讲座2008高考英语备考经典写作之分类突破
高考英语冲刺讲座课件
4. 阅 读：
命题趋势：2009年高考英语命题在选材上将力争紧扣
时代脉搏，贴近考生的生活实际。试题各部分的选材涉及 的话题将会涉及到各个方面，反映英语语言的发展，反映 当代青少年的精神面貌，渗透现代社会的新观念。同时， “注重情感态度” 这一思想也将会在试卷的选材上得到体 现，使考生“在用英语交流的过程中，能理解语言隐含的 情感、态度和价值观”。 阅读部分会保持较大的阅读量，并涉及各种体裁和题 材的文章，这有利于考查考生快速获取信息、处理信息、 分析信息等能力及其应变能力，符合《新课标》对学生英 语能力的要求，也在一定程度上体现了试卷的区分度。
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第一部分：2008 年高考英语(湖南卷)试题分析
一、2008年高考英语(湖南卷)
试卷整体结构与特点。
1. 注重选材的思想性和实用性，体现 语言学习的教育功能。 2. 注重语言知识与运用的关系，突出 3 综合能力的考查。 3. 注重语境设臵，避免纯知识性考查。 4. 注重贴近学生生活实际，体现“以人 为本”的理念。
3. 语法部分：
《新课标》语言技能目标八级对语法的要求：
第二部分： 湖南省《〈2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲〉补充说明》解读。
3. 语法部分：
《新课标》语言技能目标八级对语法的要求：
考生应能：
①进一步掌握描述时间、地点和方位的表达式； ②进一步理解并掌握比较人、事物的表达方式； ③使用恰当的语言进行描述和表达观点、态度 和情感等； ④学习并掌握常见语篇形式的基本篇章结构和 逻辑关系。
第二部分： 湖南省《〈2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲〉补充说明》解读。
1. 词汇范围：
命题趋势：
①各篇文章中均会出现未注释汉语但不会影响试题 解答的生词，这就要求教师在平时的教学中一定要 注意考生猜词能力的培养。 ②《新课标》明确 指出：“部分可根据构词法推导出的副词、名词等 不单列。”所以，在2006到2008年的高考试题中， 出现了可根据构词法中简单的前后缀推导出意思的 单词（不标注汉语注释）。可以肯定，在2009年的 高考中此类单词依然会出现，且有可能增多。
2008年雅思学术类作文分类
2008年雅思学术类作文分类全球化I n some countries,it isnow possible for people to buy a wide variety of foods transported from all over the world.To what extent do you agree or disagree?International travel is becoming cheaper than before,so more and more countries open their doors to tourists.Do the advantages of the increased tourism outweigh the disadvantages?Because of the global economy,many goods including what we use as daily basic produced by other counties have to be transported for a long distance.To what extent do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?政府投资As the number of cars increases,more money has to be spent on road systems.Some people think the government shouldpay for this.Others,however,think that the user should pay for the cost.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.People should look after their health as a duty to the societythey live in rather than personal benefits.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Economic progress is one way to measure the success of one country,while some people think there are other factors.What other factors should be considered?Within these factors,doyou think anyone is more important?科技发展Some people support the developments in agriculture such as factory farming and creations of new types of fruits and vegetables,while others oppose this view.Discuss both views and give your opinion.M ore and more people work at home and study at home withthe development of computer technology.Do you think it is positive or negative development?文化的因素More and more people now choose to wear the fashionable clothes.Why is it?What are the positive and negative effectsdoes this trend impose on the society?生活方式The older generations have very traditional behaviour. However,some people think that these ideas are not helpful for the young generation to prepare for modern life.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?“Tomorrow is the most important thing in life.”-US movie actor&director John WayneWhy is it important for individuals and countries to think about the future rather than focusing on the present?Many people are busy with work and do not have enough time to spend with families and friends.Why does this happen? What are the effects of this on family life and society as a whole?媒体信息Detailed description of crimes on newspaper and TV can have bad consequences on society,so this kind of information should be restricted on media.To what extent do youagree or disagree with this statement?环境One long-distance flight consumes fuel which a car uses in several years'time,but they cause the same amount of pollution.So some people think that we should discourage non-essential flights,such as tourist travel,rather than to limit the use of cars.To what extent do you agree or disagree withthis view?M any people think cheap air travel should be encouraged because it gives ordinary people freedom to travel further.However,others think this leads to environmental problem,so air travel should be more expensive in order to discourage people from having it.Discussthe both sidesandgive your own opinion.动物M any people think it isvery important to protect environmentbut they make no effort to do it themselves.Why does it happen?How to solve this problem?动物Some people think it is acceptable to use animals for the benefit of humans.Other people think it is wrong to exploit. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.城市化People living in big cities face many problems today.What are the problems?Should the government encourage people to live in regional towns?In some countries,governments are encouraging industries and businesses to move out of large cities and into regional areas.Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?Give reasons for you answer and include examples from your knowledge or experiences.预防犯罪Some people think the best way of reducing crime is to give longer prison sentences.Others,however,think there are other better ways to reduce crime.