2016年呼和浩特市中考真题
2016年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考历史试卷-答案
内蒙古省呼和浩特市2016年中考试卷历史答案解析第Ⅰ卷一、选择题1.【答案】D【解析】由材料中“对信息的记录、储存和传播,影响最显著、最久远”并结合所学知识可知,四大发明中,只有造纸术有这样的作用,造纸术的发明是我国人民对世界文化的巨大贡献。
故答案选D。
【考点】造纸术2.【答案】C【解析】魏晋南北朝时期,为了宣传佛教,北朝的统治者令人在许多地方劈山削崖,开凿石窟,雕造佛像。
无数优秀工匠的创作,留下了精湛而辉煌的石窟艺术。
河南洛阳的龙门石窟便是此时开凿的著名石窟。
故答案选C。
【考点】龙门石窟3.【答案】B【解析】《马关条约》签订的消息传到北京,应试的举人们在康有为的领导下发起了公车上书。
A,C项应是事件在前,条约在后。
D项中国并未在《凡尔赛和约》上签字。
故答案选B。
【考点】不平等条约产生的影响4.【答案】C【解析】洋务运动学习的是西方的科学技术,属于器物,它推动了中国近代化的开端。
而戊戌变法和辛亥革命主张学习的是西方的政治制度,新文化运动主张学习西方的思想。
所以近代中国向西方学习经历了从器物到制度再到思想的过程。
故答案选C。
【考点】近代中国向西方学习的历程5.【答案】A【解析】中国近代史上,国共两党有过两次合作。
第一次出现在国民大革命时期,当时的主要敌人是北洋军阀和帝国主义。
第二次发生在抗日战争时期,由于日本全面侵华,中华民族处于亡国灭种的紧急关头,国共两党再次合作,终于取得了抗日战争的最后胜利。
故答案选A。
【考点】国共合作6.【答案】A【解析】抗日战争期间,为了粉碎敌人的“囚笼”,八路军在彭德怀的指挥下,组织一百多个团,在华北两千多千米的战线上,向日军发动大规模攻击,主要目标是破坏敌人交通线,摧毁日伪军的据点。
百团大战是中国军队主动出击日军的最大规模的战役。
故答案选A。
【考点】百团大战7.【答案】C【解析】题干材料中提到“三十年以来”的“人民革命”指的应该是1919~1949年的新民主主义革命。
2016年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考数学试卷
2016年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考数学试卷一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)互为相反数的两个数的和为()A.0 B.﹣1 C.1 D.2【考点】相反数.【分析】直接利用相反数的定义分析得出答案.【解答】解:互为相反数的两个数的和为:0.故选:A.【点评】此题主要考查了相反数的定义,正确把握定义是解题关键.2.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)将数字“6”旋转180°,得到数字“9”,将数字“9”旋转180°,得到数字“6”,现将数字“69”旋转180°,得到的数字是()A.96 B.69 C.66 D.99【考点】生活中的旋转现象.【分析】直接利用中心对称图形的性质结合69的特点得出答案.【解答】解:现将数字“69”旋转180°,得到的数字是:69.故选:B.【点评】此题主要考查了生活中的旋转现象,正确想象出旋转后图形是解题关键.3.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)下列说法正确的是()A.“任意画一个三角形,其内角和为360°”是随机事件B.已知某篮球运动员投篮投中的概率为0.6,则他投十次可投中6次C.抽样调查选取样本时,所选样本可按自己的喜好选取D.检测某城市的空气质量,采用抽样调查法【考点】概率的意义;全面调查与抽样调查;随机事件.【分析】根据概率是事件发生的可能性,可得答案.【解答】解:A、“任意画一个三角形,其内角和为360°”是不可能事件,故A错误;B、已知某篮球运动员投篮投中的概率为0.6,则他投十次可能投中6次,故B错误;C、抽样调查选取样本时,所选样本要具有广泛性、代表性,故C错误;D、检测某城市的空气质量,采用抽样调查法,故D正确;故选:D.【点评】本题考查了概率的意义,概率是反映事件发生机会的大小的概念,只是表示发生的机会的大小,机会大也不一定发生,机会小也有可能发生.4.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)某企业今年3月份产值为a万元,4月份比3月份减少了10%,5月份比4月份增加了15%,则5月份的产值是()A.(a﹣10%)(a+15%)万元B.a(1﹣90%)(1+85%)万元C.a(1﹣10%)(1+15%)万元D.a(1﹣10%+15%)万元【考点】列代数式.