比较状语从句+让步状语从句+方式状语从句
状语从句
状语从句
7. 比较状语从句 比较状语从句表示某一动作或状态和另 一动作或状态在数量、性质或程度上的 比较,常用的连词有:as … as(和……一 样),not so … as(不如 …… ),than (比),the(more)…,the(more)… (越……越……)。
状语从句
[注 ] 比较状语中的名词或动词和主句中 注 的名词或动词完全一样时,为了避免重 复,常用one, that, those和do这类词来 代替重复的名词或动词,其中one只能用 来代替可数名词,其复数形式是ones; that可用来代替可数名词或不可数名词, 用作可数时其复数形式是those;do可以 代替整个谓语,也可以只代替谓语动词, 后面还可以有宾语。
状语从句
9. 让步状语从句 让步状语从句是一种表示退一步来讲的状语从 句,常用的连词有: although(= though)(虽然)as(尽管,虽 然)even if(= even though)(即使) however(= no matter how)(无论如何) whatever(= no matter what)(无论什么) whoever ( = no matter who ) ( 无 论 谁 ) whichever(= no matter which)(无论哪个) wherever(= no matter where)(无论何处) whenever(= no matter when)(无论何时)
状语从句
8. 方式状语从句 方式状语从句表示某一动作或状态发生时的行 为方式或状况,常用的连词有:as(如同,就 像),as if(as though)(似乎,好像), just as(正如,就像)。 [注 1] as通常表示真实的情况,而as if 和as 注 though则指非真实情况或假设性较大的情况。 [注2] according as, in proportion as(按照……) 注 所引起的从句,也叫方式状语从句。 so far as(就……说)所引起的从句,也可以看 作是方式的程度状语从句。
状语从句归纳整理
B 2. If you ________this experiment, you
will understand the theory better.
A. will be doing C. will have done B. have done D. would do
3. The volleyball match will be put off if it ________. B
状语从句一般分为九大类 状语从句类别: 时间状语从句 原因状语从句 结果状语从句 方式状语从句 让步状语从句 地点状语从句 目的状语从句 条件状语从句 比较状语从句
1.时间状语从句:
引导时间状语从句的连词有:
when, while, as, the moment, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as 等。
as: 当;一边…一边;随着 As the day went on, the weather got worse.
She sang as she worked.
• 1. It wasn’t until nearly a month later I received the manager’s reply. • A. since B. when C. as D. that
引导目的状语从句的主要连词 有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest
(So) that --- 以便, 从句中常常使 用一些情态动词,如:can, could, may, might, should等
Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more 除非=if not
初中英语知识点总结让步和比较状语从句初中英语状语从句讲解
4、whether...or...表示“不论是否……”,“不管是……还是……”之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如:
1、though, although表示“虽然,纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though较常使用,although比though正式,二者都可与yet, still或never,the less连用,但不能与but连用。例如:
Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了,身体还很健壮。
值得注意的是,although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。
2、as,though表示“虽然……但是”,“纵使……”之意。as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形,though也可用于这样的结构中,但although不可以这样用。例如:
内容仅供参考
但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如:Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won’t believe you. (Whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。
I"ll eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么,我就吃什么。
状语从句类型及相似连词的用法区别
状语从句类型及相似连词的用法区别一、状语从句分类及常用连词:类别连词时间状语从句when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as soon as,etc. 地点状语从句where,wherever原因状语从句because, since, as, for, now that, etc.目的状语从句in order that, so that, that, etc.结果状语从句so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc.条件状语从句if, unless, as(so)long as, etc.让步状语从句though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as,etc.比较状语从句as…as, so…as, than, etc.方式状语从句as, as if, as though, etc.二、相似连词的用法区别1.when, while, as,while表时间,从句需用延续性动词,切不可用瞬间动词。
when表时间,从句既可以用延续性动词,又可以用瞬间动词。
as表时间,与when相似,但侧重强调主从句动作同点或同段进行。
when, while后可以接分词短语。
2.because, as, since, for语气位置意义because最强前或后“原因”;表客观因果关系;回答“” as较强前“由于”;把众人所知的事实当作理由since较弱前“既然”;就对方陈述的事实作为理由for最弱后“理由”;对某一事实进行推断的理由注:上面所说的“前”,指从句在主句之前;“后”,指从句在主句之后。
3.so that, so…that, such…thatso that“以便”、“结果”表目的和结果。
注意:在从句中有情态动词表目的。
无情态动词表结果。
高考英语语法复习:八种状语从句的用法
高考英语语法复习:八种状语从句的用法状语从句状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、结果、条件、让步等八种。
