department：矫形外科traumatology department：创伤外科plastic surgery：整形外科anesthesiology department：麻醉科pathology department：病理科cardiology department：心脏病科psychiatry department：精神病科orthopedics department：骨科department of cardiac surgery：心脏外科department of cerebral surgery：胸外科neurology department：神经科neurosurgery department：神经外科thoracic surgery department：脑外科department of traditional Chinese medicine：中医科registration office：挂号处out-patient department：门诊部in-patient department：住院部nursing department：护理部consulting room：诊室waiting room：候诊室emergency room：急诊室admitting office：住院处operation room：手术室X-ray department：放射科blood bank：血库dispensary; pharmacy：药房ward：病房laboratory：化验室。
医学英语丨内科常用词汇
医学英语丨内科常用词汇abdomen 腹部accommodation reflex 调节反射acutc appendicitis 急性兰尾炎acute myocardial infaction 急性心肌梗塞acute peritionitis 急性腹膜炎anemia 贫血aortic insufficiency 主动脉瓣关闭不全aortic valve stenosis 主动脉狭窄apical belly 尖腹apical four chamber view 心尖四腔图apical inpulse 心尖搏动appendicitis 阑尾炎arrhythmia 心律失常articulatio 关节ascites 腹水atrial flutter 心房扑动audation 听力auricle 耳廓auscultation 听诊barrel chest 桶状胸blood pressure 血压blood vessel 血管board-like rigidity 板状腹bronchial breath sound 支气管呼吸音bronchophony 支气管语音bronchovesicular breath sound 支气管肺泡呼吸音bundle branch block 束支阻滞cachexia 恶液质cadiac asthma 心源性哮喘cardiac auscultation 心脏听诊cardiac dilatation 心脏扩大cardiac souffle 心脏杂音cardiologist 心脏病学家cheat discomfort 胸部不适chief complaint 主诉childbearing history 生育史circulation system physical diagnostic 循环系统的物诊学cirrhosis of liver 肝硬变clinician 临床家colonosopy 肠镜concentric stenosis 中心狭窄conduction system 传导系统conjunctiva 结膜continus fever 稽留热convergence reflex 幅奏反射cough cyanosis 紫绀dappler 多普勒depolarization 除级diagnosis 诊断diffusion capacity 弥散量dilated congestive cardiomyopathy 扩张性心肌病dullness 浊音duodenal ulcer 十二指肠溃疡dyspnea 呼吸困难dyspnea 呼吸困难dysuria 尿痛。
中医内科专业英语术语
中医内科专业英语术语Chinese Medicine Internal Medicine Terminology.1. Basic Principles of Chinese Medicine.Yin and Yang: The fundamental opposing forces in nature, representing opposite yet complementary aspects of all phenomena. In health, the body maintains a dynamic balance between Yin and Yang.Qi (Chi): The vital energy that flows throughout the body, maintaining life and promoting all bodily functions.Five Elements: A philosophical system representing interactions among Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water, which correspond to different bodily organs and functions.2. Diagnostic Methods.Four Diagnostic Methods: Inspection, auscultation andolfaction, inquiry, and palpation, used to gather information about a patient's condition.Tongue Diagnosis: Evaluation of the tongue's color, shape, coating, and other characteristics to assess a patient's health status.Pulse Diagnosis: Feeling the pulse at specific locations on the wrist to detect abnormalities in the flow of Qi and blood.3. Internal Medicine Conditions.Qi Deficiency: A condition characterized by a lack of vital energy, manifesting as fatigue, weakness, and a tendency to illness.Blood Deficiency: A condition where there is a lack of nourishment to the body, leading to paleness, dizziness, and other symptoms.Yang Deficiency: A condition in which the warming andprotective aspect of Qi is deficient, manifesting as cold symptoms, fatigue, and a weakened immune system.Yin Deficiency: A condition in which the nourishingand moisturizing aspect of Qi is deficient, causing dryness, heat symptoms, and possible impaired cognitive function.4. Therapeutic Principles and Methods.Syndrome Differentiation: The process of diagnosing a patient based on their symptoms, signs, and overall condition, to determine the underlying cause of their illness.Herbal Medicine: The use of plants and other natural substances to correct imbalances in the body and treat disease.Acupuncture: The insertion of fine needles at specific points on the body to stimulate the flow of Qi and调和气血.Moxibustion: The burning of mugwort on specificacupoints to warm meridians, disperse cold, and promote the flow of Qi and blood.5. Common Conditions and Their Treatment.Digestive Disorders: Conditions affecting the gastrointestinal system, such as indigestion, diarrhea, and constipation, are commonly treated with herbal formulasthat harmonize the Spleen and Stomach functions.Respiratory Disorders: Conditions like asthma, bronchitis, and cough are often treated with herbs that nourish the Lungs and disperse Lung Qi stagnation.Cardiovascular