【分析】由题意可得:4月份的产值为:a(1﹣10%),5月份的产值为:4月的产值×(1+15%),进而得出答案.【解答】解:由题意可得:4月份的产值为:a(1﹣10%),5月份的产值为:a(1﹣10%)(1+15%),故选:C.【点评】此题主要考查了列代数式,正确理解增长率的定义是解题关键.5.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)下列运算正确的是()A.a2+a3=a5B.(﹣2a2)3÷()2=﹣16a4C.3a﹣1=D.(2a2﹣a)2÷3a2=4a2﹣4a+1【考点】整式的除法;合并同类项;幂的乘方与积的乘方;负整数指数幂.【分析】分别利用合并同类项法则以及整式的除法运算法则和负整指数指数幂的性质分别化简求出答案.【解答】解:A、a2+a3,无法计算,故此选项错误;B、(﹣2a2)3÷()2=﹣8a6÷=﹣32a4,故此选项错误;C、3a﹣1=,故此选项错误;D、(2a2﹣a)2÷3a2=4a2﹣4a+1,正确.故选:D.【点评】此题主要考查了合并同类项以及整式的除法运算和负整指数指数幂的性质等知识,正确掌握相关运算法则是解题关键.6.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)如图,△ABC是一块绿化带,将阴影部分修建为花圃,已知AB=15,AC=9,BC=12,阴影部分是△ABC的内切圆,一只自由飞翔的小鸟将随机落在这块绿化带上,则小鸟落在花圃上的概率为()A.B.C.D.【考点】几何概率;三角形的内切圆与内心.【分析】由AB=15,BC=12,AC=9,得到AB2=BC2+AC2,根据勾股定理的逆定理得到△ABC 为直角三角形,于是得到△ABC的内切圆半径==3,求得直角三角形的面积和圆的面积,即可得到结论.【解答】解:∵AB=15,BC=12,AC=9,∴AB2=BC2+AC2,∴△ABC为直角三角形,∴△ABC的内切圆半径==3,∴S△ABC=AC•BC=×12×9=54,S圆=9π,∴小鸟落在花圃上的概率==,故选B.【点评】本题考查了几何概率,直角三角形内切圆的半径等于两直角边的和与斜边差的一半.同时也考查了勾股定理的逆定理.7.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)已知一次函数y=kx+b﹣x的图象与x轴的正半轴相交,且函数值y随自变量x的增大而增大,则k,b的取值情况为()A.k>1,b<0 B.k>1,b>0 C.k>0,b>0 D.k>0,b<0【考点】一次函数图象与系数的关系.【分析】先将函数解析式整理为y=(k﹣1)x+b,再根据图象在坐标平面内的位置关系确定k,b的取值范围,从而求解.【解答】解:一次函数y=kx+b﹣x即为y=(k﹣1)x+b,∵函数值y随x的增大而增大,∴k﹣1>0,解得k>1;∵图象与x轴的正半轴相交,∴b>0.故选A.【点评】本题考查的是一次函数的图象与系数的关系,由于y=kx+b与y轴交于(0,b),当b>0时,(0,b)在y轴的正半轴上,直线与y轴交于正半轴;当b<0时,(0,b)在y 轴的负半轴,直线与y轴交于负半轴.熟知一次函数的增减性是解答此题的关键.8.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)一个几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的表面积为()A.4π B.3π C.2π+4 D.3π+4【考点】由三视图判断几何体.【分析】首先根据三视图判断几何体的形状,然后计算其表面积即可.【解答】解:观察该几何体的三视图发现其为半个圆柱放在一个长方体的上面组成的一个几何体,半圆柱的直径为2,长方体的长为2,宽为1,高为1,故其表面积为:π×12+(π+2)×2=3π+4,故选D.【点评】本题考查了由三视图判断几何体的知识,解题的关键是首先根据三视图得到几何体的形状,难度不大.9.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)如图,面积为24的正方形ABCD中,有一个小正方形EFGH,其中E、F、G分别在AB、BC、FD上.若BF=,则小正方形的周长为()A.B.C.D.【考点】正方形的性质.【分析】先利用勾股定理求出DF,再根据△BEF∽△CFD,得=求出EF即可解决问题.【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD是正方形,面积为24,∴BC=CD=2,∠B=∠C=90°,∵四边形EFGH是正方形,∴∠EFG=90°,∵∠EFB+∠DFC=90°,∠BEF+∠EFB=90°,∴∠BEF=∠DFC,∵∠EBF=∠C=90°,∴△BEF∽△CFD,∴=,∵BF=,CF=,DF==,∴=,∴EF=,∴正方形EFGH的周长为.