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4C营销理论——中英文单词

4C营销理论——中英文单词

4C营销理论（The Marketing Theory of 4Cs）4R营销理论（The Marketing Theory of 4Rs）4P营销理论（The Marketing Theory of 4Ps）感性营销（Sensibility Marketing）利基营销（Niche Marketing）交叉营销（Cross Marketing）知识营销（Information Marketing）文化营销（Cultural Marketing）服务营销(Services Marketing)体验营销(Experience Marketing)定制营销(Customization Marketing)色彩营销（Color Marketing）绿色营销(Green Marketing)关系营销(Relationship Marketing)合作营销(The Co Marketing Solution)伙伴营销(Partnership Marketing)一对一营销(One-to-One Marketing)差异化营销(Difference Marketing)大市场营销（Big Marketing）个性化营销(Personalization Marketing)堡垒式营销（Focalization Marketing）数据库营销（Data base Marketing）服务分销策略（Services Distribution Strategy）服务促销策略（Services Sales Promotion Strategy）整合营销传播（Integrated Marketing Communications, IMC)水坝式经营（Dam Operation）战略营销联盟(Strategic Marketing Union)网络数据库营销（Internet Data base Marketing）“整时营销”与“晚盈利”（Profit by Timing Marketing and Lag Profit Marketing) 管理篇目标管理（Management by Objectives, MBO）标杆瞄准（Benchmarking)开明管理（Open Management）宽容管理（Allowance Management）危机管理（Crisis Management）标杆管理（Benchmarking Management）人格管理（Character Management）品牌管理（Brand Management）变革管理（Change Management）沟通管理（Communication Management）走动管理（Management by Walking Around，MBWA）价值管理（Value Management）钩稽管理（Innovation and Practice Management）能本管理(Capacity Core Management)绩效管理（Managing For Performance）赋权管理（Delegation Management）灵捷管理（Celerity Management）物流管理(Logistics Management/Physical Distribution ) (Physical Distribution为传统意义上的物流)知识管理（Knowledge Management）时间管理（Time-Management）互动管理（Interactive Management）T型管理(T Management)预算管理（Budget Management）末日管理（End Management）柔性管理(Soft Management)例外管理（Exception Management）K型管理(K Management)EVA管理(Economic Value Added, EVA)5S管理法（5S ：Seiri、Seiten、Seigo、Seiketsu、Shitsuke）零缺陷管理（Zero Defects）一分钟管理（One Minute Management）供应链管理（Supply Chain Management, SCM）客户关系管理（Customer Relationship Management，CRM）产品数据管理(Product Data Management, PDM)过程质量管理法（Process of Quality Management）管理驾驶舱（Cockpit of Management）OEC管理法(Over All Every Control and Clear)数字化管理(Digital Management)海豚式管理(Management as Porpoise)丰田式管理（Toyota- Management）跨文化管理（Span-Culture Management）蚂蚁式管理（Style of Ant Management）购销比价管理（Purchase by Grade Management）企业内容管理（Enterprise Content Management）企业健康管理（Health of Enterprise Management）薪酬外包管理（Salary Epibolic Management）戴明的质量管理(William Edwards Dem’s Quality Management)六西格玛管理法(Six Sigma)倒金字塔管理（Handstand Pyramidal Management）变形虫式管理(Amoeba Management)定律篇木桶定律（Cannikin Law）墨菲定律(Moffe's Law)羊群效应（Sheep-Flock Effect）帕金森定律（Parkinson's Law）华盛顿合作定律(Washington Company Law)手表定律（Watch Law）蘑菇定律（Mushroom Law）鲇鱼效应（Weever Effect）飞轮效应（Flywheel Effect）光环效应（Halo Effect）马太效应（Matthew Effect）蝴蝶效应（Butterfly Effect）多米诺效应（Domicile Effect）皮格马利翁效应（Pygmalion Effect）彼德原理(The Peter Principle)破窗理论（Break Pane Law）路径依赖（Path Dependence）奥卡姆剃刀（Occam's Razor）博弈论(Game Theory)定位法则（Orientation Law）80/20原理（80/20 Law）X理论-Y理论（Theory X- Theory Y）超Y理论（Exceed theory Y）综合篇7S模型（Principle of 7S）ABC分析法（ABC-Analysis）SWOT分析(SWOT Analysis)波士顿矩阵法（Boston Matrix Analysis）新7S原则(Principle of New 7S)PDCA循环（PDCA Cyc）平衡记分卡(Balanced Score Card)品管圈（Quality Control Circle，QCC）零库存（In-Time Inventory）顾客份额（Constituency Share）业务流程重组(Business Process Reengineer)动态薪酬（Dynamic Salary）管理审计（Managed Audit）管理层收购（Management Buy-out）逆向供应链(Reverse Supply Chain)宽带薪酬设计（Broad Band Salary Design）员工持股计划（Employee Stock Ownership Plan，ESOP）人力资源外包（Epiboly HR）360度绩效反馈(360-Degree Performance Feedback)人力资源价值链（Human Resource Value Chain）柯氏模式（Kirkpatrick Model）归因模型(Attribution Model)期望模型（Expectancy Model）五力模型(The Five-force Model)安东尼模型（Anthony Model）CS经营战略（Customer Satisfaction）532绩效考核模型（532 Performance Appraisal Model）101℃理论（101℃Theory）双因素激励理论（Dual Stimulant Theory）注意力经济（The Economy of Attention）灵捷竞争（Adroitly Compete）德尔菲法（Delphi Technique）执行力(Execution)领导力(Leadership)学习力（Learning Capacity）企业教练（Corporate Coach）首席知识官（Chief Knowledge Officer）第五级领导者（Fifth Rank Leader）智力资本（Intellect Capital）智能资本(Intellectual Capital)高情商团队（High EQ Team）学习型组织（Learning Organization）知识型企业（Knowledge Enterprise）高智商企业（Knowledge-Intensive Enterprise）灵捷组织（Adroitly Organization）虚拟企业（Virtual Enterprise，VE）4Cs营销理论(The Marketing Theory of 4Cs)随着市场竞争日趋激烈，媒介传播速度越来越快，4Ps理论越来越受到挑战。

