(新教材)2019-2020学年外研版英语必修第二册培优教程练习：Unit 1 Food for thought Period Ⅱ

Period ⅡUsing language——Grammar &
Vocabulary
Grammar(情态动词一)
课前自主预习
[观察句子，总结规律]
① ... I was_able_to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks!
②But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother.
③Mum and I just have_to find a way to get him into the kitchen!
④... we'd_better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies, ...
⑤You needn't try it if you don't want to, Mum said, ...
[我的发现]
以上五个句子都使用了情态动词。

(1)①句中的be able to意为“________”。

(2)②句中的dare意为“________”。

(3)③句中的have to意为“________”。

(4)④句中的'd better为________的缩写，意为“________”。

(5)⑤句中的need意为“________”。

答案：(1)能够(2)胆敢，敢于(3)不得不(4)had better；最好(5)需要
精讲课时语法
一、be able to的用法
be able to意为“能够，有能力”，不仅有时态、人称和数的变化，而且还可以与某些系动词或情态动词连用(通常不与can 连用)，甚至还可以有非谓语形式。

He hasn't_been_able_to get in touch with her.
他一直未能和她联系上。

You might_be_able_to persuade him.
你也许能够说服他。

I hope to_be_able_to do the work.
我希望能干得了这项工作。

I regret not_being_able_to help her.
我很遗憾未能帮助她。

易混辨析can和be able to都可以表示能力，前者泛指一般的能力，只有两种形式，即can, could；后者表示通过努力可以具备具体做到某件事的能力或实现某种状态，重点强调的是要有一个努力的过程。

如：
I can drive a car.(我会开车)
I will_be_able_to drive the car in a week.(隐含着我努力一周后就有能力学会开车的意思)
二、dare的用法
dare既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。

1．dare作情态动词时，表示“敢，敢于”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。

此时的dare没有人称、数和时态的变化，能单独构成否定和疑问。

例如：
Dare you climb that tree?
你敢爬那棵树吗？
He daren't go there because it is very dangerous.
他不敢去那儿，因为那儿很危险。

2．dare用作实义动词时，有时态和人称的变化，用do, does或did来构成否定句或疑问句。

She didn't dare to say a word, did she?
她一句话也没敢说，是吗？
三、have to的用法
have to意为“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为don't/doesn't/didn't have to。

It's too late. I have_to go home now.
天色太晚了，我现在得回家了。

You don't_have_to finish the work now.
你现在没有必要完成这项工作。

易混辨析have to和must的区别
have to表示一种客观的需要，而must表示一种主观的需要。

此外，must还表示“偏要”“非得”的意思。

I have_to attend an important meeting this afternoon.
今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。

I must clean the room because it's dirty.
我必须打扫一下房间，因为太脏了。

四、had better的用法
had better意为“最好”，后跟动词原形，常用来提出建议，或表示迫切地希望、警告等，语气较强。

其中动词had没有人称或数的变化。

had better的简略式为'd better，否定式为had better not。

She'd_better get here soon or she'll miss the opening ceremony.
她最好快点到这儿来，否则她会错过开幕式的。

They had_better_not be late.
他们最好不要迟到。

五、need的用法
1．作情态动词
(1)need作情态动词时，常用于疑问句、否定句或表示疑问的从句中，意为“需要”。

—Need I finish the work today?
—Yes, you must./No, you needn't.
——我需要今天干完这活吗？
——是的，必须干完。

/不用，你不必干完。

(2)needn't 意为“不必”，表示客观上不必如何。

So I needn't pretend, need I?
因此我不必假装，对吧？
2．作实义动词
need作实义动词时，后可接名词、动名词、不定式等，有人称、时态和数的变化。

The bike needs_repairing.
＝The bike needs_to_be_repaired.
这辆自行车需要修理。

选词并用适当形式填空：be able to; dare; have to; had better; need
1．She ________ not go out alone at night.
答案：dare
2．It's quite warm here so we ________ not turn the heating on.
答案：need
3．You ________ arrive early so that you will not miss anything.
答案：had better
4．He ________ walk home yesterday because his car broke down.
答案：had to
5．Neither my wife nor I ________ persuade my daughter to change her mind now.
答案：am able to
6．He ________ play the piano when he was 5 years old.
答案：was able to
Vocabulary
Light industry is closely related_to agriculture.
轻工业和农业密切相关。

