铁路外文翻译---使用循环渗透测试评估铁路路基的刚度

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铁路专业部分常用词汇中英文对照表

铁路专业部分常用词汇中英文对照表

铁路专业部分常用词汇中英文对照表第一篇:铁路专业部分常用词汇中英文对照表铁路专业部分常用词汇中英文对照一、职务名词1.路局MD(Managing Director): 总局长DMD(Deputy Managing Director): 副总局长CS(Corporate Secretary): 公司秘书MPCA(Manager Planning and Corporate Affairs): 企划部经理CME(Chief Mechanical Engineer):机辆总工CCE(Chief Civil Engineer):工务总工FM(Finance Manager):财务经理MM (Marketing Manager):市场经理 TM(Traffic Manager):运输经理 SM(Supplies Manager):物资经理 SM(Safety Manager):安全经理HRM(Human Resources Manager):人事经理HPR (Head Public Relations):公关部主管HIT(Head Information Technology):信息部主管 CIA(Chief Internal Auditor):内审主管 Chief Pension Officer:退休金主管 Chief Controller :调度长 2.分局、站段及工厂RGM(Regional General Manager): 分局总经理 RME(Regional Mechanical Engineer):分局机辆总工RCE(Regional Civil Engineer):分局工务总工S&T(Signaling & Telecommunication)Engineer: 电务(信号与通信)工程师Head Commercial :商业主管Head Human Resources :人事主管Chief Administration Officer:行政主管 Area Manager:区域经理WM(Workshop Manager): 工厂经理 SM(Station Master):站长Senior Passenger Officer :客运主管DPC(District Police Commander): 地区警察指挥官二、部门和组织名词或惯称 Head Office :路局或总部CRET(Chinese Railway Expert Team):中国铁路专家协调组Regional Office:分局 Area Office:区域办事处 Workshop:工厂CSP(concrete Sleeper Plant):轨枕厂 Quarry :采石场TTC(TAZARA Training Center):坦赞铁路局培训中心Locomotive Depot:机务段Rolling Stock Depot:车辆段Marshalling Yard:编组场Construction Unit:房建队Board of Directors:董事会 Board Committee:董事会委员会Committee meeting:委员会会议或预备会Council of Ministers: 部长理事会 Union:工会三、设备名称 1.机车Locomotive Mainline/shunting locomotive: 干线/调车机车DFH Locomotive:东方红机车Diesel Engine:柴油机 Traction Motor:牵引电机 Wheel set:轮对 Bogie:转向架Running Part:走行部Axle: 车轴Coupler:车钩Valve:阀Bearing: 轴承Brake shoe:闸瓦Cow Catcher:排障器Vacuum horse:真空软管 Air pipe:风管Control system:控制系统 Battery:蓄电池DE(Diesel Electric):柴油电传 DH(Diesel Hydraulic):柴油液传Driver’s Cab:驾驶室 Crank Shaft:曲轴Locomotive failure:机故 2.Wagon:货车DSO(Down Side Open wagon): 低帮车CDSO(Container Down Side Open wagon): 低帮集装箱货车HSO(High Side Open):高帮车Co(Covered wagon):棚车F(Flat wagon):平板车FT(Flat Tank wagon):平板罐车 JTW(Jumbo Tank wagon):大型罐车 CF(Container Flat wagon):集装箱平车 WW(Well Wagon):井型车 BV(Brake Van):守车LS(Livestock wagon):牲畜车 B(Ballast wagon):石渣车R(Refrigeration wagon):冷藏车 3.Coach:客车1st Class Coach:一等车厢(软卧)2nd Class Coach:二等车厢(硬卧)3rd Class Coach:三等车厢(硬座)MD’s Coach: 总局长专用车Super Seat:软座车厢Dining/buffet Car:餐车Lounge Car:酒吧车 Luggage Van:行李车 4.其它设备 Gantry crane:龙门吊 Trolley:轨道车 Reversing Gear:换向机构 Rescue crane:救援吊车Re-railing Equipment:复救设备 Forklift:叉车Mobile crane:汽车吊 Air compressor:空压机 Mono block:轮饼 Coupler knuckle:钩舌 Wooden sleeper:木枕Concrete sleeper:混凝土轨枕Bridge sleeper:桥枕Turnout:道岔Semaphore signal:臂板信号机 Interlocking equipment: 联锁设备Semi-automatic block system:半自动闭塞 Head Crane:桥式吊车 Drop Table:落车台Flaw detection machine:探伤仪Triple valve:三通阀Generator:发电机 Shop :车间Second crusher:二级破碎机四、运输词汇Financial year:财政年度 Passenger train:客车 Freight train: 货车Commuter train:通勤车 Up train:上行列车 Down train:下行列车 Fuel:燃油Locomotive routing:机车交路Locomotive availability:机车完好率Timetable:时刻表Arrival time:抵达时间 Departure time:出发时间 Freight traffic:货运量Passenger ridership:客运量 Parcel:行包tonne-km:吨公里turnaround time:周转时间 punctuality:正点率 interchange:过轨level crossing:平交道口good shed:货场weighbridge:轨道衡 copper:铜 manganese:锰 coal:煤fertilizer:化肥 timber:木材 maize:玉米wheat flour:面粉 molasses:糖稀 container:集装箱 sulphur:硫磺general cargo:杂货 accident:事故 derail:脱轨 capsize:倾覆五、其它专有名词或短语Ministry of transport: 交通部Immigration office:移民局Exemption: 豁免证/工作许可PS(Permanent Secretary):常秘cemetery:公墓 Protocol:议定书Concession:特许经营Concessionaire:特许经营者/特许经营单位Manpower position:员工人数 Clearance:清关Shipping documents:海运文件 Bill of Lading: 提货单 Packing List:装箱单 Insurance:保险Commercial Invoice:商务发票 Production meeting:生产交班会 minutes:会议记录MOU(Memorandum of Understanding):谅解备忘录Invitation letter:邀请函Motor vehicle license: 机动车辆证/上路许可financial statement:财务报表 quarter:季度 Turnover:营业额 Revenue:收入 Expenditure:支出 Pension:退休金 Rates: 费率Freight tariff: 货运价格 Passenger fare:客车票价 Permanent way:工务线路speed restricted area:限速地段 land slide: 滑坡tamping machine:捣固机light/heavy motor trolley: 轻型/重型轨道车ballast:道砟curve: 曲线 culvert:涵洞 tunnel:隧道 gradient: 坡度 gauge:轨距/限界motive power:动力(设备)single locomotive operation:单机牵引MU(multiple unit)operation:多机牵引 axle load:轴重 Cummins:康明斯Transmission type:传动类型 Hydraulic transmission:液力传动 Piston:活塞Air brake: 空气制动Vacuum brake:真空制动H.F.(High Frequency)radio: 高频电台 Microwave:微波 Optic fiber:光纤 Light repair: 小修 Medium repair:中修Rehabilitation/overhaul:大修 Spare part:零配件Kilimanjaro passenger train:乞力马扎罗号客车Mukuba passenger train:姆库巴号客车Compartment:客车包厢 VIP lounge:贵宾室 Control order:调度令 Booking office:售票处第二篇:中国商标法专业词汇中英文对照表商标法专业词汇中英文对照表1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.全国人大常委会第三十次会议the 30th Session of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress 商标注册 trademark registration 商标注册的审查和核准 examination and approval of trademark registration 注册商标的续展、转让和使用许可 renewal, assignment and licensing of registered trademarks 注册商标争议的裁定the determination of disputes concerning registered trademarks 商标使用的管理 the administration of the use of the trademarks 注册商标专用权的保护the protection of the Right to Exclusive Use of a registered trademark 总则general provisions 附则supplementary provisions 10.生产、经营者 the producers and operators 11.社会主义市场经济the Socialist market economy 12.国务院工商行政管理部门商标局the Trademark Office of the administrativedepartment for industry and commerce under the State Council13.商标评审委员会 the Trademark Review and Adjudication Board14.商品商标the commodity trademark 服务商标the service trademark 集体商标 the collective trademark证明商标 the certification trademark 15.商标注册人享有商标专用权,受法律保护the trademark registrants shall be entitled to the right to exclusive use of their trademarks and protected by law.16.(重复前面提到的)该组织the said organization 17.监督能力 the supervising power 18.限期提出答辩 to reply within the specified period 19.该组织以外的单位或者个人the units and individuals apart from the said organizations 20.自然人、法人或者其他组织对其生产、制造、加工、拣选或者经销的商品,需要取得商标专用权的,应当向商标局申请商品商标注册。

外文文献翻译--铁路隧道的安全

外文文献翻译--铁路隧道的安全

外文文献翻译一铁路隧道的安全1 外文文献原文 (1)2外文文献翻译 (2)1外文文献原文Safety of long railway tunnelsD. Diamantidis"摆,E Zuccarelli b, A. VVestha user *^University of Applied Sciences, Regensburg^ Prufen in ger str. 58y D・93049, Regensburg^GermanybD^Appolonia S.p.A.y Genova^ ItalycBrenner Eisenbahn GmbH, Innsbruck^ AustriaReceived 10 March 1999; accepted 6 September 1999AbstractPlanning and designing railway tunnels with an explicit reference to safety issues is becoming of utmost importance since the combination of high speed, mixed goods-passenger traffic and extreme length of the new tunnels under design or concept evaluation, have sensitively modifled the inherent safety of the railway tunnel. Although the probability of occurrence of accidental events may still be considered rather low, the possible consequences of such events in long tunnels can be catastrophic, therefore raising the overall risk to levels that may be no more acceptable. The scope of this paper is to illustrate the state-of-practice related to risk analysis of long railway tunnels. First, ambitious tunnel projects are briefly reviewed. The applicable risk-analysis procedures are then described and discussed. The problem of risk appraisal is addressed and quantitative target safety levels are proposed. Safety systems for risk reduction are outlined. q2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Railway tunnels; Risk acceptability; Safety systems; Passenger traffic1.IntroductionThe railway is now moving rapidly toward a modern service transportation industry. High Speed Rail (HSR) systems are already operating in many countries such as Japan, England, France, Italy and Germany. A further development of the whole European HSR network is planned. In order to achieve the design velocity up to 300 km/h, a considerable part of the routes is in tunnels with lengths greater than 10 km and in some cases of the order of 50 km. Table 1 illustrates a list of existing long tunnels worldwide. In this European context, the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) aimed at homogenizing the HSR projects also with respect to the safety issues. However, neither theCEC guidelines nor the existing railway regulations and codes directly address to the problem of quantitatively assessing the safety level for railway systems. This is mostly due to the fact that railway transport is considered by railway operators and perceived by the public as a safe mean of transportation. This approach to safety might be applicable to traditional railway systems, which have proven throughout the years their performance; it is, however, not enough to guarantee the safety of railway systems where innovative and particular conditions are present, or of the existing lines that have to be upgraded to new exercise standards. For example, the combination of high-speed transit, high traffic intensity, combined transport of passengers and dangerous goods and extremely long tunnels, might lead to unacceptable safety levels. Therefore, the designer has to choose a railway system configuration together with the preventive and mitigative measures of accidents that minimize the risk and ultimately should verify bv means of a risk analysis that the obtained safety level is below a predefined target level. The scope of this paper is to illustrate the state-of-practice related to safe tunnel design and associated risk-analysis aspects of long railway tunnels. First, ambitious tunnel projects are briefly reviewed from the safety point of view. The risk-analysis procedures are then described and discussed. The problem of risk appraisal is addressed and quantitative target safety levels are proposed. Finally, safety systems for risk reduction are illustrated.2.Major tunnel projects and the associated riskBasic design aspects in existing or under design and construction tunnels are briefly summarized in this section.Table 1List of existing long tunnels worldwideName Country Length (km) Underground Daischimisu Japan 22.2Simplon II Italv/Switzerland 19.8Appennino Italy 18.6Rokko Japan 16.2Haruna Japan 15.4Gotthard Switzerland 15.0Nakayama Japan 14.8Lolschberg Switzerland 14.5Hokuriku Japan 13.9Prato Tires Italy 13.5Landrucken Germany 10.8 Underwater Seikan Japan 53.9Eurotunnel UK/France 50.0Shin Kanmon Japan 18.7Great Belt Denmark 8.0Severn UK 7.0Mersev UK 4.9Kanmon Japan 3.6 The following tunnels are included:(a)the Channel tunnel between England and France;(b)the Seikan tunnel in Japan;(c)the Gotthard tunnel planned in Switzerland;(d)the Brenner tunnel planned between Italy and Austria;(e)the new Mont Cenis-tunnel planned between Franceand Italy;(f)the tunnel under the Great Belt in Denmark.2.1.The Channel tunnelThe tunnel serves rail traffic and links up the terminals near Folkestone in the south of England and Calais in northern France. The tunnel is some 50 km long and comprises of three parallel tubes, which are located some 25-45 m beneath the sea bed. The trains travel through the twosingle-track running tunnels, each of which has an internal diameter of 7.30 m. Both running tunnels have a continuous escape way in order to enable passengers and train staff to get out of the tunnel quickly in the event of an emergency (see Fig. 1). Two main cross-links connect the two running tunnels so that trains can switch from one tube to the other during maintenance work; these two main cross-links are located in the 37 km long section under the sea bed. Two smaller cross-links are to be found in the vicinity of the tunnel portals. The running tunnels are connected at 250 m intervals by means of 2-00 m diameter pressure-relief tunnels. Through these cross-cuts the pressure that builds up in front of a speeding train can be reduced by diverting the air from one running tunnel into the other. A service tunnel with an internal diameter of 4.50 m is located between the two running tunnels. It is, first and foremost, intended as an escape and access facility in the event of an accident in one of the running tunnels. In addition, this service tunnel provides access to the technical centers, which are distributed along it. The service tunnel and the two running tunnels are connected to each other via a 3.30 in diameter cross-cuts set up at 375 in gaps as escape ways [1].The tunnel is used for the following train services:•the passenger shuttles for cars and buses;•the freight shuttles for lorries as well as;•express and goods trains belonging to the national railway companies.The signaling system incorporating automatic train protection is designed to minimize the risk of any type of collision even during single-line operation when maintenance is being carried out. One of the main criteria for the design of the rolling stock was the requirement that, as far as practicable, in the event of fire, a shuttle is able to continue on its journey out of the tunnel so that fire could be tackled in the open. To achieve this a 30 min fire resistance has been specified for the wagons including the fire doors and shutters in the passenger shuttles. The fire accident that occurred in November 1996 showed that the emergency response procedures required further improvement.c (a)(D(S)° (£) (£)Fig. 2. Investigated tunnel systems: A and B with service tunnel; D without service tunnel.2.2.The Seikan tunnelThe Seikan tunnel was completed in 1988 and constitutesthe longest tunnel worldwide with a total length of 53.9 km.lt is a double-track tunnel with a cross-sectional area of 64 m2. The average traffic is 50 trains per day. The tunnelhas two emergency stations and is thus divided into three sections The middle section is under water with a length of 23 km and has a service tunneL By providing the emergency stations with fire fighting systems, fire can be copedwithin the same manner as conventional tunnel fires. In case of fire, the train must be brought to a stop at the nearest emergency station or must be driven out of the tunneL2.3.The Gotthard Base tunnelThe 57 km long Gotthard Base tunnel is one of the main links for Bahn 2000, the Swiss passenger traffic for the next century, and for the rail corridor of European freight traffic through the Alps [3]. The tunnel route is a part of the Zurich-Lugano line and is intended to carry 150 intercity, passenger and freight trains per day in each direction. Two tracks are needed for these traffic levels and there is a multitude of different tunnel layouts, which can be considered.Possible normal tunnel profiles could consist of:(a)a double-track tunnel with a parallel service tunnel;(b)a pair of single-track tunnel with a service tunnel;(c)three single-track tunnels;(d)a pair of single-track tunnels without a service tunnel^but with frequent interconnections (see Fig. 2).In addition to the traffic tunnels, there is a need for possibly two overtaking stations to allow passenger trains to pass slower freight ones. Natural longitudinal flow in the two tubes will be the basis for the ventilation of the tunnel, which has an overburden of 2000 m or greater, over more than 20 km of itslength.Recently wide-ranging studies have been carried out on the different designs of the Gotthard tunnel. The main parameters that have been thereby investigated are:(a)costs of construction;(b)construction time and method;(c)operational capacity and operability;(d)maintenance;(e)safety for the passengers and the personnel.The performed safety study has shown that the three single-track tunnels and the pair of single-track tunnel with a service tunnel are associated to lower risk and higher operability compared to the double-track tunnel with service tunneL However the associated costs are higher. Based on the evaluation of comprehensive studies the configuration D has been selected, i.e. a pair of single-track tunnels without service tunnel but with interconnections approximatelyevery 325 m. Such interconnections can be used for maintenance purposes and evacuation purposes in case of accidents.2.4.The Brenner tunnelOne of the most striking bottlenecks in passenger and goods transit between Northern Europe andItaly is the north-south connection from Munich via the Brenner Pass to Verona. At present, only one-third of the freight volume can be carried by rail, whilst two-third has to be carried by road over the Brenner Pass. Thus, it is of great importance that the modern railway networks, which either exist or are in the process of being created in the countries of the EuropeanCommunity with their high-speed sections, are welded together via long railway tunnels, which can overcome the Alps as a barrier. If one considers that each year until the turn-of-thecentury, an anticipated trans-goods volume of 150 million tonnes has to be carried over the Brenner Pass 800 m above sea-level, it is thus not surprising that the citizens of the surrounding states have called for the removal of this traffic bottleneck against the background of environmental considerations. The Brenner Base tunnel is urgently required. According to the feasibility study, it consists of a railway tunnel of approximately 55 km length, connecting Innsbruck, Austria and Fortezza, Italy. The rail traffic in the tunnel is similar to that in the Gotthard tunnel and will include approximately 340 trains per day, with 80% of goods trains, of which 10-15% contain dangerous substances. A flnal decision regarding the tunnel configuration has not been taken since the project Is in the feasibility study phase; however, it appears very likely that two single-track tunnels with frequent interconnections as proposed for the Gotthard tunnel would be selected. A safety study has shown that the risk of the tunnel during operation is acceptable if appropriate safety measures are applied [4].Mont Ce'nis tunnel.2.5.The Mont Ce'nis tunnelImproved transport links through the Alps are needed not only because of threatened capacity bottlenecks but also because of the insufficient quality of the existing railway lines through the mountains. The latter, regarded as a technical marvel in the last century, are circuitous with many curves and thus have little chance of competing with the fast Alpine motorways of the present day. In addition to the planned north-south main railway lines through the Alps, the delegates to the World congress for Railway Research in Florence discussed the project for a high-speed east-west rail link taking in Venice, Milan, Turin, Mont Ce'nis, Lyon and Paris. One section of this project is the line between Montme z lian and Turin, catering for mixed passenger and goods traffic, with a base tunnel of 54 km in length beneath Mont d9Ambin.The possible traffic capacities are:•30-40 high-speed trains with a velocity of 220 km/h,•80 goods trains of classical design and combined with a velocity of 100-120 km/h,•50-60 car trains with a velocity of 120-140 km/h.Thus, two single-lane tunnels have been selected as the system configuration (see Fig. 3) with a clearance profile of 43 in2 each [5]. As a result of the topographical conditions and without exceeding a 1.2% gradient for the line, an intermediate point of attack and evacuation point is possible to the north of Modane. Consequently, the project could be executed in the form of two tunnels, each less than 30 km long.2.6.Tunnel under the Great BeltThe tunnel under the Great Belt has a length of ca. 8 km and consists of two single-track tunnels (center distance 25 m) with 30 interconnections every 250 m which serve for evacuation and escape of people in case of an accident [6].2.7.Concluding remarksBased on the aforementioned brief review of existing or planned tunnels, the following conclusions with respect to their design and safety philosophy can be drawn:(a)the design philosophy is somehow different in each of the aforementioned tunnel projects and depends on the national requirements, the tunnel configuration and geometry and the tunnel characteristics (see Table 2);(b)in each case a package of special safety measures is recommended to reduce risk; cost-benefit considerations are usually Implemented to define the optimum package of safety systems;(c)geometries affecting the escape and rescue capabilities vary significantly from case to case (seeTable 2).The basic aspect affecting the tunnel safety is the tunnel configuration. The following tunnel systems are generally considered:(a)one double-track tunnel;(b)one double-track tunnel with service tunnel;(c)two single-track tunnels;(d)two single-track tunnels with service tunnel;(e)three single-track tunnels.Table 2 Comparison of relevant design parameters related to safety in tunnels (TSTT: two single track tunnels; ODTT: one double track tunnel)System Length (km) Distance interconnect, (m) Width of escape-way (m) Traffic itrain/day) Freight trains (%) Velocity Tunnel(km/h)Mont Ce nis TSTT 54 250 > 1.20 160-180 44-50 220Great Belt TSTT 8.0 250 1.20 240 40 10()Eurotunnel TSTT 50 375 1.10 110 45 160Seikan ODTT 53.9 600-1000 0-0.6 40 50 240Gotthard TSTT 57 325 0.75 300 80 200Brenner TSTT 55 250 1.60 340 80 250Fig. 4. Relative risk value for tunnel systems compared to the risk of the double track tunnel.Fig. 4 illustrates the relative risk picture for the aforementioned tunnel systems. The values are based on results from several tunnel risk studies. The final choice of the tunnel system depends not only on safety aspects, but also on other criteria such as costs (construction and maintenance costs), geology and local topography conditions, and operability requirements, etc. In general for tunnels with a length greater than 5 km the configuration of two single-track tunnels is recommended because of the better safety and operability conditions.3.Risk analysis basis3.1.Evaluation of accident statisticsAccident statistics and safety In railway transportation have been discussed in the past and special problems such as the transportation of dangerous materials or fire propagation in tunnels have been analyzed [4,6,7]. The primary causes of accidents can be classified into:•internal causes一mechanical or electrical failures concerning the control guide system as well as the logistic and in service systems;•external causes—arthquakes, floods, avalanches^ etc.;•causes associated to human action― perating faults, errors during maintenance, sabotages,terroristic attacks.Table 3 illustrates the major accidents in railway tunnels during the period 1970-1993. •Based on a critical review of accidental statistics in railway operation, the dominating initiating events and the associated probabilities of occurrence as derived for the Brenner tunnel study are shown in Table 4 for the two basic tunnel configurations, ie one double-track tunnel and two single-track tunnels. The values are based on accident statistics of the Austrian, German and Italian Railways. No relevant accidents have been thereby excluded and approximate correction factors have been considered to account for the safety systems related to the new technology.Table 3 Tunnel accidents in Western Europe with fatalitiesduring the period 1970-1993Date Location Fatalities Initiating event22-7-1971 Simplon (CH)5Derailment16-6-1972 Soissons (F) 108 Hit against an obstacle22-8-1973 S. Sasso (I) 4 Collision23-7-1976 Simplon (CH) 6 Derailment....-4-1980 Sebadell (E) 5 tier21-1-1981 Calabria (I) 5 Hit against an obstacle9-1-1984 El Pais (E) 2 Collision18-4-1984 Spiez (CH) 1 Collision23-12-1984 Bologna (I) 15 Sabotage26-7-1988 Castiglione (I) 1 Fire14-9-1990 Gurtnellen (CH) 1 Derailment31-7-1993 Doniodossola (I) 1 Collision32 Analysis procedureThe analysis of accidents in hazardous scenarios is performed by using event trees. The event tree approach represents a straightforward procedure for describing accidental scenarios and it can include different variables and the notation of time. The probabilities of events in the paths of the event trees are estimated based on the available data, on expert opinion and onengineering Judgement. The complete risk-analysis procedure is shown in Fig. 5. On the basis of the tunnel design and with reference to historical railway accidents, the most important hazardous scenarios are identified. For each selected scenario a probabilisti event tree analysis is performed and the accidental scenario consequences in terms of damages to passengers, Le. facilities are evaluated. The consequence analyses can be based on sophisticated tools that allow to model relevant accidental scenarios in a confined environment. The analysis of the safety measures consists of an evaluation of the actual safety performance of each one of them. Such an evaluation is based, in many cases, on sound engineering Judgement due to the lack of experience with the new safety systems.33. Case studyThe aforementioned procedure has been applied to compute the societal risk in terms of expected fatalities based on the accidental probabilities given in Table 4. The obtained results are illustrated in terms of expected fatalities in Table 5・ A typical application of the results is provided for a 10 km long tunnel in Table 6 for two tunnel systems, i.e. two single-track tunnels and one double-track tunnel. The first system is, as expected, much safer; however, in both cases the obtained societal risk is small. It is noted that the most significant contributor to risk is collision. The acceptability of the risk values is discussedin Section 4.Table 4Input accidental frequencies per one million train kilometers (ODTT: one double track tunnel; TSTT: two single track tunnels)Initiating event TSTT ODTTDerailment0.001Collision0.0002Hit against an obstacle 0.006Fire0.0009 0.001 0.0003 0.006 0.0009Table 5Societal risk, i.e. expected fatalities per 1 million train kilometers (ODTT:one double track tunnel; TSTT: two single track tunnels)Initiating event TSTT ODTT DerailmentCollision 0.025 (46%)0.017 (55%)0.012Hit against an obstacle 0.011 (20%)0.003 (10%)Fire 0.006 (11%)0.006(19%)Total 0.054 (100%)0.031 (100%)4.Risk perception considerations4.1.BackgroundBoth individual risk and societal risk are considered. The acceptable individual risk is a function of the indhdduaPs involvement; different acceptable levels should be defined for activities where the individual voluntarily exposes himself to the hazard with respect to an involuntary participation[8]«For voluntary risk, an upper limit of probability of death per year equal to 1022 has been defined; whereas for the involuntary risk, the following values have been suggested:•P> 10^ 一not acceptable;•10'6< p< ICT1一tolerable;•p < IO"6一acceptable.Table 6Societal risk for the example tunnel (100 trains per day; 10 km long) expressed in expected fatalities per year (ODTT: one double track tunnel; TSTT: two single track tunnels) Initiating event TSTTFor societal risk, the acceptability criteria are based on the definition of an acceptable probabilityrange for events of given consequences. Of course, the severest consequences are associated with the lowest values of the acceptable probability.4.2. Safety standards for other industrial activitiesA brief review of the acceptability risk criteria proposed or adopted by different industrial sectors is provided [9]. Table 7 summarizes the type of approach followed by these industries to define safety targets.42L Road transportRoad accidents have been extensively analyzed and several statistical syntheses have beenpresented. Nevertheless, roadway regulations do no present any quantitative evaluation of the present risk level for the roadway system and do not propose acceptable limits on the occurrence of accidental events.4.2.2. Air transportRisk acceptability criteria have been defined for air transport by some rules and regulations,however, no unique criterion exists yet. At present, one can consider that the acceptable risk level is 1027 accidents with fatalities per hour of flight, corresponding to approximately 2 £ 10210 accidents per kilometer of flight.Table 7 'Risk acceptability criteria for various industrial activitiesQuantitativeRoad transport X XAir transport XChemical XNuclear XOffshore X4.2.3. Chemical industryChemical industries are exposed to hazards that include fires, explosions, toxic releases; riskODTT 0.0039 0.0017 Collision 0.0056Hit agaist an obstacle0.0010 Fire Total0.0103 0.00830.0036 0.0020 0.0020 0.0178analyses in the chemical industry is therefore a strong tradition. Quantitative criteria for the definition of societal acceptable risk levels have been presented [10].4.2.4.Nuclear power plantsSafety is obviously a major concern for nuclear power plants. During design, accidental events with an insignificant probability of occurrence are usually not taken into account. Several studies performed for some plants concluded that the probability of core melt is of the order of 1024-1025 occurrences per year [11].4.2.5.Offshore production platformsSeveral studies have addressed the definition of target safety levels for societal risk for the offshore Industry. In Canada, for example, safety criteria have been defined, based on cost-benefit considerations and comparison to other industrial risks [12], that indicate an annual probability of 1025 for catastrophic consequences, 1023 for severe consequences and 1021 for minor consequences.4.3.Methodological approachThe basic criterion for the definition of a target safet level for a railway system is to assume that the safety inherent in the traditional railways in the past two or three decades is acceptable. The safety target is, therefore derived by analyzing the recent risk history of the railways in terms of the frequency of occurrence of accidents and the extent of their consequences. The procedure generally used to estimate the risk associatedto railway transport is based on the analyses of the frequency of occurrence of given consequences for a given accident; the risk Ri for the ith type of accident is therefore given by:& - RG(1) where pi is the probability of occurrence of the ith type of accident and Ci is the expected consequence of the ith type of accident.Globally, the generic risk Rt is defined as:%=£pg ⑵IThe consequences Ci are generally classified according to three levels of gravity: “medium”, “severe” and “catastrophic”. To each of these classes it has been associated a mean number of victims:•medium consequences: 3 victims;•severe consequences: 30 victims; and•catastrophic consequences: 300 victims.The evaluation of the probability pi can be performed assuming that accidental events occuraccording to a Poisson process; this means thataccidental events are independent [13]. Theprobability of having n accidental events of type/during the time T is given by:P i (n/T} = e-uT (uTy t ln\ (3)where in is the frequency of occurrence of the accidentalevents; whereas the probability of having at least one accidentalevent no in the same time is given by:R (〃O /T )= I -戒 (4)For accidents associated to catastrophic consequencesonly, a few events occurred and therefore statistical data are notsufficient to provide reliable estimates. For these events it istherefore recomniended to use a Bayesian approach.The probability of having at least one accident during the timeTo, having observed n events in a time interval 7\ is given by:p (m ,〃,r )=i-i/[i+7;/Tr +, (5)The aforementioned methodology has been applied ondata of recorded accidents of the Italian, Austrianand German railways. The results are presented in Fig. 6 in a diagram where the consequences, in terms ofexpected victims, are plotted against the annualprobability of having at least one accident that leads to these consequences. Results are considered valid for a first deflnition of an acceptable safety level for Western Europe railway systems and are comparable to the computed values for various tunnel projects.The following can be observed in Fig. 6:10 tolerable and negligibleof riskmatrix:of Fig. 7. Principle classification classification intolerable, undesirable, x.104•events of medium consequences are associated with an annual probability of 10 M (per train-kilometer); •events of severe consequences areassociated with an annual probability of10'10 (per train-kilometer); and•events of catastrophic consequencesRISK CLASSIFICATOI CCR HazardProbeWlVare associated with a probability of 10'11 (per train-kilometer). The curve of Fig. 6, therefore, defines the acceptability conditions for the studiedSuppose, for example, that to a tunnel of approximately 50 km length is associated a daily trafficof 200 trains in both directions, the return periods associated with the accidental events are:■ medium consequences: 100 years;• severe consequences: 1000 years; and• catastrophic consequences: 10 000 years.The return period for “medium consequences” would then result in the same order of magnitudeof the mean life of important infrastructures, such as, for example, a HSR line or a long alpine tunnel.For catastrophic consequences, the return period results are of the same order of magnitude of thataccepted, for example, for offshore production platforms and chemical plants (of the order of 10 000 years) while it results lower than the limit imposed for nuclear plants, which are, however, associated with consequences of significantly higher gravity. As a final remark, it should be noted that the p-C curve proposed in Fig. 6 represents the mean outcome of a probabilistic analysis where several random variables, associated to various uncertainties, have been considered. The acceptability of points falling close to the curve should therefore be critically evaluated also on the basis of cost considerations. Thus, further studies should be aimed at deflning not Just an acceptability curve, but a “desired” region in the p-C diagram which also takes into account cost-benefit considerations.44 Compatibility with rulesNational guidelines regarding the safety of railway tunnels recommend the implementation ofsafety measuresln order to reduce risk. Quantitative risk acceptability criteria are not provided. However, the new EN standards [14] are based on the definition of an acceptable probability range for events of given consequences; to the severest consequences are associated the lowest values of the acceptable probability. For that purpose, the qualitative hazard probability levels suitable for use within railway applications have been defined as:Incredible —xtremely unlikely to occur. It can be assumed that the hazard may not occur;Improbable 一unlikely to occur but possible. It can be assumed the hazard may exceptionally occur; Remote 一likely to occur at sometime in system lifetime. It can be reasonably expectedfor the hazard to occur;Occasional 一likely to occur several times;Probable 一will occur several times. The hazard can be expected to occur often; andFrequent 一likely to occur frequently. The hazard will be continually experienced. Qualitativehazard severity levels have been also defined as follows:Catastrophic 一Fatalities and/or multiple severe injuries;Critical 一Single fatality or severe injury and loss of major system;railway systems, in particular, p-C conditions that fall below the curve are associated to acceptable safety levels.。