学术英语单词

学术英语单词

学术英语(管理类)单词第一单元free enterprise自由企业制度adversity不幸，逆境capitalistic 资本主义的compelling 令人信服的array 大群，大量stockholder 股东work force 劳动力prospective 可能的underestimat 低估de dication 奉献perseverance 坚忍mailable 可邮寄的cooperative 合作完成的on-demand 按要求的b illionaire 亿万富翁undercapitalization 资本不足convertible 敞篷汽车sander 打磨机vendor 卖家stockbroker 股票经纪人personality 名人facet 一个方面mutual fund 共同基金oceanic evaporation 海洋蒸发business plan 经营策划customer service 顾客服务fraud 欺骗road map 指南transaction 交易price-targeting strategy 区别定价战略pricing 定价hassle 困难，麻烦self-targeting 使自己成为目标prise 撬开insensitive 不敏感的，反应迟钝的recipe 菜谱make sth. of sb/sth. 利用（机遇）illuminating 使清楚易懂的turn sth on its head使……与之前相反的premium 溢价profitable 有利可图的chili 小红辣椒triple 使成三倍markup 涨价whopping 巨大的crisp 薯片snack 吃零食admittedly 确实，无可否认的irritated 生气的outwit 以智取胜close substitutes 功能接近的替代品business landscape 商业格局，商业环境competitive dynamics 竞争的态势social web 社交网站sicial networking site（SNS）社交网站Facebook Wall 脸谱的涂鸦墙call center 呼叫中心support staff 向客户提供支持的员工competitive advantage 竞争优势adoption of new technology 新技术的采用log in 登陆news feed 即使新闻，动态消息target audience 目标受众text message 手机短信overestimate 高估relevance 重要性mainframe 主机underway 在进行中portal 门户网站order of magnitude 数量级traffic 受到访问cohort 一批人feat 事迹technophobic 畏惧技术的overly 太unnavigable 无法导航的anonymous 匿名的blur 变模糊recipient 接受者rep 代表instantaneous瞬间的gospel 信念responsive 敏感的collaborative 协作的smartphone 智能手机axis 参考轴线leap-frog 革命性的产品enterpreneur 企业家price sensitive/insenstive 对价格敏感sale force 销售队伍第二单元4 Ps of marketing:营销4P理论，包括产品，渠道，价格和促销marketing manager 营销经理target market 目标市场discount store 折扣商品exclusive distribution 独家经销pbulic relations 公共关系sales promotion 促销event marketing 事件营销marketer 营销人员stakeholder 股东commonality 共同特性manIpulation 操纵charged 引起强烈感情的maximize 使……最大化e ntice 诱惑nutritious 有营养的sociological 社会学的scent 气味tangible 可触知的intangible 触摸不到的boutique 精品店lifeblood 命脉capitalism 资本主义profitability 利润the act of sales 销售行为manage customer relationships管理客户关系business philosophy 经营理念satisfy consumer requirements 满足客户需求manIpulate the tools of marketing 实用营销工具，操纵市场营销的工具entice consumers to buy products 吸引消费者购买产品effective marketing 有效营销ideal target market 理想目标市场promote products 促销产品利益最大化maximize interest产品包装the packaging of the product 产品设计与生产the design and manufacturing of the product 知名品牌established brand 消费产品consumer a product减少生产成本cut the cost of manufacturing stupidity 愚蠢robust 强健的icon 偶像senseless 无道理的accessory 配饰，配件hindsight 事后聪明in/with hindsight 事后认识excrement 粪便detergent 洗涤剂powerhouse 强大的组织acument 敏锐superiority 优势iconic 偶像的shampoo 洗发剂retaile r 零售商disposable 用后即丢弃的diaper 尿布offshore 国外的to say the least 最起码stunningly 极好的tampon 月经棉布taboo 禁忌normalization 正常化billboard 广告牌over-brand 品牌建设过度venture capital firm 风险投资公司paid listing 付费列表give sth a whirl try sth that you are not sure you are going to like or able to do 尝试cull 挑选algorithm 算法experientially 基于经验的phenomenally 非凡地bog sth down make sth delayed so that no progress is made 使停顿extraneous 非必要的sho w of hands 举手示意accountancy 会计工作protfolio 业务或投资组合momentum 动量photon 光子advertising 广告business philosophy 经营理念personal selling 个人销售第三单元merchandising strategy 铺货策略，产品陈列策略logistics 物流，后勤inventory 存货，库存overstocking 存货过剩understocking 库存不足fis cal 财年slowdowm 减速，衰退joint venture 合资企业supercenter大型超市merchandise 商品，货物headwind 逆风tortilla 墨西哥玉米饼gravitate 被吸引customization 定制persistence 坚持不懈centerpiece核心mesh 相配Styrofoam 聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料Cellophane 玻璃纸turn one’s nose up at sth 瞧不起antagonism 对抗hypermarket 大型超市operations strategy 运营策略growth strategy 发展策略consumer preference 消费者偏好international expansion 国际扩展shopping behavior 购物行为strategy of everyday Iow price 每天低价策略keep inventory to a minimum 库存最小化stock option 认股权licensing agreement 特许权协议foreign direct investment （FDI）外国直接投资premium 优质的roast 烘焙enchant 迷住brew 泡（茶），煮（咖啡）beverage 饮料pastry 糕点obscurity 无名franchise 给予特许经营权licensee 执照持有人replicate 复制adhere 坚持parameter 特点sk eptic 怀疑者brisk 轻快的，兴旺的embark on sth 着手royalty 特许权使用费specification 规格disenchanted 不抱幻想的subsidiary 分公司wholly-owned subsidiary 全资子公司majority stake 多数股权an order of magnitude 数量级RSVP（reply please or please respond）请回复niche 利基市场magnitude 大小domain 域名authentication 证明initiate 开始outnumber 数量上超过privacy 隐私categorize 使……分类cachet 声望ironic 有讽刺意味的instrumental 对……有重要作用的longevity 持续时间beget 引起hierarchy 等级entail 导致know-how 诀窍accumulate 积累第四单元strategic planning 战略规划business ethics 商业道德personal integrity 个人诚信knowledge worker 知识工作者cost of labor 劳动力成本added value 附加价值customer segment 客户细分市场equivocate 含糊其辞ambivalent 有矛盾心里的reiterate 重申resonance 共鸣baffle 使困惑flock 聚集charismatic 有号召力的endeavor 尝试，努力intuitively 直觉地doctoral 博士的give sth. prominence 重视right-minded 有正义感的archivist 档案保管员distillation 观点，摘要ethics 伦理baseline 基线motivation 动力admonish 告诫wanting 有欠缺的admonition 告诫millennium 一千年casualty 受害者dexterity 灵巧paradigm 范式restate 重申relate to sb/sth feel that you understand sb’s problem,situation认同profound 深邃的effective leadership 有效领导management practice 管理实践strategic planning 战略规划mission 使命vision statement 愿景宣言objective 客观的/中短期目标performance 绩效insight 洞察力Investor training schemes 人力投资奖HR director 人力资源总监CSR（corporate social responsibility）企业社会责任MD（managing director）常务董事，董事总经理grill 在（烤架上）炙烤formative （对某人或某事发展）有重大影响的from……onward 从……起一直multinational 跨国的unfold 开展portfolio 业务或投资组合franchise 特许经营权，加盟店accreditation 鉴定合格prestigious 享有声望的buddy 伙伴，好朋友induction 入职培训coaching 培训funky 时尚的eclectic 兼收并蓄的junction 连接点roll out 逐步推广ethos 风气contingency 意外事件procurement 采购recruitment 招聘hygiene 卫生progression 进步ena bler 促成因素diversity 多元化competency 能力occurrence 发生的事physiological 生理的self-act ualization 自我实现hierarchical 等级制度的esteem 尊敬nourishment 营养esthetics 美学profound 感情）强烈的lever 方法intuItIve 直觉的contradict 与……矛盾leading indicator领先指标income statement 损益表balance sheet 资产负债平衡表lagging indicator 滞后指标hierarchy of needs 需求金字塔第五单元B2B（business-to-business）企业对企业的电子商务B2C：企业对消费者的电子商务carrying cost 置存成本（维持成本）General Motors 通用汽车公司computer industry almanac 计算机产业年鉴公司wholesaler 批发商supplier供应商bid 出价navigate 浏览（网站）individualized 有个性的formidable 了不起的shakeout 重大改革opti mism 乐观主义analyst 分析家broadband 宽带allocate 分配project 预测cost-effective 合算的originate 起源于demographic 人口统计的societal 社会的e-business models 电子商务模式reduce expenses 减少开销corporate clients 企业客户unsold inventory 未售存货wholesalers and retailers 批发商和零售商comparison shopping 比较购物buying perferences 购物偏好individualized service 个性化服务创造销售收入generate sales revenues简化交易程序facilitate sales transactions标价合理，高品质的产品fairly priced, high-quality computer products. 大量的原材料large quantities of raw materials 增加购买量increase the volume of purchases 与消费者建立长期的关系build long-term relationships with the customers互联网的宽带连接broadband access to the Internet conduct business 开展业务growth opportunity 增长时机Chief Marketing Officer（CMO）市场总监companion ticket 同伴优惠票gift certificate 购物礼券bookmark 把……添加到收藏夹lucrative 利润丰厚的roam 漫游，闲逛gnome （故事）地精the spotlight 媒体的关注rock-bottom 最低价usability 可用性mourn 为……哀痛outfit 全套服装fashionista 时尚达人wunderkind 神童pretax 纳税前的chic 时髦的showcase 展示glossy 服装杂志decode 解（密码）exponentially 成倍地purveyor 供应商tidal 潮水似的hover 徘徊fabulous 极好的upheaval 激变fray 使烦恼coverage 新闻报道runway 时装表演台avant-garde 先锋的学术英语单词(1-5)第一单元1. free enterprise自由企业制度2. adversity不幸，逆境3. capitalistic 资本主义的4. compelling 令人信服的5. array 大群，大量6. stockholder 股东7. work force 劳动力8. prospective 可能的9. underestimate 低估10. dedication 奉献11. perseverance 坚忍12. mailable 可邮寄的13. cooperative 合作完成的14. on-demand 按要求的15. billionaire 亿万富翁16. undercapitalization 资本不足17. convertible 敞篷汽车18. sander 打磨机19. vendor 卖家20. stockbroker 股票经纪人21. personality 名人22. facet 一个方面23. mutual fund 共同基金24. oceanic evaporation 海洋蒸发25. business plan 经营策划26. customer service 顾客服务27. fraud 欺骗28. road map 指南29. transaction 交易30. price-targeting strategy 区别定价战略31. pricing 定价32. hassle 困难，麻烦33. self-targeting 使自己成为目标34. prise 撬开35. insensitive 不敏感的，反应迟钝的36. recipe 菜谱37. make sth. of sb/sth. 利用（机遇）38. illuminating 使清楚易懂的39. turn sth on its head使……与之前相反的40. premium 溢价41. profitable 有利可图的42. chili 小红辣椒43. triple 使成三倍44. markup 涨价45. whopping 巨大的46. crisp 薯片47. snack 吃零食48. admittedly 确实，无可否认的49. irritated 生气的50. outwit 以智取胜51. close substitutes 功能接近的替代品52. business landscape 商业格局，商业环境53. competitive dynamics 竞争的态势54. social web 社交网站55. sicial networking site（SNS）社交网站56. Facebook Wall 脸谱的涂鸦墙57. call center 呼叫中心58. support staff 向客户提供支持的员工争优势60. adoption of new technology 新技术的采用61. log in 登陆62. news feed 即使新闻，动态消息63. target audience 目标受众64. text message 手机短信65. overestimate 高估66. relevance 重要性67. mainframe 主机68. underway 在进行中69. portal 门户网站70. order of magnitude 数量级71. traffic 受到访问72. cohort 一批人73. feat 事迹74. technophobic 畏惧技术的75. overly 太76. unnavigable 无法导航的77. anonymous 匿名的78. blur 变模糊79. recipient 接受者80. rep 代表81. instantaneous瞬间的82. gospel 信念学术英语(管理类)单词学术英语单词第一单元free enterprise自由企业制度adversity不幸，逆境capitalistic 资本主义的compelling 令人信服的array 大群，大量stockholder 股东work force 劳动力prospective 可能的underestimate 低估dedication 奉献perseverance 坚忍mailable 可邮寄的cooperative 合作完成的on-demand 按要求的billionaire 亿万富翁undercapitalization 资本不足convertible 敞篷汽车sander 打磨机vendor 卖家stockbroker 股票经纪人personality 名人facet 一个方面mutual fund 共同基金oceanic evaporation 海洋蒸发business plan 经营策划customer service 顾客服务fraud 欺骗road map 指南transaction 交易price-targeting strategy 区别定价战略pricing 定价hassle 困难，麻烦self-targeting 使自己成为目标prise 撬开insensitive 不敏感的，反应迟钝的recipe 菜谱make sth. of sb/sth. 利用（机遇）illuminating 使清楚易懂的turn sth on its head使……与之前相反的premium 溢价profitable 有利可图的chili 小红辣椒triple 使成三倍markup 涨价whopping 巨大的crisp 薯片snack 吃零食admittedly 确实，无可否认的irritated 生气的outwit 以智取胜close substitutes 功能接近的替代品business landscape 商业格局，商业环境competitive dynamics 竞争的态势social web 社交网站sicial networking site（SNS）社交网站Facebook Wall 脸谱的涂鸦墙call center 呼叫中心support staff 向客户提供支持的员工competitive advantage 竞争优势adoption of new technology 新技术的采用log in 登陆news feed 即使新闻，动态消息target audience 目标受众text message 手机短信overestimate 高估relevance 重要性mainframe 主机underway 在进行中portal 门户网站order of magnitude 数量级traffic 受到访问cohort 一批人feat 事迹technophobic 畏惧技术的overly 太unnavigable 无法导航的anonymous 匿名的blur 变模糊recipient 接受者rep 代表instantaneous瞬间的gospel 信念responsive 敏感的collaborative 协作的smartphone 智能手机axis 参考轴线leap-frog 革命性的产品enterpreneur 企业家price sensitive/insenstive 对价格敏感sale force 销售队伍第二单元4 Ps of marketing:营销4P理论，包括产品，渠道，价格和促销marketing manager 营销经理target market 目标市场discount store 折扣商品exclusive distribution 独家经销pbulic relations 公共关系sales promotion 促销event marketing 事件营销marketer 营销人员stakeholder 股东commonality 共同特性manIpulation 操纵charged 引起强烈感情的maximize 使……最大化entice 诱惑nutritious 有营养的sociological 社会学的scent 气味tangible 可触知的intangible 触摸不到的boutique 精品店lifeblood 命脉capitalism 资本主义profitability 利润the act of sales 销售行为manage customer relationships管理客户关系business philosophy 经营理念satisfy consumer requirements 满足客户需求manIpulate the tools of marketing 实用营销工具，操纵市场营销的工具entice consumers to buy products 吸引消费者购买产品effective marketing 有效营销ideal target market 理想目标市场promote products 促销产品利益最大化maximize interest产品包装the packaging of the product 产品设计与生产the design and manufacturing of the product 知名品牌established brand 消费产品consumer a product减少生产成本cut the cost of manufacturing stupidity 愚蠢robust 强健的icon 偶像senseless 无道理的accessory 配饰，配件hindsight 事后聪明in/with hindsight 事后认识excrement 粪便detergent 洗涤剂powerhouse 强大的组织acument 敏锐superiority 优势iconic 偶像的shampoo 洗发剂retailer 零售商disposable 用后即丢弃的diaper 尿布offshore 国外的to say the least 最起码stunningly 极好的tampon 月经棉布taboo 禁忌normalization 正常化billboard 广告牌over-brand 品牌建设过度venture capital firm 风险投资公司paid listing 付费列表give sth a whirl try sth that you are not sure you are going to like or able to do 尝试cull 挑选algorithm 算法experientially 基于经验的phenomenally 非凡地bog sth down make sth delayed so that no progress is made 使停顿extraneous 非必要的show of hands 举手示意accountancy 会计工作protfolio 业务或投资组合momentum 动量photon 光子advertising 广告business philosophy 经营理念personal selling 个人销售第三单元merchandising strategy 铺货策略，产品陈列策略logistics 物流，后勤inventory 存货，库存overstocking 存货过剩understocking 库存不足fiscal 财年slowdowm 减速，衰退joint venture 合资企业supercenter大型超市merchandise 商品，货物headwind 逆风tortilla 墨西哥玉米饼gravitate 被吸引customization 定制persistence 坚持不懈centerpiece 核心mesh 相配Styrofoam 聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料Cellophane 玻璃纸turn one’s nose up at sth 瞧不起antagonism 对抗hypermarket 大型超市operations strategy 运营策略growth strategy 发展策略consumer preference 消费者偏好international expansion 国际扩展shopping behavior 购物行为strategy of everyday Iow price 每天低价策略keep inventory to a minimum 库存最小化stock option 认股权licensing agreement 特许权协议foreign direct investment （FDI）外国直接投资premium 优质的roast 烘焙enchant 迷住brew 泡（茶），煮（咖啡）beverage 饮料pastry 糕点obscurity 无名franchise 给予特许经营权licensee 执照持有人replicate 复制adhere 坚持parameter 特点skeptic 怀疑者brisk 轻快的，兴旺的embark on sth 着手royalty 特许权使用费specification 规格disenchanted 不抱幻想的subsidiary 分公司wholly-owned subsidiary 全资子公司majority stake 多数股权an order of magnitude 数量级RSVP（reply please or please respond）请回复niche 利基市场magnitude 大小domain 