2016上海卷(两次校对版)

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[VIP专享]2016年高考试题(上海卷)——数学(理)(含答案)

2016 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
上海数学试卷（理工农医类）
一、填空题（本大题共有 14 题，满分 56 分）考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得 4 分，否则一律得零分.
1、设 x R ,则不等式 x 3 1 的解集为______________________ 2、设 Z 3 2i ，期中 i 为虚数单位，则 Im z =______________________
3
a,b, c的组数为.
14.如图，在平面直角坐标系 xOy 中，O 为正八边形 A1A2 A8 的中心，
A11,0.任取不同的两点 Ai , Aj ，点 P 满足 OP OAi OAj 0 ，则点
1
P 落在第一象限的概率是. 2、选择题（5×4=20）
15.设 a R ，则“ a 1 ”是“ a2 1”的（）
i 3、已知平行直线 l1 : 2x y 1 0, l2 : 2x y 1 0 ，则 l1, l2 的距离_______________
4、某次体检，6 位同学的身高（单位：米）分别为 1.72,1.78,1.75,1.80,1.69,1.77 则这组数据的中位数是 _________（米）
8、在 3 x 2 n 的二项式中，所有项的二项式系数之和为 256，则常数项等于_________ x
9、已知 ABC 的三边长分别为 3,5,7，则该三角形的外接圆半径等于_________
10、设关于
x,
y
的方程组
ax y
x
by
1 1
无解，则
a
b
的取值范围是____________
3
7、方程 3sin x 1 cos 2x 在区间 0,2 上的解为___________

2016年高考真题语文(上海卷)(附解析)

绝密★启封并使用完毕前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文（上海卷）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分．2．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置．3．全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效．4．考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回．一、阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。

（17分）考据、批评与欣赏朱光潜①把快感、联想当作美感，是一般人的误解。

有一种误解是学者们所特有的，就考据和批评当作欣赏。

②拿我在国外大学读的莎士比亚这门功课来说，英国的教授整年地讲“版本的批评”；莎士比亚的某部剧本在那一年印第一次“四折本”，哪一年印第一次“对折本”，各有几次梵音，某一个字在第一次“四折本”怎样写，后来在“对折本”，里又改成什么样……自然他们不仅讲这一样，对来源和作者生平也很重视：莎士比亚大概度过些什么书？《哈姆雷特》是根据哪些书写的？他和戏院和同行的关系如何？“哈姆雷特是不是作者现身说法？……为了解决这些问题，学者们个个埋头于灰封虫咬的故纸堆中，寻找片纸只字以为至宝。

③这些功夫都属于中国人说的“考据学”。

这门课的教授只做这种功夫，对我们也只讲他研究的那一套。

至于学生能否欣赏剧本本身，他并不过问。

从美学观点来说，我们该如何看待这种考据工作呢？④考据所得的是历史知识，可以帮助欣赏，却不是欣赏本身。

欣赏之前要有了解。

只就欣赏说，版本、来源以及作者生平都是题外事，因为美感经验全在欣赏形象本身。

但就了解说，这些历史的知识却非常重要，要了解《洛神赋》，就不能不知道曹植和甄后的关系；要了解《饮酒》诗，就不能不先考定原本中到底是“悠然望南山”还是“悠然见南山”。

⑤但若只了解而不能欣赏，则没有走进文艺的领域。

通常富于考据癖的学者难免犯两种错误。

第一种错误是穿凿附会。

他们以为作者字字有来历，便拉史实来附会它。

他们不知道艺术是创造的，虽然可以受史实的影响，却不必完全受其支配。

2016年上海高考语文试题及答案完整word版

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）语文注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分.2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置.3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效.4.考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回.一、阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。

（17分）考据、批评与欣赏朱光潜①把快感、联想当作美感，是一般人的误解。

有一种误解是学者们所特有的，就考据和批评当作欣赏。

③这些功夫都属于中国人说的“考据学”。

这门课的教授只做这种功夫，对我们也只讲他研究的那一套。

至于学生能否欣赏剧本本身，他并不过问。

从美学观点来说，我们该如何看待这种考据工作呢？④考据所得的是历史知识，可以帮助欣赏，却不是欣赏本身。

欣赏之前要有了解。

只就欣赏说，版本、来源以及作者生平都是题外事，因为美感经验全在欣赏形象本身。

⑤但若只了解而不能欣赏，则没有走进文艺的领域。

通常富于考据癖的学者难免犯两种错误。

第一种错误是穿凿附会。

他们以为作者字字有来历，便拉史实来附会它。

他们不知道艺术是创造的，虽然可以受史实的影响，却不必完全受其支配。

第二种错误是因考据之后，便袖手旁观，不肯染指，而我是饕餮汉，对于考据家的苦心孤诣虽十二分地敬佩、感激，但我认为，最要紧的事还是伸箸把菜取到口里来咀嚼，领略领略它的滋味。

(精校版)2016年上海英语高考(含答案)

2016年普通高等学校全国统一考试（上海卷）英语第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious. C. It is old-fashioned. D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first. B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money. B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education. B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school. B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news. B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CBlanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuckat home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的) thinking. When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures,particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection B(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,… ①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her h arum-scarum③ noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④ for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My pan ic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s ch anging atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃ point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Comm ons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will us e our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal informat ion have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CWalking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A six-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far Eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any one time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may n ot seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bossesclaim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which wi ll be launched from April 18, one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?_______________________________________________________________________________________ 79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?_______________________________________________________________________________________80. The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one esca lator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.Translation1. 我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