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.Putting criminals into prisons is not so effective in dealingwith them.Instead,education and job training should be offered to them.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Many people are afraid to leave home because of crime.Some believe that more actions should be taken to prevent crime, but others feel little can be done.What's your view?Society is based on rules and laws.It could not function if individuals were free to do whatever they want.To what extent do you agree or disagree?弱势群体Some countries have an ever-increasing proportion of population who are aged15and younger.What isyour opinionof the current and future effects it may have in those countries?M obile phonesand the I nternet are very useful.However,it israre for old people to use them.What ways could mobile phone and the Internet be useful to old people?How does the old people to be encouraged using this new technology?Students from poor background such as rural areas often find it difficult to access to university education,so people think universities should make it especially easy for them to studyat.To what extent do you agree or disagree?体育Some people believe that the fittest and strongest individualsand teams always success in sports.Others think that success in sports depends on mental attitudes.Discuss bothviews and give your opinions.教育方法和内容Some people believe that time spent on television,video and computer games can be valuable for children.Others believe this has negativeMost countries spend much money on education,as they start to realize the importance of education.I n your opinion whichtwo subjects are the most important for young people and which one is the least important?Subjects:Literature SportsMathematics EconomyPhysics MusicHistory GeographySchool teachers used to be the source of information; however,some people argue that teachers are not as important as before due to the increasing varietyChildren can learn efficiently by watching television,so they should be encouraged to watch television regularly.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Schools should teach children some academic subjects which will be beneficial to their future careers.Therefore,other subjects such as music and sports are not important.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?Some teachers think it is effective for students to study in group while others think it is better to study alone.What arethe benefits of each way and which one do you think is more effective?Many people use distance-learning programmes(studymaterial post,TV,Internet,etc.)to study at home,but some people think that it cannot bring the benefit as much as attending college or university.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?Memorization of information by frequent repetition,namely rote learning,plays a role in many education systems.To what extent do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?儿童教育Some people think that children should obey the rules or do what their parents and teachers want them to do.Other people think that children can’t deal with problem themselves if theyare controlled by adults.Discuss both views and state your own opinion.Some people think modern games can help children todevelop wide range of skills,but other people argue that 中学教育traditional games can be much better for developing such skills.Discuss both views and give your opinion.中学教育In countries where there is a high rate of unemployment,most pupils should be offered only primary education.There is nopoint in offering secondary education to those who have no hope of finding a job.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?大学教育University students always focus on one specialist subject, but some people think universities should encourage their students to study a range of subjects in addition to their own subject.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?Nowadays,more university students choose to study some practical subjects(such as marketing,computer programming, etc.)instead of theoretical subjects(such as economy,math,and chemistry).Some people suggest that universities should focus on practical subjects,but not theoretical subjects.What do you agree or not agree?Some people believe that a country can benefit a lot from university education,while others believe that sending a largepercentage of young students to go to university is the way leading to unemployment.Discussboth views and give your opinion.。
浙江省2008年高考英语作文
