英语作文高考讲座

书面表达

一、书面表达的考察范围及能力要求

着重考查学生运用所学语言知识与技能来表达思想、进行交际的能力。以书面的形式进行信息沟通、再现生活经历、描述周围事物、发表意见和观点。

书面表达题对考生的要求：完成试题规定的任务；覆盖所有内容要点；应用较多的语法结构和词汇；具备较强的语言运用能力；有效使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑、语言规范。书写时，要注意大小写及书写工整。

体裁和题材稳中有变。话题贴近学生生活，人人有话可说，有感可发，且发挥空间大。话题突出交际性和实用性。

二、作文评分依据：

第五档（21-25分）

完全完成了试题规定的任务。

1．覆盖所有内容要点，并合理地展开。

2．应用了较复杂的语法结构和高级词汇。

3．语法结构和词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致，具备较强的语言运用能力。简单句和复合句交叉使用；主动语态为主，适度穿插被动语态；三大从句和三种非谓语动词灵活使用；特殊句式（感叹、强调、倒装）的使用

4．有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。

5．完全达到了预期的写作目的。

一个比喻说明一份作文：盖框架结构的楼房所用的材料

沙子（普通实用的词汇）

水泥（审题，谋篇，石子（高级词汇词组搭配）

布局，过渡，衔接）钢筋（句型结构从句谚语）三、高考英语作文的评分过程

高考英语作文的阅卷是一项艰苦、细致，需要耐心和爱心的工作。平均每一分钟评阅一份作文，还要在不同的6个地方签名；评阅每一份试卷：既要保证阅卷工作的顺利进行，又不能草三潦四。因此，阅卷工作非常辛苦。所以每一位考生都应该为阅卷老师考虑，认真阅读考题说明，正规书写，规范答题，让阅卷老师在评阅你的作文时，不仅称道你高超的语言水平，还赞美你漂亮、优雅的书写。如果是这样一篇内容和形式完美结合的作文，即使有一点不足，老师也会给你一个高分；相反，你语言功底一般，书写又杂乱，又怎能唤起老师的一片爱心呢？

?21-25, 漂漂亮亮16-20, 像模像样11-15, 马马虎虎

6-10, 糊里糊涂0-5, 一塌糊涂

一篇优秀作文是内容和形式的完美统一。老师在阅卷的时候，眼光一般会从这样的几个方面切入：

1、篇幅。英语作文的答题纸，一般会提供15个横线格，平均每行写单词10个左右，把格基本写满或略剩一、二，就是正常的篇幅，过短的作文肯定是理由不充分或是信息不全，过长则让人生厌，而且还耽误考生自己的做题时间。。

2、书写。书写要规范，卷面要整洁。评卷细则规定，书写较差，以至于影响交际，将分数降低一个档次给分。

3、格式。无论是哪种体裁的作文，其写作的基本格式是：明确观点，陈述理由，总结扣题，即三段式作文法。

4、适当的连接词。段与段之间过渡是否自然，一致或相反的理由之间是否有恰当的关联词。

5、语言的基本功。字母的大小写、单词的拼写、标点符号、习惯用语和句型的使用等，最重要的是第一句一定要避免错误。四、巧用连接词，增加作文亮点

连接词作为一篇作文的逻辑纽带，主要在句子和句子之间，段落和段落之间起着承上启下的桥梁作用，使句子、段落和篇章保持逻辑上的关联和语义上的连贯。连接词按语义划分为以下最常见的几种类型：

First, then, finally, at last, soon, suddenly, immediately, meanwhile, the moment, while, as soon as等。

2、表示空间顺序的词语：

On the right/left, to the right/left of, on one side of——on the other side of, at the top/foot/end of, in the middle /centre of, here, there, next to等。

3、表示递进关系的连接词语：

Besides, moreover, worse still, above all, what's more, in addition, to make matters worse, furthermore, what’s more/worse 等。

4、表示转折关系的连接词语：

But, however, though, otherwise, nevertheless, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等。

5、表示是因果关系的连接词语：

so, therefore, thus, consequently, as, as a result, owing to, thanks to, due to, because of, as a consequence, on account of 等。

In short ,to sum up, last but not least, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole, in brief, all in all, to conclude等。

7、表示强调的连接词语：

Indeed, in fact, especially, no doubt, obviously, definitely, absolutely, certainly等。

