最新大学英语四级信息匹配练习题(二)
大学英语四级信息匹配
大学英语四、六级考试信息匹配题阅读训练Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraph. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage 1Surviving the RecessionA)America’s recession began quietly at the end of 2007. Since then it has evolvedinto a global crisis. Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame.Financiers who were not as clever as they thought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work? Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicians who thoughtlessly promoted home-ownership for those who could not afford it? All are guilt; and what a mess they have created.B)Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs. More than 15% of the workforce arejobless or underemployed—roughly 25 million workers. The only industries swelling their payrolls are health care, utilities and the federal government. The value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its peak in October 2007 to a low in March this year, though it has since bounded back somewhat. Industrial production fell by 12.8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World War. Mark Zandi, an economist at Moody’s Economy., predicts that the recession will shrink America’s economy by 3.5% in total. “For most executives, this is the worst business environment they’ve ever seen.”C)Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts. Median （中位数的）payfor chief executives of S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008. The overthrown business giants of Wall Street took the biggest knock, with average pay cuts of 38% and median bonuses of zero. But there was some pain for everyone: median pay for chief executives of non-financial firms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%.D)Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell. For example, Arne Sorenson, thepresident of Marriott hotel, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after September 11th, 2001. When the twin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling. Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues per room falling by 25%. This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is “putting the same numbers on the board”, says Mr. Sorenson.E)Other industries have suffered even more. Large numbers of builders, propertyfirms and retailers have gone bankrupt. And a disaster has hit Detroit. Last year the American car industry had the capacity to make 17 million vehicles. Sales in 2009 could be barely half of that. The Big Three American carmakers—General Motors, Ford and Chrysler—accumulated ruinous costs over the post-war years, such as gold-plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as48. All three are desperately restructuring. Only Ford may survive in its currentform.F)Hard times breed hard feeling. Few Americans understand what caused therecession. Some are seeking scapegoats （替罪羊）. Politicians are happy to take advantage. Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scolded on live television. The president condemns their greed.G)Business folks are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant.Meetings at resorts are suddenly unacceptable. Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at the last minute and rebooked it in San Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun.H)Anyway, the pain will eventually end. American business will regain its shine.Many firms will die, but the survivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before.The financial sector’s share of the economy will shrink, and stay shrunk for years to come. The importance of non-financial firms will accordingly rise, along with their ability to attract the best talent. America will remain the best place on earth to do business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the temptation to interfere too much, and so long as organized labors does not overplay its hand.I)Mr. Obama’s plan to curb carbon dioxide emissions （排放）, though necessary,will be far from cost-free, whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest. The shift to a low-carbon economy will help some firms, hurt others and require every organization that uses much energy to rethink how it operates. It is harder to predict how Mr. Obama’s proposed reforms to the failing health-care system will turn out. If he succeeds in curbing costs—a big if—it would be a huge gain for America. Some business will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be captured by workers, not their employers.J)In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, careful of debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what customers want. They will include plenty of names no one has yet heard of. K)Times change, and corporations change with them. In 1955 Time’s Man of the Year was Harlow Curtice, the boss of GM. His firm was leading America towards “a new economic order”, the magazine wrote. Thanks to men like Curtice, “the bonds of scarcity” had been broken and America was rolling “to an all-time high of prosperity”. Soon, Americans would need to spend “comparatively little time earning a living”.L)Half a century later GM is a typical example for poor management. In March its chief executive was fired by Time’s current Man of the Year, Mr. Obama. The government now backs up the domestic car industry, lending it money and overseeing its turnaround plans. With luck, this will be short-lived. But there is a danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other parts of the economy. And clever as Mr. Obama’s advisers are, history suggests they will be bad at this.1.The America’s recession affected the hotel industry as badly as the 9/11 terroristattack.2.Businessmen are trying to avoid seeming wasteful in response to the recession.3.In the near future, a thriving business will go with cautious management tactics.4.Much doubt remains whether the Obama administration will do well inmicromanaging the America’s economy.5. A combination of causes is responsible for the current American recession, whichbegan in 2007.6.The government is not supposed to interfere too much in American businesses.7.The big Three American carmakers need restructuring to survive due to theiraccumulation of the ruinous costs over the post-war years.8.In March, GM”s chief executive was fired by Obama for poor management.9.According to the author, Obama’s plan to limit carbon dioxide emissions will byno means be inexpensive.10.At the worst time, the total value of listed shares in American firms shrank byfifty-seven percent.(D G J L A H E L I B)Passage twoSmall schools RisingA)This year’s list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, those with fewerstudents are flourishing.B)Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern,suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers （二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人）came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies（官僚机构）,the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students. SAT scores began dropping in 1963;today, on average, 30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary (and some middle) schools, high schools for a variety of reason seemed to have made little progress.C)Size isn’t everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeablecountertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due, in part, to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1000 small schools—most of them with about 400 kids each, with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade. About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the county are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schools and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and theScience and Engineering Magnet, with 383, which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery（抽签）, such as H.B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.D)Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif., is one of those, ranking No. 423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek’s annual ranking of America’s top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.E)Although many of Hillsdale’s students came from wealthy households, by the late1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname “Hillsjail”. Jeff Gibert, a Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, “How did that student graduated?”F)So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three “houses”, romantically namedFlorence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly assigned to one of the houses, where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of “advisory” classes. Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students’success. “We’re constantly talking about one another’s advisers,”says English teacher Chris Crockett. “If you hear that yours isn’t doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean’s office, it’s like a personal failure.” Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95. “It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics,”says Gilbert. “Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them.” But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.G)The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in years past,according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams.Over the years the system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity.But that is also its strength: it’s easy for readers to understand, and to do thearithmetic for their own schools if they’d like.H)Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38superintendents（地区教育主管）from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation. “It is impossible to know which high schools are ‘the best’ in the nation,” their letter read, in part. “Determining whether different schools do or don’t offer a high quality of education requires a look at many different measures, including students’overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities.”I)In the end the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought, which is,after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here; we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to make tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won’t be necessary.1.In practical use, simplicity is still considered a strength of Newsweek’s schoolranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.2.As a result setting up big schools, students’ performance declined.3.Newsweek ranked high schools according to their college-level test participation.4.Half a century ago, big, modern, suburban high schools were established to ensureefficient education for baby boomers.5.It is agreed that qualified teachers, better services and encouragement are keys toreaching the ultimate goal of school education.6.The most noticeable trend in high school education is the splitting of large schoolsinto smaller ones.7.It is still unknown whether smaller schools will be a solution to all educationalproblems.8.High schools funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation are small in size.9.Different measures should be used in assessing the quality of school education.10.The “advisory”classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could maintaincloser relationship with their teachers.(G B D B I C F C H F)Passage 3.HighwaysA)Early in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U.S. were made ofdirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate（容纳）automobiles.B)With the increase in auto production, private turnpike（收费公路）companiesunder local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage.Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I. roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. army’s first transcontinental motor convoy（车队）, he noted: “The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.”C)It would take another war before the federal government would act on a nationalhighway system. During World War II, a tremendous increase in trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen percent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33920 miles, and congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria.D)The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailedas one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44000-mile web of highways, bridges, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America.E)Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs inLouisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHeny in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nation’s physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.F)Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. with Canada andMexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half of all other U.S.roads (.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 per 100 million on all other roads).G)By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumergoods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country,spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in term of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.H)The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation’s economicgrowth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent the nation’s freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the America economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.I)By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads,residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles.The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: “Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear—United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.”1.Many of the problems presented by the country’s geographical features foundsolutions in innovative engineering projects.2. A century ago, there were almost no national standards for paved roads in the U.S.3.The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition of his visionand leadership.4.General Eisenhower felt that the broad motorways made more sense than thetwo-lane highways of America.5.It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build anational highway system.6.Under safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is much lowerthan that of other American roads.7.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than seventy-five percent of thefreight in U.S.8.Thanks to the highways, American people can go anywhere they like around thecountry.9.To a certain extent, the development of interstate highway system in America haspromoted the nation’s economic growth.10.In terms of highway construction, the whole world was influenced by the U.S.(D B I B D F H G H E)Passage 4The MagicianThe revolution that Steve Jobs led is only just beginningA)When it came to putting on a show, nobody else in the computer industry, or anyother industry for that matter, could match Steve Jobs. His product launches, at which he would stand alone on a black stage and produce as if by magic an “incredible” new electronic gadget （小器具）in front of an amazed crowd, were the performances of a master showman. All computers do is fetch and work with numbers, he once explained, but do it fast enough and “the results appear to be magic”. Mr. Jobs, who died recently aged 56, spent his life packaging the magic into elegantly designed, easy-to-use products.B)The reaction to his death, with people leaving candles and flowers outside Applestores and politicians singing praises on the internet, is proof that Mr. Jobs had become something much more significant than just a clever money-maker. He stood out in three ways—as a technologist, as a corporate leader and as somebody who was able to make people love what had previously been impersonal, functional gadgets. Strangely, it is this last quality that may have the deepest effect on the way people live. The era of personal technology is in many ways just beginning.C)As a technologist, Mr. Jobs was different because he was not an engineer—andthat was his great strength. Instead he was keenly interested in product design and aesthetics（美学）, and in making advanced technology simple to use. He repeatedly took an existing but half-formed idea—the mouse-driven computer, the digital music player, the smartphone, the tablet computer（平板电脑）—and showed the rest of the industry how to do it properly. Rival firms competed with each other to follow where he led. In the process he brought about great changes in computing, music, telecoms and the news business that were painful for existing firms but welcomed by millions of consumers.D)Within the wider business world, a man who liked to see himself as a hippy,permanently in revolt against big companies, ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time. That was partly due to his talents: showmanship, strategic vision, an astonishing attention to detail and a dictatorial management style which many bosses must have envied.But most of all it was the extraordinary trajectory（轨迹）of his life. His fall from grace in the 1980s, followed by his return to Apple in 1996 after a period in the wilderness, is an inspiration to any businessperson whose career has taken a turn for the worse. The way in which Mr. Jobs revived the failing company he had co-founded and turned it into the world’s biggest tech firm (bigger even than Bill Gate’s Microsoft, the company that had outsmarted Apple so dramatically in the 1980s), sounds like something from a Hollywood movie.E)But what was perhaps most astonishing about Mr. Jobs was the absolute loyalty hemanaged to inspire in customers. Many Apple users feel themselves to be part of a community, with Mr. Jobs as its leader. And there was indeed a personal link.Apple’s products were designed to accord with the boss’s taste and to meet his extremely high standards. Every iPhone or MacBook has his fingerprints all over it. His great achievement was to combine an emotional spark with computer technology, and make the resulting product feel personal. And that is what put Mr.Jobs on the right side of history, as technological innovation has moved into consumer electronics over the past decade.F)As our special report in this issue (printed before Mr. Job s’s death) explains,innovation used to spill over from military and corporate laboratories to the consumer market, but lately this process has gone into reverse. Many people’s homes now have more powerful, and more flexible, devices than their offices do;consumer gadgets and online services are smarter and easier to use than most companies’ systems. Familiar consumer products are being adopted by businesses, government and the armed forces. Companies are employing in-house versions of Facebook and creating their own “app stores” to deliver software to employees.Doctors use tablet computers for their work in hospitals. Meanwhile, the number of consumers hungry for such gadgets continues to swell. Apple’s products are now being snapped up in Delhi and Dalian just as in Dublin and Dallas.G)Mr. Jobs had a reputation as a control freak（怪人）, and his critics complained thatthe products and systems he designed were closed and inflexible, in the name of greater ease of use. Yet he also empowered millions of people by giving them access to cutting-edge technology. His insistence on putting users first, and focusing on elegance and simplicity, has become deep-rooted in his own company, and is spreading to rival firms too. It is no longer just at Apple that designers ask: “What would Steve Jobs do?”H)The gap between Apple and other tech firms is only likely to narrow. This week’sannouncement of a new iPhone by a management team led by Tim Cook, who replaced Mr. Jobs as chief executive in August, was generally regarded as competent but uninspiring. Without Mr. Jobs to shower his star dust on the event, it felt like just another product launch from just another technology firm. At the recent unveiling of a tablet computer by Jeff Bezos of Amazon, whose company is doing the best job of following Apple’s lead in combining hardware, software, content and services in an easy-to-use bundle, there were several attacks at Apple.But by doing his best to imitate Mr. Jobs, Mr. Bezos also flattered him. With Mr.Jobs gone, Apple is just one of many technology firms trying to arouse his uncontrollable spirit in new products.I)Mr. Jobs was said by an engineer in the early years of Apple to emit a “realitydistortion（扭曲）field”, such were his powers of persuasion. But in the end he created a reality of his own, channeling the magic of computing into products that reshaped entire industries. The man who said in his youth that he wanted to “put a ding in the universe” did just that.1.Steve Jobs was obsessed with elegant and user-friendly gadgets, which was hisgreat strength.2.In spite of the user-friendliness of Apple products, critics complained that theywere closed and inflexible.3.Steve Jobs fulfilled his promise and had succeeded in redefining the products incomputer industries.4.Steve Jobs started the era of personal technology, which has a profound impact onpeople’s way of life.5.Steve Jobs was thought highly of by leaders of many large companies for hisachievements and personal charm.6.Integrating the easy-to-use elements to the utmost, Amazon has become the bestApple follower many technology firms.7.Apple’s products are very popular in many industries and places, bringing muchcomfort and convenience to people’s life and work.8.No one can be compared with Steve Jobs in showmanship in the computerindustry or any other related industries.9.Having so many faithful users was the most amazing part of Steve Job s’ success.10.For those who have suffered failures in business, Steve Jobs’life experienceserves as an inspiration.