域名authentication 证明initiate 开始outnumber 数量上超过privacy 隐私categorize 使……分类cachet 声望ironic 有讽刺意味的instrumental 对……有重要作用的longevity 持续时间beget 引起hierarchy 等级entail 导致know-how 诀窍accumulate 积累第四单元strategic planning 战略规划business ethics 商业道德personal integrity 个人诚信knowledge worker 知识工作者cost of labor 劳动力成本added value 附加价值customer segment 客户细分市场equivocate 含糊其辞ambivalent 有矛盾心里的reiterate 重申resonance 共鸣baffle 使困惑flock 聚集charismatic 有号召力的endeavor 尝试，努力intuitively 直觉地doctoral 博士的give sth. prominence 重视right-minded 有正义感的archivist 档案保管员distillation 观点，摘要ethics 伦理baseline 基线motivation 动力admonish 告诫wanting 有欠缺的admonition 告诫millennium 一千年casualty 受害者dexterity 灵巧paradigm 范式restate 重申relate to sb/sth feel that you understand sb’s problem, situation认同profound 深邃的/b-410de26567ec102de2bd89a7-4.html 划mission 使命vision statement 愿景宣言objective 客观的/中短期目标performance 绩效insight 洞察力Investor training schemes 人力投资奖HR director 人力资源总监CSR（corporate social responsibility）企业社会责任MD（managing director）常务董事，董事总经理grill 在（烤架上）炙烤formative （对某人或某事发展）有重大影响的from……onward 从……起一直multinational 跨国的unfold 开展portfolio 业务或投资组合franchise 特许经营权，加盟店accreditation 鉴定合格prestigious 享有声望的buddy 伙伴，好朋友induction 入职培训coaching 培训funky 时尚的eclectic 兼收并蓄的junction 连接点roll out 逐步推广ethos 风气contingency 意外事件procurement 采购recruitment 招聘hygiene 卫生progression 进步enabler 促成因素diversity 多元化competency 能力occurrence 发生的事physiological 生理的self-actualization 自我实现hierarchical 等级制度的esteem 尊敬nourishment 营养esthetics 美学profound 感情）强烈的lever 方法intuItIve 直觉的contradict 与……矛盾leading indicator领先指标income statement 损益表balance sheet 资产负债平衡表lagging indicator 滞后指标hierarchy of needs 需求金字塔第五单元B2B（business-to-business）企业对企业的电子商务B2C：企业对消费者的电子商务carrying cost 置存成本（维持成本）General Motors 通用汽车公司computer industry almanac 计算机产业年鉴公司wholesaler 批发商supplier供应商bid 出价navigate 浏览（网站）individualized 有个性的formidable 了不起的shakeout 重大改革optimism 乐观主义analyst 分析家broadband 宽带allocate 分配project 预测cost-effective 合算的originate 起源于demographic 人口统计的societal 社会的e-business models 电子商务模式reduce expenses 减少开销corporate clients 企业客户unsold inventory 未售存货wholesalers and retailers 批发商和零售商comparison shopping 比较购物buying perferences 购物偏好individualized service 个性化服务创造销售收入generate sales revenues简化交易程序facilitate sales transactions标价合理，高品质的产品fairly priced, high-quality computer products. 大量的原材料large quantities of raw materials 增加购买量increase the volume of purchases 与消费者建立长期的关系build long-term relationships with the customers互联网的宽带连接broadband access to the Internet conduct business 开展业务growth opportunity 增长时机Chief Marketing Officer（CMO）市场总监companion ticket 同伴优惠票gift certificate 购物礼券bookmark 把……添加到收藏夹lucrative 利润丰厚的roam 漫游，闲逛gnome （故事）地精the spotlight 媒体的关注rock-bottom 最低价usability 可用性mourn 为……哀痛outfit 全套服装fashionista 时尚达人wunderkind 神童pretax 纳税前的chic 时髦的showcase 展示glossy 服装杂志decode 解（密码）exponentially 成倍地purveyor 供应商tidal 潮水似的hover 徘徊fabulous 极好的upheaval 激变fray 使烦恼coverage 新闻报道runway 时装表演台avant-garde 先锋的time-starved 时间紧张的honor system 诚信制度encryption 加密unencrypt 不加密installment 部分defer 推迟entirety 全面infrastructure 公共建设alternate 可供替代的cap 对规定限额untrustworthy 不能信赖的viable 切实可行的serialization 连载tweak 稍稍调整in conjunction 与……协力tight-lipped 闭口不谈的flippant 轻率的flip 按动（开关）distribution channel 分销渠道e-commerce infrastructure 电子商务基础设施enhance reputation 提高声誉sales transaction 销售事务vacation package 旅行套餐（计划）学术英语单词(1-5)第一单元1. free enterprise自由企业制度2. adversity不幸，逆境3. capitalistic 资本主义的4. compelling 令人信服的5. array 大群，大量6. stockholder 股东7. work force 劳动力8. prospective 可能的9. underestimate 低估10. dedication 奉献11. perseverance 坚忍12. mailable 可邮寄的13. cooperative 合作完成的14. on-demand 按要求的15. billionaire 亿万富翁16. undercapitalization 资本不足17. convertible 敞篷汽车18. sander 打磨机19. vendor 卖家20. stockbroker 股票经纪人21. personality 名人22. facet 一个方面23. mutual fund 共同基金24. oceanic evaporation 海洋蒸发25. business plan 经营策划26. customer service 顾客服务27. fraud 欺骗28. road map 指南29. transaction 交易30. price-targeting strategy 区别定价战略31. pricing 定价32. hassle 困难，麻烦33. self-targeting 使自己成为目标34. prise 撬开35. insensitive 不敏感的，反应迟钝的36. recipe 菜谱37. make sth. of sb/sth. 利用（机遇）38. illuminating 使清楚易懂的39. turn sth on its head使……与之前相反的40. premium 溢价41. profitable 有利可图的42. chili 小红辣椒43. triple 使成三倍44. markup 涨价45. whopping 巨大的46. crisp 薯片47. snack 吃零食48. admittedly 确实，无可否认的49. irritated 生气的50. outwit 以智取胜51. close substitutes 功能接近的替代品52. business landscape 商业格局，商业环境53. competitive dynamics 竞争的态势54. social web 社交网站55. sicial networking site（SNS）社交网站56. Facebook Wall 脸谱的涂鸦墙57. call center 呼叫中心58. support staff 向客户提供支持的员工59. competitive advantage 竞争优势60. adoption of new technology 新技术的采用61. log in 登陆62. news feed 即使新闻，动态消息63. target audience 目标受众64. text message 手机短信65. overestimate 高估66. relevance 重要性67. mainframe 主机68. underway 在进行中69. portal 门户网站70. order of magnitude 数量级71. traffic 受到访问72. cohort 一批人73. feat 事迹74. technophobic 畏惧技术的75. overly 太76. unnavigable 无法导航的77. anonymous 匿名的78. blur 变模糊79. recipient 接受者80. rep 代表81. instantaneous瞬间的82. gospel 信念83. responsive 敏感的84. collaborative 协作的85. smartphone 智能手机86. axis 参考轴线87. leap-frog 革命性的产品88. enterpreneur 企业家89. price sensitive/insensitive 对价格敏感90. sale force 销售队伍第二单元1. 4 Ps of marketing:营销4P理论，包括产品，渠道，价格和促销2. marketing manager 营销经理3. target market 目标市场4. discount store 折扣商品5. exclusive distribution 独家经销6. Public relations 公共关系7. sales promotion 促销8. event marketing 事件营销9. marketer 营销人员10. stakeholder 股东11. commonality 共同特性12. Manipulation 操纵13. charged 引起强烈感情的14. maximize 使…最大化15. entice 诱惑16. nutritious 有营养的17. sociological 社会学的18. scent 气味19. tangible 可触知的20. intangible 触摸不到的21. boutique 精品店22. lifeblood 命脉23. capitalism 资本主义24. profitability 利润25. the act of sales 销售行为26. manage customer relationships管理客户关系27. business philosophy 经营理念28. satisfy consumer requirements 满足客户需求29. Manipulate the tools of marketing 实用营销工具，操纵市场营销的工具30. entice consumers to buy products 吸引消费者购买产品31. effective marketing 有效营销32. ideal target market 理想目标市场33. promote products 促销产品35.36.37.38.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.71.72.73.74.75.76.77.产品包装the packaging of the product 产品设计与生产the design and manufacturing of the product 知名品牌established brand 消费产品consumer a product 减少生产成本cut the cost of manufacturing stupidity 愚蠢robust 强健的icon 偶像senseless 无道理的accessory 配饰，配件hindsight 事后聪明in/with hindsight 事后认识excrement 粪便detergent 洗涤剂powerhouse 强大的组织Acumen 敏锐superiority 优势iconic 偶像的shampoo 洗发剂retailer 零售商disposable 用后即丢弃的diaper 尿布offshore 国外的to say the least 最起码stunningly 极好的tampon 月经棉布taboo 禁忌normalization 正常化billboard 广告牌over-brand 品牌建设过度venture capital firm 风险投资公司paid listing 付费列表give sth a whirl try sth that you are not sure you are going to like or able to do 尝试cull 挑选algorithm 算法experientially 基于经验的phenomenally 非凡地bog sth down make sth delayed so that no progress is made 使停顿extraneous 非必要的show of hands 举手示意accountancy 会计工作protfolio 业务或投资组合momentum79. advertising 广告80. business philosophy 经营理念81.personal selling 个人销售第三单元1. merchandising strategy 铺货策略，产品陈列策略2. logistics 物流，后勤3. inventory 存货，库存4. overstocking 存货过剩5. understocking 库存不足6. fiscal 财年7. slowdowm 减速，衰退8. joint venture 合资企业9. supercenter大型超市10. merchandise 商品，货物11. headwind 逆风12. tortilla 墨西哥玉米饼13. gravitate 被吸引14. customization 定制15. persistence 坚持不懈16. centerpiece 核心17. mesh 相配18. Styrofoam 聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料19. Cellophane 玻璃纸20. turn one’s nose up at sth 瞧不起21. antagonism 对抗22. hypermarket 大型超市23. operations strategy 运营策略24. growth strategy 发展策略25. consumer preference 消费者偏好26. international expansion 国际扩展27. shopping behavior 购物行为28. strategy of everyday low price 每天低价策略29. keep inventory to a minimum 库存最小化30. stock option 认股权31. licensing agreement 特许权协议32. foreign direct investment （FDI）外国直接投资33. premium 优质的34. roast 烘焙35. enchant 迷住36. brew 泡（茶），煮（咖啡）37. beverage 饮料38. pastry 糕点39. obscurity 无名40. franchise 给予特许经营权41. licensee 执照持有人42. replicate 复制43. adhere 坚持44. parameter 特点45. skeptic 怀疑者46. brisk 轻快的，兴旺的47. embark on sth 着手48. royalty 特许权使用费49. specification 规格50. disenchanted 不抱幻想的51. subsidiary 分公司52. wholly-owned subsidiary 全资子公司53. majority stake 多数股权54. an order of magnitude 数量级55. RSVP（reply please or please respond）请回复56. niche 利基市场57. magnitude 大小58. domain 域名59. authentication 证明60. initiate 开始61. outnumber 数量上超过62. privacy 隐私63. categorize 使……分类64. cachet 声望65. ironic 有讽刺意味的66. instrumental 对……有重要作用的67. longevity 持续时间68. beget 引起69. hierarchy 等级70. entail 导致71. know-how 诀窍72. accumulate 积累第四单元1. strategic planning 战略规划2. business ethics 商业道德3. personal integrity 个人诚信4. knowledge worker 知识工作者5. cost of labor 劳动力成本6. added value 附加价值7. customer segment 客户细分市场8. equivocate 含糊其辞9. ambivalent 有矛盾心里的10. reiterate 重申11. resonance 共鸣12. baffle 使困惑13. flock 聚集14. charismatic 有号召力的15. endeavor 尝试，努力16. intuitively 直觉地17. doctoral 博士的18. give sth. prominence 重视19. right-minded 有正义感的20. archivist 档案保管员21. distillation 观点，摘要22. ethics 伦理23. baseline 基线24. motivation 动力25. admonish 告诫26. wanting 有欠缺的27. admonition 告诫28. millennium 一千年29. casualty 受害者30. dexterity 灵巧31. paradigm 范式32. restate 重申33. relate to sb/sth feel that you understand sb’s problem, situation认同34. profound 深邃的35. effective leadership 有效领导36. management practice 管理实践37. strategic planning 战略规划38. mission 使命39. vision statement 愿景宣言40. objective 客观的/中短期目标41. performance 绩效42. insight 洞察力43. Investor training schemes 人力投资奖44. HR director 人力资源总监45. CSR（corporate social responsibility）企业社会责任46. MD（managing director）常务董事，董事总经理47. grill 在（烤架上）炙烤48. formative （对某人或某事发展）有重大影响的49. from……onward 从……起一直50. multinational 跨国的51. unfold 开展52. portfolio 业务或投资组合53. franchise 特许经营权，加盟店54. accreditation 鉴定合格55. prestigious 享有声望的56. buddy 伙伴，好朋友57. induction 入职培训58. coaching 培训59. funky 时尚的60. eclectic 兼收并蓄的61. junction 连接点62. roll out 逐步推广63. ethos 风气64. contingency 意外事件65. procurement 采购66. recruitment 招聘67. hygiene 卫生68. progression 进步69. enabler 促成因素70. diversity 多元化71. competency 能力72. occurrence 发生的事73. physiological74. self-actualization 自我实现75. hierarchical 等级制度的76. esteem 尊敬77. nourishment 营养78. esthetics 美学79. profound 感情）强烈的80. lever 方法81. Intuitive 直觉的82. contradict 与……矛盾83. leading indicator领先指标84. income statement 损益表85. balance sheet 资产负债平衡表86. lagging indicator 滞后指标87. hierarchy of needs 需求金字塔第五单元1. B2B（business-to-business）企业对企业的电子商务2. B2C：企业对消费者的电子商务3. carrying cost 置存成本（维持成本）4. General Motors 通用汽车公司5. computer industry almanac 计算机产业年鉴公司6. wholesaler 批发商7. supplier供应商8. bid 出价9. navigate 浏览（网站）10. individualized 有个性的11. formidable 了不起的12. shakeout 重大改革13. optimism 乐观主义14. analyst 分析家15. broadband 宽带16. allocate 分配17. project 预测18. cost-effective 合算的19. originate 起源于20. demographic 人口统计的21. societal 社会的22. e-business models 电子商务模式23. reduce expenses 减少开销24. corporate clients 企业客户25. unsold inventory 未售存货26. wholesalers and retailers 批发商和零售商27. comparison shopping 比较购物28. buying preferences 购物偏好29. individualized service 个性化服务30. 创造销售收入generate sales revenues31. 简化交易程序32. facilitate sales transactions33. 标价合理，高品质的产品fairly priced,high-quality computer products.34. 大量的原材料35. large quantities of raw materials36. 增加购买量37. increase the volume of purchases38. 与消费者建立长期的关系39. build long-term relationships with the customers40. 互联网的宽带连接41. broadband access to the Internet42. conduct business 开展业务43. growth opportunity 增长时机44. Chief Marketing Officer（CMO）市场总监45. companion ticket 同伴优惠票46. gift certificate 购物礼券47. bookmark 把……添加到收藏夹48. lucrative 利润丰厚的49. roam 漫游，闲逛50. gnome （故事）地精51. the spotlight 媒体的关注52. rock-bottom 最低价53. usability 可用性54. mourn 为……哀痛55. outfit 全套服装56. fashionista 时尚达人57. wunderkind 神童58. pretax 纳税前的59. chic 时髦的60. showcase 展示61. glossy 服装杂志62. decode 解（密码）63. exponentially 成倍地64. purveyor 供应商65. tidal 潮水似的66. hover 徘徊67. fabulous 极好的68. upheaval 激变69. fray 使烦恼70. coverage 新闻报道71. runway 时装表演台72. avant-garde 先锋的73. time-starved 时间紧张的74. honor system 诚信制度75. encryption 加密76. unencrypt 不加密77. installment 部分78. defer 推迟79. entirety 全面80. infrastructure 公共建设81. alternate 可供替代的82. cap 对规定限额83. untrustworthy 不能信赖的84. viable 切实可行的85. serialization 连载86. tweak 稍稍调整87. in conjunction 与……协力88. tight-lipped 闭口不谈的89. flippant 轻率的90. flip 按动（开关）91. distribution channel 分销渠道92. e-commerce infrastructure 电子商务基础设施提高声誉旅行套餐（计划）93. enhance reputation 94. sales transaction 销售事务95. vacation packageMarketingthe act of sales销售行为manage customer relationships客户关系管理business philosophy经营理念satisfy consumer requirements满足消费者需求manipulate the tools of marketing操纵营销工具entice consumers to buy products诱导消费者购买产品effective marketing有效营销ideal target market理想的目标市场promote products促销产品利益最大化maximize interest产品包装the packaging of the product产品设计与生产the design and manufacturing of the product 知名品牌an established brand消费产品consume a product独家经销exclusive distribution事件营销event marketing减少生产成本cut the cost of manufacturinge-commerce site 电子商务网站robust growth 强劲的增长。

