高考英语一轮复习 知识排查突破 book1 unit5 nelson mandelaa modern hero 新人教版

unit5 nelson mandela-a modern hero
重点识记词汇1.quality n．质量；品质；性质 2.mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
3．principle n．法则；原则；原理 4.out of work失业5．attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击 6.as a matter of fact事实上
7．turn to求助于；致力于 8.lose heart丧失勇气或信心9．escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开 e to power当权；上台
11．set up设立；建立 12.opinion n．意见；看法；主张13．president n．总统；会长；校长；行长 14.vote vt.& vi.投票；选举 n．投票；选票；表决
15．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中16.guidance n．指导；领导→guide v．指导
17．beg vi.请求；乞求→beggar n．乞丐
18．sentence vt.判决；宣判→be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑)
19．self n．自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的；忘我的
20．cruelty n．残忍；残酷→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地
21．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的→generously adv.慷慨地；大方地→generosity n．慷慨；大方
22．hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hopeless adj.没有希望的
23．peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peace n．和平；平静；和睦
24．equal adj.相等的；平等的→equally adv.平等地；同等地→equality n．平等；同等
25．willing adj.乐意的；自愿的→unwilling adj.不愿意的→
他们不如我聪明但又确实通过了考试。

构词记忆
il/im/in/ir­illegal /I′liːɡəl/ adj.不合法的；非法的；
犯法的
impatient /Im′peIʃnt/ adj.不耐烦的；焦躁的
inability /ˌInə′bIlətI/ n．[U]无能；无力；不能
irrelevant /I′reləvənt/ adj.无关紧要的；不相关的
1devote v.献身；致力；专心于；把……用于(give most of...to)
[应试指导] 过去分词作定语、状语的考查
devote...to...把……致力于……
专心于……
devoted adj.忠实的
be devoted to致力于，献身于；热爱……
devotion n.奉献；关照
除非你全心全意地去工作，否则你将永远不会获得成功。

(湖南，26)
Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children.
阿兰娜一直非常钟爱她的孩子们。

[夯实基础]
(1)用devote的适当形式填空
①He is highly thought of because of his devotion to duty.
②His life is one devoted to the people.
(2)He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.
①Devoting himself to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用现在分词短语作原因状语改写句子)
②Devoted to community activities，he was praised by the people around. (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子)
2position n.姿势；位置，方位；职位；地位；观点；态度；v.安置；安装
[应试指导] 作先行词时定语从句关系词的考查
一个人可以用自己的方式找到在生活中的位置。

(浙江·阅读D)
Leave the bandage in position until the doctor tells you to remove it.
让绷带保持原样，直到医生叫你拆掉为止。

[特别提醒]
当position后跟定语从句且position在从句中作状语时，引导词应用where。

[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)If you were in my position，what would you do then?
(2)Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
3allow v.允许；准许
[应试指导] 后跟非谓语动词的考查
在我们家里不允许吸烟。

He was allowed to leave the country.
他获准离开该国。

[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)The twins，who had finished their homework，were allowed to play(play) badminton on the playground.
(2)We don’t allow eating(eat) in the classroom.
(3)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate(communicate) freely with each other.
4
[应试指导] equally写作关联词
他是个无与伦比的运动员。

I want to encourage her to do well，but eq ually I don’t want to make her feel pressurized.
我想鼓励她好好干，但同时我也不想让她有太大压力。

[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①He is equal to Tom in ability.
②His wife was doing work of equal importance.
③The two countries had a conversation on equal terms.
(2)他能胜任这项工作。

(一句多译)
①He is equal to the job.(equal)
②He is up to the job.(up)
③He is fit for the job.(fit)
④He is qualified to do/for doing the job.(qualified)
5opinion n.意见；见解；信念；看法；主张
依我看，人们应该学会接受现实并不断努力。

(北京·开放作文)
[特别提醒]
(1)英语中“表达……意见”通常用express/give/offer one’s opinion，而不说make one’s opinion。

(2)英语习惯上用what询问某人的意见或看法，而不用how。

(3)英语中常用according to sb.或in one’s opinion来表示“根据某人的意见”。

[夯实基础]
在他看来，这是一本好书。

(一句多译)
(1)In his opinion，this is a good book.(opinion)
(2)According to him，this is a good book.(according)
(3)As far as he is concerned，this is a good book.(concerned)
(4)In his judgment，this is a good book.(judgment)
(5)In his (point of) view，this is a good book.(view)
6turn to 转身；求助于；致力于
[应试指导] turn短语语境词义辨析
，I turn to my classmates or teachers for help.
但是当事情超出我的能力时，我向同学或老师求助。

(安徽·书面表达)
[夯实基础]
选择方框内的短语填空
in turn，turn to，turn out，turn down，by turns
(1)The weather was mild and rainy by turns throughout the week.
(2)—You look upset.What’s the matter?
—I had my proposal turned down again.
(3)Thousands of people turned out to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.
(4)We are at your service.Don’t hesitate to turn to us if you have any further problems.
(5)He asked each of us in turn to describe how alcohol had affected our lives. 7lose heart灰心；泄气；丧失信心(lose confidence)
lose one’s heart to sb.爱上
某人
lose one’s temper发脾气
lose one’s patience失去耐
心
lose one’s way迷路
my parents always encourage me never to lose heart.
当我没有取得好成绩情绪低落时，父母总是鼓励我不要丧失信心。