2016年高考文科数学上海卷有答案

绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）数学(文史类)考生注意：1. 本试卷共6页，23道试题，满分150分.考试时间120分钟.2. 本考试分设试卷和答题纸.试卷包括试题与答题要求.作答必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分.3. 答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上.一、填空题（本大题共有14题，满分56分）考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分. 1. 设x ∈R ，则不等式31x -<的解集为_______.2. 设32iiz +=，其中i 为虚数单位，则z 的虚部等于_______.3. 已知平行直线1210l x y +-=：，2210l x y ++=：，则1l 与2l 的距离是_______. 4. 某次体检，5位同学的身高（单位：米）分别为1.72,1.78,1.80,1.69,1.76，则这组数据的中位数是_______（米）.5. 若函数()4sin cos f x x a x =+的最大值为5，则常数a =_______.6. 已知点3,9（）在函数()1x f x a =+的图象上，则()f x 的反函数1()f x -=_______.7. 若x ，y 满足0,0,1,x y y x ⎧⎪⎨⎪+⎩≥≥≥则2x y -的最大值为_______.8. 方程3sin 1cos2x x =+在区间[]0,2π上的解为_______.9.在2)n x的二项展开式中，所有项的二项式系数之和为256，则常数项等于_______.10. 已知ABC △的三边长分别为3，5，7，则该三角形的外接圆半径等于_______. 11. 某食堂规定，每份午餐可以在四种水果中任选两种，则甲、乙两同学各自所选的两种水果相同的概率为_______.12. 如图，已知点()0,0O ，()1.0A ，1(0,)B -，P是曲线y OP BA uu u r uu rg 的取值范围是 .13. 设0a >，0b >.若关于x ,y 的方程组1,1,ax y x by +=⎧⎨+=⎩无解，则a b +的取值范围是 . 14. 无穷数列{}n a 由k 个不同的数组成，n S 为{}n a 的前n 项和.若对任意的*n ∈N ，{23}n S ∈，则k 的最大值为 .二、选择题（本大题共4题，满分20分）每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律得零分. 15. 设a ∈R ,则“1a >”是“21a >”的( )A. 充分非必要条件B. 必要非充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既非充分也非必要条件16. 如图，在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，E ，F 分别为BC ，1BB的中点，则下列直线中与直线EF 相交的是( )A. 直线1AAB. 直线11A BC. 直线11A DD. 直线11B C17. 设a ∈R ，[0,2π)b ∈.若对任意实数x 都有πsin(3)=3x -sin()ax b +，则满足条件的有序实数对(),a b 的对数为( )A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 418. 设()f x ，()g x ，()h x 是定义域为R 的三个函数.对于命题：①若()()f x g x +，()()f x h x +，()()g x h x +均是增函数，则()f x ，()g x ，()h x 均是增函数；②若()()f x g x +，()f x +()h x ，()g x +()h x 均是以T 为周期的函数，则()f x ，()g x ，()h x 均是以T 为周期的函数，下列判断正确的是( )A. ①和②均为真命题B. ①和②均为假命题C. ①为真命题，②为假命题D. ①为假命题，②为真命题三、解答题（本大题共有5小题，满分74分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤.19.（本题满分12分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分6分.将边长为1的正方形11AAO O （及其内部）绕1OO 旋转一周形成圆柱，如图，AC 长为56π，11A B 长为3π，其中1B 与C 在平面11AAO O 的同侧. （Ⅰ）求圆柱的体积与侧面积；（Ⅱ）求异面直线11O B 与OC 所成的角的大小.-----------在-------------------此-------------------卷-------------------上-------------------答-------------------题-------------------无-------------------效------------姓名________________ 准考证号_____________20. （本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分.有一块正方形菜地EFGH ，EH 所在直线是一条小河.收获的蔬菜可送到F 点或河边运走.于是，菜地分为两个区域1S 和2S ，其中1S 中的蔬菜运到河边较近，2S 中的蔬菜运到F 点较近，而菜地内1S 和2S 的分界线C 上的点到河边与到F 点的距离相等.现建立平面直角坐标系，其中原点O 为EF 的中点，点F 的坐标为10（,），如图.（Ⅰ）求菜地内的分界线C 的方程；（Ⅱ）菜农从蔬菜运量估计出1S 面积是2S 面积的两倍，由此得到1S 面积的“经验值”为83.设M 是C 上纵坐标为1的点，请计算以EH 为一边、另有一边过点M 的矩形的面积，及五边形EOMGH 的面积，并判别哪一个更接近于1S 面积的“经验值”.21.（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分.双曲线2221(0)y x b b-=＞的左、右焦点分别为1F ，2F ，直线l 过2F 且与双曲线交于A ，B 两点.（Ⅰ）若l 的倾斜角为2π，1F AB △是等边三角形，求双曲线的渐近线方程；（Ⅱ）设b 若l 的斜率存在，且||4AB =，求l 的斜率.22. （本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分.对于无穷数列{}n a 与{}n b ，记*{|=}n A xx a n =∈N ，，*{|=}n B x x b n =∈N ，，若同时满足条件：①{}n a ，{}n b 均单调递增；②A B =∅且*AB =N ，则称{}n a 与{}n b 是无穷互补数列.（Ⅰ）若=21n a n -，=42n b n -，判断{}n a 与{}n b 是否为无穷互补数列，并说明理由；（Ⅱ）若2nn a =且{}n a 与{}n b 是无穷互补数列，求数列{}n b 的前16项的和；（III ）若{}n a 与{}n b 是无穷互补数列，{}n a 为等差数列且16=36a ，求{}n a 与{}n b 的通项公式.23. （本题满分18分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分.已知a ∈R ，函数21()log ()f x a x=+. （Ⅰ）当1a =时，解不等式()1f x >；（Ⅱ）若关于x 的方程22()log )0(f x x +=的解集中恰有一个元素，求a 的值；（III ）设0a >，若对任意1,12t ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，函数()f x 在区间[],1t t +上的最大值与最小值的差不超过1，求a 的取值范围.，则(cos OP =，又(1,1)BA =所以cos 2]OP BA α=.【提示】先利用数形结合思想，将问题转化到单位圆中，再利用三角函数的图象和性质，得到OP BA 的取值范围,0,0，从而可看出)][x T hA B，从而。

2016年新课标上海卷语文试题解析

2016年全国普通高考上海卷语文试题及答案解析(2016-06-12 16:25:47)一阅读 80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。

（17分）考据、批评与欣赏朱光潜（1）把快感、联想当作美感，是一般人的误解。

有一种误解是学者们所持有的，就是把考据和批评当作欣赏。

（2）那我在国外读的莎士比亚这门功课来说，英国的教授整年的讲“版本的批评”：莎士比亚的某部剧本在那一年印第一次“四折本”，某一年印第一次“对折本”，各有几次翻印，某一个字在第一次“四折本”怎样写，后来在“对折本”里又改成什么样……自然他们不仅讲这一样，对来源和作者生平也很重视：莎士比亚大概读过些什么书？《哈姆雷特》是根据哪些来写的？他和戏院和同行的关系如何？“哈姆雷特”是不是作者现身说法？……为了这些问题，学者们个个埋头于灰封虫咬的故纸堆中，看到片纸只字就以为是至宝。

（3）这些功夫就是中国人所说的“考据学”。

这门课的教授只做这种功夫，对我们也只讲他研究的那一套。

至于学生能否欣赏到剧本本身，他并不过问，从美学观点来说，我们该如何看待这种考据工作呢？（4）考据所得的是历史的知识，可以帮助欣赏，却不是欣赏本身。

欣赏之前要有了解。

只就欣赏说，版本、来源以及作者的生平都是题外事，因为美感经验全在欣赏形象本身。

但是就了解说，这些历史的知识却非常重要。

要了解《洛神赋》，就不能不知道曹植和甄后的关系；要了解《饮酒》诗，就不能不先考定原本中到底是“悠然望南山”还是“悠然见南山”。

（5）若只了解而不能欣赏，则没有走进文艺的领域。

通常富于考据癖的学者难免犯两种错误。

第一种错误就是穿凿附会。

他们以为作者一字一画都有来历，于是拉史实来附会它。

他们不知道艺术是创造的，虽然可以受史实的影响，却不必完全受史实的支配。

第二种错误是在因考据而忘欣赏。

他们好比食品化学专家，把一席菜的来源、成分以及烹调方法研究得有条有理之后，便袖手旁观，不肯染指。

而我是饕餮汉，对考据家的苦心孤诣虽十二分敬佩和感激，但我以为最要紧的事还是伸箸把菜取到口里来咀嚼，领略领略它的滋味。

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学文试题(上海卷,含解析)