项目管理术语中英文对照

项目管理术语中英文对照

PM术语中英文对照ABC参见Activity Based CostingABM参见Activity Based ManagementAbstract Resource 抽象资源Abstraction 抽象Acceleration 加速Acceptability Criteria 验收标准Acceptable Quality Level ("AQL") 可接受质量水平Acceptance 验收Acceptance Criteria 验收标准Acceptance Letters 验收函Acceptance Number 接受数目Acceptance Review 验收评审Acceptance Test 验收测试Acquisition Methods 采购方式Acquisition Negotiations 采购谈判Acquisition Plan 采购计划Acquisition Plan Review ("APR") 采购计划评审Acquisition Planning 采购计划编制Acquisition Process 采购过程Acquisition Strategy 采购策略Action 行动Action Item 行动项Action Item Flags 行动项标记Action Plan 行动计划Activation 激活Active Listening 积极倾听Activity Arrow Net 活动箭线网络Activity Based Costing ("ABC") 基于活动的成本核算Activity Based Management ("ABM") 基于活动的管理Activity Calendar 活动日历Activity Code 活动代码Activity Definition 活动定义Activity Description 活动描述Activity Duration 活动工期活动持续时间Activity Duration Estimating 活动工期估算Activity Elaboration 活动详述Activity File 活动档案Activity ID 活动识别码Activity List 活动清单Activity Node Net 活动节点网络双代号网络Activity on Arc ("AOA") 弧线表示活动双代号网络Activity on Arrow ("AOA") 箭线表示活动双代号网络参见Arrow Diagramming Method.Activity on Node 节点表示活动单代号网络参见Activity on Arc 和Precedence Diagram Method. Activity Oriented 面向活动Activity Oriented Schedule 面向活动的进度计划Activity Properties 活动属性Activity Quantities 活动量值Activity Status 活动状态Activity Timing 活动定时Actor 执行者角色Actual 实际的Actual and Scheduled Progress 实际进展的与计划进度Actual Cost 实际成本Actual Cost Data Collection 实际成本汇总Actual Costs 实际费用Actual Dates 实际日期Actual Direct Costs 实际直接成本Actual Expenditures 实际的支出参见Actual Costs.Actual Finish 实际完成Actual Finish Date 实际完成日期Actual Start 实际开始Actual Start Date 实际开始日期ACWP 已完成工作实际成本See Actual Cost of Work PerformedAdaptation 适应Added V alue 附加价值Addendum 附录参见procurement addendum.Adequacy 适当Adjourning 解散Adjustment 调节ADM参见Arrow Diagram MethodADM Project ADM 项目Administration 管理部门Administrative 行政的参见Administrative ManagementAdministrative Change 行政变更Administrative Management 行政管理ADP参见Automated Data ProcessingADR参见Alternative Dispute ResolutionAdvanced Material Release ("AMR") 材料提前发布AF参见Actual Finish DateAFE参见Application for Expenditure参见Authority for ExpenditureAffect 影响Affected Parties 受影响方Agency 代理Agenda 议程Aggregation 汇总Agreement 协议Agreement, legal 协议合同ALAP参见As-Late-As-PossibleAlgorithm 算法Alignment 排列成行Alliance 联合Allocated Baseline 分配的基线Allocated Requirements 分配需求Allocation 分配Allowable Cost 允许成本Allowance 预留Alternate Resource 替代资源Alternative Analysis 替代分析Alternative Dispute Resolution ("ADR") 替代争议解决方案Alternatives 可选方案Ambiguity 含糊不清Amendment 修订Amount at Stake 损失量AMR 材料提前公布Analysis 分析Analysis and Design 分析与设计Analysis Time 分析期Analyst 分析员AND Relationship 与关系Anecdotal 轶事Anticipated Award Cost 预期中标价AOA参见Activity on Arrow参见Activity on ArcAONAOQ参见Average Outgoing QualityAOQL参见Average Outgoing Quality LimitAPMA参见Area of Project Management ApplicationApparent Low Bidder 最低投标人Application 应用Application Area 应用领域Application for Expenditure ("AFE") 支出申请Application for Expenditure Justification 支出申请的论证Application Programs 应用程序Applied Direct Costs 实际直接成本Apportioned Effort 分摊努力Apportioned Task 分摊任务Appraisal 评估Approach 方法Appropriation 拨款Approval 批准Approval to Proceed 批准继续Approve 同意Approved Bidders List 批准的投标人清单Approved Changes 批准的变更Approved Project Requirements 批准的项目需求APR参见Acquisition Plan ReviewAQL参见Acceptable Quality LevelArbitrary 随意的Arbitration 仲裁Arc 弧线Architectural Baseline 构架基线Architectural View 构架视图Architecture 构架Architecture, executable 构架可执行参见Executable Architecture.Archive 档案文件Archive Plan 存档计划Area of Project Application参见Area of Project Management ApplicationArea of Project Management Application ("APMA") 项目管理的应用领域Arrow 箭线Arrow DiagramArrow Diagram Method ("ADM") 箭线图方法Arrow Diagramming 箭线图方法Arrow Diagramming Method 箭线图方法双代号网络图Artifact 制品Artificial 人工的AS参见Actual Start DateASAP参见As-Soon-As-PossibleAs-built Design 实际建造设计As-built Documentation 实际建造文档As-Built Records参见As-Built DocumentationAs-Built Schedule 实际建造进度计划As-Late-As-Possible ("ALAP") 尽可能晚As-Needed 恰如所需As-of Date见Data Date.As-Performed Schedule 实际进度计划Assembly 组装件Assembly Sequence 组装顺序Assessment 评估Assets 资产Assignment 分配委派任务Associated Revenue 关联收益Association 关联关系As-Soon-As-Possible ("ASAP") 尽快Assumption 假设Assumptions 假设Assumptions List 假设清单Assurance 保证Assurance Program见Quality Assurance Program.ATP见Acceptance Test ProcedureAttitude 态度Attribute 属性Attrition 损耗Audit 审核审计Authoritarian 独裁的Authoritative 权威的Authority 权威权力Authority for Expenditure ("AFE") 开支权Authorization 授权见ApprovalAuthorize 批准Authorized Unpriced Work 批准的未定价工作Authorized Work 批准的工作Authorized Works 批准的工作Automated Data Processing ("ADP") 自动化数据处理Automatic Decision Event 自动决策事件Automatic Generation 自动生成Automatic Test Equipment 自动测试设备AUW见Authorized Unpriced WorkAuxiliary Ground Equipment 辅助场地设备Availability 可用性Average Outgoing Quality ("AOQ") 平均出厂质量Average Outgoing Quality Limit ("AOQL") 平均出厂质量限度Average Sample Size Curve 平均样本规模曲线Avoidance 避免Award 授予Award Fee 奖金Award Letter 中标函BAC 完工预算参见Budget at Completion参见Baseline at CompletionBack Charge 逆向计费参见BackchargeBackcharge 逆向收费Backward Pass 倒推法/反向计算Bad Debts 坏帐Balance 余额权衡Balanced Matrix 平衡矩阵Balanced Scorecard 平衡记分卡参见Scoring a Project's ContributionBalanced Scorecard Approach ("BSA") 平衡记分卡方法Bank 储备Banking 储备Bar Chart 横道图Bargaining 讨价还价交涉Bargaining Power 讨价还价权力交涉权力Barriers 障碍Base 基础基数Baseline 基线基准Baseline at Completion ("BAC") 完成/完工基线Baseline Concept 基线概念Baseline Control 基线控制参见Configuration ControlBaseline Cost 基线成本Baseline Dates 基线日期Baseline Finish Date 基线完成日期参见Scheduled Finish DateBaseline Management 基线管理Baseline Plan 基线计划基准计划Baseline Review 基线评审Baseline Schedule 基线进度计划Baseline Start Date 基线开始日期参见Scheduled Start Date.Baseline, budget 基线预算Baseline, business 基线商业Baseline, cost estimate 基线费用估算Baseline, technical 基线技术Basis of Estimate 估算根据Batch 批量参见LotBatch Operation 批运行/批处理BATNA参见Best Alternative to Negotiated AgreementBCM参见Business Change ManagerBCWP参见Budgeted Cost of Work PerformedBCWS参见Budgeted Cost of Work ScheduledBEC参见Elapsed CostBehavior 行为/反应Behavior Analysis 行为分析参见Functional AnalysisBenchmark 基准Benchmarking 标竿管理Beneficial Occupancy/Use 有益的占用/使用Benefits 效益Benefits Framework 效益框架Benefits Management 效益管理Benefits Management Plan 效益管理计划Benefits Management Regime 效益管理制度Benefits Profiles 效益简述Benefits Realization Phase 效益实现阶段Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement ("BATNA") 协议外最佳方案BATNABest and Final Contract Offer 最佳及最终合同报价Best and Final Offer 最佳及最终报价Best Efforts Contract 最大努力合同Best Practices 最佳实践Best V alue 最佳值Beta Distribution 贝塔发布Beta Test 贝塔测试Beta testing 贝塔测试Bid 投标Bid Analysis 投标分析Bid Bond 投标保证金Bid Cost Considerations 投标成本补偿费Bid Document Preparation 招标文件准备Bid Documents 招标文件Bid Evaluation 评标Bid List 投标人清单Bid Package 标段标块Bid Protests 投标抗议/拒付Bid Qualifications 投标资质Bid Response 投标响应Bid Technical Consideration 投标技术因素Bid Time Consideration 投标中的时间因素Bid/No Bid Decision 投标/不投标决策Bidder 投标人Bidders Conference 投标人会议Bidders List 投标人名单Bidders Source Selection 投标人来源选择Bidding 投标Bidding Strategy 投标策略Bill 帐单Bill of Materials 材料清单Bills of Materials 材料清单Blanket Purchase Agreement ("BPA") 一揽子采购协议BPA Blueprint 蓝图/计划设计图Board 委员会Boiler Plate 样板文件Bona Fide 真诚真实Bond 担保Bonus 奖金Bonus Schemes 奖励计划Booking Rates 预提费率BOOT参见Build, Own, Operate, TransferBottom Up Cost Estimate 自下而上成本估算Bottom Up Cost Estimating 自下而上成本估算Bottom Up Estimating 自下而上估算Boundary 边界BPA参见Blanket Purchase AgreementBPR参见Business Process ReengineeringBrainstorming 头脑风暴法Branching Logic 分支逻辑关系Breach of Contract 违约Breadboarding 实验模型Break Even 盈亏平衡Breakdown 分解Breakdown Structure 分解结构Break-Even Chart 盈亏平衡图Break-Even Charts 盈亏平衡图Break-Even Point 盈亏平衡点Bribe 贿赂BSA参见Balanced Scorecard ApproachBuck Passing 完全通过/推卸责任Budget 预算Budget at Completion ("BAC") 完工预算BACBudget Cost 预算成本Budget Costs 预算成本预算费用Budget Decrement 预算消耗Budget Element 预算要素Budget Estimate 预算估算参见EstimateBudget Presentation 预算介绍Budget Revision 预算修订Budget Unit 预算单位Budgetary Control 预算性控制Budgeted 已安排预算的Budgeted Cost of Work Performed ("BCWP") 已完工作预算成本BCWP Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled ("BCWS") 计划工作的预算成本Budgeting 制定预算Budgeting & Cost Management 预算制定与成本管理Build 建设构造Build, Own, Operate, Transfer ("BOOT") 建造拥有经营转让Buildability 建造能力Building 建筑物Building Professionalism 建设专业化Build-to Documentation 建成文档Built-in Test Equipment 内置测试设备Bulk Material 大宗材料Burden 间接费用负担参见Indirect Cost.Burden of Proof 举证费Bureaucracy 官僚制度Burn Rate 消耗速度Burst Node 分支点Business Actor 业务参与者/角色Business Appraisal 商业评估Business Area 业务领域Business Assurance 商业保证Business Assurance Coordinator 商业保证协调人Business Case 商业案例Business Change Manager ("BCM") 商业变更经理BCM Business Creation 商业创新Business Engineering 商业工程Business Imperative 商业需要Business Improvement 业务改进Business Manager 商务经理商业经理Business Modeling 业务建模Business Needs 商业需求Business Objectives 商业目标Business Operations 业务运作Business Process 业务流程Business Process Engineering 业务流程工程参见business engineeringBusiness Process Reengineering ("BPR") 业务流程重组Business Processes 业务流程Business Risk 商业风险Business Rule 商业规则Business Transition Plan 业务转换计划参见Transition PlanBusiness Unit 业务单位Buyer 买方Buyer's Market 买方市场Buy-In 支持认同买进Bypassing 回避C/SCSC参见Cost/Schedule Control System CriteriaC/SSR参见Cost/Schedule Status ReportCA参见Control AccountCAD参见Computer Aided Drafting参见Computer Aided DesignCalculate Schedule 估算进度安排Calculation 计算Calendar 日历参见Project Calendar.Calendar File 日历文件Calendar Range 日历范围Calendar Start Date 日历开始日期Calendar Unit 日历单位Calendar, Software 日历软件Calendars 日历集Calibration 校准CAM参见Cost Account Manager参见Computer Aided Manufacturing参见Control Account ManagerCAP参见Cost Account Plan参见Control Account PlanCapability 能力Capability Survey 能力调查Capital 资本Capital Appropriation 资本划拨Capital Asset 资本资产Capital Cost 资本成本Capital Employed 占用的资本Capital Expansion Projects 资本扩展项目Capital Goods Project 资本货物项目Capital Property 资本财产CAR参见Capital Appropriation RequestCards-on-the-wall Planning 墙卡规划法Career 职业Career Path Planning 职业路线规划Career Planning 职业规划参见Career Path Planning.Carryover Type 1 结转类型1Carryover Type 2 结转类型2Cascade Chart 层叠图CASE (1)参见Computer Aided Software EngineeringCASE (2)参见Computer Aided System Engineering Cash 现金Cash Flow 现金流Cash Flow Analysis 现金流分析Cash Flow Management 现金流管理Cash Flow, Net 现金流净值Cash In 现金流入Cash Out 现金支出Catalyst 催化者Catch-up Alternatives 赶上计划的备选方案Causation 起因Cause 动因CBD参见Component-Based DevelopmentCBS参见Cost Breakdown StructureCCB参见Change Control BoardCCDR参见Contractor Cost Data ReportCDR参见Critical Design ReviewCentral Processing Unit ("CPU") 中央处理单元Centralized 集中的Certain 确定的参见Certainty.Certainty 确定性Certificate of Conformance 一致性认证Certification 认证Chain 链Challenge 挑战Champion 推动者支持者Change 变更变化变革Change Control 变更控制Change Control Board ("CCB") 变更管理委员会Change Documentation 变更文档Change in Scope 工作范围变化参见Scope Change.Change Log 变更日志Change Management 变更管理Change Management Plan 变更管理计划Change Notice 变更通知Change Order 变更通知单参见V ariation OrderChanged Conditions 变更的条款Characteristic 特性Chart 图表Chart of Accounts 会计科目表Chart Room 图表室Charter 章程参见Project CharterChecking 检查Checklist 检查清单Checkpoint 检查点Checkpoints 检查点集Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官Child 子项Child Activity 子活动CI参见Configuration ItemClaim 索赔Clarification 澄清Class 类Classes 类Classification 分类Classification of Defects 缺陷的分类Clearance Number 净空数Client 客户Client Environment 客户环境Client Quality Services 客户质量服务Closed Projects 已收尾的项目Closeout 收尾Closeout Report 收尾报告Closeout, phase 收尾阶段参见Project Closeout.Closing 终止Closure 收尾CM参见Configuration Management参见Construction Management Coaching 教练Code 代码参见Source Code.Code and Unit Test 编码和单元测试Code of Accounts 帐目编码Coding 编码Collaboration 协作Collapsing 折叠Collective 集体的Combative 好战的Commercial 商务的Commercial Item Description 商务描述Commission and Handover 委托和移交Commissioning 试运行Commissions and Bonuses 酬金和奖金Commit 提交Commitment 承诺义务Commitment Document 承诺文件Commitment Estimate参见Estimate Class ACommitment Package 承诺包Commitment to Objectives 对目标的承诺Committed Cost 已承担成本已承付成本Committed Costs 已承诺费用Common Carrier 公众运营商Communicating With Groups 与团队的沟通Communicating With Individuals 与个人的沟通Communication 沟通参见Effective Communication. Communication Channels 沟通渠道Communication Plan, Strategic 沟通计划策略性的Communication Plan, Tactical 沟通计划--战术性的Communication Room 交流室Communications Management 沟通管理Communications Plan 沟通计划Communications Planning 沟通规划编制Community 社团Company 公司Comparison 对比Compatibility 兼容性Compensation 补偿Compensation and Evaluation 补偿和评价Competence 能力Competency 能力Competition 竞争Competitive:竞争的Compile 编译Compile Time 编译时Complete 完成Completed Activity 已完成的活动Completed Units 完工单元Completion 完工Completion Date 完成日期Complex 复杂的参见Project Complexity.Component 构件组件Component Integration and Test 组件集成和测试Component-Based Development ("CBD") 基于构件的开发Components 组件Compound Risk 复合风险Compromise 折衷Compromising, in negotiating 折衷谈判Computer 计算机Computer Aided Design ("CAD") 计算机辅助设计Computer Aided Drafting ("CAD") 计算机辅助制图Computer Aided Manufacturing ("CAM") 计算机辅助制造Computer Cost Applications 计算机化的成本管理应用Computer Hardware 计算机硬件Computer Modeling 计算机建模Computer Program Configuration Item 计算机程序配置项参见Computer Software Configuration Item.Computer Software 计算机软件Computer Software Component 计算机软件组件Computer Software Configuration Item ("CSCI") 计算机软件配置项Computer Software Documentation 计算机软件文档Computer Software Unit 计算机软件单元Computer-Aided 计算机辅助的Computerized Information Storage, Reference and Retrieval 计算机化的信息存储定位和检索Concept 概念Concept Definition Document 概念定义文档Concept Phase 概念阶段Concept Study 概念研究Conception Phase 概念形成阶段Conceptual 概念性的参见Concept.Conceptual Budgeting 概念性预算Conceptual Design 概念性设计Conceptual Development 概念性开发Conceptual Project Planning 概念性项目计划Concession 让步Concession Making, in negotiating 谈判中的让步Conciliatory 调和的Concluding 终决的Conclusions 结论Concurrency 并发性Concurrent 并发事件Concurrent Delays 并行延迟Concurrent Engineering 并行工程Concurrent Tasks 并行任务Conditional Risk 条件风险Conditions 条件条款Conducting 执行Confidence Level 信心等级Configuration 配置Configuration Audit 配置审核Configuration Breakdown 配置分解Configuration Control 配置控制Configuration Control Board 配置控制委员会Configuration Identification 配置识别Configuration Item Acceptance Review 配置项验收评审Configuration Item V erification 配置项验证Configuration Item V erification Procedures 配置项验证程序Configuration Management 配置管理Configuration Management Board 配置管理委员会Configuration Relationships 配置关系Configuration Status Accounting 配置状态统计Conflict 冲突Conflict Management 冲突管理Conflict Resolution 冲突解决方案Conformance to Requirements 与需求的一致性Confrontation 积极面对Consensus 一致同意Consensus Decision Process 集体决策过程Consent 同意Consequences 后果Consideration 对价Considerations 对价需要考虑的事项Consolidate 合并Consortium 联盟Constituents 涉众Constraint 约束条件Constraint, project constraint 约束条件对项目的约束Constraints 约束条件Constructability 施工能力Construction 施工构造建造建筑Construction Contractor 施工承包商Construction Cost 施工成本Construction Management ("CM") 施工管理Construction Manager 施工经理Construction Stage 施工阶段Construction Work 施工工作Construction-Oriented 以施工为导向的Constructive Challenge 建设性质询Constructive Change 建设性变更Consultant 咨询顾问Consulting 咨询Consumable Resource 可消耗资源Consumables 消费性物资Contemplated Change Notice 预期变更通知Contending, in negotiating 争论在谈判中Content 内容Content Type 内容类型Context 背景Contingencies 不可预见费应急费用参见Reserve and Contingency Planning.Contingency 不可预见费应急费用Contingency Allowance 应急补助参见Reserve.Contingency Budget Procedure 不可预见费用预算程序Contingency Plan 意外事件计划Contract Package 合同包参见Contract Breakdown.Contract Performance Control 合同履行控制Contract Plan 合同计划Contract Pre-award Meetings 合同预授予会议Contract Quality Requirements 合同质量要求Contract Requirements 合同要求Contract Risk 合同风险Contract Risk Analysis 合同风险分析Contract Signing 合同签署Contract Strategy 合同战略Contract Target Cost ("CTC") 合同目标成本Contract Target Price ("CTP") 合同目标价格Contract Type 合同分类Contract Types 合同类型Contract Work Breakdown Structure ("CWBS") 合同工作分解结构Contract/Procurement Management 合同/采购管理Contracting 签订合同Contractor 承包商Contractor Claims Release 承包商索赔豁免Contractor Cost Data Report ("CCDR") 承包商成本数据报告Contractor Evaluation 承包商评估Contractor Furnished Equipment 承包商供应的设备Contractor Project Office 承包商项目办公室Contractor Short Listing 承包商短列表Contractor's Performance Evaluation 承包商的绩效评价Contractual 合同的参见Contractual Conditions.Contractual Conditions 合同条款Contractual/Legal Requirements 合同的/法律上的要求Contributed V alue 贡献价值参见Added V alue.Contribution Analysis 贡献分析Control 控制参见Project Control 和Control Cycle.Control Account ("CA") 控制帐目Control Account Manager ("CAM") 控制帐目经理Control Account Plan ("CAP") : 控制帐目计划Control and Coordination 控制和协调Control Chart 控制表Control Cycle 控制周期Control Gate 控制关口控制关卡参见Management Control Point.Control Loop 控制回路Control Point 控制点Control Requirements 控制必要条件要求Control System 控制系统Control Theory 控制论Controllable Risks 可控风险Controlling 控制参看Project ControlControlling Relationship 控制关系Coordinated Matrix 协调型的矩阵Coordination 协调Coordinator 协调员Corporate 公司Corporate Administration and Finance 公司行政和财务Corporate Budget. 公司预算Corporate Business Life Cycle 公司商务生命周期Corporate Constraints 公司限制因素Corporate Data Bank 公司数据库Corporate Management 公司管理Corporate Memory 公司记忆库Corporate Philosophy 公司价值体系, 公司哲学Corporate Planning 公司计划编制Corporate Project Management 公司项目管理Corporate Project Strategy 公司项目战略Corporate Quality Standards 公司质量标准Corporate Resources 公司资源Corporate Responsibility Matrix 公司责任矩阵Corporate Standards 公司标准Corporate Supervision 公司监管Corporation 公司Correction 纠正Corrective Action 纠正措施Correlation 相关性Cost 成本参见Project Cost.Cost Account 成本帐目Cost Account Breakdown 成本帐目分解Cost Account Manager ("CAM") 成本帐目经理Cost Account Plan ("CAP") 成本帐目计划Cost Accumulation Methods 成本累加方法Cost Analysis 成本分析Cost Applications 成本应用Cost Avoidance 成本规避Cost Baseline 成本基线Cost Benefit 成本效益Cost Benefit Analysis 成本效益分析Cost Breakdown Structure 成本分解结构Cost Budgeting 成本预算Cost Ceiling 封顶成本成本上限Cost Ceiling Bracket 成本上限范围Cost Center 成本中心Cost Check 成本检查Cost Classes 成本类别Cost Code 成本代码Cost Codes 成本代码Cost Control 成本控制Cost Control Point 成本控制点Cost Control System 成本控制系统Cost Curve 成本曲线Cost Distribution 成本分摊Cost Effective 成本效率成本有效的Cost Element 成本元素Cost Engineering 成本工程Cost Envelope 成本区域Cost Estimate 成本估算Cost Estimate Classification System 成本估算分类系统Cost Estimating 成本估算Cost Estimating Relationship 成本估算关系Cost Forecast 成本预测Cost Forecasting 成本预测Cost Growth 成本增长Cost Incurred 已发生成本Cost Index 成本指数Cost Indices 成本指数表Cost Input 成本投入Cost Management 成本管理Cost Model 成本模型Cost of Money 资金成本Cost of Quality 质量成本Cost Overrun 成本超支Cost Performance Baseline 成本绩效基线请参见"Cost Baseline".Cost Performance Index ("CPI") 成本绩效指数Cost Performance Indicator ("CPI") 成本绩效指数Cost Performance Measurement Baseline 成本绩效度量基线Cost Performance Ratio ("CPR") 成本绩效比率参见Cost Performance IndicatorCost Performance Report ("CPR") 成本绩效报告Cost Plan 成本计划Cost Plus 成本补偿Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract ("CPFF") 成本加固定费用合同Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract ("CPIFC") 成本加奖励费用合同Cost Plus Percentage of Cost Contract ("CPPC") 成本加成本百分比合同Cost Reimbursable Contract 成本补偿合同费用可偿还合同Cost Reimbursement 成本补偿Cost Reimbursement Type Contracts 成本补偿型合同Cost Reviews 成本评审Cost Savings 成本节约Cost Sharing Contract 成本共享合同Cost Status 成本状态Cost to Complete 竣工尚需成本Cost to Complete Forecast 竣工所需成本预测Cost Types 成本类型Cost V ariance ("CV") 成本偏差Cost/Schedule Status Report ("C/SSR") 成本/进度状态报告Cost-Benefit Analysis 成本效益分析Costed Work Breakdown Structure 带成本信息的工作分解结构Cost-Effectiveness 成本效果分析法Costing 成本核算Costing Systems 成本核算系统Cost-Time Resource Sheet ("CTR") 成本时间资源表Counseling 指导Countermeasures 对策CPFFC参见"Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract"CPI参见"Cost Performance Index".参见"Cost Performance Indicator".CPIF 成本加奖励费用合同参见"Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract" CPIFC参见"Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract" CPM参见"Critical Path Method"CPN参见"Critical Path Network"CPPC参见"Cost Plus Percentage of Cost Contract" CPR参见"Cost Performance Ratio"参见Cost Performance Report"CPU参见"Central Processing Unit"CR参见"Change Request"Craft 技艺Crash Costs 赶工成本Crash Duration 赶工工期Crashing 赶工Creativity 创造力Credit 赊欠信誉Credited Resource 已授予的资源Crisis 危机Criteria 标准指标Criterion 标准指标Critical 关键的Critical Activity 关键活动Critical Chain 关键链Critical Defect 关键性缺陷Critical Defective 有关键缺陷的产品Critical Design Review 关键设计评审Critical Event 关键事件Critical Factors 关键因素Critical Path 关键路径Critical Path Analysis 关键路径分析Critical Path Method ("CPM") 关键路径法Critical Path Network ("CPN") 关键路径网络图Critical Performance Indicator 关键绩效指标Critical Ratio 临界比关键比率Critical Sequence 关键工序Critical Sequence Analysis 关键工序分析Critical Subcontractor 关键分包商Critical Success Factors ("CSF") 关键的成功因素Critical Task 关键任务Critical Work Item 关键工作项Criticality Index 关键指数Cross Organizational 交叉型组织跨组织的Cross References 交叉参照Cross-Stage Plan 交叉阶段计划CSCI参见"Computer Software Configuration Item".CSF参见"Critical Success Factors"CTC参见"Contract Target Cost"CTP参见"Contract Target Price"CTR参见"Cost-Time Resource Sheet"Culture 文化Culture, organizational 文化组织文化Cumulative Cost-to-Date 到目前为止的累计成本参见Total Expenditure to Date"Cumulative S Curve 累计S 曲线参见" S Curve"Currency Conversion 货币兑换Current Budget 当前预算Current Date Line 当前日期线Current Finish Date 当前完成日期Current FY Budget Allocation 当前财政年的预算分配Current Start Date 当前开始日期Current Status 当前状态Current Y ear 当年Custom Duty and Tax 海关关税Customer 客户Customer Acceptance Criteria 客户验收标准Customer Furnished Equipment 客户提供的设备Customer Perspective 客户观点Customer/Client Personnel 客户方的职员Cutoff Date 移交日期Cutover 移交CV参见Cost V ariance"CWBS参见"Contract Work Breakdown Structure" Cybernetics 控制论Cycle 周期Cycle Time 周期Damages 损害赔偿金Dangle 悬空活动Data 数据Data Application 数据应用Data Bank参见"Corporate Memory"Data Collection 数据收集Data Date ("DD") 数据日期Data Entry Clerk 数据录入员Data Item Description ("DID") 工作项描述Data Processing 数据处理Data Refinements 数据改进Data Type 数据类型Data Structure Organization 数据结构组织Database 数据库Database Administrator ("DBA") 数据库管理员Database Management System ("DBMS") 数据库管理系统Date of Acceptance 验收日期Day Work Account 日常工作帐户DBA参见"Database Administrator"DBM见"Dynamic Baseline Model"DBMS参见"Database Management System"DCE参见"Distributed Computing Environment"DCF参见"Discounted Cash Flow"DD参见"Data Date"Deactivation Plan 惰性化计划Deactivation Procedures 惰性化流程Debriefing 投标反馈听取情况汇报情况Decentralized 分散的Decision 决策Decision Documentation 决策文档Decision Event 决策事件Decision Making 制定决策Decision Making Process 决策过程Decision Support System 决策支持系统Decision Theory 决策论Decision Tree 决策树Decision Trees 决策树组Decomposing 分解Decomposition 分解Default 违约Default Values 默认值Defect 缺陷Defective 缺陷产品Defects-Per-Hundred-Units 每百个单元有缺陷的数量Deficiency 缺陷Deficiency List 缺陷清单Definition 定义Definition Phase 定义阶段Definitive 确定性的Definitive Estimate 确定性估算参见"Estimate"Deflection 风险转移Degradation 降级Delay 延期Delay, compensable 补偿性延期Delaying Resource 资源延期Delegating 授权Delegation 授权Deliberate Decision Event 预先准备的决策事件Deliverable 可交付成果,可交付物参见"Product".Deliverable Breakdown Structure 可交付物分解结构参见"Work Breakdown Structure"Deliverable Deadline 可交付物的终止期限Deliverables 可交付成果可交付物Deliverables Management 交付物管理Delivery 交付Delphi Technique 德尔菲法Demonstrate 演示证明Demonstrated 已证明的Demonstrated Past Experience 已证明的过去经验Demonstration 演示Demonstration Review 演示评审Department 部门Departmental Budget 部门预算Dependability 可靠性Dependencies 依赖关系Dependency 活动之间的依赖关系参见Logical Relationship"Dependency Arrow 关系箭线Dependency Diagram 网络图前导网络图Dependency Links 依赖关系Dependency Management 依赖关系管理Deployment 部署Deployment Lessons Learned Document 部署的经验教训文档Deployment Plan 部署计划Deployment Procedures 部署流程Deployment Readiness Review 部署准备评审Deployment View 部署视图Depreciation 折旧Descriptive 描述性的Design 设计Design & Development Phase 设计和开发阶段Design Alternatives 设计备选方案Design Appraisal 设计评估Design Authority 设计权威Design Baseline 基准设计Design Bid Build 设计阶段投标的建立Design Brief 设计大纲Design Build 设计的建立包括设计和构造Design Concept 设计概念Design Contingency 设计应急费用Design Contract 设计合同Design Control 设计控制Design Development 设计开发Design Management 设计管理Design Management Plan 设计管理计划Design Model 设计模型Design of Experiment 试验设计Design Package 设计包Design Review 设计评审Design Subsystem 设计子系统Design Time 设计时间Design to Budget 按预算设计Design to Cost 按成本设计Design-to Specifications 按规范设计。

