2021届高考英语中国元素之阅读理解中国科技一

高中2021届高考英语“中国元素”之阅读理解中国科技（一）.
Today, China has conducted its first 3D printing experiment in space in a newly-launched spacecraft ,which was put into low-Earth orbitby China,s Long March 5B heavy lift carrier rocket.
Video broadcast on CCTV showed that the printer has printed a flat section of a honeycomb-shaped（蜂巢状的）structure as well as a symbol of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, the parent company of the China Academy of Space Technology. The experiment was done by a 3D printer, developed and built by its Beijing Spacecrafts Manufacturing Factory inside the prototype of China,s newgeneration manned spacecraft.
The printer, named the Space-Based Composite Material 3D Printing System, uses carbon fiber-reinforced materials to autonomously print objects. It is installed in the re-entry module of the experimental spaceship, and will be brought back to Earth once the module returns.
The printer features advanced technologies in material modeling, precision control and automation. Once the space-based 3D printing technology becomes operationally ready? it can extensively benefit space programs as astronauts can use it to manufacture a lot of things they currently need to obtain from resupply flights by cargo spacecraft.
Wang Yanan, editor-in-chief of the Aerospace Knowledge magazine, said the 3D printer will be very useful in extended space missions, such as those in a space station, because it will allow astronauts to make components quickly and conveniently in space. The technology will save future space journeys considerable resources and costs.
In fact, the device is not the only representative of 3D printing onboard the prototype.
A CubeSat deployer, designed and made through 3D printing by CoSats Space Technology, is also carried by the spacecraft to check the adaptability of 3D-printed equipment in space. CoSats Chief Operating Officer Bai Ruixue said the 3D-printed deployer is much lighter and stronger than its counterparts and it will have huge potential in the space industry.
l.What did the video broadcast on CCTV show to the audience?
A.The name and the shape of the 3D printing.
B.The significance of the 3D printing technology.
C.The process and the products of the 3D printing.
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D.The relationship between the two companies.
2.What if a component is broken in the space station in the future?
A.The astronauts can make one using 3D printing and replace it.
B.It will be sent by spaceship back to Earth for repair.
C.It will be unloaded and abandoned in space.
D.The astronauts can fix it conveniently by hand on the spot.
3.What is Bai Ruixue's attitude to the future of 3D printing in space?
A.Negative.
B.Positive.
C.Indifferent.
D.Critical.
4.What can be the most suitable title for the text?
A.3D Printing Set to Help Ease Space Trips
5.3D Printing—a New Way to Explore Space C.3D Printing Launched by Long March 5B D.3D Printing Experiment Conducted in Space 一、
China's space industry is preparing to launch the world's first artificial moon to help with urban illumination （照明）at night. China plans to put an artificial moon in orbit above Chengdu, capital of Sichuan Province, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan by 2020. If the launch proves successful, three more such objects will be launched in 2022. The artificial moon will have a reflective coating that can turn sunlight back to the earth, similar to how the moon shines.
The man-made moon is essentially an illumination satellite designed to complement the moon at night, though it is predicted to be eight times brighter. This is due to the object's planned orbit about 500 kilometers above the earth— much closer than the 380,000-km distance to the moon. The location and brightness of the light beam can be changed, and its coverage accuracy can fall within a few dozen meters. The artificial moon might replace some streetlights in the urban area.
Meanwhile, the extra light can shine into disaster zones during blackouts, thus aiding relief and rescue efforts. The mirrors can be adjusted for luminosity （光度），and can be completely turned off when needed. However, less light from it will reach the ground if the sky is dark with clouds.
The first moon will be mostly experimental, but the three moons in 2022 will be the real deal
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with great commercial potential. The three new man-made moons can take turns reflecting sunlight as they will not always be in the best position relative to the sun, and together they can illuminate an area of around 3,600 to 6,400 km2 on the earth for 24 hours if desired.
Russia, the United States, Japan and European countries are all looking to capitalize on
harnessing energy from space, and reflecting mirrors have been in the discussion for some time.
1.What if the man-made moon is launched by 2020?
A.There are over two moons hanging in the sky.
B.Some power will be saved and it is a green lifestyle.
C.It is the first man-made object that orbits in space.
D.Some sunlight will be blocked back in a way.
2.What does the underlined word "complement" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Make up for.
B. Take advantage of.
C. Keep up with.
D. Team up with.
3.What is the disadvantage of the man-made moon?
A. It is likely to shine blindingly on the earth.
B. It will orbit above too close to the earth.
C. It will reflect the sunshine during the day.
D. It is likely to work poorly on a cloudy day.
4.What can we learn according to the 4th and 5th paragraphs?
A.The first man-made moon has a slim chance of success.
B.Man-made moons will have a bright market in the future.
C.Many countries have already invented similar objects.
D.It is tough to fix the position of the man-made moon.
二、
A facial recognition app, recently developed by scientists, will make it easier to identify pandas.