(C G I B D H F A E D)Passage 5Should Sugar Be Regulated like Alcohol and Tobacco?A)Sugar poses enough health risks that it should be considered a controlledsubstance just like alcohol and tobacco, argue a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). In an opinion piece called “The Toxic Truth About Sugar”published Feb. 1 in Nature, Robert Lustig, Laura Schmidt and Claire Brindis argue that it’s wrong to consider sugar just “empty calories.”They write: “There is nothing empty about these calories. A growing body of scientific evidence is showing that fructose（果糖）can trigger processes that lead to liver toxicity and a host of other chronic diseases. A little is not a problem, but a lot kills—slowly.”B)Almost everyone’s heard of—or personally experienced—the well-known sugarhigh, so perhaps the comparison between sugar and alcohol or tobacco shouldn’t come as a surprise. But it’s doubtful that Americans will look favorably upon regulating their favorite vice. We’re a nation that’s sweet on sugar: the average U.S. adult downs 22 teaspoons of sugar a day, according to the American Heart Association, and surveys have found that teens swallow 34 teaspoons.C)To counter our consumption, the authors advocate taxing sugary foods andcontrolling sales to kids under 17. Already, 17% of U.S. children and teens are obese（肥胖的）, and across the world the sugar intake has increased three times in the past 50 years. The increase has helped create a global obesity plague that contributes to 35 million annual deaths worldwide from noninfectious diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes. Linda Matzigkeit, a senior vice president at Children’s Healthcare, said “We have to do something about this or our country is in danger. It’s not good if your state has the second-highest obesity rate. Obese children turn into obese adults.”D)“There are good calories and bad calories, just as there are good fats and bad fats,good amino acids（氨基酸）and bad amino acids,” Lustig, director of the Weight Assessment for Teen and Child Health program at UCSF, said in a statement. “But。
英语四级阅读信息匹配精选训练
英语四级阅读信息匹配精选训练四级阅读信息匹配精选训练一：A)Youre driving your car home from work or sch001.And something goes wron9.The engine stalls out at lights，holds back as you go to pass.It needs a tune up and soon.Where do you go? The library.You can take out an auto repair manual that tells step by step how to tune up your make and model.Or your tennis game has fallen off.Youve lost your touch at the net.Where do you go? The library for a few books on improving your tennis form.B)“The library!”you say.“Thats where my teacher sends me to dough homework."Unfortunately, Ive found thats exactly the way many people feel.If youre among them.youre denying yourself the easiest way to improve yourself, enjoy yourself and even cope with life.My first suggestion for making the most of your library is to do what I did，read and read and read.For pleasure——and for understanding.C)If its TV that keeps you from cultivating this delicious habit，I can offer a sure remedy.Take home from the library a stack of books that might look interestin9.Pile them on the TV set.Next time you are tempted to turn on a program you really dont want to see，reach for a book instead.D)Over the years，people collect a mental list of books they mean to read.If you dont have such a list，here is the suggestion.Take from the library some of the books you might have enjoyed dramatized on TV, like Remargues All Quiet on the Western Front，Clavells Shegun，Tolkiens TheHobbit，or Victor Hugos Les Mise Rables.If you like what you read、you can follow up with other satisfying books by the same authors.E)Some people in their reading limit themselves to current talked —about best sellers.Oh，what they miss! The library is full of yesterdays best sellers;and they still make compelling reading today. Some that Ive enjoyed：A.B.Guthries The Big Sky，Carl Van Dorens Benjamin Franklin，Mari Sandozs.Old Jules，and Norman Mailers The Naked and the Dead.F) How do you find these or any other books youre looking for? Its easy—with the card catalog. Every time I go to the library——and I go more than once a week——I invariably make a beeline to the card catalog before anything else.Its the nucleus of any public library.The card catalog lists every book in the library by：1.author;2.title;3.subject.Lets pick an interesting subject to look up.I have always been fascinated by astronomy.Youll be surprised at the wealth of material you will find under “a strong my” to draw upon.And the absorbing books you didnt know existed on it.CAUTION：Always have a pencil and paper when you use the card catal09.G) Once you jot down the numbers of the books you are interested in，you are ready to find them on the shelves.Libraries call the shelves “the stacks”.In many smaller libraries，which youll be using，the stacks will be open for you to browse.To me there is a special thrill in tracking down the books I want in the stacks !For invariably,I find books about which I knew nothin9，and these often turn out to be the very ones l need.You will find the same thing happening to you when you start to browse in the stacks.“A learned mind is the end product of browsing.”CAUTION：If you take a book from the stack s to your work desk，do not try to return it to its proper place.Thats work for the experts.If you replace it incorrectly, the next seeker wont be able to find it.H)Some of the brightest and rmed men and women in America are the librarians who specialize in providing reference help.Introduce yourself State your problem.And be amazed at how much he p you will receive.CAUTION：Dont waste the time of this expert by asking silly questions you ought to solve yourself.Save the reference librarian for the really big ones.I) You shot：ld also learn to use the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature.This green—bound index is me of the most useful items in any library.It indexes all the articles in the major magazines，including newspaper magazine supplements.Thus it provides a guide to the very latest expert information of any subject that interests you.So if you want to do a really first—class job，find out which magazines your library subscribes to，then consult the Readers Guide and track down recent articles on your subject.When you use this wonderful tool effectively, you show the mark of a real scholar.J) Since you can take most books home，but not magazines，take full notes when using the latter. Many libraries today provide a reprographic machine that can quickly copy pages you need from magazines and books.Ask about it：If you are working on a project of some size which will require repeated library visits，keep a small notebook in which you record the identification numbers of the books you will be using frequently.This will save you valuable time，because you wont have to consult the card catalog or search aimlessly through the stacks each time you visit for materialyou seek.Sol fie of the very best books in any library are the reference books，which may not be taken home.Learn what topics they cover and how best to use them，for these books are wonderful repositories (储藏室、资料库)of human knowledge.K) Your library can give you help on any subject.It can even be your business and legal advisor.How many times have you scratched your head over how to get a tax rebate(折扣)on your summer job? You，11 find guides to that.Want to defend yourself in traffic coup? Find out how in legal books at the library.L) Library Projects Can Be Fun and Rewardin9.Here are a few ideas：1.What are your roots? Trace your ancestors.Many libraries specialize in genealogy.2.Did George Washington sleep nearby? Or Billy the Kid? Your librarys collection of local history books can put you on the trail.3.Cook a Polynesian feast.Or an ancient Roman banquet.Read how in the librarys cook books.4.Take up photography.Check the library for consumer reviews of cameras before you buy.Take out books on lightin9，composition，or darkroom techniques or—you name it!M)If you haven，t detected by now my enthusiasm for libraries，let me offer two personal notes.Im particularly pleased that in recent years two beautiful libraries have been named after me：a small community library in Quakertown，Pennsylvania，and the huge research library located at the University of Northern Colorado in Greeley.And I like libraries so much that I married a librarian.46.The nucleus of any public library is the car，d catalog.47.Yesterdays best sellers are still good for readin9，which shouldnt be overlooked.48.The author suggests that people should go to the library for answers when things go wrong49.The Reader，s Guide is a green—bound index which provides a guide to very latest expert information of any subject that interests readers.50.The sure remedy to kick the TV habit is to take home from the library interesting books to read.51.There are various kinds of fun and rewarding projects available in different libraries.52.A notebook will help readers to record the identification numbers of the frequently used books which cant be taken home.53.Readers should not try to return the book taken from the stacks to their desk to its proper place.54.When asking for help，readers are suggested not asking the reference librarians silly questions they ought to solve themselves.55.When asking for help，readers are suggested not asking the reference librarians silly questions they ought to solve themselves.46.The nucleus of any public library is the card catalog.任何公共图书馆的核心都是卡片目录。
大学英语四级信息匹配
大学英语四、六级考试信息匹配题阅读训练Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraph. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage 1Surviving the RecessionA)America’s recession began quietly at the end of 2007. Since then ithas evolved into a global crisis. Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame. Financiers who were not as clever as they thought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work? Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicians who thoughtlessly promoted home-ownership for those who could not afford it? All are guilt; and what a mess they have created.B)Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs. More than 15% of theworkforce are jobless or underemployed—roughly 25 million workers.The only industries swelling their payrolls are health care, utilities andthe federal government. The value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its peak in October 2007 to a low in March this year, though it has since bounded back somewhat. Industrial production fell by 12.8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World War. Mark Zandi, an economist at Moody’s Economy., predicts that the recession will shrink America’s economy by 3.5% in total. “For most executives, this is the worst business environment they’ve ever seen.”C)Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts. Median （中位数的）pay for chief executives of S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008. The overthrown business giants of Wall Street took the biggest knock, with average pay cuts of 38% and median bonuses of zero.But there was some pain for everyone: median pay for chief executives of non-financial firms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%.D)Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell. For example, ArneSorenson, the president of Marriott hotel, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after September 11th, 2001. When the twin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling. Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues per room falling by 25%. This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is “putting the same numbers on the board”, says Mr. Sorenson.E)Other industries have suffered even more. Large numbers of builders,property firms and retailers have gone bankrupt. And a disaster has hit Detroit. Last year the American car industry had the capacity to make 17 million vehicles. Sales in 2009 could be barely half of that.The Big Three American carmakers—General Motors, Ford and Chrysler—accumulated ruinous costs over the post-war years, such as gold-plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as 48. All three are desperately restructuring. Only Ford may survive in its current form.F)Hard times breed hard feeling. Few Americans understand whatcaused the recession. Some are seeking scapegoats （替罪羊）.Politicians are happy to take advantage. Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scolded on live television. The president condemns their greed.G)Business folks are bending over backwards to avoid seemingextravagant. Meetings at resorts are suddenly unacceptable.Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at the last minute and rebooked it in San Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun.H)Anyway, the pain will eventually end. American business will regainits shine. Many firms will die, but the survivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before. The financial sector’s share of the economy will shrink, and stay shrunk for years to come. The importance ofnon-financial firms will accordingly rise, along with their ability to attract the best talent. America will remain the best place on earth to do business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the temptation to interfere too much, and so long as organized labors does not overplay its hand.I)Mr. Obama’s plan to curb carbon dioxide emissions （排放）, thoughnecessary, will be far from cost-free, whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest. The shift to a low-carbon economy will help some firms, hurt others and require every organization that uses much energy to rethink how it operates. It is harder to predict how Mr. Obama’s proposed reforms to the failing health-care system will turn out. If he succeeds in curbing costs—a big if—it would be a huge gain for America. Some business will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be captured by workers, not their employers.J)In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, careful of debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what customers want. They will include plenty of names no one has yet heard of.K)Times change, and corporations change with them. In 1955 Time’s Man of the Year was Harlow Curtice, the boss of GM. His firm was leading America towards “a new economic order”, the magazine wrote. Thanks to men like Curtice, “the bonds of scarcity”hadbeen broken and America was rolling “to an all-time high of prosperity”. Soon, Americans would need to spend “comparatively little time earning a living”.L)Half a century later GM is a typical example for poor management.In March its chief executive was fired by Time’s current Man of the Year, Mr. Obama. The government now backs up the domestic car industry, lending it money and overseeing its turnaround plans. With luck, this will be short-lived. But there is a danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other parts of the economy. And clever as Mr. Obama’s advisers are, history suggests they will be bad at this.1.The America’s recession affected the hotel industry as badly as the9/11 terrorist attack.2.Businessmen are trying to avoid seeming wasteful in response to therecession.3.In the near future, a thriving business will go with cautiousmanagement tactics.4.Much doubt remains whether the Obama administration will do wellin micromanaging the America’s economy.5. A combination of causes is responsible for the current Americanrecession, which began in 2007.6.The government is not supposed to interfere too much in Americanbusinesses.7.The big Three American carmakers need restructuring to survive dueto their accumulation of the ruinous costs over the post-war years. 8.In March, GM”s chief executive was fired by Obama for poormanagement.9.According to the author, Obama’s plan to limit carbon dioxideemissions will by no means be inexpensive.10.At the worst time, the total value of listed shares in American firmsshrank by fifty-seven percent.(D G J L A H E L I B)Passage twoSmall schools RisingA)This year’s list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, thosewith fewer students are flourishing.B)Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big,modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers（二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人）came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams.Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies（官僚机构）,the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students. SAT scores began dropping in 1963; today, on average, 30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary (and some middle) schools, high schools for a variety of reason seemed to have made little progress.C)Size isn’t everything, but it does matter, and the past decade hasseen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due, in part, to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1000 small schools—most of them with about 400 kids each, with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade. About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the county are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schools and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and theScience and Engineering Magnet, with 383, which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery（抽签）, such asH.B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there isthe phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.D)Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif., is one of those, ranking No.423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek’s annual ranking of America’s top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.E)Although many of Hillsdale’s students came from wealthyhouseholds, by the late 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname “Hillsjail”. Jeff Gibert, a Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sittingwith other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, “How did that student graduated?”F)So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three “houses”, romanticallynamed Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly assigned to one of the houses, where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of “advisory”classes. Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students’success. “We’re constantly talking about one another’s advisers,” says English teacher Chris Crockett.“If you hear that yours isn’t doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean’s office, it’s like a personal failure.” Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95.“It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics,” says Gilbert. “Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and carefor them.” But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.G)The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as inyears past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years the system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it’s easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they’d like.H)Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38superintendents（地区教育主管）from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation. “It is impossible to know which high schools are ‘the best’ in the nation,” their letter read, in part. “Determining whether different schools do or don’t offer a high quality of education requires a look at many different measures, including students’overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities.”I)In the end the superintendents agreed to provide the data wesought, which is, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here; we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouragingstudents to make tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won’t be necessary.1.In practical use, simplicity is still considered a strength ofNewsweek’s school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.2.As a result setting up big schools, students’ performance declined.3.Newsweek ranked high schools according to their college-level testparticipation.4.Half a century ago, big, modern, suburban high schools wereestablished to ensure efficient education for baby boomers.5.It is agreed that qualified teachers, better services andencouragement are keys to reaching the ultimate goal of school education.6.The most noticeable trend in high school education is the splitting oflarge schools into smaller ones.7.It is still unknown whether smaller schools will be a solution to alleducational problems.8.High schools funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation aresmall in size.9.Different measures should be used in assessing the quality of schooleducation.10.The “advisory”classes at Hillsdale were set up so that studentscould maintain closer relationship with their teachers.(G B D B I C F C H F)Passage 3.HighwaysA)Early in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U.S. weremade of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate（容纳）automobiles.B)With the increase in auto production, private turnpike（收费公路）companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage.Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I. roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. army’s first transcontinental motor convoy（车队）, he noted: “The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.”C)It would take another war before the federal government would acton a national highway system. During World War II, a tremendous increase in trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense effort.Thirteen percent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33920 miles, and congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria.D)The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and hasbeen hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44000-mile web of highways, bridges, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic features of thecountry: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem.Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America.E)Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such asHale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHeny in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nation’s physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.F)Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. withCanada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access.The death rate on highways is half of all other U.S. roads (.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 per 100 million onall other roads).G)By opening the North American continent, highways have enabledconsumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in term of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.H)The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation’seconomic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than75 percent the nation’s freight deliveries arrive by truck; and mostproducts that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the America economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.I)By the end of the century there was an immense network of pavedroads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: “Together, the united forces of our communicationand transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear—United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.”1.Many of the problems presented by the country’s geographicalfeatures found solutions in innovative engineering projects.2. A century ago, there were almost no national standards for pavedroads in the U.S.3.The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognitionof his vision and leadership.4.General Eisenhower felt that the broad motorways made moresense than the two-lane highways of America.5.It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took actionto build a national highway system.6.Under safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways ismuch lower than that of other American roads.7.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than seventy-fivepercent of the freight in U.S.8.Thanks to the highways, American people can go anywhere theylike around the country.9.To a certain extent, the development of interstate highway system inAmerica has promoted the nation’s economic growth.10.In terms of highway construction, the whole world was influenced bythe U.S.(D B I B D F H G H E)Passage 4The MagicianThe revolution that Steve Jobs led is only just beginningA)When it came to putting on a show, nobody else in the computerindustry, or any other industry for that matter, could match Steve Jobs. His product launches, at which he would stand alone on a black stage and produce as if by magic an “incredible”new electronic gadget （小器具）in front of an amazed crowd, were the performances of a master showman. All computers do is fetch and work with numbers, he once explained, but do it fast enough and “the results appear to be magic”. Mr. Jobs, who died recently aged 56, spent his life packaging the magic into elegantly designed, easy-to-use products.B)The reaction to his death, with people leaving candles and flowersoutside Apple stores and politicians singing praises on the internet, is proof that Mr. Jobs had become something much more significant than just a clever money-maker. He stood out in three ways—as atechnologist, as a corporate leader and as somebody who was able to make people love what had previously been impersonal, functional gadgets. Strangely, it is this last quality that may have the deepest effect on the way people live. The era of personal technology is in many ways just beginning.C)As a technologist, Mr. Jobs was different because he was not anengineer—and that was his great strength. Instead he was keenly interested in product design and aesthetics（美学）, and in making advanced technology simple to use. He repeatedly took an existing but half-formed idea—the mouse-driven computer, the digital music player, the smartphone, the tablet computer（平板电脑）—and showed the rest of the industry how to do it properly. Rival firms competed with each other to follow where he led. In the process he brought about great changes in computing, music, telecoms and the news business that were painful for existing firms but welcomed by millions of consumers.D)Within the wider business world, a man who liked to see himself as ahippy, permanently in revolt against big companies, ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time. That was partly due to his talents: showmanship, strategic vision, an astonishing attention to detail and a dictatorial management style which many bosses musthave envied. But most of all it was the extraordinary trajectory（轨迹）of his life. His fall from grace in the 1980s, followed by his return to Apple in 1996 after a period in the wilderness, is an inspiration to any businessperson whose career has taken a turn for the worse. The way in which Mr. Jobs revived the failing company he had co-founded and turned it into the world’s biggest tech firm (bigger even than Bill Gate’s Microsoft, the company that had outsmarted Apple so dramatically in the 1980s), sounds like something from a Hollywood movie.E)But what was perhaps most astonishing about Mr. Jobs was theabsolute loyalty he managed to inspire in customers. Many Apple users feel themselves to be part of a community, with Mr. Jobs as its leader. And there was indeed a personal link. Apple’s products were designed to accord with the boss’s taste and to meet his extremely high standards. Every iPhone or MacBook has his fingerprints all over it. His great achievement was to combine an emotional spark with computer technology, and make the resulting product feel personal. And that is what put Mr. Jobs on the right side of history, as technological innovation has moved into consumer electronics over the past decade.F)As our special report in this issue (printed before Mr. Job s’s death)explains, innovation used to spill over from military and corporatelaboratories to the consumer market, but lately this process has gone into reverse. Many people’s homes now have more powerful, and more flexible, devices than their offices do; consumer gadgets and online services are smarter and easier to use than most companies’systems. Familiar consumer products are being adopted by businesses, government and the armed forces. Companies are employing in-house versions of Facebook and creating their own “app stores” to deliver software to employees. Doctors use tablet computers for their work in hospitals. Meanwhile, the number of consumers hungry for such gadgets continues to swell. Apple’s products are now being snapped up in Delhi and Dalian just as in Dublin and Dallas.G)Mr. Jobs had a reputation as a control freak（怪人）, and his criticscomplained that the products and systems he designed were closed and inflexible, in the name of greater ease of use. Yet he also empowered millions of people by giving them access to cutting-edge technology. His insistence on putting users first, and focusing on elegance and simplicity, has become deep-rooted in his own company, and is spreading to rival firms too. It is no longer just at Apple that designers ask: “What would Steve Jobs do?”H)The gap between Apple and other tech firms is only likely to narrow.This week’s announcement of a new iPhone by a managementteam led by Tim Cook, who replaced Mr. Jobs as chief executive in August, was generally regarded as competent but uninspiring.Without Mr. Jobs to shower his star dust on the event, it felt like just another product launch from just another technology firm. At the recent unveiling of a tablet computer by Jeff Bezos of Amazon, whose company is doing the best job of following Apple’s lead in combining hardware, software, content and services in an easy-to-use bundle, there were several attacks at Apple. But by doing his best to imitate Mr. Jobs, Mr. Bezos also flattered him. With Mr. Jobs gone, Apple is just one of many technology firms trying to arouse his uncontrollable spirit in new products.I)Mr. Jobs was said by an engineer in the early years of Apple to emita “reality distortion（扭曲）field”, such were his powers of persuasion.But in the end he created a reality of his own, channeling the magic of computing into products that reshaped entire industries. The man who said in his youth that he wanted to “put a ding in the universe” did just that.1.Steve Jobs was obsessed with elegant and user-friendly gadgets,which was his great strength.2.In spite of the user-friendliness of Apple products, critics complainedthat they were closed and inflexible.3.Steve Jobs fulfilled his promise and had succeeded in redefining theproducts in computer industries.4.Steve Jobs started the era of personal technology, which has aprofound impact on people’s way of life.5.Steve Jobs was thought highly of by leaders of many largecompanies for his achievements and personal charm.6.Integrating the easy-to-use elements to the utmost, Amazon hasbecome the best Apple follower many technology firms.7.Apple’s products are very popular in many industries and places,bringing much comfort and convenience to people’s life and work.8.No one can be compared with Steve Jobs in showmanship in thecomputer industry or any other related industries.9.Having so many faithful users was the most amazing part of SteveJob s’ success.10.For those who have suffered failures in business, Steve Jobs’lifeexperience serves as an inspiration.(C G I B D H F A E D)Passage 5Should Sugar Be Regulated like Alcohol and Tobacco?。
2020年9月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第2套)
2020年9月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第2套）听力答案：1.A) Ship traffic in the Atlantic.2.D) They may be affecting the world’s climate.3.C) To call for a permanent security guard.4.A) It had already taken strong action.5.B) The road was blocked.6.D) A track hit a barrier and overturned.7.B) It was a hard task to removing the spilled substance.8.A) She wanted to save for a new phone.9.D) They are less aware of the value of their money.10.B) More non-essential things.11.C) It may lead to excessive spending.12.C) He had a problem with the furniture delivered.13.B) Describe the furniture he received.14.A) Correct their mistake.15. с) She apologized to the man once more.16. B) Tidying up one's home.17. A) Things that make one happy.18. C) It received an incredibly large number of donated books.19. A) Give free meals to the homeless.20. D) Follow his example.21. C) Sending him had-made bags.22. A) To solve word search puzzles.23. B) They could no longer concentrate on their task.24. C) A reduction in the amount of sleep.25. C) Realize the disruptive effects of technology.【写作第2套】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the use of PowerPoint(PPT) in class.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.the Use of PowerPoint(PPT) in ClassWith the development of information technology, it is bringing reforms into modern education. As a typical application, the use of PPT in class is becoming increasingly popular.As we know, every coin has two sides. On one hand, the use of PPT in class expands knowledge and makes teaching easy, wonderful and vivid. In place of complex explanation output by teachers, show of text, sound, image and video in PPT stimulates students’ interests and help them understand intuitively especially in face of abstract concepts. Lesson study becomes more effective and interesting for students.On the other hand, relying too much on PPT weakens teachers’ ability. Many teachers read PPT directly lacking communications with students. Besides, some design of PPT is overwhelming which distracts students’ attention.As far as I am concerned, PPT is just a kind of teaching assistant. Teachers is expected to use it appropriately rather than pursuit its effects excessively.【选词填空第2套】26.I normal27.E definitely28.D considerable29.J possibly30.B argued31.K proposition32.N tend33.C avoid34.F extreme35.G inaction【信息匹配第2套】Why are Asian Americans Missing from out textbook?36. E 段落第一句For decades. Activists have called for schools to offer anti-racism or multicultural curricula.37. B 段落第一句My excitement was short-lived38. J 段落第一句Some teachers are finding ways to expose students to Asian=-American issues39. F 段落第一句Research into what students learn in schools has found just how much.40. H 段落第一句Teachers with multicultural background or41. D 段落第一句Our students-Asian42. K 段落第一句And despite setbacks43. G 段落第一句Worse, when Asian Americans do.44. C 段落第一句I finally had the opportunity to learn about45. I 段落第一句How race and ethnicity is taught is crucial.【仔细阅读第2套】Text 1 ：Paint46. A It uses paint to create anti-pollution images47 C Raise public awareness of environmental pollution48 B He chose tunnels to do his graffiti art49 A It is simply absurd50 D They made it impossible for him to practice his artText 2 ：Housework51. C It may not turn out to be the best thing to do.52. A share family responsibilities.53. B To teach then how to manage money54. A They have a natural instinct to help around the house55. D Accept children’s early birds to help.【翻译第2套】：茶文化茶拥有5000年的历史。
英语四级阅读信息匹配精选训练及答案
英语四级阅读信息匹配精选训练及答案四级阅读信息匹配精选训练一：A One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful -- I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let merant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. That's when it started to dawn on me -- lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everything about me; when they left, they had taken my context with them.B Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of socialisolation on one's health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends -- women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the worlda little bit just as I did. Since I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever given the process, I realized Icould be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The down side, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.C After all, it's a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when yon're younger -- a fact woman I've spoken with point out again and again. As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, whenyou're in your teens and 20s, you're more or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal atleast partly due to proximity. Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. "There are many people I'm comfort-able around, but I wouldn't go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship," Danzig says.D At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldn't run upto people the way my4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, "Will you be my friend? Every time you start anew relationship, you're vulnerable again," agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute,in Atlanta. "You're asking, 'Would you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious."E Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didn't take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn't in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.F We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests -- say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for -- become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. "In high school I chose friends based on their popular-ity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me. Now's it's our shared values and activities that count." Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.G Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in -- or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son's pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. "I said to my husband, she's too cool for me,'" she jokes. "I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly." In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn't become good pals. "I realized that we weren't each other's type, but it wasn't about hierarchy." What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you've become or are still becoming back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you've made in your life.H Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to is-sues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.I A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from workwas exactly what she needed ina friend. In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape.J While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. We asked Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You "re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships. Keep in touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her. Speak your mind. Tell a friend politelyif something she did really upset you. If you can't be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks --she's chronically late, or she's a bit negative -- to cut down on frustration and fights. Boost her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.46. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one's middle age needed some reasons.47. A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.48. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.49. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.50. Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress you've made in your life.51. In Mafia Paul's book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your fiiends, care for your friend's job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job.52. For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under "stand her and erase her negative feeling.53. According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities54. As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejection with grace.55. With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.Section B交友之道A数年前的一天晚上，我发现自己陷入了焦虑中。