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学文试题（上海卷，含解析）一、填空题（本大题共有14题，满分56分）考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分.1、设x ∈R ，则不等式31x -<的解集为_______.【答案】)4,2(【解析】试题分析：421311|3|<<⇔<-<-⇔<-x x x ，故不等式1|3|<-x 的解集为)4,2(.考点：绝对值不等式的基本解法.2、设iiZ 23+=，期中i 为虚数单位，则Im z =______________________【答案】-3【解析】试题分析：32i23,Imz=-3.iz i +==-考点：1.复数的运算；2.复数的概念.3、已知平行直线012:,012:21=++=-+y x l y x l ，则21,l l 的距离_______________【解析】试题分析：利用两平行线间距离公式得d ===考点：主要考查两平行线间距离公式.4、某次体检，6位同学的身高（单位：米）分别为1.72,1.78,1.75,1.80,1.69,1.77则这组数据的中位数是_________（米）【答案】1.76【解析】试题分析：将这6位同学的身高按照从矮到高排列为：1.69,1.72,1.75，1.77,1.78，1.80，这六个数的中位数是1.75与1.77的平均数，显然为1.76.考点：主要考查了中位数的概念.5、若函数()4sin cos f x x a x =+的最大值为5，则常数a =______.【答案】3±【解析】试题分析：)sin(16)(2ϕ++=x a x f ，其中4tan a=ϕ，故函数)(x f 的最大值为216a +，由已知，5162=+a ，解得3±=a .考点：三角函数sin()y A x ωϕ=+ 的图象和性质.6、已知点(3,9)在函数xa x f +=1)(的图像上，则________)()(1=-x f x f 的反函数【答案】2log (x 1)-考点：反函数的概念以及指对数式的转化.7、若,x y 满足0,0,1,x y y x ≥⎧⎪≥⎨⎪≥+⎩则2x y -的最大值为_______.【答案】2-【解析】试题分析：由不等式组画出可行域，如图，令y x z 2-=，当直线z x y 2121-=经过点)1,0(P 时，z 取得最大值，且为2-..x 在区间[]π2,0上的解为___________ 【解析】试题分析：化简3sinx 1cos 2x =+得：23sinx 22sin x =-，所以22sin x 3sinx 20+-=，解得1sinx 2=或sinx 2=-（舍去），所以在区间[0，2π]上的解为566ππ或.考点：二倍角公式及三角函数求值.9、在nx x ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-23的二项式中，所有项的二项式系数之和为256，则常数项等于_________【答案】112【解析】试题分析：由二项式定理得：二项式所有项的二项系数之和为n2，由题意得n 2256=，所以n 8=，考点：中二项式的通项为84r 8rr r r 33r 1882T C ()(2)C xx --+=-=-，求常数项则令84r 033-=，所以r 2=，所以3T 112=.考点：二项式定理.10、已知ABC ∆的三边长分别为3,5,7，则该三角形的外接圆半径等于_________【解析】试题分析：利用余弦定理可求得最大边7所对应角的余弦值为22235712352+-=-⨯⨯，所以此角的正弦值为2R =,所以R =考点：正弦、余弦定理.11、某食堂规定，每份午餐可以在四种水果中任选两种，则甲、乙两同学各自所选的两种水果相同的概率为______.【答案】16【解析】试题分析：将4种水果每两种分为一组，有24C 6=种方法，则甲、乙两位同学各自所选的两种水果相同的概率为16.考点：.古典概型12.如图，已知点O (0,0),A (1.0),B (0,−1),P是曲线y =OP BA ×u u u r u u r的取值范围是 .【答案】[-【解析】试题分析：由题意，设(cos ,sin )P αα,[0,π]α∈，则(cos ,sin )OP αα=，又(1,1)BA = , 所以cos sin [4OP BA αααπ⋅=+=+∈-.考点：1.数量积的运算；2.数形结合的思想.13.设a >0,b >0. 若关于x ,y 的方程组1,1ax y x by ì+=ïïíï+=ïî无解，则a b +的取值范围是 .【答案】(2,)+∞考点：方程组的思想以及基本不等式的应用.14.无穷数列{a n }由k 个不同的数组成，S n 为{a n }的前n 项和.若对任意的*n ÎN ，{23}n S Î，则k 的最大值为 .【答案】4【解析】试题分析：当1n =时，12a =或13a =；当2n …时，若2n S =，则12n S -=，于是0n a =，若3n S =，则13n S -=，于是0n a =.从而存在N k *∈，当n k …时，0k a =.其中数列{}n a ：2,1，-1,0,0，……满足条件，所以max 4k =.考点：数列的项与和.2、选择题（5×4=20）15.设R a ∈，则“1>a ”是“12>a ”的（）（A ）充分非必要条件（B ）必要非充分条件（C ）充要条件（D ）既非充分也非必要条件【答案】A【解析】试题分析：2211,111a a a a a >⇒>>⇒><-或，所以是充分非必要条件，选A.考点：充要条件16.如图，在正方体ABCD −A 1B 1C 1D 1中，E 、F 分别为BC 、BB 1的中点，则下列直线中与直线EF 相交的是（）(A)直线AA 1 (B)直线A 1B 1(C)直线A 1D 1(D)直线B 1C 1【答案】D【解析】试题分析：只有11B C 与EF 在同一平面内，是相交的，其他A ，B ，C 中直线与EF 都是异面直线，故选D ．考点：异面直线17.设a ÎR ，[0,2π]b Î.若对任意实数x 都有πsin(3)3x ax b -+，则满足条件的有序实数对(a ,b )的对数为（）(A)1 (B)2 (C)3 (D)4【答案】B【解析】试题分析：5sin(3)sin(32)sin(3333πππx x πx -=-+=+，5(,)(3,)3πa b =，又4sin(3)sin[(3sin(3333πππx πx x -=--=-+，4(,)(3,)3πa b =-，注意到[0,2)b π∈，只有这两组．故选B ．考点：三角函数18、设()f x 、()g x 、()h x 是定义域为R 的三个函数，对于命题：①若()()f x g x +、()()f x h x +、()()g x h x +均为增函数，则()f x 、()g x 、()h x 中至少有一个增函数；②若()()f x g x +、()()f x h x +、()()g x h x +均是以T 为周期的函数，则()f x 、()g x 、()h x 均是以T 为周期的函数，下列判断正确的是（）A 、①和②均为真命题B 、①和②均为假命题C 、①为真命题，②为假命题D 、①为假命题，②为真命题【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：因为[()g(x)][()(x)][g()(x)]()2f x f x h x h f x +++-+=必为周期为π的函数，所以②正确；增函数减增函数不一定为增函数，因此①不一定.选D.函数性质考点：1.抽象函数；2.函数的单调性；3.函数的周期性.三、解答题（74分）19. （本题满分12分）将边长为1的正方形AA 1O 1O （及其内部）绕OO 1旋转一周形成圆柱，如图， AC 长为56π， 11A B 长为3π，其中B 1与C 在平面AA 1O 1O 的同侧.（1）求圆柱的体积与侧面积；（2）求异面直线O 1B 1与OC 所成的角的大小.【答案】（1；（2）4π．圆柱的侧面积22112S rl =π=π⨯⨯=π．考点：1.几何体的体积；2.空间的角.20.（本题满分14分）有一块正方形菜地EFGH ,EH 所在直线是一条小河，收货的蔬菜可送到F 点或河边运走。

2016年高考上海卷语文试题(含答案)