ethic values的英文作文

ethic values的英文作文

ethic values的英文作文Ethic values are crucial to shaping the behavior and choices of individuals and societies. (伦理价值观对于塑造个人和社会的行为和选择至关重要。

) These values help us differentiate between right and wrong, guide us in making ethical decisions, and promote a sense of fairness and justice in our interactions with others. (这些价值观帮助我们区分是非，指导我们做出道德决策，并在与他人的互动中促进公平和正义感。

)One of the most significant perspectives on ethic values is their impact on personal conduct. (伦理价值观最重要的观点之一是它们对个人行为的影响。

) Personal ethic values shape our character, influence our choices, and guide our interactions with others. (个人伦理价值观塑造了我们的性格，影响了我们的选择，并指导了我们与他人的互动。

) For example, individuals who uphold honesty as a core value are more likely to be truthful in their dealings and relationships, fostering trust and integrity in their personal and professional lives. (例如，将诚实视为核心价值观的人更有可能在他们的交往和关系中保持真实，从而在他们的个人和职业生活中培养信任和诚信。

项目管理英文词汇

项目管理英文词汇

项目管理英文词汇ABC Activity Based Costing 基于活动的成本核算ABM Activity Based Management 基于活动的管理ACWP Actual Cost of Work Performed 已完成工作实际成本ADM Arrow Diagram Method 箭线图方法ADP Automated Data Processing 自动化数据处理ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution 替代争议解决方案AF Actual Finish Date 实际完成日期AFE Application for Expenditure 支出申请AFE Authority for Expenditure 开支权ALAP As-Late-As-Possible 尽可能晚AMR Advanced Material Release 材料提前发布AOA Activity on Arc 弧线表示活动双代号网络AOA Activity on Arrow 箭线表示活动双代号网络AON Activity on Node 节点表示活动单代号网络AOQ Average Outgoing Quality 平均出厂质量AOQL Average Outgoing Quality Limit 平均出厂质量限度APMA Area of Project Management Application 项目管理的应用领域APR Acquisition Plan Review 采购计划评审AQL Acceptable Quality Level 可接受质量水平AS Actual Start Date 实际开始日期ASAP As-Soon-As-Possible 尽快ATP Acceptance Test Procedure 验收测试过程AUW Authorized Unpriced Work 批准的未定价工作BAC Budget at Completion 完工预算BAC Baseline at Completion 完成/完工基线BATNA Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement 协议外最佳方案BCM Business Change Manager 商业变更经理BCWP Budgeted Cost of Work Performed 已完工作预算成本BCWS Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled 计划工作的预算成本BEC Elapsed Cost 计划工作的预算成本BOOT Build, Own, Operate, Transfer 建造拥有经营转让BPA Blanket Purchase Agreement 一揽子采购协议BSA Balanced Scorecard Approach 平衡记分卡方法C/SCSC Cost/Schedule Control System Criteria 成本控制系统标准? C/SSR Cost/Schedule Status Report 成本/进度状态报告CA Control Account 控制帐目CAD Computer Aided Drafting/Design 计算机辅助制图/设计CAM Cost Account Manager 成本帐目经理CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造CAM Control Account Manager 控制帐目经理CAP Cost Account Plan 成本帐目计划CAP Control Account Plan 控制帐目计划CAR Capital Appropriation Request 资本划拨请求CBD Component-Based Development 基于构件的开发CBS Cost Breakdown Structure 成本分解结构CCB Change Control Board 变更管理委员会CCDR Contractor Cost Data Report 承包商成本数据报告CDR Critical Design Review 关键设计评审CI Configuration Item 配置项CM Configuration Management/Construction Management 配置管理/施工管理CPFFC Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract 成本加固定费用合同CPI Cost Performance Index 成本绩效指数CPI Cost Performance Indicator 成本绩效指数CPIFC Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract 成本加奖励费用合同CPM Critical Path Method 关键路径法CPN Critical Path Network 关键路径网络图CPPC Cost Plus Percentage of Cost Contract 成本加成本百分比合同CPR Cost Performance Ratio 成本绩效比率CPR Cost Performance Report 成本绩效报告CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理单元CR Change Request 变更请求CSCI Computer Software Configuration Item 计算机软件配置CSF Critical Success Factors 关键的成功因素CTC Contract Target Cost 合同目标成本CTP Contract Target Price 合同目标价格CTR Cost-Time Resource Sheet 成本时间资源表CV Cost Variance 成本偏差CWBS Contract Work Breakdown Structure 合同工作分解结构DBA Database Administrator 数据库管理员DBM Dynamic Baseline Model 动态基线模型DBMS Database Management System 数据库管理系统DCE Distributed Computing Environment 分布式计算环境DCF Discounted Cash Flow 折现现金流DD Data Date 数据日期DID Data Item Description 工作项描述DRD documentation Requirements Description 文档要求说明DU Duration 工期持续时间EAC Estimated Actual at Completion 实际完工估算ECC Estimated Cost to Complete 尚未完成的成本估算ECP Engineering Change Proposal 工程变更建议书EF Early Finish Date 最早完成日期EFC Estimated Final Cost 估算的最终成本EMR Expenditure Management Report 支出管理报告EPS Enterprise Project Structure 企业项目结构ERP Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源规划ERPS Enterprise Resource Planning Systems 企业资源规划系统ES Early Start Date 最早开始日期ESAR Extended Subsequent Applications Review 扩展后续应用评审ETC Estimate To Complete 尚未完成/完工的估算EV Expected value 期望值EVMS Earned value Management System 挣值管理系统FAC Forecast At Completion 完工预测FF Free Float 自由浮动时间FFP Firm Fixed Price Contract 严格固定价格合同FIFO First In, First Out 先进先出FM Functional Manager 职能经理FP Fixed Price Contract 固定价格合同FPPIF Fixed Price Plus Incentive Fee Contract 固定价格加激励酬FTC Forecast to Completion 完工尚需预测FTP File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议G&A General and Administrative Costs 综合行政管理成本G&A General and Administrative 综合行政管理费GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 公认会计原则GERT Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique 图形评审技术GUI Graphical User Interface 图形用户界面项目管理专用中英文术语词汇1、活动，Activity2、活动定义，Activity Definition3、活动描述/说明，AD=Activity Description4、活动历时估算，Activity Duration Estimating5、箭线网络图（双代号网络图），AOA=Activity-On-Arrow6、节点式网络图（单代号网络图），AON=Activity-on-Node7、已执行工作实际成本，ACWP=Actual Cost of Work Performe*8、实际完成日期，**=*ctual Finish Date9、实际开始日期，AS=Actual Start Date10、行政收尾，Administrative Closure11、箭线，Arrow12、箭线图示法，ADM=Arrow Diagramming Method13、逆推计算法，Backward Pass14、横道图，Bar Chart15、基准计划，Baseline16、完工预算，BAC=Budget At Completion17、概算，Budget Estimate18、已执行预算成本，BCWP=Budgeted Cost of Work Performed19、计划执行预算成本，BCWS= Budgeted Cost of Scheduled20、日历单位，Calendar Unit21、变更控制委员会，CCB=Chang Control Board22、沟通规划，Communications Planning23、并行工程，Concurrent Engineering24、意外费用，Contingencies25、意外准备金，contingency Allowance26、意外规划，Contingency Planning27、意外储备，Contingency Reserve28、合同，Contract29、合同管理，Contract Administration30、合同收尾，Contract Close-out31、控制，Control32、控制图，Control Chart33、纠正措施，Corrective Action34、费用预算，Cost Budgeting35、费用控制，Cost Control36、费用做算，Cost Estimating37、质量成本，Cost of Quality38、费用绩效指数，CPI=Cost Performance Index39、费用偏差，CV=Cost Variance40、赶工，Crashing41、关键工序，Critical Activity42、关键路线，Critical Path43、关键路线法，CPM=Critical Path Method44、当前完成日期，Current Finish Date45、当前开始日期，Current Start Date46、数据日期，DD=Data Date47、交付物，Deliverable48、依赖关系，Dependency49、虚活动，Dummy Activity50、延续时间，DU=Duration51、延续时间压缩，Duration Compression52、最早完工日期，EF=Early Finish Date53、最早开始日期，ES=Early Start Date54、挣值法，EV=Earned value55、挣值分析，Earned value Analysis56、人工量，Effort57、估算，概算，Estimate58、在完成时的费用估算，EAC=Estimate At Completion59、到完成时的估算，ETC=Estimate To Complete60、单节点事件图，Event-on-Node61、例外报告，Exception Report62、完成日期，Finish Date63、完成到完成关系，FF=Finish-to-Finish64、完成到开始关系，FS=Finish-to-Start65、时差，机动时间，浮动时间，Float66、顺推计算法，Forward Pass67、自由时差，FF=Free Float68、职能经理，Functional Manager69、职能组织，Functional Organization70、甘特图，Gantt Chart71、图解评审技术，GERT=Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique72、集合工作，Hammock73、悬摆，Hanger74、信息分发，Information Distribution75、立项，Initiation76、成本/进度综合报告，Integrated Cost/Schedule Reporting77、邀标，IFB= Invitation for Bid78、关键事件进度计划，Key Event Schedule79、滞后量，Lag80、最晚完成日期，LF=Late Finish Date81、最晚开始日期，LS=Late Start Date82、提前量，Lead83、全生命期成本估算，Life-cycle Costing84、产品经理，Line Manager85、逻辑图，Logic Diagram86、逻辑关系，Logical Relationship87、回路，Loop88、管理储备量，Management Reserve89、主进度计划，Master Schedule90、矩阵型组织，Matrix Organization91、里程碑，Milestone92、里程碑进度计划，Milestone Schedule93、现代项目管理，MPM=Modern Project Management94、监控，Monitoring95、蒙托卡罗分析，Monte Carlo Analysis96、次关键工作，Near-Critical Activity97、网络，Network98、网络分析，Network Analysis99、网络逻辑，Network Logic100、网络路线，Network Path101、节点，Node102、组织分解结构，OBS=Organizational Breakdown Structure 103、组织规划，Organizational Planning104、整体变更控制，Overall Change Control105、重叠，Overlap106、参数估算法，Parametric Estimating107、线路，Path108、线路时差，Path Float109、完成百分比，PC=Percent Complete110、执行报告，Performance Reporting111、执行机构，Performing organization112、计划评审技术图，PERT Chart113、计划的完成日期，PF=Planned Finish Date114、计划的开始日期，PS=Planned Start Date115、优先图示法，PDM=Precedence Diagramming Method116、优先关系，Precedence Relationship117、紧前工作，Predecessor Activity118、采购规划，Procurement Planning119、工程，Program120、计划评审技术，PERT=Program Evaluation and Review Technique 121、项目，Project122、项目许可证，Project Charter123、项目沟通管理，Project Communication Management124、项目费用管理，Project Cost Management125、项目人力资源管理，Project Human Resource Management126、项目综合管理，Project Integration Management127、项目生命周期，Project Life Cycle128、项目管理，PM=Project Management129、项目管理知识体系，PMBOK=Project Management Body of Knowledge 130、项目管理软件，Project Management Software131、项目管理团队，Project Management Team132、项目经理，PM=Project Manager133、项目网络图，Project Network Diagram134、项目阶段，Project Phase135、项目计划，Project Plan136、项目计划开发，Project Plan Development137、项目计划实施，Project Plan Execution138、项目规划，Project Planning139、项目采购管理，Project Procurement Management140、项目质量管理，Project Quality Management141、项目风险管理，Project Risk Management142、项目进度计划，Project Schedule143、项目范围管理，Project Scope Management144、项目团队成员，Project Team Member145、项目时间管理，Project Time Management146、项目型组织，Project Organization147、质量保证，QA=Quality Assurance148、质量控制，QC=Quality Control149、质量规划，Quality Planning150、剩余持续时间，RDU=Remaining Duration151、请求建议书，RFP=Request for Proposal152、请求报价单，RFQ=Request for Quotation153、储备量，Reserve154、资源平衡，Resource Leveling155、资源约束进度计划，Resource-Limited Schedule156、资源规划，Resource Planning157、责任分配矩阵，RAM=Responsibility Assignment Matrix 158、责任图，Responsibility Chart159、责任矩阵，Responsibility Matrix160、保留金，Retain age161、突发事件，Risk Event162、风险识别，Risk Identification163、风险应对控制，Risk Response Control164、风险应对开发，Risk Response Development165、S曲线，S-Curve166、进度计划，Schedule167、进度计划分析，Schedule Analysis168、进度计划压缩，Schedule Compression169、进度计划控制，Schedule Control170、进度执行指数，SPI=Schedule Performance Index 171、进度偏差，SV=Schedule Variance172、计划完成日期，SF=Scheduled Finish Date 173、计划开始日期，SS=Scheduled Start Date174、范围，Scope175、范围基准计划，Scope Baseline176、范围变更，Scope Change177、范围变更控制，Scope Change Control178、范围定义，Scope Definition179、范围规划，Scope Planning180、范围验证，Scope Verification181、时差，Slack182、询价，Solicitation183、询价规划，Solicitation184、工作人员招募，Staff Acquisition185、项目相关者，Stakeholder186、开始日期，Start Date187、开始到完成关系，Start-to-Finish188、开始到开始关系，Start-to-Start189、工作说明，SOW=Statement of Work190、子网，Subnet191、子网络，Subnet Work192、后续工作，Successor Activity193、目标完成日期，TC=Target Completion Date194、目标时度计划，Target Schedule195、任务，Task196、团队建设，Team Development197、团队成员，Team members198、时标网络图，Time-Scaled Network Diagram 199、目标完成日期，TF=Target Finish Date200、目标开始日期，Ts=Target Start Date201、总时差，TF=Total Float202、全面质量管理，TQM=Total Quality Management 203、权变措施，Workaround204、工作分解结构，WBS=Work Breakdown Structure 205、工作包，Work Package。