The Path to Success: Perseverance andPassionIn the fast-paced world of today, success is often equated with fame, wealth, and status. However, the true essence of success lies beyond these superficial markers.It is the journey of perseverance and passion that truly defines success. This was the theme explored in the 2008 Zhejiang Provincial College Entrance Examination English essay, which asked students to reflect on the meaning of success and the role of perseverance and passion in achieving it.Perseverance is the backbone of success. It is the unwavering determination to keep going despite setbacks and challenges. As Confucius once said, "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." This journey is filled with obstacles and difficulties, but it is perseverance that helps us overcome them. It is the driving force that keeps us going when the going gets tough.Passion, on the other hand, is the fuel that ignites our perseverance. It is the fire in our bellies that drives us to pursue our dreams with fervor and enthusiasm. Passiongives us the motivation to wake up early, stay up late, and put in the extra hours necessary to achieve our goals. Itis the reason why we are willing to sacrifice so much for what we believe in.However, it is not just the combination of perseverance and passion that leads to success. Success also requires a clear understanding of our goals and a plan to achieve them. Without a clear direction, we may find ourselves wandering aimlessly, unable to make any progress. Therefore, it is crucial to have a clear vision of what we want to achieve and a roadmap to get there.Moreover, success often requires us to collaborate and learn from others. No one can achieve everything alone. We need the support and guidance of mentors, teachers, and peers to help us navigate the challenges and opportunities that come our way. By learning from their experiences and sharing our own, we can grow and develop as individuals and as a community.In conclusion, success is not just about achieving our goals but also about the journey we take to get there. Itis about persevering in the face of difficulties, stayingpassionate about our dreams, having a clear vision and plan, and collaborating with others to achieve our objectives. As we embark on this journey, let us remember that success is not final, but a continuous process of growth and development. Let us embrace the challenges andopportunities that come our way with perseverance and passion, and together, we will create a more successful and fulfilling future.**成功之路：毅力和激情**在如今快节奏的社会中，成功往往与名誉、财富和地位相提并论。
2008高考英语满分作文
2008高考英语满分作文As I embarked on the journey of the 2008 Gaokao, the national college entrance examination in China, I was filled with a mixture of excitement and trepidation. The Gaokao is not just an exam; it is a pivotal moment that can determine one's future. For me, it was an opportunity to prove my mettle and to pursue my dreams.The English section of the exam was particularly challenging, but I was well-prepared. My essay, which I am proud to say earned a full score, was on the topic of "The Power of Perseverance." I chose this topic because it resonated with my personal experiences and the values I hold dear.In the essay, I began with an anecdote about Thomas Edison, whose relentless pursuit of innovation led to the invention of the light bulb despite numerous failures. This set the stage for my thesis: that perseverance is the key to overcoming obstacles and achieving success.I then delved into the importance of perseverance in the context of the Gaokao itself. I argued that the rigorous preparation and the countless hours of study required to excel in this exam are a testament to the perseverance of the students. I highlighted the fact that many students face immense pressure, yet they continue to strive for excellence, demonstrating their unwavering determination.Next, I discussed the role of perseverance in the broader scope of life. I mentioned historical figures such as Nelson Mandela, who fought tirelessly against apartheid, and Malala Yousafzai, who advocated for education despite life-threatening opposition. Their stories serve as powerful reminders of the impact that perseverance can have on society.In the conclusion of my essay, I emphasized the universalityof perseverance. I stated that regardless of one's background or circumstances, the ability to persevere through challenges is what separates those who achieve their goals from thosewho do not. I ended with a call to action, encouraging my peers to embrace perseverance as a guiding principle in their lives.The essay was a reflection of my belief in the transformative power of persistence. It was also a personal affirmation ofmy commitment to never give up, no matter how difficult the path may be. Receiving a full score for my essay was an affirmation of the strength of my argument and the clarity of my writing. It was a moment of triumph, not just for my academic achievements, but also for the validation of mybelief in the power of perseverance.。
2008高考英语作文备考教案
2008高考英语作文备考教案Ⅰ. NMET书面表达第五项要求1. 覆盖所有的语言要点。
内容要点可用不同方式表达。
对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。
2. 应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性。
值得注意的是语法结构或词汇方面虽有些许错误, 但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致; 具备较强的语言运用能力。
3.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。