与陆抗相对，使命交通，抗称祜之德量，虽乐毅，诸葛孔明不能过也。抗常病，祜馈之药。抗服之无疑心，人多谏抗
，抗曰：“羊祜岂鸩人者？”
④祜女夫尝劝祜有所营置，令有归载者，祜黯然不应，遂告诸子曰：“人臣树私则背公，是大惑也，汝宜识吾此意。”ຫໍສະໝຸດ （节选自《晋书·羊祜传》）
【注】①诡计：奇计。
16.写出下列加点词在句中的意思。（2分）
家之安危也。胤今日若死，此门乃开耳！”祜改容谢之，此后稀出矣。
③每与吴人交兵，克日方战，不为掩袭之计。将帅有欲进谲诈之策者，辄饮以醇酒，使不得言。吴将邓香掠夏口
，祜募生缚香，既至，宥之。香感其恩甚，率部曲而降。祜出军行吴境，刈谷为粮，皆计所侵，送绢偿之，每会众江涡
游猎，常止晋地，若禽兽先为吴人所伤而为晋兵所得者，皆封还之，于是吴人翁然悦服。称为“羊岱”，不之名也。祜
D.为“考据对欣赏是题外事”提供证据。 3.概括“法官”式文学批评的特点。（3分） 4.以下对文章的分析不恰当的一项是（）。（2分） A.第①段提出文章讨论的对象，总领全文。 B.第②~⑤段着重阐述了作者对考据的看法。 C.第⑨⑩段分别对第⑦⑧段进行了深入分析。 D.第?段总括了上文，提出了自己的主张。 5.下列推断与文章一致的一项是（）（3分） A.把考据和批评当作欣赏的人不都是学者。 B.如果不欣赏形象本身，就不能得到美感经验。 C.在考据学者们自己看来，文学批评也是一种考据。 D.“法官”式文学批评者不认为《麦克白》是一部悲剧。 6.分析作者与印象派在文学批评观点上的异同。（5分）（二）阅读下文，完成第7-11题。（18分）湖殇熊久红 ①当一双脚站在干涸的湖底的时候，其实，那种心痛的感觉，就像是自己踩在了自己的骨头上。 ②我说的是，在西部腹地，看着被戈壁荒漠一寸寸吞噬掉的艾比湖；我说的是，面对一片白色的盐碱，以及狂风掠过时卷起的漫漫沙尘。 ③对湖而言，它首先带给我们的，应该是那粼粼的波光，是鸥鸟的翔鸣，是蓝天白云的倒映，是渔歌唱晚的恬静，这些特征是湖带给我们的生活体验，也是湖应有的生命品质。而我脚下的艾比湖，正在丧失这些青春，就像一个散失了光鲜的干瘪水果，躺成一汪奄奄一息的物证，那些越来越多从湖底裸露出来的丑陋的盐碱污泥，总是让我联想到一具行将风干的木乃伊，一个湖的木乃伊。 ④青年时期的艾比湖有着1200平方公里的水面；有着几万乃至十几万只野鸭水鸟嬉戏的场面；有着浩浩荡荡芦苇环卫的辽阔水域；有着长河落日大漠孤烟的宁静致远。这些深深的怀念，使得我对眼前的景象，有着撕心裂肺的悲怆。 ⑤在蛮荒的疆域里安插一个湖，应该是上帝对自己分配不公的一个补偿，她带给我们的是对绝望灵魂的抚慰，是对生存状态的重估，是能枕着入眠的一个梦境，而这个梦，曾经真真实实地存在过，在记忆的回望里，碧波荡漾。 ⑥那是八十年代中期，一直对巴金的《海上日出》心存缱绻，期待感受红日出海的璀璨景象。新疆离海太远，使只好以湖的的水域，模仿海的苍茫了。从首府放暑假回来，邀几位同学，骑车六十里，去艾比湖看日出，以弥补对海的贫瘠和渴望。 ⑦由于道路的崎岖到湖边时，太阳早已三尺竿头了。没赶上看日出，却被眼前一望无际、绵延至深的芦苇荡所震撼，清风拂过，波涛汹涌。一如百万雄兵拥围着这一城的浩淼，湖的浅滩上，密密麻麻布满了野鸭、灰鸭、斑头雁，随便朝水中甩一片卵石，都会惊飞几十只水鸟，空中盘旋两圈，又栖落水中。湖面很宽，即使极目远眺，也看不见对岸的轮廓。靠近水边是一排沙滩，赤脚从上面走过，可以感受到温热潮润的细沙与脚趾间密切接触的惬意。几行浅浅的脚印，一派浪漫的行程。 ⑧二十多年的时间，都无法淡化湖在往事里的色彩，这幅精美的画面早已长在岁月深处，每一次温故，都在重新涂染一遍色彩，所以，停靠在回忆中的湖，其实，一直都很鲜艳，多少次在梦里，潮涨潮落，清波涟涟。 ⑨但眼前的残败，总让人恍然隔世，觉得这个每年被大风从湖底卷起无数沙尘和盐尘的，这个每年以几平方公里的速度一点点消失的，这个在干涸湖底随处可见禽鸟尸骨和枯苇干枝的，不是记忆里的那个湖啊！它与往日被我们时常念想的碧水清波毫无瓜葛。 ⑩多么希望艾比湖的枯萎是一次误诊！ ?但更多时候，我们不得不面对这样一串的数字。近50年，我国失去的湖泊有243个， ?那些缭绕碧波的绿茵，那些水中游戏的鱼鸟，那些湖面泛舟的渔人，那些环湖晚炊的村庄，都随着湖的消失而泯灭了。 ?通过同伴的结局，艾比湖一定看到了自己悲情的归宿，所以，湖才有了泪的咸涩。如果能发出呐喊，我想，湖是一定要向上天控诉的，控诉那贪婪者破坏者无知者傲慢者控诉他们以自己的短视替子孙们挖掘着墓穴。 ?时常看到一些赞美艾比湖的文章，对它仅剩的三分之一的水域，进行热情歌颂，听上去就像是对着一个病入膏肓的人赞美她美丽的服饰和迷人的发髻，不知道在鱼缸里长大的鱼，会不会朗诵有关海的诗句。 ? 7.第①段中的比喻贴切形象，表现力强，请加以赏析。（3分） 8.作者描绘了八十年代中期游湖所见景色，用意是。（3分）

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(上海卷,含解析)

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（上海卷，含解析）考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and qui et.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Diary (June 13-19)□13SUN□14MON 17 for after-class activity application□15TUE□16WED Handing in three student 18□17THU Basketball Club meetingTime:12:45—1:30pm Place: The 19□18FRI Filling in a form with up-to-date personal dataTime: 20 break Place: The computer room□19SATBlank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Who is Sue Walter? She is 21 in court and a writer.What is Sue’s suggestion for people with difficulties?22In Sue’s eyes, what is the b est part about her job? 23 in decision-making.What does Sue think happiness is? 24II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.【答案】25. Wondering 26. wha t 27. which 28. had done 29. buying 30. Before 31. from 32. how 【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文，我在无意中发现妈妈偷偷地帮助难民，赞美了妈妈善良无私的美丽品质。

2016年高考语文上海卷及答案

语文试卷第1页（共10页）语文试卷第2页（共10页）绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）语文考生注意：1. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