Disorders: Conditions affecting the heart, such as angina and arrhythmias, are treated with herbs that nourish the Heart and regulate blood flow.Emotional Disorders: Conditions like anxiety, depression, and insomnia are often addressed with herbsthat nourish the Heart and Liver, and harmonize the Spirit.6. Conclusion.The terminology of Chinese Medicine Internal Medicineis vast and deep, reflecting a complex yet harmonious understanding of the human body and its relationship to the universe. The principles of Yin and Yang, the Five Elements, and the flow of Qi through the meridians underlie all diagnostic and therapeutic methods. The art of diagnosing and treating patients requires a profound knowledge ofthese principles, as well as a keen observation of the patient's condition and response to treatment. The use of herbal medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion are just afew of the tools employed by Chinese Medicine practitioners to restore balance and promote health in their patients.。
中医内科英语
中医内科英语Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Internal Medicine in EnglishTraditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a holistic approach to healthcare that has been practiced in China for thousands of years. It is a comprehensive system of medicine that encompasses various modalities, including herbal remedies, acupuncture, massage, and dietary therapy. TCM internal medicine, in particular, focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of health conditions affecting the internal organs and systems of the body.At the core of TCM internal medicine is the concept of qi or vital energy. According to TCM theory, qi flows through a network of channels or meridians throughout the body and is essential for maintaining overall health and well-being. Imbalances or blockages in the flow of qi can lead to the development of various health problems. TCM practitioners use a variety of diagnostic techniques, such as pulse diagnosis and tongue examination, to assess the state of a patient's qi and identify the underlying cause of their condition.One of the key principles of TCM internal medicine is the idea of holistic treatment. TCM practitioners view the body as ainterconnected system, where the different organs and systems work together to maintain balance and harmony. Instead of focusing on individual symptoms, TCM practitioners aim to address the root cause of the problem by considering the patient's overall physical, emotional, and environmental factors.Another important aspect of TCM internal medicine is the use of herbal remedies. TCM practitioners have developed a vast pharmacopeia of natural plant-based medicines, each with its own unique properties and therapeutic applications. These herbal formulas are often tailored to the individual patient's needs, taking into account factors such as their specific symptoms, constitution, and any underlying imbalances.In addition to herbal medicine, TCM internal medicine also utilizes other modalities, such as acupuncture and moxibustion. Acupuncture involves the insertion of fine needles at specific points along the body's meridians to help restore the flow of qi and alleviate symptoms. Moxibustion, on the other hand, is the practice of burning the dried leaves of the mugwort plant on or near the skin to stimulate specific acupuncture points and promote healing.One of the key strengths of TCM internal medicine is its emphasis on preventative care. TCM practitioners believe that it is essential to maintain a healthy lifestyle and balance in order to prevent the onsetof disease. They often recommend dietary and lifestyle modifications, as well as the use of herbal tonics and other preventative measures, to help patients maintain optimal health and well-being.Despite its long history and widespread use in China, TCM internal medicine is still relatively unknown in many parts of the world. However, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in and acceptance of TCM practices, particularly as more people seek alternative and complementary approaches to healthcare.One of the main challenges in the global adoption of TCM internal medicine is the need for greater scientific research and validation. While there is a wealth of anecdotal evidence and traditional knowledge supporting the efficacy of TCM practices, there is a need for more rigorous clinical trials and studies to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of these treatments.Another challenge is the lack of standardization and regulation in the field of TCM. With a vast array of herbal formulas and treatment protocols, it can be difficult to ensure consistent quality and safety. This has led to concerns about the potential for adulteration or contamination of TCM products, which has hindered its acceptance in the global healthcare community.Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of TCM internalmedicine are increasingly being recognized. Many healthcare professionals and researchers are collaborating with TCM practitioners to explore ways of integrating TCM practices with Western medical approaches, in an effort to provide patients with a more comprehensive and holistic approach to healthcare.In conclusion, TCM internal medicine is a rich and complex system of healthcare that has been practiced in China for centuries. With its emphasis on holistic treatment, the use of natural remedies, and a focus on preventative care, TCM internal medicine offers a unique and valuable perspective on healthcare that has the potential to complement and enhance Western medical practices. As the global interest in TCM continues to grow, it is likely that we will see an increased integration of these ancient practices into the modern healthcare landscape.。
内科学专业英语
内科学专业英语In the realm of medical education, Internal Medicine stands as a pivotal discipline, encompassing a breadth of knowledge and skills essential for diagnosing and managing diseases affecting adults. As the field continues to evolve, the language of Internal Medicine has also expanded, necessitating a proficiency in both general medical English and specialized terminology. This fusion of general and specialized language is crucial for effective communication among healthcare providers, ensuring that patients receive the best possible care.The foundation of Internal Medicine lies in a solid understanding of basic medical sciences, including anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology. This knowledge is further augmented by a deep dive into the intricacies of internal diseases, their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment modalities. The language of Internal Medicine is thus a blend of basic medical terminology and specialized vocabulary, reflecting the unique challenges and complexities of diagnosing and managing internal disorders.Effective communication in Internal Medicine requires a mastery of both medical English and specialty-specific terminology. Medical English, being the lingua franca of global healthcare, facilitates the exchange of ideas and information among healthcare providers across borders. Specialty-specific terminology, on the other hand, ensures precision and accuracy in diagnosing and treating patients, as it captures the nuances and subtleties of internal diseases.The importance of Internal Medicine terminology cannot be overstated. Accurate diagnosis, for instance, hinges on a healthcare provider's ability to recognize and interpret the signs and symptoms presented by a patient. This requires a thorough understanding of Internal Medicine terminology, enabling providers to quickly and accurately identify the underlying condition. Similarly, effective treatment relies on a provider's familiarity with thelatest evidence-based guidelines and therapies, which are often communicated using specialized terminology.In addition to clinical practice, Internal Medicine terminology also plays a crucial role in research andeducation. The development of new therapies and treatment strategies hinges on the ability of researchers to communicate their findings using a common language. Similarly, medical students and residents rely on Internal Medicine terminology to gain a fundamental understanding of diseases and their management.In conclusion, Internal Medicine terminology is a vital component of effective healthcare delivery. It serves as a bridge between general medical English and specialized knowledge, facilitating communication and collaboration among healthcare providers. As the field of Internal Medicine continues to progress, so must our proficiency in its language, ensuring that we are equipped to diagnose and treat the diseases of tomorrow.**内科学专业英语：沟通之桥**在医学教育领域，内科学是一门至关重要的学科，涵盖了诊断和治疗成人疾病的广泛知识和技能。