②The questionnaire relates_to our lifestyle.
这份问卷调查和我们的生活方式有关。

③It is difficult to relate these results to any known cause.
很难把这些结果和任何已知的原因联系起来。

(1)单句语法填空
①This is an French word ________ (relate) to music.
②We must relate what he says ________ what he does.
答案：①related ②to
(2)单句写作
①未来，工资的增加将和绩效相关。

In the future, pay increases will ________________ productivity.
②他问了一些和他的专业有关的问题。

He asked some questions ____________ his major.
答案：①be related to ②related to
Everyone should keep_a_balanced_diet for the benefit of health. 为了健康，每个人都应该保持平衡的膳食。

②Have you been_on_a_diet? You've lost a lot of weight.
你最近在节食吗？你瘦了好多。

③I've been dieting ever since the birth of my second child.
我生完第二个孩子后就一直在节食。

单句写作
①My sister wants to ________________ (节食), because she thinks she is overweight.
②________________ (均衡的饮食) is important for a child's development.
③Drinking water is a key part of ________________ (健康的饮食) and it makes your skin clearer and takes weight off.
答案：①go on a diet ②A balanced diet ③a healthy diet
After his divorce, Bruce addicted_himself_to drinking, thus losing his job.
离婚后，布鲁斯终日醉酒，结果丢了工作。

②Teenagers who are_addicted_to the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression.
有网瘾的青少年更可能患忧郁症。

③You should stop taking this medicine because it is addictive.
你应该停止服用这种药，因为它令人上瘾。

④Some students are now fighting their addiction to computer games.
现在一些学生正努力戒除对电脑游戏的瘾。

(1)单句语法填空
①Alcohol and tobacco are both highly ________ (addict)．
②He is now fighting his ________ (addict) to alcohol.
③We are addicted to ________ (buy) new things.
答案：①addictive ②addiction ③buying
(2)单句写作
曾经有一段时间他玩电脑游戏上瘾。

There was a time when he __________________ computer games.
答案：was addicted to playing
Take an umbrella with you in_case_of rain.
＝Take your raincoat in_case_(that) it should rain.
带上雨伞，以防下雨。

②In_any_case,_I have to leave soon.
无论如何，我必须尽快离开。

③In_no_case should you leave here.
在任何情况下你都不要离开这里。

单句写作
①对他来说是常有的事，他上课迟到了。

____________________ with him, he was late for class.
②带张地图吧，以防迷路。

Bring a map ____________ you get lost.
③汤姆现在很忙。

在这种情况下，我们就不再等了。

Tom is very busy now. ________________，we won't wait any longer.
④无论如何我不能输掉这次重要比赛。

____________________ this important match.
⑤万一有火警，将玻璃击碎。

____________ fire, break the glass.
答案：①As is often the case②in case③In this case
④In no case can I lose⑤In case of
This proposal differs_from the last one in many important respects.
＝This proposal is_different_from the last one in many important respects.
这个建议在很多重要方面与上一个不同。

②Compare the two pictures and tell_the_difference between them.
比较一下这两幅画，分辨出它们之间的不同。

③One false step will make_a_great_difference.
差之毫厘，谬以千里。

语境串记Though they are twins, they have many differences. First of all, they differ_in hobbies. Jim likes playing football while Tom enjoys playing chess. In addition, they are_different_from each other in shape. Jim is tall and fat while Tom is short and thin.
虽然他们是双胞胎，但他们有许多不同之处。

首先，他们的爱好不同。

吉姆喜欢踢足球，而汤姆喜欢下棋。

此外，他们体形不同。

吉姆又高又胖，而汤姆又矮又瘦。

单句语法填空
①These two books differ ________ colour—one is red and the other is blue.
②Our village is very ________ (difference) from what it was before.
③The behavior of parents makes a great ________ (different) to the children.
答案：①in②different③difference
He strongly recommended_going there by train.
他强烈建议坐火车去那儿。

②Why did you recommend_him_to_take such an important position?
你为什么推荐他担任这么重要的职位？
③Would you recommend_a_book_to_me?
你能给我推荐一本书吗？
④I'll recommend Tom as his assistant.
我要推荐汤姆当他的秘书。