铁路混凝土强度检验评定标准英文版

铁路混凝土强度检验评定标准英文版

铁路混凝土强度检验评定标准英文版Railway Concrete Strength Inspection and Evaluation StandardsConcrete plays a crucial role in the construction of railway infrastructure, including track beds, platforms, and retaining walls. The strength of concrete used in railway projects is of utmost importance to ensure safety and durability. In order to evaluate the strength of railway concrete accurately, specific inspection and evaluation standards have been established.1. ScopeThis standard applies to the inspection and evaluation of concrete strength in railway construction projects. It covers all types of concrete used in railway infrastructure, including plain concrete, reinforced concrete, and prestressed concrete.2. Sampling and TestingSamples of concrete shall be taken from various locations within the structure, following a specified sampling plan. The samples shall be tested in a certified laboratory using standardized testing methods, such as the compression test. The testing shall be conducted at regular intervals as per the project requirements.3. Acceptance CriteriaThe strength of concrete shall be evaluated based on the results of the compression tests. The minimum acceptable strength for concrete used in railway projects shall be specified in the project specifications. Any concrete samples that do not meet the minimum strength requirements shall be rejected and the appropriate remedial measures shall be taken.4. Quality ControlQuality control measures shall be implemented throughout the construction process to ensure that the concrete meets the required strength standards. This may include monitoring the mixing and curing processes, as well as conducting regular inspections of the concrete structures.5. Non-Destructive TestingIn addition to compression tests, non-destructive testing methods may also be used to evaluate the strength of concrete in railway projects. These methods include ultrasonic testing, rebound hammer testing, and maturity testing. Non-destructive testing can provide valuable information about the in-situ strength of concrete without damaging the structure.6. DocumentationAll test results, inspection reports, and quality control records shall be documented and maintained as part of the project documentation. This documentation shall be reviewed by the project engineer and the client to ensure compliance with the specified standards.7. Evaluation of Existing StructuresIn cases where existing concrete structures are being evaluated for strength, specific testing methods and acceptance criteria shall be established based on the condition of the structure and the intended use. Special care shall be taken to ensure that the evaluation is accurate and reliable.In conclusion, the strength of concrete used in railway construction projects must be carefully inspected and evaluated to ensure the safety and durability of the infrastructure. By following the established standards and procedures, engineers and contractors can ensure that the concrete meets the required strength requirements and that the railway projects are completed successfully.。

英语翻译三级口译汉译英铁路提速原文

英语翻译三级口译汉译英铁路提速原文

英语翻译三级口译汉译英铁路提速原文提速铁路,Speed-Up Railway1)Speed-Up Railway提速铁路1.According To The Current Status And Problems Existing In Railway Track Maintenance Management For Speed-Up Railway In China,This Paper Combines The Track Geometric Data From Typical Railway Lines And Their Management Needs,Develops A Track Integral Maintenance System,And Introduces TheFunctions,Software Structure And The Typical Applications Of This System.针对中国铁路大提速中轨道养护维修管理的现状及存在的问题,以典型线路的轨道几何状态检测数据和工务管理内容为研究对象,研发了一套适合提速铁路的轨道综合养护管理系统。

2)Railway Acceleration铁路提速1.The Aim Of The Thesis Is To Recognize The Meaning Of Railway Acceleration And Evaluate The Social Benefit Of It Scientifically,This Is Of Very Importance To Further The Speed Accerleration Of Railway Well,And Promote Sustainable Development Of The National Economy And Communication And Transportation.本文的工作目的在于正确认识铁路提速的意义并科学评价铁路提速的社会效益,这对于进一步搞好铁路提速工作,促进国民经济和交通运输业的持续发展具有十分重要的意义。

铁路工程词汇中英对照翻译

铁路工程词汇中英对照翻译

铁路工程词汇中英对照翻译2007-08-08 17:17线路工程 railway line engineering铁路勘测 ;铁道勘测 railway reconnaissance铁路选线 ;铁道选线 railway route selection;railwaylocation;approximate railway location;location of railway route selection经济勘察 economic investigation地质调查 geological survey;geologic survey方案比较 project comparison铁路勘探 ;铁道勘探 railway exploration铁路测量 ;铁道测量 railway survey线路测量 route survey;profile survey;longitudinal survey曲线测量 curve survey既有线测量 survey of existing line;survey of existing railway铁路线路图 ;铁道线路图 railway map定线 location of line铁路设计 ;铁道设计 railway design线路设计 track design平面设计 plane design纵断面设计 longitudinal section design横断面设计 transverse section design曲线设计 curve design车站设计 station design站场设计 design of stations and yards标准设计 standard design线路等级 line grade铁路限界 ;铁道限界 railway clearance建筑限界 construction clearance设计规范 code of design设计标准 design standard铁路线路 ;铁道线路 railway line铁路曲线 ;铁道曲线 railway curve缓和曲线 transition curve;easement curve;spiral transition curve 小半径曲线 small-radius curve曲线半径 curve radius曲线超高 superelevation on curve;cant;elevation of curve欠超高 inadequate superelevation;deficient superelevation未被平衡加速度 unbalanced acceleration竖曲线 vertical curve坡道 gradient坡度 grade;gradient;slope限制坡度 ruling grade;limiting grade坡度折减 grade compensation;compensation of gradient;gradientcompensation避难线 refuge siding;catch siding双线插入段 double track interpolation铁路连接线 ;铁道连接线 railway connecting line隧道内线路 line in tunnel桥头引线 bridge approach站线 siding站线长度 length of station line铁路标志 ;铁道标志 railway sign警冲标 fouling point indicator;fouling post线路中心线 track center line;central lines of track线间距离 ;线间距 distance between centres of lines;distance between centers of tracks;midway between tracks线路试验 ;线路实验 track test;road test;running test路基 subgrade铁路路基 ;路基;铁道路基 railway subgrade;subgrade软土路基 soft soil subgrade沙漠路基 desert subgrade冻土路基 permafrost subgrade膨胀土路基 subgrade in swelling soil zone路基基床 subgrade bed路堤 embankment;fill高路堤 high-fill embankment路堑 cut;road cutting深路堑 deep cutting路肩 road shoulder;subgrade shoulder边坡 side slope护坡 revetment;slope protection;pitching路基滑动 subgrade slip滑坡防治 landslide preventive treatment路基排水 subgrade drainage塑料排水板 plastic drainage board路基加固 subgrade strengthening土工织物 geotextile挡土墙 ;挡墙 retaining walls锚定板 anchor plate锚杆 anchor bolt抗滑桩 antiskid pile;anti-slide pile;counter-sliding pile加筋土 reinforced earth植被 vegetation路基防护 subgrade protection防护工程 protective engineering防护林 protection forest防沙 sand proof固沙 stabilization of sand输导砂 sediment transport路侧建筑物 roadside structure排水沟 weeper drain;weep drain;drainage ditch;drain ditch挡风墙 wind-shield wall;wind-break wall隔声墙 sound-proof wall防雪栅 snow fence;snow guard轨道理论 track theory轨道设计 track design轨道参数 track parameter轨距 track gauge;rail gage;rail gauge轨距加宽 track gauge widening轨底坡 cant of rail;rail cant轨道力学 track dynamics;track mechanics轨道强度 track strength轨道阻力 track resistance道床阻力 trackbed resistance;ballast resistance扣固力 fastening force钢轨应力 rail stress轨道承载力 track bearing capacity轨道稳定性 track stability;stability of track轨道试验 ;轨道实验 track test轮轨关系 wheel-rail interaction;wheel-rail relation轮轨动力学 wheel-rail dynamics轮轨作用力 wheel-rail force轮轨接触 wheel-rail contact接触应力 contact stress轨道结构 track structure轨道 track铁路轨道 ;轨道;铁道轨道 railway track;track线路上部建筑 ;轨道 track superstructure;track重型轨道 heavy track宽轨枕轨道 broad sleeper track板式轨道 slab track;slab-track整体道床轨道 monolithic roadbed track防振轨道 anti-vibration track高架轨道 elevated track无缝线路 jointless line;continuously welded rail track;jointless track 桥上轨道结构 bridge deck track structure隧道内轨道结构 track structure in tunnel钢轨 steel rail重型钢轨 heavy rail长钢轨 long rail焊接长钢轨 long welded rail缩短轨 shortened rail;standard shortened rail;fabricated short rail used on curves;standard curtailed rail热处理钢轨 heat-treated rail合金钢轨 alloy steels rail旧钢轨 used rail钢轨钢 rail steel钢轨螺栓孔 rail bolt hole轨缝 rail gap;joint gap钢轨焊缝 rail welding seam钢轨接头 rail joint异型接头 compromise joint伸缩接头 expansion joint焊接接头 welding joint;welded joint绝缘接头 track section insulator;insulated joint胶接接头 adhesive joint鱼尾板 fish plate鱼尾螺栓 fish bolt扣件 fastening;rail fastening弹性扣件 elastic fastening;elastic rail fastening弹条式扣件 elastic rod type fastening分开式扣件 separated fastening;separated rail fastening;indirect holding fastening扣板式扣件 clip fastening刚性扣件 rigid fastening垫圈 ring道钉 spike;track spike;rail spike;dog spike螺纹道钉 threading spike;screw spike垫板 tie-plate;tie plate橡胶垫板 rubber tie-plate;rubber tie plate防爬器 anticreeper;anti-creeper;rail anchor轨距拉杆 gauge tie rod轨下基础 underrail foundation;sub-rail foundation;sub-rail track bed 轨枕 sleeper;tie;cross tie木枕 wooden sleeper;wooden tie混凝土枕 ;砼枕 concrete sleeper;concrete tie轨枕板 ;宽轨枕 sleeper slab;broad sleeper钢枕 steel sleeper;steel tie合成轨枕 composite sleeper纵向轨枕 longitudinal tie岔枕 points sleeper;switch tie;turnout tie桥枕 bridge tie;bridge sleeper轨排 track panel;track skeleton枕下胶垫 rubber pad under sleeper道床 track bed;ballast bed碎石道床 ballast bed整体道床 monolithic track bed;solid bed;integrated ballastbed;monolithic concrete bed沥青道床 bituminous raodbed;asphalt roadbed;asphalt cemented ballast bed石棉道床 asbestos ballast道碴 ballast道床覆盖 ballast cover轨道附属设备 track auxiliary equipment钢轨涂油器 rail lubricator融雪器 snow melter复轨器 replacer;re-railer;rerailing device脱轨器 derailer车挡 bumper;bumper post道岔 switch;point;turnout;switches and crossings单开道岔 single point;simple turnout;lateral turnout双开道岔 double turnout三开道岔 three-throw turnout;symmetrical three throw turnout;three-way turnout交分道岔 slip switch高速道岔 high-speed switch切线型道岔 tangent turnout道岔设计 turnout design过岔速度 switch crossing speed辙叉 frog;crossing整铸辙叉 integrated cast frog锰钢辙叉 manganese steel frog crossing焊接辙叉 welding frog crossing组合辙叉 combined frog;assembled frog可动心轨辙叉 movable point frog;movable-point frog可动翼轨辙叉 movable wing rails;movable-wing frog尖轨 switch point;point tongue;switch rail;tongue rail;blade滑床板 slide chair;slide plate;switch plate基本轨 stock rail翼轨 wing rail护轮轨 guard rail导曲线 curve of turnout;lead curve道岔附带曲线 curve following turnout branch line交叉 crossing渡线 track cross-over;crossover通过道岔 passing switch铁路道口 ;铁道道口 railway crossing平交道口 level crossing道口板 crossing slab道口路面 crossing road surface立体交叉 ;立交 grade separation线路施工 track construction石方工程 rock excavation土方工程 earthwork填方 filling挖方 cutting土方调拨 mass dispatching线路施工机械 track construction machinery and equipment 轨道施工 track construction轨道工程 track construction轨道铺设 track laying铺碴 ballasting轨枕铺设 sleeper laying铺轨 rail-laying轨排组装 track panel assembling轨排装运 track panel loading轨排基地 track panel base钢轨焊接 rail welding钢轨热处理 rail heat treatment钢轨铺设 rail laying钢轨锁定 rail locking道岔铺设 switch laying轨道施工机械 track construction machinery铺轨列车 tracklaying train;track laying train铺轨机 rail-laying machine;track laying machine钢轨焊接车 rail welding car焊轨机 steel rails weldeding mill;rail welding machine 轨排组装机 track panel assembling machine轨排运送车 track panel transport car铺枕机 sleeper-laying machine铺碴车 ballasting car铺碴机 ballasting machine铺道岔机 turnout-laying machine焊接长钢轨运送车 welding long rails transport car动力稳定车 dynamic track stabilizer线路状态 track state路基病害 subgrade defect沉降 settlement坍方落石 ;危石 collapse rock翻浆冒泥 frost boiling;mud-pumping路基壅水 subgrade water damming路基渗流 subgrade seepage flow路基冲刷 subgrade erosion振动液化 vibration liquifaction冻融 freezing and thawing冻胀 frost heaving冻害 freezing damage;frost heaving雪害 snow damage;snow blockade;snow drift沙害 sand damage轨道状态 track condition轨道变形 track deformation;track disorder;track distortion 轨道不平顺 track irregularity低接头 depression of joint三角坑 warp;twist钢轨爬行 rail creeping涨轨跑道 ;钢轨鼓曲 buckled track;rail buckle钢轨疲劳 rail fatigue钢轨伤损 rail failure;rail defects and failures钢轨断裂 rail fracture钢轨裂纹 rail crack;rail crackes轨头剥离 rail head shelling;gage line shelly cracks钢轨锈蚀 rail bubble;rail corrosion钢轨磨耗 rail wearing波形磨耗 ;波浪磨耗 undulatory wear螺孔裂纹 bolt hole crack辙叉伤损 ;辙叉损伤 frog failure木枕开裂 wooden sleeper cracking轨枕伤损 ;轨枕伤损 sleeper damage道床脏污 ballast contamination线路养护 track maintenance线路维修 track maintenance;maintenance of track日常维修 routine maintenance;current maintenance状态修 repairing on condition;repair according to condition 巡回检查 inspection tour轨道检测机具 track detection equipment道尺 track gauge轨道检测 track detection灾害检测装置 disaster detector超声波探伤仪 ultrasonic flaw detector钢轨探伤车 rail detecting car;rail flaw detection car轨道检查车 ;轨检车 track inspection car;track recording car 高速轨道检查车 ;高速轨检车 high-speed track inspection car 养路作业 track maintenance operation起道 track lifting;raising of track垫碴起道 ballast filling track lifting改道 track realigning;gage correction;gaging of track拨道 track lining捣固 tamping除草 weeding除草剂 herbicide除雪 snow clearing防冻 anti-freezing融雪 snow melt融雪剂 snow melt agent钢轨加热 rail heating钢轨打磨 rail grinding钢轨矫直 straightening of kinked rail钢轨更换 rail replace钢轨探伤 rail detecting钢轨焊补 rail repairing welding轨缝调整 rail gap adjusting应力放散 stress-relieving钢轨温度 rail temperature钢轨涂油 rail lubrication轨枕更换 sleeper replacement扣件作业 fastening operation轨枕修补 sleeper mending枕木防腐 timber sleeper treating道岔养护 switch maintenance道岔更换 switch replacement辙叉焊补 frog welding and repairing道床作业 ballast operation道碴清筛 ballast screening道碴更换 ballast replacement道床整形 ballast trimming曲线养护 curved track maintenance线路管理系统 track management system养路组织 track maintenance organization养路计划 track maintenance planning维修天窗 maintenance time维修周期 maintenance period养路安全 track maintenance safety列车接近警报器 ;列车接近报警器;列车接近报警装置 train approach warning device养路质量 track maintenance quality养路机械化 track maintenance machinization线路中修 intermediate repair of track起道修 ;线路中修 track raising repair;track intermediate overhaul线路大修 major repair of track线路更新 ;线路大修 track renewal;track overhauling线路修复 track restoration铁路抢修 ;铁道抢修 railway emergency maintenance养路机械 track maintenance machine起道机 track lifting machine拨道机 track lining machine起拨道机 track lifting and lining machine捣固机 tamping machine捣固车 tamping wagon道床夯拍机 ballast compactor配碴整形机 ballast distributing and trimming machine;ballast distributing and regulating machine道碴清筛机 ballast cleaner扒碴机 crib ballast raker;crib ballast removers道碴更换机 ballast replacement eqnipment道床清扫机 ballast cleaning machine轨枕更换机 sleeper replacement equipment钢轨更换机 rail replacement equipment钢轨打磨机 rail grinding machine钢轨打磨车 rail grinding wagon直轨器 rail straightening tool;rail straightener锯轨机 rail saw;rail cutting machine;rail sawing machine钢轨钻孔机 rail drilling machine钢轨加热器 rail heater轨缝调整器 rail gap adjuster;rail puller道钉机 spike driver除雪机 snowbreaker;snow removing machine;snow remover除雪车 snow-fighting vehicle;snow plow;snow plough除草机 weeder;weed cutting machine;weed cutter清沟机 ditcher碎冰机 ice crusher养路机具 track maintenance implements液压机具 hydraulic tool轨道车 track car上下道装置 up and down track device发电车 mobile power plant car;generator car综合养路机械 comprehensive track maintenance machine机械化养路基地 mechanized maintenance base工务部门 maintenance of way branch大修队 capital repair brigade工务段 engineering district;maintenance of way section;track division;track district;track maintenance division养路员工 track maintenance worker工务修配厂 maintenance of way shop焊轨厂 rail welding plant枕木防腐厂 timber sleeper treating plant采石场 quarry;stonepit。