内科学常见疾病英语词汇
Acute upper respiratory tract infection急性上呼吸道感染Influenza 流行性感冒Acute tracheobronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎Pneumonia 肺炎Community acquired pneumonia, CAP 社区获得性肺炎Hospital acquired pneumonia,, HAP 医院获得性肺炎Lung abscess 肺脓肿Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张症Pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核Chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD慢性阻塞性肺病Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘Airway hyperresponsiveness 气道高反应性Bronchial provocation test 支气管激发试验Pulmonary thromboembolism 肺血栓栓塞症Cor pulmonale 肺心病Interstitial lung disease, ILD 间质性肺疾病Sarcoidisis 结节病Pleural effusions 胸水Pneumothorax 气胸Primary bronchigenic carcinoma 肺癌Sleep spnea hypopnea syndrome 睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征Respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭Acute respiratory distress syndrome ,ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ，MODS 多器官功能障碍综合征Heart failure 心力衰竭Atrial premature beats 房性期前收缩Atrial tachycardia 房性心动过速Atrial flutter 心房扑动Atrial fibrillation 心房颤动Primary hypertension 高血压Atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Coronary heart disease 冠状动脉性心脏病Stable angina pectoris 稳定型心绞痛/稳定型劳力性心绞痛Unstable angina ，UA 不稳定型心绞痛Myocardial infarction 心肌梗死Remodeling 心室重塑Valvular heart disease 心脏瓣膜病Mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄Mitral incompetence 二尖瓣关闭不全Aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄Dilated cardiomyopathy ,DCM 扩张型心肌病Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ，HCM 肥厚型心肌病Restrictive cardiomyopathy RCM 限制型心肌病Myocarditis 心肌炎Acute pericarditis 急性心包炎Aortic dissection 主动脉夹层Peripheral arterial disease .PAD 周围动脉病Cardopvascular neurosis 心血管神经症gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD 胃食管返流性疾病carcinoma of the esophagus 食管癌acute gastritis 急性胃炎chronic gastritis 慢性胃炎peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡gastric carcinoma 胃癌intestinal tubervulosis 肠结核tuberculous peritonitis 结核性腹膜炎inflammatory vowel disease ,IBD 炎症性肠病ulcerative colitis, UC 溃疡性结肠炎Crohn’s disease， CD 克罗恩病Colorectal carcinoma 大肠癌Functional gastrointestinal disorder 功能性胃肠病Functional dyspepsia，FD，功能性消化不良Irritable bowel syndrome ，IBS 肠易激综合征Chronic diarrhea ，慢性腹泻Fatty liver disease 脂肪性肝病Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ，NAFLD 非酒精性脂肪性肝病Alcoholic fatty liver disease ，酒精性脂肪性肝病Autoimmume hepatitis ，AIH 自身免疫性肝病Primary biliary cirrhosis ，PBC 原发性胆汁性肝硬化Primary sclerosing cholangitis ，PSC 原发性硬化性胆管炎Hepatic cirrhosis 肝硬化Portal hypertension 门静脉高压Hepatorenal syndrome , HRS，肝肾综合征Hepatopulmonary syndrome ，HPS 肝肺综合征Primary carcinoma of the liver 原发性肝癌Alpha fetoprotein ，AFP 甲胎蛋白Hepatic encephalopathy ，HE 肝性脑病Acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎Mild Acute pancreatitis, MAP 轻症胰腺炎Severe Acute pancreatitis ,SAP 重症胰腺炎Chronic pancreatitis , CP 慢性胰腺炎Carcinoma of pancreas 胰腺癌Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage 上消化道出血Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage 消化道出血Glonerular basement membrane ,GBM 肾小球基底膜Acute glomerulonephritis 急性肾小球肾炎Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 急进性肾小球肾炎Chronic glomerulonephritis 慢性肾小球肾炎Asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria 无症状性血尿/蛋白尿（隐匿型肾小球肾炎）Nephrotic syndrime，NS 肾病综合征Evidence-based ,medicine, EBM 循证医学Acute intersititial nephritis ，AIN 急性间质性肾炎Chronic interstitial nephritis ，CIN 慢性间质性肾炎Urinary tract infection ，UTI 尿路感染Renal tubular acedosis ，RTA 肾小管酸中毒Renal artery stenosis 肾动脉狭窄Renal artery embolism 肾动脉栓塞Renal artery thrombosis 肾动脉血栓Hypertensive nephrosclerosis 高血压肾硬化症Benign arteriolar nephrosclerosis 良性小动脉性肾应硬化症Malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis 恶性小动脉性肾硬化症Renal vein thromboosis ，RVT 深静脉血栓形成Acute renal failure ，ARF 急性肾衰竭Chronic ranal failure ，慢性肾衰竭Stem cell 干细胞Totipotent 全能Anemia 贫血Aplastic anemia ，AA 再生障碍性贫血Pure red cell anemia ,PRCA 纯红细胞障碍性贫血Congenitial dyserythropoietic anemia ，CDA 先天性红细胞生成异常性贫血Iron depletion ,，ID 铁耗尽Iron deficient anemia ，IDA 缺铁性贫血Megaloblastic anemia ，MA 巨幼红细胞贫血Hemolytic anemia ，HA 溶血性贫血Hereditary spherocytosis ，遗传性球形细胞增多症Autoimmune hernolytic anemia ，AIHA 自身免疫性溶血性贫血Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria ，PNH 阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿Leukopenia 白细胞减少Myelodysplastic syndromes ，MDS 骨髓增生异常综合征Refractory anemia ，RA 