Ⅱ. 常见的不足1 汉语式英语2 无过渡语3 句式单一,平铺直叙Ⅲ. 如何增强书面表达效果●使用较高级的词汇●使用恰当的连接词●使用较丰富的句式一、怎样使用较高级的词汇1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.2. We all think he is a great man.3. Suddenly I thought out a good idea.4. The students there needn’t pay for their books.5. As a result the plan was a failure.6. When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow.7. She went to Austria in order to study music.8. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited.9.In our school, there are twenty-six classrooms.10. You can find my house easily.二、怎样使用恰当的连接词连接词使文章语意通顺，前后衔接紧密，可采用以下方法：提示1：恰当使用关联词，如when，so，if，because，so that等。
提示2：巧妙使用意思有联系的词或短语，如First, Second, Third, Soon, What’s more, As a result等。
2008北京高考英语作文
2008北京高考英语作文Title: Reflections on the 2008 Beijing Gaokao English EssayIn 2008, thousands of high school students in Beijing sat for the Gaokao, a high-stakes exam that would determine their future. One of the key components of the exam was the English essay, a task that required students to showcase their language skills and critical thinking abilities. As a participant of the exam, I would like to reflect on my experience with the 2008 Beijing Gaokao English essay.The essay prompt for that year was centered around the theme of environmental conservation. Students were asked to discuss the importance of protecting the environment and suggest ways to address environmental issues. The topic was relevant and thought-provoking, urging us to consider our impact on the planet and what we could do to make a difference.I remember feeling a sense of responsibility as I approached the essay task. I knew that my words had the power to influence my score and future opportunities. I carefully crafted my arguments, drawing upon both personal experiences and factual evidence to support my points. I highlighted the consequences of environmental degradation and proposed solutions such asreducing carbon emissions, promoting renewable energy sources, and implementing stricter environmental policies.Writing the essay was a challenging yet rewarding experience. It tested my ability to express complex ideas in a concise and coherent manner. I had to think critically about the issue at hand, consider different perspectives, and present a well-rounded argument. It was a test not only of my language skills but also of my ability to analyze and synthesize information.After completing the essay, I felt a sense of accomplishment.I had poured my heart and soul into my writing, and I believed that my words had the power to make a difference. I felt proud of myself for tackling such a daunting task and rising to the occasion.Looking back on the 2008 Beijing Gaokao English essay, I realize that it was more than just an academic exercise. It was an opportunity for me to reflect on my values and beliefs, to voice my concerns about the world we live in, and to propose meaningful solutions. It was a chance for me to demonstrate my ability to think critically and communicate effectively, skills that would serve me well in the years to come.In conclusion, the 2008 Beijing Gaokao English essay was a challenging yet valuable experience that tested my language skills, critical thinking abilities, and capacity to make a difference. It was an opportunity for me to engage with important issues and showcase my ability to articulate my thoughts and ideas. As I look back on that exam, I am grateful for the opportunity it provided me to grow and learn, and I am proud of the essay I wrote that day.。
2008年高考全国二卷英语作文
2008年高考全国二卷英语作文Unfortunately, I do not have access to questions from the 2008 National College Entrance Examination. However, I can provide you with a sample essay based on the typical topics covered in the English exam. Here is an example of a sample essay that may have been tested in the 2008 exam:Title: The Importance of EducationEducation plays a crucial role in shaping a person's future and the development of a society. It is often said that education is the key to success and the foundation of a prosperous nation. In this essay, we will explore the significance of education and discuss why it is essential for individuals and societies to invest in it.First and foremost, education provides individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed in life. Through education, people are exposed to a wide range of subjects and disciplines that broaden their horizons and stimulate their intellectual curiosity. Education equips individuals with the tools they need to think critically, solve problems, and make informed decisions. In today's fast-paced and competitive world, a goodeducation is essential for securing well-paying jobs and achieving personal and professional success.Moreover, education is the key to social mobility and a means of breaking the cycle of poverty. Studies have shown that individuals with higher levels of education are more likely to enjoy better health, higher incomes, and improved quality of life. By investing in education, governments can help create