管理学专业术语(中英文对照)

管理学专业术语(中英文对照)

1.管理与组织导论管理者:(manager)基层管理者:(first-line managers)中层管理者:(middle managers)高层管理者:(top managers)管理:(management)效率:(efficiency)效果:(effectiveness)计划:(planning)组织:(organizing)领导:(leading)控制:(controlling)管理角色:(management roles)人际关系角色:(interpersonal roles)信息传递角色:(informational roles)决策制定角色:(descisional roles)技术技能:(technical skills)人际技能:(human skills)概念技能:(conceptual skills)管理的普遍性:(universality of management)2.管理的历史劳动分工:(division of labor)工作专业化:(job specialization)工业革命:(industrific revolution)科学管理:(scientific management)一般行政管理理论:(general administrative theory) 管理原则:(principles of management)官僚行政组织:(bureaucracy)定量方法:(quantitative approach)组织行为:(organizational behavior)霍桑研究系统:(Hawthorne studies systems)封闭系统:(closed systems)开放系统:(open systems)权变理论:(contingency approach)劳动力多元化:(workforce diversity)电子企业:(e-business)电子商务:(e-commerce)内部网:(intranet)学习型组织:(learning organization)知识管理:(knowledge management)质量管理:(quality management)3.组织文化与环境管理万能论:(omnipotent view of management) 管理象征论:(symbolil view of management) 组织文化:(organization culture)强文化:(strong cultures)社会化:(socialization)工作场所精神境界:(workplace spirituality)外部环境:(external environment)具体环境:(specific environment)一般环境:(general environment)环境的不确定性:(environment uncertainty)环境的复杂性:(environment complexity)利益相关群体:(stakholders)4.全球环境中的管理狭隘主义:(parochialism)民族中心论:(ethnocentric attitude)多国中心论:(polycentric attitude)全球中心论:(geocentric attitude)跨国公司:(multinational corporation)多国公司:(multidomestic corporation)全球公司:(global company)跨国或无边界组织:(transnational or boredrless organization) 初始全球化组织:(born globals)全球外购:(global sourcing)出口:(exporting)进口:(importing)许可证经营:(licensing)许可经营:(franchising)战略同盟:(strategic alliance)合资企业:(joint venture)外国子公司:(foreign subsidiary)市场经济:(market economy)计划经济:(command economy)民族文化:(national culture)5.社会责任与管理道德古典观点:(classical view)社会经济学观点:(socioeconomic view)社会义务:(social obligation)社会响应:(social responsiveness)社会责任:(social responsinility)社会屏障筛选:(social screening)管理的绿色化:(gerrning of management)以价值观为基础的管理:(values-based management) 道德:(ethics)自我强度控制点:(ego strength locus of control)道德准则:(code of ethics)社会企业家:(social entrepreneur)社会影响管理:(social impact management)6.制定决策决策:(decisions)决策制定过程:(decision-making process)决策标准问题:(decision criteria problem)理性的:(rational)有限理性:(bounded rationality)满意的承诺升级:(satisfied escalation of commitment) 直觉决策:(intuitive decision making)结构良好问题:(structured problems)程序化决策:(programmed decision)程序:(procedure)规则:(rule)政策:(policy)结构不良问题:(unstructured problems)非程序化决策:(nonprogrammed decisions) 确定性:(certainty)风险性:(risk)命令型风格:(directive style)分析型风格:(analytic style)概念型风格:(conceptual style)行为型风格:(behavioral style)启发法:(heuristics)7.计划的基础陈述目标:(stated goals)真实目标:(real goals)战略计划:(strategic plans)运营计划:(operational plans)长期计划:(long-term plans)短期计划:(short-term plans)具体计划:(specific plans)方向性计划:(directional plans)一次性计划:(single-used plans)持续性计划:(standing plans)传统目标:(traditional goal setting)手段-目标链:(means-ends chain)目标管理:(management by objectives)使命:(mission)承诺概念:(commitment concept)正式计划部门:(formal planning department) 8.战略管理战略管理:(strategic management)组织战略商业模式:(strategies business model ) 战略管理过程:(strategic management process) 机会:(opportunities)威胁:(threats)资源:(resources)能力:(capabilities)核心竞争力:(core competencies)SWOT分析法:(SWOT analysis)公司层战略:(corporate strategy)增长战略:(growth strategy)相关多元化:(related diversification)非相关多元化:(unrelated diversification)稳定性战略:(stability strategy)更新战略:(renewal strategies)紧缩战略:(retrenchment strategy)扭转战略:(turnaround strategy)BCG矩阵:(BCG matrix)业务层战略:(business strategy)战略业务单元:(strategic business units) 竞争优势:(competitive advantage)成本领先战略:(cost leadership strategy) 遵循差异化战略:(differentiation strategy) 聚焦战略:(focus strategy)徘徊其间:(stuck in the middle)战略灵活性:(strategic flexibility)市场先入者:(first mover)9.计划的工具技术环境扫描:(environment scanning)竞争对手情报:(competitor intelligence) 预测:(forecasts)定量预测:(quantitative forecasting)定性预测:(qualitative forecasting)标杆比较:(benchmarking)资源:(resources)预算:(budget)甘特图:(Gantt chart)负荷图:(load chart)事件:(events)计划评审技术:(the program evaluation and review technique) 活动:(activities)松弛时间:(slack time)关键路径:(critical path)盈亏平衡分析:(breakeven analysis)线性规划:(linear programming)项目管理:(project management)脚本:(scenario)10.组织结构与设计组织结构设计:(organazational structure design)工作专门化:(work specialization)职能部门化:(functional departmentalization)产品部门化:(product departmentalization)地区部门化:(geographical departmentalization)过程部门化:(process departmentalization)顾客部门化:(customer departmentalization)跨职能团队:(cross-functional teams)指挥链:(chain of command)职权:(authority)职责:(responsibility)统一指挥:(unity of command)管理跨度:(span of control)集权化:(centralization)分权化:(decentralization)员工授权:(employee empowerment)正规化:(formalization)机械式组织:(mechanistic organization) 有机式组织:(organic organization)单件生产:(unit production)大批量生产:(mass production)连续生产:(process production)简单结构:(simple structure)职能型结构:(flanctional structure)事业部型结构:(divisional structure)团队结构:(team structure)矩阵型结构:(matrix structure)项目型结构:(project structure)无边界组织:(boundaryless organization) 虚拟组织:(virtual organization)学习型组织:(learning organization)组织结构图:(organizational charts)11.沟通与信息技术沟通:(communication)人际沟通:(interpersonal communication) 组织沟通:(organizational communication) 信息:(message)编码:(encoding)解码:(decoding)沟通过程:(communication process)噪声:(noise)非语言沟通:(nonverbal communication) 体态语言:(body language)语调:(verbal intonation)过滤:(filtering)信息超载:(information overload)积极倾听:(active listening)正式沟通:(formal communication)非正式沟通:(informal communication) 下行沟通:(upward communication)横向沟通:(lateral communication)斜向沟通:(diagonal communication)沟通网络:( communication networks)小道消息:(grape-vine)电子邮件:()即时消息:(instant messaging)音频邮件:(voic)电子数据交换:(electrinic data interchange)电话会议:(teleconferencing)可视会议:(videoconferencing)网络会议:(webconferencing)内部互联网:(intranet)外部互联网:(Extranet)实践社区:(communities practive)12.人力资源管理高绩效工作实务:(high-performance work practices)人力资源管理过程:(human resource management process) 工会(labor union)反优先雇佣行动计划:(affirmative action)人力资源规划:(human resource planning)职务分析:(job analysis)职务说明书:(job description)职务规范:(job specification)招聘:(recruitment)解聘:(decriuitment)甄选:(selection)效度:(validity)信度:(reliability)工作抽样:(work samping)评估中心:(assessment centers)真实工作预览:(relistic job preview)上岗培训:(orientation)绩效管理系统:(performance management system)书面描述法:(written essay)关键事件法:(critical incidents)评分表法:(graphic rating scales)行为定位评分法:(behaviorally anchored rating scales) 多人比较法:(multiperson comparisons)360度反馈法:(360-degree feedback)基于技能薪酬:(skill-based pay)浮动工资:(variable pay)精简机构:(downsizing)性骚扰:(sexual harassment)基于家庭的福利:(family-friendly benefits)13.变革与创新管理组织变革:(organizational change)变革推动者:(change agent)组织发展:(organizational development)压力:(stress)14.行为的基础行为:(behavior)组织行为学:(organizational behavior)员工生产率:(employee productivity)离职率:(turnover)组织公民行为:(organizational citizen behavior)工作满意度:(job satisfaction)工作场所不当行为态度:(workplace misbehavior attitudes) 认知行为:(cognitive component)情感成分:(affective component)行为成分:(behavior component)组织承诺:(organizational commitment)组织支持感:(perceived organizational support)认知失调:(cognitive dissonance)态度调查:(attitude surveys)人格:(personality)马基雅维里主义:(machiavellianism)自尊:(self-esteem)自我控制:(self-monitoring)印象管理:(impression management)情绪:(emotion)情绪智力:(emotional Intelligence)知觉:(perception)归因理论:(attribution theory)基本归因错误:(fundamental attribution error) 自我服务偏见:(self-serving bias)假设相似性:(assumed similarity)刻板印象:(stereotyping)晕轮效应:(halo effect)操作性条件反射:(operant conditioning)社会学习理论:(social learning theory)行为塑造:(shaping behavior)15.理解群体与团队群体:(group)形成阶段:(forming)震荡阶段:(storming)规范阶段:(norming)执行阶段:(performing)解体阶段:(adjourning)群体思维:(groupthink)地位:(status)社会惰化:(social loafing)群体内聚力:(group cohesiveness)冲突:(conflict)冲突的传统观点:(traditional view of conflict)冲突的人际关系观点:(human relations view of conflict) 冲突的交互作用观点:(interactionist view of conflict) 积极冲突:(functional conflict)消极冲突:(disfunctional conflict)任务冲突:(task conflict)关系冲突:(relationship conflict)过程冲突:(process conflict)工作团队:(workteams)自我管理团队:(self-managed work teams)跨职能团队:(cross-functional team)虚拟团队:(virtual team)社会网络构造:(social network structure)16.激励员工动机:(motivation)需要层次理论:(hierarchy of needs theory) 双因素理论:(two-factor theory)保健因素:(hygiene factors)激励因素:(motivators)三种需要理论:(three-needs theory)成就需要:(need for achievement)权力需要:(need for power)归属需要:(need for affiliation)目标设置理论:(goal-setting theory)自我效能感:(self-efficacy)强化理论:(reinforcement theory)强化物:(reinforcer)工作设计:(job design)工作扩大化:(job enlargement)工作丰富化:(job enrichment)工作深度:(job depth)工作特征模型:(job characteristics model) 公平理论:(equity theory)参照对象:(referents)分配公平:(distributive justice)程序公平:(procedural justice)期望理论:(expectancy theory)压缩工作周:(compressed workweek)弹性工作制:(flexible work hours)弹性时间制:(flextime)工作分担:(job sharing)远程办公:(telecommuting)账目公开管理:(open-book management)员工认可方案:(employee recognition programs) 绩效工资方案:(pay-for-performance program) 股票期权:(stock options)17.领导领导者:(leader)领导:(leadership)行为理论:(behavioral theories)独裁型风格:(authoeratic style)民主型风格:(democratic style)放任型风格:(laissez-faire style)定规维度:(initiating strueture)关怀维度:(consideration)高-高型领导者:(high-high leader)管理方格:(managerial grid)权变模型:(contingency model)最难共事着问卷:(least-preferred co-worker questionnaire) 情境领导理论:(situational leadership theory)成熟度:(readiness)领导者参与模型:(leader participation model)路径-目标理论:(path-goal theory)交易型领导者:(transactional leaders)变革型领导者:(transformational leaders)领袖魅力型领导者:(charismatic leader)愿景规划型领导:(visionary leadership)法定权利:(legitimate power)强制权利:(coercive power)奖赏权力:(reward power)专家权利:(expert power)参照权利:(referent power)信誉:(credibility)信任:(trust)授权:(empowerment)18.控制的基础控制:(controlling)市场控制:(market control)官僚控制:(bureaucratic control)小集团控制:(clan control)控制过程:(control process)偏差范围:(range of variation)直接纠正行动:(immediate corrective)彻底纠正行动:(basic correvtive action)绩效:(performance)组织绩效:(organizational performance)生产率:(productivity)组织有效性:(organizational effectiveness)前馈控制:(feedforward control)同期控制:(concurrent control)走动管理:(management by walking around)反馈控制:(feedback control)经济附加值:(economic value added)市场附加值:(market valueadded)平衡计分卡:(balanced scorecard)管理信息系统:(management information system)- - -标杆比较:(benchmarking)员工偷窃:(employee theft)服务利润链:(service profit chain)公司治理:(corporate governance)19.运营与价值链管理运营管理:(operations management)制造型组织:(manufacturing organizations)服务型组织:(service organizations)价值链:(value chain)价值链管理:(value chain management)组织过程:(organizational processes)知识产权:(intellectual processes)质量:(quality)批量定制:(mass customization)- - 总结资料。