2. 答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

3. 答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

4. 考试时间150分钟。

试卷满分150分。

一阅读 80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1～6题。

（17分）考据、批评与欣赏朱光潜①把快感、联想当作美感，是一般人的误解。

有一种误解是学者们所特有的，就是把考据和批评当作欣赏。

②拿我在国外大学读的莎士比亚这门功课来说。

英国的教授整年地讲“版本的批评”：莎士比亚的某部剧本在哪一年印第一次“四折本”，哪一年印第一次“对折本”，各有几次翻印，某一个字在第一次“四折本”怎样写，后来在“对折本”里又改成什么样……自然他们不仅讲这一样，对来源和作者生平也很重视：莎士比亚大概读过些什么书？《哈姆雷特》是根据哪些书写的？他和戏院和同行的关系如何？“哈姆雷特”是不是作者现身说法？……为了解决这些问题，学者们个个埋头于灰封虫咬的故纸堆中，寻找片纸只字就以为至宝。

③这些功夫都属于中国人说的“考据学”。

这门课的教授只做这种功夫，对我们也只讲他研究的那一套。

至于学生能否欣赏剧本本身，他并不过问。

从美学观点来说，我们该如何看待这种考据工作呢？④考据所得的是历史的知识，可以帮助欣赏，却不是欣赏本身。

欣赏之前要有了解。

只就欣赏说，版本、来源以及作者生平都是题外事，因为美感经验全在欣赏形象本身。

但就了解说，这些历史的知识却非常重要。

要了解《洛神赋》，就不能不知道曹植和甄后的关系；要了解《饮酒》诗，就不能不先考定原本中到底是“悠然望南山”还是“悠然见南山”。

⑤但若只了解而不能欣赏，则没有走进文艺的领域。

2016年高考上海卷语文试题及答案详解

绝密★启封并使用完毕前试题类型：注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分．2．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置．3．全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效．4．考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回．一、阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。

（17分）考据、批评与欣赏朱光潜①把快感、联想当作美感，是一般人的误解。

有一种误解是学者们所特有的，就考据和批评当作欣赏。

③这些功夫都属于中国人说的“考据学”。

这门课的教授只做这种功夫，对我们也只讲他研究的那一套。

至于学生能否欣赏剧本本身，他并不过问。

从美学观点来说，我们该如何看待这种考据工作呢？④考据所得的是历史知识，可以帮助欣赏，却不是欣赏本身。

欣赏之前要有了解。

只就欣赏说，版本、来源以及作者生平都是题外事，因为美感经验全在欣赏形象本身。

⑤但若只了解而不能欣赏，则没有走进文艺的领域。

通常富于考据癖的学者难免犯两种错误。

第一种错误是穿凿附会。

他们以为作者字字有来历，便拉史实来附会它。

他们不知道艺术是创造的，虽然可以受史实的影响，却不必完全受其支配。

2016年高考(上海卷)及答案

2016年高考（上海卷）及答案2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海语文注意事项：1.本试卷分第卷(选择题)和第卷(非选择题)两部分.2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置.3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效.4.考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回.一、阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。

（17分）考据、批评与欣赏朱光潜把快感、联想当作美感，是一般人的误解。

有一种误解是学者们所特有的，就考据和批评当作欣赏。

拿我在国外大学读的莎士比亚这门功课来说，英国的教授整年地讲版本的批评；莎士比亚的某部剧本在那一年印第一次四折本，哪一年印第一次对折本，各有几次梵音，某一个字在第一次四折本怎样写，后来在对折本，里又改成什么样……自然他们不仅讲这一样，对来源和生平也很重视：莎士比亚大概度过些什么书？《哈姆雷特》是根据哪些书写的？他和戏院和同行的关系如何？哈姆雷特是不是现身说法？……为了解决这些问题，学者们个个埋头于灰封虫咬的故纸堆中，寻找片纸只字以为至宝。

这些功夫都属于中国人说的考据学。

这门课的教授只做这种功夫，对我们也只讲他研究的那一套。

至于学生能否欣赏剧本本身，他并不过问。

从美学观点来说，我们该如何看待这种考据工作呢？考据所得的是历史知识，可以帮助欣赏，却不是欣赏本身。

欣赏之前要有了解。

只就欣赏说，版本、来源以及生平都是题外事，因为美感经验全在欣赏形象本身。

但就了解说，这些历史的知识却非常重要，要了解《洛神赋》，就不能不知道曹植和甄后的关系；要了解《饮酒》诗，就不能不先考定原本中到底是悠然望南山还是悠然见南山。

但若只了解而不能欣赏，则没有走进文艺的领域。

通常富于考据癖的学者难免犯两种错误。

第一种错误是穿凿附会。

他们以为字字有来历，便拉史实来附会它。

他们不知道艺术是创造的，虽然可以受史实的影响，却不必完全受其支配。

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学理试题(上海卷,含解析)

高考衣食住用行衣：高考前这段时间，提醒同学们出门一定要看天气，否则淋雨感冒，就会影响考场发挥。

穿着自己习惯的衣服，可以让人在紧张时产生亲切感和安全感，并能有效防止不良情绪产生。

食：清淡的饮食最适合考试，切忌吃太油腻或者刺激性强的食物。

如果可能的话，每天吃一两个水果，补充维生素。

另外，进考场前一定要少喝水！住：考前休息很重要。

好好休息并不意味着很早就要上床睡觉，根据以往考生的经验，太早上床反而容易失眠。

考前按照你平时习惯的时间上床休息就可以了，但最迟不要超过十点半。

用：出门考试之前，一定要检查文具包。

看看答题的工具是否准备齐全，应该带的证件是否都在，不要到了考场才想起来有什么工具没带，或者什么工具用着不顺手。

行：看考场的时候同学们要多留心，要仔细了解自己住的地方到考场可以坐哪些路线的公交车？有几种方式可以到达？大概要花多长时间？去考场的路上有没有修路堵车的情况？考试当天，应该保证至少提前20分钟到达考场。