四级匹配题真题及答案解析
四级匹配题真题及答案解析1. Passage A:Key ideas: advancements in technologyAnswer: BIn this passage, the key idea is the advancements in technology. The author talks about how technology has influenced various aspects of our lives, including communication, transportation, and entertainment. The passage highlights the convenience and efficiency that technology has brought to society. For example, the passage mentions how smartphones enable people to connect with each other instantly, how online shopping has made shopping easier, and how streaming services have revolutionized the way we consume media.2. Passage B:Key ideas: benefits of volunteeringAnswer: DPassage B discusses the benefits of volunteering. The author emphasizes how volunteering can have a positive impact on both the volunteers and the communities they serve. The passage mentions that volunteering not only helps individualsdevelop new skills and gain valuable experiences but also allows them to make a difference in the lives of others. Additionally, the passage states that volunteering can improve mental well-being and foster a sense of belonging in society.3. Passage C:Key ideas: environmental issues and responsibilityAnswer: APassage C focuses on environmental issues and our responsibility to address them. The author highlights the importance of taking action to protect the environment to ensure a sustainable future. The passage discusses various environmental problems, such as pollution, deforestation, and climate change. It emphasizes the role of individuals and governments in addressing these issues through initiatives like conservation efforts, renewable energy use, and sustainable practices.4. Passage D:Key ideas: challenges of globalizationAnswer: CPassage D explores the challenges brought about by globalization. The author discusses how globalization has influenced economies, cultures, and societies worldwide. Thepassage mentions issues like economic inequality, cultural homogenization, and loss of local traditions. It also discusses the impact of globalization on job markets and the need for individuals to adapt and acquire new skills in the face of rapid changes.Answer analysis:B: Advancements in technology - Passage A clearly discusses the advancements in technology and their effects on various aspects of our lives. The passage provides examples to support this idea.D: Benefits of volunteering - Passage B highlights the benefits of volunteering, such as personal development, making a difference in society, and improving mental well-being. The passage provides reasons and examples to support this idea.A: Environmental issues and responsibility - Passage C focuses on environmental issues, emphasizing theresponsibility individuals and governments have in addressing them. The passage discusses environmental problems and the need for sustainable practices.C: Challenges of globalization - Passage D explores the challenges brought about by globalization, including economic inequality, cultural homogenization, and the need for individuals to adapt to rapid changes. The passage discusses the negative aspects of globalization.In conclusion, the four passages and their key ideas have been analyzed, and the correct answers have been provided. The article aims to familiarize readers with the concept of matching questions and their answers, providing insights into various topics without delving into any political content.。
大学英语四级信息匹配题2篇
信息匹配题(2篇)第一篇Section B Directions: In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions 6y marking the corresponding letter on Answer' Sheet 2.Can Digital Textbooks Truly Replace the Print Kind?A) The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they're heavy, with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They're also expensive, especially when you factor in the average college student's limited budget, typically costing hundreds of dollars every semester. But the worst part is that print versions of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions. Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom, essentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they're basically stuck with a four pound paperweight that they can't sell back.B) Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they've been something like a mirage(幻影)in the distance, more like a hazy (模糊的) dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all your textbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true. But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition(过渡) over to digital books. Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at the University of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks just last year.C) But not all were eager to jump aboard. "People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading," says Kalpit Shah, who will be going into his second year at Irvine's medical program this fall. "'They weren't using it as a source of communication because they couldn't read or write in it. So a third of the people in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil.”The reason it hasn't caught on yet .he tells me, is that the functionality of e-edition textbooks is incredibly limited, and some students just aren't motivated to learn new study behavior.D) But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released an updated version last week, and it'll be utilized in over 50 undergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year. “Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,”says Inkling CEO Matt MacInnis as he's giving me a demo(演示)over coffee. “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital textbook is it's an exact copy of the print book. There's Course Smart, etc.，these guys who take an image of the page and put it on a screen. If that's how we're defining digital textbooks, there's no of that becoming a mainstream product”E) He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as a skeleton. At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping(触击)into the iPad app(应用软件)，which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.F) Up first chapters is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through(浏览)a few before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its various blocks. "Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,” he says, "We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.”Next he pulls a music composition textbook, complete with playable demos. It's a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It's clear why this would be something a music major would love.G) But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation(批注)system. Here's how it works: When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner's highlights and notes in the margins. It uses the reading (how much experience you trust of someone who already went through the class to help improve your each notation is obviously up to you). But with Inkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here's where things get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple Inkling users, that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Face-book friends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorted democratically by a voting system, that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers. As a can even chimeH) Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well. Textbook versions are constantly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard).Furthermore, students will be able to purchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing as little as$2.99.I) There are, however, challenges. "It takes efforts to build each book,”MacInnis tells me. And it's clear why. Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.J) For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, hardware away for free, for other and though a few of these educational institutions are giving students who don't have such a luxury it's an added layer of cost--and an expensive one at that.K) But this much is clear: The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite some time. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen, and we probably won't have a definite answer for the next few years. However, the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now, that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible(可触摸的)，a little less of a dream.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
大学英语四级信息匹配题2篇复习过程
大学英语四级信息匹配题2篇信息匹配题(2篇)第一篇Section B Directions: In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions 6y marking the corresponding letter on Answer' Sheet 2.Can Digital Textbooks Truly Replace the Print Kind?A) The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they're heavy, with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They're also expensive, especially when you factor in the average college student's limited budget, typically costing hundreds of dollars every semester. But the worst part is that print versions of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions. Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom, essentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they're basically stuck with a four pound paperweight that they can't sell back.B) Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they've been something like a mirage(幻影)in the distance, more like a hazy (模糊的) dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all your textbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true. But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition(过渡) over todigital books. Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at the University of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks just last year.C) But not all were eager to jump aboard. "People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading," says Kalpit Shah, who will be going into his second year at Irvine's medical program this fall. "'They weren't using it as a source of communication because they couldn't read or write in it. So a third of the people in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil.”The reason it hasn't caught on yet .he tells me, is that the functionality of e-editiontextbooks is incredibly limited, and some students just aren't motivated to learn new study behavior.D) But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released an updated version last week, and it'll be utilized in over 50 undergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year. “Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,”says Inkling CEO Matt MacInnis as he's giving me a demo(演示)over coffee. “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital textbook is it's an exact copy of the print book. There's Course Smart, etc.，these guys who take an image of the page and put it on a screen. If that's how we're defining digital textbooks, there's no of that becoming a mainstream product”E) He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as a skeleton. At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping(触击)into the iPad app(应用软件)，which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.F) Up first chapters is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through(浏览)a few before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its various blocks. "Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,” he says, "We help them think through how toactually build something for this platform.” Next he pulls a music composition textbook, complete with playable demos. It's a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It's clear why this would be something a music major would love.G) But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation(批注)system. Here's how it works: When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner's highlights and notes in the margins. It uses the reading (how much experience you trust of someone who already went through the class to help improve your each notation is obviously up to you). But with Inkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here's where things get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple Inkling users, that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Face-book friends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorted democratically by a voting system, that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers. As a can evenchime in(插话)on discussions. They'll be able to answer the questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.H) Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well. Textbook versions are constantly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard).Furthermore, students will be able to purchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing as little as$2.99.I) There are, however, challenges. "It takes efforts to build each book,”MacInnis tells me. And it's clear why. Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.J) For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, hardware away for free, for other and though a few of these educational institutions are giving students who don't have such a luxury it's an added layer of cost--and an expensive one at that.K) But this much is clear: The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite some time. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen, and we probably won't have a definite answer for the next few years. However, the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now, that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible(可触摸的)，a littleless of a dream.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2020年9月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第2套)
2020年9月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第2套）听力答案：1.A) Ship traffic in the Atlantic.2.D) They may be affecting the world’s climate.3.C) To call for a permanent security guard.4.A) It had already taken strong action.5.B) The road was blocked.6.D) A track hit a barrier and overturned.7.B) It was a hard task to removing the spilled substance.8.A) She wanted to save for a new phone.9.D) They are less aware of the value of their money.10.B) More non-essential things.11.C) It may lead to excessive spending.12.C) He had a problem with the furniture delivered.13.B) Describe the furniture he received.14.A) Correct their mistake.15. с) She apologized to the man once more.16. B) Tidying up one's home.17. A) Things that make one happy.18. C) It received an incredibly large number of donated books.19. A) Give free meals to the homeless.20. D) Follow his example.21. C) Sending him had-made bags.22. A) To solve word search puzzles.23. B) They could no longer concentrate on their task.24. C) A reduction in the amount of sleep.25. C) Realize the disruptive effects of technology.【写作第2套】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the use of PowerPoint(PPT) in class.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.the Use of PowerPoint(PPT) in ClassWith the development of information technology, it is bringing reforms into modern education. As a typical application, the use of PPT in class is becoming increasingly popular.As we know, every coin has two sides. On one hand, the use of PPT in class expands knowledge and makes teaching easy, wonderful and vivid. In place of complex explanation output by teachers, show of text, sound, image and video in PPT stimulates students’ interests and help them understand intuitively especially in face of abstract concepts. Lesson study becomes more effective and interesting for students.On the other hand, relying too much on PPT weakens teachers’ ability. Many teachers read PPT directly lacking communications with students. Besides, some design of PPT is overwhelming which distracts students’ attention.As far as I am concerned, PPT is just a kind of teaching assistant. Teachers is expected to use it appropriately rather than pursuit its effects excessively.【选词填空第2套】26.I normal27.E definitely28.D considerable29.J possibly30.B argued31.K proposition32.N tend33.C avoid34.F extreme35.G inaction【信息匹配第2套】Why are Asian Americans Missing from out textbook?36. E 段落第一句For decades. Activists have called for schools to offer anti-racism or multicultural curricula.37. B 段落第一句My excitement was short-lived38. J 段落第一句Some teachers are finding ways to expose students to Asian=-American issues39. F 段落第一句Research into what students learn in schools has found just how much.40. H 段落第一句Teachers with multicultural background or41. D 段落第一句Our students-Asian42. K 段落第一句And despite setbacks43. G 段落第一句Worse, when Asian Americans do.44. C 段落第一句I finally had the opportunity to learn about45. I 段落第一句How race and ethnicity is taught is crucial.【仔细阅读第2套】Text 1 ：Paint46. A It uses paint to create anti-pollution images47 C Raise public awareness of environmental pollution48 B He chose tunnels to do his graffiti art49 A It is simply absurd50 D They made it impossible for him to practice his artText 2 ：Housework51. C It may not turn out to be the best thing to do.52. A share family responsibilities.53. B To teach then how to manage money54. A They have a natural instinct to help around the house55. D Accept children’s early birds to help.【翻译第2套】：茶文化茶拥有5000年的历史。
四级信息匹配题
四级信息匹配题由于信息量较大，无法提供完整的题目和选项。
以下是一些信息匹配题的例子：1. 阅读下列有关环保的句子，选择相应的解释。
A）The government should impose stricter regulations on companies’ carbon emissions.B）Recycling can significantly reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills.C）Plants play a vital role in absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen.D）Replacing plastic bags with reusable ones can reduce plastic pollution.a. Plastic bags should be banned in order to protect the environment.b. Trees are a very important natural resource that need to be protected.c. Recycling is a practical way to prevent environmental degradation.d. Governments should take action to limit the amount of greenhouse gas emissions.2. 阅读下列有关心理学的句子，选择相应的解释。
A）The cognitive perspective focuses on how people process and perceive information.B）Behaviorists believe that behavior is shaped by the environment through reinforcement and punishment.C）The humanistic approach emphasizes the individual’s potentialfor self-actualization.D）The biological perspective explores the relationship between the brain, hormones, and behavior.a. Psychology is the study of the human brain and the nervous system.b. Different schools of thought in psychology have different theories about the nature of human behavior.c. Emotions play an important role in shaping human behavior.d. The focus of psychology is on the study of mental disorders.3. 阅读下列有关企业管理的句子，选择相应的解释。