铁道车辆词汇英汉对照

铁道车辆词汇英汉对照

AAAMA(Administrative Aspects of Market Access)市场准入的行政管理措施abnormal phenomenon 异常现象abnormal sound 异声,不正常声音abnormal wear 不正常磨耗abrasive 磨料abrasive cloth砂布abrasive disc研磨盘abrasive resistance耐磨强度abrasive surface 磨耗面abrasive wear磨耗, 磨蚀, 磨损abrasive wheel砂轮absorbent 吸收剂absorption system 吸收系统absorption-type refrige rating unit吸收式制冷机组absorptivity 吸收系数ABS System (Automatic Block Signal System) 自动闭塞信号系统accelerated release 加速缓解accelerated release rate加速缓解率accelerated release reservoir加速缓解风缸accelerating potential加速电压acceleration transducer 加速度传感器accelerator 加速器accelerator valve 加速阀accelerograph 加速度仪accelerometer加速度仪acceptable offer可接受的报价acceptance L/C承兑信用证acceptance of goods接受货物accepting bank承兑银行accessory contract (合同附件)从契约accessory frame 辅框accessory frame assembly 辅框组成accessory of underframe 底架附属件accident and indemnity(A. & I. )意外事故及损害赔偿accommodation bill 通融(汇划)票据account (A/C或Acct.)帐户, 帐单account of (A/O) 某人帐内accounting dollar计帐美元across-the-board tax-cut全面减税accumulated kilometrage 累计行驶公里数accumulated mileage累计行驶里数accumulative commission累计佣金accumulator 蓄电池,蓄能器accumulator box蓄电池箱acetylene 乙炔气acetylene generator乙炔发生器AC-DC power supply 交流-直流供电AC inductor generator交流感应子发电机acid accumulator 酸性蓄电池acid battery酸性蓄电池acid corrosion 酸性腐蚀acid pickling 酸洗acid proof 耐酸acid slag酸性渣acidity酸度acoustic insulation 隔音ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group) 非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团(洛美协定)actionable subsidy(补贴协议)可诉补贴active control bogie主动控制转向架actual braking distance实制动距离actual braking time 实制动时间actual tare实际皮重actual throat焊逢厚度actual total loss实际全损actual weight (A/W)实际重量actuator 致动器ac wiring 交流布线adapter 承载鞍additional period of time额外时间additional premium附加保费adequate insurance充分保险adhesion (轮轨之间的) 粘着力adhesion braking 粘着制动adhesive tape 胶带adjustable spanner活扳手adjustable wrench活扳手adjuster nut 调整器螺母adjusting hand wheel 调整手轮adjusting lead screw 调整丝杠adjusting lever 调整杠杆adjusting lever seat 调节杆安装座adjusting nut 调整螺母adjusting pad 调整垫adjusting plate 调整板adjusting ring (风扇) 摇头环adjusting screw调整螺丝adjusting shoulder调整凸肩adjusting spring 调整弹簧, 复原弹簧adjusting spring seat 调整弹簧座adjustment brokerage理算手续费ad valorem(拉丁语A.V.)按价, 从价advance payment guarantee预付款保证函advanced B/L预借提单, 无货提单advanced deposits进口押金制advanced freights(A.F.)预付运费advancing (价格)趋涨advice of drawing汇款通知书advising bank/notifying bank通知银行Aero Insurance Underwriters (A.I.U.) 航空保险承保人/公司affirmative covenant保单afloat (in transit) 路货, 在途after-sales-service 售后服务after sight见票后ageing, aging 时效, 老化agency trade代理贸易agent (Agt.)代理商agglomerated flux烧结焊剂aggregate amount总金额aggregate to…总(合)计agitator 搅拌器agreement of intent意向协议书AIEE ( American Institute of Electrical Engineer ) 美国电气工程师学会air admission pipe 进气管air admission port 进气口air(way) bill of lading空运提单air brake 空气制动机air-brake equipment 空气制动装置air-brake hose 空气制动软管air-brake hose 空气制动软管air-brake hose clamp空气制动软管夹具air brake hose coupling空气制动软管联接器air brake hose label 空气制动软管标签air brake safety control空气制动机安全控制air brake system 空气制动系统air chamber bushing 气室套air circuit breaker 空气断路器air cleaner 空气洁净装置, 空气过滤器air coil 空气 ( 冷却 ) 盘管air compressor 空气压缩机air compressor governor空气压缩机调压器air compressor governor synchronizing system 空气压缩机调压器同步机构air compressor suction strainer空气压缩机进风滤尘器air compressor switch 空气压缩机开关air-conditioned passenger car 空调客车air-conditioning equipment 空调装置air conditioning test 空调试验air conditioning unit 单元式空调机组air-cooling equipment 风冷装置air cushioned spring 空气弹簧air cylinder body 气缸体air damper 空气减振器air delivery duct 送风道air diffuser 送风口, 空气扩散器air duct 风道air-exhaust device 排气装置air filter 空气过滤器(滤清器)air freshener 空气清新器air heater 空气加热器air hose 通风软管air inlet cock 给风塞门air inlet duct 进风道air inlet pipe 进风管air lines风管道air gauge 压力表, 风压表air gauge cock压力表塞门air grid 出风格栅air inlet pipe 进气管air outlet hood 散风罩air pipe strainer 风管滤尘器air port 风口air-precooling equipment 空气预冷装置air-preheating equipment 空气预热装置air pressure gauge 压力表air pressure reservoir气室air pump 风泵, 即空气压缩机air pump governor 风泵调压器air refrigerating machine 空气制冷机air relay valve 空气中继阀air reservoir 储风缸air reservoir clamp储风缸夹air reservoir/tank body 气室体air-return duct 回风道air seasoning = natural seasoning自然干燥air spring空气弹簧air spring assembly空气弹簧组成air spring height-measure plate空簧高度测量板air spring support 空簧支承梁air tightness 气密性air tightness test气密性试验air transport document空运提单air valve body 空气阀体air velocity 风速air/water sequence valve 气/水联动阀air waybill航空运输单据airway bill of lading空运提单airway delivery note空运提货单air whistle 风笛, 风鸣器aisle 走廊aisle decoration strip 大走廊饰带板alarm circuits 报警电路alkaline accumulator / battery碱性蓄电池all risks insurance全(一切)险alley lamp = panel lamp 壁灯allowance 加工余量allowance for damage货损折价all steel-covered wagon 全钢棚车alongside B/L靠船边提单alternation of destination charge变更卸货港附加费aluminum alloy carbody 铝合金车体aluminum profile 铝型材aluminum straight edge 铝直尺ambient temperature 环境温度ambiguous clause含义不明条款ambulance car 卫生车amendment of contract修改合同ammeter 电流表amount of insurance in force现行保险额analysis certificate 化验证明anchor plate 下鞍, 油罐托angle 角钢, 角铁angle cock 折角塞门angle cock hanger折角塞门吊板angle iron 角铁angle of advance提前角angle steel角钢anneal v. ; n.(使)退火annealed 退火的annealed casting退火铸件annealed steel 退火钢annealed tensile strength退火后的拉伸强度announcement of tender招标通告annual closing年终结算annual run-in capacity年磨合容量anodization n.阳极氧化处理anodize = anodise v. 阳极氧化处理antedated B/L倒签提单antenna 天线装置antenna hook 天线钩antenna support base 天线支柱座antenna-tension porcelain insulator天线拉紧瓷瓶antenna tension spring 天线拉紧弹簧anticipatory L/C预支信用证anti-creep ledge防脱台anti-creep plate 防跳板anticreep 防脱性能anti-creep prong二次防脱尖端anti-creep shelf防脱止端anti-creep stop 防脱止端anti-dumping lawsuit 反倾销诉讼anti-dumping measures against反倾销措施anti-roll bar 抗侧滚扭杆anti-roll bar assembly抗侧滚扭杆组成anti-rotating plate 防转板anti-rotating stop 防转止挡antiskid device 防滑器antiskid footsteps 防滑脚蹬anti-wheel slide system (AWSS)车轮防滑系统anti-yaw damper 抗蛇行减振器anti-yaw damper seat 抗蛇行减振器座appeal body 上诉机构applicant申请人application for marine insurance海运投保单/投保书application piston 作用活塞application piston stem作用活塞杆application valve 作用阀, 控制阀application valve bracket作用阀安装座application valve stem作用阀杆appraisal certificate评价证明书appraiser of customs海关检验员approximate (Approx.)约计arbitration clause仲裁条款arbitration court仲裁院arc blow电弧偏吹(磁偏吹)arc brazing电弧硬钎焊arc cutting电弧切割arc force电弧力arc length弧长arc self-regulation电弧自身调节arc spot welding电弧点焊arc spraying电弧喷涂arc stability电弧稳定性arc stabilizer稳弧剂arc stiffness电弧挺度arc voltage电弧电压arc welding电弧焊arc welding gun焊枪arch bar bogie 拱板转向架argon shielded arc welding氩弧焊argon shielded arc welding - pulsed arc 脉冲氩弧焊arrival draft货到后提示的汇票article (Art.) 条款articulated car 关节式车, 铰接式车ASEAN Free Trade Area东盟自由贸易区as welded焊态assessable to tax应课税的atmospheric corrosion test大气腐蚀试验at buyer’s opt ion由买方决定at named inland point of departure在指定的内陆发货地点at seller’s option由卖方决定atomic hydrogen welding原子氢焊attachment附件attendant call system 呼叫乘务员系统“at the market”照市价audible attendant call system呼叫乘务员可听装置audible visual warning 视听报警austenite annealing奥氏体退火austenite stainless steel 奥氏体不锈钢authority to pay 支付授权书authority to purchase (A/P)购买授权书auto-coupling 自动挂接; 自动连挂automatic air brake 自动空气制动机automatic brake valve自动制动阀automatic changeover 自动换挡/切换automatic coupler 自动车钩automatic height adjuster自动高度调整装置automatic lock 自动锁automatic slack adjuster闸瓦间隙自动调整器automatic temperature-control device温度自动控制装置automatic train control(ATC)自动列车控制automatic welding自动焊auxiliary power system 辅助电源系统auxiliary repair plate 辅修牌, 定检牌auxiliary reservoir 副风缸auxiliary transom 辅助梁average retardation rate 平均减速度average tare平均皮重award裁决,判决axis of weld焊缝轴线axle body 轴身axle box guide轴箱定位; 轴箱导框axle box guidance device轴箱定位装置axle box spring 轴箱弹簧axle braking ratio 轴制动率axle diameter 轴径axle load 轴荷重axle loading force 轴载荷axle temperature measuring hole轴温测孔axle temperature sensor 轴温传感器axle temperature surveillance system 轴温检测系统Bback bead封底焊道backfire回火backflow回流backgouging清根backhand welding右焊法backing焊接衬垫backing shoe(焊接)铜滑块backlog未交订货back order 暂时无法满足的订货backstep sequence welding分段退焊back stop 门挡back to back L/C对背信用证back(-)up (计算机)备份; 支承backup ring 支承环, 垫圈backup washer支撑垫圈back view后视图back welding 封底焊backing焊接衬垫backing bead打底焊道backing plate 顶板, 支撑板backing shoe铜滑块backing welding 打底焊backing welding electrode底层焊条backlog积压而未交付的订货back order暂时无法满足的订货backstep sequence welding分段退焊baffle plate 挡板baggage car (美国) 行李车bail保证人balance of international payments/balance of payment国际收支balancer 平衡铁, 平衡器balancer bushing平衡铁套bale(大)包,大捆ball cut-out cocks 球形截断塞门ball seat 球座ball-type angle cock 球芯折角塞门ball union 球面接头ball valve 球形阀bank discount rate银行贴现率bank guarantee for loan借款保证函bank rate银行利率, 银行贴现率bank transfer银行转帐banker’s acceptance bill银行承兑汇票banker’s letter of guarantee银行保证函bar clamp卡栏bar 吧台bar socket (底门)转陀bareboat charter光船租船/静船期租船bare terminal (of an electrode )焊条夹持端barter易货贸易base metal母材金属base tariff level 基础税率basic slag碱性渣basicity碱度batch number批号, 炉号battery box蓄电池箱battery charger 蓄电池充电器battery set /unit蓄电池组bead焊道beam current束流beam power电子束功率bear and bull 买空卖空bear sale卖空bearer 托bearing cap 轴承盖bearing plate 支承板bearing plate assembly支承板组成bearing seat 轴承座bearing sleeve 轴承套bed bracket 床托bedding 卧具belt pulley 皮带轮belt pulley seat 皮带轮座belt rail (车体)大腰带beneficiary受益人bent stop valve 弯形止阀berth 卧铺berth bottom plate卧铺地板berth bracket卧铺托berth chain 卧铺吊链berth curtain 卧铺帘berth curtain hanger卧铺帘挂berth frame 卧铺框berth hanger(上)卧铺钩berth hinge 卧铺折页berth lamp 卧铺灯, 床头灯berth lock卧铺锁berth lock bracket卧铺锁托berth number plate 卧铺号牌berth partition 卧铺间壁berth post 卧铺柱berth safety hook卧铺安全钩berth safety rope 卧铺固定绳berth safety strap卧铺安全带berth side frame 卧铺边框berth sort indicator lamp 席别灯berth support bracket 卧铺支座berth support rod 卧铺支撑杆bevel angle坡口面角度beveling(of the edge)开坡口bid bond投标保证金bi-directional cylinder 双向风缸big guiding bushing 大导向套big repair大修bill at sight即期票据bill at usance远期票据/汇票bill of exchange汇票bill of freight运单bill of lading提(货)单bill of lading to a named person记名提单bill of lading to bearer不记名提单binder粘结剂blade key 平板钥匙blank v. 冲切blind/window shade 百叶窗blind window 盲窗block sequence welding分断多层焊blow-off device 放气装置blow-off valve 放气阀, 急泄阀body 体body center plate 上心盘body center plate support心盘座body center plate support angle心盘座角钢body center plate assembly 上心盘组成body side bearing 上庞承bogie转向架bogie brake rigging转向架基础制动装置bogie center plate 下心盘bogie center plate assembly下心盘组成bogie diagonal转向架对角线bogie friction moment against pivot转向架回转阻力矩bogie pivot 转向架中心销bogie pivot centers转向架中心距bogie rigidity against distortion转向架扭曲刚度bogie rigidity against shearing转向架剪切刚度bogie side bearing base 下旁承体bogie side bearing plate 下旁承盒bogie side bearing rubber pad下旁承胶垫bogie side bearing sliding block下旁承滑块bogie side bearing seat 旁承座bogie with integral box side frame整体侧架转向架bolster枕梁; 摇枕bolster assembly 摇枕组成bolster stop 摇枕挡bolster hanger assembly摇枕吊组成bolster hanger bracket 摇枕吊座bolster hanger lug 摇枕吊耳bolster hanger pin摇枕吊销bolster hanger pin seat摇枕吊销座bolster hanger shaft摇枕吊轴bolster leaf spring摇枕板弹簧bolster opening 摇枕孔bolster spring摇枕弹簧bolster and spring assembly摇枕弹簧组成bolt die 板牙bolt holder 螺栓座BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions 国际收支条款boss 轮毂; 凸台“bottleneck” restrictions 瓶颈制约bottom chord 下弦梁bottom connection plate sill端梁下连接板bottom cover 下盖bottom door 底门bottom door bearing底门轴承bottom door frame底门框bottom door lock pin 下门锁销bottom door plate 底门板bottom door rail 底门纵梁bottom door sash 底门框bottom lock lifter下锁销bottom lock lifter body下锁销体bottom lock lifter hook下锁销钩bottom lock lifter connector下锁销杆bottom oblique chord下斜弦梁bottom-operated water valve下作用水阀bottom operation coupler 下作用车钩bottom plate 底板bottom side bearing box 下旁承盒bottom valve 下阀bottom view底视图, 下视图bound level 约束水平box car 棚车box pallet箱形托盘box reed 盒簧box spanner套筒扳手brace 斜撑bracket 座brain drain人才外流brake 制动机brake bracket 制动梁brake bracket guide制动梁滑槽brake bracket hanger制动梁吊座brake bracket connecting rod制动梁拉杆brake bracket release spring制动梁缓解弹簧brake branch pipe 制动支管brake cylinder 制动缸brake cylinder displacement制动缸排出量brake cylinder exhaust cock制动缸排风塞门brake cylinder force制动缸推力brake cylinder hanger制动缸吊brake cylinder lever 制动缸杠杆brake cylinder lever bracket制动缸杠杆托brake disc 制动盘brake disc assembly制动盘组成brake disc seat制动盘座brake disc seat front fillet制动盘座前肩brake disc seat rear fillet制动盘座后肩brake end nipple pipe 制动端接管brake equipment 制动装置brake hanger 闸瓦托吊brake hanger bracket闸瓦托吊座brake hanger lug闸瓦托吊耳brake head 闸瓦托brake head pin闸瓦托销brake hose coupling 制动软管联接器brake lever 制动杠杆brake lever fulcrum 制动杆支点brake lining 闸片brake main pipe 制动主管brake pin 制动杠杆销brake pipe 制动主管brake piping 制动管brake press 折弯机brake propagation 制动波brake propagation rate制动波速度brake rigging 基础制动装置brake system 制动系统carbody brake rigging车体基础制动装置brake shaft 手制动轴brake shaft bracket手制动轴托brake shaft sleeve手制动轴套brake shoes 闸瓦,刹车片,制动片brake shoe back闸瓦钢背brake shoe clearance闸瓦间隙brake shoe force闸瓦力brake shoes holder闸瓦托brake shoes key闸瓦插销brake shoes slack adjuster闸瓦间隙调整器brake step 手制动踏板brake unit 单元制动机brake wheel 手制动轮braking 制动braking cylinder 制动缸braking deceleration制动减速度braking distance 制动距离braking efficiency 制动效率braking distance 制动距离braking force 制动力braking leverage 制动倍率braking ratio 制动率braking release valve 制动缓解阀branch line 铁路支线branch steam pipe 进气支管branch steam pipe of tee-pipe steam jacket 三通管加温套进气支管branded article商标商品brass 黄铜brazability/solderability钎焊性braze硬钎缝braze interface硬钎焊面braze metal硬钎缝金属brazed/soldered joint钎焊接头brazing 硬钎焊brazing filler metal硬钎料brazing /soldering blowpipe钎炬brazing /soldering flux钎焊焊剂, 钎剂brazing /soldering joint clearance钎缝间隙brazing /soldering temperature钎焊温度breach of condition违反要件breach of contract违反合同breach of warranty违反担保breaking groove 断裂槽breaking strength /ultimate strength断裂强度break跌价break-up value资产静值breathing-type safety valve呼吸式安全阀bridge 电桥, 跨接(线)Brinell hardness 布氏硬度Brinell hardness tester布氏硬度计British thermal unit 英制热量单位broach n. 拉(削)刀broach v. 拉孔, 拉削broaching machine 拉床broadcast desk 播音台broadcaster 播音员broadcasting desk 播音台broadcasting device广播装置broadcasting connector 播音连接器broadcasting room 播音室“broadcasting room” plate“播音室”铭牌broadcasting studio 播音室broad-gauge car 宽轨车broken flange 轮缘破损broken rim 轮辋裂bronze 青铜brushless AC generator无触点交流发电机BSI(British Standard Institute)英国标准学会BTC(British Transport Commission) 英国运输委员会buckle 弯曲, 瓢曲, 中间浪buffer bar 缓冲杆buffer beam缓冲梁buffer disc 圆头缓冲器buffer foot plate 搭板buffer plate 缓冲板buffer rod 缓冲杆buffer rod back seat 缓冲杆后支座buffer rod front seat 缓冲杆前支座buffer seat 缓冲器座buffer spring 缓冲弹簧, 缓冲杆弹簧buffer spring seat 缓冲弹簧座buffer tread plate 搭板buffet car 酒吧车, 小餐车buffet counter小卖部buffing 抛光buffing shoulder (车钩)冲击台builder’s number plate 制造商牌号板build-up sequence熔敷顺序built-in agenda 既定日程bulk cargo 散装货物, 大宗货物bulk carrier散装货船bulk cement car 散装水泥车bulk container散装货集装箱bulkhead plate 堵板bull bar 挡牛板bumper 缓冲挡, 缓冲梁bumper shaft 挡轴bundle (Bdl.)捆, 扎, 束, 卷, 盘bunk 座卧两用铺位bunker surcharge燃料附加费bur 毛刺burn-through烧穿bushing 衬套, 导套business agency商业代理business day 营业日butt joint 对接接头butt weld对接焊缝butt welding 对接焊butterfly bolt蝶形螺栓butterfly circuit 蝶形电路butterfly nut蝶形螺母butterfly valve 蝶(形)阀buying order购货单buying rate买入价buzzer 蜂鸣器by-laws 法规, 规章, 细则by-pass pipe 旁通管by-pass valve 旁通阀by-pass valve cap旁通阀盖by-pass valve cover旁通阀盖by-pass valve rubber seat旁通阀橡胶垫by-pass valve spring旁通阀弹簧by separate mail另邮by way of 经由Ccab 司机室cab apron司机室搭板cab armrest司机室扶手/靠手cab brace司机室托架cab car司机车cab circular window司机室圆窗cab floor beam司机室地板梁cab handhold司机室扶手cab support 司机室托座cable connector 电缆延长连接器cable duct 电缆导管cable duct underneath car 车底电线管cabling 布线, 敷设电缆CAD( computer-aided design)计算机辅助设计calculated braking distance计算制动距离calculation unit核算单位calculator 计算器calendar year日历年度calf rest 腿靠calibrate v.校准calibration n. 校准call for bid招标call for funds招股, 集资call for tender招标call loan活期贷款call rate活期贷款利率callable in 24 hours 24小时内通知付款calling apparatus 呼唤器calorie 卡,小卡calorie meter 热量计calorie value 热值cam 凸轮cam transmission凸轮传动CAM(computer-aided manufacture)计算机辅助制造canceling former order撤销前期订货cancellation clause撤销条款cant rail(英)/plate(美)上侧梁, 顶棚侧梁canvas 帆布cap chain 盖链cap-type nut 盖形螺母capacitance 电容量capacitor 电容器capacity of cooling water 冷却水容量capacity of draft gear 缓冲器容量capillary pipe/tube 毛细管capital equipment固定设备capital investment资本投资capital optimum资本限额capital output ratio资本与产量比capital repair大修car axle 车轴carbide 硬质合金carbide cutter 硬质合金刀具car body carbody 车体carbody shell 车体钢结构carbon arc cutting碳弧气刨carbon arc welding碳弧焊carbon brush 碳刷carbon brush cover 碳刷盖carbon brush holder 碳刷架carbon deposit 积碳, 碳沉积carbon dioxide content 二氧化碳含量carbon equivalent碳当量carbonization 渗碳(处理), 碳化(处理) car building 车辆制造carburetter汽化器, 化油器carburet(t)or汽化器, 化油器carburization渗碳(处理), 碳化(处理) carburizing flame(reducing flame)碳化焰(还原焰)car construction 车辆构造cardan joint 万向接头cardan shaft 万向轴car depot 车辆段car discharge valve 车辆放风阀car door sheave 车门滑轮car fleet 车队car position plate 顺位牌, 车位牌car profile(车顶)弯梁car replacer救援复轨器car signal valve车辆信号阀car with axle generator 母车car without axle generator 子车carbon arc welding碳弧焊carbon copy (cc)复写的副本carbon steel 碳钢card holder 定检框care and maintenance 精心养护care of (c/o) 转交cargo in bulk散装货cargo list 装货/装船清单cargo receipt货物(承运)收据carline (车顶)弯梁carload (C.L.) 整车货carriage = (美国) car 铁路客车carriage paid to (CPT) 运费付至carried forward (c/f) 转下页carried over (c.o.) 结转下期carrier 托carry-over rate转期利率carrying vessel载货船只carte blanche(法语)全权委托carton纸箱case number箱号cash account现金帐目cash against bill of lading (Cash B/L) 凭提单付现金cash against documents (C.A.D.)凭单据付款cash on delivery (C.O.D.)交货付款cash payment现金支付cash sales现金销售cash with order (C.W.O.) 随订单付款cast number 浇铸号cast steel frame 铸钢构架casting(s) 铸件catalog price商品目录价格catenary (电气化铁路) 架空接触线catenary system 架空接触线系统ceiling 内顶篷ceiling DC electric fan 车顶直流电扇ceiling duct 车顶风道ceiling lamp 顶灯ceiling panel 内顶板ceiling partition panel顶棚隔板ceiling price最高限价delivered at frontier (DAF)边境交货delivered duty paid (DDP) 完税后交货delivered duty unpaid (DDU)未完税交货delivered ex quay (DEQ)目的港码头交货delivered ex ship (DES)目的港船上交货center berth 中铺center buffer spring 中央缓冲弹簧center buffer stem 中央缓冲杆center-depressed sill (车体)刀把梁center drawbar中央牵引杆center dumping car 中央倾卸车center hole 中心孔center pin 中心销center plate 心盘center plate block心盘座块center plate loading force心盘载荷center plate pad 心盘垫center sill 中梁center sill bottom angle中梁下角铁center sill bottom cover plate中梁下盖板center sill channel 中梁槽钢center sill separator中梁隔铁center sill splicing 中梁拼接center sill stiffener中梁补强铁center sill top angle 中梁上角铁center sill web plate中梁腹板center spring bracket 中心弹簧座center wedge block 中心楔块centering 定中心, 对准中心centering block 摆块centering block hanger摆块吊centering device 复原装置centering hole 中心孔, 定心孔centering spring 复原弹簧centralized inverter 集中式逆变器centralized power supply 集中供电centralized purchase集中采购centrifugal compressor 离心式压缩机centrifugal dirt collector 远心集尘器centrifugal dust collector远心集尘器centrifugal fan 离心式风扇/风机centrifugal pump 离心泵centripetal force 向心力CEO ( Chief Executive Officer )首席执行官ceramic washbasin 陶瓷洗面器certificate of competency能力证书certificate of conformity合格证certificate of delivery (C/D)交货证明书certificate of importation进口证明书certificate of inspection检查证明书certificate of insurance保险证明书certificate of intention意愿证明书certificate of loss残损证书certificate of manufacturer制造厂证明书certificate of origin (c/o)原产地证明书certificate of quality质量证明书certificate of reasonable doubt合理质疑证书certificate of service劳务证明书certificate of soundness 合格证书certification 认证certification firm 认证公司chafing plate 摩擦板chain 链; 连锁店chain bracket链座chain hook 链钩chain intermittent fillet weld并列断续角焊缝chain link 链环chain sheave 链轮channel 槽钢channel steel槽钢chamfer n.; vt. 倒角changeover switch 转换开关changeover valve 变位阀characteristic curve 特性曲线charger control panel 充电器控制板charging current 充电电流charging diaphragm 充气膜板charging load 充电载荷charging piston 充气活塞charging plug 充电插头charging receptacle 充电插座charging test 充电试验charging valve 充气阀, 充注阀charging valve body充气阀体charging valve seat充气阀座charging valve spring 充气阀弹簧charging voltage 充电电压Charpy hardness 夏氏硬度Charpy (impact) test 摆锤式冲击试验charter包租船chartered bank 特许银行cheap money policy低息贷款政策check支票,即期银行汇票check nut 防松螺母,锁紧螺母check plate 防松板check ring 挡圈, 止动环check rod 抑止杆, 牵条check valve 止回阀, 单向阀check valve cap止回阀盖check valve case止回阀盒check valve seat止回阀座check valve spring止回阀弹簧check washer 防松垫圈check without funds空头支票chip 铁屑, 碎片; 芯片chipping hammer敲渣锤chisel 凿子choke 缩孔堵, 限制堵chord 弦杆chroma色品, 色度chrome铬chrome plating 镀铬chronic depression 慢性萧条chronograph 计时器C.I.F(Cost, Insurance, Freight)(成本, 保险费, 运费) 到岸价CIF ex-ship’s hold CIF舱底交货CIF ex-tackle CIF 吊钩下交货CIF landed CIF卸到岸上circlip 弹性挡圈circuit breaker 断路器circuit breaker cylinder断路器风缸circuit diagram 电路图circular electrode滚轮电极circular end lead screw 环头丝杠circular frequency 圆周频率circular pitch 圆周齿距circular railway line 环行线circulating cooling system循环式冷却系统circulating pump 循环泵circumference 圆周circumferential clearance 圆周间隙circumferential weld环缝circumvention 规避citizenship papers公民证书civil engineering contractor工程承包人clack valve 瓣阀claim indemnity索赔clamp 卡clamp plate 卡板class mark 等级标识classification light 识别灯classification light socket识别灯插座classification yard 编组场claw pole alternator 爪极交流发电机claw pole generator 爪极发电机clean bill 光票clean B/L清洁提单clean L/C光票信用证clean payment L/C全部预支信用证cleaning charges洗舱费clearance between column guide and column摇枕挡间隙clearance between pedestal and its guide轴箱导框间隙clearance car 限界车辆clearance contour界限轮廓clearance fit 间隙配合clearance gauge/feeler 塞尺clearance limit 车辆限界, 净空界限,余系限度clearance limit frame 限界框clear payment单纯支付clerical error笔误clevis, clevice U形钩, 马蹄钩clip 卡子, 曲别针clockwise adj.顺时针方向的adv. 沿顺时针方向clockwise rotation顺时针方向旋转close circuit 闭路close cooling system 闭合冷却系统close down关闭, 倒闭close nipple 短接管, 螺纹接头(管)co-insurance联合保险cold-rolled steel冷轧钢combined blowpipe for cutting and welding焊割两用炬commercial counselor商务参赞commercial paper商业票据commission (fee)佣金, 代理费commission charge手续费commodity inspection certificate商品检验证明common market共同市场comparative advantage相对优势/利益comparative price比价compensation trade 补偿贸易competent authorities主管机关(当局) complete sets of equipment成套设备cone焰芯counterclockwise adj. 逆时针方向的adv. 沿逆时针方向clothes holder 衣挂clutch 离合器clutch handle离合器把手clutch handle bracket离合器把手托clutch handle hanger离合器把手挂clutch handle sleeve离合器把手套CNR (Canadian National Railways)加拿大国有铁路CO2 shielded arc welding二氧化碳气体保护焊coach 座车coagulation point 凝结点coal-fired hot water boiler燃煤温水锅炉coal car 煤车coal locker 煤箱coarse fit 粗配合coarse oil filter 粗滤清器coated electrode药皮焊条coating 药皮, 涂层coating mixture, coating material( 焊接)涂料cock 塞门cock body塞门体cock key 塞门芯cock key seat塞门芯座cock spindle 塞门杆code of practice 业务法规,实施规程coefficient of kinetic force 动力系数coefficient of recovery 返回系数coefficient of thermal conductivity导热系数coefficient of viscous damping阻尼系数cog belt 带齿皮带coil 线圈coil pitch 线圈节距coil spring 螺旋弹簧cold bend 冷弯cold break冷断裂cold crack冷裂纹cold/hot water faucet/tap 冷热水阀cold short 冷脆; 冷缩裂纹cold water tank 冷水箱cold welding (CW)冷压焊collecting bank代收行collection托收collector 集电极, 集电器column guide 摇枕挡comb rack 梳妆架combination dust collector组合式集尘器combination faucet冷热水转换水阀combination lock 组合锁combination passenger car合造客车combination seating car合造座车combination of bogies 组合转向架combination valve 组合阀combined blowpipe for cutting/welding焊/割两用炬combined certificate联合凭证combined pressure charge 复式增压combined transport联合货物运输combined transport documents联合运输单据combined transport operator (C.T.O.)多式联运经营人combining link合并杆combining tube混合管COMESA(Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)东部和南部非洲共同市场combustion 燃烧combustion chamber 燃烧室comfortable quality of vibration振动舒适度commercial acceptance bill 商业承兑汇票commercial paper L/C商业票据信用证commission agency佣金代理commissioning n.调试commencement of fuel injection喷油提前角(angle of advance) Common Agriculture Policy(欧盟)共同农业政策common passenger car 普通客车connection pipe/tube 连通管, 连接管communicating signal system通信信号系统communication car 通讯车communication connector 通信连接器communication trunk 通讯干线commutator整流器, 换向器commutator insulator 整流器绝缘片commutating pole motor 整流极电机commutator segment整流器片commuter car 城际客车contact maker 接触钮, 接合器contact patch 接触区contact wire 接触线comparator 比较仪compartment客室compartment-type sleeping room包间卧室compartment sleeper 包间式卧车compatible 兼容的compensating chamber 补偿室compensating port补偿口compensating valve补偿阀compensation trade补偿贸易complete knock-down (C.K.D.)全散件complete overhaul大修composite brake shoe 合成闸瓦composite brake liner合成闸瓦摩擦片composite structure 钢木混合结构compression channel (制动梁)槽钢梁compression ring 压紧圈, 压环compression spring 压缩弹簧compressor 压缩机compressor manifold压缩机集管compressor set/unit 压缩机组computed tare约定皮重concave fillet weld凹形角焊缝concavity焊缝凹度concentrated load集中载荷concentrated stress 集中应力concentration 浓度concentricity 同心度concrete 混凝土; 具体的condensate n. 冷凝水 v. 冷凝condenser 冷凝器; 电容器condenser discharge spot welding电容贮能点焊condenser fan冷凝风机condensing pipe凝水管condensing unit 压缩冷凝机组condensing unit capacity总产冷量condition (合同)要件conditional acceptance有条件的接受conditioned weight公量conduction 导电,导电conductivity导电率, 导热系数conductor 导体, 导线conductor’s switch 车长开关conductor’s valve 车长阀conductor’s valve discharge pipe车长阀风管conduit 电线管cone 圆锥形; 焰芯confirmed L/C保兑信用证confirming bank保兑行conical nut 锥形螺母conicity 锥度conference room 会议室confidential communications秘密来往信件confiscation没收conjuncture行情contingency insurance “cover seller’s interest only”卖方利益险connecting box 接线盒connection box接线盒connecting pipe 连接管connecting plate 连接板connecting rod 连杆connecting rod body连杆体connecting rod journal 连杆轴颈connecting rod key 连杆键connecting rod seat 连杆座connection cone 连接体锥斗connection pin set 连接销组成connecting seat 连接座connecting shaft assembly连杆轴组成consignee收货人consignment寄售consignment note 委托书, 运单console操纵台constricting nozzle压缩喷嘴constructive total loss 推定全损consumable electrode熔化电极contact tube导电嘴contact wire 接触线contactor 接触器container car集装箱车contour轮廓constant-pressure reservoir 定压风缸constant voltage box /cabinet恒压箱construction site 施工现场container car 集装箱车container ship集装箱船container yard集装箱堆场contingency clause意外事故条款continuation clause (C.C.)延期条款continuous brake 连续制动机continuous rating 持续额定功率continuous weld连续焊缝continuous welding连续焊contract number (Cont. No.) 合同号contractual joint venture契约式合资企业control box/cabinet 控制箱control circuit 控制电路control connector 控制连接器control mechanism控制机构control panel 控制屏control pump控制泵control room 控制室control stand 控制架control system 控制系统control valve控制阀controlled emergency application可控紧急制动controlled emergency cock可控紧急塞门controlled rectifier可控整流器controller 控制器conversion rate汇率, 兑换率。