(财务知识)EVA经济增加值介绍以及评述

(财务知识)EVA经济增加值介绍以及评述

目录 1目录第一部分EV A简要评述 (1)一、EV A的理论渊源及概念 (1)二、EV A的计算 (2)三、EV A的功能特点 (5)四、相关指标 (5)第二部分EV A业绩评价系统 (7)一、我国公司业绩评价现状及其存在问题 (7)二、EV A评价公司经营业绩原理 (9)三、应用EV A指标评价的具体方法 (10)四、EV A评价系统的主要优势 (12)五、EV A指标评价需注意的问题 (14)第三部分EV A财务管理系统 (16)一、现有财务管理系统的不完善之处 (16)二、EV A公司财务管理系统 (17)第四部分EV A激励制度 (24)一、有效的激励机制应具备的功能 (24)二、传统奖金与经理人股票期权激励制度失效的原因 (25)二、经理人股票期权激励制度失效原因 (26)三、EV A奖金制度 (27)四、EV A股票期权计划（杠杆股票期权） (32)五、实施EV A奖励机制应注意的几个方面 (33)目录2第五部分结束语 (35)一、EV A管理模式对完善我国企业治理结构的借鉴意义 (35)二、我国企业引用EV A管理模式需要的条件 (36)参考文献 (38)后记 (40)第一部分EV A简要评述 1EV A（经济增加值，Economic Value Added）是国外二十世纪九十年代发展起来的一种新的企业业绩评价指标，正越来越受到企业界的关注与青睐。

管理学之父彼得·德鲁克在哈佛商业评论上的一篇文章中指出：“作为一种度量全要素生产率的关键指标，EV A反映了管理价值的所有方面。

” EV A不仅是一个全面的绩效衡量指标，还是一个全面财务管理的框架、一种经理人的薪酬激励机制。

从本质上说，EV A管理是基于价值的管理，它揭示了价值创造的途径，指出了创造财富的真正关键所在，是一种变革性战略。

它通过影响一个企业从董事会到基层上上下下的所有决策，改善组织内部每一个人的工作环境，改变员工的行为方式和企业文化，帮助管理者为股东、客户和自己带来更多的财富。

业绩评价概述

业绩评价概述

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Advanced Financial Management
（1） 将绩效评价纳入到企业战略管 理的全过程
（2） 开始注重反映利益相关者的要求
（3） 注重对知识与智力资本等无形 资产的评价
（4） 注重对企业整体业务流程的评 价
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EVA是英文Economic Value Added 的缩写，意译为经济 附加值或经济增加值。
EVA的基本理念可以阐释为：一个企业只有在其资本收益 超过为获取该收益所投入资本的全部成本时才能为企业 的股东带来价值。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
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2、EVA的基本计算公式为： EVA值的理论公式： EVA=(ROIC-WACC) ×IC=NOPAT-COIC ROIC是投入资本报酬率(Return On Invested
权益资本的计算主要理论支撑是资本资产定价模型 （CAPM），权益资本的报酬率是无风险报酬率加上 权益风险报酬。
根据资本结构中债务与权益的比例加权计算综合资本成本。
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税后净营业利润，其中净是指对一些会计信息的 调整项目，思腾思特公司认为调整项目有164 条。
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Advanced Financial Management
绩效评价功能
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认识功能 考核功能 引导与促进功
能 挖潜功能
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Advanced Financial Management

人力资源专业术语(中英文对照)

人力资源专业术语(中英文对照)

1.人力资源管理导论组织:(organization)管理者:(manager)管理过程:(management process)人力资源管理:(human resource management)职权:(authority)直线职权:(line authority)职能职权:(staff authority)直线经理:(line manager)职能经理:(staff manager)全球化:(globalization)人力资本:(human capital)伦理道德:(ethics)2.公平就业机会及相关法律积极的反歧视行动:(affirmative action)规范化指南:(uniform guide lines)受保护群体:(protected class)混合动机:(mixed motive)合格者:(qualified individuals)性骚扰:(sexual harassment)五分之四法则:(4/5 ths rule)消极影响:(adverse impact)差别拒绝率:(sisparate rejection rates)限制性政策:(restricted policy)人口比较:(population comparisons)真实职业资格:(bona tide accupational qualification)建设性争议处理程序:(alternative dispute resolution)建设性争议处理计划:(ADR program)多元化:(diversity)刻板印象:(stereotyping)歧视:(discrimination)象征主义:(tokenism)种族中心主义:(ethnocentrism)性别角色刻板印象:(gender-role stereotype)善意努力战略:(good faith effort strategy)逆向歧视:(reverse discrimination)3.人力资源管理战略与分析战略规划:(strategic plan)战略管理:(strategic management)使命陈述:(mission statement)公司战略:(corporate-level strategy)竞争战略:(competitive strategy)竞争优势:(competitive advantage)职能战略:(functional strategy)战略性人力资源管理:(strategic human resource management)战略地图:(strategy map)人力资源计分卡:(HR scorecard)数字仪表盘:(digital dashboard)基于战略的衡量指标:(strategy-based metrics)人力资源管理审计:(HR audit)高绩效工作系统:(high-performance work system)4.职位分析与人才管理过程人才管理:(talent management)职位分析:(job analysis)职位描述:(job description)任职资格:(job specification)组织结构图:(organization chart)工作流程图:(process chart)工作流分析:(workflow analysis)业务流畅再造:(business process reengineering)职位扩大化:(job enlargement)职位轮换:(job rotation)职位丰富化:(job enrichment)工作日记/日志:(diary/log)职位分析问卷法:(position analysis questionnaire)标准职位分类:(standard occupational classification)任务描述:(task statement)职位要求矩阵:(job requirements matrix)5.人事规划与招聘人事规划:(workforce planning)趋势分析:(trend analysis)比率分析:(ratio analysis)散点分析:(scatter plot)任职资格条件库:(qualifications inventories)人员替代图:(personnel replacement charts)职位替代卡:(position replacement card)马尔科夫分析法:(markov analysis)继任规划:(succession planning)员工招聘:(employee recruiting)招聘产出金字塔:(recruiting yield pyramid)职位空缺公告:(job posting)非常规性配员:(alternative staffing)即时招聘服务机构:(on-demand recruiting services)大学校园招募:(college recruiting)求职申请表:(application form)6.员工测试与甄选疏忽雇佣:(negligent hiring)信度:(reliability)测试效度:(test validity)效标关联效度:(criterion validity)内容效度:(content validity)构想效度:(construct validity)期望图:(expectancy chart)兴趣测试:(interest inventories)工作样本:(work samples)工作样本技术:(work samples technique)管理评价中心:(management assessment centers)情境测试:(situational test)视频模拟测试:(video-based simulation)小型工作培训和评价方法:(miniature job training and evaluation) 7.求职者面试非结构化面试:(unstructured interviews)结构化面试:(structured interviews)情景面试:(situational interview)行为面试:(behavioral interview)职位相关性面试:(job-related interview)压力面试:(stress interview)结构化顺序面试:(unstructured sequential interview)小组面试:(panel interview)集体面试:(mass interview)求职者面试顺序误差:(candidate-order or contrast error)结构化情境面试:(structured situational interview)8.员工培训与开发新员工入职引导:(employee orientation training)培训:(training)任务分析:(task analysis)培训疏忽:(negligent training)胜任素质模型:(competency model)绩效分析:(performance analysis)在岗培训:(on-the-job training)学徒制培训:(apprenticeship training)工作指导培训:(job instruction training)程序化学习:(programmed learning)行为塑造:(behavior modeling)电子化绩效支持系统:(electronic performance support system)工作助手:(job aid)终身学习:(lifelong learning)交叉培训:(cross training)虚拟课堂:(virtual classroom)管理技能开发:(management development)职位轮换:(job rotation)行为学习:(action learning)案例研究法:(case study method)管理游戏:(management games)角色扮演:(role play)企业内开发中心:(inhouse development centres)高管教练:(executive coach)组织发展:(organization development)控制实验:(controlled experimentation)9.绩效管理与评价绩效评价:(performance appraisal)绩效评价过程:(performance process)绩效管理:(performance management)图评价尺度法:(graphic rating scale)交替排序法:(alternative ranking method)配对比较法:(paired comparison method)强制分布法:(forced distribution method)关键事件法:(critical incident method)行为锚定等级评价法:(behaviorally anchored rating scale)目标管理:(management by objectives)电子化绩效监控:(electronic performance monitoring)标准不清:(unclear standard)晕轮效应:(halo effect)居中趋势:(central tendency)宽大或严格倾向:(strictness/leniency)近因效应:(recency effect)绩效评价面谈:(appraisal interview)10.员工保留、敬业度及职业生涯管理职业生涯:(career)职业生涯管理:(career management)职业生涯开发:(career development)职业生涯规划:(career planning)现实震荡:(reality shock)导师指导:(mentoring)教练指导:(coaching)晋升:(promotion)调动:(transfer)不服从上级:(insuboardination)自由解雇:(terminate at will)解雇面谈:(termination interview)重新谋职咨询:(outplacement counseling)离职面谈:(exit interview)临时解雇:(lay off)裁员:(down sizing)解雇管理:(managing dismissals)生命周期:(lifecycle career)职业生涯管理:(career management)职业锚:(career anchor)11.制定战略性薪酬计划员工薪酬:(employee compensation)直接经济报酬:(direct financial payment)间接经济报酬:(indirect payments)职位评价:(job evaluation)报酬要素:(compensable factores)杠杆职位:(benchmark jobs)职位排序:(ranking method)职位分类法:(job classification or job grading)职级:(classes)职等:(grades)职位等级定义:(grade definition)计点法:(point method)市场竞争性薪酬系统:(market-competitive pay system)薪酬政策线:(wage curves)薪酬调查:(salary survey)薪酬等级:(pay ranges)比较比率:(compa ratios)胜任素质薪酬:(competency-based pay)宽带薪酬:(broad banding)可比价值:(comparable worth)12.绩效薪酬和经济性奖励经济类奖励:(financial incentives )生产率:(productivity)日公平工作标准:(fair day’s work)科学管理运动:(scientific management movement)可变薪酬:(variable pay)期望:(expectancy)关联性:(instrumentality)效价:（Valance)行为修正:(behavior modification)简单计件工资:(straight piecework)标准工时计划:(standard hour plan)绩效加薪:(merit pay or merit raise)年终奖:(annual bonus)股票期权:(stock option)团体或群体奖励计划:(team or group incentive plans)组织绩效奖励计划:(organization-wide incentive plans)利润分享计划:(profit-sharing plans)收益分享计划:(gainsharing plan)收入风险型薪酬计划:(earnings-at-risk pay plans)员工持股计划:(employee stock owership plan)广泛股票期权计划:(broad-based stock option plans) 13.福利与服务福利:(benefits)失业保险:(unemployment insurance)补充性薪酬型福利:(supple-mental pay benefits)病假:(sick leave)遣散费:(severance pay)补充性失业福利:(supplemental unemployment benefits)工伤保险:(worker’s compensation)健康维护组织:(health maintenance organization)自选医疗服务组织:(preferred provider organization)团体人寿保险:(group life insurance)社会保障:(social security)养老金计划:(pension plans)固定收益制计划:(defined benefit plans)固定缴费制计划:(defined contribution plans)可转移性:(portability)储蓄节约计划:(savings and thrift plan)延期利润分享计划:(deferred profit-sharing plan)员工持股计划:(employee stock ownership plan)现金金额养老金计划:(cash balance plans)养老金担保公司:(pension benefits guarantee corporation)提前退休窗口:(early-retirement window)员工援助计划:(employee assistance program)弹性福利计划:(flexible benefits plan)自助餐式福利计划:(cafeteria benefits plan)弹性工作时间:(flextime)压缩工作周:(compressed workweek)职位分享:(job sharing)工作分享:(work sharing)14.伦理道德、员工关系管理伦理道德:(ethics)程序公平:(procedural justice)分配公平:(distributive justice)社会责任:(social responsibility)网络欺凌:(cyberbullying)组织文化:(organizational culture)非惩罚性惩戒:(ninpunitive discipline)解雇:(dismissal)员工关系:(employee relations)建议团队:(suggestion teams)问题解决团队:(problem-solving teams)质量圈:(quality circle)自我管理:(self-managing)15.劳资关系与集体谈判封闭型企业:(closed shop)工会制企业:(union shop)工会代理制企业:(agency shop)工会会员优先企业:(preferential shop)会员资格保持型企业:(maintenance of membership arrangement)工作权利:(right to work)工会渗透:(union salting)授权卡:(authorization cards)谈判单位:(bargaining unit)代表取消:(decertification)集体谈判:(collective bargaining)有诚意谈判:(good faith bargaining)自愿性谈判主题:(voluntary or permissible bargaining items)非法谈判主题:(illegal bargaining items)强制性谈判主题:(mandatory bargaining items)僵持:(impasses)调解:(mediation)实情调查员:(factfinder)仲裁:(arbitration)利益仲裁:(interest arbitration)权利仲裁:(rights arbitration)经济罢工:(economic strike)同情罢工:(sympathy strike)野猫罢工:(wildcat strike)反不当劳资关系行为罢工:(unfair labor practice strikes)设置纠察:(picketing)联合施压运动:(corporate campaign)联合抵制:(boycott)内部游戏:(inside games)闭厂:(lockout)禁令:(injunction)争议处理程序:(grievance procedure)16.员工安全与健康职业病:(occupational illness)传讯:(citation)不安全工作条件:(unsafe conditions)工作伤害分析:(job hazard ananlysis)运行安全审查:(operational safety reviews)行为安全教育:(behavior-based safety)安全意识项目:(safety awareness)工作倦怠:(burnout)自然安全:(natural security)机械安全:(mechanical security)组织安全:(organizational security)17.全球化人力资源管理国际人力资源管理:(international human resource management)工人理事会:(works councils)外派员工:(expatriates)母国公民:(home-country nations)第三国公民:(third-country nations)虚拟团队:(virtual team)民族中心主义:(ethnocentric)多国中心主义:(polycentric)全球中心主义:(geocentric)适应性甄选:(adaptability scerrning)国外服务补贴:(foreign service premium)艰苦补贴:(hardship allowances)迁移补贴:(mobility premiums)。

管理学常用英文单词

管理学常用英文单词

Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视action research 动作研究adjourning 解散adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表BCG matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary—spanning roles 跨超边界作用CComputer—aided design and computer—automated manufacturing(CAD/CAM）计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者chaos theory 混沌理论charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性centraliazation 集权化charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权democracy management 民主管理departmentalization 部门化differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略decision premise 决策前提dual—core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data—processing（EDP）电子数据处理employee—oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权encoding 解码end—user computing 终端用户计算系统entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构flexible budget 弹性预算force—field theory 场力理论formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者general manager 总经理globalization 全球化gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构HHawthorne effect 霍桑效应heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触high—velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理Iincome statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬inventory 库存，存货internal integration 内部整合interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业务区key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产lateral communication 横向沟通leadership style 领导风格least preferred co—worker(LPC）最不喜欢的同事legitimate power 合法权力liability 负债liaison 联络者line authority 直线职权liquidity 流动性liaison role 联络员角色long—linked technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失low—cost leadership 低成本领先Mmanagement by objective 目标管理Managerial Grid 管理方格matrix bosses 矩阵主管management champion 管理倡导者materials—requirements planning（MRP）物料需求计划Mslow,s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观multiculturalism 文化多元主义multidivisional firm 多部门公司moral rules 道德准则management by walking around（MBWA）走动式管理matrix structure 矩阵结构multinational enterprise（MNE）跨国公司moral relativism 道德相对主义mechanistic system 机械式组织middle—of-the—road management 中庸式管理meso theory 常态理论multidomestic strategy 多国化战略mediating technology 调停技术Nnaïve relativism 朴素相对主义need—achievement 成就需要norming 规范化norms 规范nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策nonsubstitutability 非替代性nonroutine technology 非例行技术niche 领地Ooff—the—job training 脱产培训on—the—job training 在职培训operational budget 运营预算order backlog 订单储备organic system 有机系统organizational development（OD）组织发展orientation 定位outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性outplacement services 外延服务organization ecosystem 组织生态系统Pparadox of authority 权威的矛盾paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾paradox of identify 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾paradox of regression 回归的矛盾partial productivity 部分生产率participative management 参与式管理path—goal model 路径目标模型peer recruiter 同级招聘political action committees(PACs）政治活动委员会polycentric manager 多中心管理者portfolio framework 业务组合框架portfolio investment 资产组合投资positive reinforcement 正强化production flexibility 生产柔性profitability 收益率programmed decisions 程序化决策psychoanalytic view 精神分析法paradigm 范式personal ratios 人员比例pooled dependence 集合性依存professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构problem identification 问题识别problemistic search 问题搜寻population ecology model 种群生态模型Qquality 质量quality circle 质量圈question mark 问题类市场quid pro quo 交换物Rrational model of decision making 理性决策模式realistic job preview（RJP）实际工作预览reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性resource dependence 资源依赖理论routine technology 例行技术retention 保留rational approach 理性方法rational model 理性模型rational—legal authority 理性—合法权威Ssemivariable cost 准可变成本sense of potency 力量感sensitivity training 敏感性训练sexual harassment 性骚扰short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain 单向传言链situational approach 情境方法situational force 情境力量situational leadership theory 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算small-batch production 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法span of management 管理幅度staff authority 参谋职权standing plan 长设计划step budget 分步预算stewardship principle 管家原则stimulus 刺激storming 调整阶段strategic management 战略管理strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系strategy formulation 战略制定strategy implementation 战略实施strategic control 战略控制strategic contingencies 战略权变satisficing 满意度subsystems 子系统subunits 子单位synergy 协同system boundary 系统边界structure dimension 结构性维度sequential interdependence 序列性依存self—directed team 自我管理型团队specialist 专门战略strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征Ttall hierarchies 高长型科层结构task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队task independence 任务的内部依赖性task management 任务型管理task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格total productivity 全部生产率Total Quality Management 全面质量管理training positions 挂职培训training program 培训程序transactional leaders 交易型领导transformational leaders 变革型领导treatment discrimination 歧视待遇two-factory theory 双因素理论two—boss employees 双重主管员工technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者Uunfreezing 解冻unit production 单位产品Vvariation 变种子variety 变量valence 效价variable costs 可变成本vertical communication 纵向沟通vertical integration 纵向一体化vestibule training 仿真培训volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage 纵向连接venture team 风险团队value based leadership 基于价值的领导Wwin—lose situation 输赢情境win-win situation 双赢情境workforce literacy 员工的读写能力work in progress 在制品work flow redesign 工作流程再造成work flow automation 工作流程自动化whistle blowing 揭发Zzero-sum 零—-—和zone of indifference（area of acceptance）无差异区域（可接受区域）。