难治性贫血Leukemia 白血病Chronic leukemia ，CL 慢性白血病Chronic myeloid leukemia ，CML 慢性髓细胞白血病Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia ， CLL 慢性淋巴细胞白血病Hairy cell leukemia , HCL 毛细胞白血病Prolymphodcyte leukemia ， PLL 幼淋巴细胞白血病Acute myeloid leukemia ， AML 急性髓细胞白血病/急性粒细胞白血病M0 :minimally differentiatedAML 急性髓细胞白血病微分化型M1 ：AML without maturation 急性粒细胞白血病未分化型M2 AMLwith maturation 急性粒细胞白血病部分分化型M3 acute puomyelocytic leukemia ，APL 急性早幼粒细胞白血病M4 acute myelomonocytic leukemia ，AMML 急性粒-单核细胞白血病M4Eo AML with monocytic leukemia ， AM o L 急性单核细胞白血病M5 :acute monocytic leukemia ，AMoL 急性单核细胞白血病M6 Erythroleukemia ，EL 红白细胞白血病M7 acute megakaryokaruoblastic leukemia ，AMeL 急性巨核细胞白血病Lymphoma 淋巴瘤Hodgkin lymphoma ， HL 霍奇金淋巴瘤Non-hodgkin lymphoma ，NHL 非霍奇金淋巴瘤Multiple myeloma ，MM 多发性骨髓瘤Myeloproliferative disease ，MPD 骨髓增生性疾病Polycythemia vera ， PV 真性红细胞增多症Primary thrombocythemia ，原发性血小板增多症Primary myelofibrosis ，原发性骨髓纤维化症Hypersplenism 脾功能亢进症Purpura 紫癜Vascular purpura 血管性紫癜Thrombocytic purpura 血小板性紫癜Allergic purpura / schonlein-henochsyndrome 过敏性紫癜Idiopathic thrombocytopenec purpura ，ITP 特发性血小板减少性紫癜Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ，TTP 血栓性血小板减少性紫癜Hemophilia 血友病Von willebrand disease ，vWD 血管性血友病Disseminated intravascular coagulation ，DIC 弥散性血管内凝血Thrombosis 血栓形成Hematopoietic stem cell transpantation ， HSCT 造血干细胞移植Gigantism 巨人症Acromegaly 肢端肥大症Growth hormone deficiency dwafism ，GHD 生长激素缺乏性侏儒症Diabetes insipidus ，DI 尿崩症Argenine vasopressin ，AVP 精氨酸加压素/antidiyretichormone ，ADH 抗利尿激素Syndrome of inappropriate antidiretichormone secretion ，SIADH 抗利尿激素分泌失调综合征Goiter 甲状腺肿Iodine deficiency disorders ，IDD 碘缺乏病Simple goiter 单纯性甲状腺肿Endemic goiter 地方性甲状腺肿Thyrotoxicosis 甲状腺毒症Hypertyyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进症Destructive thyrotixicosis 破坏性甲状腺毒症Hypothroidism 甲状腺功能减退症Primary hypothyroidism 原发性甲减Rertiary hypothyroidism 三发性甲减Central hypothyroidism 中枢性甲减Subacute thyroiditis 亚急性甲状腺炎Autoimmune thyroiditis ，AIT 自身免疫性甲状腺炎Thyroid nodule 甲状腺结节Thyroid cancer 甲状腺癌Cushing's syndrome 库欣综合征Primary aldosteronism 原发性醛固酮增多症Chronic adrenocortical hypofunction /Addison disease 原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症Pheochromocytoma 嗜铬细胞瘤Hyperparathyroidism 原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进Hypoparathyroidism 甲状旁腺功能减退症Miltiple endocrine neoplasia ，MEN 多发性内分泌腺瘤病Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病、Hypoglycemia 低血糖症Dyslipidemia 血脂异常Obesity 肥胖症Hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症Gout 痛风Osteoporosis ，OP 骨质疏松症Rheumatic diseases 风湿性疾病Rheimatoed arthritis ，RA 类风湿性关节炎Systemic lupus erythematosus ，SLE 系统红斑性狼疮Lupus nephristis ，LN 狼疮肾炎Seronegative spondyloarthropathies 血清阴性脊柱关节病Ankylosing spondylitis ，AS 强直性脊柱炎Reactive arthritis ，ReA 反应性关节炎 / Reiter syndrome ，RS Sjogren syndrome ，SS 干燥综合征Vasculitides 血管炎病Takayasu arteritis ， TA 大动脉炎Giant cell arteritis ，GCA 巨细胞动脉炎Polyarteritis nodosa ，PAN 结节性动脉炎Idiopathic inflammatory myositis ，IIM 特发性炎症性肌病Systemic sclerosis ，SSc 系统性硬化性病Osteoarthritis ， OA 骨关节炎Fibromyalgia syndrome ， FS 纤维肌痛综合征。
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医学研究生内科复试专业英语Gastric mucosa 胃粘膜gastric pits 胃小凹reflux esophagitis 反流性食管炎Castroesophageal Reflux Disease(GERD), 胃食管反流病Barrett’s esophagus Barrett 食管Helicopbacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌lower esophageal sphincter 食管下括约肌upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage 上消化道出血Chronic atrophic gastritis 慢性萎缩性胃炎Chronic superficial gastritis 慢性浅表性胃炎intestinal metaplasia 肠化pangastritis 全胃炎Cancer of the Esophagus, 食道癌Hiatal Hernia, 食管裂孔疝Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), 消化性溃疡病parietal cell 壁细胞proton pump 质子泵kissing ulcer 对吻溃疡acute stress ulcer 急性应激性溃疡Gastrointestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma 胃粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ,ERCP 内镜逆行胰胆管造影Cholelithiasis/Cholecystitis, 胆石症/胆囊炎Acute Pancreatitis, 急性胰腺炎carcinoma of the Pancreatitis 胰腺癌primary carcinoma of the Lier, 原发性肝癌Hepatic encephalopathy 肝性脑病hepatic coma 肝昏迷Appendicitis, 阑尾炎inflammatory bowel disease 炎症性肠病Regional Enteritis (Crohn’s Disease), 局灶性肠炎（克隆氏病）Ulceratie Colitis, 溃疡性结肠炎Intestinal Obstruction, 肠梗阻Dierticular Disease, 肠憩室疾病colorectal cancer 大肠癌carcinoid of large intestine 大肠类癌colorectal lymphoma 大肠恶性淋巴瘤melanosis coli 大肠黑变病Polyposis 息肉病family polyposis coli 家族性结肠息肉病Functional gastrointestinal disorder 功能性胃肠病functional dyspepsia 功能性消化不良irritable