8、表示个人观点的连接词：

Personally, in one's opinion, in the view of sb, in one's view等。

五、英语书面表达的注意事项

1、英语书面表达是对考生英语能力的综合测试，包括世界观的问题。因此，考生在写作的过程当中，应注意弘扬正气，鞭挞落后，反映社会的进步思想，推动社会的发展。因此，一篇消极、悲观、落后的作文是不会获得到阅卷老师的青睐的。

2、要注意书写规范。整洁规范的书写是英语能力的综合体现，也是考生良好学习习惯的体现，是不造成感情失分的关键。

3、注意篇幅，卷面整洁。英语作文要求120—150字，明显不足的，会被从总分中扣去2分。书写潦草或卷面涂改严重而影响意思理解，将作文降低一档（5分）给分。

4、注意作文的格式。无论什么体裁的作文，尽量采用三段式作文，简洁清楚、层次分明。

1）第一段，简明扼要地引出话题，一般两三句话即可。开篇常用下列句式或短语： As we all know, It's known to all that, Nowadays, At present, As everyone knows, It's widely acknowledged that, etc。

2)第二段是文章的中心部分，需要详细讲解说明文章的内容，篇幅应长于第一段。可以使用下列短语陈述相同的观点或理由：Firstly——furthermore, what's more, in addition, as well as, besides——finally等。表达相反的观点或理由时，可选择使用下

列短语:Every coin has two sides, on the one hand, on the other hand; on the contrary，however, but等。

3)第三段收尾，运用两到三句话作简略总结，呼应开篇。经常使用的短语的短语是 :In conclusion, In short, In my opinion, Generally speaking, All in all等。

适当的连词的使用，会增加作文的亮点，第一和第三段各写三、两句话，第二段写出三、四个理由或事实也就足够了，切忌过长过乱。

六、安徽卷近九年来的书面表达

2006：体裁：书信词数：100左右

主要内容：感谢帮助；请求邮寄词典（原因，位置，付费方式）

2007：体裁：书信词数：100左右

主要内容：赞同共同创办一份中学生英文刊物，提出你喜欢的栏目并简要说明理由。

2008：体裁：书信词数：100左右

主要内容：感谢关注环保袋，介绍相关情况并谈谈你的感想。

2009：假设你正在参加全省中学生英语演讲比赛，请你针对有些父母经常翻看孩子日记或书包这一现象，写一篇演讲稿，陈述你的观点。演讲稿的主要内容应包括：认为同学们不必为此苦恼；希望能够体谅父母的苦衷；建议与父母进行交流和沟通。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

2010：体裁：议论文类型：半开放

假设你将参加某英语杂志社开展的一次征文活动，征文的内容要求你

在电视、手机（cell）和网络三者中，放弃其中一个并陈述理由。请你以“Which would you give up: TV, cell, or Web?”为题，写一篇英语短文。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

2011年作文

某校英文报开辟了一个专栏：Experience。本期话题是如何解决学习中遇到的困难。请你以“My Approach to Difficulties in Learning”为题，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈自己的一些做法。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.短文中不能出现本人相关信息。

2012年作文：

假设美国某中学的学生明天来你校访问交流，主题是高中生对文，理科的选择。请你用英语写一篇发言稿，向他们介绍你所做的选择，并说明选择的理由。

注意：

1.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；

2.词数120左右；

3.短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息。

参考词汇：文科arts;理科:science

2013年安徽卷

假设你校英语社团举办以“讲求文明，从我做起”为主题的征文活动，请你以“On the Way to School”为题，写一篇英语短文。

内容主要包括：1.遵守交通法规；

2.注意举止文明。

注意：1.词数120左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息；

4.短文的题目已为你拟好，不计入总词数

写作指导：

首先要审清题意，乍一看标题很多考生会认为on the way to school 是记叙文，所以会写自己上学路上的所见所闻，其实不然，如果仔细审题，就会发现考试的要求是让考生写一篇关于“守交规、讲文明”的征文，而on the way to school 只是这些文明行为的地点范围而已，所以审清题目后考生要记住关键点：上学路上(而非其他地方的或范范而谈)的交规遵守和文明行为。

其次是列提纲，考生首先要作一个outline。第一段：lead in to the topic。第二段：observe the traffic rules and civilized behavior。第三段：conclusion。当然提纲的后面还应该有一些key words and phrases，比如第一段inappropriate behaviors are often seen, people pay no attention, dangerous, city image等等。尤其重要的是主体部分第二段需要更加详

细地列举出一些subtitle。

接下来就是正式写作了。（如果时间允许，还可以拟草稿。）要参照之前作的提纲，然后按照语法规则和语言感觉进行串联，连词成句，连句成篇。在此过程中，要特别注意时态的选择。不能随意使用时态。

最后，润色加工。对于已经写好的篇章进行检查，看是否有明显的拼写和语法错误。另外，对于一些普通句型的改造靓化会使作文增色不少。比如用it作形式主语的句子，which引导非限定性定语从句，部分倒装句的使用，适度使用，大有裨益。

范文

These days,breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment. Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone. As for me, it should start on the way to school.