⑤It_is_recommended_that you should consult your doctor.
建议你去咨询医生。

(1)单句语法填空
①It is such a great hotel that I would recommend it ________ any friend of mine who is going to Beijing.
②He recommended ________ (read) the book before seeing the movie.
③It's strongly recommended that the machine ________ (repair) every year.
答案：①to②reading③(should) be repaired
(2)句型转换
The doctor recommended (that) my father (should) take more exercise.
→The doctor recommended my father ____________ more exercise.
答案：to take
Ⅰ.用be able to的适当形式完成句子
1．每个人都看得出两者的区别。

Everyone ________________ see the difference between the two.
答案：is able to
2．由于他的帮忙，我们昨天才能提前完成这项工作。

Thanks to his help, we ________________ finish the work ahead of time yesterday.
答案：were able to
3．我还看不出两者的区别在哪儿。

I ________________ see the difference between the two yet.
答案：haven't been able to
4．如果你睡个好觉，那么你就能做出这道题。

If you have a good sleep, you ________________ work out this problem.
答案：will be able to
5．我对不能帮助你感到抱歉。

I feel bad about ________________ help you.
答案：not being able to
6．他似乎能把复杂的思想用简单的话语说出来。

He seemed ________________ put complicated thought in simple words.
答案：to be able to
Ⅱ.用have to的适当形式完成句子
1．我把自己锁在了我们的公寓外面，不得不破门而入。

I locked myself out of our apartment and ____________ break in.
答案：had to
2．制定计划要从调查研究入手。

To work out a plan, one ____________ start with investigation.
答案：has to
3．我得在5点钟到学校接孩子。

I ________ pick up the children from school at 5 o'clock.
答案：have to
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．我们的老师建议我们定期锻炼以保持身体健康。

Our teacher recommends that ________________________________.
答案：we (should) take exercise regularly
2．犯罪率上升可能与失业率上升有关。

The rise in crime is likely ________________________ an increase in unemployment.
答案：to be related to
3．这两个地区的气候差异很大。

These two regions ________________________.
答案：differ greatly in climate
4．你应该带着你的雨伞以防下雨。

You should take your umbrella ____________________.
答案：in case it rains
5．不言而喻保持平衡的膳食能帮助你保持健康。

It goes without saying that ________________________ can help you stay healthy.
答案：keeping a balanced diet
Ⅳ.一句多译
1．时间很充足，你不必开这么快。

There's plenty of time. You ________________ so fast.
There's plenty of time. You ____________________ so fast.
答案：needn't drive; don't need to drive
2．看看这些花，它们需要浇水了。

Look at the flowers. They need ________.
Look at the flowers. They need ________________.
答案：watering; to be watered
3．他一句话也不敢说。

He ____________ a word.
He ________________ a word.
答案：dare not say; doesn't dare to say
课后课时作业
Ⅰ阅读理解
Turning the lights out or wearing a blindfold while eating could be a quick way to lose weight, according to scientists. The simple trick works because it stops diners eating for pleasure rather than for calories. It also triggers (引发) a part of the brain that is worried that unseen food may go bad.
An experiment by the University of Konstanz, in Germany, found that people who were blindfolded consumed nine percent fewer calories before they felt full, compared to those who could see. They also vastly overestimated how much they had eaten because they could not see how much was left on the plate. Blindfolded volunteers
estimated they had eaten 88 percent more than they actually had.
Scientists believe that not seeing food on the table also allows the body to know when it is full in real time rather than remembering past experiences where it might have taken a full plate to feel full.
In the experiment, 50 people were blindfolded and 40 were allowed to see their food. All were told not to eat within two hours of the experiment. They were then given three 95g bowls of chocolate ice－cream and invited to eat for 15 minutes. Their bowls were taken away and the remaining ice－cream weighed, while the participants were quizzed on how much they thought they had eaten.
On average the group who could see ate 116g while the blindfolded group ate 105g. However, the blindfolded group believed they had eaten 197g while compared with 159g for the non－blind volunteers. They were also asked how pleasant the ice－cream tasted and the blindfolded group rated lower than those who could see.
“The experienced pleasure of eating was significantly lower in the blindfolded group. Not seeing the food might have decreased the appetite. Sight plays an important role in the eat ing experience and in the overall dining experience.”
Previous studies have shown that the visual influence of food plays a large part in the taste. While restaurants that allow diners to eat in the dark state that it triggers other senses, in fact eating in darkness is likely to taste far milder than usual.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家通过研究发现人们在关灯或者戴着眼罩时用餐可以减肥。