【英文文献及翻译】中国高速铁路ChinaHigh-SpeedRailway

【英文文献及翻译】中国高速铁路ChinaHigh-SpeedRailway

China High-Speed RailwayAs the economic grow, intercity travel demand has increased dramatically in the Greater China Area. Traditional railways can hardly satisfy the passenger and freight travel demand, high speed rail is hence proposed and constructed after 1990s. This study aims to integrate current development of both rail-based and Maglev high speed trains in this area. From 1997, Taiwan kicked-off its high speed rail construction by importing the technology of Japanese Shinkansen. The Taiwan High Speed Rail is a 15-billion US dollars project. To save the cost of construction and management, the BOT model was applied. Though not totally satisfied, this project is still successful and ready to operate in the 4th quarter of 2007. China is preparing its high speed rail services by upgrading current networks. The capacity and operating speed are all increased after 5-times system upgrade. The 6th upgrade will be initiated in 2006. By then, trains will run at a speed of 200km/h in a total distance of 1,400km in 7 different routes. From the white paper published by the Ministry of Railway in China, there will be totally 8 rail-based High Speed Train services. Four of them are North-South bound, and four of them are East-West bound. 5 of the 8 High Speed Rails are now under construction, the first line will be finished in 2009, and the 2nd one will be in 2010. By 2020, there will be totally 12,000 kilometers high speed rail services in China. The 250 billion US dollars construction cost still leaves some uncertainties for all these projects. Finally, the future of the Maglev system in China is not so bright as rail-based. Shanghai airport line could be the first, also the last Maglev project in China if the approved Shanghai-Hangzhou line cannot raise enough 4.4 billion dollars to build it.Steel rail compositionSteel rail is composed of iron, carbon, manganese, and silicon, and contains impurities such as phosphorous, sulphur, gases, and slag. The proportions of these substances may be altered to achieve different properties, such as increased resistance to wear on curves.The standard configuration for North American rail resembles an upside down T. The three parts of T-rail are called the base, web, and head. The flat base enabled such rail to be spiked directly to wooden crossties; later, rail was placed on the now-standard steel tie plate. While the proportions and precise shape of rail are subject to constant analysis and refinement, the basic T-section has been standard since the mid-19th century.WeightThe most common way of describing rail is in terms of its weight per linear yard <thehistoric British unit of length>, which is a function of its cross section. In the late 19th century, rail was produced in a range of sections weighing between 40 and 80 lbs. per yard. Weights increased over time, so that rail rolled today weighs between 112 and 145 lbs. <The Pennsylvania Railroad's 155-lb. section, used for a time after World War II, was the heaviest used in the U.S.>Jointed rail segmentsThe length of standard rails has historically been related to the length of the cars used to transport them. From an early range of 15-20 feet, rail length increased with car size until a standard of 39 feet <easily accommodated by the once-common 40-foot car> was reached. Even with the advent of today's longer cars, 39 feet has remained the standard for rail owing to limitations in steel mills and ease of handling.The joints in rail — its weakest points — can make for a rough ride, and are expensive to maintain. Individual rails are joined with steel pieces called joint <or angle> bars, which are held in place by four or six bolts. Today, the six-bolt type, once reserved for heavy-duty applications, is standard. The bolts in a joint bar are faced alternately outward and inward to guard against the remote possibility that a derailed car's wheel would shear them all off, causing the rails to part. Transition between rails of two different weights is achieved with special angle bars. In territory where the rails serve as conductors for signal systems, bond wires must be used at the joints to maintain the circuit.Welded railThe troublesome nature of rail joints prompted the most easily recognized advance in rail technology: the adoption of continuous welded rail <CWR>.From its early use on a handful of roads in the 1940's, welded rail has come to be preferred for almost all applications. It is produced by welding standard 39-foot <or newer 78-foot> segments together into quarter-mile lengths at dedicated plants.The rails are transported to where they're needed in special trains, which are pulled slowly out from under the rail when it is to be unloaded. When in place, CWR is often field-welded into even greater lengths. Much jointed track survives because of the long lifespan of even moderately used rail, and because the specialized equipment needed for CWR installation is not economical for short distances.Managing the expansion and contraction that comes with temperature change is important with CWR. To avoid expanding and potential buckling when in service, welded railis laid when temperatures are high <or is artificially heated>. Rail anchors clipped on at the ties keep the rail from getting shorter as it contracts with falling temperatures. Thus constrained, it shrinks in cross section <height and width>, but not in length. Because it's in tension, welded rail is treated with care during trackwork in cold weather.Maintaining and reusing railUnder heavy traffic, rails get worn down, although their life can be extended by grinding the head back to the proper contour.Rail no longer suited for main-line use may still have some light-duty life in it and is often relaid on branches, spurs, or in yards. Main-track reduction projects are also sources of such "relay" rail.When rail wear is uneven at a given location <such as a curve>, rail may be transposed from one side to another to get maximum use out of it.中国高速铁路随着经济的增长,城市间的旅行需要在中国地区飞速增长.传统铁路已经很难满足旅客的货运的需求,因此自1990年起高速铁路被提上议程并着重建设.这个研究的目得是在于这个区域内的基本线路和高速磁悬浮列车得到发展自1997年起,##通过引进日本新干线技术开始进行它的高速铁路建设,##的高速铁路是一项耗资150亿美元的工程,为了节省建设和管理的开支,他们采用了BOT的经营模式,尽管并不是完全的满意,但是这项工程还是很成功的,并且预计在2006年底实行运转,中国正在通过提升现在的网络系统为自己的高速铁路服务而做准备,在第五次系统提升之后,铁路的接纳能力和运转速度都得到了增长.第六次大提速将于2007年进行,到那时火车将在7条不同的铁路线路上,全程1400公里,以每小时200公里的速度运行.中国铁道部发布的官方报告上声称将共有八条基本铁路为你服务.其中有四条是南北纵向的,另外四条是东西横向,八条高速铁路中五条现在正在建设中,第一条将于2009年竣工,第二条将于2010年.到2020年,中国高速铁路线将长12000公里,不过2500亿美元的建设经费将会使所有这些项目都成为不确定工程,最终,将来的磁悬浮的系统在中国带来的前景不差于一般的基本线路.##的航线将成为第一项也是中国磁悬浮工程的最后一项,如果在中国批准建设##到广州的航线不超过44亿美元.也许再没有哪一部分像轨道一样重要.轨道与车辆轮缘一起作用,使铁路运输体系与普通道路完全不同.虽然,现在钢轨是很普及的,但是在19世纪时,铁轨甚至木枕都是广泛使用的.很多早期的铁路是用薄铁条或铁皮条约束在木轨上给车轮提供一个光滑的跑道面.钢轨的组成钢轨是由铁、碳锰、硅,包括杂质如磷、硫、气体和炉渣组成的.这些物质含量的变化,可起到不同的作用,如增加曲线轨道的耐磨性.北美国钢轨的标志结构类似一倒T 型.T型轨的三要素是轨底、腹板和轨头.平底的钢轨能被直接地固定到木枕上;然后钢轨被放置到已设好的钢垫板上.19世纪中期以来,当钢轨的大小和标准的成型后接受长期的分析和精致时,基本的T型截面以成标准.重量最常见的描述钢轨的方法是用每码长的重量表示,它是钢轨横断面大小的函数.19世纪后期,钢轨被做成重量从40IBS每码到80IBS每码变化的一系列截面,重量的增加超过时间的变化,因此,目前钢轨以扎制成155-IB的截面,在第二次世界大战后的某个时间开始使用,是在美国用过的最重的钢轨.一般地,给定线路的运输吨位越大或速度越快,采用的钢轨就越重.由于轨道维修费用较高,越重的轨道寿命越长,从而越受欢迎,即使在载重轻运输慢的城市交通系统.重型钢轨常被用于道路交叉处,铁路转辄器及与其他线路的平交道口处.钢轨的连接在历史上,标准轨的长度是与运送它们的车辆长度有关系的.早期是从15英尺到20英尺变化的,钢轨的长度随车辆大小的增加直到39英尺的规格〔可被过去常用的40英尺长的车辆容易的容纳〕尽管现在有更长的车辆,但由于钢轨扎制机的限制和搬运的方便,钢轨的标准长度仍保持未39英尺.接头是钢轨的最薄弱点,会使行车不平稳,且维修费用高.个体的钢轨用叫做夹板的钢板连接,用4-6个螺栓夹在原位.现在,以过去只用于重型轨的六螺栓式接头为标准形式.接头螺栓是交替向内和向外布置的,以防止车辆车轮对钢轨的长期磨损后可能产生出轨,从而使钢轨接头分离.两种不同型号的钢轨的连接是用特殊接头来实现的.用于信号服务的轨道,必须在接头处设有电线来形成闭和的电路.钢轨的焊接令人头痛的钢轨的连接问题激起显而易见的轨道模式的发展:无缝线路的采用.从20世纪40年代,最早在少数线路使用以来,在所有的应用X围内,无缝线路受到了欢迎.它是在工厂将39英尺〔或新的78英尺〕长的标准轨焊接成四分之一英里的长钢轨.钢轨用特定的火车运送到需要地,当要卸下时,火车慢慢地从钢轨下开走.当就位以后,无缝线路通常是就地焊接成更长的轨道.许多接头轨道仍然保留是因为使用适度长的钢轨其寿命长,由于铺设无缝线路对设备特殊要求,使其短距离铺设是不经济的.对无缝线路由于湿度变化引起的膨胀和收缩的处理是很重要的.为了避免在使用中的钢轨的膨胀和自身的变形.无缝轨应在高温时〔或人为加热后〕铺设,钢轨用锚栓夹在轨枕上防止钢轨在温度降低时收缩而变短.这样约束后,钢轨仅在横向收缩.由于受拉,无缝轨在寒冷天气使用时应小心对接.钢轨的养护和再使用在重交通作用下,钢轨会变坏,尽管它们的寿命可以通过磨其头部回到合适的轮廓而持续.钢轨不仅使用于主线,仍有一些轻型的部位,常被用在道岔,尖端或车站.主要轨道的缩短工程是这些重新铺设的轨道的来源.当钢轨磨损不再在先前的位置〔如一条曲线〕,钢轨将被从一边换到另一侧来实现最大限度的使用.。

土木工程道路铁道工程外文翻译

土木工程道路铁道工程外文翻译

估计铁路轨道特性的概率方法摘要:由于铁路网络的退化和昂贵的维护费用,当今铁路工程面临着许多问题。

再加上缺乏几何知识和轨道的力学参数,铁路的优化维护管理变得很艰难。

在这种背景下,本文提出一种新的方法分析铁路轨道的特性。

该方法结合了新的诊断设备,该设备能够获得许多重要的数据,从而得到几何和力学参数以及基于非入侵式方法的统计量,并且该非入侵式方法能够加上任何力学模型。

对于研究参数(参数之间的相关性的分布和影响),许多结果都显示了这种方法的可行性。

在不久的将来,这种方法将会给铁路管理人员带来许多重要的信息,以便进行优化维护操作。

关键词:随机有限元方法、随机配置、拉格朗日多项式、铁路轨道1.介绍在当代计算力学领域中,均认为力学和几何参数对数值模型有重要的影响。

为了满足这一要求,这有一种可行性:选择一些特定情况下不定参数的特殊值(极值、均值)然后估计这些情况下相应的力学响应,最终就一个给定的破坏准则而言,其保留了最不利的情况。

这种策略通常在试验中使用,但是该策略非常值得商榷,因为最不利情况下的选择是由一连串情况组合的,其中不自然地包含了所有可能的情况。

最严谨的解决方案实际上是使用一种基于概率的策略方法(1-8)。

在本文中,这种类型的策略,提出了对铁路轨道特性的概率分析。

铁路工程正遭受着因铁路网退化带来的诸多问题,而这些铁路网需要重要和昂贵的维修工作。

由排水问题,相对沉降、层退化带来的铁路受损和必要的维修措施造成了路基不同地层的非线性力学和几何特征,所以提高轨道水平变得更加艰难。

由于缺乏对这些非线性的了解,以及其对轨道行为可能带来的后果,因此制定一个优化的维护管理变得更加困难。

因此,为了以逼真的方式描述动力荷载作用下铁路轨道的特性,有必要使用一种数值模型来分析力学和几何参数的不确定性。

在过去的几十年,已经利用了几个基于有限元(FE)方法来研究铁路轨道的整体与局部的特性(9)。

为了考虑这个随机不确定性,我们很自然想到利用随机有限元法(SFE)(10-20)。

铁路工程建设标准英语版翻译指南.

铁路工程建设标准英语版翻译指南.