2024年6月大学英语四级考试真题和答案(第2套)
2024年6月大学英语四级考试真题和答案（第2套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Suppose your university is seeking students’ opinions on whether university sports facilities should be open to the public. You are now to write an essay to express your view. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) It hit a bird shortly after takeoff.B) Its crew members went on strike.C) It narrowly escaped a plane crash when turning around.D) Its captain got slightly injured during the forced landing.2. A) Panic.B) Nervous.C) Relieved.D) Contented.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) He is now kept in a secure area.B) He has escaped the zoo once again.C) He has been caught a second time.D) He finally disappeared six days ago.4. A) Squeezed.B) Threatened.C) Disappointed.D) Frustrated.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) It is condemned as a crazy idea.B) It is enriching the city’s night life.C) It is questioned by local residents.D) It is giving rise to safety concerns.6. A) Avoid entering one-way streets.B) Ensure the safety of pedestrians.C) Follow all the traffic rules drivers do.D) Give way to automobiles at all times.7. A) To ease the city’s busy traffic.B) To bring new life into the city.C) To add a new means of transport.D) To reduce the city’s air pollution.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Take it seriously.B) Discuss it regularly.C) Make it sound scary.D) Talk about it openly.9. A) By shopping around for the best deals.B) By making abstract sums relevant.C) By citing concrete examples.D) By visiting discount stores.10. A) Paying their kids to help with housework.B) Setting kids a good example by sharing chores.C) Giving kids pocket money according to their needs.D) Urging kids to deposit some of their gift money.11. A) The importance of cutting down family expenses.B) The need to learn important lessons from her elders.C) The delight in seeing their savings grow.D) The necessity of saving into a pension.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) He is a successful businessman.B) He reviews books on political affairs.C) He has published a new bestseller.D) He has worked in several banks.13. A) The man’s ideas about education.B) The man’s academic background.C) The man’s attempts at drawing public attention.D) The man’s proposals to solve economic problems.14. A) To reduce students’ financial burden.B) To motivate all students to be successful.C) To give students incentive to excel in economics.D) To provide remedies for students’ poor performance.15. A) Improving school budgeting.B) Increasing tuition fees.C) Seeking donations.D) Raising taxes.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) To show his sympathy towards people always being busy.B) To prevent people from complaining about being “busy”.C) To call on busy people to take care of themselves.D) To help busy people to sort out their priorities.17. A) Avoid saying we are busy.B) Reflect on their true purpose.C) Describe our schedule in detail.D) Respond as most busy people do.18. A) To show their achievements resulted from great efforts.B) To prove they stand out as accomplished professionals.C) To cover up their failure to achieve some purpose.D) To tell others a complete lie about their inability.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They will help one reduce fear.B) They should become so popular.C) They will be less challenging after a time.D) They should cover so many different types.20. A) To break one’s ultimate limits.B) To stop being extremely afraid.C) To avoid dangerous mistakes.D) To enjoy the sports to the full.21. A) By allowing our motivation to be at an all-time high.B) By stopping us hurting the same muscles repeatedly.C) By burning as many as 300 calories per hour.D) By enabling us to get an all-over workout.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It is natural.B) It is instrumental.C) It is personal.D) It is vital.23. A) To guard against being perceived negatively.B) To prevent themselves from being isolated.C) To conceal personality preferences.D) To maintain workplace harmony.24. A) It helps to enhance team spirit.B) It stimulates innovative ideas.C) It helps to resolve problems.D) It facilitates policy-making.25. A) An innovative mind.B) Corporate culture.C) Mutual trust.D) A healthy mentality.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．A team of researchers led by Priyanka Joshi examined the degree to which men and women relied on “communicative abstraction” to verbally convey their ideas and emotions. Communicative abstraction, according to the researchers, reflects the tendency of people to use “abstract speech that focuses on the broader picture and____26____purpose of action rather than concrete speech focusing on details and the meansof____27____action.” Interestingly, they found that men were far more likely to speak in the abstract than were women.To arrive at this____28____, the researchers examined the linguistic (语言的) patterns of men and women in over 600,000 blog posts written on websites. To do this, the researchers computed abstractness ratings for____29____40,000 commonly used words in the English language. Words considered to be concrete could be easily visualized, such as “table”or “chair”. Words that were more____30____to visualize, for example, “justice” or “morality” were considered to be more abstract. They found that men used____31____more abstract language in their blog posts.What is the____32____of this effect? The researchers suggest that power differences between the genders— that is, men having more power in society—might be a key determinant(决定因素). For instance, in a follow-up study conducted with a sample of 300 students, the researchers____33____power dynamics in an interpersonal setting to see if this would influence communicative abstraction. They found that participants in a high-power interviewer role were more likely to give abstract descriptions of behaviors than were participants in a low-power interviewee role. This suggests that communicating more abstractly does not reflect a____34____tendency of men or women butrather____35____within specific contexts.A) approximatelyB) attainingC) conclusionD) difficultE) emergesF) fixedG) ignoredH) legallyI) manipulatedJ) recommendedK) refrainingL) signalsM) significantlyN) sourceO) ultimateSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How to better work towards long-term goalsA) Hal Hershfield, a psychologist at the UCLA Anderson School of Management, wanted to know why people weren’t saving for retirement. Across the board, people are living longer. Logically, they’ll need more money to live comfortably in their post-work years. And yet, savings rates in the U.S. have gone down in recent decades, not up.B) To help explain this seemingly irrational behavior, Hershfield and his team scanned the brains of study participants while asking them to what degree various traits (特征)—like “honorable” or “funny”—applied to their current self, their future self, a current other, or a futureother. As participants answered, Hershfield’s team recorded which parts of their brains lit up. Unsurprisingly, people’s brains were most active when thinking about their current selves and least active when thinking about a current other. But the team found that participants’ brain activity while considering their future selves more closely resembled their brain activity while thinking about a current other rather than the current self.C) Put in practical terms, when thinking of yourself in a month or a year or a decade, your brain registers that person in ways similar to how it would register Taylor Swift or the mailman. Understood in that way, saving for retirement is the equivalent of giving money away to someone else entirely.D) In light of Hershfield’s study, one simple question arises: Is it possible to make our present selves give a damn about our future selves? The answers are anything but simple.E) Seen through the lens of the present self versus the future self, our self-defeating actions—like choosing to watch television rather than go to the gym—suddenly make perfect sense. We get to enjoy the very concrete, immediate benefits of our actions while someone else (namely, our future selves) suffers the hypothetical(假设的), far-off consequences. As a result, the decisions we make for our present selves often look very different from our decisions for our future selves. We believe that tomorrow will be different. We believe that we will be different tomorrow; but in doing so, we prioritize our current mood over the consequences of our inaction for the future self.F) Understanding our procrastination (拖延) through the lens of the present and future selves, we’re left with three possible solutions: The first is to force your future self to do whatever your present self doesn’t want to do. The second is to convince your present self that your future self is, in fact, still you. If the central problem is that we think of our future selves as other people, it follows that trying to identify more closely with our future selves will encourage us to make better long-term decisions.G) In a follow-up study, Hershfield wanted to explore ways to bridge the disconnect between the present and future selves and encourage people to save more for retirement. He and his team took photos of study participants, and then used image processing to visually age their faces. Participants were then placed in a virtual reality setting where they could look into a mirror and see their aged selves looking back at them. Participants who saw their aged selves said they would save 30% more of their salary for retirement than the control group.H) Whatever your long-term goals may be—getting in better shape, launching your own business, writing a book—thinking about your deadline in terms of days rather than months or years can help you wrap your mindaround how close the future really is.I) The third solution is to forget about your future self and use your present self’s love of instant gratification (满足感) to your advantage. While the two tactics (手段) above can be effective in making better long-term choices, in the end, you’re still struggling against human nature. Our brains are hard-wired for instant gratification. Instead of fighting your present self’s need for immediate rewards, why not use it to your advantage? When most of us set goals, we focus on long-term results we want to see—e.g., losing weight, getting a promotion, retiring in comfort, etc. While those visions of our future selves can be inspiring, when it comes to actually doing the day-to-day work, it may be more effective to reframe activities in terms of their immediate, or at least very near-term, rewards.J) Take writing this article, for instance. It’s easy for me to imagine how amazing it will feel at the end of the workday to have this article done. This isn’t just my opinion. Research partners Kaitlin Woolley of Cornell University and Ayelet Fishbach of the University of Chicago have made a career out of studying the differences between the goals that people achieve and the ones that fall to the wayside.K) “In one study, we asked people online about the goals they set at the beginning of the year. Most people set goals to achieve delayed, long-term benefits, such as career advancement, debt repayment, or improved health. We asked these individuals how enjoyable it was to pursue their goal, as well as how important their goal was. We also asked whether they were still working on their goals two months after setting them. We found that enjoyment predicted people’s goal persistence two months after setting the goal far more than how important they rated their goal to be,” Woolley said.L) This pattern held true across a wide variety of goals from exercising to studying to eating healthier foods. For example, people ate 50% more of a healthy food when directed to focus on the good taste rather than the long-term health benefits. Other studies have shown a greater uptake of exercise in people who were told to think of the enjoyment of doing the exercise now rather than future health gains.M) These findings suggest that when it comes to achieving your goals, enjoying the process itself is more important than wanting the long-term benefits. In other words, present self trumps (战胜) future self. Who says instant gratification has to be a bad thing? By all means, set ambitious long-term goals for your future self, but when it comes to actually following through day-to-day, make sure your present self knows what’s in it for her too.36. Our brains are genetically determined to satisfy immediate desires.37. Taken in a practical way, saving for post-work years is like givingmoney away to others.38. Research found that, as regards achievement of one’s goals, it is important to focus more on enjoying the process than the long-term benefits.39. Regarding our future selves as still being ourselves will help us make better long-term decisions.40. Savings rates in America have dropped in recent decades even though people’s life expectancy has increased.41. Researchers found that enjoyment rather than importance enabled people to persist in their goals.42. When making decisions, we give priority to our current frame of mind without thinking much of the consequences.43. People ate more of a healthy food when they focused on its good taste instead of its longterm benefits.44. As was expected, when people thought of their present selves, their brains were observed to become more active.45. Researchers found that participants who saw the images of their aged selves would save more for their later years than those who didn’t.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.People often wonder why some entrepreneurs have greater success than others. Is it habits, connections, luck, work ethic or any other behavior?I believe the key to success is willpower. Willpower is the ability to control yourself. It is a strong determination that allows you to do something difficult. It is a behavior we are born with more than one we learn; however, it is possible to not only learn it, but also strengthen it with constant exercise.Willpower is just like a muscle; to keep it strong you need to constantly exercise it. People with a great amount of willpower have the discipline to develop positive, successful habits. Even with an incredible amount of talent, without the discipline and motivation to create positive habits, it can be difficult to achieve success.Willpower and habits go hand in hand. It is critical to create good habits and take the actions necessary to stick to those habits day in and day out for greater success. Almost half of our daily actions are part of our habits and not decisions, so once the correct habits are in place,you will automatically perform those tasks on a day-today basis.The best way to create and stick to a habit is to have strong motivation. It’s easier to change your habits to lose weight if you have a health issue and you want to be around longer for your kids, or if your business is something you’re passionate about. Having a valuable outcome associated with a habit will help you stick to that habit permanently.The art of self-control is one that most successful individuals have mastered. Self-control enables you to avoid behaviors that don’t contribute to your success and adopt those that do.Because there is a delayed satisfaction associated with self-control, it can be easy to get off track. However, if you work on sticking to those small positive habits one day at a time, it becomes easier to stay strong and achieve that delayed reward. Once a reward is achieved, it is much easier to continue sticking to your habits.46. What does the author say we need to do to strengthen our willpower?A) Keep it under control.B) Apply it continuously.C) Learn from entrepreneurs.D) Aim at success determinedly.47. How are almost half of our daily actions performed according to the passage?A) Out of habit.B) With determination.C) Like muscle building.D) By self-discipline.48. What will help people stick to doing something constructive automatically?A) Practising it on a day-to-day basis.B) Associating it with improving health.C) Possessing a reasonable amount of talent.D) Foreseeing the desired outcome it will yield.49. How does the art of self-control help us succeed?A) By allowing us to remain clear-headed permanently.B) By enabling us to alter our behaviors constantly.C) By enabling us to take positive actions.D) By allowing us to avoid taking risks.50. Why can it be difficult for us to maintain self-control?A) Most of us are not in the habit of exercising self-control.B) We may not get immediate rewards from self-control.C) Self-control tends to be associated with pains.D) Self-control only brings about small benefits.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Today, most scientific research is funded by government grants, companies doing research and development, and non-profit foundations. As a society, we reap the rewards from this science, but we also help pay for it. You indirectly support science through taxes you pay, products and services you purchase, and donations you make.Funding for science has changed with the times. Historically, science has been largely supported through private patronage (资助), church sponsorship, or simply paying for the research yourself. Today, researchers are likely to be funded by a mix of grants from various government agencies, institutions, and foundations. Other research is funded by private companies. Such corporate sponsorship is widespread in some fields. Almost 75% of U.S. clinical trials in medicine are paid for by private companies. And, of course, some researchers today still fund small-scale studies out of their own pockets. Most of us can’t afford to do nuclear research as a private hobby, but birdwatchers, rock collectors, and others can do real research on a limited budget.In a perfect world, money wouldn’t matter—all scientific studies would be completely objective. But in the real world, funding may introduce biases. Drug research sponsored by the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry is more likely to end up favoring the drug under consideration than studies sponsored by government grants or charitable organizations. Similarly, nutrition research sponsored by the food industry is more likely to end up favoring the food under consideration than independently funded research.So what should we make of all this? Should we ignore any research funded by companies or special interest groups? Certainly not. These groups provide invaluable funding for scientific research. Furthermore, science has many safeguards in place to catch instances of bias that affect research outcomes. Ultimately, misleading results will be corrected as science proceeds; however, this process takes time. Meanwhile, it pays to examine studies funded by industry or special interest groups with extra care. Are the results consistent with other independently funded studies? What do other scientists have to say about this research? A little examination can go a long way towards identifying bias associated with the funding source.51. What does the passage mainly discuss regarding scientific research?A) Its foundation.B) Its rewards.C) Its prospect.D) Its funding.52. What do we learn from the passage about researchers like birdwatchers and rock collectors?A) They have little access to government funding.B) They can do research with limited resources.C) They can do amateur work in their own fields.D) They have no means for large-scale research.53. What would scientific studies look like in a perfect world according to the author?A) They would be totally unbiased.B) They would be independently funded.C) They would be responsibly conducted.D) They would be strictly supervised.54. What does the author say about companies and special interest groups?A) They try hard to pull down the safeguards for research.B) They make extra efforts to research their own products.C) They provide valuable resources for scientific research.D) They reap the most benefits from scientific research.55. What does the author think of research funded by industry or special interest groups?A) Its recommendations should be examined for feasibility.B) Its misleading results should be corrected in time.C) Its validity should be checked with additional care.D) Its hidden biases should be identified independently.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.农历（the lunar calendar）起源于数千年前的中国，根据太阳和月亮的运行规律制定。