一、时间状语从句:引导词有after,before,as,once,since,till,until,when,whenever,while,as soon as,the moment/minute…(一…就),the time,the day,every time,next time,each time,by the time of,no sooner…than(一…就),hardly…when(一…就).例如:Each/Every time he comes here,he will drop in on me.每次他来这儿他都顺便看我.He was ill last time I saw him.上次我见到他时他病了.No sooner had she heard the news than she cried.她一听到这个消息就哭了.[辨析]when与whilewhen引导的从句动词可以是延续性的或短暂性的,while引导的从句中动词必须是延续性的;在“be…when…”句式中when表“at that time(就在这时)”意,这样用的when不能换为while;while有时并不表示时间,而表示对比,意“而”、“却”,when无这样的用法。
例如:When I got home I found the door locked./While(或When)we were working in the fields,it suddenly began to rain./He was wandering through the streets when a bike hit him./His pencil is red,while mine is yellow.[辨析]till与until一般情况下可以互换,但until可以位于句首,till则不能。
状语从句的类型
状语从句的类型状语从句是复合句的一种,用来修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词等,并表示时间、条件、原因、目的、方式等关系。
状语从句根据其引导词的种类和意义的不同,可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句等多种类型。
一、时间状语从句时间状语从句用来表示动作发生的时间或顺序关系。
常见的引导词包括when、while、as、before、after、since、until等。
例如:1. 我听到他进门的声音时,我已经睡着了。
When I heard him come in, I had fallen asleep.2. 老师正在讲课的时候,请不要打扰他。
Please don't disturb him while the teacher is giving a lecture.二、条件状语从句条件状语从句用来表示条件、假设或可能性。
常见的引导词有if、unless、whether等。
例如:1. 如果你明天有时间,我们可以一起去购物。
If you have time tomorrow, we can go shopping together.2. 除非你帮助我,否则我无法完成这个任务。
I can't complete this task unless you help me.三、原因状语从句原因状语从句用来表示某个动作或情况发生的原因。
常见的引导词有because、since、as等。
例如:1. 由于天气不好,我们决定取消郊游计划。
We decided to cancel the outing because of the bad weather.2. 他没来参加聚会,因为他生病了。
He didn't come to the party because he was sick.四、目的状语从句目的状语从句用来表达主句中的动作或目的。
状语从句在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。有的状语
名词(这时他们是介词):
She waited a little while before making up her mind. 她等一会儿才做出决定。
After sending you that letter I recollected how stupid I was. 把信寄给你之后我想起我多么愚蠢。
其中的一个。
(4) for 也常引导表示原因的分句,但 for是并列连词,因此不能用于句首;for 提供的理由是一种补充性的说明,且 for 前常有逗号:
The days are short, for it is now December. 白天短了,因为已是12月了。 (四) 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词:in order that, so that(为了);for fear that, in case, lest(以免)等。
作相并发生,常可译作“一边……一边”:
When he returned, his wife was cooking. 他回来时,他妻子在烧饭。
While he was reading(或read), his wife was cooking(或cooked). 他看书时,他妻子一直烧饭。
As he was reading(或read), he was listening(或listened) to the radio. 他边看书边听广播。
1、 because, since, as 都可表示“因为”。
(1) because 表示原因的语气最强, 通常回答以疑问词why 引导的问句,除 特别强调外,该从句一般位于主句后; since 表示稍加分析后而推断出来的原 因,比as 正式;as 表示对方已知道的原 因。since 和 as 不回答why 引导的疑问 句,而且其从句一般放在句首:
状语从句-让步与比较(A)
believe you. ► Whoever (=No matter who) you are, you must
pay the bill.
比较状语从句
比较状语从句常用than, so/as...as, the more...the more等引导。
► The film was not so/as good as I had expected. ► The busier he is, the happier he feels.
巩固与测试
► We had to wait half an hour____ we have already booked a table.
► Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ____ they knew it to be valuable.
让步状语从句
①although/though, even if/though, 前者可互换,都可 与yet, still连用,但不能与but连用。While表让步,置 句首。
► He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.
► Even though/if it is raining, we’ll go there. ► While I accept that he is not perfect, I do
状语从句
张浙北
状语从句
1 时间状语从句 2 地点状语从句和原因状语从句 3 目的状语从句和结果状语从句 4 条件状语从句和方式状语从句 5 让步状语从句和比较状语从句
原因,比较,条件,目的,让步状语从句
as 表示虽然的时候,要进行倒装;
Child as/though he is , he can live by himself.
eg:Although/though she works very hard ,she makes very little progress.