Wan Yongqing, a Beijing photographer, visits Sichuan Province to take photos of pandas every other year. He has watched them for more than a decade. "My friends say I'm a big panda fan. It is a shame that I find all pandas look the same, with black eyes and white fur. It does not matter as all the pandas are cute to me," he said.
Yet, identifying one panda from another does matter to researchers, according to Zhang Zhihe, chief of the Chengdu panda research base.
"Identifying individual pandas is important for conservation management and research. For captive（被圈养的）pandas, it is important for their daily feeding schedules, family background
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and data management. For wild pandas, it helps researchers study their population structure and provides scientific support for their protection and management," he said.
China has carried out four scientific surveys on wild pandas, and now has a big databank
about them. The number of wild pandas in China is mostly known. However, it is still difficult to determine the age, sex, health and other specific information about the population.
"It's difficult to track and watch the structure because wild pandas tend to live alone, deep in the mountains, and their living environment is vast," Zhang added.
In 2017, the Chengdu base began researching individual panda identification technology by analyzing images. Over the past two years, they have built a databank of more than 120,000 images, over 1,000 video clips, and completed organizing nearly 10,000 images.
Using the databank, researchers have started a facial recognition app that can accurately recognize captive pandas by analyzing and comparing the unique features of panda faces.
Panda researchers hope the data and AI technology will help them analyze data for both captive and wild pandas.
1.Why is it important to identify individual captive pandas?
A.It is useful for studying their population structure.
B.It helps researchers build up their living environment.
C.It provides proof that they need protection in the wild.
D.It is helpful for further research and data management.?
2.Which of the following is not a reasonwhy it,s difficult to track and watch wild pandas?
A.They live alone.
B.They don't leave enough tracks.
C.They live in deep mountains.
D.Their living environment is vast.
3.What is still hard to find out for wild pandas?
A.Their living environment.
B.Their age, sex, health and population information.
C.Their feeding schedules,family background and management.
D.The reason and research upon their black eyes and white fur.
4.What is necessary for the facial recognition app to work well?
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A.The databank of pandas.
B.The structure of pandas.
C.The invention of AI technology.
D.The unique features of panda faces.
四、
Although life on Earth was chaotic in 2020, we can still look to the stars for new hope in 2021.
Last year, Japan,s Hayabusa2 returned with several grams of samples from the asteroid （小行星）Ryugu. China also brought back some lunar soil and rocks within a month. Meanwhile, NASA teamed up with SpaceX to send two men to the International Space Station. Despite the pandemic, 2020 has been a busy year for space, and 2021 looks to be busier.
Three shuttles launched in 2020 are on their way to the red planet, Mars. The United Arab Emirates, Mars Hope, the nation,s first mission to the red planet, is due to arrive in February. China,s Tianwen-1 mission is also expected to arrive in mid-February, making China the second country to soft-land a spacecraft on the Martian surface. Finally, NASA,s Mars Perseverance from the USA launched in 2020 will likely be the third craft to reach Mars - also in February, according to Ars Technica.
After many delays, the James Webb Space Telescope is planning to launch on Halloween on a European Ariane 5 rocket. After the launch, its sunshield and mirror will be put together and finished over two weeks. The Webb telescope will find the first galaxies that formed in the early universe and see stars forming planetary systems through dusty clouds, according to NASA.
China will also begin the first steps toward building the country's first space station. Within the first half of the year, China will launch the core module （组件）Tianhe on a Long March 5B rocket. This module will include rooms for Chinese astronauts and visitors to the station. Fuel and supply missions will follow the initial launch, and two experiment modules will join the station in 2022.
With so much more human activity in space, orbital debris （残骸）is becoming more of a concern. To that end, Astroscale,s ELSA-d mission is the first step toward commercial debris removal as it will attempt to move dead satellites and remove space junk.
2021 will be a year of science “the likes of which we,ve rarely seen,” according to Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator at NASA.
1.Which craft will be the third to reach Mars in February? 高中
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A.American,s Mars Perseverance.
B.Japan,s Hayabusa2.
C.China,s Tianwen-1.
D.The United Arab Emirates, Mars Hope.
2.What will the James Webb Space Telescope do?
A.It will record the structure of the universe.
B.It will remove hidden dusty clouds.
C.It will search for life in planetary systems.
D.It will help people study the first galaxies.
3.What can be inferred about China,s space program?
A.China will be the first to build a space station on Mars.
B.China is planning to bring visitors to its space station.
C.China will have two modules at the space station in 2022.
D.China will send supplies during the launch of Tianhe. 4.What in space worries people?
A.Growing human activities.
B.Return of dead satellites.
mercialization of space missions.
D.Space debris from missions.
五、