铁路工程建设标准英语版翻译指南.4毫米锁闭Closure check for 4 mm locking A、B 组填料Fill material of group A,BAF线Negative feederAS 自治域Autonomous system (AS) CAMEL 应用部分CAMEL application part (CAP)CA 砂浆CA mortarCRTS I 型板式无砟(zha3) 轨道CRTS-I slab ballastless trackCRTS I 型双块式无砟(zha3) 轨道CRTS-I bi-block sleeper ballastless trackCRTS II 型板式无砟(zha3) 轨道CRTS-II slab ballastless trackCRTS II 型双块式无砟(zha3) 轨道CRTS-II bi-block sleeper ballastless trackC组碎石、砾石类填料Granular fill of group CC 组细粒土填料Fine soil fill of group C DMI 显示单元Display unit of DMIGPRS 归属服务器GRPS home server (GROS)GPRS 接口服务器GPRS interface server (GRIS)GPRS 隧道协议GPRS tunneling protocol (GTP)GPRS 支持节点GPRS supporting node (GSN)GPS-RTK 数字化测图法GPS-RTK digital mappingGSM-R 无线传输单元Radio transmission unit of GSM-RH 型钢梁H-shaped steel beamH 型钢翼缘板H shaped steel flange plateH 型钢柱H-beam poleII 类水体Class II water body (不能直接饮用,硬度高)IP 地址IP addressIP 会议电视系统IP video conference systemI 类水体Class I water body (可以直接饮用)N 线Neutral wirepH 值Nyala SO2 控制区SO2 control regionT (形连)接T-connectionTCP/IP 协议TCP/IP protocolT-梁、T型梁、T形梁、T梁T-beam; T-girder T形刚构桥T-shaped rigid frame bridgeT型角焊T-fillet weldingU形桥台U-shaped abutmentU型谷地U-shaped valleyU 型卡U-shaped card U(-shaped) clipVPN 路由反射器VPN route reflectorV 停控制站(“V 停”站) V-switch postV 形拉线V-stayWGS-84 大地坐标系统World Geodetic System 1984ZK 活载ZK live loadZPW-2000 (UM) 系列轨道电路ZPW-2000 (UM) series track circuit矮型信号机Dwarf signal隘口Pass安全保护距离overlap distance安全保护区safety protection region安全保障平台security platform安全标志safety sign安全出口exit; emergency exit安全出口标志灯marker lamp for emergency exit安全措施safety measure安全措施费safety measure fees安全带safety belt安全挡台safety barricade安全等级safety level安全地线safety earth wire安全电路vital circuit安全阀safety valve安全防范safety precautions; safe guarding 安全防范系统(SAS)security protection& alarm system安全防范预警系统early warning system for safety precautions 安全防护safetyguard安全隔离设备safety separation device安全管理safety management安全管理设备security management target安全管理体系safety management system安全管理制度safety management system安全管理组织机构safety management organization安全护栏safety railing安全技术标准technical standard on safety 安全技术交底technical disclosure on safety 安全监控safety monitoring 安全监控系统safety monitoring system安全检测设备safety detection device安全检查safety inspection安全检查表safety checklist安全教育培训safety training安全接点vital contact安全警戒线security guard line安全距离safety distance安全可靠safe and reliable安全空间safety space安全帽helmet安全门evacuation exit安全评估safety evaluation安全钳safety tongs安全色safety colour安全设计safety design安全生产法律法规laws and regulations on production safety 安全生产费safety production fees安全生产网safety operation network安全生产责任制responsibility system for safety in production 安全适用safety and applicability安全疏散功能evacuation function安全停车距离safe stopping distance安全网safety net安全系数safety factor安全线catch siding安全型灯具safety type lamp安全型继电器vital relay安全性safety安全隐患potential hazard安全照明emergency lighting安全抓杆safety grab bar安全资源配置safety resource allocation安装功率installed power安装装置installation device 氨压缩机间ammonia compressor room氨盐amine salt氨制冷剂系统ammonia refrigerant systems 岸坎bank ridge 岸坡bank slope按钮button按钮表示button indication暗沟blind ditch ?暗河underground river暗龙骨吊顶hang ceiling with concealed joist 暗挖法Mining method暗挖隧道mining tunnel八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment拔起高度lifting height拔桩机Pile extractor白垩系Cretaceous白云石dolomite白云岩dolomite百米标100-meter mark百米桩100-meter mark百叶窗louver扳道电话switchman’s telephone班前安全讲话pre-shift address on safety板slab板凳式墩帽bench-type pier cap板块面层plate surface板筋式锚杆墙slab-rib anchored wall板梁腹板plate girder web板梁翼缘plate girder flange板桥slab bridge板式无砟轨道slab ballastless track板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing板岩slate板桩防护sheet pile protection办公房屋office housing办公建筑office building办公区railway use area office办公室office办公信息系统office information system办公自动化系统office automation system半补偿链形悬挂semi-compensated catenary suspension半地下室partly-exposed basement半封闭声屏障semi-enclosed sound barrier半干旱地区semi-arid region半横向式通风semi-transverse ventilation半露天堆场semi-open yard半填半挖路基cut and fill subgrade半循环运转制locomotive semi-loop routing; locomotive half-circularity routing半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge半自动闭塞semi-automatic block system半自动光电传输转换设备optical/ electric converter (used) in the transmission of semi-automatic blocking拌制砂浆mixed mortar帮宽berm width帮条焊wall rod welding棒形绝缘子rod insulator包层cladding包乘制locomotive crew responsible system 包裹package; parcel包裹地道parcel underpass包裹房parcel house包裹库parcel storehouse; package storage包裹式加筋土挡土墙wrap-reinforced earth retaining wall包裹托取柜台package counter包裹托取厅package hall饱冰冻土saturated frozen soil饱和saturation饱和度saturation degree饱和容量saturated unit weight饱和无侧限抗压强度saturated unconfined compression strength饱和自重压力saturated self-weight pressure 保护管protection tube保护井protection well保护屏protection panel保护区段overlap section保护线protective wire (PW)保护线用接轨线(CPW线)connector of protective wire (CPW) 保价运输管理系统insured railway transport management system保留煤柱retaining coal pillar保温thermal insulation 保温层thermal insulation layer; thermal insulating layer保温措施thermal insulation measure保温钉thermal insulation bolt保温复合墙体thermal insulating composite wall保温门thermal insulation door保温棉thermal insulation fiber保压试验holding pressure test报废轨abandoned rail报警warning; alarm报警电路alarm circuit报警阀alarm valve报警功能alarm function报警速度曲线warning speed profile报警信号alarm signal报警音像warning audio-visual报文telegram抱箍方式安装hooping installation暴雨历时rainstorm duration暴雨强度rainstorm intensity暴雨重现期rainstorm recurrence爆扩桩explosion procedure, blasting method 爆破法blasting procedure, blasting method 爆破进尺advance of blast 爆破器材blasting materials爆破振动blast vibration爆破作业blasting operation爆炸性粉尘危险环境explosive dust dangerous atmosphere爆炸性气体危险环境explosive gas dangerous atmosphere备案put on record备案号record number备份backup备品spare parts备品备件spare parts备品间spare parts room备用(份) backup备用电源standby power supply备用机车spare locomotive备用机车停留线spare locomotive stabling track备用井standby well备用量reserved capacity备用卸污车spare sewage unloading truck备用照明stand by lighting背风坡leeward slope背景噪音background noise背扣wrest倍频带中心频率center frequency of octave band被查单位inspected organization被动起重小车crane carriage被动土压力passive earth pressure被控站controlled station焙烧法试验roasting test本地电话网local phone network本地电话业务local phone service本地交换机local exchanger (IE)本务机车leading locomotive崩解disintegration崩塌collapse泵房pump room泵送混凝土pumped concrete泵站pump station比表面积specific surface area比贯入阻力specific penetration resistance比例误差(比例误差系数)proportional error比色法试验colorimetric test比特差错bit error必测项目compulsory item闭合差misclosure闭合环边数side number of loop闭合框架closed frame闭合水准路线closed leveling line (route)闭环电码化closed-loop coding闭环检查closed-loop detection闭路closed circuit闭路式轨道电路closed circuit track circuit 闭路循环处理工艺closed loop treatment process闭塞blocking闭塞分区block section闭塞分区停车标stop mark board at the boundary of block section闭塞类型block system ? 闭塞循环closed cycle滗水器decanter壁后注浆back filling grouting避车洞niche避车台refuge platform避雷针lightning rod避难所refuge避难线refuse siding边长较差限差tolerance of side length discrepancy边长相对中误差relative error of side length 边墩side pier边防检查border checking边防检查站border checkpoint边角测量triangulateration边角交会side-angle intersection边界网关border gateway (BG)边界网关协议border gateway protocol (BGP)边跨side span边坡slope边坡防护slope protection边坡挂网锚喷防护slope protection with wire mesh and shotcrete边坡开挖slope cutting边坡控制高度controlling height of slope边坡绿色防护green protection for slope边坡平台bench边坡破率gradient of slope边坡渗沟French drain on side slope边墙side wall边滩side shoal边修线casual faults handling siding编发场marshalling-departure yard编发线marshalling-departure track编码coding编码计划coding scheme编码逻辑coding logic编译码和速率适配单元transcoder and rate adapter unit (TRAU) 编制办法compilation method编组train combination编组站marshalling station编组站自动化automation of marshallingstation编组作业marshalling service扁铲侧胀试验flat dilatometer test扁担梁carrying pole beam扁平颗粒tabular grain变电所substation变电所主控制室main control room变电所综合自动化系统integrated automation system of substation变截面梁beam of variable cross-section变跨梁beam of mutative span变频供水frequency conversion water supply 变坡点point of slope change变形deformation变形测量deformation survey变形分析deformation analysis变形缝deformation joint变形监测网deformation monitoring network 变形控制deformation control变形区deformation area变形速度deformation rate变压器transformer变压器箱transformer box变压器油过滤间transformer oil filter room 变压器油库transformer oil depot变异系数coefficient of variation变质岩metamorphic rock标称电压nominal voltage标称精度nominal accuracy标石monument标线guide line标志牌sign board标桩stake标准standard标准差standard deviation标准长度钢轨standard length rail标准分路灵敏度standard shunting sensitivity标准分路线standard shunting resistor标准贯入试验standard penetration test标准轨距standard gauge标准化standardization标准煤standard coal标准偏差standard deviation 标准筛standard sieves标准设计standard design标准图standard drawing标准弯钩standard hook标准限值standard limits标准养护条件standard curing condition标准值standard value表层道砟top ballast表层换填surface earth replacement表面喷浆surface spraying mortar表面水力负荷surface hydraulic load表示灯indicator表示电路indication circuit表示杆indication rod表示盘indication panel表示条件indication condition裱糊paperhanging滨海路堤littoral embankment滨海相littoral facies濒危野生动物endangered wildlife冰川glacier冰积土glacial soil冰蓄冷ice storage冰压力ice pressure冰锥地段ice cone section丙类石油液体管道class C petroleum liquid pipeline丙类液体储罐class C liquid tanks丙酮acetone丙烷气站propane gas station并发输入输出concurrent input and output并沟线夹parallel groove clamp并联电容补偿装置shunt capacitor compensation device并联电容无功补偿装置parallel capacitor reactive power compensation equipment并联式轨道电路parallel track circuit并联运行parallel operation并列式枢纽parallel arrangement type terminal并置箱梁步履式桥机step-movement launching gantry for juxtaposing boxed beams 并置信号点signals in the same-location with different-direction病毒防范virus defense病毒库virus database病原体污水sewage with pathogens拔道track lining拔角放线法setting out by method of deflection angle拔距adjusting distance of track lining波动传播速度wave propagation velocity波分复用wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)波浪高wave length波浪侵袭高swash height of wave波速wave velocity波纹管bellow波纹磨耗测量仪measuring apparatus for corrugated wear波状消光wavy extinction玻璃比重计glass hydrometer玻璃采光露面vitric daylighting floor; roof with glass lighting 玻璃钢夹砂管fiberglass reinforced plastic pipe玻璃隔墙vitric partition wall; glass partition wall玻璃砖glass block剥离peeling off剥落exfoliation播音室broadcasting studio泊松比passion ratio薄壁构件thin-walled member补偿板compensation plate补偿电容compensation capacitor补偿器compensator补偿收缩混凝土shrinkage-compensating concrete补充标准complementary standard补充业务supplementary service (SS)补机assisting locomotive补机折返点assisting locomotive turnaround point补票机compensation fare machine补票室excess fare office补强板strengthening plate不对称脉冲轨道电路asymmetrical impulse track circuit不分开式扣件direct fastening不间断电源uninterrupted power supply (UPS)不均匀沉降differential settlement不均匀系数coefficient of non-uniformity不良地质unfavorable geology不良地质隧道tunnel in unfavorable geological conditions不落轮镟轮线库under floor wheel lathe house不落轮镟轮线under floor wheel lathe track 不排水剪切强度undrained shear strength不燃烧材料non-combustion stuff不燃烧体non-combustion mass不锁闭间隙non-locking gap不停车动态转换automatic transition without stopping不透水层impermeable layer不锈钢板风管stainless steel air duct; stainless steel air pipe 不锈钢标志stainless steel mark布水装置water distribution installation布线/配线cable laying/ wiring步行板foot plank部分监控模式partial supervision mode部分预应力混凝土桥stressed concrete bridge材料仓库store材料储运storage and transportation of material材料分离度segregation材料规格material specification材料库warehouse材料性能material properties材料蓄热系数thermal storage coefficient of material材料运输线material transportation track; transport line材料重度specific weight of material材质material quality财务会计管理信息系统finance and accounting mamnagement information system 采光daylighting采光屋面daylighting roof采空区goaf采暖heating采暖系统hearing system采石场quarry采样速率sample rate彩钢板风管color steel plate air duct彩钢聚氨酯夹芯板PU sandwich color steel panel; PU color steel sandwich panel参考文献bibliography残积desidual deposit残留风险residual risk残余强度residual strength操纵杆control rod操作和维护中心operation and maintenance center (OMC)操作台operation console槽焊slot weld槽式列车bunker train槽形梁trough girder草本植物herbals草块移植turf grafting侧壁导坑法side drift method侧沟side ditch侧沟盖板side ditch cover侧沟平台side ditch berm侧墙side wall侧式站台side platform侧向挡块lateral stop block侧向加速度lateral acceleration侧向水平联结系lateral bracing侧向允许通过速度lateral permissible through speed侧压力lateral pressure侧撞lateral collision厕位toilet seats测长length measurement测力扳手measuring spanner for force moment测力传感器load cell测量弦长measuring chord length测试test测试点test point测试电路test circuit 测试环线test loop测速speed measurement测速测距单元(SDU) speed and distance measurement unit 测速装置speed measurement device测斜仪inclinometer测重weight measurement测阻rollability measurement层厚管理材料material for lift control层理面bedding plain层流式漆气净化装置laminar flow-type paint gas purification device层状岩层layered stratum插接不良plug-in trouble插接型端子plug-in connector插接元件plug-in component插入式继电器plug-in relay插入损失insertion loss查照间隔check gauge岔跟rear end of turnout岔头front end of turnout岔心center of turnout岔枕turnout sleeper岔中绝缘insulated joint within a switch差错率error rate差动保护differential protection拆除工程removal works拆模form removal拆迁demolishing and resettling柴油储罐diesel tank柴油发电机组diesel generator set柴油机间diesel engine room柴油机清洗间diesel engine cleaning room 掺合料admixture 缠丝wrapping缠丝过滤管wrapping filter tube长波不平顺long wave irregularity长大坡道long steep grade长短链mileage discontinuity长杆贯入仪long rod penetrometer长钢轨long rail长基础角钢long angle steel for base长距离输水long-distance water delivery长期过电压long-term overvoltage长石feldspar长隧道long tunnel长途电话业务long-distance telephone service长途光缆long haul optical fiber cable长途交换机室long-distance switchboard room长途汽车客运站long-distance bus station长途通信(网)long-distance communication network长细比slenderness ratio常备材料stock material常闭接点normally closed contact常规检测routine inspection常年最大积雪厚度annual maximum snow thickness常水位normal water level常用制动模式曲线service brake profile厂房组合workshops combination厂界噪声plant boundary noise场拌field mix场地site场地浸淋水site leachate场间联系电路liaison circuit between yards 场景重组scene reorganization超标overproof超高superelevation超高时变率change rate of superelevation time超高顺坡superelevation slope超高顺坡率rate of superelevation slope超高压输电设备SHV power transmission equipment超静定结构hyper static structure超滤低压膜low pressure ultrafiltration membrane超滤组合法ultrafiltration method超前地质预报geology forecast超前管棚pipe roof超前锚杆advance rock bolt超前小导管advance small duct超前预注浆advance grouting超前支护advance support超前钻探advance exploration drilling 超声波流量ultrasonic flow超声波探伤ultrasonic detecting超速保护overspeed protection超挖overbreak ??超细格栅by-pass pipe ??超限等级out-of-gauge grade超限货物out-of-gauge freight超限货物列车进路route for out-of-gauge freight train超限货物限界检查架frame for checking out-of-gauge freight 超压静载试验static load test of overpressure 超越管plant discharges超张拉overstretching潮喷混凝土moist shotcret潮湿moisture潮湿程度humidity潮汐河流tidal river潮汐区tidal zone车长(电)台radio set for train operating officer车场yard车场线yard track车场咽喉区throat of yard车次表示train number display车次号校核信息train number checking information车档buffer stop车档标志buffer stop sign车档表示器buffer stop indicator车底train-set车底数amount of passenger train sets车电间electricity cabin for rolling stock车号(员)电话car number taker telephone 车号自动识别系统automatic train identification system车间排放口plant discharge outlet车辆安全防范预警系统vehicle warning system for safety precautions车辆抄号设备vehicle number identification and recording equipment车辆存在监测器vehicle presence monitor车辆段rolling stock depot车辆辅修rolling stock auxiliary repair车辆滚动轴承故障轨边声学诊断系统(TADS) trackside acoustic detection system车辆缓行段car retarder车辆计算长度calculated length of car; car calculation length 车辆技术交接作业场inspection post for freight cars handover 车辆加速器car accelerator车辆减速器car retarder车辆轮胎vehicle tyre车辆密封性car tightness车辆设备rolling stock facilities车辆识别装置vehicle identifier车辆洗刷线vehicle-washing track车辆运行安全检测站monitoring station for train operation safety车辆运行品质轨边动态监测系统(TPDC) truck dynamics performance detection system 车辆轴温智能探测系统(THDC) trace hotbox detection system车列train set车流推算与调整系统vehicle flow deduction and regulation system车轮厂wheelsets workshop车轮传感器wheel sensor车门自动控制automatic door control车桥耦合动力响应vehicle-bridge coupling dynamic response 车桥耦合振动vehicle-bridge coupling vibration车上信号设备onboard signaling equipment 车梯wheeled ladder车梯垂向加速度vertical acceleration of car body车梯横向加速度lateral acceleration of car body车体检修库car body inspection and repair workshop车体竖向振动加速度vertical vibration acceleration of vehicle body车体外皮清洗设备train surface washing equipment车体外皮清洗线train surface washing siding 车体油漆库car body painting workshop 车载安全计算机onboard vital computer 车载检测数据读取设备车载设备onboard equipment车载设备静态调试static commissioning of onboardequipment车载运行信息的采集、转储及处理train working information collection, dump and treatment车站(场)电话业务station (yard) telephone service车站办理列车数number of trains handled at station车站表station list车站布局station layout车站布置图layout plan of station车站出口station exit车站大厅station hall车站等级class of station车站电台station radio set车站调度交换机station dispatching switch 车站分布stat ion distribution车站分机station equipment of CTC车站分类classification of station车站改建station renovation车站股道布置layout of station track车站股道电码化coding for station platform track车站广场station square车站规模station scale车站建筑station buildings车站接发车进路电码化coding for station reveiving-departure route车站客运广播station passenger broadcasting 车站联锁station interlocking车站入口station entrance车站设备监控系统station equipment monitoring system车站设施station facilities车站示意图station sketch车站售票处station ticket office车站通信机房station communication equipment room车站通信系统station communication system 车站行李房station luggage office车站选址station location车站咽喉疏解station throat untwining车站值班员电话station attendant telephone 车站中心station center车站自律机station self-regulated computer 车站综合布线integrated wiring of station; comprehensive wiring of station 车站总建筑面积total building area of the station扯断伸长率elongation at break沉淀sedimentation沉淀池sedimentation tank沉淀管sediment tubes沉淀时间sedimentation time沉管法immersed tube method沉积岩sedimentary rock沉降settlement沉降板settlement plate沉降变形subsidence deformation沉降变形观测observation of subsidence deformation沉降差异settlement difference沉降缝settlement joint沉降观测settlement observation沉降观测断面cross section for settlement observation沉降量settlement沉降评估settlement evaluation沉降速率settlement rate沉井基础open caisson foundation沉井井孔caisson opening沉井填心fill hearting of open caisson沉埋法immersed tunneling method沉泥槽silt trough沉砂池desilting tank沉陷subsidence沉箱基础caisson foundation沉桩pile sinking衬砌lining衬砌断面cross-section of lined tunnel衬砌内轮廓inner contour of lining衬砌内注浆grouting in the lining成品保护product protection成品梁product beam 成岩作用diagenesis承插口socket承插式管道socket-type pipe承插式甲型口socket-type A port承插式乙型口socket-type A port承轨面rail-bearing surface承力索messenger wire承力索张力messenger wire tension承力索座messenger wire support clamp承台bearing platform承台板bearing platform slab承压应力bearing stress承载板bearing plate承载板试验plate-bearing test承载能力bearing capacity承载能力极限状态bearing capacity limit state承载能力设计值design value of bearing capacity承载通路bearer channel承重墙load-bearing wall城际铁路站房intercity railway station building城市(镇)排水管网urban sewer network 城市供热规划urban hearing planning城市轨道交通urban mass transit城市中心居民集中区downtown residential area城市综合运输网络urban comprehensive transportation network城镇自来水urban tap water城镇总体规划urban master planning乘降boarding-alighting乘务员公寓train crew apartments乘务员连续工作时间working duration of crew程控交换室program-controlled exchange room澄清池settling tank弛度sag持力层bearing layer持证上岗work with a certificate齿轮箱抱轴承间cabin for gear box hold bearings斥离位exclusion position from the stock rail position充满度degree saturation充实水柱water full columns充填式垫板filling pad冲钉drift pin冲沟gully冲击波impact wave冲击电压impulse voltage冲击镐percussion pickax冲击功impact energy冲击力impact force冲击耐压impulse withstand voltage 冲击韧度impact toughness冲击式风顶impact wind jack冲击试验impact test冲击系数impact factor冲击钻进percussive drilling冲积alluviation冲积锥alluvial cone冲刷scour冲刷深度scouring depth冲刷系数coefficient of scouring冲刷线scouring line冲填土hydraulic fill冲洗rinse冲洗废水rinsed wastewater冲洗强度intensity of washing冲抓锥impacting-seizing cone抽查random inspection抽水试验pumping test抽芯成型core-pulling mechanism 抽样方案sampling scheme抽样检查sampling inspection稠度consistency稠度界限consistency limit臭氧ozone臭氧氧化法ozone oxidation出岔点branching-off point出厂合格证product certificate出发场departure yard出入段线entry and exit lines出砟转载装置muck transfer equipment出砟作业mucking 出站地道exit tunnel出站集散厅exit concourse初步设计preliminary design初测preliminary survey初次沉淀池primary sedimentation tank初凝initial set初期雨水early-stage rainfall初期支护primary support初始地应力intact ground stress初始地应力场intact ground stress field初始风险initial risk初始扣压力initial clamping force初张拉initial tension除磷phosphorus removal除油设施oil removal facilities储备能力reserve capacity储风罐air reservoir储量reserve处理反馈信息process feedback处理效率processing efficiency触电electric shock触探试验cone penetration test穿孔式混凝土枕push-through concrete sleeper 穿水处理water-crossing treatment传递长度transfer length传动系统driving system传感元件sensor传剪器shear transferor传热系数coefficient of heat transfer传声损失(TL)sound transmission loss (TL)传输方式transmission mode传输继电器transmission relay传输控制协议transmission control protocol (TCP)传输损耗attenuation传输系统transmission system船只或排筏的撞击力collision force of ship or raft喘振区surge area串/并联series/parallel connection串联电容补偿装置series capacitor compensation device 串联式轨道电路series track circuit串音crosstalk串音干扰crosstalk interference窗地比area ratio of window to floor窗帘盒pelmet窗墙面积比area ratio of window to wall窗台windowsill窗台板elbowboard吹填土dredger fill垂裙vertical apron垂直(子)系统vertical (sub) system垂直布线vertical wiring垂直动荷载vertical dynamic load垂直度verticality垂直接地体vertical earthing electrode垂直均布压力uniform vertical pressure垂直气动力vertical aerodynamic垂直升降设施vertical lift facilities垂直土压力vertical earth pressure垂直位移vertical displacement锤击法hammering method纯剪应力simple shearing stress瓷绝缘子porcelain insulator磁场强度magnetic field intensity磁法勘探magnetic prospecting磁化强度intensity of magnetization磁介质纸质热敏车票magnetic heat-sensitive paper ticket 磁路系统magnetic circuit system磁盘阵列disk array次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation次坚石secondary hard rock次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite次生林地secondary forest次要部位secondary position次要战线auxiliary station track次应力secondary stress次重型轨道secondary heavy type track粗骨料coarse aggregate粗角砾土coarse angular gravel soil粗颗粒coarse particles粗砂coarse sand粗砂夹碎(卵)石gravelly sand 静压闷料振压粗圆砾土coarse round gravel soil粗制螺栓black bolt催化温度brittle temperature淬火处理quenching treatment淬火钢轨quenched rail存车场stabling yard存车线stabling siding存储storage存储区域网络storage area network (SAN) 储存设备storage device存梁场girder storage yard存轮棚wheelsets deposit shed错动量slippage momentum错断式staggered breaking type错落dislocation错台stagger step错台高度height of stagger step错误办理wrong operation错误解锁false release错误开放信号wrong clearing of a signal错误闭锁false locking错误显示wrong indication错牙uneven rail ends in line or surface错置梁dislocated girder搭板RC transition slab搭接overlap搭接焊overlap welding打入桩driven pile打设锚杆挂网绳网防护Protection with rock bolt and wire mesh打桩机pile driver大比例尺地形测图large scale topographic mapping大地电磁探测geoelectricity magnetic sounding大地高geodetic height大地水准面geoid大地坐标geodetic coordinate大功率转辙机high power switch machine大寒日Dhan in lunar calendar大空间大流量喷头heavy-duty nozzle大口井open well大理石marble大理岩marble大楼综合定时供给设备integrated building timing supply equipment (BITS)大漂石large boulders大屏幕显示设备large-screen display device 大气atmosphere 大气污染atmospheric pollution大气影响急剧层深度sharp layer depth of atmosphere influenced大气影响深度climate influenced layer大桥major bridge大区节点main region node大体积混凝土mass concrete大型车站large station大型花灯large lantern大型临时工程large-scale temporary works 大型旅客车站large passenger station大型取土场large borrow area大型养路机械段large maintenance machinery depot大型养路机械检修库large maintenance machinery maintenance workshop大型养路机械检修库和停放库(棚)garage(shed) for heavy-duty track大型站房large station building大修overhaul大中修周期period of overhaul/ medium repair带柄道岔表示器switch indicator with handle带电体live parts of OCS带动道岔switch to be controlled outside of the route带回流线的直接供电方式direct feeding system with return wire带接地刀闸的隔离开关disconnector with earth contact带截水槽的结构structure with cutoff trench 带图移栽transplanting with soil带状地形图strip topographic map待班台位standby position; standby bay待避所refuge shelter 待机模式standby mode待修轨rail waiting for repair袋装砂井sand wick; sand bag well单臂掘进机raodheader单边供电single-end feeding单层填砾过滤器filter by gravel filter layer ??单穿加固one sleeper added between sleepers for reinforcement单捣作业single tamping单点冗余连接single-point redundant connection单电源single power supply单动道岔single-working switch单斗挖掘机single-bucket excavation单独操纵作业individual operation单渡线single crossover单端接地single-end earthing单断single break单钩裂土器single-shank ripper单轨条轨道电路single rail track circuit单呼point to point call单护盾掘进机single shield TBM单进路single route单开道岔single turnout单梁式架桥机single beam girder erecting machine单面焊缝one side weld ??单面坡道one-way slope单面坡口one-way groove单面坡隧道one-way gradient tunnel单模(多模)光纤monomode(mutimode) fiber单模光纤single mode fiber单母线分段sectionalized single bus单身宿舍dormitory单式箱梁single cell box girder单位工程unit works单位权unit weight单位权中误差standard error of unit weight 单线桥single track bridge单线隧道single track tunnel单线铁路single track railway单线自动闭塞automatic blocking for singletrack单相(结线牵引)变压器single-phase traction transformer单相V, v(x)结线牵引变压器single-phase V, v(x) traction transformer单相V/V 接线single-phase V/V connection 单相电single-phase electricity单相工频交流电力牵引制single-phase industrial frequency AC electric traction system单相接地single-phase grounding。

【优质】铁路常用汉英对照

【优质】铁路常用汉英对照
抛掷爆破pin-point blasting
松动爆破blasting for loosening rock
药壶爆破pot hole blasting
裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting;contact blasting
路堑边坡cutting slope;side slope of cut
堑顶top of cutting slope;top of cutting
高架桥viaduct
旱桥dry bridge
人行桥foot bridge;pedestrian bridge
圬工桥masonry bridge
钢桥steel bridge
铆接钢桥riveted steel bridge
栓焊钢桥bolted and welded steel bridge
全焊钢桥all welded steel bridge
桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge
桥梁荷载谱bridge load spectrum
换算均布活载equivalent uniform live load
设计荷载design load
主力principal load
恒载dead load
土压力earth load
静水压力hydrostatic pressure
抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation;packing sedimentation by throwing stones;packing up sedimentationby dumping stones
路堑石方爆破rock cutting blasting;rock blasting in cut