Hard as she works, she makes very little progress.
As long as it doesn't rain, we can play.
You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat.
Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won't allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key.
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
now that :既然;
in that :因为,通常只能放在句中,强调重要的,唯一的的原因;
高中英语语法:状语从句知识点
高中英语语法:状语从句知识点状语从句(adverbial clause)在句中作状语,可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。
状语从句由从属连词引导。
状语从句可放在句首或句末。
放在句首时,从句后面常用逗号;放在句末时,从句前面往往不用逗号。
状语从句根据它们的含义分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步、条件、比较等九种。
一、时间状语从句1、while, when, whenever和as的用法比较(1)while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。
它不能表示一时性或短暂的动作。
Don't talk so loud while( as) others are working.别人工作时,请勿大声说话。
(2)when引导的时间状语从句,可指时间的一点,也可以指一段时间,从句的谓语动词可用终止性动词,也可用持续性动词。
when引导的从句表示的具体的时间,从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时,也可以先于主句的动作。
Whenever指任何一个不具体的时间。
It was raining when we arrived. 我们到达时,天正下着雨。
(动作同时,指时间点)When you read the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.当你再读一遍这首诗,你就更清晰它的含意。
(动作有先后,指时间点,不能用while)Come whenever you like. 你爱什么时候来就什么时候来。
(3)as用as时主句和从句的动作往往同时发生,具有延伸意义,一般同延续性动词连用,有时可译作“一边…一边…”。
As time went on, his theory proved to be correct.随着时间的推移,他的理论被证明是正确的。
As(when)he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.他讲话结束的时候,听众掌声雷动。
(完整版)比较、让步、地点状语从句讲解和练习(答案)
比较状语从句通常由as…as, 比较级+ than…等连词引导。
句型:1、A+ be +as + 原级+ B2、A+ be +比较级+ than + B例如:This classroom is as big as that one. This classroom is not as big as that one.This classroom is bigger than that one. This classroom is not bigger than that one. 小试牛刀:There are ___ many league members in class 2 ___ in Class 4.Suzhou is not (beautiful)____ Hangzhou.Iron is (useful)any other metal.●让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。
例如:Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2)注意体会汉语和英语某些地方的不同,在英语中的although和but不能同时使用,但可以与yet连用。
例如:Although he is a foreigner ,he likes China very much.He is a foreigner, but he likes China very much.(3)in spite of +名词或动名词,表示“尽管”例如:Although I was tired, I couldn’t fall asleep.. 尽管很累,但是我睡不着。
=In spite of being tired, I couldn’t fall asleep.小试牛刀:1. Although it was raining, still worked in the fields.A. but theyB. and theyC. theyD. and yet they2. ___ there were only five soldiers left at the front, ___ they went on fighting.A. Because; soB. If; andC. Though; butD. Though; /3. ___ she is very old, ___ she can still work eight hours a day.A. Because; soB. Though; butC. As; yetD. Though; yet4. being poor, he often gives some money to the poor.A. BecauseB. ThoughC. AsD. In spite of●地点状语从句(1)地点状语从句常常由where来引导。
完整版)状语从句(9种全)
完整版)状语从句(9种全)状语从句在复合句中起到修饰主句的作用,分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等种类。
1.时间状语从句时间状语从句的连接词包括when。
as。
while。
after。
before。
since。
ever since。
as soon as。
once。
till。
until。
whenever。
no sooner…than。
hardly/scarcely。
when。
the moment/minute/instant/second。
every time。
each time。
any time。
the first time。
next time。
last time。
all the time。
by the time。
directly。
immediately。
instantly等。
例如,“一···就···”的句型可以用as soon as或once引导,其中as soon as侧重时间或动作先后衔接紧,而once侧重条件,表示“一旦。
”;on doing sth/on one's + n.作时间状语,例如On arriving at the n。
the thief was arrested.意为“一到达车站,这个小偷就被逮捕了。
”2.地点状语从句地点状语从句的连接词包括where。
wherever。
anywhere。
everywhere等。
例如,I'll go wherever you go.意为“你去哪儿,我就跟你去哪儿。
”3.原因状语从句原因状语从句的连接词包括because。