I will keep/bear traffic rules in mind all the way. If I ride a bicycle, I’ll always keep to the right an d never cross a road until the traffic light turns green. If I walk, I’ll never forget to use the pedestrian crossing. Meanwhile, I’ll regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy. Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere, I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.

I hope my behavior will make a difference/count. I wish more people behave better./I appeal to/call on all people to create a fantastic world.

2014全国新课标I(安徽省考试说明)

第二节书面表达（满分25分）

假定你是李华，计划暑假间去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况（箭头所指内容）

注意：1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3．参考词汇：住宿-accommodation

【参考范文】

Dear Sir/ Madam,

I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation. I’ve read your ad, and I’d like to know something more about your six-week English course.

First when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week? Besides, I wish there would not be too many students in a class. I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included. Would there be host family or university dormitory?

I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours faithfully,

Li Hua

?2014安徽省:

?为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了“HEART-TO-HEART”专栏。假设你是该栏目的编辑Jamie,收到

署名为Worried 的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：近日容易发脾气，使正常的学习和生活受到了影响。请用英文

给该同学写封回信。

?内容要点如下：1.表示理解并给予安慰。2.提出建议并说明理由。

?词数：120 开头以为你拟好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：temper n.脾气，情绪

?Hi Worried,

?I’m sorry to know that you are having a bad time at the moment.

七、考生作文一般错在哪里

1.审题不仔细，遗漏要点；

2.过渡不自然，单纯翻译；

3.逻辑不恰当，有悖常理；

4.表达不丰富，结构单调；

5.语言不地道，汉式思维；

6.用词不贴切，缺乏积累；

7.语法不正确，错误不断；

8.书写不规范，多词少词。

漂亮的短语

make a difference to the world

attract= appeal to sb

appeal to sb to do sth= call on sb to do sth

Attach importance to sth.

attractive= appealing

Compared to computers, mobile phone are more convenient.

facing=faced with= confronted with difficulties

we should be willing to challenge ourselves.

A bright future is awaiting us.

Wait for= await

It is high time that sb did sth

洋味十足的表达：

Highlight, demanding, profound, awesome, for the sake of/

considering sth.

Be bound to do sth. /be bound for playoffs

There is no denying that…

What pops into your mind when you think about Greenland?

高级词汇

1．occur 替换think of

Suddenly I had a n idea that someone had broken into my house. →

An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.

It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.

2．devote替换spend

He spends all his spare time in reading. →

He devotes all his spare time to reading.

3．seek替换want / look for

They sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees.

4．average 替换ordinary

I’m an average ( ordinary ) student.

5．but替换very

The film we saw last night was very interesting. →

The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.

The film we saw last night was anything but/far from boring.

6．seat 替换sit

On his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried.

7．suppose 替换should

He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.

8．appreciate 替换thank

Thank you very much for you help. →

We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated.

9．the case替换true

I don’t think it is the case ( true ).

10．On加名词替换as soon as

As soon as he arrived, he began his research. →

On his arrival, he began his research..

11．due to替换because of

He arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm.

12．cover替换walk/read

After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.

13．contribute to替换be helpful/useful

Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. →

Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.

14．round the corner 替换coming soon/ nearby

① The summer vacation is round the corner/is drawing nearer. ( coming). Do you have

any plans?

② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby).

15．come to light替换discover

The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →

The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.

16．have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself

After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ).

17．come up with替换think of

Jack is very clever. He often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas.

18．set aside替换save

Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. 19．be of + n. 替换adj.

The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China. 20．refer to 替换talk about/of, mention

The professor you referred to (talked about ) is very famous.

21．can not but / can not help but替换have to do

I could not but (had to) go home.

22．more often than not替换usually

More often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed. 23．lest替换so that /in order that

I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. →

I wrote down his telephone number lest I (should) forget it.

24．long for sth. / long to do sth. 替换want to do sth./wish for

I want to see you very much. →

I long to see you.

25．be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to/have a bent for/be thirsty for 替换be interested in

He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps.