(广东·读写任务)
[夯实基础]
选择方框内的短语填空
lose heart，lose one’s temper，lose one’s heart to，lose one’s patience
(1)I found I’ve lost my heart to you.
(2)My grandfather became fierce when he lost his temper.
(3)We’ve kept waiting for almost an hour；I lost my patience.
(4)When you fail，you should never lose heart.
1
句型公式：不定式作定语
他是这次事故中唯一的幸存者。

I caught the train with only a few seconds to spare.
我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了火车。

[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)The captain is the last to leave(leave) the ship.
(2)Would you like something to drink(drink)?
(3)Volunteering gives you a chance to change(change) lives，including your own.
(4)There are still many problems to be solved(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
2
句型公式：only...
“only＋副词、介词短语、从句”放在句首时，句子用部分倒装形式。

Only by saying polite words can you get on well with others.
只有说话礼貌你才能和其他人相处得好。

(江西·书面表达)
[特别提醒]
(1)only＋从句放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。

(2)only修饰主语时不倒装。

[夯实基础]
单句改错
(1)Only when had he studied the data again he realized that there was a mistake.
Only when he had studied the data again did he realize that there was a mistake.
(2)Only can man speak.
Only man can speak.
3
I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。

句型公式：...the first time...
the first time作连词，引导时间状语从句。

类似的还有：the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，the day，the week，the month，the year，each/every/next/any/last
time，immediately，instantly，directly等。

他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。

Every time I see the old man in the park，he is absorbed in reading papers.
每次在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报。

[特别提醒]
for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。

[夯实基础]
I fell in love with you the moment I saw you.
(1)I fell in love with you as soon as I saw you.(用as soon as改写句子)
(2)I fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I saw you.(用以­ly结
尾的连词改写句子)
4
单元语法
——用定语从句的引导词完成句子
(1)What is the name of the town where we stayed last night?
(2)Please leave the book where it was.
(3)This is the reason why/for which he cried.
(4)July，when/in which we can go home for a rest，is coming soon.
(5)I shall never forget the days when I lived in the country with my parents.
高考题组
Ⅰ.短文改错(2014·陕西)
My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven.He wanted teach me about animals ，insects and trees.My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.
One evening at sunset ，we sat by the fire ，have our barbecue.Just then a bird was flying over us.My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.Neither of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky —they were looked like rain ！We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.
That day I didn’t learn much about animals，insects or trees ，but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!
答案
My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven.He wanted ∧to teach
me about animals ，insects and trees.My uncles all come came
along with bows and arrows for hunting.
One evening at sunset ，we sat by the fire ，have having
our barbecue.Just then a bird was flying over us.My uncles immediate immediately jumped up and shot their arrows on at
the bird.Neither None of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrows was were
flying down at us from the sky —they were
looked 或were looked like rain ！We ran to escape
but and fortunately no one was injured.
That day I didn’t learn much about animals，insects or trees ，but I learnt a an impressive lesson about gravity!
Ⅱ.写作常用句翻译
1．在我看来，溺爱和过多的关心对孩子的发展尤其有害。

(in one’s opinion)(2013·福建·书面表达)
In my opinion ，overprotection and too much care are extremely bad for children’s development.
2．我们没有赢得比赛，但我们没有灰心。

(lose heart)(2013·湖南·书面表达)
We didn’t win the match，but we didn’t lose heart.
3．只有这样，我们才能生活在一个舒适美丽的环境中。

(only...)(2012·福建·书面表达) Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings. 4．我真的对这个职位感兴趣，希望能为你工作。

(position)(2011·辽宁·书面表达)
I’m really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.
5．原因是来自父母的压力几乎让他们没有时间从事其他的活动。

(allow)(2011·陕西·书面表达)
The reason is often that the pressure from their parents allows them almost no time for other activities.
6．然后我向老师求助，他建议我和其他同学合作。

(turn to)(2011·湖北·短文写作) Then I turned to my teacher and he advised me to cooperate with others.
7．而且，她经常把业余时间用来帮助他人。

(devote)(2010·浙江·书面表达) Besides，she often devotes her spare time to helping others.
模拟题组
Ⅰ.语法填空
1．—Your sister nearly devoted all her spare time to her study during the three years.
—That’s right，or she wouldn’t have taken(not，take) the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.
2．Please return your seat back to an upright position，which will do good to your health.
3．He wasn’t allowed to stay(stay) up late.
4．I don’t think he is equal to doing(do) this kind of work，so I can’t hire him. 5．Whenever we are in trouble，we should never lose heart.
6．The government has set up a committee to look into this accident.
7．For the first time in her life Jennie realized that so many people were loving her in the world.
8．Only by keeping down costs will PowerData hold its advantages over other companies. 9．Have you sent thank­you notes to the relatives from whom you received gifts? 10．That is the only way we can imagine to reduce(reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．After he heard the bad news，his face took on a worrying expression.worrying →worried
2．Several hours later，with the help of the police，the students managed to escape the dangerous place，hungry and frightened.escaped后加上from
3．The man was sentenced 10 years’ imprisonment for robbing the bank.sentenced 后加上to
4．He led the workers in fighting the war.fighting后加上against
5．As matter of fact，social customs vary in different parts of the world.As后加上a
6．That football team had won no games and it lost its heart.去掉its
7．Don’t be worried，because there is nothing to worry.worry后加上about 8．Madame Curie，devoting to science，was a great woman.devoting→devoted 9．There are many cards for you to choose.choose后加上from
10．It worried the public was that Phelps should take drugs.It→What
Ⅲ.写作句式升级训练
As a member of the society，I realize that responsibility is the thing that it needs to make a better and more harmonious society.(素材来源于2014·湖北·短文写作) Being a member of the society，I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better and more harmonious society.(用being...，aware及what从句改写句子)。