2016年上海高考数学（理科）真题一、解答题（本大题共有14题，满分56分）1. 设x ∈R ，则不等式31x -<的解集为________________ 【答案】(2,4)【解析】131x -<-<，即24x <<，故解集为(2,4)2. 设32iiz +=，其中i 为虚数单位，则Im z =_________________【答案】3-【解析】i(32i)23i z =-+=-，故Im 3z =-3. 1l :210x y +-=, 2l :210x y ++=, 则12,l l 的距离为__________________25【解析】22112521d +==+4. 某次体检，6位同学的身高（单位:米）分别为1.72,1.78,1.75,1.80,1.69,1.77，则这组数据的中位数是___ （米）【答案】1.765. 已知点(3,9)在函数()1x f x a =+的图像上，则()f x 的反函数1()f x -=____________ 【答案】2log (1)x -【解析】319a +=，故2a =，()12x f x =+∴2log (1)x y =-∴12()log (1)f x x -=-6. 如图，在正四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -中，底面ABCD 的边长为3，1BD 与底面所成角的大小为2arctan 3，则该正四棱柱的高等于____________________ 【答案】2【解析】32BD =12223DD BD =⋅=7. 方程3sin 1cos2x x =+在区间[0,2π]上的解为________________【答案】π5π,66x =【解析】23sin 22sin x x =-，即22sin 3sin 20x x +-=∴(2sin 1)(sin 2)0x x -+=∴1sin 2x =∴π5π,66x =8. 在32n x x ⎫⎪⎭-的二项式中，所有项的二项式系数之和为256，则常数项等于_______________【答案】112【解析】2256n =， 8n =通项88433882()(2)r rr r r rC x C x x--⋅⋅-=-⋅取2r =常数项为228(2)112C -=9. 已知ABC V 的三边长为3,5,7，则该三角形的外接圆半径等于________________【解析】3,5,7a b c ===，2221cos 22a b c C ab +-==-∴sin C∴2sin c R C ==10. 设0,0a b >>，若关于,x y 的方程组11ax y x by +=⎧⎨+=⎩无解，则a b +的取值范围是_____________【答案】(2,)+∞【解析】由已知，1ab =，且a b ≠，∴2a b +>11. 无穷数列{}n a 由k 个不同的数组成，n S 为{}n a 的前n 项和，若对任意*n ∈N ，{2,3}n S ∈，则k 的最大值为___________ 【答案】412. 在平面直角坐标系中，已知(1,0)A , (0,1)B -, P 是曲线y =BP BA ⋅u u u r u u u r的取值范围是____________【答案】[0,1+【解析】设(cos ,sin )P αα, [0,π]α∈，(1,1)BA =u u u r, (cos ,sin 1)BP αα=+u u u rπcos [0,1sin 1)14BP BA ααα⋅=+++∈+u u u r u u u r13. 设,,a b ∈R , [0,2π)c ∈，若对任意实数x 都有π2sin(3)sin()3x a bx c -=+，则满足条件的有序实数组(,,)a b c 的组数为______________ 【答案】4【解析】(i)若2a =若3b =，则5π3c =；若3b =-，则4π3c =(ii)若2a =-，若3b =-，则π3c =；若3b =，则2π3c =共4组14. 如图，在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，O 为正八边形128A A A L 的中心，1(1,0)A ，任取不同的两点,i j A A ，点P 满足0i j OP OA OA ++=u u u r u u u r u u u u r r ，则点P 落在第一象限的概率是_______________【答案】528 【解析】285528C =二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分20分）15. 设a ∈R ，则“1a >”是“21a >”的( )A. 充分非必要条件B. 必要非充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既非充分也非必要条件【答案】A16. 下列极坐标方程中，对应的曲线为右图的是( ) A. 65cos ρθ=+ B. 65sin ρθ=+ C. 65cos ρθ=- D. 65sin ρθ=- 【答案】D【解析】π2θ=-时，ρ达到最大17. 已知无穷等比数列{}n a 的公比为q ，前n 项和为n S ，且lim n n S S →∞=，下列条件中，使得*2()n S S n <∈N 恒成立的是( )A. 10a >, 0.60.7q <<B. 10a <, 0.70.6q -<<-C. 10a >, 0.70.8q <<D. 10a <, 0.80.7q -<<-【答案】B【解析】1(1)1n n a q S q-=-, 11a S q =-, 11q -<<2n S S <，即1(21)0n a q -> 若10a >，则12nq >，不可能成立若10a <，则12nq <，B 成立18. 设(),(),()f x g x h x 是定义域为R 的三个函数，对于命题:①若()()f x g x +，()()f x h x +，()()g x h x +均为增函数，则(),(),()f x g x h x 中至少有一个为增函数；②若()()f x g x +，()()f x h x +，()()g x h x +均是以T 为周期的函数，则(),(),()f x g x h x 均是以T 为周期的函数，下列判断正确的是( )A. ①和②均为真命题B. ①和②均为假命题C. ①为真命题，②为假命题D. ①为假命题，②为真命题【答案】D【解析】①不成立，可举反例2,1)1(3,x x f x x x ≤-+>⎧=⎨⎩, 03,023,21()1,x x x x x x g x ≤-+<+⎧≥=<⎪⎨⎪⎩, 0(0)2,,x h x x x x -=≤>⎧⎨⎩②()()()()f x g x f x T g x T +=+++ ()()()()f x h x f x T h x T +=+++ ()()()()g x h x g x T h x T +=+++前两式作差，可得()()()()g x h x g x T h x T -=+-+ 结合第三式，可得()()g x g x T =+, ()()h x h x T =+ 也有()()f x f x T =+ ∴②正确故选D三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分74分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤．19. （本题满分12分）将边长为1的正方形11AA O O （及其内部）绕1OO 旋转一周形成圆柱，如图，»AC 长为23π，¼11A B 长为3π，其中1B 与C 在平面11AA O O 的同侧 (1) 求三棱锥111C O A B -的体积(2) 求异面直线1B C 与1AA 所成角的大小【解析】(1) 连11O B ，则¼111113AO A B B π∠== ∴111O A B V 为正三角形∴1113O A B S =V ∴1111111133C O A B O A B V OO S -=⋅=V(2) 设点1B 在下底面圆周的射影为B ，连1BB ，则11BB AA ∥ ∴1BB C ∠为直线1B C 与1AA 所成角（或补角）111BB AA == 连,,BC BO OC»¼113AB A B π==, »23AC π= ∴»3BCπ=∴3BOC π∠=∴BOC V 为正三角形 ∴1BC BO ==∴11tan 1BCBB C BB ∠== ∴145BB C ∠=︒∴直线1B C 与1AA 所成角大小为45︒20．（本题满分14分）有一块正方形菜地EFGH , EH 所在直线是一条小河，收货的蔬菜可送到F 点或河边运走。

2016高考语文上海卷(含答案)

绝密★启封并使用完毕前试题类型：2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海语文注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分.2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置.3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效.4.考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回.一、阅读 80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。