a more equal society where everyone has the opportunity to fulfill their potential and contribute to the common good. Education is a powerful tool for promoting social justice, reducing inequality, and fostering economic growth.Furthermore, education plays a vital role in promoting tolerance, understanding, and peace in society. By teaching students about the value of diversity, the importance of empathy, and the need for cooperation, education can help build a more harmonious and inclusive community. Education encourages individuals to engage with different perspectives, challenge stereotypes, and embrace cultural differences. In a world that is increasingly interconnected and interdependent, education is essential for fostering global citizenship and promoting mutual respect among people from different backgrounds.In conclusion, education is a fundamental human right and a cornerstone of a progressive society. It empowers individuals to reach their full potential, enhances social mobility, and promotes peace and understanding. As we look towards the future, it is clear that investing in education is one of the best ways to build a better world for ourselves and future generations. Let us work together to ensure that every person has access to quality education and the opportunity to thrive in the 21st century.。
2008高考书面表达高分技巧
高考书面表达高分技巧新颁布的普通高中《英语课程标准（实验稿）》明确指出，写作的目的是通过对学生激活灵感、激发兴趣、整理思路、组织素材、规划结构、谴词造句等基本写作技能的培养，使他们能表达事实、观点、情感、想象力、交流信息，培养规范的写作习惯……。
与以往的《英语教学大纲》中规定的能在日常生活中，写简单的书信和通知，书写格式和行文，以及词语无严重错误的要求相比，新课程标准规定的写作要求提高了一个新的层次，更加突出了对某篇布局、谴词造句、情感表达的要求。
本文根据高考英语对写作的新要求，谈谈获得高分的高考英语书面表达的五大特性。
一、条理性条理性是指要合理布局文章结构，首先，在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有条理性。
例如：题目要求写一篇叙述文，可以按照事情发展的先后顺序来写;若介绍某一场所，可按照空间顺序来安排行文顺序；若是一篇议论文，就应该按照所议论观点的顺序来安排结构。
全文应首尾呼应，前后相联。
其次，根据需要安排好段落、各段之间要层次分明，每一段落的开头和结尾也要重视，开头语往往是起始句，结尾往往是总结句。
例如：2001年高考英语书面表达范文：Dear Dick,How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China. In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums and taking computer lessons. In the eveningsI can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What’s more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.Best wishes!YoursLi Hua二、准确性准确性是指要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，但是不少考生由于受汉语思维习惯的影响，在写作时不自觉地产生不规范的表达。
2008高考英语江西作文
2008高考英语江西作文Prompt: Write an essay of about 120 words on the following topic:Title: The Most Unforgettable Person in My LifeEssay:Throughout my life, I have met many people, but oneindividual stands out as the most unforgettable – my high school English teacher, Mr. Li. His dedication and passionfor teaching have had a profound impact on my life.Mr. Li was not just a teacher; he was a mentor and a friend. He had a unique way of making English classes engaging and enjoyable. He would often incorporate games and interactive activities that made learning a language fun rather than a chore. His lessons were not confined to textbooks; he would bring in articles, videos, and music to expose us to the richness of English culture.What I admired most about Mr. Li was his patience and his ability to motivate us. He never gave up on any student, no matter how challenging they might be. He would spend extra time after school helping those who were struggling, and his encouragement was the driving force that helped many of us toexcel.Mr. Li also inspired us to dream big and to believe in our potential. He often shared stories of successful people who had overcome obstacles through perseverance and hard work. His words were not just words; they were seeds that he planted in our minds, which grew into a strong desire to achieve our goals.In conclusion, Mr. Li is the most unforgettable person in my life because he taught me not only the language of English but also the language of life. His influence has shaped my character and aspirations, and I will always be grateful for the lessons he imparted.Note: The essay above is a fictional composition based on the prompt provided. The 2008 Gaokao English Composition in Jiangxi would have had a different prompt, and this essay is created to illustrate a response to a hypothetical topic.。
2008高考英语开放式作文答题思路例与析
3-18岁纯英式素质教育领航者：纯英式资深外教，纯英式国际领先教材，纯英式学习环境！优尼全能英语：2008高考英语开放式作文答题思路例与析2008高考英语开放式作文答题思路例与析随着高考英语的改革，英语作文的命题更具有开放性。
开放式作文不同于书面表达，书面表达往往给出较为详细的提示，考生只需把提示要点转译成英语，加上一些适当的连接词连接上下文就行了，所以书面表达常有参考范文。
而开放式作文只给出主题或两三点提示，由考生去发挥、构思，考生的思路是不同的，写出来的文章当然不会是一样的，所以开放式作文没有参考范文。
开放式作文的答题思路与汉语作文非常相像。
首先要明确主题，然后根据主题搭建文章的主体结构，即写作提纲，接着进行文章血肉的填充。
在拟写作提纲时，要突出主题，有层次，先写什么，后写什么，要层次分明。
下面我们结合例题，对开放式作文答题思路作一说明，以飨考生。
[例1]根据下面的提示，用英语写一篇120词左右的短文。
吉姆毕业后想去找工作，他的第一次就业面试失败了，但他学到了许多东西。
(用记叙文体裁)思路分析：本篇作文的要求要写成记叙文。
吉姆毕业后想找工作，在写作时，写什么工作都行。
他的第一次就业面试失败，应是记叙的主要部分。
面试一定要回答有关问题，吉姆肯定要准备一些问题。
由面试失败，问题主要出在回答问题上，可能是答非所问，也可能是太紧张，回答得不得体，或没有回答上来。
所学到的教训可以是人际交往方面的问题，如微笑、举手投足、态度、机智，也可以是心理素质方面的问题。