since。
as。
now that。
seeing that。
considering that等。
例如,Since it's raining。
we'll stay indoors.意为“因为下雨,我们将待在室内。
英语状语从句的九种类型
英语状语从句的九种类型状语从句是英语语法中一个非常重要的部分。
它可以用来修饰主句的动词,形容词,副词等,从而使句子更加完整,更加准确。
在状语从句中,最常见的就是状语从句。
状语从句可以分为九种类型,分别是时间状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,目的状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,方式状语从句,比较状语从句和地点状语从句。
下面我们将对这九种类型进行详细的介绍。
一、时间状语从句时间状语从句用来表示主句中所描述的动作发生的时间,包括过去、现在和将来。
时间状语从句通常由时间连词引导,如when、while、as soon as、before、after、since、until、till等等。
例如:I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.(我到北京后会立即给你打电话。
)He had finished his homework before he went to bed.(他睡觉前已经完成了作业。
)二、条件状语从句条件状语从句用来表示主句中的动作发生的条件或假设。
条件状语从句通常由if、unless、provided that、in case等引导。
例如: If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们会呆在家里。
)Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exam.(除非你努力学习,否则你不会通过考试。
)三、原因状语从句原因状语从句用来表示主句中的动作发生的原因。
原因状语从句通常由because、since等引导。
例如:He didn't come to the party because he was sick.(他因为生病没有来参加聚会。
)Since it's raining outside, we can't go for a walk.(因为外面下雨,我们不能去散步。
状语从句的种类
状语从句的种类1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.目的状语从句6.让步状语从句7.比较状语从句8.方式状语从句9.结果状语从句状语从句的时态特点:一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。
例如:1)I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。
(这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive)2)As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作,就回家。
(从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished,表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished)3)If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了,请通知我。
(从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时,绝不可用will come back)状语从句讲解和练习状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。
例如:1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .(原因状语从句)状语的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首、句末或句中。
考研英语:比较状语从句和让步状语从句
考研英语:比较状语从句和让步状语从句在考研英语基础夯实阶段,各个语法都要有所了解并要能在具体句子中分析出语法结构。
复习英语要有所规律,首先要提纲挈领,从整体上进行把握;进而再步步为营,从真题中熟悉知识。
比较状语从句比较状语从句是状语从句的一种,主要运用于形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的句子之中,与概念相契合,是各类有关比较的句子。
把这一从句理解为副词,不用来修饰动词,而是修饰as/so/less/more等副词或者比较级,比如stronger/taller等。
引导比较状语从句的连词主要有as和than,其他词汇手段与其结合形成了各种不同比较。
同级的比较--as...as;不同级的比较--not so/as...as;差级或高级的比较--than;比较关系的状语从句,常用the+比较级…, the+比较级…结构。
此类从句有些成分经常避免和主句的表达发生重复,所以常有省略,看起来结构不太完整。
下面我们就举几个简单的例子对其用法进行阐释。
He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep. 他醒来得和入睡一样突然。
第一个as是副词,意思是同样地,后一个as是连词。
The task is not so easy as it sounds.so是副词如此地,修饰形容词easy,as是连词,引导比较状语从句,这件工作的难易程度与其听起来做比较。
这件工作不像它听起来那么简单,言外之意,这件工作实际做起来比听起来要难。
These proposals sought to place greater restriction on the use and copying of digital information than existed in traditional media.greater这一以er结尾的形容词是比较级,比较的对象是就传统媒体对于数字信息的使用复制的限制说明的,能够推理出来现代媒体对于数字信息的使用复制的限制更加严格。
状语从句的9种形式
状语从句的9种形式状语从句是一种在句子中作状语的从句,它有9种形式:时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、结果、比较和目的。
一、时间状语从句时间状语从句用来表示句子发生的时间,一般要用when或while引导:When I was a child, I used to play with my friends every day. 我小时候每天都和朋友玩耍。
While I was studying in the library, someone stole my bag. 我在图书馆学习时,有人偷了我的书包。
注意:在某些情况下,when和while可以互换使用,但不能混用。
二、地点状语从句地点状语从句表示句子发生的地点,一般要用where 引导:Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
He lives where he works. 他住在他工作的地方。
三、原因状语从句原因状语从句表示句子发生的原因,一般要用why或because引导:Why she is late? 她为什么迟到?Because it was raining heavily, I couldn't get to school on time. 因为下着大雨,我上不了学。