CET4信息匹配及答案整合(DOC)
(一).The Touch-Screen GenerationA.On a chilly day last spring, a few dozen developers of children's apps (应用程序) for phones andtablets (平板电脑) gathered at an old beach resort in Monterey, California, to show off their games.The gathering was organized by Warren .Buckleitner, a longtime reviewer of interactive children'smedia. Buckleitner spent the breaks testing whether his own remote-control helicopter could reachthe hall's .second story, while various children who had come with their parents looked up in awe(敬畏) and delight. But mostly they looked down, at the iPads and other tablets displayed around thehall like so many open boxes of candy. I walked around and talked with developers, and severalquoted a famous saying of Maria Montessori's, "The hands are the instruments of man's intelligence."B. What, really, would Maria Montessori have made of this scene? The 30 or so children here were notdown at the shore poking (戳) their fingers in the sand or running them along stones or pickingseashells. Instead they were all inside, alone or in groups of two or three, their faces a few inchesfrom a screen, their hands doing things Montessori surely did not imagine.C. In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated .its policy on very young children and media- In1999, the group had discouraged television viewing for children younger than 2, citing research onbrain development that showed this age group's critical need for "direct interactions with parents andother significant care givers." The updated report began by acknowledging that things had changedsignificantly since then. In 2006, 90% of parents said that their children younger than 2 consumedsome form of electronic media. Nevertheless, the group took largely the same approach it did in1999, uniformly discouraging passive media use, on any type of screen, for these kids. (For olderchildren, the academy noted,"high-quality programs" could have"'educational benefits.") The 2011report nentioned"smart cell phone" and"new screen" technologies, but did not address interactive- apps. Nor did it bring up the possibility that has likely occurred to those 90% of American parentsthat some good might come from those little swiping (在电子产品上刷) fingers.D. I had come to the developers' conference partly because I hoped that this particular set of parents,enthusiastic as they were about interactive media, might help me out of this problem, that they mightoffer some guiding principle for American parents who are clearly never going to meet the academy'sideals, and at some level do not want to. Perhaps this group would be able to express clearly some benefits of the new technology that the more cautious doctors weren't ready to address.E. I fell into conversation with a woman who had helped develop Montessori Letter Sounds, an app thatteaches preschoolers the Montessori methods of spelling. She was a former Montessori teacher and amother of four. I myself have three children Who are all fans of the touch screen. What games didher kids like to play, I asked, hoping for suggestions I could take home."They don't play all that much."Really? Why not?"Because I don't allow it. We have a rule of no screen time during the week, unlessit's clearlyeducational."No screen time? None at all? That seems at the outer edge of restrictive, even by the standards ofovercontrolling parents."On the weekends, they can play. I give them a limit of half an hour and then stop. Enough."F. Her answer so surprised me that I decided to ask some of the other developers who were alsoparents what their domestic ground rules for screen time were. One said only on airplanes and longcar rides. Another said Wednesdays and weekends, for half an hour. The most permissive said halfan hour a day, which was about my rule at home. At one poing I sat with one of the biggestdevelopers of e-book apps for kids, and his family. The small kid was starting to fuss in her highchair, so the morn stuck an iPad in front of her and played a short movie so everyone else couldenjoy their lunch. When she saw me watching, she gave me the universal tense look of mothers whofeel they are being judged. "At home," she assured me, "I only let her watch movies in Spanish."G. By their reactions, these parents made me understand the problem of our age: as technology becomesalmost everywhere in our lives, American parents are becoming more, not less, distrustful of what itmight be doing to their children. Technological ability has not, for parents, translated into comfortand ease. On the one hand, parents want their children to swim expertly in the digital s~ream thatthey will have to navigate (航行) all their lives; on the other hand, they fear that too much digitalmedia, too early, will sink them. Parents end up treating tablets as precision surgical (外科的)instruments, devices that might perform miracles for their child's IQ and help him win some greatrobotics competitionbut only if they are used just so. Otherwise, their child could end up one of~ those sad, pale creatures who can't make eye contact and has a girlfriend who lives only in thevirtual world.H. Norman Rockwell, a 20th-century artist, never painted Boy Swiping Finger on Screen, and our ownvision of a perfect childhood has never been adjusted to accommodate that now-common scene. Addto that our modern fear that every parenting decision may have lasting consequences--that everyminute of enrichment lost or mindless entertainment indulged (放纵的) will add up to somepermanent handicap (障碍) in the futureand you have deep guilt and confusion. To date, no bodyof research has proved that the iPad will make your preschooler smarter or teach her to speakChinese, or alternatively that it will rust her nervous system--the device has been out for only threeyears, not much more than the time it takes some academics to find funding and gather researchsubjects. So what m a parent to do?注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.46. The author attended the conference, hoping to find some guiding principles for parenting in theelectronic age.47. American parents are becoming more doubtful about the benefits technology is said to bring to theirchildren.48. Some experts believe that human intelligence develops by the use of hands.49. The author found a former Montessori teacher exercising strict control over her kids' screen time.50. Research shows interaction with people is key to babies' brain development.51. So far there has been no scientific proof of the educational benefits of iPads.52. American parents worry that overuse of tablets will create problems with their kids' interpersonalrelationships.53. The author expected developers of children's apps tospecify the benefits of the new technology.54. The kids at the gathering were more fascinated by the iPads than by the helicopter.55. The author permits her children to use the screen for at most half an hour a day.Section C触屏一代A)在去年一个寒冷的春日，几十家研发手机及平板电脑儿童应用程序的开发商聚集在加州蒙特利的一个旧海滨度假村，展示他们的游戏应用。
2021年12月大学英语四级真题试卷(二)
2021年12月大学英语四级真题试卷(二)1、听力：News Report One(1) A 22-year-old Chinese woman who suffered from a persistent cough was shocked to learn that she had a piece of chicken bone lodged in her lung. The unnamed woman from the province of Shandong started have coughing problems when she was 7 or 8 years old. For 14 years, she made numerous hospital visits. However, no doctor could identify any problem. Her uncontrollable coughing was a mystery. Finally, the woman got a full body scan at a hospital in the city of Qingdao. This special medical procedure revealed she had a chicken bone stuck in her lung. (2) Doctors performed surgery and removed the bone. The simple procedure went smoothly and the woman has recovered fully with the bone finally removed from her lung, the woman is very happy that she no longer suffers from that annoying cough.1. What was the woman’s problem?2. How was the woman’s problem eventually solved?News Report Two(3) A white shape named Prickles that ran away from an Australian farm during the 2013 bush fires recently returned home. According to farmer AliceGray, Prickles was only a lamb when she ran away. The bush fires that hit the area back then destroyed a large part of her family’s massive property. They thought Prickles had died in the fire. But instead, the young sheep escaped into a 200-acre forest near the farm. (4) Once the fires were over, the family had to fix the damage done to the farm as it was such a large property, which included rebuilding about 40 kilometers of fencing. It was this huge fencing that prevented Pickles from finding her way back. Over the years, the family spotted her a few times. They even recorded her with cameras installed to monitor the activity. But when they knew Pringles was alive, they couldn’t find her and never expected her to return by herself. Seven years later, they were proven wrong.3. What does the news say about the white sheep Prickles?4.What the family do of the bush fires?News Report Three(5) Tons of gold have fallen out of the sky in Russia after a cargo plane malfunctioned in midair this morning. The aircraft was carrying 265 million pounds worth of gold and diamonds, when the door flew open, sending the precious metal back to earth. According to the official news agency, Russian authorities have recovered more than 170 gold bars weighing 20 kilograms each. The plane was traveling from Yakutsk airport in a major diamond producing region to the city Krasnoyarsk in Siberia. (6)However, the aircraft made an emergency landing in Magan after began losing some of its valuable cargo.Reports suggest some bars of gold were scattered up to fifteen miles away from the airport. Nine tons of gold on plane AN12 belonged to a gold mine company. Police have sealed off the runway and say it is unclear if it was an accident or an attempted robbery. (7) Technical engineers who worked on the plane prior to takeoff are reportedly going to be questioned by the police.5. What is the news report mainly about?6. What did the aircraft do when the incident happened?7. What does the news report say about the technical engineers who worked on the plane before takeoff?Conversation One8. Why does the man have this conversation with the man recorded?His job is related to the customer service.9. What is the woman’s purpose of calling to the furniture company?She wants to know when she can get her money back.10. What does the woman say about her bank card?The new bank card will be sent to her on Tuesday, and the bank may has canceled the old one before the man made the payment.11. What does the man advise the woman to do?She needs to update the card details directly on the website.Conversation Two12. Why isn’t the man going to cook?He’s worn out.13. What does the man say he’ll do on his phone?He’ll use the food delivery app on his phone.14. What does the woman think of the Indian food?That’s not the kind of the hot she means. She needs something mild.15. What does the man think of the woman?She’s really difficult to please.Passage One(16) A new study carried out by the university of Lincoln has found a link between the personalities of cat owners and the behavior and wellbeing of their cats. The findings suggest that just as apparent personality can affect the personality of a child, the same is true for a cat and its owner. Owners defined as individuals with high levels of anxiety, fear, anger, depression and loneliness were more likely to have cats with behavioral issues. Such cats display more aggressive and anxious behavioral styles as well as more stress related sickness. They will alsomore likely to have an ongoing medical condition and be overweight. The research also found that mentally well-adjusted owners had come from happier and healthier cats. Researchers explained that many owners regard their pets as a family member and form close social bonds with them. (17) The majority of owners want to provide the best care for their pets and is therefore possible that pets could be affected by the way their owners interact with and manage them. The study highlights an important relationship between our personalities and the well-being of our pets. (18) Further research is needed to investigate the cause of nature of this relationship and look at how owners’personalities are directly influencing their pet’s behavior and well-being. It is possible that the well-being of pets is driven by the underlying nature of the owner not simply by their conscious decisions and behaviors.16. What do we learn from the new study by the University of Lincoln?17. What does the passage say most pet owners want to do?18. What does the passage say it’s still needed to understand the effects of owners’personalities on their pets?Passage Two(19) One 50-minute run can add seven hours to your life. This was a claim made by The Times last week. The claim was based on a new review of studies about the effects of running. The review concluded that an average runners livethree years longer than non-runners and that running does more to extend life than any other form of exercise. But there’s more to running than its health benefits. (20) Research published in recent years have shown that running changes your brain and mind in some fascinating ways from increasing your brain function to regulating your emotions. However, the precise effects vary according to whether you engage in short fast running or long distance running. For example, in one study, researchers compared participants’ability to learn new words after several minutes of intense running, and after 40 minutes of gentle running, participants were able to learn 20 percent faster after the intense running and they showed a superior memory when tested again a week later. In another study, researchers asked volunteers to jog for 30 minutes and then showed them clips from a sad movie. Participants who usually struggled to handle negative emotions were more intensely affected by the sad clips just as you’d expect. But crucially, this was less so if they had completed the 30 minutes jog. (21) The researchers said moderate exercise appears to have helped those participants to be less vulnerable to the impact of the sad movie.19. What did the new review of studies claim?20. What is one effect that running has on people according to recent research?21. What did another study find about the participant after they had a 30 minutes jog?Passage ThreeWelcome to the tour of the Hill House. This house built in 1904 is one of the most well-known works of Charles Hill, the famous architect. It was designed and built for local entrepreneur and his family. Before starting the tour, let me give you a brief introduction about the design of this amazing building. (23) Prior to beginning his design, the architect spends sometime in the client’s old home, observing their life and studying their habits. This meant that he could design the house according to the needs of the family. (24) The client’s main desire was to have a home with unique design, so the architect was given complete freedom. The building style is radically different from what was the fashion of the period. At the time, most large homes were constructed of timber and brick. This one, however, is made of concrete, a novel construction material in those days. The interior of the house, including the fittings and furniture, was also designed by the same person. Most of the furniture you will see is original and in good condition. However, (25) both pieces in the children’s bedrooms are copies built to the designs of the architect. Fortunately, all the blueprints for both the building and its contents have been preserved, so we’ve been able to replace badly damaged furniture. Let’s begin our tour, starting from the rooms.22. What do we learn about the speaker?He is the guide of the tour.23. What dis the architect do before beginning his design?24. What did the architect’s client mainly want?25. What do we learn about the pieces of furniture in the children’s bedrooms?2、选词填空∶It is commonly believed that the great English dramatist and poet.26.E)exact27.C)conclusively28.L)scarcity29.H)position30.Jprobably31.B)classical32.M)senior33.D)emergence34.A)captured35.I)precision3、信息匹配：How to not be boring36.(F) The most interesting people aren't those who've gone on some Eal,Pray,Love jourmey to find themsclves.Instead,Pirson says,they're those who examine the ordinary.37.(J)Of course, it's possible to be a fountain of knowledge and a boring person,says public relations consultant Andrea Pass.Paying attention to the listener is an important part of。
大学英语四级信息匹配Word版