1．With the lights out, diners eat less partly because ________.
A．they want to quickly finish their meals
B．they trust their feelings more than ever
C．they focus more on fun than the calories
D．they worry about the quality of the food
答案：D细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句“It also triggers (引发) a part of the brain that is worried that unseen food may go bad.”可知，当关灯后，饮食者可能会担心食物的质量，故选D项。

2．We can learn from the passage that the blindfolded group ________.
A．spent a much longer time eating the same food
B．believed they ate more than they really did
C．depended on past experiences to feel full
D．thought the food tasted better than usual
答案：B细节理解题。

根据第二段最后一句“Blindfolded volunteers estimated they had eaten 88 percent more than they actually had.”以及实验过程可知，戴眼罩进
食的志愿者们对进食量的估计远高于实际情况，故选B项。

3．The last two paragraphs tell us that ________.
A．diners are likely to lose their appetite eating in darkness
B．senses rather than sight play an important role in the taste
C．findings of this experiment differ from the previous studies
D．restaurants benefit a lot from allowing diners to eat in the dark
答案：A推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段中的“Not seeing the food might have decreased the appetite.”并结合最后两段内容可知，最后两段主要讲的是在黑暗中用餐，饮食者可能会降低食欲，故选A项。

4．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．provide statistics related to eating in the dark
B．offer reasons for people to eat in the dark areas
C．inform the readers of the result of an experiment
D．persuade the readers to lose weight in a new way
答案：C推理判断题。

纵观全文可知，本文主要是通过叙述实验过程来告知读者实验结果。

故选C项。

Ⅱ七选五
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. __1__ But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult. __2__ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
__3__ Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh. __4__ When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. __5__ First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices (调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it's ready to serve.
A．Do not buy it.
B．The easiest is to steam it.
C．This is how you can do it.
D．It just requires a little knowledge.
E．The fish will go bad within hours.
F．When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
篇章导读：本文为一篇说明文，介绍了购买、储存和烹饪鱼的小窍门。

1．G上句提到吃鱼对人的健康有益，设空处应是对上句的进一步解释说明，故G项“人们认为鱼的脂肪有助于预防心脏病。

”符合语境。

2．D上句指出：购买、储存和烹饪鱼并不是难事。

设空处承接上句，强调“它只需要一点儿知识”，从而引出下文对这些知识的介绍。

故D项符合语境。

3．F下文指出了新鲜的鱼和不新鲜的鱼都有什么气味，F项“买鱼时应该先闻闻味道”，与下文话题衔接紧密，且F项中的“smell”与下文中的“smell”呼应，符合语境。

4．A上句指出有腥味或者味儿很大的鱼不新鲜，本句承接上句，指出不要购买这样的鱼，故选A项。

5．B上句指出做鱼的方法有很多种，根据下文出现的steam可知此处讲述了蒸鱼的方法，故B项符合语境，意为“最简单的方法就是蒸鱼”。

Ⅲ语法填空
A Bite of China, a mouth-watering late-night documentary television series about Chinese food, __1__ (attract) countless viewers since it was aired on CCTV. It became popular immediately after being shown, and has made viewers go beyond thinking about food __2__ (it)．
From its very beginning, A Bite of China is not just a documentary about food. It is a serious documentary providing __3__ unique view of Chinese as well __4__ the relations between people and food and between people and society. The documentary shows the techniques __5__ (use) in making food and their production process as well as the lives of ordinary people, thus __6__ (touch) the hearts of the audience. A Bite of China shows that the emotions of ordinary Chinese people should be exhibited, and that even a __7__ (complete) commercial (商业的) program can achieve both artistic and commercial success. Being sincere is the most important thing for __8__ (artist) because they cannot move others unless they themselves are first moved.
If you are the one __9__ is curious about the history and stories behind foods of various kinds in China, __10__ (switch) on TV and a fantastic world will spread in front of you.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________7.________8.________
9．________10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍探寻中国美食的节目《舌尖上的中国》
非常火爆的原因。