bowel syndrome 肠易激综合征chronic diarrhea 慢性腹泻alcoholic lier disease 酒精性肝病autoimmune hepatitis 自身免疫性肝炎cirrhosis of lier 肝硬化Peritonitis, 腹膜炎Hemorrhoids, 痔疮Herniad, 疝Medical Terminology医学术语学(yi xue shu yu xue)Introduction to the First Edition ofMedical TerminologyThis is to serve as an introduction to medical terminology that is commonly in use by the English speaking international medical community. This book is put together with the Chinese language speaker in mind but may be used by English language speakers who wish to familiarize themselves with Chinese medical terminology. It is not intended as a replacement for the arduous study of the Greek and Latin languages, which are the basis of the majority of the words, used by the English speaking medical community, but rather as a beginning in learning the myriad of words and terms in use by the modern medical community. Learning the terms presented in this book will enable the student to understand most of the words and expressions in current use, and armed with the knowledge of the construction of how Greek and Latin words are created should enable the reader, to be able to obtain a comprehension of any new medical vocabulary terms.Chinese has been added to facilitate a better understanding for the intended Chinese reader.In the first part of the book the reader is introduced to the construction of medical terms. Subsequent chapters then delve into the various medical fields, which use terms specific to their disciplines. Abbreviations and terms not of Greek or Latin origin are introduced to familiarize the reader with additional idiosyncrasies in English Medical Terminology.How to Understand Medical terms and ExpressionsThe foundation for medical terms in the English language has it roots in the languages of Latin and Greek. Knowledge of these languages will give a Chinese Medical Professional a much better understanding of an unfamiliar word and or expression. Conversely, the Medical Professional whom has English, as their primary language will benefit from seeing the construction of the Chinese Medical Terminology in their studies of the Chinese language.Familiarize yourself with the Latin, Greek and French works in this Book and you will be able to understand the vast majority of medical terms in use in the English language. When you encounter a word you have never seen before you will be able to understand it’s meaning by “dissecting” the word and knowing its components and how they are used in other words. English being a dynamic language will continue to incorporate more new medical terms and replace older ones, you need to prepare yourself by knowing the material contained within this manual.Medical terminology words and words of importance are in Bold script. Sometimes a definition is given for the word and this will be in parentheses. Chinese is added to those words, which are written in bold script, to help the reader understand the relationship between the English Terminology and the Chinese Terminology. Pinyin is written in (Blue Italic Arial script) within parenthesis. An Example of this format is as follows:Cardiology (the study of the heart) 心脏病学(xin zang bing xue)Observe how in Chinese the word Myocarditis (inflamed muscle layer of heart) 心肌炎(xin ji yan) has a structure, which is not too dissimilar to the English with心(xin) meaning heart, 肌(ji) meaning muscle and炎(yan) meaning inflammation. Using this word dissection technique the non-Chinese speaker can familiarize themselves with the Chinese Medical Terminology. Here is another example to illistrate how nicely the Chinese construct medical words. The Chinese word for big is大(da) and Intestine is 腸(chang). And from the previous example炎(yan) is understood to mean inflammation. So when you start to put them together in wanting to say large intestine you have 大腸(da chang) and for colitis which is an inflammation of the large intestine it is simply大肠炎(da chang yan).Generally there are three basic parts to English medical terms:Word Root 词根(ci gen) This is the central meaning of the term and is usually in the middle of the medical term.Prefix 前缀(qian zhui) Seen at the the beginning of the term it helps to identify the central meaning.Suffix 后缀(hou zhui) Always at the end of the term, the suffix modifies the central meaning as to what or who is interacting with it or what is happening to it.Here