（17分）考据、批评与欣赏朱光潜①把快感、联想当作美感，是一般人的误解。

有一种误解是学者们所特有的，就考据和批评当作欣赏。

③这些功夫都属于中国人说的“考据学”。

这门课的教授只做这种功夫，对我们也只讲他研究的那一套。

至于学生能否欣赏剧本本身，他并不过问。

从美学观点来说，我们该如何看待这种考据工作呢？④考据所得的是历史知识，可以帮助欣赏，却不是欣赏本身。

欣赏之前要有了解。

只就欣赏说，版本、来源以及作者生平都是题外事，因为美感经验全在欣赏形象本身。

⑤但若只了解而不能欣赏，则没有走进文艺的领域。

通常富于考据癖的学者难免犯两种错误。

第一种错误是穿凿附会。

他们以为作者字字有来历，便拉史实来附会它。

他们不知道艺术是创造的，虽然可以受史实的影响，却不必完全受其支配。

2016上海高考数学试卷

高考数学试卷一、单选题1. “1＜x ＜2”是“x ＜2”成立的A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件2.在三棱锥B ACD -中，若AB AC AD BC BD CD =====，则异面直线AB 与CD 所成角为（）A ．30°B ．60°C ．90°D ．120°3.定义区间[]()1212,x x x x <的长度为21x x -，已知函数||2x y =的定义域为[,]a b ，值域为[1,2]，则区间[,]a b 的长度的最大值与最小值的差为（）A.1B.2C.3D.124.若()2,01,0x m x f x nx x +<⎧=⎨+>⎩是奇函数，则（） A.1m =-，2n = B. 1m =，2n =-C. 1m =，2n =D. 1m =-，2n =-5.列函数中，既是偶函数又在区间(0),-∞上单调递增的是（）A ．2(1)f x x =B ．()21f x x =+C ．()2f x x =D ．()2x f x -=6．若命题甲：10x -=，命题乙：2lg lg 0x x -=，则命题甲是命题乙的（）A ．充分非必要条件B ．必要非充分条件C ．充要条件D ．非充分也非必要条件7.0tan 3π=（）A ．3B ．3C ．1D 38.设集合{}{}234345M N ==，，，，，，那么M N ⋃=（）A.{} 2345，，，B.{}234，， C .{}345，， D .{}34，9.已知集合{}3,1,0,2,3,4A =--，{|0R B x x =≤或3}x >，则A B =（）A.∅B.{}3,1,0,4--C.{}2,3D.{}0,2,310．在△ABC 中，角A ，B ，C 的对边分别为a ，b ，c ，若a ＝3，b ＝5，c ＝2acosA ，则cosA ＝（）A ．13 B ．2 C ．3 D ．611.已知m 3=n 4，那么下列式子中一定成立的是（）A ．4m =3nB ．3m =4nC ．m =4nD ．mn =12 12.复数满足(12)3z i i -=-，则z 在复平面内对应的点在（）A ．第一象限B ．第二象限C ．第三象限D ．第四象限二、填空题13.某班统计考试成绩，数学得90分以上的有25人；语文得90分以上的有21人；两科中至少有一科在90分以上的有38人.则两科都在90分以上的人数为（）．14．．某校高一、高二、高三年级的学生人数之比为4：4：3，现按年级用分层抽样的方法抽取若干人，若抽取的高三年级的学生数为15，则抽取的样本容量为_______15.足尖虽未遍及美景,浪漫却从未停止生长．清风牵动裙摆，处处彰显着几何的趣味．下面的几何图形好似平铺的一件裙装，①②③⑤是全等的等腰梯形，④⑥是正方形，其中12AB AA ==,114A B =，若沿图中的虚线折起，围成一个封闭几何体Ω，则Ω的体积为；Ω的外接球的表面积为．三、解答题16.已知函数1()2f x x x =+-（1）用定义证明函数()f x 在(0,1]上是减函数，在[1,)+∞上是增函数；（2）当函数()lg y f x k =-有两个大于0的零点时，求实数k 的取值范围（3）若不等式f （2x ）≧m ·2x 对x ЄR 恒成立，求实数m 的取值范围。

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2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试生命科学试题（上海卷）一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）1．SARS病毒可以通过口腔分泌物进行传播，这种传播途径属于A．媒介物传播B．空气传播C．病媒传播D．接触传播【答案】D2．在电子显微镜下，放线菌和霉菌中都能观察到的结构是A．核糖体和质膜B．线粒体和内质网C．核糖体和拟核D．线粒体和高尔基体【答案】A3．将紫色洋葱鳞叶外表皮细胞置于30%蔗糖溶液数分钟后，结果如图1所示，紫色分布的区域和影响色素分布的结构分别是A．①和细胞膜B．①和细胞膜、液泡膜C．②和细胞膜、液泡膜D．②和细胞膜、液泡膜、细胞壁【答案】C4．多肉植物鸡冠掌通常利用落叶上长出的不定芽繁殖，这种繁殖类型是A．出芽生殖B．营养繁殖C．分裂生殖D．有性生殖【答案】B5．下列关于测量蚕豆叶下表皮保卫细胞长度的实验操作，错误．．的是A．从低倍镜转到高倍镜时，两眼必须从显微镜侧面注视B．从低倍镜转到高倍镜时，轻轻地转动物镜使高倍镜到位C．从低倍镜视野中，需将进一步放大观察的物像移至视野中央D．测量细胞长度时，应尽量使目镜测微尺与被测细胞平行并重叠【答案】B6．诺贝尔奖得主屠呦呦在抗疟药物研发中，发现了一种药效高于青蒿素的衍生物蒿甲醚，结构如图2。

下列与蒿甲醚的元素组成完全相同的物质是A．纤维素B．胰岛素C．叶绿素D．甲状腺素【答案】A7．经过灯光刺激与食物多次结合，建立狗唾液分泌条件反射后，下列操作不能使该反射消退的是A．灯光刺激+食物B．仅食物C．声音刺激+食物D．仅灯光刺激【答案】A8．在果蝇唾液腺细胞染色体观察实验中，对图3中相关结构的正确描述是A．图3 表示一条染色体的显微结构B．箭头所指处由1个DNA分子构成C．染色体上一条横纹代表一个基因D．根据染色体上横纹的数目和位置可区分不同种的果蝇【答案】D9．在正常情况下，进餐后血糖浓度会相应升高。

在此过程中A．胰岛A细胞分泌的胰岛素增加B．延髓糖中枢兴奋抑制糖原合成C．胰岛素的作用强于胰高血糖素的作用D．葡萄糖以自由扩散方式进入小肠黏膜细胞【答案】C10．图4 显示恐惧反射的建立过程。

将建立反射后的小鼠放回反射箱时，小鼠体内不．会发生的是A．胃肠蠕动加速B．血糖升高C．呼吸加速D．心跳加快【答案】A11．下列病毒的构成组合中错误．．的是①DNA ②RNA ③蛋白质④磷脂A．②③④B．①②③C．①③D．②③【答案】B12．不同比例的视锥细胞共同活动的结果使人形成不同的色彩知觉。

下列图中，每条曲线表示一种视锥细胞接受的光波长范围及其相对激活程度。

据此推测，拥有下列视锥细胞组成的人中，表现出最强色彩分辨能力的是【答案】A13．位于颈部的颈动脉窦存在压力感受器。

在拳击比赛时，运动员非常注重保护颈部。

从生理学角度分析，这种做法是为了避免A．挤压血管引起动脉血压过高B．激活压力感受器导致血压过低C．堵塞血管引起动脉血压过低D．激活压力感受器导致血压过高【答案】B14．导致图5中ab和de段人体体温变化的事件可能是A．非自主颤栗和发热B．骨骼肌收缩和排尿C．吹电风扇和剧烈运动D．寒冷环境和汗液分泌增加【答案】C15．人骨骼肌内的白肌细胞含少量线粒体，适合无氧呼吸、进行剧烈运动。

白肌细胞内葡萄糖氧化分解的产物有①酒精②乳酸③CO2 ④H2O ⑤A TPA．①③⑤B．②④⑤C．①③④⑤D．②③④⑤【答案】D16．从种植于室内普通光照和室外强光光照下的同种植物分别提取叶片的叶绿体色素，用纸层析法分离，结果如图6。

下列判断正确的是A．室内植物叶片偏黄B．室外植物叶片偏绿C．室外植物叶片胡萝卜素含量>叶黄素含量D．室内植物叶片叶绿素a含量>叶绿素b含量【答案】D17．非特异性免疫和特异性免疫在抗原特异性方面显著不同。

此外，这两者的主要区别还表现在表1区别非特异性免疫特异性免疫①具有免疫持久性具有免疫短促性②对抗原缺乏记忆功能对抗原具有记忆功能③涉及巨噬细胞的吞噬作用不涉及巨噬细胞的功能④包含抗原诱导的细胞不存在免疫细胞的增殖与分化A．①B．②C．③ D．④【答案】B18．某种致病性极强的细菌外毒素由α和β两个亚单位组成，其中β亚单位无毒性，但能促进α亚单位进入宿主细胞发挥毒性作用。