管理用英语怎么说

管理用英语怎么说

管理用英语怎么说管理用英语可以说是Management English，也可以简称为M English。

管理用英语是企业管理中必不可少的一种工具语言，它是一种以英语为基础，结合管理学理论和实践而形成的专业语言。

通过管理用英语的学习和运用可以更好地了解和掌握国际先进管理理念和实践，提高企业的管理水平和竞争力。

在管理用英语中，常见的词汇和术语有：1. Manager：管理者，经理人2. Management：管理，经营3. Leadership：领导力4. Planning：规划5. Organizing：组织6. Staffing：人员配置7. Directing：指导8. Controlling：控制9. Strategy：战略10. Goal：目标11. Vision：愿景12. Mission：使命13. SWOT：优劣势分析14. KPI：关键绩效指标15. ROI：投资回报率16. P&L：利润与损失表17. Budgeting：预算编制18. Performance appraisal：绩效评估19. Decision-making：决策20. Communication：沟通在实际应用中，管理用英语主要涉及以下方面：1. 商务英语：涉及谈判、合同、商务信函等各种商务活动。

2. 人力资源：涉及招聘、培训、绩效评估等人力资源管理相关的方方面面。

3. 财务管理：涉及预算编制、财务报表分析、投资决策等财务方面的管理和决策。

4. 项目管理：涉及项目计划、项目实施、项目评估等项目管理方面的知识和技能。

5. 战略管理：涉及企业战略规划、市场营销计划、竞争战略等战略管理方面的知识和技能。

在学习和运用管理用英语时，需要注意以下几点：1. 建立基础知识：要全面掌握管理学理论，了解企业管理的各个方面，掌握基本的商务英语和财务知识。

2. 关注实践案例：学习时要结合实际案例，了解一些企业在具体管理实践中所用到的工具和技术。

SMART原则其实是五个英文字母的开头

SMART原则其实是五个英文字母的开头

SMART原则其实是五个英文字母的开头，分别是：（S=Specific、M=Measurable、A=Attainable、R=Realistic、T=Time-based）1. 绩效指标必须是具体的（Specific）2. 绩效指标必须是可以衡量的（Measurable）3. 绩效指标必须是可以达到的（Attainable）4. 绩效指标是实实在在的，可以证明和观察(Realistic)5.绩效指标必须具有明确的截止期限（Time-based）这是目标管理的概念之一，非常有用啊！另外再配合上时间管理，是我高效工作的源泉和利器呢，希望对你有用哦，更具体的信息你也可更深入做查询和了解。

SMART原则SMART原则简介目标管理是使经理的工作变被动为主动的一个很好的手段，实施目标管理不但是有利于员工更加明确高效地工作，更是为未来的绩效考核制定了目标和考核标准，使考核更加科学化、规范化，更能保证考核的公开、公平与公正。

毕竟，没有目标你是无法考核员工的。

目标管理由管理学大师Peter Drucker提出，首先出现于他的著作《管理实践》（The Practice of Management）一书中，该书于1954年出版。

根据Drucker的说法，管理人员一定要避免“活动陷阱”（Activity Trap），不能只顾低头拉车，而不抬头看路，最终忘了自己的主要目标。

MBO 的一个重要概念是企业战略规划不能仅由几个高管来执行，所有管理人员都应该参与进来，这将更有利于战略的执行。

另一个相关概念是，企业要设计一个完整的绩效系统，它将帮助企业实现高效运作。

由此，可以将目标管理视为Value Based Management（价值管理）的前身。

制定目标看似一件简单的事情，每个人都有过制定目标的经历，但是如果上升到技术的层面，经理必须学习并掌握SMART原则。

所谓SMART原则，即：1. 目标必须是具体的（Specific）2. 目标必须是可以衡量的（Measurable）3. 目标必须是可以达到的（Attainable）4. 目标必须和其他目标具有相关性（Relevant）5. 目标必须具有明确的截止期限（Time-based）无论是制定团队的工作目标还是员工的绩效目标都必须符合上述原则，五个原则缺一不可。

市值管理 英语

市值管理 英语

市值管理英语Title: Market Capitalization ManagementMarket capitalization management, often referred to as market cap management, is a crucial aspect of financial management for companies across various industries. It involves strategic decisions and actions aimed at optimizing the company's market value relative to its peers and competitors. Effective market capitalization management requires a comprehensive understanding of market dynamics, investor sentiments, and industry trends.One key strategy in market cap management is maintaining a competitive position relative to peers. Companies strive to achieve and sustain a market capitalization that is at least on par with, if not higher than, similar companies in the industry. This involves continuously monitoring the marketperformance of competitors and adjusting strategies accordingly to maintain or enhance market share.Another important aspect of market cap management is capital structure optimization. Companies must strike a balance between debt and equity financing to optimize their market capitalization. By managing debt levels and leveraging equity effectively, companies can enhance their market value and attractiveness to investors. This often involves evaluating the cost of capital, debt capacity, and investor preferences to determine the optimal capital structure.Additionally, market capitalization management entails proactive investor relations and communication. Companies must engage with investors regularly to provide updates on financial performance, strategic initiatives, and growth prospects. Transparent and effective communication with investors can help build trust and confidence, which canpositively impact market perception and ultimately drive market capitalization higher.Furthermore, mergers, acquisitions, and strategic partnerships play a significant role in market cap management. Strategic transactions can have a profound impact on a company's market value, either through synergies, increased market share, or enhanced competitiveness. However, it is essential to execute such transactions strategically and ensure they align with the company's long-term growth objectives to maximize shareholder value.Moreover, innovation and adaptation to changing market dynamics are critical for effective market capitalization management. Companies must continuously innovate and evolveto stay ahead of the competition and capture new growth opportunities. This may involve investing in research and development, exploring new markets, or diversifying product offerings to enhance market value and sustain growth.In conclusion, market capitalization management is a multifaceted process that requires strategic foresight, financial acumen, and proactive engagement with stakeholders. By implementing sound strategies for maintaining competitiveness, optimizing capital structure, fostering investor relations, pursuing strategic transactions, and fostering innovation, companies can effectively manage their market capitalization and create long-term value for shareholders.。

价值主张的英语

价值主张的英语

价值主张的英语The value proposition is a crucial part of any business strategy. It is a statement that outlines why a customer should buy a product or service from a particular company. In other words, it explains the unique value that the company offers to its customers and how it differentiates itself from competitors.There are several key elements to consider when crafting a value proposition. First and foremost, it is important to understand the needs and wants of the target audience. This requires market research to identify the pain points and challenges that customers are facing. By understanding these needs, a company can tailor its value proposition to address them directly.Another important aspect of a value proposition is the differentiation factor. This is what sets a company apart from its competitors and makes it unique in the marketplace. Whether it is through superior product quality, innovative technology, exceptional customer service, or competitive pricing, there must be something that makes the company stand out.Furthermore, the value proposition should be clear and concise. It should quickly and effectively communicate thebenefits of the product or service and why it is the best choice for customers. This means avoiding jargon or technical language that may confuse or alienate potential customers.In addition, the value proposition should be consistent across all marketing channels. Whether it is displayed on a website, in a brochure, or in a sales pitch, the messaging should be unified and aligned with the company's overall brand identity.Lastly, the value proposition should be customer-focused. It should demonstrate how the product or service will improve the customer's life, solve their problems, or fulfill their desires. By highlighting the benefits and outcomes for the customer, the value proposition becomes more compelling and persuasive.In conclusion, a strong value proposition is essential for a company to succeed in today's competitive marketplace. By understanding the needs of the target audience, differentiating from competitors, communicating clearly and consistently, and focusing on the customer, a company can create a compelling value proposition that resonates with customers and drives business growth.。

价值导向英语

价值导向英语

价值导向英语Values are the beliefs, principles, and ideals that guide our behavior and decision-making. They shape our attitudes, goals, and actions, and ultimately influence the way we live our lives. In terms of English language learning, having a values-driven approach means considering the ethical and moral aspects of language use and communication.Value-oriented English language learning promotes respectful and inclusive communication. It emphasizes the importance of empathy, understanding, and cultural sensitivity. It encourages learners to use language in a way that fosters dialogue, mutual respect, and collaboration. This approach values diversity and recognizes the importance of promoting equal rights and opportunities for all individuals.Value-driven English language learning also carries a responsibility to use language for positive societal change. It recognizes that language is a powerful tool that can be used to challenge social injustices, discrimination, and stereotypes. Learners are encouraged to develop critical thinking skills and to question and challenge the status quo.Furthermore, a value-oriented approach promotes lifelong learning and personal growth. It encourages learners to take ownership of their learning and to develop a growth mindset. Learners are encouraged to set personal goals, embrace challenges, and persevere in the face of difficulties. This approach values continuous improvement and self-reflection.In summary, a value-oriented approach to English language learning promotes respectful and inclusive communication, challenges social injustices, and encourages personal growth. It recognizes the importance of using language in a way that aligns with ethical and moral principles, ultimately aiming to create a more just and equitable society.。

管理类英文书籍

管理类英文书籍

管理类英文书籍以下是一些经典的管理类英文书籍：1. "The Lean Startup" by Eric Ries - 该书介绍了如何通过基于实验和反馈循环的方法，快速创立和发展一个创业公司。

2. "Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap...And Others Don't" by Jim Collins - 作者在这本书中对一些成功公司进行了研究，揭示了这些公司为什么能够成为杰出的企业。

3. "The Innovator's Dilemma" by Clayton M. Christensen - 这本书探讨了为什么许多成功的企业在面对技术变革时难以适应，并提出了如何克服这种困境的解决方案。

4. "The One Minute Manager" by Kenneth Blanchard and Spencer Johnson - 这本书提供了简单而实用的领导和管理技巧，帮助管理者有效地与员工合作和激励他们。

5. "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu - 尽管这本书是古代军事战略的经典之作，但其中的战略原则和管理理念在现代商业领域同样适用。

6. "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People" by Stephen R. Covey - 这本书介绍了七种高效人士的习惯，帮助读者培养更有效的个人和职业习惯。

7. "Outliers: The Story of Success" by Malcolm Gladwell - 作者在这本书中研究了成功背后的原因，并解释了为什么一些人比其他人更成功。

8. "First, Break All the Rules: What the World's Greatest Managers Do Differently" by Marcus Buckingham and Curt Coffman - 该书提供了一些新颖的管理理念和方法，帮助管理者更好地发挥他们的潜力。

SMART原则其实是五个英文字母的开头

SMART原则其实是五个英文字母的开头

SMART原则其实是五个英文字母的开头，分别是：（S=Specific、M=Measurable、A=Attainable、R=Realistic、T=Time-based）1. 绩效指标必须是具体的（Specific）2. 绩效指标必须是可以衡量的（Measurable）3. 绩效指标必须是可以达到的（Attainable）4. 绩效指标是实实在在的，可以证明和观察(Realistic)5.绩效指标必须具有明确的截止期限（Time-based）这是目标管理的概念之一，非常有用啊！另外再配合上时间管理，是我高效工作的源泉和利器呢，希望对你有用哦，更具体的信息你也可更深入做查询和了解。

SMART原则SMART原则简介目标管理是使经理的工作变被动为主动的一个很好的手段，实施目标管理不但是有利于员工更加明确高效地工作，更是为未来的绩效考核制定了目标和考核标准，使考核更加科学化、规范化，更能保证考核的公开、公平与公正。

毕竟，没有目标你是无法考核员工的。

目标管理由管理学大师Peter Drucker提出，首先出现于他的著作《管理实践》（The Practice of Management）一书中，该书于1954年出版。

根据Drucker的说法，管理人员一定要避免“活动陷阱”（Activity Trap），不能只顾低头拉车，而不抬头看路，最终忘了自己的主要目标。

MBO 的一个重要概念是企业战略规划不能仅由几个高管来执行，所有管理人员都应该参与进来，这将更有利于战略的执行。

另一个相关概念是，企业要设计一个完整的绩效系统，它将帮助企业实现高效运作。

由此，可以将目标管理视为Value Based Management（价值管理）的前身。

制定目标看似一件简单的事情，每个人都有过制定目标的经历，但是如果上升到技术的层面，经理必须学习并掌握SMART原则。

所谓SMART原则，即：1. 目标必须是具体的（Specific）2. 目标必须是可以衡量的（Measurable）3. 目标必须是可以达到的（Attainable）4. 目标必须和其他目标具有相关性（Relevant）5. 目标必须具有明确的截止期限（Time-based）无论是制定团队的工作目标还是员工的绩效目标都必须符合上述原则，五个原则缺一不可。

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©Focused Management Information Inc. August 1999 (Rev 4)
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Benefits of VBM
• Focus the efforts of people in the organization on driving to achieve what‟s important in a h Problem(s)
Shareholders want bigger returns
We are losing business to competitors on price and on performance
Customer expect high quality at low price We are not „easy to do business with‟ We don‟t pay enough attention to our „important‟ customers Today‟s structure does not support the segmentation strategy Financial information gets attention, but it isn‟t enough Our employees understand the need to change, but they don‟t Customers want a single problem owner We are not able to adapt quickly to new business opportunities
Value Based Management
• • • • Drive value for key stakeholders Focus your business on what counts - relentlessly Facilitate deployment of strategy and management philosophy Establish accountability at all levels
There are many complex and inter-related concerns. The combination is killing us!
©Focused Management Information Inc. August 1999 (Rev 4)
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Why VBM? - Because organizations have to change constantly in order to meet expectations
Paul A. Sharman, President Focused Management Information Inc.
©Focused Management Information Inc. August 1999 (Rev 4)
1
Agenda
What should you do next?
– – – – – – – satisfied customers correctly assigned resources growing profits / SVA/ CFROI, etc. streamlined processes that deliver business facts to manage the business motivated and accountable people waste eliminated
• • • • • Superior executive performance is defined by delivery of value - to investors, customers, employees and others who have material influence Growth in market value is a key to executive survival and the winning organization Executives need new skills, new tools and a responsive organization to deliver value Possession of facts is critical when making high risk decisions Information Portals provide consistent communication to employees and other stakeholders
Introduction / Why and What Is Value Based Management
©Focused Management Information Inc. August 1999 (Rev 4)
How do you implement Value Based Management?
The bottom line: VBM = Performance
©Focused Management Information Inc. August 1999 (Rev 4)
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What is VBM?
Value-based management (VBM)
A discipline that focuses on the management of the organization holistically Emphasizes the creation of value as defined by its stakeholders and priorities defined by management Focuses on the deployment of strategy and value creation by managing processes, activities, jobs, compensation and organization structure
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