大学英语四、六级考试信息匹配题阅读训练Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraph. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage 1Surviving the RecessionA)America’s recession began quietly at the end of 2007. Since then ithas evolved into a global crisis. Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame. Financiers who were not as clever as they thought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work? Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicians who thoughtlessly promoted home-ownership for those who could not afford it? All are guilt; and what a mess they have created.B)Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs. More than 15% of theworkforce are jobless or underemployed—roughly 25 million workers.The only industries swelling their payrolls are health care, utilities and the federal government. The value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its peak in October 2007 to a low in March this year, though it has since bounded back somewhat. Industrial production fell by 12.8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World War. Mark Zandi, an economist at Moody’s , predicts that the recession will shrink America’s economy by 3.5% in total. “For most executives, this is the worst business environment they’ve ever seen.”C)Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts. Median （中位数的）pay for chief executives of S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008.The overthrown business giants of Wall Street took the biggest knock, with average pay cuts of 38% and median bonuses of zero. But there was some pain for everyone: median pay for chief executives of non-financial firms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%.D)Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell. For example, Arne Sorenson,the president of Marriott hotel, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after September 11th, 2001. When the twin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling. Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues per room falling by 25%. This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is “putting the same numbers on the board”, says Mr. Sorenson.E)Other industries have suffered even more. Large numbers of builders,property firms and retailershave gone bankrupt. And a disaster has hit Detroit. Last year the American car industry had the capacity to make 17 million vehicles.Sales in 2009 could be barely half of that. The Big Three American carmakers—General Motors, Ford and Chrysler—accumulated ruinous costs over the post-war years, such as gold-plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as 48. All three are desperately restructuring. Only Ford may survive in its current form.F)Hard times breed hard feeling. Few Americans understand what causedthe recession. Some are seeking scapegoats （替罪羊）. Politicians are happy to take advantage. Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scolded on live television. The president condemns their greed. G)Business folks are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant.Meetings at resorts are suddenly unacceptable. Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at the last minute and rebooked it in San Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun. H)Anyway, the pain will eventually end. American business will regainits shine. Many firms will die, but the survivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before. The financial sector’s share of the economy will shrink, and stay shrunk for years to come. The importance of non-financial firms will accordingly rise, along with their ability to attract the best talent. America will remain the best place on earth to do business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the temptation to interfere too much, and so long as organized labors does not overplay its hand.I)Mr. Obama’s plan to curb carbon dioxide emissions （排放）, thoughnecessary, will be far from cost-free, whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest. The shift to a low-carbon economy will help some firms, hurt others and require every organization that uses much energy to rethink how it operates. It is harder to predict how Mr.Obama’s proposed reforms to the failing health-care system will turn out. If he succeeds in curbing costs—a big if—it would be a huge gain for America. Some business will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be captured by workers, not their employers.J)In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, careful of debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what customers want. They will include plenty of names no one has yet heard of.K)Times change, and corporations change with them. In 1955 Time’s Man of the Year was Harlow Curtice, the boss of GM. His firm was leading America towards “a new economic order”, the magazine wrote. Thanks to men like Curtice, “the bonds of scarcity” had been broken and America was rolling “to an all-time high of prosperity”. Soon, Americans would need to spend“comparatively little time earning a living”.L)Half a century later GM is a typical example for poor management. In March its chief executive was fired by Time’s current Man of the Year, Mr. Obama. The government now backs up the domestic car industry, lending it money and overseeing its turnaround plans. With luck, this will be short-lived. But there is a danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other parts of the economy.And clever as Mr. Obama’s advisers are, history suggests they will be bad at this.1.The America’s recession affected the hotel industry as badly as the9/11 terrorist attack.2.Businessmen are trying to avoid seeming wasteful in response to therecession.3.In the near future, a thriving business will go with cautiousmanagement tactics.4.Much doubt remains whether the Obama administration will do well inmicromanaging the America’s economy.5. A combination of causes is responsible for the current Americanrecession, which began in 2007.6.The government is not supposed to interfere too much in Americanbusinesses.7.The big Three American carmakers need restructuring to survive due totheir accumulation of the ruinous costs over the post-war years.8.In March, GM”s chief executive was fired by Obama for poor management.9.According to the author, Obama’s plan to limit carbon dioxideemissions will by no means be inexpensive.10.At the worst time, the total value of listed shares in American firmsshrank by fifty-seven percent.(D G J L A H E L I B)Passage twoSmall schools RisingA)This year’s list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, thosewith fewer students are flourishing.B)Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big,modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands.As baby boomers（二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人）came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies（官僚机构）,the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students. SAT scores began droppingin 1963; today, on average, 30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods.While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary (and some middle) schools, high schools for a variety of reason seemed to have made little progress.C)Size isn’t everything, but it does matter, and the past decade hasseen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due, in part, to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1000 small schools—most of them with about 400 kids each, with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade. About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the county are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schools and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet, with 383, which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery（抽签）, such as H.B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.D)Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif., is one of those, rankingNo. 423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek’s annual ranking of America’s top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating classes smaller than 100 students.This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.E)Although many of Hillsdale’s students came from wealthy households,by the late 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname “Hillsjail”. Jeff Gibert, a Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, “How did that student graduated?”F)So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three “houses”, romanticallynamed Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly assigned to one of the houses, where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of “advisory”classes. Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students’ success.“We’re constantly talking about one another’s advisers,” says English teacher Chris Crockett. “If you hear that yours isn’t doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean’s office, it’s like a personal failure.” Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95. “It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics,” says Gilbert. “Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them.”But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will bea cure-all solution.G)The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as inyears past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years the system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it’s easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they’d like.H)Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38superintendents（地区教育主管）from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation. “It is impossible to know which high schools are ‘the best’in the nation,”their letter read, in part. “Determining whether different schools do or don’t offera high quality of education requires a look at many different measures,including students’overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities.”I)In the end the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought,which is, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here; we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to make tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won’t be necessary.1.In practical use, simplicity is still considered a strength ofNewsweek’s school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.2.As a result setting up big schools, students’ performance declined.3.Newsweek ranked high schools according to their college-level testparticipation.4.Half a century ago, big, modern, suburban high schools were establishedto ensure efficient education for baby boomers.5.It is agreed that qualified teachers, better services andencouragement are keys to reaching the ultimate goal of school education.6.The most noticeable trend in high school education is the splittingof large schools into smaller ones.7.It is still unknown whether smaller schools will be a solution to alleducational problems.8.High schools funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation are smallin size.9.Different measures should be used in assessing the quality of schooleducation.10.The “advisory” classes at Hillsdale were set up so that studentscould maintain closer relationship with their teachers.(G B D B I C F C H F)Passage 3.HighwaysA)Early in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U.S.were made of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate（容纳）automobiles.B)With the increase in auto production, private turnpike（收费公路）companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I. roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. army’s first transcontinental motor convoy （车队）, he noted: “The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.”C)It would take another war before the federal government would act ona national highway system. During World War II, a tremendous increasein trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen percent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost allother plants shipped more than half oftheir products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33920 miles, and congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria.D)The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has beenhailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century.To build its 44000-mile web of highways, bridges, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out.Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America.E)Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as HaleBoggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHeny in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nation’s physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.F)Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. withCanada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half of all other U.S. roads (.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 per 100 million on all other roads).G)By opening the North American continent, highways have enabledconsumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in term of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.H)The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation’seconomic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent the nation’s freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most productsthat arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the America economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.I)By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads,residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: “Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear —United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.”1.Many of the problems presented by the country’s geographical featuresfound solutions in innovative engineering projects.2. A century ago, there were almost no national standards for paved roadsin the U.S.3.The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition ofhis vision and leadership.4.General Eisenhower felt that the broad motorways made more sense thanthe two-lane highways of America.5.It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took actionto build a national highway system.6.Under safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways ismuch lower than that of other American roads.7.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than seventy-fivepercent of the freight in U.S.8.Thanks to the highways, American people can go anywhere they likearound the country.9.To a certain extent, the development of interstate highway system inAmerica has promoted the nation’s economic growth.10.In terms of highway construction, the whole world was influenced bythe U.S.(D B I B D F H G H E)Passage 4The MagicianThe revolution that Steve Jobs led is only just beginningA)When it came to putting on a show, nobody else in the computer industry,or any other industry for that matter, could match Steve Jobs. His product launches, at which he would stand alone on a black stage andproduce as if by magic an“incredible”new electronic gadget （小器具）in front of an amazed crowd, were the performances of a master showman. All computers do is fetch and work with numbers, he once explained, but do it fast enough and “the results appear to be magic”. Mr. Jobs, who died recently aged 56, spent his life packaging the magic into elegantly designed, easy-to-use products.B)The reaction to his death, with people leaving candles and flowersoutside Apple stores and politicians singing praises on the internet, is proof that Mr. Jobs had become something much more significant than just a clever money-maker. He stood out in three ways—as a technologist, as a corporate leader and as somebody who was able to make people love what had previously been impersonal, functional gadgets. Strangely, it is this last quality that may have the deepest effect on the way people live. The era of personal technology is in many ways just beginning.C)As a technologist, Mr. Jobs was different because he was not an engineer—and that was his great strength. Instead he was keenly interested in product design and aesthetics（美学）, and in making advanced technology simple to use. He repeatedly took an existing but half-formed idea—the mouse-driven computer, the digital music player, the smartphone, the tablet computer（平板电脑）—and showed the rest of the industry how to do it properly. Rival firms competed with each other to follow where he led. In the process he brought about great changes in computing, music, telecoms and the news business that were painful for existing firms but welcomed by millions of consumers. D)Within the wider business world, a man who liked to see himself as ahippy, permanently in revolt against big companies, ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time. That was partly due to his talents: showmanship, strategic vision, an astonishing attention to detail and a dictatorial management style which many bosses must have envied. But most of all it was the extraordinary trajectory（轨迹）of his life. His fall from grace in the 1980s, followed by his return to Apple in 1996 after a period in the wilderness, is an inspiration to any businessperson whose career has taken a turn for the worse. The way in which Mr. Jobs revived the failing company he had co-founded and turned it into the world’s biggest tech firm (bigger even than Bill Gate’s Microsoft, the company that had outsmarted Apple so dramatically in the 1980s), sounds like something from a Hollywood movie.E)But what was perhaps most astonishing about Mr. Jobs was the absoluteloyalty he managed to inspire in customers. Many Apple users feel themselves to be part of a community, with Mr. Jobs as its leader. And there was indeed a personal link. Apple’s products were designed to accord with the boss’s taste and to meet his extremely high standards. Every iPhone or MacBook has his fingerprints all over it. His great achievement was to combine an emotional spark with computer technology, and make the resulting product feel personal. And that is what put Mr. Jobs on the right side of history, as technological innovation has moved into consumer electronics over the past decade.F)As our special report in this issue (printed before Mr. Job s’s death)explains, innovation used to spill over from military and corporate laboratories to the consumer market, but lately this process has gone into reverse. Many people’s homes now have more powerful, and more flexible, devices than their offices do; consumer gadgets and online services are smarter and easier to use than most companies’systems.Familiar consumer products are being adopted by businesses, government and the armed forces. Companies are employing in-house versions of Facebook and creating their own “app stores”to deliver software to employees. Doctors use tablet computers for their work in hospitals.Meanwhile, the number of consumers hungry for such gadgets continues to swell. Apple’s products are now being snapped up in Delhi and Dalian just as in Dublin and Dallas.G)Mr. Jobs had a reputation as a control freak（怪人）, and his criticscomplained that the products and systems he designed were closed and inflexible, in the name of greater ease of use. Yet he also empowered millions of people by giving them access to cutting-edge technology.His insistence on putting users first, and focusing on elegance and simplicity, has become deep-rooted in his own company, and is spreading to rival firms too. It is no longer just at Apple that designers ask: “What would Steve Jobs do?”H)The gap between Apple and other tech firms is only likely to narrow.This week’s announcement of a new iPhone by a management team led by Tim Cook, who replaced Mr. Jobs as chief executive in August, was generally regarded as competent but uninspiring. Without Mr. Jobs to shower his star dust on the event, it felt like just another product launch from just another technology firm. At the recent unveiling ofa tablet computer by Jeff Bezos of Amazon, whose company is doing thebest job of following Apple’s lead in combining hardware, software, content and services in an easy-to-use bundle, there were several attacks at Apple. But by doing his best to imitate Mr. Jobs, Mr. Bezos also flattered him. With Mr. Jobs gone, Apple is just one of many technology firms trying to arouse his uncontrollable spirit in new products.I)Mr. Jobs was said by an engineer in the early years of Apple to emita “reality distortion（扭曲）field”, such were his powers ofpersuasion. But in the end he created a reality of his own, channeling the magic of computing into products that reshaped entire industries.The man who said in his youth that he wanted to“put a ding in the universe” did just that.1.Steve Jobs was obsessed with elegant and user-friendly gadgets, whichwas his great strength.2.In spite of the user-friendliness of Apple products, criticscomplained that they were closed and inflexible.3.Steve Jobs fulfilled his promise and had succeeded in redefining theproducts in computer industries.4.Steve Jobs started the era of personal technology, which has a profoundimpact on people’s way of life.5.Steve Jobs was thought highly of by leaders of many large companiesfor his achievements and personal charm.6.Integrating the easy-to-use elements to the utmost, Amazon has becomethe best Apple follower many technology firms.7.Apple’s products are very popular in many industries and places,bringing much comfort and convenience to people’s life and work. 8.No one can be compared with Steve Jobs in showmanship in the computerindustry or any other related industries.9.Having so many faithful users was the most amazing part of Steve Job s’success.10.For those who have suffered failures in business, Steve Jobs’ lifeexperience serves as an inspiration.(C G I B D H F A E D)Passage 5Should Sugar Be Regulated like Alcohol and Tobacco?A)Sugar poses enough health risks that it should be considered acontrolled substance just like alcohol and tobacco, argue a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).In an opinion piece called “The Toxic Truth About Sugar” published Feb. 1 in Nature, Robert Lustig, Laura Schmidt and Claire Brindis argue that it’s wrong to consider sugar just “empty calories.”They write: “There is nothing empty about these calories. A growing body of scientific evidence is showing that fructose（果糖）can trigger processes that lead to liver toxicity and a host of other chronic diseases. A little is not a problem, but a lot kills—slowly.”B)Almost everyone’s heard of—or personally experienced—thewell-known sugar high, so perhaps the comparison between sugar and alcohol or tobacco shouldn’t come as a surprise. But it’s doubtful that Americans will look favorably upon regulating their favorite vice.We’re a nation that’s sweet on sugar: the average U.S. adult downs22 teaspoons of sugar a day, according to the American HeartAssociation, and surveys have found that teens swallow 34 teaspoons.。