例文：After graduation Jim wanted to be a teacher. But he failed in his interview with the school principal. It was in the early morning that Jim went for the interview. Before he went there, Jim had been well prepared. He had worked out a list of questions that might be put to him. And then, he had carefully prepared the answers. Besides, he practised answering for quite some time. But when he was faced with the principal, he forgot all about the answers. He found the questions easy; however, all he was doing was stuttering and stammering. Later Jim said it wasn’t the questions that failed him but the looks on the principal’s face. He didn’t smile at all. So Jim learned something from his failure.[1][2][3][4]下一页。
公开阅读2008年高考英语作文写作的一些实用技巧
20XX年全国高考模拟参考部分20XX年高考英语作文写作的一些实用技巧（一）掌握技巧：（1）注意篇章结构，合理布局开始部分（opening paragraph）——说出文中的要点、核心问题。
正文部分（Body paragraphs）——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。
结尾部分（concluding paragraphs）——对全文的总结和概括。
要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。
前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容.（2）确定主题句主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。
它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。
通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。
写主题句应注意以下几点：①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点②提炼出一句具有概括性的话③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。
（二）巧用连接词要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词表示罗列增加First, second, third,First, then / next, after that / next, finallyFor one thing … for another…,On (the) one hand…on the other hand,Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another /also,Especially / In particular,表示时间顺序now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment from now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,表示解释说明now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover furthermore, in fact, actually表示转折关系but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,表示并列关系or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor表示因果关系because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that表示条件关系as (so) long as, on condition that, if , unless表示让步关系though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)表示举例for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example表示比较be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with(to)…just like, just as,表示目的for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,表示强调in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all,表示概括归纳in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion,（三）掌握常用句型：里面有很多，下面只列举比较常用的。
2008高考英语作文
2008高考英语作文Introduction:In the year 2008, the high school entrance examination, known as the "Gaokao" in China, was a pivotal moment for many students as it determined their future academic and career paths. The English composition section of the exam was particularly challenging, as it tested students' language proficiency, creativity, and their ability to express complex ideas in a coherent and engaging manner.Body Paragraph 1:The essay prompt for the 2008 Gaokao English composition was "My View on the Olympic Games." This topic was timely and relevant, as the Beijing Olympics were scheduled to take place later that year. Students were expected to discusstheir perspectives on the significance of the Olympics, its impact on society, and how it could foster international understanding and cooperation.Body Paragraph 2:Many students chose to focus on the positive aspects of the Olympics, such as the promotion of peace and unity among nations. They highlighted how the Games brought together athletes from diverse backgrounds to compete in a spirit of friendship and respect. Others emphasized the economicbenefits and the opportunity for cultural exchange thathosting the Olympics provided.Body Paragraph 3:However, some students also addressed the potential drawbacks of the Olympics, including the financial burden on the hostcity and the environmental impact of large-scale construction projects. They argued for the need to balance the desire to host such an event with the long-term sustainability andwell-being of the community.Body Paragraph 4:The composition also required students to demonstrate their ability to use a range of vocabulary and sentence structures. They were encouraged to use complex sentences, idiomatic expressions, and advanced grammar to convey their thoughts effectively. The use of transition words and phrases wascrucial to create a smooth flow of ideas throughout the essay. Conclusion:The 2008 Gaokao English composition was a comprehensive testof students' writing skills. It not only evaluated their language proficiency but also their critical thinking andtheir capacity to engage with current events. The essays written by students that year reflected a wide range of opinions and showcased the depth of their understanding ofthe topic.Final Thoughts:Reflecting on the 2008 Gaokao English composition, it is clear that it served as a platform for students to express their views on a significant global event. It also underscored the importance of English as a language that enables communication and understanding across different cultures and nations.。