is an example of how to take apart a word to understand the term:Myocarditis 心肌炎(xin ji yan)Prefix Word Root Suffixmyo = muscle肌(ji) card = heart 心(xin) itis = inflammation 炎(yan)Myo as the Prefix helps to identify the Word Root card, and it is modifying the Word Root by implicating an inflammation process that is occurring. Ergo, we can now understand that Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle.Prefix change:Myocarditis (inflamed muscle layer of heart) 心肌炎(xin ji yan)Pericarditis (inflamed outer layer of heart) 心包炎(xin bao yan)Endocarditis (inflamed inner layer of heart) 心内膜炎(xin nei mo yan)Suffix change:Cardiologist (a physician specializing in the heart) 心脏病专家(xin zang bing zhuan jia) Cardiomyopathy (damage to heart muscle layer) 心肌症(xin jin zheng)Cardiomegaly (enlargement of the heart) 心脏扩大症(xin zang kuo da zheng)The basics illustrated above are just to introduce the parts of medical terms and demonstrate 示范(shi fan) how moving the parts of the word around modifies the central meaning without changing the Word Root cardio 心(xin).When the Prefix and Suffix changes it can alter the meaning of a term without changing its central meaning by keeping the Word Root the same.Now let us take the Word Root therm 发热(fa re) which means heat, and see how it is used to make words. Hypo is the Prefix and means less, so Hypothermia 体温降低(ti wen jiuan di) can mean less heat. And another Prefix added to therm is Meter which means to measure, consequently a Thermometer 温度计(wen du ji), 体温计(ti wen ji) is a something used to measuring heat. Here both forms of the Chinese word for Thermometer are listed as the Chinese language distinguish between a thermometer used for measuring the air temperature温度计(wen du ji) and another for body temperature体温计(ti wen ji).The following are frequently used word beginnings (prefixes) and word endings (suffixes) used to make up many medical terms. If you know them, you will know the majority of simple medical terms. Note that some organs have more than one word root. For example, let us look at the word Breast乳房(ru fang) which can be written as masto- or mammo-. Typically, one is derived fromthe Greek and one from Latin. You need to know both roots because you may see either of them used. An x-ray of the breast is called a Mammogram 乳房X线照片(ru fang X xian zhao pian) and is used to help detect Mastocarcinoma (breast cancer) 乳癌and if the surgeon must remove the breast then that procedure is termed a Mastectomy乳房切除术(lu fang qie chu shu).Remember the parts that make up medical terminology are prefixes, word roots and suffixes. The most typical sequence is prefix, word root, and suffix with the word root being central but this is not always the case. In this manual you will see a hyphen in front of a suffix to indicate it is added to the end of a word, let us take the example of –itis (inflammation) 炎(yan) or –oma (tumor) 瘤(Liu). Prefixes and word roots are shown as freestanding word parts. A slash and a vowel, such as seen in the example of Leuk/o (white) are called combining forms which make it easier to attach to other word parts, and, make the word easier to pronounce.A larger listing of Root Words, Prefixes and Suffixes are given in AppendixB and is included in this book to help the reader in further dissecting words and understanding them.Common Prefixesa/an = without, none Anemia贫血(pin xue)Hyper = more then normal Hypertension 高血压(gao xue ya)Hyperthermia 过高热(guo gao re)Hypo = less then normal Hypotension 血压过低(Xue ya guo gao)Hypothermia 降低体温(jian de ti wen)Normo = Normal Normotensive 正常血压的(zhen chan xue ya de)Brady = slow Bradycardia 心搏徐缓(xin bo xu huan)Tachy = fast Tachycardia心动过速(xin dong guo su)micro = small Microstomia (abnormally small mouth) 小口的(xiao ko de) macro = large Macrostomia (abnormally large mouth) 颊横裂(jia heng lie)mega/ -megaly = enlarged Megacolon (abnormally large colon) 巨结肠(ju jei chang)Prefixes Showing LocationEndo = within Endoscopy 内窥镜检查法(Nei Kui Jing Jian Cha Fa)Peri = around Perianal (around the anus) 肛门周围的(Gang Men Zhou Wei De)Circum = around Circumcise (to cut around) 环切术(Huan Qie Shu)Retro = behind Retrosternal (behind the breastbone) 胸骨后的(Xiong Gu Hou De)Epi = upon, on top Epidermis (outermost layer of skin) 表皮(Biao Pi)Trans = through Transurethral (through the urinary duct) 经尿道的(Jing Niao Dao De)Intra = within Intravenous (inside the veins, e.g. IV