四、条件状语从句条件状语从句表示句子发生的条件,一般要用if或unless引导:If you study hard, you'll pass the exam. 如果你努力学习,你就能通过考试。
Unless you work harder, you won't get better grades. 除非你更努力工作,否则你的分数不会提高。
五、方式状语从句方式状语从句表示句子的发生方式,一般要用as或how引导:As I said before, I'll help you with your project. 就像我之前说的,我会帮助你完成这个项目。
高考英语试题中的状语从句分析
高考英语试题中的状语从句分析每年高考英语试题中包含有很多状语从句,对于状语从句的分析和理解是我们高三总复习的一个重点之一。
英语状语从句分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。
统计近五年的高考英语试题及各地的模拟试题可以看出,每套试题平均有:时间状语从句9个,条件状语从句6个,让步状语从句5个,原因和地点状语从句各3个,目的状语结果状语和比较状语从句各2个。
同时试题的设问程度出现交叉和综合的特点。
四个选项中往往给出尽可能多的不同性质的关联词,如as 可以引导时间、原因、让步三种不同性质的状语从句,while可以引导时间状语从句也可作并列连词使用,相当于but表转则关系,if可以引导条件状语从句和宾语从句,whether可以引导主语从句和宾语从句等等。
干扰项还从定语从句或名词性从句进行干扰。
下面就高考英语试题或高考英语模拟试题中所出现的状语从句进行分析状语从句概述(一时间状语从句1.when, while和as1 when既可引导一个持续动作,也可引导一个短暂动作,可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作,如:When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.When the film ended, the people went back.当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构,而且其主语和主句的主语一致,其表语又是一个名词时,就可以用以as引出的省略句来代替when引出的从句。
如:As a young man (=When he was a young man , he was fond of hunting.2while引导的从句的谓语动词动作必须是持续的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比,同时while引导的从句一般用进行时,如:Please do not talk so loud while others are working. While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place.3 as 引导一个持续性动作,多用于主句和从句动作同时发生,如:He hurried home, looking behind as he went.John sings as he works4 when还可用作并列连词使用,其意义是“那时、这时”,相当于and this/that time. 常用于下列句式:Somebody was doing something when …Somebody was about to /going to do something when…Somebody had just done something when…此外when还表示原因“既然”,如:It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.5 while作为并列连词使用,意为“而,却”,表示对比。
状语从句(9种全)
状语从句在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。
状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等种类。
一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连接词有: when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely...when, themoment/minute/instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the first time, next time, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly等。
1.表示“一···就···”的句型1) as soon as/onceAs soon as he arrives, I'll call you.他一到,我就给你打电话。
(as soon as 侧重时间或动作先后衔接紧,而once侧重条件,表示“一旦...”)2) on doing sth/on one's + n.作时间状语On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.一到达车站,这个小偷就被逮捕了。
On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison. 他一到达巴黎,就被认出是一个贵族,并被投入监狱。
3) no sooner ...than , hardly/scarcely...when它们表“一…就”。
结构中的否定词放在句首时,主句要倒装。
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方式状语从句方式状语从句表示主句中动作或状态的方式或方法,多半是用比喻说明主句内容或原物,是被说明的人、物形象具体化。
常由as,just as,as if,as though等引导。
1.由as(如,像)引导I will do as you told me. 我将会按照你告诉我的那样去做。
The moon has no light of its own as the sun has. 月球不像太阳那样,它本身不发光。
as之前可用just或exactly加强语气。
例如:Most plants need air just as they need water.大部分的植物需要空气,正如它们需要水一样。
as引导的从句谓语句首时,主句常由so引出。
例如:As you treat me, so I shall treat you. 你怎样对待我,我也将怎样对待你。
Just as there are difference forms of matter, so there are different forms of energy.正像有各种形式的物质一样,也有各种形式的能。
as引导的从句的省略形式:从句的主语、谓语有时可以省略:1.省略主语。
无论从句和主句的主语是否一致,从句的主语可以省略。
例如: English is not difficult to learn, as (it )is generally supposed.(主语一致)英语并不像一般人想象的那样难学。
He wrote as(it) follows. (主谓不一致) 他写的如下。
2. 省略谓语或谓语中的表意动词。
例如:The study of science needs time, as any other subjects (does).学科学像学其他学科一样,需要时间。