铁道车辆词汇英汉对照(简).doc

铁道车辆词汇英汉对照(简).doc

铁道车辆词汇英汉对照(简)Aabnormalphenomenon异常现象abnormalsound异声,不正常声音abnormalwear不正常磨耗abrasive磨料abrasivecloth砂布abrasivedisc研磨盘abrasiveresistance耐磨强度abrasivesurface磨耗面abrasivewear磨耗,磨蚀,磨损abrasivewheel砂轮absorbent吸收剂absorptionsystem吸收系统absorption-typerefrigeratingunit吸收式制冷机组absorptivity吸收系数ABSSystem(AutomaticBlockSignalSystem)自动闭塞信号系统acceleratedrelease加速缓解acceleratedreleaserate加速缓解率acceleratedreleasereservoir加速缓解风缸acceleratingpotential加速电压accelerationtransducer加速度传感器accelerator加速器acceleratorvalve加速阀accelerograph加速度仪accelerometer加速度仪accessoryframe辅框accessoryframeassembly辅框组成accessoryofunderframe底架附属件accumulatedkilometrage累计行驶公里数accumulatedmileage累计行驶里数accumulator蓄电池,蓄能器accumulatorbox蓄电池箱AC-DCpowersupply交流-直流供电ACinductorgenerator交流感应子发电机acidaccumulator酸性蓄电池acidbattery酸性蓄电池acidcorrosion酸性腐蚀acidpickling 酸洗acidproof耐酸acidslag酸性渣acidity酸度acousticinsulation 隔音activecontrolbogie主动控制转向架actualbrakingdistance实制动距离actualbrakingtime实制动时间adapter承载鞍adhesion(轮轨之间的)粘着力adhesionbraking粘着制动adjusternut调整器螺母adjustinghandwheel调整手轮adjustingleadscrew调整丝杠adjustinglever调整杠杆adjustingleverseat调节杆安装座adjustingnut调整螺母adjustingpad调整垫adjustingplate调整板adjustingscrew调整螺丝adjustingshoulder调整凸肩adjustingspring调整弹簧,复原弹簧adjustingspringseat调整弹簧座airadmissionpipe进气管airadmissionport进气口airbrake空气制动机air-brakeequipment空气制动装置air-brakehose空气制动软管air-brakehose空气制动软管air-brakehoseclamp空气制动软管夹具airbrakehosecoupling空气制动软管联接器airbrakehoselabel空气制动软管标签airbrakesafetycontrol空气制动机安全控制airbrakesystem空气制动系统airchamberbushing气室套aircircuitbreaker空气断路器aircleaner空气洁净装置,空气过滤器aircoil空气(冷却)盘管aircompressor空气压缩机aircompressorgovernor空气压缩机调压器aircompressorgovernorsynchronizingsystem空气压缩机调压器同步机构aircompressorsuctionstrainer空气压缩机进风滤尘器aircompressorswitch空气压缩机开关air-conditionedpassengercar 空调客车air-conditioningequipment空调装置airconditioningtest 空调试验airconditioningunit单元式空调机组air-coolingequipment 风冷装置aircushionedspring空气弹簧aircylinderbody气缸体airdamper空气减振器airdeliveryduct送风道airdiffuser送风口,空气扩散器airduct风道air-exhaustdevice排气装置airfilter空气过滤器(滤清器)airfreshener空气清新器airheater空气加热器airhose 通风软管airinletcock给风塞门airinletduct进风道airinletpipe进风管airlines风管道airgauge压力表,风压表airgaugecock压力表塞门airgrid出风格栅airinletpipe进气管airoutlethood散风罩airpipestrainer风管滤尘器airport风口air-precoolingequipment空气预冷装置air-preheatingequipment空气预热装置airpressuregauge压力表airpressurereservoir气室airpump风泵,即空气压缩机airpumpgovernor风泵调压器airrefrigeratingmachine 空气制冷机airrelayvalve空气中继阀airreservoir储风缸airreservoirclamp储风缸夹airreservoir/tankbody气室体air-returnduct回风道airseasoning=naturalseasoning自然干燥airspring空气弹簧airspringassembly空气弹簧组成airspringheight-measureplate空簧高度测量板airspringsupport空簧支承梁airtightness气密性airtightnesstest气密性试验airvalvebody 空气阀体air/watersequencevalve气/水联动阀airwhistle风笛,风鸣器aisle走廊aisledecorationstrip大走廊饰带板alarmcircuits报警电路alkalineaccumulator/battery碱性蓄电池allowance加工余量allsteel-coveredwagon全钢棚车aluminumalloycarbody铝合金车体aluminumprofile铝型材ambulancecar卫生车ammeter电流表analysiscertificate化验证明anchorplate下鞍,油罐托angle角钢,角铁anglecock折角塞门anglecockhanger折角塞门吊板angleiron 角铁anglesteel角钢annealv.;n.(使)退火annealed退火的annealedcasting退火铸件annealedsteel退火钢annealedtensilestrength退火后的拉伸强度anti-rollbar抗侧滚扭杆anti-rollbarassembly抗侧滚扭杆组成anti-rotatingplate防转板anti-rotatingstop防转止挡antiskiddevice防滑器antiskidfootsteps 防滑脚蹬anti-wheelslidesystem(AWSS)车轮防滑系统anti-yawdamper抗蛇行减振器anti-yawdamperseat抗蛇行减振器座applicationpiston作用活塞applicationpistonstem作用活塞杆applicationvalve作用阀,控制阀applicationvalvebracket作用阀安装座applicationvalvestem作用阀杆archbarbogie拱板转向架articulatedcar关节式车,铰接式车attendantcallsystem呼叫乘务员系统audibleattendantcallsystem呼叫乘务员可听装置audiblevisualwarning视听报警austeniteannealing奥氏体退火austenitestainlesssteel奥氏体不锈钢auto-coupling自动挂接;自动连挂automaticairbrake自动空气制动机automaticbrakevalve自动制动阀automaticchangeover自动换挡/切换automaticcoupler自动车钩automaticheightadjuster自动高度调整装置automaticlock自动锁automaticslackadjuster闸瓦间隙自动调整器automatictemperature-controldevice温度自动控制装置automatictraincontrol(ATC)自动列车控制automaticwelding自动焊auxiliarypowersystem辅助电源系统auxiliaryrepairplate辅修牌,定检牌auxiliaryreservoir副风缸auxiliarytransom辅助梁averageretardationrate平均减速度axisofweld焊缝轴线axlebody轴身axleboxguide轴箱定位;轴箱导框axleboxguidancedevice轴箱定位装置axleboxspring轴箱弹簧axlebrakingratio轴制动率axlediameter轴径axleload轴荷重axleloadingforce轴载荷axletemperaturemeasuringhole轴温测孔axletemperaturesensor轴温传感器axletemperaturesurveillancesystem轴温检测系统Bbackstop门挡backtobackL/C对背信用证back(-)up(计算机)备份;支承backupring支承环,垫圈backupwasher支撑垫圈backview后视图backwelding封底焊baffleplate挡板baggagecar(美国)行李车balancer平衡铁,平衡器balancerbushing平衡铁套ballcut-outcocks 球形截断塞门ballseat球座ball-typeanglecock球芯折角塞门ballunion球面接头ballvalve球形阀batterybox蓄电池箱batterycharger蓄电池充电器batteryset/unit蓄电池组bead焊道bearer托bearingcap轴承盖bearingplate支承板bearingplateassembly支承板组成bearingseat轴承座bearingsleeve 轴承套bedbracket床托bedding卧具beltpulley皮带轮beltpulleyseat皮带轮座beltrail(车体)大腰带berth卧铺bi-directionalcylinder双向风缸bigguidingbushing大导向套bigrepair大修bodycenterplate上心盘bodycenterplatesupport心盘座bodycenterplateassembly上心盘组成bodysidebearing上旁承bogie转向架bogiebrakerigging转向架基础制动装置bogiecenterplate下心盘bogiecenterplateassembly下心盘组成bogiediagonal转向架对角线bogiefrictionmomentagainstpivot转向架回转阻力矩bogiepivot转向架中心销bogiepivotcenters转向架中心距bogierigidityagainstdistortion转向架扭曲刚度bogierigidityagainstshearing转向架剪切刚度bogiesidebearingbase 下旁承体bogiesidebearingplate下旁承盒bogiesidebearingrubberpad下旁承胶垫bogiesidebearingslidingblock下旁承滑块bogiesidebearingseat旁承座bogiewithintegralboxsideframe整体侧架转向架bolster枕梁;摇枕bolsterassembly摇枕组成bolsterstop摇枕挡bolsterhangerassembly摇枕吊组成bolsterhangerbracket摇枕吊座bolsterhangerlug摇枕吊耳bolsterhangerpin摇枕吊销bolsterhangerpinseat摇枕吊销座bolsterhangershaft摇枕吊轴bolsterleafspring摇枕板弹簧bolsteropening摇枕孔bolsterspring 摇枕弹簧bolsterandspringassembly摇枕弹簧组成bottomchord下弦梁bottomconnectionplatesill端梁下连接板bottomcover下盖bottomdoor底门bottomoperationcoupler下作用车钩bottomplate 底板bottomsidebearingbox下旁承盒boxcar棚车brake制动机brakebracket制动梁brakebracketguide制动梁滑槽brakebrackethanger制动梁吊座brakebracketconnectingrod制动梁拉杆brakebracketreleasespring制动梁缓解弹簧brakebranchpipe 制动支管brakecylinder制动缸brakecylinderdisplacement制动缸排出量brakecylinderexhaustcock制动缸排风塞门brakecylinderforce制动缸推力brakecylinderhanger制动缸吊brakecylinderlever制动缸杠杆brakecylinderleverbracket制动缸杠杆托brakedisc制动盘brakediscassembly制动盘组成brakediscseat 制动盘座brakeequipment制动装置brakehanger闸瓦托吊brakehangerbracket闸瓦托吊座brakehangerlug闸瓦托吊耳brakehead闸瓦托brakeheadpin闸瓦托销brakehosecoupling制动软管联接器brakelever制动杠杆brakeleverfulcrum制动杆支点brakelining闸片brakemainpipe制动主管brakepin制动杠杆销brakepipe制动主管brakepiping制动管brakepress折弯机brakepropagation制动波brakepropagationrate制动波速度brakerigging基础制动装置brakesystem制动系统carbodybrakerigging车体基础制动装置brakeshaft手制动轴brakeshaftbracket手制动轴托brakeshaftsleeve手制动轴套brakeshoes闸瓦,刹车片,制动片brakeshoeback闸瓦钢背brakeshoeclearance闸瓦间隙brakeshoeforce闸瓦力brakeshoesholder闸瓦托brakeshoeskey闸瓦插销brakeshoesslackadjuster闸瓦间隙调整器brakestep手制动踏板brakeunit单元制动机brakewheel手制动轮braking制动brakingcylinder制动缸brakingdeceleration制动减速度brakingdistance制动距离brakingefficiency制动效率brakingdistance制动距离brakingforce制动力brakingleverage制动倍率brakingratio制动率brakingreleasevalve制动缓解阀branchline铁路支线branchsteampipe进气支管brazing/solderingtemperature钎焊温度broad-gaugecar宽轨车brokenflange轮缘破损brokenrim轮辋裂bufferbar缓冲杆bufferbeam缓冲梁bufferdisc圆头缓冲器bufferfootplate搭板bufferplate缓冲板bufferrod缓冲杆bufferrodbackseat缓冲杆后支座bufferrodfrontseat缓冲杆前支座bufferseat缓冲器座bufferspring缓冲弹簧,缓冲杆弹簧bufferspringseat缓冲弹簧座bulkcargo散装货物,大宗货物bulkcementcar散装水泥车bulkcontainer散装货集装箱bumper缓冲挡,缓冲梁bumpershaft 挡轴buttjoint对接接头buttweld对接焊缝buttwelding对接焊butterflybolt蝶形螺栓butterflynut蝶形螺母butterflyvalve蝶(形)阀buzzer蜂鸣器by-passpipe旁通管by-passvalve旁通阀by-passvalvecap旁通阀盖by-passvalvecover旁通阀盖by-passvalverubberseat旁通阀橡胶垫by-passvalvespring旁通阀弹簧Ccab司机室cabarmrest司机室扶手/靠手cabbrace司机室托架cabcar司机车cabcircularwindow司机室圆窗cabfloorbeam司机室地板梁cabhandhold司机室扶手cableconnector电缆延长连接器cableduct电缆导管cableductunderneathcar车底电线管cabling布线,敷设电缆calculatedbrakingdistance计算制动距离calibratev.校准calibrationn.校准cam凸轮camtransmission凸轮传动canvas帆布capacityofdraftgear缓冲器容量capillarypipe/tube毛细管capitalrepair大修caraxle车轴carbide硬质合金carbidecutter硬质合金刀具carbody=carbody车体carbodyshell车体钢结构carbondeposit积碳,碳沉积carbonequivalent碳当量carconstruction 车辆构造cardanjoint万向接头cardanshaft万向轴cardepot车辆段carfleet车队carprofile(车顶)弯梁carreplacer救援复轨器carsignalvalve车辆信号阀carwithaxlegenerator母车carwithoutaxlegenerator子车carline(车顶)弯梁catenary(电气化铁路)架空接触线catenarysystem架空接触线系统ceilingduct车顶风道ceilinglamp顶灯ceilingpanel内顶板ceilingpartitionpanel顶棚隔板centerbufferspring中央缓冲弹簧centerbufferstem中央缓冲杆center-depressedsill(车体)刀把梁centerdrawbar中央牵引杆centerdumpingcar中央倾卸车centerhole中心孔centerpin中心销centerplate心盘centerplateblock心盘座块centerplateloadingforce 心盘载荷centerplatepad心盘垫centersill中梁centersillbottomangle中梁下角铁centersillbottomcoverplate中梁下盖板centersillchannel中梁槽钢centersillseparator中梁隔铁centersillsplicing中梁拼接centersillstiffener中梁补强铁centersilltopangle中梁上角铁centersillwebplate中梁腹板centerspringbracket中心弹簧座centerwedgeblock中心楔块centering定中心,对准中心centeringblock摆块centeringblockhanger摆块吊centeringdevice复原装置centeringhole中心孔,定心孔centeringspring复原弹簧centralizedinverter集中式逆变器centralizedpowersupply集中供电centrifugalcompressor离心式压缩机centrifugaldirtcollector远心集尘器centrifugaldustcollector远心集尘器centrifugalfan离心式风扇/风机centrifugalpump离心泵centripetalforce向心力CEO(ChiefcutiveOfficer)首席执行官chainbracket链座chainhook 链钩chainlink链环chainsheave链轮channel槽钢channelsteel槽钢chamfern.;vt.倒角changeoverswitch转换开关changeovervalve 变位阀characteristiccurve特性曲线chargercontrolpanel充电器控制板chargingcurrent充电电流chargingdiaphragm充气膜板chargingload充电载荷chargingpiston充气活塞chargingplug充电插头chargingreceptacle充电插座chargingtest充电试验chargingvalve充气阀,充注阀chargingvalvebody充气阀体chargingvalveseat充气阀座chargingvalvespring充气阀弹簧chargingvoltage充电电压Charpy(impact)test摆锤式冲击试验checknut防松螺母,锁紧螺母checkplate防松板checkring挡圈,止动环checkrod抑止杆,牵条checkvalve止回阀,单向阀checkvalvecap止回阀盖checkvalvecase止回阀盒checkvalveseat 止回阀座checkvalvespring止回阀弹簧checkwasher防松垫圈classificationyard编组场clearancebetweencolumnguideandcolumn 摇枕挡间隙clearancebetweenpedestalanditsguide轴箱导框间隙clearancecar限界车辆clearancecontour界限轮廓clearancefit间隙配合clearancegauge/feeler塞尺clearancelimit车辆限界,净空界限,余系限度clearancelimitframe限界框clevis,cleviceU形钩,马蹄钩cold-rolledsteel冷轧钢clutch离合器CNR(CanadianNationalRailways)加拿大国有铁路CO2shieldedarcwelding二氧化碳气体保护焊columnguide摇枕挡combinationdustcollector组合式集尘器combinationfaucet冷热水转换水阀combustionchamber燃烧室comfortablequalityofvibration 振动舒适度commissioningn.调试commencementoffuelinjection喷油提前角(angleofadvance)commonpassengercar普通客车connectionpipe/tube连通管,连接管communicatingsignalsystem通信信号系统communicationcar通讯车communicationconnector通信连接器communicationtrunk通讯干线commutator整流器,换向器commutatorinsulator整流器绝缘片commutatingpolemotor整流极电机commutatorsegment整流器片commutercar城际客车contactmaker接触钮,接合器contactpatch接触区contactwire接触线compartment客室compartment-typesleepingroom包间卧室compartmentsleeper包间式卧车completeknock-down(C.K.D.)全散件completeoverhaul大修compositebrakeshoe合成闸瓦compositebrakeliner合成闸瓦摩擦片compositestructure钢木混合结构compressionchannel(制动梁)槽钢梁compressionring压紧圈,压环compressionspring压缩弹簧compressor压缩机compressormanifold压缩机集管compressorset/unit压缩机组concavefilletweld凹形角焊缝concavity焊缝凹度concentratedload 集中载荷concentratedstress集中应力concentration浓度concentricity同心度concrete混凝土;具体的condensaten.冷凝水v.冷凝condenser冷凝器;电容器condenserfan冷凝风机condensingpipe凝水管condensingunit压缩冷凝机组conductor’sswitch车长开关conductor’svalve车长阀conductor’svalvedischargepipe车长阀风管conduit电线管connectingbox接线盒connectionbox接线盒connectingpipe连接管connectingplate 连接板connectingrod连杆connectingrodbody连杆体connectingrodjournal连杆轴颈connectingrodkey连杆键connectingrodseat连杆座connectioncone连接体锥斗connectionpinset连接销组成connectingseat连接座connectingshaftassembly连杆轴组成console操纵台constrictingnozzle压缩喷嘴consumableelectrode熔化电极containercar集装箱车constant-pressurereservoir定压风缸constantvoltagebox/cabinet恒压箱continuousbrake连续制动机continuousrating持续额定功率continuousweld连续焊缝continuouswelding连续焊controlbox/cabinet控制箱controlcircuit 控制电路controlconnector控制连接器controlmechanism控制机构controlpanel控制屏controlpump控制泵controlroom控制室controlstand控制架controlsystem控制系统controlvalve控制阀controlledemergencyapplication可控紧急制动controlledemergencycock可控紧急塞门controlledrectifier可控整流器controller控制器convertor整流器(变交流电为直流电)COO(chiefoperatingofficer)首席运营官coolant冷却剂,冷却液cooler冷却器coolingmedium冷却介质coolingtest冷却试验coolingwatersystem冷却水系统cornerbrace角撑cornercasting角部铸件cornerjoint角接接头cornerspring角弹簧cornerspringbracket角弹簧座cornice(内墙板和顶棚连接处)压条cornicepanel(车窗以上)饰带板corridor走廊corridorcoach带走廊的座车corridortrain带走廊的包间列车corrosiontest腐蚀试验corrugatedplate波纹地板corrugatedsheet波纹薄板cortensteel耐候钢countersample对等货样,回样countersunkpin沉头销countersunkrivet沉头铆钉countersunkscrew沉头螺丝couplerod 连动杆coupler车钩couplerbody钩体couplercarrier车钩托梁couplercenterline车钩中心线couplercenteringdevice车钩复原装置couplerknuckle钩舌couplerlinkprofile车钩连接轮廓couplerlock 钩锁couplerlug钩耳couplerneck钩颈couplerplug连接插头。

铁路隧道术语Terms-for-railway-tunnel摘自-GBT-16566-1996

铁路隧道术语Terms-for-railway-tunnel摘自-GBT-16566-1996

铁路隧道术语Terms-for-railway-tunnel摘自-GBT-16566-19961 . 范围1 . 范围本标准规定了铁路隧道的基本术语及其定义本标准适用于铁路隧道工程的勘测、设计、施工、运营、科研、教学等方面。

其他地下工程亦可参照使用。

2 . 隧道一般术语2.1 铁路隧道railway tunnel修建在地下或水下,铺设轨道供铁路机车车辆通行的建筑物2.2 特长隧道very long length tunnel全长10000米以上的隧道2.3 长隧道long length tunnel全长3000米以上至10000米的隧道2.4 中长隧道medium length tunnel,500-3000 m 的隧道2.5 短隧道short length tunnel500米以下的隧道2.6 圆形隧道circular shaped tunnel断面形状是圆形的隧道2.7 马蹄形隧道horse-shoe shape tunnel断面轮廓形状由数个圆弧或圆弧与直线连接而成,形似马蹄的隧道2.8 单线隧道single-track tunnel铺设一条线路的隧道2.9 双线隧道double-track tunnel铺设二条线路的隧道2.10 多线隧道multi-track tunnel铺设两条以上线路的隧道2.11 浅埋隧道shallow depth tunnel埋置深度较浅,开挖的影响波及地表的隧道2.12 深埋隧道deep depth tunnel埋置深度较深,开挖的影响一般不波及地表的隧道2.13 特深埋隧道very deep depth tunnel埋置深度大于500米的隧道2.14 单坡隧道one way gradient tunnel线路纵坡是单向坡的隧道2.15 双坡隧道double way gradient tunnel线路纵坡是双向坡的隧道2.16 偏压隧道unsymmetrical loading tunnel; deviatoric pressure tunnel结构承受明显不对称荷载的隧道2.17 山岭隧道mountain tunnel穿越山岭,为克服线路高程障碍而设置的隧道2.17.1 越岭隧道watershed tunnel穿越分水岭的隧道2.17.2 傍山隧道tunnel on valley line沿河谷傍山地段修建的隧道2.18 不良地质隧道tunnel in unfavorable geological conditions由于地质条件恶劣,修建困难或施工中容易诱发地质灾害的隧道。

铁路工程词汇中英对照翻译1

铁路工程词汇中英对照翻译1

铁路工程词汇中英对照翻译2007-08-08 17:17线路工程 railway line engineering铁路勘测 ;铁道勘测 railway reconnaissance铁路选线 ;铁道选线 railway route selection;railwaylocation;approximate railway location;location of railway route selection经济勘察 economic investigation地质调查 geological survey;geologic survey方案比较 project comparison铁路勘探 ;铁道勘探 railway exploration铁路测量 ;铁道测量 railway survey线路测量 route survey;profile survey;longitudinal survey曲线测量 curve survey既有线测量 survey of existing line;survey of existing railway铁路线路图 ;铁道线路图 railway map定线 location of line铁路设计 ;铁道设计 railway design线路设计 track design平面设计 plane design纵断面设计 longitudinal section design横断面设计 transverse section design曲线设计 curve design车站设计 station design站场设计 design of stations and yards标准设计 standard design线路等级 line grade铁路限界 ;铁道限界 railway clearance建筑限界 construction clearance设计规范 code of design设计标准 design standard铁路线路 ;铁道线路 railway line铁路曲线 ;铁道曲线 railway curve缓和曲线 transition curve;easement curve;spiral transition curve 小半径曲线 small-radius curve曲线半径 curve radius曲线超高 superelevation on curve;cant;elevation of curve欠超高 inadequate superelevation;deficient superelevation未被平衡加速度 unbalanced acceleration竖曲线 vertical curve坡道 gradient坡度 grade;gradient;slope限制坡度 ruling grade;limiting grade坡度折减 grade compensation;compensation of gradient;gradientcompensation避难线 refuge siding;catch siding双线插入段 double track interpolation铁路连接线 ;铁道连接线 railway connecting line隧道内线路 line in tunnel桥头引线 bridge approach站线 siding站线长度 length of station line铁路标志 ;铁道标志 railway sign警冲标 fouling point indicator;fouling post线路中心线 track center line;central lines of track线间距离 ;线间距 distance between centres of lines;distance between centers of tracks;midway between tracks线路试验 ;线路实验 track test;road test;running test路基 subgrade铁路路基 ;路基;铁道路基 railway subgrade;subgrade软土路基 soft soil subgrade沙漠路基 desert subgrade冻土路基 permafrost subgrade膨胀土路基 subgrade in swelling soil zone路基基床 subgrade bed路堤 embankment;fill高路堤 high-fill embankment路堑 cut;road cutting深路堑 deep cutting路肩 road shoulder;subgrade shoulder边坡 side slope护坡 revetment;slope protection;pitching路基滑动 subgrade slip滑坡防治 landslide preventive treatment路基排水 subgrade drainage塑料排水板 plastic drainage board路基加固 subgrade strengthening土工织物 geotextile挡土墙 ;挡墙 retaining walls锚定板 anchor plate锚杆 anchor bolt抗滑桩 antiskid pile;anti-slide pile;counter-sliding pile加筋土 reinforced earth植被 vegetation路基防护 subgrade protection防护工程 protective engineering防护林 protection forest防沙 sand proof固沙 stabilization of sand输导砂 sediment transport路侧建筑物 roadside structure排水沟 weeper drain;weep drain;drainage ditch;drain ditch挡风墙 wind-shield wall;wind-break wall隔声墙 sound-proof wall防雪栅 snow fence;snow guard轨道理论 track theory轨道设计 track design轨道参数 track parameter轨距 track gauge;rail gage;rail gauge轨距加宽 track gauge widening轨底坡 cant of rail;rail cant轨道力学 track dynamics;track mechanics轨道强度 track strength轨道阻力 track resistance道床阻力 trackbed resistance;ballast resistance扣固力 fastening force钢轨应力 rail stress轨道承载力 track bearing capacity轨道稳定性 track stability;stability of track轨道试验 ;轨道实验 track test轮轨关系 wheel-rail interaction;wheel-rail relation轮轨动力学 wheel-rail dynamics轮轨作用力 wheel-rail force轮轨接触 wheel-rail contact接触应力 contact stress轨道结构 track structure轨道 track铁路轨道 ;轨道;铁道轨道 railway track;track线路上部建筑 ;轨道 track superstructure;track重型轨道 heavy track宽轨枕轨道 broad sleeper track板式轨道 slab track;slab-track整体道床轨道 monolithic roadbed track防振轨道 anti-vibration track高架轨道 elevated track无缝线路 jointless line;continuously welded rail track;jointless track 桥上轨道结构 bridge deck track structure隧道内轨道结构 track structure in tunnel钢轨 steel rail重型钢轨 heavy rail长钢轨 long rail焊接长钢轨 long welded rail缩短轨 shortened rail;standard shortened rail;fabricated short rail used on curves;standard curtailed rail热处理钢轨 heat-treated rail合金钢轨 alloy steels rail旧钢轨 used rail钢轨钢 rail steel钢轨螺栓孔 rail bolt hole轨缝 rail gap;joint gap钢轨焊缝 rail welding seam钢轨接头 rail joint异型接头 compromise joint伸缩接头 expansion joint焊接接头 welding joint;welded joint绝缘接头 track section insulator;insulated joint胶接接头 adhesive joint鱼尾板 fish plate鱼尾螺栓 fish bolt扣件 fastening;rail fastening弹性扣件 elastic fastening;elastic rail fastening弹条式扣件 elastic rod type fastening分开式扣件 separated fastening;separated rail fastening;indirect holding fastening扣板式扣件 clip fastening刚性扣件 rigid fastening垫圈 ring道钉 spike;track spike;rail spike;dog spike螺纹道钉 threading spike;screw spike垫板 tie-plate;tie plate橡胶垫板 rubber tie-plate;rubber tie plate防爬器 anticreeper;anti-creeper;rail anchor轨距拉杆 gauge tie rod轨下基础 underrail foundation;sub-rail foundation;sub-rail track bed 轨枕 sleeper;tie;cross tie木枕 wooden sleeper;wooden tie混凝土枕 ;砼枕 concrete sleeper;concrete tie轨枕板 ;宽轨枕 sleeper slab;broad sleeper钢枕 steel sleeper;steel tie合成轨枕 composite sleeper纵向轨枕 longitudinal tie岔枕 points sleeper;switch tie;turnout tie桥枕 bridge tie;bridge sleeper轨排 track panel;track skeleton枕下胶垫 rubber pad under sleeper道床 track bed;ballast bed碎石道床 ballast bed整体道床 monolithic track bed;solid bed;integrated ballastbed;monolithic concrete bed沥青道床 bituminous raodbed;asphalt roadbed;asphalt cemented ballast bed石棉道床 asbestos ballast道碴 ballast道床覆盖 ballast cover轨道附属设备 track auxiliary equipment钢轨涂油器 rail lubricator融雪器 snow melter复轨器 replacer;re-railer;rerailing device脱轨器 derailer车挡 bumper;bumper post道岔 switch;point;turnout;switches and crossings单开道岔 single point;simple turnout;lateral turnout双开道岔 double turnout三开道岔 three-throw turnout;symmetrical three throw turnout;three-way turnout交分道岔 slip switch高速道岔 high-speed switch切线型道岔 tangent turnout道岔设计 turnout design过岔速度 switch crossing speed辙叉 frog;crossing整铸辙叉 integrated cast frog锰钢辙叉 manganese steel frog crossing焊接辙叉 welding frog crossing组合辙叉 combined frog;assembled frog可动心轨辙叉 movable point frog;movable-point frog可动翼轨辙叉 movable wing rails;movable-wing frog尖轨 switch point;point tongue;switch rail;tongue rail;blade滑床板 slide chair;slide plate;switch plate基本轨 stock rail翼轨 wing rail护轮轨 guard rail导曲线 curve of turnout;lead curve道岔附带曲线 curve following turnout branch line交叉 crossing渡线 track cross-over;crossover通过道岔 passing switch铁路道口 ;铁道道口 railway crossing平交道口 level crossing道口板 crossing slab道口路面 crossing road surface立体交叉 ;立交 grade separation线路施工 track construction石方工程 rock excavation土方工程 earthwork填方 filling挖方 cutting土方调拨 mass dispatching线路施工机械 track construction machinery and equipment 轨道施工 track construction轨道工程 track construction轨道铺设 track laying铺碴 ballasting轨枕铺设 sleeper laying铺轨 rail-laying轨排组装 track panel assembling轨排装运 track panel loading轨排基地 track panel base钢轨焊接 rail welding钢轨热处理 rail heat treatment钢轨铺设 rail laying钢轨锁定 rail locking道岔铺设 switch laying轨道施工机械 track construction machinery铺轨列车 tracklaying train;track laying train铺轨机 rail-laying machine;track laying machine钢轨焊接车 rail welding car焊轨机 steel rails weldeding mill;rail welding machine 轨排组装机 track panel assembling machine轨排运送车 track panel transport car铺枕机 sleeper-laying machine铺碴车 ballasting car铺碴机 ballasting machine铺道岔机 turnout-laying machine焊接长钢轨运送车 welding long rails transport car动力稳定车 dynamic track stabilizer线路状态 track state路基病害 subgrade defect沉降 settlement坍方落石 ;危石 collapse rock翻浆冒泥 frost boiling;mud-pumping路基壅水 subgrade water damming路基渗流 subgrade seepage flow路基冲刷 subgrade erosion振动液化 vibration liquifaction冻融 freezing and thawing冻胀 frost heaving冻害 freezing damage;frost heaving雪害 snow damage;snow blockade;snow drift沙害 sand damage轨道状态 track condition轨道变形 track deformation;track disorder;track distortion 轨道不平顺 track irregularity低接头 depression of joint三角坑 warp;twist钢轨爬行 rail creeping涨轨跑道 ;钢轨鼓曲 buckled track;rail buckle钢轨疲劳 rail fatigue钢轨伤损 rail failure;rail defects and failures钢轨断裂 rail fracture钢轨裂纹 rail crack;rail crackes轨头剥离 rail head shelling;gage line shelly cracks钢轨锈蚀 rail bubble;rail corrosion钢轨磨耗 rail wearing波形磨耗 ;波浪磨耗 undulatory wear螺孔裂纹 bolt hole crack辙叉伤损 ;辙叉损伤 frog failure木枕开裂 wooden sleeper cracking轨枕伤损 ;轨枕伤损 sleeper damage道床脏污 ballast contamination线路养护 track maintenance线路维修 track maintenance;maintenance of track日常维修 routine maintenance;current maintenance状态修 repairing on condition;repair according to condition 巡回检查 inspection tour轨道检测机具 track detection equipment道尺 track gauge轨道检测 track detection灾害检测装置 disaster detector超声波探伤仪 ultrasonic flaw detector钢轨探伤车 rail detecting car;rail flaw detection car轨道检查车 ;轨检车 track inspection car;track recording car 高速轨道检查车 ;高速轨检车 high-speed track inspection car 养路作业 track maintenance operation起道 track lifting;raising of track垫碴起道 ballast filling track lifting改道 track realigning;gage correction;gaging of track拨道 track lining捣固 tamping除草 weeding除草剂 herbicide除雪 snow clearing防冻 anti-freezing融雪 snow melt融雪剂 snow melt agent钢轨加热 rail heating钢轨打磨 rail grinding钢轨矫直 straightening of kinked rail钢轨更换 rail replace钢轨探伤 rail detecting钢轨焊补 rail repairing welding轨缝调整 rail gap adjusting应力放散 stress-relieving钢轨温度 rail temperature钢轨涂油 rail lubrication轨枕更换 sleeper replacement扣件作业 fastening operation轨枕修补 sleeper mending枕木防腐 timber sleeper treating道岔养护 switch maintenance道岔更换 switch replacement辙叉焊补 frog welding and repairing道床作业 ballast operation道碴清筛 ballast screening道碴更换 ballast replacement道床整形 ballast trimming曲线养护 curved track maintenance线路管理系统 track management system养路组织 track maintenance organization养路计划 track maintenance planning维修天窗 maintenance time维修周期 maintenance period养路安全 track maintenance safety列车接近警报器 ;列车接近报警器;列车接近报警装置 train approach warning device养路质量 track maintenance quality养路机械化 track maintenance machinization线路中修 intermediate repair of track起道修 ;线路中修 track raising repair;track intermediate overhaul线路大修 major repair of track线路更新 ;线路大修 track renewal;track overhauling线路修复 track restoration铁路抢修 ;铁道抢修 railway emergency maintenance养路机械 track maintenance machine起道机 track lifting machine拨道机 track lining machine起拨道机 track lifting and lining machine捣固机 tamping machine捣固车 tamping wagon道床夯拍机 ballast compactor配碴整形机 ballast distributing and trimming machine;ballast distributing and regulating machine道碴清筛机 ballast cleaner扒碴机 crib ballast raker;crib ballast removers道碴更换机 ballast replacement eqnipment道床清扫机 ballast cleaning machine轨枕更换机 sleeper replacement equipment钢轨更换机 rail replacement equipment钢轨打磨机 rail grinding machine钢轨打磨车 rail grinding wagon直轨器 rail straightening tool;rail straightener锯轨机 rail saw;rail cutting machine;rail sawing machine钢轨钻孔机 rail drilling machine钢轨加热器 rail heater轨缝调整器 rail gap adjuster;rail puller道钉机 spike driver除雪机 snowbreaker;snow removing machine;snow remover除雪车 snow-fighting vehicle;snow plow;snow plough除草机 weeder;weed cutting machine;weed cutter清沟机 ditcher碎冰机 ice crusher养路机具 track maintenance implements液压机具 hydraulic tool轨道车 track car上下道装置 up and down track device发电车 mobile power plant car;generator car综合养路机械 comprehensive track maintenance machine机械化养路基地 mechanized maintenance base工务部门 maintenance of way branch大修队 capital repair brigade工务段 engineering district;maintenance of way section;track division;track district;track maintenance division养路员工 track maintenance worker工务修配厂 maintenance of way shop焊轨厂 rail welding plant枕木防腐厂 timber sleeper treating plant采石场 quarry;stonepit。