26．more than替换very

① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September. →

I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September. ( NMET 2003 )

② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help. 27．perfect (ly) 替换good/ very well

He speaks perfect ( good ) English./ He speaks English perfectly ( very well ).

28．do sb a/the favor 替换help

Would you please do me the favor ( help me ) to turn down the radio?

29．the other day替换a few days ago

The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. ( NMET 1997 )

30．in the course of替换during

In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.

31．the majority of替换most

The majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.

32．consist of替换be made up of

Our class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students.

33．be worn out替换be tired / broken

① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired).

② My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair.

34．become of替换happen

What do think has become of ( happened to ) him ?

35．attend to/wait on/see to替换look after 36．on condition that替换as long as

37．nevertheless替换however38．express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with 39．spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to do 40．many a 替换many

41．be rushed off one’s feet/be engaged in/get down to sth. 替换be busy in doing

42．a handful of替换a little / some. A couple of 替换several

43．meanwhile替换at the same time 44．get to one’s feet/rise替换stand up

45．beneath替换under 46．occasionally替换sometimes /once in while

47．for instance替换for example 48．seldom替换not often

49．wealthy替换rich 50．amazing替换surprising 51．as a matter of fact 替换in fact

八、写作技巧---- 常见写作模板

一）、英语书信

开头部分：

How nice to hear from you again.

I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.

I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.

I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.

结尾部分：

With best wishes/regards.

May you be happy every day!=Wish you happiness every day!

I’m looking forward to your reply.

Looking forward to your reply.

I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.

二）、口头通知

呼语及开场白部分：

Ladies and Gentlemen/ Boys and girls, may I have your attention, please? / I have an announcement to make.

正文部分：

All the teachers and students are required to attend it.

Please take your notebooks and make notes.

Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.

Please come on time and don’t be late.

结束语部分：

Please come and join in it.

Everybody is welcome to attend it.

I hope you’ll have a nice time here.

Tha t’s all. Thank you.

三）、议论文

1. 正反观点式议论文：

导入：

第1段：Recently we’ve had a heated discussion about whether we should … (导入话题)

Our opinions are divided /vary on this topic. (观点有分歧) 第2段：Most of the students are in favor of it. ( 正方观点)

Here are the reasons. First…Second…Finally…(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place…What’s

more… In addition…(列出2~3个反对的理由)

第4段Personally speaking, I support the view that….. (个人观点)

2. 观点论述类议论文：

导入：

第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题

Recently there has been a phenomenon in society that ….

As a student, I am strongly in favor of/against it. ( 亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this can be listed as follows. (过渡句，承上启下)

正文：

第2段：First of all…Secondly…Besides…(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)

结论：

第3段：In conclusion, I believe that…(照应第1段，构成“总---分---总”结构)

四）、图表作文

The chart gives us an overall picture of the …(图表主题). The first thing we can notice is that…

(图表最大特点). This means that…(进一步说明)

We can see from the statistics given that…(图表细节一). After (-ing 细

节中的第一变化，the +-ed+幅度+时间（紧跟着的变化）。The figures also tell us that …(图表细节二)。In the column, we can see that accounts

for…(进一步描述)。Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that (结论)。The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is

that …（给出原因）。/ It is high time that we …(提出倡议)。

五）、图画类写作

1. 开头

Look at this picture. / The picture shows that …/ From this picture, we

can see…/ As is shown in the picture…

2. 衔接句

As we all know, …/ As is known to all, …/ It is well known that…/ In my

opinion, …/ As far as I am concerned, …/ This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.

3. 结尾句

In conclusion…/ In brief…/ On the whole…/ In short…/ In a word…/ Generally speaking…/ As has been stated…

几点复习建议：

1.熟练使用考纲上的词汇；灵活运用书本上所学的词汇；

2.研究近年考点，热点与非热点兼顾；

3.课本上的课文能够理解和熟练朗读；

4.做近年的高考原题，感觉其难度和命题思想（我省试题难度相对

稳定）；

5.熟读或背诵一些典型的范文，注意其语言和过渡，留意开放和半

开放文章的收和放；

6.不断进行总结和反思，针对薄弱的知识点和题型加强必要的训练，

但不必太难。

Education is not the filling of a pail but the lighting of a fire.(and formation of character.)

教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火（和塑造一个人）。

----Willian Yeats 叶芝（爱尔兰诗人1923年Nobel）

----Herbert Spencer(斯宾塞英国哲学家)

The roots of education are bitter,but the fruit is sweet.

----Aristotle

教育的根是苦的，但其果是甜的。

Good luck to all of you !