高考英语备考写作之分类突破讲座1
语鹅市安置阳光实验学校高考备考“经典写作”之分类突破讲座1中文提示、翻译重组I．实战点睛梅陇中学特训班辅导资料一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序(一)汉译英应试原则手法灵活(如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达)语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删)语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样)(二)汉译英基本程序1.理解通读并透彻理解原文含义2.翻译确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词3.审校首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译;其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。
发现错误，及时改正。
二、英语基本句型结构与汉译英的基本方法在进行汉译英过程中，有时会觉得无从下手，因为乍看英语句子错综复杂，千变万化，短句短到只一个字，长句长达几行，担心翻译出来的英语句子要么结构不对，不地道，要么意义不准确。
其实，就英语的句子结构而言，是有规律可循的，掌握这一规律，就掌握了翻译重要的第一步。
简单说来，英语句子就是以下五种基本句型的扩大与缩小。
（1）S＋V（主语＋谓语）This good weather won't last．这种好天气不会持久的。
（2）S＋V＋P（主语＋谓语＋表语）Sometimes she is not clever enough．她有时很蠢。
（3）S＋V＋O（主语＋谓语＋宾语）Writing makes an exact man．写作使人精确。
（4）S＋V＋O＋O（主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）She promised us a gift 她答应送我们一件礼物。
（5）S＋V＋O＋OC（主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补）That news made her happy．那条消息使她很高兴。
这五个基本句型，要时刻做到心中有数。
动笔之前，仔细阅读原句，确切理解原句内容，抓住全句中心，搞清楚各个部分之间的关系。
四川省成都市新都一中高考英语备考“经典写作”之分类突破讲座
高考备考“经典写作”之分类突破讲座调查讨论观点纷呈（对比类写作要点）四川省成都市新都一中I．实战点睛对比类写作已成为英语书面表达中一个非常重要的形式。
1999年高考题要求学生根据所给画介绍学校三年间的新变化；2001年高考题要求学生比较减负前后的学习情况；2002年高考题要求学生比较“公园要不要收门票”的两种不同观点；2004年北京春季高考要求学生根据所给图画比较过去和现在的生活变化情况。
不管在工作学习中还是在日常生活中，对比是人们分析问题和解决问题的重要方法和手段，这就不难理解为什么对比类写作是高考写作中的一个重要形式。
对比类写作一般有两种方式：一是集中比较或对比（集中说明一个对象的诸种特征）；二是逐点比较或对比（一条一条地说明两者的异同）。
对比类写作可以大致分为以下几种：★◐★一、今昔对比在作今昔对比时，要注意时态的变化。
谈到过去的情况要用过去时态（主要是一般过去时），谈到现在的情况要用现在时态（主要是一般现在时）。
今昔对比的写作格式是：开头（提出什么事情发生了变化）→对具体事例作对比→结论。
写作方式既可采用集中比较，也可采用逐点比较。
在写作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章：1. 开头常用句型(1) Great changes have taken place. 发生了巨大变化。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last five year.Quite a few changes have taken place in my school since you left China.Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life.(2) Things have begun to improve since…自从……以来，事情有了好转/改善。
高考英语备考“经典写作”之分类突破讲座
高考备考“经典写作”之分类突破讲座第一辑：调查讨论观点纷呈（对比类写作要点）四川省成都市新都一中张世明I．实战点睛对比类写作已成为英语书面表达中一个非常重要的形式。
1999年高考题要求学生根据所给画介绍学校三年间的新变化；2001年高考题要求学生比较减负前后的学习情况；2002年高考题要求学生比较“公园要不要收门票”的两种不同观点；2004年北京春季高考要求学生根据所给图画比较过去和现在的生活变化情况。
不管在工作学习中还是在日常生活中，对比是人们分析问题和解决问题的重要方法和手段，这就不难理解为什么对比类写作是高考写作中的一个重要形式。
对比类写作一般有两种方式：一是集中比较或对比（集中说明一个对象的诸种特征）；二是逐点比较或对比（一条一条地说明两者的异同）。
对比类写作可以大致分为以下几种：★◐★一、今昔对比在作今昔对比时，要注意时态的变化。
谈到过去的情况要用过去时态（主要是一般过去时），谈到现在的情况要用现在时态（主要是一般现在时）。
今昔对比的写作格式是：开头（提出什么事情发生了变化）→对具体事例作对比→结论。
写作方式既可采用集中比较，也可采用逐点比较。
在写作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章：1. 开头常用句型(1) Great changes have taken place. 发生了巨大变化。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last five year.Quite a few changes have taken place in my school since you left China.Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life.(2) Things have begun to improve since…自从……以来，事情有了好转/改善。
2008高考英语书面表达高分秘诀
2008高考英语书面表达高分秘诀第一，写好句子1) 熟悉并掌握形成完整句子的基本框架结构。
我们知道，单词、语法是学习、掌握和运用语言的基础，然而只靠它们拼凑句子是远远不够的，耗时费力不说，拼凑出来的也多是汉语式的英语，很不地道。
因此，考生平时必须牢记所学过的“固定搭配”及“词组句型”，并会活用。
写句子要注意以下几点：（1）主谓要一致；（2）正确使用动词的时态、语态、语气；（3）名词的格要与代词的格一致；（4)句子结构成分完整，特别注意不要漏掉或添加成分。
2)一个句子一个重心，句意清楚，合乎逻辑。
3)句子开头首字母要大字，句末要使用正确的英语标点符号。
第二．组句成文一般说来，文章可以通过句子的进展和句子之间的各种结合来构成。
1)熟悉并掌握表示并列、递进、转折等关系的过渡词(transitional words)。
例如：并列关系：and, as well as, also…递进关系：besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more…转折关系：but, yet, however, although, otherwise, or, in spite of, despite, instead of, in the end…时间顺序：while, when, soon after, before, afterward, finally, first, then, next, as soon as …比较、对比：like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand…总结in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all,generally speaking…进一步阐述：in other words, that is to say, for example, for instance, such as …因果关系：as a result, so, thus, therefore…2) 明确表达文章主题，内容要点全面，不要节外生枝。
2008年高考英语基础写作指导(VII)
２００８年高考英语基础写作指导（ＶＩＩ）如何写出漂亮句子一、掌握简单句的五种基本句型基础写作由于内容是被规定了的，发挥的空间不大，得分点主要落在句型上。
写出好句型的第一步就是要掌握简单句的五个基本句型。
1. 主语＋谓语（不及物动词）这种句型常与副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等状语一起连用。
如：Birds sing beautifully.We stopped to have a rest.2. 主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语做宾语的可以是名词、代词、动词不定式、动词的-ing 形式等。
如：I like music.I enjoy reading.3. 主语＋系动词＋表语最常见的系动词是be，此外还有：(1)“感官”类feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等；(2)“变化”类become, get,grow, turn, go等；(3)“保持”类remain, keep, hold, stay, rest 等。
做表语的通常是形容词或名词等。
如：She is beautiful.He became angry. (注意：这里不能用angrily)4. 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语（表示人）＋直接宾语（表示物）表示人的宾语放在前面时，两个宾语之间不需要添加介词。
如：My grandparents sent me some books.My parents bought me a pair of shoes.如果表示物的宾语放在前面，则两个宾语之间要加to或for。
如：My grandparents sent some books to me.My parents bought a pair of shoes for me.注意：(1)表示人的宾语前加to 的常用动词有allow, bring, deny, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。