铁路工程基本术语(中英对照)

铁路工程基本术语(中英对照)

铁路工程基本术语standard for fundamental terms of railway engineering 一般术语:common terms专用铁路:special railway铁路专用线:special spur track路网铁路:railway of national network岔线;special siding轨距:gauge of track标准轨距铁路:standard-gauge railway窄轨铁路:narrow-gauge railway宽轨铁路:broad-gauge railway运营铁路:operating railway既有铁路:existing railway货运专线:special line for freight train客运专线:special line for passenger train车组:wagon-set车列:train-stock车底;train-set小运转列车:transfer train单元列车:unit train组合列车:combination train铁路主要技术标准:main technical standard of railway铁路等级:railway classification铁路限界:railway clearance线路运营长度:operating distance线路建筑长度:length of construction line车流:car flow货流:freight traffic flow输送能力:traffic capacity通过能力:capacity of track储备能力;reserve capacity吸引范围:traffic catchment area旅行速度:commerical speed技术速度:technical speed中-活载:standard railway live load specified byP.R.C 施工天窗:possessive interval for construction工程地质条件:engineering geologic condition工程地质选线:engineering geologic location不良地质:unfavorable geology汇水面积:water-producing area洪水频率:flood frequency设计流量:designed discharge设计水位:designed water level冲刷系数:coefficient of scour中线测量:center line survey中线桩:center line stake加桩:additional stake外移桩;offset stake水准点高程测量(基平):benchmark leveling中线桩高程测量(中平):center line stake leveling 曲线测量:setting out of curve曲线控制点:curve controlling point放线;setting-out of route交点:intersection point副交点:auxiliary intersection point转向角:deflection angle分转向角:auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角:plane-coordinate azimuth象限角:quadrant angle经纬距:plane rectangular coordinate断链:broken chain投影断链:projective broken chain断高:broken leveling铁路航空测量:railway aerosurveying干线:trunk line支线:branch line预留第二线:reserved second line车站分布:distribution of stations区段;district牵引种类:kind of traction机车类型:type of locomotive牵引定数:tonnage rating牵引方式:mode of traction线间距:distance between centers of lines夹直线:intermediate straight line加力牵引坡度:pusher grade长大坡道:long steep grade坡度折减:reduction of gradient平面交叉;level crossing立体交叉:grade crossing平过道:cross tracks passage轨枕:sleeper有碴轨道;ballasted track轴重:axle weight轴载;axle load异型钢轨:compronising rail绝缘接头:insulated joint预应力钢筋混凝土宽枕:prestressed concrete broad sleeper扣件;rail fastenings普通道钉;spike轨距杆;gauge tie-rod防爬器:anti-creeper轨撑:rail brace面碴:top ballast底碴:sub-ballast路基;subgrade路堤:embankment路堑:cutting半堤半堑;cut-fill section渗水土路基:permeable soil subgrade 路基横断面:subgrade cross-section 路基面;subgrade surface路拱:crown路肩:shoulder of subgrade路肩高程:formation level基床:subgrade bed边坡:side slope坡脚:toe of side slope护道:berm取土坑:borrow pit弃土堆:waste bank侧沟:side ditch天沟:overhead ditch急流槽:chute排水沟:drainage ditch渗沟:blind ditch土石方调配:cut-fill adjustment会越站:passing station线路所:block house辅助所:auxiliary block house乘降所:passenger stoping point中间站:intermediate station局界站:divisional station of railway administration 枢纽前方站:station in advance of terminal补机牵引始终点站:helper station闸站:lock station接轨站:junction station交接站:delivery-receiving station国境站:border station技术作业站:technical operation station区段站:district station客货运站:mixed passenger and freight station货场:team yard综合性货场:composite team yard整车货场:car load team yard零担货场:less-than-carload team yard集装箱货场:container team yard路网性编组站:railway network marshalling station 区域性编组站:regional marshalling station单向编组站:single-type marshalling station工业站:industrial station港湾站:water-front station换装站:interchange-loading station铁路枢纽:railway terminal站坪:station site一级三场编组站:1-stage/3-yard marshalling station 到达场:receiving yard到发场:receiving-depature yard通过车场:transit yard调车场:classification yard平面调车场:flat classification yard交换场:interchange yard交接场:delivery-receiving yard换装场:interchange-loading yard车站配线:station sidings站线:station track安全线:catch siding避难线:refuge siding编发线:marshalling-depature track牵出线:switching lead货物装卸线:team track高架卸货线:elevated unloading track货物装卸有效长度:length of freight loading-unloading 存车线:storage track机待线:locomotive holdtrack补机停留线:helper holdtrack尽头线:stub ended track贯通线:through track枢纽联络线:terminal connecting line枢纽迂回线:terminal roundabout line枢纽环线:terminal troop进出站线路:approach line进出站线路疏解:untwining for approach line平面疏解:plane untwining立体交叉疏解:untwining at separate grade crossing线路别疏解:untwining for leading lines方向别疏解:untwining for directional traffics列车种类别疏解:untwining for train types单进路:single route双进路:either directional route超限货物列车进路:route for out-gauge freight train 行车交叉:traffic intersecting行调交叉:traffic-switching intersecting调车交叉:switching intersecting顺向交叉:same direction intersecting逆向交叉:reverse intersecting单向行车:one-way traffic双向行车:two-way traffic反向行车:running against current of traffic车站咽喉区:throat of station咽喉道岔:throat points咽喉区长度:throat length咽喉区平行作业:simultaneous eeration at throat调车作业:switching service调车区:switching area简易驼峰:simplified hump非机械化驼峰:unmechanized hump机械化驼峰:mechanized hump自动化驼峰:automatic hump半自动化驼峰:semi-automatic hump驼峰调车场头部:grouping of hump yard驼峰调车场尾部:tail of hump yard自动化调车场:automatic classification yard 推送部分:humping section溜放:rolling溜放部分:rolling down section溜车方向:rolling direction限制峰高:limiting height of hump需要峰高:necessary height of hump峰顶;hump crest峰顶平台:crest platform推送线:hump lead溜放线:group lead track分路道岔:branch turnout驼峰迂回线:。

铁路路基施工阶段风险管理报告范文

铁路路基施工阶段风险管理报告范文

铁路路基施工阶段风险管理报告范文英文回答:Railway Subgrade Construction Phase Risk Management Report.1. Introduction.The railway subgrade is an important part of the railway system. It provides support for the track and ensures the stability and safety of the railway line. The construction of the railway subgrade involves complex processes and various risks. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive risk management assessment to identify, evaluate, and mitigate potential risks during the construction phase.2. Risk Identification.Various risks may occur during the railway subgradeconstruction phase, including:Geological risks: Unstable soil conditions, landslides, and earthquakes.Hydrological risks: Flooding, waterlogging, and erosion.Environmental risks: Impact on vegetation, wildlife, and water resources.Construction risks: Material shortages, equipment failures, and labor disputes.Safety risks: Accidents and injuries to workers.3. Risk Evaluation.The identified risks are evaluated based on their probability of occurrence and potential impact on the project. The evaluation is typically conducted using a risk assessment matrix or other quantitative methods. The outputof the evaluation is a list of prioritized risks based on their severity.4. Risk Mitigation.After the risks have been evaluated, appropriate mitigation measures are developed to address each risk. The mitigation measures may include:Geological risks: Soil stabilization, slope reinforcement, and drainage systems.Hydrological risks: Flood control measures, water diversion channels, and erosion control.Environmental risks: Environmental impact assessments, vegetation restoration, and wildlife protection measures.Construction risks: Material procurement planning, equipment maintenance, and labor management.Safety risks: Safety training, personal protectiveequipment, and emergency response plans.5. Risk Monitoring and Control.The implemented mitigation measures are regularly monitored and controlled to ensure their effectiveness. The monitoring process typically involves periodic inspections, data collection, and analysis. Any changes in the risk profile or the effectiveness of the mitigation measures are promptly addressed.6. Conclusion.A comprehensive risk management program is essentialfor the successful construction of a railway subgrade. By identifying, evaluating, and mitigating potential risks, project managers can ensure the safety and efficiency of the construction process and minimize the potential for delays, cost overruns, and accidents.中文回答:铁路路基施工阶段风险管理报告。

铁路工程基本术语标准(英汉对照-collectted_bybby)

铁路工程基本术语标准(英汉对照-collectted_bybby)

铁路工程基本术语标准GB/T50262-97第十一章通信第11.0.1条铁路通信railwaycommunication按照约定的规则传输、交换、处理铁路运输生产及公务联络的各种信息系统的总称。

第ll.0.2条长途通信tollcommunication在铁路通信网的区域划分上属于不同地区(按电务段管辖区域划分)之间的铁路通信。

第11.0.3条区段通信districtcommunication铁路沿线各基层部门进行指挥、调度、办理行车、维护、管理或一般公务联系设置的专用通信系统。

第ll.0.4条地区通信localcommunication在铁路通信网的区域划分上属于同一地区的用户之间的通信。

第11.0.5条站场通信stationandyardcommunication铁路车站、车场进行作业指挥及业务联系设置的专用通信系统。

第11.0.6条通信端站(端站)terminalofficeforcommunication在通信网中处于长途通信和地区通信衔接处的汇接中心。

第11.0.7条分通信枢纽(分枢纽)communicationcentreofrailwaybranchadministration铁路分局所属通信端站的汇接中心,一般设于铁路分局所在地。

第11.0.8条局通信枢纽(局枢纽)communicationcentreofrailwayadministration铁路局所属分枢纽的汇接中心,设于铁路局所在地。

第11.0.9条局间通信枢纽(局间枢纽)communicationcentreinteradministration是其所属局枢纽的汇接中心。

第11.0.10条总枢纽generalcommunicationcentre铁道部所在地的局间枢纽第11.0.11条长途通信网tollcommunicationnetwork连接各级铁路通信枢纽及端站的通信网。