因此，研制疫苗时应选择该细菌的①外毒素②减毒外毒素③外毒素α亚单位④外毒素β亚单位A．①或②B．①或③C．②或④D．③或④【答案】C19．观察牛蛙的脊髓反射现象实验中对牛蛙作了一些处理，下列针对这些处理的分析不．合理的是A．切除脑的作用是去除脑对脊髓的控制B．洗去趾尖酸液有利于搔扒反射的进行C．环割脚趾皮肤可证实此处有相应感受器D．破坏脊髓可证实脊髓存在搔扒反射的神经中枢【答案】B20．下列化学反应属于水解反应的是①核酸→核苷酸②葡萄糖→丙酮酸③A TP→ADPA．①②B．①③C．②③ D．①②③【答案】B21．表2显示某家庭各成员间的凝血现象（－表示无凝血，＋表示凝血），其中妻子是A型血，则女儿的血型和基因型分别为表2红细胞丈夫妻子儿子女儿丈夫血清－＋－－妻子血清＋－－＋儿子血清＋＋－＋女儿血清－＋－－A．A型；I A i B．B型；I B i C．AB型；I A I B D．O型；ii【答案】B22．氨基酸在细胞内氧化分解的部分过程如图7，其中过程X和分解终产物Z分别是A．脱氨基；CO2、H2O和A TPB．脱氨基；CO2、H2O和尿素C．转氨基；CO2、H2O和ATPD．转氨基；CO2、H2O和尿素【答案】A23．导致遗传物质变化的原因有很多，图8中字母代表不同基因，其中变异类型①和②依次是A．突变和倒位B．重组和倒位C．重组和易位D．易位和倒位【答案】D24．在光合作用的光反应中A．电子受体是水B．电子供体是NADPHC．反应场所位于叶绿体膜D．H+浓度差驱动A TP合成【答案】D25．控制棉花纤维长度的三对等位基因A/a、B/b、C/c对长度的作用相等，分别位于三对同源染色体上。

已知基因型为aabbcc 的棉纤维长度为6厘米，每个显性基因增加纤维长度2厘米。

棉花植株甲（AABbcc）与乙（aaBbCc）杂交，则F1的棉纤维长度范围是A．6~14厘米B．6~16厘米C．8~14厘米D．8~16厘米【答案】C26．图9显示某种鸟类羽毛的毛色（B、b）遗传图解，下列相关表述错误．．的是A．该种鸟类的毛色遗传属于性染色体连锁遗传B．芦花形状为显性性状，基因B对b完全显性C．非芦花雄鸟和芦花雌鸟的子代雌鸟均为非芦花D．芦花雄鸟与非芦花雌鸟的子代雄鸟均为非芦花【答案】D27．十年前两个研究小组几乎同时发现，将四个特定基因导入处于分化终端的体细胞（如成纤维细胞等）中，可诱导其形成具有胚胎干细胞样分化潜能的诱导型多能干细胞。

这项先进技术的潜在应用前景是A．改造和优化人类基因组结构B．突破干细胞定向分化的障碍C．解决异体组织/器官排斥难题D．克隆具有优良品质的动物个体【答案】C28．在DNA分子模型的搭建实验中，若仅用订书钉将脱氧核糖、磷酸、碱基连为一体并构建一个含10对碱基（A有6个）的DNA双链片段，那么使用的订书钉个数为A．58 B．78 C．82 D．88【答案】C29．从同一个体的浆细胞（L）和胰岛B细胞（P）分别提取它们的全部mRNA（L-mRNA和P-mRNA），并以此为模板在逆转录酶的催化下合成相应的单链DNA（L-cDNA和P-cDNA）。

其中，能与L-cDNA互补的P-mRNA以及不．能与P-cDNA互补的L-mRNA分别含有编码①核糖体蛋白的mRNA ②胰岛素的mRNA③抗体蛋白的mRNA ④血红蛋白的mRNAA．①③B．①④C．②③D．②④【答案】A30．大量研究发现，很多生物密码子中的碱基组成具有显著的特异性。

图10 A所示的链霉菌某一条mRNA的部分序列整体大致符合图10 B所示的链霉菌密码子碱基组成规律，试根据这一规律判断这段mRNA序列中的翻译起始密码子（AUG或GUG）可能是A．①B．②C．③D．④【答案】D二、综合题（共90分）（一）回答下列有关生物进化与多样性的问题。

（9分）图11显示太平洋某部分岛屿上几种鸟类的分布及迁移情况。

图12 显示其中的S鸟不同种群的等位基因频率与代数的关系，其中n代表种群的个体数。

31．图11显示，相对于X岛，Y岛上鸟的_______多样性减小。

32．S鸟有黑羽（AA）、杂羽（Aa）、灰羽（aa）三种表现型，当S鸟迁至Y岛后，在随机交配产生的后代中统计发现灰羽个体只占1%，Y岛S鸟种群中A基因的频率为________。

估算Y岛S鸟密度的调查方法一般采用_____________。

33．经过多个阶段的迁移，在各岛上发现源于S鸟的14种鸟，此类现象称为________。

34．据图12判断，随着繁殖代数的增加，下列表述正确的是______（多选）。

A．群体越小，某些基因消失的几率越大B．群体越小，种群基因越偏离原始种群C．群体越大，种群遗传多样性越易消失D．群体越大，种群纯合子越倾向于增加35．除自然因素外，影响鸟类群体数量的人为因素有______（多选）。

A．栖息地开发B．烈性病毒的出现C．栖息地污染D．栖息地因地震被岛屿化【答案】（9分）31．物种多样性和遗传多样性32．0.9 标记重捕法33．适应辐射34．AB35．AC（二）回答下列有关植物激素及其调节作用的问题。

（9分）图13显示胚芽鞘受单侧光照时的生长情况及受光照处生长素的主要运输方向。

生长素在植物细胞间的运输常需细胞膜上载体参与。

36．下列激素对植物生长所起的主要作用，与生长素在a处所起作用相反的是______（多选）。

A．乙烯B．赤霉素C．脱落酸D．细胞分裂素37．生长素沿b方向运输时，其在细胞间跨膜运输的方式主要是_______。

已知某双子叶植物不同器官对生长素响应不同（见表3）。

为进一步研究生长素对该植物生长的影响，将其幼苗根部浸泡在三面遮光的方缸中，右侧给光。

培育一段时间后，发现幼苗根部向左侧弯曲生长，幼苗上部的生长呈顶端优势。

将幼苗分7组，用不同浓度外源生长素处理幼苗根部，继续给予单侧光照，实验数据见图14。

图中浓度1~6为外源生长素浓度，以10倍递增；对照指外源生长素浓度为0，此时根部内源生长素浓度低于10-12mol/L。

表3生长素浓度（mol/L）促进抑制根10-12~10-810-8~10-5芽10-10~10-510-5~10-338．在该植物幼苗的①侧芽、②根弯曲处向光侧、③根弯曲处背光侧三个部位，能合成生长素的部位是__________；各部位生长素浓度由高到低的顺序是____________。

39．据图14、表3数据和生长素作用特点预测，在外源浓度6时，该植物幼苗根部弯曲角度约为___________。