fluids) 静脉内的(Jing Mai Nei De)Sub = below Subclavian (below the clavicle or collar bone) 锁骨下的(Suo Gu Xia De)Prefixes Showing ColorLeuk/o = white Leukemia (Overabundance of white blood cells) 白血病(Bai xue bing)xanth/o = yellow Xanthoma (Yellow tumor) 黄瘤(Huang liu)cyan/o = blue Cyanosis (Blueness due to cold or no O2 in blood) 苍白病(Cang bai bing) melan/o = black Melanoma (Black tumor of the skin) 黑素瘤(Hei su liu)Common Word RootsStomato = Mouth Stomatitis口腔炎(kou qiang yan)Dento = Teeth Dentist牙科医生(Ya ke ti sheng)Glosso/Linguo = Tongue 舌头(she tou) Glossitis 舌炎(She yan),Lingual nerve舌神经(She shen jing)Gingivo=Gums齿龈(Chi yin) Gingivitis齿龈炎(Chi yin yan)Encephalo = Brain 脑(nao) Encephalitis脑炎(Nao yan)Gastro = Stomach胃(Wei) Gastritis胃炎(Wei yan)Entero = Intestine 腸(Chang) Gastroenteritis肠胃炎(Chang wei yan)Colo = Large intestine大腸Colitis大肠炎(Da chang yan)Megacolon巨结肠(ju jie chang)Procto = Anus肛门(Gang men) Proctitis直肠炎(Zhi chang yan),Proctology直肠病学(Zhi chang bing xue)Hepato = Liver肝脏(Gan zang) Hepatitis肝脏炎(Gan zang yan),Hepatomegaly肝肿大(Gan zhong da)Nephro/Rene = Kidney腎(Shen) Nephrosis肾变病(Shen bian bing), 肾病(Shen bing), Renal artery肾脏的动脉(Shen zang de dong mai),orchido = Testis睾丸(Gao wan) Orchiditis 睾丸炎(Gao wan yan)Orchidectomy睾丸切除术(Gao wan qie chu shu)Dermo = Skin 皮肤(pi fu) Dermatitis 皮炎(pi yan)Masto/Mammo = Breast乳房(ru fang) Mastectomy 乳房切除术(ru fang qie chu shu) Mammography 乳房X线照相术(ru fang X xian zhao xiang shu)osteo = Bones 骨骼(gu ge) Osteoporosis 骨质疏松症(gu zhi shu song zheng) Cardio = Heart 心脏(xin zang) Electrocardiogram (ECG) 心电图(xin dian tu)Rhino = Nose鼻子(bi zi) Rhinitis鼻炎(bi yan), 鼻粘膜炎(bi nian mo yan) Phlebo /Veno = Veins 静脉(jin mai) Phlebitis静脉炎, (jing mai yan)Phlebotomy 刺骼, 放血(fang xue)Phlebosclerosis 靜脈硬化(jing mai ying hua)Pneumo/Pulmo = Lung肺(fei) Pneumonitis局限性肺炎(ju xian xing fei yan) Pulmonologist 肺科医生(fei ke yi sheng)Hemo/Emia = Blood 血(xue) Anemia贫血, 贫血症(pin xue, pin xue zheng) Hematologist 血液学家(xue ye xue jia)Common Suffixes-itis = Inflammation炎症(yan zheng) Tonsillitis 扁桃腺炎(bian tao xian yan) Appendicitis 阑尾炎(lan wei yan), 盲肠炎(mang chang yan)-osis = Abnormal 反常的(fan chang de) Cyanosis 苍白病(Cang bai bing)-ectomy = to remove Appendectomy 阑尾切除术(lan weiqie chu shu) Tonsillectomy 扁桃腺切除术(bian tao xian qie chu shu)-otomy = to cut into Tracheotomy (cut into windpipe气管(qi guan ))气管切开术(qi guan qie kai shu)-ostomy = to make a mouth Colostomy 结肠造瘘术(jie chang zhao lou shu)-scopy/ -scopic = to look Colonoscopy结肠镜检查(jie chang jing jian cha)-graphy = recording an image Mammography 乳房X线照相术(ru fang x zhao xiang shu)-gram = image Mammogram 乳房X线照片(ru fanf X xian zhao pian)(X-ray) X光照片(X guang zhao pian)Appendix A Types of Physicians and other Medical ProfessionalsAppendix B Prefixes, Common Root words and SuffixesAppendix C Common Medical AbreviationsAppendix D Medical Terms listed alphabeticallyAbout the AuthorsAppendix ANames of Types of Physicians and other Medical ProfessionalsCardiologist 心脏病学家(xin zang bing xue jia)Cardiovascular Surgeon 心血管外科医生(xin xue guan wai ke yi sheng) 心脏血管医师(xin zang xue guan yi shi)Dentist 牙科医生(Ya ke ti sheng)Epidemiologist流行病学家(liu xing bing xue jia) 流行病专家（liou xing bing zhuan jia ）流行病医师(liu xing bing yi sheng)Gastroenterologist 肠胃病学家(chang wei bing xue jia)Gynecologist 妇科医生(fu ke yi sheng)Hematologist 血液学家(xue ye xue jia)Internist 内科医生(nei ke yi sheng) 实习医生shi xi yi shengNephrologist 肾病专家(shen bing zhuan jia)Neurologist 神经科专门医师(shen jing ke zhuan men yi shi )Neurosurgeon 神经外科医生(shen jing wai ke yi sheng )Obstetrician 产科医师(chang ke yi shi)Oncologist 肿瘤科医师(zhong liu ke yi shi)Orderly 勤务兵(qin wu bing)Orthopedist 整形外科医师(zheng xing wai ke yi shi )Osteopathic Physician 整骨医生(zheng gu yi sheng)Pathologist 病理学家(bing li xue jia)Plastic Surgeon 可塑的外科医生(ke su de wai ke yi sheng) 整形外科医生(xheng xing wai ke yi sheng)Proctologist 直肠病学家(zhi chang bing xue jia)Psychiatrist 精神病学家(jing shen bing xue jia)Public Health Physician 公众的健康内科医生(gong zhong de jian kang yi sheng) 公共卫生医生(gong gong wei sheng yi sheng)Pulmonologist 肺科医生(fei ke yi sheng )Researcher 调查者(diao cha zhe ) 学术研究员(xue shu yan jiu yuan)Rheumatologist 风湿病学家(feng shi bing xue jia)Surgeon 外科医师(wai ke yi shi )Urologist 泌尿科医师(mi niao ke yi shi)Physician Assistant 医生助手(yi sheng zhu shou)Midwife 助产士(zhu chan shi，接生婆(jie sheng po)Nurse 护士(hu shi)Ordery 勤务兵(qin wu bing)Candystriper (volunteer) 糖尿病专家(tang niao bing zhuan jia) 调查者(diao cha yuan) 凝结型（ning jie xing）。