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2008高考英语备考经典写作之分类突破讲座第二辑：中文提示、翻译重组I．实战点睛一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序(一)汉译英应试原则手法灵活(如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达)语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删) 语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样)(二)汉译英基本程序1.理解通读并透彻理解原文含义2.翻译确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词3.审校首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译;其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。
发现错误，及时改正。
二、英语基本句型结构与汉译英的基本方法在进行汉译英过程中，有时会觉得无从下手，因为乍看英语句子错综复杂，千变万化，短句短到只一个字，长句长达几行，担心翻译出来的英语句子要么结构不对，不地道，要么意义不准确。
其实，就英语的句子结构而言，是有规律可循的，掌握这一规律，就掌握了翻译重要的第一步。
简单说来，英语句子就是以下五种基本句型的扩大与缩小。
（1）S＋V（主语＋谓语）This good weather won't last．这种好天气不会持久的。
（2）S＋V＋P（主语＋谓语＋表语）Sometimes she is not clever enough．她有时很蠢。
（3）S＋V＋O（主语＋谓语＋宾语）Writing makes an exact man．写作使人精确。
（4）S＋V＋O＋O（主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）She promised us a gift 她答应送我们一件礼物。
（5）S＋V＋O＋OC（主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补）That news made her happy．那条消息使她很高兴。
这五个基本句型，要时刻做到心中有数。
动笔之前，仔细阅读原句，确切理解原句内容，抓住全句中心，搞清楚各个部分之间的关系。
然后把句子缩小了再缩小，缩小到只剩下以上五个基本句型中的主要成分。
先心译，再笔译。
在心译过程中，从基本句型开始，一步步扩大句子，添加修饰成分，直至完整，再笔译。
现举数例：三、汉译英长句翻译的基本方法基本方法●合并法●正译法和反译法●倒置法●插入法●合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。
汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。
所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句Case 1●没有农业，人类便不能生存，社会生产也就不能继续下去。
●译：But for agriculture, man could not exist, nor could social production proceed. 正译法和反译法●这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。
所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。
所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。
正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。
因此比较地道。
Case 1●在美国，人人都能买到枪。
●译1：In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译)●译2：In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译)Case 2●他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。
●译1：He still could not understand me. (正译)●译2：Still he failed to understand me. (反译)倒置法●在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。
倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。
有时倒置法也用于汉译英。
Case 1●改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。
●译：Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reformand opening policy.Case 2●我原来计划今年二月访问美国，后来不得不推迟，这使我感到很扫兴。
●译：It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I hadintended to pay to U.S. in February.插入法●指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。
这种方法主要用于笔译中。
偶尔也用于口译中，即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。
Case●如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的“带来灾难性的影响”，那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难，做出决策。
●译：If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madamput it, “disastrous effects,” we will face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision. (用前后逗号插入信息）II．高考真题体验假设你是李华，你的美国老师Miss Morgan要求你们明天下午去听一个美国历史的讲座。
你因故不能参加。
请你根据以下要点，写一封短信向Miss Morgan请假。
内容要点：*表示歉意*理由：去机场接人*询问：是否有录音，以便补听讲座注意：1. 词数：100左右2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯Dear Miss Morgan,I am so sorry that I won’t be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon. My uncle is returning home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.I am very much interested in American society and history. I wonder if it is possible for the talk to be recorded, and if so, could I borrow the tape? It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk.Yours sincerelyLi HuaBob来信谈到了他所居住的城市，注意：1．回信中不能使用“江城”以外的地名。
2．词数100左右。
信的开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入词数。
参考词汇：经济economy n．Dear Bob，It's very kind of you to write me and let me know about your beautiful city. NowI'd like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.The city stands on the bank of the Changjiang River. It is a beautiful place forpeople to live in. Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. New factories, houses and roads have been built. More schools and hospitals are availablefor its people. However, there are still some problems, such as water and air pollutionand heavy traffic in rush hours. In my opinion, Jiangcheng should develop its economy scientifically. I would also think that the growth of its population should be broughtunder control so that we'll have a better hometown in future.Yours,Xiaohua假设你是李华，加拿大一所学校将于今年暑假组织学生来你校访问。
其间，Andy Smith将借住你家。
请你代表全家写信给Andy，欢迎他的到来，并告知有关事宜。
信的要点如下：※上午：学校活动※下午：游览市区※晚上：看电视，玩游戏，聊天注意：1．词数：100左右2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯3，参考词汇：安排—arrangeDear Andy,I am glad to learn that you are coming to China and will stay at my home.My parents and I are very pleased to have you with us. Now let me tell you whatwe have arranged for you. I know the school will organize a lot of things for you todo in the morning, but in the afternoon, I’ll show you around and take you to someplaces of interest. We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. I’m sure we’ll have a wonderful time and enjoy each other’s company.I’m looking forward very much to meeting you soon.Yours sincerely,Li Hua假设你是李华，你的美国老师Miss Morgan要求你们明天下午去听一个美国历史的讲座。