Sales of Apple,s new iPhone 11 in China began on Friday, but were met with a cooler reception from consumers than in previous years. Unlike in previous years, no long lines were seen outside Chinese shops on Friday for the new iPhone, and the product release only made the headlines in a few media outlets.
Huawei unveiled（公布）its Mate 30 smartphone series on Thursday night. Its new devices have won consumers/ hearts at home and abroad. Many compared it with Apple/s new iPhone 11, saying that beats the new iPhone in terms of innovation and quality. One customer surnamed Zhao, an IT specialist who pre-ordered a Mate 30 Pro on Friday, said that he chose Mate 30 without hesitation. Zhao said, "It's obvious that Huawei/s new phone with its advanced 5G mode would
lead the future global telecommunications market, and its new innovative features in 高中
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gesture and side control attracted my attention, too.”
In contrast with iPhone 11,s lukewarm（冷淡的）sales, Chinese netizens have engaged in
discussions on Mate 30 and Mate 30 Pro. An online p0110n the Mate 30 and iPhone 11 on Weibo on Friday showed that more than 60 percent of netizens chose the Mate 30, while less than 20 percent chose the iPhone 11. Many chose Huawei not out of patriotism but for its technology.
Overseas consumers also engaged in vigorous discussions on Huawei,s new flagship devices on technology sites and social media platforms. On Twitter, many netizens said “nice”, “best phone ever” and “my favorite one” on Huawei,s Twitter account. Some netizens in countries like the UK,
the Netherlands and Argentina asked when Huawei,s new devices would be released in their countries.
1.How did customers react to Apple/s new product?
A.They thought it was cool to use it.
B.They stood in long lines to purchase it.
C.They thought its quality was worse than before.
D.They were less interested in it than former years.
2.In what aspect is Mate better than iPhone 11 according to paragraph 2?
A.The price and the weight.
B.The appearance and the speed.
C.The quality and innovation.
D.The service life and function.
3.What does the underlined word “poll” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Store.
B.Vote.
C.Account.
D.Exam.
4.The main idea of this passage may be.
A.A New Era — 5G
B.Huawei Is Better than Apple
C.Apple/s New iPhone 11
D.Huawei/s Mate 30 Defeats iPhone11
六、
China's historic 23-day Chang'e 5 mission has not only obtained precious rock and soil samples from the moon, but has also brought back a group of seeds that traveled the furthest in the nation's agricultural and forestry histories. More than 30 kinds of seeds, including that of rice, oats etc., were placed inside the multi-module Chang'e 5 spacecraft and orbited around the
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moon for about 15 days.
Scientists wished to check what would happen to the seeds after being exposed to extraterrestrial （地夕卜的）forces in lunar orbit and also hoped that they could develop beneficial mutations （突变）.This mission offered good opportunities to scientists, which enabled them to deepen their studies on the effect of cosmic rays on the growth and evolution of life on Earth.
Space-based mutation breeding refers to the process of exposing seeds to forces such as microgravity, vacuums and cosmic radiation during a spaceflight and then sending them back to Earth for further observation and planting. Researchers observe and examine several generations
of plants grown from space-bred seeds and investigate their mutations-some are positive and desirable while others are negative. Those with positive mutations will be kept and analyzed, and will be introduced to farmers after their certification and approval.
Space breeding can generate mutations faster and more conveniently than ground- based experiments and can bring about some desirable traits that are otherwise hard to introduce. Compared with natural or conventionally bred types of plants, space-developed versions with positive mutations usually feature higher nutritional content, greater annual yields, shorter growth periods and better resistance to diseases and insect pests.
China conducted its first space breeding experiment in 1987, using a satellite to carry seeds into space. Since then, hundreds of kinds of seeds and seedlings have traveled with dozens of Chinese spaceships. Space breeding has helped to produce more than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been approved for large-scale cultivation, ranging from grains to vegetables and fruits. The Chang'e 5 robotic mission returned 1, 731 grams of lunar rock and soil to Earth, marking a historic accomplishment 44 years after the last lunar substances were taken back.
1.Why were the seeds placed inside Chang'e 5?
A.To pick out the fittest for mutations.
B.To understand extraterrestrial forces.
C.To study the intensity of cosmic rays.
D.To expose them to a special environment.
2.What do we know about space-based mutation breeding?
A.It is not a time-consuming process. 高中
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B.Mutations develop in a random way.
C.It often brings about desirable effects.
0.Approval will be granted to mutated plants.
3.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.It is a custom to put seedlings on a spacecraft.
B.China was the first to do a space breeding experiment.
C.It is some time since seeds were last taken into space.
D.Space breeding has brought us commercial benefits.
4.What is the best title of the passage?
A.Space-bred Seeds Offer Great Chances
B.Chang,e 5 Returns with a Big Package
C.Plant Mutations Result in a Better Life
D.Seeds from Space Mark a New History
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答案以及解析
一、答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.A
二、答案：1-4 BADB
解析：1.根据第一段中的"launch the world's first artificial moon"可知，这是世界上第一个人造月亮，故排岫项；C项中的"first man-made。