The electricity does not move through the insulator as it would (move) through a conductor.电不会像导体一样通过这个绝缘体。
3. 主谓全省略。
如:He worked as usual (=···as it was usual). 他像平时那样工作。
2.专有句型“A···to B+ what/ as+ C···to D” (A···对于B好比C···对于D一样);“What C···to D, that A···to B” (C对于D 恰似A 对于B一样)。
例如:Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. 读书之于心灵,犹如锻炼之于身体。
What blood vessel is to a man’s body, that railway is to transportation.铁路对于运输。
好比血脉对于人的身体一样。
3.由as if, as though引导两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。
汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的",例如:They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。
(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。
)He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。
(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。
)注意:从句谓语如果是be动词,则不论从句主语是单、复数,均用were。
例如:It’s all, all covered with blots as if she were crying on the paper.到处,到处都是泪痕,像是她趴在信纸上哭过。
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。
(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。
)as if, as though 引导的从句常用省略形式,往往从句中只剩下介词动词、不定式短语、分词短语或形容词短语。
例如:He opened his lips as if(he was going)to say something.(不定式短语)他张开嘴唇,好像要说什么。
He walked forward as if(as though)making a speech.(分词短语)他向前走了几步,似乎要说什么。
The clouds has disappeared as if(they had done)by magic.(介词短语)云彩好像变魔术似地消失了。
He fell off his horse as if(he had been)shot.(过去分词被动语态)他从马上跌下来,好像被射中了。
He hurriedly left the moon as though(she were)angry.(形容词)他匆忙地离开了房间,好像生气的样子。
4.the way, how引导用于口语或非正式文体中。
the way = the way that, the way in which / in the wayhow = in whatever mannerHe doesn’t speak the way I do. 他说话的方式和我的不一样。
Do it the way you were taught. 要按照教导你的那样去做。
This steak is cooked just how I like it. 这牛排正式在按照我喜欢的那样去做。
5.由like引导在口语或非正式文体中,有时可用like代替as或as if。
例如:I wish I could paint like(=as)he did. 我希望我能像他那样画画。
It rained like(=as if)the sky were falling. 下着大雨,好像天要塌下来似的。
比较状语从句比较状语从句表达人或事物的属性或特征的不同程度。
常由as···as(和···一样),not as / so···(不像···那样),than(比),the···(越···越···)等引导。
1.as+原级+as(第一个as是副词,含“如此”的意思,在主句说明所比内容的程度;第二个as是连词,含“比”或“如此”的意思,引导从句)。
例如:Our classroom is as big as theirs. 我们的课室跟他们的一样大。
I hope you like it as much as I do. 我喜欢你跟我一样喜欢它。
在这种结构中,比较成分的前面常用表示倍数的词如···times(···倍),twice(两倍)等来表示相比较的两个成分相差的倍数,通常译作“像···几倍那样多”,“是···的几倍”。
例如:The speed of sounds in water is about four times as great as in air.声音在水中的速度是空气中的4倍左右。
This book is twice as thin as that one. 这本书的厚度是那本书的二分之一。
2.“no+比较级+than”(不比···多,不少于)。
no是副词,在主句中作状语,修饰形容词或副词的比较级;than是连词,引导从句。
例如:Tom is no less diligent than peter. 汤姆用功不比彼得差。
(汤姆和彼得同样用功)He feels no better today than he did yesterday.他今天的感觉不比昨天好。
(他今天的感觉跟昨天同样不好。
)3.not so / as ···as(不像···那样,不如)。
第一个as/so是副词,在主句中作状语,修饰其后的形容词/副词;第二个as是连词,引导从句。
not so···as比not as···as用得比较普遍。
例如:The weather is not so cold as it was last winter. 天气不如去年冬天那么冷。
It is not as easy as you think. 事情并不像你想的那么容易。
The work did not go so smoothly as we hoped. 这工作并不像我们希望的那样顺利。
4.形容词/副词的比较级+than+被比较的对象。
表示两个人或事物在某(些)方面的差别。
than是连词,引导从句。
后面被比较对象如果是名词,多用省略形式,省去与主句中相同的部分。
This flower is less beautiful than that one but sweeter than that one.这朵花不如那朵花看,但比它香。
Man grows fast er than the planet he inhabits.人类成长的速度远比他居住的星球快得多。
从句中的主语(名词)如果与主句中的主语一致,为了避免重复,常用that代替不可数或某些可数名词,用those代替可数复数名词,用one或ones代替可数名词。
例如: The result of this experiment is better than that of the last one.这次实验的结果要比上次好。
The students in our class are more diligent than those in their class.我们班的学生比他们班的学生用功。
比较状语从句的动词,如果与主句的谓语动词一致,且为行为动词时,常用do(does,did)代替,以免重复。