1．has attracted考查动词的时态。

句意：《舌尖上的中国》，一档让人垂涎的中国美食的深夜纪录片，自从在CCTV播出以来，吸引了无数的观众。

根据时间状语从句since it was aired on CCTV可知，本空应用现在完成时表示对现在的影响。

2．itself考查代词。

句意：(节目)播出后非常受欢迎，让观众不仅仅思考食物本身。

根据句意可知，本空应用反身代词itself表示“食物本身”。

3．a考查冠词。

句意：《舌尖上的中国》是一部严肃的纪录片，对中国人、人与食物以及人与社会的关系进行了一种独特的解读。

因为unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，故本空应用不定冠词a。

4．as考查固定短语。

as well as “和；以及”，故本空应用介词as。

5．used考查非谓语动词。

句意：这部纪录片展示了用于食物制作的技巧、生产过程和普通人的生活，因此触动了很多人的心。

本空作后置定语修饰名词technique，且technique与use之间为被动关系，故本空应用过去分词used。

6．touching考查非谓语动词。

表示自然而然产生的结果，故应用现在分词作结果状语，表示“自然而然，顺理成章”的结果。

7．completely考查词性转换。

句意：甚至一部完全的商业节目也可以取得艺术和商业成功。

本空修饰形容词commercial，故应用副词completely。

8．artists考查名词。

句意：真诚对于艺术家来说是最重要的。

artist为可数名词，本空前没有冠词，故本空应用可数名词复数形式表示一类人。

9．who考查定语从句。

句意：如果你是一个对中国各种各样的食物背后的故事和历史感兴趣的人，那么打开电视，一个神奇的世界就会出现在你面前。

本空引导定语从句，在从句中作主语指人，因为先行词为the one，故应用关系代词who。

10．switch考查祈使句。

本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型，故本空应用动词原形switch。

Ⅳ读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

“Hey！”the voice called from behind me. “Are you a girl or a duck？”I ignored the comments because I knew they were from the mean girl, Betsy. I ran to my class, causing my slight limp (跛行) to become even more apparent. Already, I could see that things would be different here. At my old school, I had a group of friends to protect me. However, in this new school, I was on my own. I took my place in the first row of desks and I was grateful for alphabetic seating. My last name came at the beginning of the alphabet and Betsy's last name came at the end. As the weeks went on, though, I made friends with two girls named Fran and Lisa who sat near me in class.
Whenever Betsy made one of her remarks,_they would wave it off and tell me to ignore her.
Still, I hated that I didn't walk like everyone else. I didn't like not being able to run as fast or as straight as the other kids and I didn't like getting picked last for teams in gym class. Mostly, though, I really hated it when people like Betsy made negative remarks about how I walked.
One day, our teacher asked us to change seats. “Class，” our teacher addressed us one morning, “you've been in the same seats for a full semester and you've become friendly with the students around you. Now it's time to change seats and make some new friends.” The class let out a collective moan (抱怨). As she assigned the new seating, Fran, Lisa, and I looked at each other and waited for our names to be called. We didn't want to be separated. And we especially didn't want to sit anywhere near Betsy. Finally, Betsy sat directly behind me.
I knew this wasn't going to be good and I soon discovered I was right. Betsy often leaned into my back：“Quack, quack！”When I ignored her, she kicked my seat. When that didn't work, she poked (戳) me. This went on daily until one_morning I simply refused to go to school. I told Mom what had happened at school.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1：
My mother sat me do w n and began to talk.
Paragraph 2：
Then one day I did w hat my mother taught me and amazing things happened.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者因为腿部有点跛而受到了女孩Betsy 的嘲笑，在一次班级换座时，作者和自己的好朋友Fran和Lisa的座位分开了，而和Betsy成为前后桌，作者为此非常苦闷，将此事告诉了妈妈。

[精彩范文]
Paragraph 1：
My mother sat me do w n and began to talk. “Look，” she held my hand, “there will always be mean people like Betsy in this world. That is hard to change. But you can change the way you handle them. Have you ever heard of the saying ‘Treat them with
kindness’？”I shook my head. “It's simple. Jus t show your kindness to the girl now and then. If she drops her pen, pick it up and hand it to her. Things like that. Just be nice to her.”
Paragraph 2：
Then one day I did w hat my mother taught me and amazing things happened. Our teacher announced seriously that there would be an exam the next morning. As Betsy was not good at study, I offered to help her review lessons. Betsy was surprised but grateful. She said shyly, “You're so nice. I truly regret making those rude remarks on you. Can we be friends？” I was glad that I had followed my mom's advice. It was just what I needed and probably just what Betsy needed, too.。