第11.0.12条铁路普通电报(普报)railwaytelegraphordinary为铁路各部门之间传输运输生产及公务联络的信息而设置的电报。

道路工程英语词汇

道路工程英语词汇

道路工程英语词汇abrasiveness 磨耗度absolute datum 绝对基面abutment 桥台abutment pier 制动墩acceleration lane 加速车道accidental load 偶然荷载accommodation lane 专用车道acoustic barrier 隔音墙acting circles of blasting爆破作用圈additional stake加桩adjacent curve in one direction同向曲线admixture外加剂adverse grade for safety反坡安全线aerial photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerophoto base航摄基线aerophoto interpretation航摄像片判读aging 老化aggregate集料(骨料)air hardening气硬性alignment design(城市道路)平面设计,线形设计alignment element线形要素alligator cracking路面龟裂allowable rebound deflection容许(回弹)弯沉alternative line 比较线anchored bulkhead abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead retaining wall锚锭板式挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods锚杆式挡土墙anionic emulsified bitumen阴离子乳化沥青annual average daily traffic年平均日交通量anti-creep heap(厂矿道路)挡车堆anti-dazzling screen防炫屏(遮光栅) antiskid heap(厂矿道路)防滑堆approach span引桥aquitard 隔水层arch bridge拱桥arch culvert拱涵arch ring拱圈arterial highway干线公路arterial road(厂内)主干道,(城市)主干路asphalt distributor沥青洒布车asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt paver沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt sand沥青砂asphalt sprayer沥青洒布机asphaltic bitumen地沥青at-grade intersection平面交叉auxiliary lane附加车道average consistency(of soil)(土的)平均稠度average gradient 平均纵坡azimuth angle方位角balance weight retaining wall衡重式挡土墙base course基层base line基线basic traffic capacity基本通行能力beam bridge梁桥beam level deflectometer杠杆弯沉仪bearing支座bearing angle象限角bearing pile支承桩bearing platform承台bed course垫层bench mark水准点benched subgrade台口式路基bending strength抗弯强度Benkelman beam杠杆弯沉仪(贝克曼弯沉仪)bent cap盖梁berm护坡道binder结合料binder course联结层bitumen沥青bitumen extractor(沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen-aggregate ratio油石比bituminous concrete mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous macadam mixture沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam pavement沥青碎石路面bituminous mixture沥青混合料bituminous pavement沥青路面bituminous penetration pavement沥青贯入式路面bituminous surface treatment(沥青)表面处治blasting crater爆破漏斗blasting for loosening rock松动爆破blasting for throwing rock抛掷爆破blasting procedure土石方爆破bleeding泛油blind ditch盲沟blind drain盲沟block pavement块为路面block stone块石blow up拱胀boring钻探开孔boring log(道路)地质柱状图boring machine钻孔机borrow earth借土borrow pit取土坑boundary frame on crossing道口限界架boundary frame on road道路限界架boundary line of road construction道路建筑限界bowstring arch bridge系杆拱桥box culvert箱涵branch pipe of inlet雨水口支管branch road(城市)支路,(厂内)支道bridge桥梁bridge decking桥面系bridge deck pavement桥面铺装bridge floor expansion and contraction installation桥面伸缩装置bridge girder erection equipment架桥机bridge on slope坡桥bridge site桥位bridge road驮道broken chainage断链broken stone碎石broken back curve断背曲线buried abutment埋置式桥台bus bay公交(车辆)停靠站bypass公交绕行公路cable bent tower索塔cable saddle索鞍cable stayed bridge斜拉桥(斜张桥) cableway erecting equipment缆索吊装设备California bearing ratio(CBR)加州承载比(CBR) California bearing ratio tester加州承载比(CBR)测定仪camber curve路拱曲线cantilever beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙capacity of intersection 交叉口通行能力capacity of network路网通行能力capillary water毛细水carriage way车行道(行车道)cast-in-place cantilever method悬臂浇筑法cationicemulsified bitumen阳离子乳化沥青cattle-pass畜力车道cement concrete水泥混凝土cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete pavement水泥混凝土路面center-island中心岛center lane中间车道center line of road道路中线center line survey中线测量center stake中桩central reserve分隔带channelization渠化交通channelization island导流岛channelized intersection分道转弯式交叉口chip石屑chute急流槽circular curve圆曲线circular road环路circular test环道试验city road城市道路civil engineering fabric土工织物classified highway等级公路classified road等级道路clay-bound macadam泥结碎石路面clearance净空clearance above bridge floor桥面净空clearance of span桥下净空climatic zoning for highway公路自然区划climbing lane爬坡车道cloverleaf interchange苜蓿叶形立体交叉coal tar煤沥青cobble stone卵石coefficient of scouring冲刷系数cohesive soil粘性土cold laid method冷铺法cold mixing method冷拌法cold-stretched steel bar冷拉钢筋column pier柱式墩combination-type road system混合式道路系统compaction压实compaction test击实试验compaction test apparatus击实仪compactness test压实度试验composite beam bridge联合梁桥composite pipe line综合管道(综合管廊) compound curve复曲线concave vertical curve凹形竖曲线concrete joint cleaner(水泥混凝土)路面清缝机concrete joint sealer(水泥混凝土)路面填缝机concrete mixing plant水泥混凝土(混合料)拌和设备concrete paver水泥混凝土(混合料)摊铺机concrete pump水泥混凝土(混合料)泵concrete saw(水泥混凝土)路面锯缝机cone penetration test触探试验conflict point冲突点conical slope锥坡consistency limit(of soil)(土的)稠度界限consolidated subsoil 加固地基consolidation固结construction by swing转体架桥法construction height of bridge桥梁建筑高度construction joint施工缝construction load施工荷载construction survey施工测量continuous beam bridge连续梁桥contour line等高线contraction joint缩缝control point路线控制点converging合流convex vertical curve凸形竖曲线corduroy road木排道counterfort retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort abutment 扶壁式桥台country road乡村道路county road县公路(县道),乡道creep徐变critical speed临界速度cross roads十字形交叉cross slope横坡cross walk人行横道cross-sectional profile横断面图cross-sectional survey横断面测量crown路拱crushed stone碎石crushing strength压碎值culture地物culvert涵洞curb路缘石curb side strip路侧带curve length曲线长curve widening平曲线加宽curved bridge弯桥cut挖方cut corner for sight line(路口)截角cut-fill transition土方调配cut-fill transition program土方调配图cutting路堑cycle path自行车道cycle track自行车道deceleration lane减速车道deck bridge上承式桥deflection angle偏角deflection test弯沉试验degree of compaction压实度delay延误density of road network道路(网)密度depth of tunnel隧道埋深design elevation of subgrade路基设计高程designfrequency(排水)设计重现期design hourly volume设计小时交通量design of elevation(城市道路)竖向设计design of vertical alignment纵断面设计design speed计算行车速度(设计车速) design traffic capacity设计通行能力design vehicle设计车辆design water level设计水位designed elevation设计高程designed flood frequency设计洪水频率dislicking treatment 防滑处理Deval abrasion testing machine狄法尔磨耗试验机(双筒式磨耗试验机)diamond interchange菱形立体交叉differential photo微分法测图direction angle方向角directional interchange方向式立体交叉diverging分流dowel bar传力杆drain opening泄水口drainage by pumping station(立体交叉)泵站排水drainage ditch排水沟dressed stone料石drop water跌水dry concrete干硬性混凝土ductility(of bitumen)(沥青)延度ductilometer(沥青)延度仪dummy joint假缝dynamic consolidation强夯法economic speed经济车速economical hauling distance土方调配经济运距element support构件支撑elevation高程(标高)embankment路堤emergency parking strip紧急停车带emulsified bitumen乳化沥青erecting by floating浮运架桥法erection by longitudinal pulling method纵向拖拉法erection by protrusion悬臂拼装法erection with cableway缆索吊装法evaporation pond蒸发池expansion bearing活动支座expansive soil膨胀土expansion joint胀缝expressway(城市)快速路external distance外(矢)距fabricated bridge装配式桥fabricated steel bridge装拆式钢桥factories and mines road 厂矿道路factory external transportation line对外道路factory-in road 厂内道路factory-out road厂外道路fast lane内侧车道faulting of slab ends错台feeder highway支线公路ferry渡口fibrous concrete纤维混凝土field of vision视野fill填方filled spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥final survey竣工测量fineness细度fineness modulus细度模数fixed bearing固定支座flare wing wall abutment八字形桥台flared intersection拓宽路口式交叉口flash point闪点flash point tester(open cup method)闪点仪(开口杯式) flexible pavement柔性路面flexible pier柔性墩floor system桥面系flush curb平缘石foot way人道道ford过水路面forest highway林区公路forest road林区道路foundation基础free style road system自由式道路系统free way高速公路free-flow speed自由车速freeze road冻板道路freezing and thawing test冻融试验frost boiling翻浆frozen soil冻土full depth asphalt pavement全厚式沥青(混凝土)路面function planting功能栽植general scour under bridge opening桥下一般冲刷geological section(道路)地质剖面图geotextile土工织物gradation级配gradation of stone(路用)石料等级grade change point变坡点grade compensation纵坡折减grade crossing平面交叉grade length limitation坡长限制grade of side slope边坡坡度grade separation简单立体交叉grade-separated junction立体交叉graded aggregate pavement级配路面grader平地机grain composition颗粒组成granular material粒料gravel砾石gravity pier(abutment)重力式墩、台gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙green belt绿化带gridiron road system棋盘式道路系统ground control-point survey地面控制点测量ground elevation地面高程ground stereophotogrammetry地面立体摄影测量guard post标柱guard rail护栏guard wall护墙gully雨水口gutter街沟(偏沟)gutter apron平石gutter drainage渠道排水half-through bridge中承式桥hard shoulder硬路肩hardening硬化hardness硬度haul road运材道路heavy maintenance大修hectometer stake百米桩hedge绿篱height of cut and fill at center stake中桩填挖高度high strength bolt高强螺栓high type pavement高级路面highway公路highway landscape design公路景观设计hill-side line山坡线(山腰线)hilly terrain重丘区horizontal alignment平面线形horizontal curve平曲线hot laid method热铺法hot mixing method热拌法hot stability(of bitumen)(沥青)热稳性hydraulic computation 水力计算hydraulicity水硬性imaginary intersection point虚交点immersed tunnelling method沉埋法inbound traffic入境交通incremental launching method顶推法industrial district road 工业区道路industrial solid waste(路用)工业废渣industrial waste base course工业废渣基层inlet雨水口inlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert无压力式涵洞inorganic binder无机结合料instrument station测站intensity of rainstorm暴雨强度intercepting ditch截水沟interchange互通式立体交叉interchange with special bicycle track分隔式立体交叉intermediate maintenance中修intermediate type pavement中级路面intersection(平面)交叉口intersection angle交叉角,转角intersection entrance交叉口进口intersection exit交叉口出口intersection plan交叉口平面图intersection point交点intersection with widened corners 加宽转角式交叉口jack-in method顶入法kilometer stone里程碑land slide坍方lane车道lane-width车道宽度lateral clear distance of curve(平曲线)横净距lay-by紧急停车带level of service道路服务水平leveling course整平层leveling survey水准测量light-weight concrete轻质混凝土lighting facilities of road道路照明设施lime pile石灰桩line development展线linking-up road联络线、连接道路liquid asphaltic bitumen液体沥青liquid limit液限living fence绿篱load荷载loading berm反压护道loading combinations荷载组合loading plate承载板loading plate test承载板试验local scour near pier桥墩局部冲刷local traffic境内交通location of line定线location survey定测lock bolt support with shotcrete喷锚支护loess黄土longitudinal beam纵梁longitudinal gradient纵坡longitudinal joint纵缝loop ramp环形匝道Los Angeles abrasion testing machine洛杉面磨耗试验机(搁板式磨耗试验机)low type pavement低级路面main beam主梁main bridge主桥maintenance养护maintenance period大中修周期manhole检查井marginal strip路缘带Marshall stability apparatus马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability test马歇尔试验masonry bridge圬工桥maximum annual hourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum dry unit weight(标准)最大干密度maximum longitudinal gradient最大纵坡mine tunnelling method矿山法mineral aggregate矿料mineral powder矿粉mini-roundabout微形环交minimum height of fill(路基)最小填土高度minimum longitudinal gradient最小纵坡minimum radius of horizontal curve最小平曲线半径minimum turning radius汽车最小转弯半径mixed traffic混合交通mixing method拌和法mixture混合料model split交通方式划分modulus of elasticity弹性模量modulus of resilience回弹模量modulus ratio模量比monthly average daily traffic月平均日交通量motor way高速公路mountainous terrain山岭区movable bridge开启桥mud淤泥multiple-leg intersection多岔交叉national trunk highway国家干线公路(国道) natural asphalt天然沥青natural scour自然演变冲刷natural subsoil天然地基navigable water level通航水位nearside lane外侧车道net-shaped cracking路面网裂New Austrian Tunnelling Method新奥法observation point测点one-way ramp单向匝道open cut method明挖法open cut tunnel明洞open spandrel arch bridge空腹拱桥opencast mine road露天矿山道路operating speed运行速度optimum gradation最佳级配optimum moisture content最佳含水量optimum speed临界速度organic binder有机结合料origin-destination study起迄点调查outbound traffic出境交通outled submerged culvert压力式涵洞outlet inlet main road 城市出入干道overall speed区间速度overlay of pavement罩面overpass grade separation上跨铁路立体交叉overtaking lane超车车道overtaking sight distance超车视距paper location 纸上定线paraffin content test含蜡量试验parent soil原状土parking lane停车车道parking lot停车场parking station公交(车辆)停靠站part-put part-fill subgrade半填半挖式路基pass垭口passing bay错车道patrol maintenance巡回养护paved crossing道口铺面pavement路面pavement depression路面沉陷pavement recapping路面翻修pavement slab pumping路面板唧泥pavement spalling路面碎裂pavement strengthening路面补强pavement structure layer 路面结构层pavemill路面铣削机(刨路机)peak hourly volume高峰小时交通量pedestrian overcrossing 人行天桥pedestrian underpass人行地道penetration macadam with coated chips上拌下贯式(沥青)路面penetration method贯入法penetration test apparatus长杆贯入仪penetration(of bitumen)(沥青)针入度penetrometer(沥青)针入度仪periodical maintenance定期养护permafrost多年冻土permanent load永久荷载perviousness test透水度试验petroleum asphaltic bitumen石油沥青photo index像片索引图(镶辑复照图) photo mosaic像片镶嵌图photogrammetry摄影测量photographic map影像地图pier桥墩pile and plank retaining wall柱板式挡土墙pile bent pier排架桩墩pile driver打桩机pipe culvert管涵pipe drainage管道排水pit test坑探pitching method铺砌法plain stage of slope边坡平台plain terrain平原区plan view(路线)平面图plane design(城市道路)平面设计plane sketch(道路)平面示意图planimetric photo综合法测图plant mixing method厂拌法plastic limit塑限plasticity index塑性指数poisson's ratio泊松比polished stone value石料磨光值pontoon bridge浮桥porosity空隙率portable pendulum tester摆式仪possible traffic capacity可能通行能力post-tensioning method后张法pot holes路面坑槽preliminary survey初测preloading method预压法prestressed concrete预应力混凝土prestressed concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed steel bar drawing jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶pretensioning method先张法prime coat透层productive arterial road生产干线productive branch road生产支线profile design纵断面设计profilometer路面平整度测定仪proportioning of cement concrete水泥混凝土配合比protection forest fire-proof road护林防火道路provincial trunk highway省干线公路(省道) railroad grade crossing(铁路)道口ramp匝道rebound deflection回弹弯沉reclaimed asphalt mixture再生沥青混合料reclaimed bituminous pavement再生沥青路面reconnaissance踏勘red clay红粘土reference stake护桩reflection crack反射裂缝refuge island安全岛regulating structure调治构造物reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete pavement钢筋混凝土路面reinforced earth retaining wall加筋土挡土墙relative moisture content(of soil)(土的)相对含水量relief road辅道residential street居住区道路resultant gradient合成坡度retaining wall挡土墙revelling of pavement路面松散reverse curve反向曲线reverse loop回头曲线ridge crossing line越岭线ridge line山脊线right bridge正交桥right bridge正桥rigid frame bridge刚构桥rigid pavement刚性路面rigid-type base刚性基层ring and radial road system环形辐射式道路系统ripper松土机riprap抛石road道路road alignment道路线形road appearance路容road area per citizen(城市)人均道路面积road area ratio(城市)道路面积率road axis道路轴线road bed路床road bitumen路用沥青road condition路况road condition survey路况调查road crossing(平面)交叉口road crossing design交叉口设计road engineering道路工程road feasibility study(道路工程)可行性研究road improvement 改善工程road intersection道路交叉(路线交叉) road mixing method路拌法road network道路网road network planning道路网规划road planting道路绿化road project(道路工程)方案图road trough路槽road way路幅rock breaker凿岩机rock filled gabion石笼roller压路机rolled cement concrete碾压式水泥混凝土rolling terrain微丘区rotary interchange环形立体交叉rotary intersection环形交叉roundabout环形交叉route development展线route of road道路路线route selection选线routine maintenance小修保养rubble片石running speed行驶速度rural road郊区道路saddle back垭口safety belt安全带safety fence防护栅salty soil盐渍土sand砂sand drain(sand pile)砂井sand gravel砂砾sand hazard沙害sand mat of subgrade排水砂垫层sand patch test铺砂试验sand pile砂桩sand protection facilities防沙设施sand ratio砂率sand sweeping回砂sand sweeping equipment回砂机sandy soil砂性土saturated soil饱和土scraper铲运机seal coat封层secondary trunk road(厂内)次干道,(城市)次干路seepage well渗水井segregation离析semi-rigid type base半刚性基层separate facilities分隔设施separator分隔带sheep-foot roll羊足压路机(羊足碾)shelter belt护路林shield盾构(盾构挖掘机)shield tunnelling method盾构法shoulder路肩shrinkage limit缩限side ditch边沟side slope边坡side walk人行道sieve analysis筛分sight distance视距sight distance of intersection路口视距sight line视线sight triangle视距三角形silty soil粉性土simple supported beam bridge简支梁桥single direction thirsted pier单向推力墩single-size aggregate同粒径集料siphon culvert倒虹涵skew bridge斜交桥skew bridge斜桥skid road集材道路slab bridge板桥slab culvert盖板涵slab staggering错位slide滑坡slope protection护坡slump坍落度snow hazard雪害snow plough除雪机snow protection facilities防雪设施soft ground软弱地基soft soil软土softening point tester(ring ball method)(沥青)软化点仪(环—球法)softening point(of bitumen)(沥青)软化点solubility (of bitumen)(沥青)溶解度space headway车头间距space mean speed空间平均速度span跨径span by span method移动支架逐跨施工法spandrel arch腹拱spandrel structure拱上结构special vehicle特种车辆speed-change lane变速车道splitting test劈裂试验spot speed点速度spreading in layers层铺法springing弹簧现象stabilizer稳定土拌和机stabilized soil base course稳定土基层stage for heaping soiland broken rock碎落台staggered junction错位交叉standard axial loading标准轴截steel bar heading press machine钢筋冷墩机steel bridge钢桥steel extension machine钢筋拉伸机stiffness modulus劲度stone coating test石料裹覆试验stone crusher碎石机stone spreader碎石撒布机stopping sight distance停车视距stopping truck heap(厂矿道路)阻车堤street街道street drainage街道排水street planting街道绿化street trees行道树strengthening layer补强层strengthening of structure加固stringer纵梁striping test for aggregate集料剥落试验structural approach limit of tunnel隧道建筑限界sub-high type pavement次高级路面subgrade路基subgrade drainage路基排水submersible bridge漫水桥subsidence沉陷subsoil地基substucture下部结构superelevation超高superelevation runoff超高缓和段superstructure上部结构supported type abutment支撑式桥台surface course面层surface evenness路面平整度surface frost heave路面冻胀surface permeameter路面透水度测定仪surface roughness路面粗糙度surface slipperinness路面滑溜surface water地表水surface-curvature apparatus路面曲率半径测定仪surrounding rock围岩suspension bridge悬索桥switch-back curve回头曲线T intersection丁字形交叉(T形交叉) T-shaped rigid frame bridge T形刚构桥tack coat粘层tangent length切线长tar焦油沥青technical standard of road道路技术标准Telford锥形块石Telford base(锥形)块石基层terrace台地thermal insulation berm保温护道thermal insulation course 隔温层thirtieth highest annual hourly volume年第30位最大小时交通量through bridge下承式桥through traffic过境交通tie bar拉杆timber bridge木桥time headway车头时距time mean speed时间平均速度toe of slope(边)坡脚tongue and groove joint企口缝top of slope(边)坡顶topographic feature地貌topographic map地形图topographic survey地形测量topography地形township road乡公路(乡道)traffic assignment交通量分配traffic capacity通行能力traffic composition交通组成traffic density交通密度traffic distribution交通分布traffic flow交通流traffic generation交通发生traffic island交通岛traffic mirror道路反光镜traffic planning道路交通规划traffic safety device交通安全设施traffic square交通广场traffic stream车流traffic survey交通调查traffic volume交通量traffic volume observation station交通量观测站traffic volume prognosis交通量预测traffic volume survey交通量调查transition curve缓和曲线transition slab at bridge head桥头搭板transition zone of cross section断面渐变段transition zone of curve widening加宽缓和段transitional gradient缓和坡段transverse beam横梁transverse joint横缝traverse导线traverse survey导线测量trencher挖沟机triaxial test三轴试验trip出行true joint真缝trumpet interchange喇叭形立体交叉trunk highway干线公路truss bridge桁架桥tunnel(道路)隧道tunnel boring machine隧道掘进机tunnel lining衬砌tunnel portal洞门tunnel support隧道支撑turnaround loop回车道,回车场turning point转点two-way curved arch bridge双曲拱桥two-way ramp双向匝道type of dry and damp soil base土基干湿类型U-shaped abutment U形桥台under-ground pipes comprehensive design管线综合设计underground water地下水underground water level地下水位underpass grade separation下穿铁路立体交叉universal photo全能法测图urban road城市道路valley line沿溪线variable load可变荷载vehicle stream车流vehicular gap车(辆)间净距verge路肩vertical alignment纵面线形vertical curb立缘石(侧石)vertical curve竖曲线vertical profile map(路线)纵断面图viameter路面平整度测定仪vibratory roller振动压路机viscosimeter(沥青)粘度仪viscosity(of bitumen)(沥青)粘(滞)度void ratio孔隙比washout水毁waste弃土waste bank弃土堆water cement ratio水灰比water content含水量water level水位water reducing agent减水剂water stability水稳性water-bound macadam水结碎石路面wearing course磨耗层weaving交织weaving point交织点weaving section交织路段wheel tracking test车辙试验width of subgrade路基宽度workability和易性Y intersection Y形交叉。

铁路术语英文

铁路术语英文

A按钮:button矮柱信号机:dwarf signal按钮表示:indication of depressed button安全接点:safe contact安全电路:vital circuit;safety circuitB闭路电路:closed circuit并置信号:double Signal location表示:indication表示灯:indication lamp表示盘:indicating panel表示器:indicator并联条件:parallel requisition平行进路:parallel route车场:yardC车站通过能力:carrying capacity of a station车组(钩车):cut错误锁闭:false locking程序框图:flow chart操纵台:operating console重叠区段:overlap section处理机:processor车站信号:signal at stations出站信号机:starting signal车站咽喉:throat of a station错误开放信号:wrong clearing of a signal错误办理:wrong handling错误显示:wrong indicationD大站继电集中联锁:all relay interlocking for terminal 电路:circuit导通:conduction敌对进路:conflict route敌对信号:conflicting signal渡线:crossover电气集中联锁:electric interlocking电动转辙机:electric switch machine导向安全:failure on the safe side灯丝断丝:filament burn-out第一接近区段:first approach section第一离去区段:first section after the departure地面信号:ground signal;wayside signal动接点:heel contact定位锁闭:locked normal道岔锁闭:locked out switch定位接点:normal contact电源屏:power supply panel到发线:receiving-departure track短路:short circuit调车进路:shunting route调车信号,调车信号机:shunting signal单断:single break单置信号机:single signal location动程:stroke道岔密贴:switch closure道岔控制电路:switch control circuit道岔表示:switch indication道岔区段:switch section道岔启动:switch starting道岔转换:switch TransactionEF分路道岔:branch turnout分割区段:cut-section发车进路:departure route;outgoing route非调车进路:hold route for shunting进站信号机:home signal非集中联锁:interlocking with locally worked points非集中道岔:locally operated switch反位锁闭:locked reverse非联锁区:non-interlocking area非安全电路:non-vital circuit防止重复开放信号:prevention of repetitive clear of a signal 防护道岔:protective turnout反位接点:reverse contact分路:shunt非自复式按钮:stick buttonG轨道电路分割:cut-section of a track circuit股道有效长:effective length of a track故障-安全:fail-safe干扰:interference供电线:power line过程控制:process control关闭信号:put a signal at stop钢轨绝缘::rail insulation轨道电路:track circuit轨道空闲:track clear轨道占用:track occupied轨道区段:track sectionH缓放继电器:slow release relayIJ交流电源屏:AC power supply panel交流轨道电路:AC track circuit挤岔报警:alarm for trailled switch继电集中联锁:all relay interlocking接近表示:approach indication接近锁闭:approach locking接近区段:approach section集中联锁:centralized interlocking集中供电:centralized power supply集中道岔:centralized operated switch接点闭合:contact closed紧急制动:emergency braking警冲标:fouling post尖端杆:front rod绝缘不良:insulation fault接口:interface机械锁闭:mechanical locking极性交叉:polar transposition;staggering polarity 进行信号:proceed signal进路程序控制:programmed route control接受端:receiving end接车信号:receiving signal继电器:relay继电器吸起:relay energize继电器释放:relay release继电器室:relay room解锁:release解锁电路:release circuit进路解锁:releasing of a route进路:route进路锁闭:route locking进路预排:route presetting进路解锁:route release进路一次解锁:route Release at once进路分段解锁:sectional route release尽头信号机:signal for sub-end track咽喉信号机:signal in throat section挤岔:trailing of a switchK开放信号:clear a signal开放信号显示:clear signal indication控制台:control desk;console控制对象:controlled object可靠性:reliability空间间隔制:space-interval system开闭器:switch circuit controllerL联系电路:connecting circuit联锁道岔:interlocked switch联锁:interlocking联锁区:interlocking area联锁设备:interlocking equipment联锁表:interlocking table逻辑电路:logical circuit漏解锁:missing release零层端子:terminals of layer zero of relay racks列车进路:train route列车信号:train signalM命令:command冒进信号:overrun a signalNOP偏极继电器:pole biased relay平行作业:simultaneous workingQ取消进路:cancel a route牵出线:draw-out track前接点:front contact侵入限界绝缘:insulated joints located within the clearence 区间:section;wayside区间占用:section occupiedR熔断器:fuse人机接口:man-machine interface人工解锁:manual release人工分路:manual shuntS事故:accident色灯信号机:colour-light signal死区段:dead section双断:double break设备故障:equipment failure瞬时分路:instantaneous shunt锁闭电路:lock circuit锁闭条件:lock requisition锁闭:locking实时控制:real time control三点检查:released by three sections时序电路:sequential circuit时间间隔制:time-interval system时间继电器:time relay上行方面:up side上行咽喉:up throat上行:up line;up traffic视觉信号:visual signalT铁路运输自动控制:automatic railway control条件电源:conditional power source跳线:jumper透镜式色灯信号机:multiple light signal通路:path铁路信号:railway signaling条件:requisition停车信号:stop signal通过进路:through route通过信号:through signalUVW无岔区段:switchless section违章作业:working against regulationsX小站继电集中联锁:all relay interlocking for waystation 信号机前方:in advance of a signal信号机后方:in rear of a signal信息交换:information exchange吸起时间:pick up time吸起值:pick up value显示距离:range of a signal选路:route selection排列进路:route setting进路信号机:route signal信号显示:signal aspect and indication信号开放:signal at clear信号关闭:signal at stop信号露:signal box信号控制电路:signal control circuit信号机电灯电路:signal lighting circuit信号机调压:voltage regulation of signal lamps小站:waystationY引导信号:calling-onsignal迂回进路:detour route;alternative route预告信号:distant signal;approaching signal硬件:hardware允许信号:permissive signal有极继电器:polarized relay一送多受轨道电路:single feeding and multiple receiving track circuit Z自动选路:automatic routing自动停车:automatic train stop注意信号:caution signal照查锁闭:check locking组合电路:combinational circuit直流电源屏:DC power supply panel直流继电器:DC relay站场型网络:geographical circuitry重力式继电器:gravitation relay专用线:industrial siding正线:main track中途返回:midway return operation最大限制信号:most restrictive自闭电路:stick circuit转辙机:switch machine终端:terminal组合:unit block组合架:unit block assembly rack。

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附录A 外文资料翻译A.1 英文
A.2 译文
使用循环渗透测试评估铁路路基的刚度
西日本旅客铁道
摘要
铁路路基的刚度是保持良好轨道质量的一个重要因素。

这次研究的目的是找出一种快速精确测量铁路路基刚度的方法。

回顾路基上的应力体系和现有的测量方法,本文描述了一种基于评估路基土刚度的加州承载比测试实验模具的新型的循环渗透测试。

测试重现了同级路基土的应力条件。

结果表明永久变形和CBR测试有紧密的联系。

基于这种循环渗透测试的结果,塑料变形时可以预测的,并且路基沉降的预测和实测之间有某种关系。

2002艾斯维尔科学有限公司保留所有权利.
引言
铁路路基必须有适当的弹性变形和一定的拥有变形来够抵抗瞬间变形,这就要求路基有足够高的剪切强度。

因此,一种评估铁路路基的实验方法,就要求能够测量弹性刚度和抵抗永久变形。

试验反过来模拟火车荷载条件,好比正确的加载脉冲,正确的荷载幅度,同样的加载区域和同样的土压力体系,这是很恰当的。

因此,为了正常的测量路基强度而评估荷载条件和应力特征是很有必要的。

各种各样的估计地基应力的理论和经验公式都是可用的,并且地基应力的实地观察也已经被其他研究所完成。

这些被在第二节审查。

1. 路基应力特征
路基上来自列车的压力是轴重和道砟深度的函数。

但是,列车轴重可能是路基影响最大的荷载。

在英国铁道公司标准线上最大轴重被定义为22.5吨。

不同周中的路基应力分布如图1所示,它源于一个简单的弹性理论。

在英国这种关系已经被用来确定道砟深度。

Yoo和Selig,用两个131吨重的四轴道砟铺设车测量动态应力的野外观察值。

典型的结果如图表2。

基于理论计算和现场实测,可以得出直到100Kpa的最大地基应力出现在死机表层。

路基上荷载的频率取决于列车的速度和旅客车厢的长度如下:
F=V/(3.6L)
其中F是路基位移的第一主频率,单位是Hz;V是列车速度,单位是Km/h;如插图3,L是旅客车厢的长度,单位是m。

从图标中可以看出,当列车速度在100-160Km/h并且一节车厢的长度是20m时,频率在1-2Hz之间。

2. 现有的测量方法
各种各样的方法被应用在英国和海外的传统基础设计阶段。

如表1.从荷载机制的角度来看,虽然地基受动荷载支配,但静荷载仍被应用于加利福尼亚轴承比测试和板荷载测试以及压缩测试中。

CBR测试是一个既能在实验室又能在现场都能实现的简单测试,被广泛应用于公路工程。

然而,反复荷载的三轴试验试用于循环荷载,并有能得出弹性模量和剪切强度的优势。

然而,这个试验要在实验室中进行并且很耗时。

每种方法都有自己的判断路基强度的标准,这被看作极限值(测量属性),如图表1.为了相互比较这些表格,所有的极限值都被当作模量形式。

CBR测试的结果用方程转化为模量:E=17.6CBR0.64 .板荷载测试结果用如下关系转化:E=πq|B(1-υ2)/(4s),其中,E---早期模量,q---加在板上的压力,B---圆板的直径,υ---泊松比,S---板的处理。

通过比较这些模量,可以看出地基的临界模量在15-50MN/m2,是很大的一个范围。

除了这些传统的方法以外,一些新的方法正在研究,其中之一就是FWD。

它由机械地提高和下降到钢板上的一套橡胶的重量组成。

通过多达7个径向间距速度传感器来监测和测量力和地表移动。

从这些结果中可以计算出基础层的弹性模量。

这种方法相对于其他方法来说的优势是,它能用于快速评估铁路路基而不需要镇流器开挖,并且它有像评估路面条件时一样的记录。

对这个试验,路基刚度在通过修改CBR试验,和这些铁路路基相同的应力水平条件下被测定出来。

由于被广泛的应用以及容易使用,CBR测试通过了。

3. 循环渗透测试
为了以合理的精度和速度评估铁路路基,设计了一个考虑了荷载频率和路基的应力水平的试验方案。

该方案是依据各地的CBR试验和使用了许多和CBR试验相同仪器的循环渗透试验设计的。

循环渗透测试允许弹性性质和土壤永久变形的测量。

下面描述一个过程。

土壤样品在掺入所需水分之后首先充分混合,然后密封,在放入CBR测试模具之前至少存放24小时。

英国标准1377:第4部分描述了一个2.5公斤土压实的方法,被用于把密实的粘土送入模具。

通过把土壤样本夯实至厚度下降300毫米来把把样本压实成5个平等层。

压实后,土壤在模具中放置24小时以平衡水分含量。

压实后,在土壤表面放置7个金属片作为附加荷载,每个重2千克。

这样,产生大约10千帕的压力。

其中附加荷载是依据镇流器和深度的测量,如表3所示。

如前面所一道的加载在活塞上的正弦荷载由频率为1Hz的三种不同幅度的荷载组成:0.1Kn(50KPa)、0.2Kn(100KPa)、0.3Kn(150KPa),因为路基上的主频率被认为是1-2Hz。

依据路基的理论成果和实地考察,荷载的幅度包含实际路基应力。

循环荷载应用20分钟,因为大部分变形发生在前5分钟里,并且20分钟后在活塞处发生的改变很小。

一套计算机数据采集系统被用于记录每5秒一个的一系列循环数据。

插图4为构成控制和数据采集的电子装置。

插图5显示模型的详细构造。

4. 循环渗透测试的结果
最大活塞载荷0.22KN的伦敦粘土的循环渗透测试中随时间变化的渗透结果和CBR测试结果如图6所示。

每一个点的变形时一个循环中的平均渗透值。

结果表明,CBR值越高,柱塞的渗透越小。

如果CBR值小于4%,渗透变形会有显著地上升。

然而,当CBR值高于4%时,土壤的渗透变形将不会增长,这被认为是区分软土和硬土的强度界限。

这个值被称为极限值。

此值由Esveld认证。

它比英国所用的数值高。

在循环渗透测试中发现,渗透率随时间降低。

换句话说,最初几个荷载产生的渗透变形占总变形的大部分。

牛津粘土和建筑用砂也做过循环渗透测试。

砂子和伦敦粘土的渗透结构是不同的,表现在极限值的不同,如图7.从中发现,例如,如果伦敦砂子的最终渗透值为0.25毫米,那么伦敦砂子的CBR值就是4%。

在同样的渗透率(0.25毫米),伦敦砂子和建筑用砂的CBR值分别为5%(类似于伦敦粘土)和20%。

因此,粘土的极限值大约是4%。

5. 含水量的影响
含水量和活塞的最终渗透之间的关系如图8所示。

为了比较牛津粘土、伦敦砂子、和建筑用砂这三种土,含水量和渗透值被规范化的计算按下式;
规范化含水量=含水量/最佳含水量;
规范化渗透值=渗透值/最佳含水量下的渗透值。

可以发现,根据土壤类型,规范化的含水量从1.1-1.4增长的过程中,渗透值由突然地增长。

规范化的含水量被称为迹象含水量。

土壤颗粒越细,含水量就越高。

结果表明,当路基含水量超过其极限含水量时,很容易产生路基问题。

据报道,当土壤含水量接近极限值时,土壤的塑性变形就特别容易发生。

因此,可以认为土壤的规范含水量达到1.4就几乎饱和了。

因此,路基排水对保持路基有足够刚度具有重要作用。

把塑性指数和临界含水量联系起来是很有用的。

塑性指数和临街含水量之间有很好的联系,如图9所示。

规范化的临界含水量定义为极限含水量与最佳含水量的比值。

最佳含水量由一个符合BS1377的用2.5千克落锤的标准压实方法测得。

可以看出,塑性指数高和极限含水量是有联系的。

可以看出,高的塑性指数和含水量极限值是有紧密关心的。

这意味着含水量极限值可以通过测量土壤塑形指数和指定活塞压力值来测定。

如果路基土壤的含水量比从塑性指数得到的含水量极限预测值高,路基就很有可能有很大的沉降。

由于只有牛津粘土和伦敦粘土进行了检测,所以这种关系是暂定的。

因此其他类型土壤的塑性指数和含水量极限值的深入研究是很有必要的。

6. 循环渗透测试的预测模型
使用分析模型预测的累积塑性变形对试验数据的分析是有帮助的。

CBR活塞压力和荷载重复的次数对累积塑形变形有着显著影响。

模型中需包含这些参数。

各种各样的模型被用于土壤塑形变形的预测,然而,主要用动力模型
ρCPT=AN b(2)
其中,ρCPT----累积的塑性变形;
A----材料参数;
N----荷载重复次数;
b----材料参数;
材料参数A可以解释为首次加载(N=1)时的塑性变形。

它受土壤类型、物理状态和应力状态。

材料参数b表示循环荷载下塑性变形的累积率。

这个参数越大,塑性变形累积率越高。

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