大学英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题及答案解析(2)
大学英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题及答案解析(2)导读：本文大学英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题及答案解析(2)，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
Section BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each smtement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.1ndentify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Creative Book Report Ideas A.Are you at a loss for creative book report ideas for your students?If yes.then this article will help you make reading and reviewing books more creative for your class.In an age of PSPs，Xbox，anime and gaming arcades，reading has lost its foothold in the list of hobbies that children tend to cite.Most of the reading that kids do today,comes in the form of compulsory books that they need to read for school and maybe that is the reason they find reading to be an insurmountable and boring task.If you want to inculcate the love for languages and literary masterpieces in your students and want them to devour books everyone should read，then a good way of going about the same would be to get them to start working on creative book report ideas.While working on creative ideas for book reports，your students will have to understand the book in a way that allows them to come up with new ways to present to the class，the essence of the book.B.As a teachel while egging your students to activate their creative gray cells.you will have to help them out with basic ideas that they can work on.Depending on the age bracket that your students belong to，the creative book report ideas will vary.This is so，not just because of the varying attention spans that children of various age groups posses but also because of the amount of work that kids can put into the report.While a middle school student wiIl be comfortable handling a handy cam，a student from elementary school will be more fascinated if he is working with paints and puppets.So do you want to know how to write a book report creatively?In this article.we will list out for you，a couple of good creative book report ideas for elementary students and for middle school students.C.A book report sandwich is a good creative idea for book reports.As a teacher you can get drawings of a sandwich on sheets of Paper that are of the color of the ingredients of your sandwich，for example，a cream sheet of paper to resemble mayonnaise，red to represent tomato and likewise.Ob.viously,each ingredient should be cut in a way that when assembled together,it looks like a sandwich.Now,give each of your students one of these book sandwiches to create their book report.It can start with the name of the book and the author’s name on the top slice of the sandwich.The second ingredient can have the summary of the book on it.Each subsequent ingredient can have a description of the main characters，the setting of the book，the plot，and then his or her views about the book.Once they are done with their book reports，they can staple the book sandwich together and then，you can create a class bulletin board with all the book report sandwiches on display.D.One of the good techniques to retell a story,it is also one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students.The job that the student will have is to read the book and then pick a few objects at his/her home which will allow him/her to retell the story in a way that makes it interesting for his/ her audience.Every time he/she picks out an object from the bag to report the book he/she has read，there has to be a valid connection between the book and the object，which the student can first ask the audience to guess and then go ahead and explain it.This idea is spin—off on the normal show and tells and allows for an interactive book report session.E.This is one of the creative ideas for book reports in which.as the teacher, you will have to divideyour class into groups and give them one book each.The students can then read the book and get together and write a play and act it out for the class.To give a deeper insight into the book，one of the students can play the role of the author and as a group，the students can try and recreate the thought Drocess of the author.The student playing the role of the author can then interrupt the play at lmportant iunctllres and talk about the reasons for these twists in the play and how he/she came up with these plot lines.F.As a voung adult，your student’s fascination may go beyond the immediate concerns of the book.He/she may want to understand the circumstances in which the book was written，the times then，the events happening in the world and get the author’s perspective about the book.Encourage your students to mink on those lines.Divide the class into pairs and give each pair one book to read.Let them then do the roles of the author and a journalist.You can have an interview session in front of the class.enabling them todissect the book and get a peek into the author’s world.G.In a technology—obsessed world，it maybe a very tiny minority of your class that does not get excited with the Drospect of shooting a film.One of the best creative book report ideas for middle school，you will need to divide the class into groups and give them at least two months to adapt the book that thev have been assigned，into a film.The movie should have a well—adapted screenplay,and allother prerequisites，like a lighting engineer,sound engineer, costume designer,etc.At the end of the given time，the film can be screened in front of the class and then discussed.H.If you are on the lookout for good individual creative book report ideas，then this one could be for you.Assign every student a book and then ask them to start maintaining a diary,from the author’sDoint of vie w.Ask them to come up with imaginary incidents from the author’s life and use historical events to explain why the author wrote the book in a certain manner.Alternately, you can also ask your students to give a surrogate ending to the story.I)、These are just few of the options that you could use to inspire your students to come up with creative book report ideas.As kids we tend to be more imaginative and creative .Encourage your students to mink om of the box and appreciate them for their efforts.This will help you have a class that is not only lively and inquisitive by nature but also a class that will cultivate a love for words.46.11eachers can create a class bulletin board to display all the book report sandwiches after their students finish their reports.47.Adopting the method of knowing your author,teachers can encourage students to think beyond the immediate concerns of the book.48.Asking me students to write from their own point of view is suitable for teachers who are on the lookout for good individual creative book report ideas.49.Retelling a story is one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students and it tells and allows for an interactive book report session.50.Nowadays，most of book children read are those they need to read for school.51.Teachers tend to be more imaginative and creative as kids.52.While working on creative ideas for book reports，students will have to understand the book.53.The creative book report ideas vary according to ages because children in different age groups have different attention span.54.If teachers ask their students to shoot a film about a book，they should give them no fewer than two months.55.Teachers have to divide their class into groups and give them one book each is a good creative book report ideas.46.Teachers can create a class bulletin board to display all the book report sandwiches after their students finish their reports.在学生完成他们的读书报告后，老师可以设立一个班级布告板，把所有的三明治读书报告展示出来。
12月英语四级信息匹配答案解析(三套全)
20XX年12月英语四级信息匹配答案解析（三套全）英语四级信息匹配答案解析第一套The Perfect Essay46. I 该选项明确提到“She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures of speech”。
47. C 该选项谈论的就是作者母亲对他过于得意的形象的批评，并且指出了他“看似完美”的*中的很多缺陷。
48. K 在该选项中指出，想要写出“没有缺陷”的*很难，但是我们不能放弃“不断完善”的过程，不断地接近完美理想。
49. E 从该选项最后一句看出“I was not able to produce anything for three years”.50. B 该选项说作者美梦成真(拿到了一个“完美”的评价)，不过他说他只是slightly taken aback，也就是没什么吃惊的。
51. F 该选项明确提到“raise objections against another mans speech， it is a very easy matter; butto produce a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome”。
52. A 该选项描述的就是作者敬佩其母亲，而其母亲正是其英文老师.53. H 该选项中提到其母亲的批评“the type that changed me asa person”.54. J 该选项提到“She trimmed back my flowery language”，最后“slowly my writing improved”。
55. G 该选项最后一句提到“Genuine criticism creates a precious opening for an author to becomebetter on his own terms”。
2023年9月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第2套)
2023年9月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第2套) 一、听力部分（共四个小节，每个小节有5道题）听力部分第1小节：1.What is the man doing?– A. Having a haircut.– B. Waiting for an appointment.– C. Talking to the woman.– D. Buying a ticket.2.What did the woman get at the library?– A. A textbook.– B. A magazine.– C. A lecture note.– D. A library card.3.Where does the conversation probably take place?– A. In a hotel.– B. In a restaurant.– C. In a travel agency.– D. In an airport.4.What are the speakers mainly talking about?– A. A recent movie.– B. A famous actor.– C. An award ceremony.– D. A film review.5.What does the man mean?– A. He doesn’t mind trying the new restaurant.– B. He has already been to the new restaurant.– C. It’s not worth going to the new restaurant.– D. He doesn’t feel like going to the new restaurant.听力部分第2小节：6.What is the probable relationship between speakers?– A. Family members.– B. Classmates.– C. Strangers.– D. Colleagues.7.Where does the conversation most likely take place?– A. In a classroom.– B. In a library.– C. In a bookstore.– D. In a coffee shop.8.What does the man suggest the woman should do?– A. Buy a new computer.– B. Get her computer repaired.– C. Upgrade her computer’s software.– D. Take her computer to a technician.9.What does the woman mean?– A. She has no plants at home.– B. She will go to the botanical garden.– C. She can’t find many plants at the garden.– D. She enjoyed her visit to the botanical garden.10.What are the speakers mainly discussing?– A. The course schedule.– B. The professor’s office hours.– C. The required textbooks.– D. The exam dates.听力部分第3小节：11.Why does the man want to leave the organization?– A. He is not happy with his current position.– B. He wants to start his own business.– C. He has found a better job opportunity.– D. He doesn’t like the organization’s policies.12.What does the man mean?– A. He wants to go downtown with the woman.– B. He doesn’t mind staying home tonight.– C. He will have to go downtown for a meeting.– D. He wants to avoid going downtown.13.What does the man imply?– A. The woman should ask someone else for help.– B. He is not sure about the answer either.– C. He has already asked someone for the answer.– D. The woman should ask the professor for help.14.Why does the man ask about the woman’s weekend plan?– A. He wants to make plans with the woman.– B. He is curious about the woman’s hobbies.– C. He wants to know if the woman can help him.– D. He needs someone to babysit his children.15.What does the woman mean?– A. She enjoys classical music more.– B. She prefers going to live concerts.– C. She has never been to a concert before.– D. She is not interested in classical music.听力部分第4小节：16.Why is the woman calling the man?– A. To confirm a meeting time.– B. To cancel a meeting.– C. To ask for directions.– D. To reschedule a meeting.17.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?– A. Colleagues.– B. Teacher and student.– C. Friends.– D. Strangers.18.What does the man imply?– A. He prefers jogging alone.– B. He has a jogging partner.– C. He wants to go jogging with the woman.– D. He doesn’t like jogging.19.What is the main topic of the conversation?– A. Favorite sports.– B. Exercise routines.– C. Weekend plans.– D. Healthy lifestyles.20.How does the woman feel about the new restaurant?– A. Excited.– B. Impressed.– C. Disappointed.– D. Surprised.二、阅读部分（共两篇文章，每篇文章后有5道题）阅读部分第1篇文章：Basketball Tips for BeginnersBasketball is a popular and exciting sport that many people enjoy playing. If you’re a beginner who wants to get better at basketball, here are some helpful tips for you:1.Develop basic skills: Start by learning andpracticing the basic skills of basketball, such as dribbling,shooting, passing, and rebounding. These fundamental skills will form the foundation of your basketball abilities.2.Improve your fitness: Basketball requires you to be physically fit. Work on your strength, stamina, agility, and speed through regular exercise and training.3.Practice consistently: Consistent practice is key to improvement. Set aside regular time to practice your basketball skills. Whether it’s shooting practice or working on your footwork, consistency will help you progress faster.4.Play with others: Join a basketball team or find friends to play with. Playing with others will not only improve your teamwork skills but also give you the opportunity to practice in a game-like setting.5.Watch and learn: Watch professional basketball games and learn from the best players. Observe their techniques, strategies, and movements. This will help you understand the game better and pick up new skills.6.Stay motivated: Basketball can be challenging at times, but don’t let obstacles discourage you. Stay motivated and focused on your goals. Remember that practice and perseverance are essential for improvement.7.What is the article mainly about?– A. The history of basketball.– B. Advanced basketball techniques.– C. Tips for beginners to improve at basketball.– D. The benefits of playing basketball.8.According to the article, which of the following is NOT a basic skill in basketball?– A. Dribbling.– B. Shooting.– C. Running.– D. Passing.9.How can beginners improve their fitness for basketball?– A. By watching professional basketball games.– B. By playing with others regularly.– C. By practicing consistently.– D. By learning new skills.10.Why does the article recommend playing with others?– A. To have fun.– B. To practice teamwork.– C. To watch professional basketball games.– D. To improve fitness.11.What should beginners do when facing challenges inbasketball?– A. Give up.– B. Watch and learn.– C. Join a basketball team.– D. Stay motivated and focused.阅读部分第2篇文章：The Benefits of Time ManagementTime management is a skill that can greatly improve the quality of your life. Here are some benefits of practicing good time management:1.Increased productivity: Effective timemanagement allows you to work more efficiently andaccomplish more within a given time period. By settingpriorities and allocating time for different tasks, you canmake the most of your time and avoid wasting it.2.Reduced stress: Poor time management often leadsto stress and anxiety. When you feel overwhelmed by a long to-do list and limited time, it can be hard to stay calm andfocused. By managing your time properly, you can reduce stress and have a better work-life balance.3.Improved decision-making: Time management helps you make better decisions by giving you a clear overview of your tasks and deadlines. When you have a good sense of how much time you have for each task, you can prioritize effectively and make informed choices.4.More free time: Effective time management allows you to have more free time to pursue your hobbies, spend time with loved ones, or simply relax. By efficiently completing your tasks and managing your time well, you can create a better balance between work and leisure.5.Personal growth: Practicing good time management can lead to personal growth and development. It helps you become more organized, disciplined, and self-motivated. These qualities can benefit you in various aspects of life, not just in managing your time.6.What is the main purpose of the article?– A. To explain the concept of time management.– B. To provide tips on how to manage time effectively.– C. To discuss the benefits of time management.– D. To present case studies on timemanagement.7.According to the article, what is one benefit of effective time management?– A. Increased stress.– B. Limited productivity.– C. Better work-life balance.– D. Poor decision-making.8.How does time management help with decision-making?– A. By reducing stress and anxiety.– B. By giving an overview of tasks and deadlines.– C. By creating a better work-life balance.– D. By providing more free time.9.What can be inferred from the article about personal growth?– A. Personal growth is not related to time management.– B. Time management only benefits work-related aspects.– C. Time management leads to moreproductivity but not personal growth.– D. Time management develops qualities that can benefit various aspects of life.10.What is the article’s stance on time management?– A. Time management is essential for aproductive and fulfilling life.– B. Time management is a waste of time.– C. Time management is only useful for work-related tasks.– D. Time management is a concept that is difficult to understand.三、写作部分（共两个写作任务，分别为一篇看图写作和一篇议论文）写作部分第1个写作任务：看图写作根据下面的图片，请你用英语写一篇短文。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Definitions of ObesityA) How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.B) The World Health Organization recommends usinga formula that takes into account a person's height and weight. The "Body Mass Index" (BMI) is calculated by dividing the person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.C) However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.Health Effects of ObesityD) Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person's physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 ("mature onset diabetes") and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The associationbetween obesity and coronary heart disease is alsowell-known.CancerE) Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.F) The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman's menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.G) The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!AgingH) Research published by St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman's biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. Thecombination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman’s biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.I) The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat, and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.DementiaJ) Recent research (2005) conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased riskof dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.K) Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affectlifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.Other ProblemsL) The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency Caesarean section.M) This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.对应题目：1. You can judge whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage according to the height-weight table.2. Using the "Body Mass Index"to define a person's weight ideal is limited, because it does not takes into account many variables such as age, gender and ethnic origin.3. A person's emotional well-being would be affected by obesity.4. Obesity has something to do with cancer in the prostate gland for man.5. Women from less affluent nations tend to have much less breast cancer.6. A non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added7.4 years to her biological age.7. The excess body fat, like the chemicals present in tobacco smoke, can lead to inflammation.8. Obese people in middle age run an increased risk of dementia .9. The predictive test for dementia will help people to affect lifestyle changes that will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.10. The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, will possibly drain economies.参考答案：1. A2. C3. D4. E5. F6. H7. I8. J9. K 10. L。