00戊"与原文不符；根据第一段中的,…help with urban illumination （照明）at night. China plans to put an artificial moon in orbit above Chengdu...”可知，这个月亮是给成都市区以及周围提供照明，由此可知，这样做可以节约用电，是一种环保方式。

故正确答案为B。

2.根据下文”...it is predicted to be eight times brighter."和"The artificial moon might replace some streetlights in the urban area.1可知，这颗人造月亮是作为光源来使用，是让其弥补没有月亮出来的夜晚。

故正确答案为A。

3.根据第三段中的"However，less light from it will reach the ground if the sky is dark with clouds.”可知，如果天空乌云密布，那么人造月亮照射到地面的光线就会减少。

故正确答案为D。

4.根据第四段中的"...the three moons in 2022 will be the real deal with great commercial potential."可知，2022年的三个人造月亮将会具有巨大商业潜力；最后一段中谈到俄罗斯、美国、日本、欧洲国家等都在开展空间能源应用项目的技术。

由此可知，人造月亮将来市场很好。

故正确答案为B。

三、答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。

根据第四段中"For captive pandas, it is important for their daily feeding schedules, family background and data management.（对于被圈养的熊猫来说，这对它们的日常喂养计划、家庭背景和数据管理都很重要）”可知，识别圈养大熊猫个体很重要是因为这有助于进一步的研究和数据管理。

5.细节理解题。

根据第六段中的"because wild pandas tend to live alone, deep in the mountains, and their living environment is vast（因为野生大熊猫往往是独居的，生活在山区,而且它们的生存环境非常广阔）”可知,B项不是其原因，所以选择B项。

6.细节理解题。

根据文章第五段的最后一句可知，现在依然很难去判断熊猫的年龄，性别，健康以及数量信息。

故选择B项。

7.推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段"Using the databank, researchers have started a facial
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四、答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.B; 4.D
五、答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D
六、答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句Scientists wished to check what would happen to the seeds after being exposed to extraterrestrial force in lunar orbit and also hoped that they could develop beneficial mutations.可知，科学家们希望能弄清楚，在月球轨道暴露在地外
引力下，种子会发生什么，并希望它们能产生有益的突变。

D项To expose them to a special environment 意为“为了把它们暴露在一个特殊的环境中〃，符合题意。

故正确答案为D。

2.细节理解题。

根据第三段第二句Researchers observe and examine several generations of plants grown from space-bred seeds and investigate mutations—some are positive and desirable while others are negative.可知，研究人员观察和研究了几代从太空培育的种子生长而来的植物,并研究了突变的情况一一有一些积极的，值得的,而另一些是消极的。

B项Mutations develop in a random way意为"突变是随机的”，符合题意。

故正确答案为B。

3.推理判断题。

根据最后一段倒数第二句Space breeding has helped to produce mo than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been approved for large-scientificcultivation, ranging from grains to vegetables and fruits.可知，空间育种已在我国培育出200多种新品种的转基因植物，这些变异植物已被批准进行大规模科学栽培，从谷物到蔬菜和水果。

由此可知，同时带来的应该还有经济效益,D项Space breeding has brought us commercial benefits 意为“太空育种给我们带来了商业利益〃，符合语境。

故正确答案为D。

4.主旨大意题。

文章主要介绍了空间育种的相关知识一一从嫦娥五号携带种子到种子在地外空间如何突变，再到研究人员如何挑选有益突变的种子并大规模种植,以此获得经济效益。

A 项Space-bred Seeds Offer Great Chances意为“太空培育种子提供大机遇”，符合题意。

故正确答案为A。

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