故选C.【点评】本题考查正方形的性质、相似三角形的判定和性质等知识,解题的关键是正确寻找相似三角形,利用相似三角形的性质解决问题,属于中考常考题型.10.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)已知a≥2,m2﹣2am+2=0,n2﹣2an+2=0,则(m﹣1)2+(n ﹣1)2的最小值是()A.6 B.3 C.﹣3 D.0【考点】根与系数的关系;二次函数的最值.【分析】根据已知条件得到m,n是关于x的方程x2﹣2ax+2=0的两个根,根据根与系数的关系得到m+n=2a,mn=2,于是得到4(a﹣)2﹣3,当a=2时,(m﹣1)2+(n﹣1)2有最小值,代入即可得到结论.【解答】解:∵m2﹣2am+2=0,n2﹣2an+2=0,∴m,n是关于x的方程x2﹣2ax+2=0的两个根,∴m+n=2a,mn=2,∴(m﹣1)2+(n﹣1)2=m2﹣2m+1+n2﹣2n+1=(m+n)2﹣2mn﹣2(m+n)+2=4a2﹣4﹣4a+2=4(a﹣)2﹣3,∵a≥2,∴当a=2时,(m﹣1)2+(n﹣1)2有最小值,∴(m﹣1)2+(n﹣1)2的最小值=4(a﹣)2+3=4(2﹣)2﹣3=6,故选A.【点评】本题考查了根与系数的关系,二次函数的最值,熟练掌握根与系数的关系是解题的关键.二、填空题(本题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分.本题要求把正确结果填在答题卡规定的横线上,不要解答过程)11.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)如图是某市电视台记者为了解市民获取新闻的主要图径,通过抽样调查绘制的一个条形统计图.若该市约有230万人,则可估计其中将报纸和手机上网作为获取新闻的主要途径的总人数大约为151.8万人.【考点】条形统计图;用样本估计总体.【分析】利用样本估计总体的思想,用总人数230万乘以报纸和手机上网的人数所占样本的百分比即可求解.【解答】解:由统计图可知调查的人数为260+400+150+100+90=1000人,所以报纸和手机上网作为获取新闻的主要途径的人数所占百分比=×100%=66%,则该市约有230万人,则可估计其中将报纸和手机上网作为获取新闻的主要途径的总人数大约=230×66%=151.8万,故答案为:151.8.【点评】本题考查读频数分布直方图的能力和利用统计图获取信息的能力,本题用到的知识点是:频率=频数÷总数,用样本估计整体让整体×样本的百分比即可.12.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)已知函数y=﹣,当自变量的取值为﹣1<x<0或x≥2,函数值y的取值y>1或﹣≤y<0.【考点】反比例函数的性质.【分析】画出图形,先计算当x=﹣1和x=2时的对应点的坐标,并描出这两点,根据图象写出y的取值.【解答】解:当x=﹣1时,y=﹣=1,当x=2时,y=﹣,由图象得:当﹣1<x<0时,y>1,当x≥2时,﹣≤y<0,故答案为:y>1或﹣≤y<0.【点评】本题结合图形考查了反比例函数的性质.注意:反比例函数的增减性只指在同一象限内.13.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)在学校组织的义务植树活动中,甲、乙两组各四名同学的植树棵数如下,甲组:9,9,11,10;乙组:9,8,9,10;分别从甲、乙两组中随机选取一名同学,则这两名同学的植树总棵数为19的概率.【考点】列表法与树状图法.【分析】首先根据题意画出树状图,然后由树状图求得所有等可能的结果与两名同学的植树总棵数为19的情况,再利用概率公式即可求得答案.【解答】解:画树状图如图:∵共有16种等可能结果,两名同学的植树总棵数为19的结果有5种结果,∴这两名同学的植树总棵数为19的概率为,故答案为:.【点评】本题考查的是用列表法或画树状图法求概率.列表法或画树状图法可以不重复不遗漏的列出所有可能的结果,列表法适合于两步完成的事件,树状图法适合两步或两步以上完成的事件.注意概率=所求情况数与总情况数之比.14.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)在周长为26π的⊙O中,CD是⊙O的一条弦,AB是⊙O的切线,且AB∥CD,若AB和CD之间的距离为18,则弦CD的长为24.【考点】切线的性质.【分析】如图,设AB与⊙O相切于点F,连接OF,OD,延长FO交CD于点E,首先证明OE⊥CD,在RT△EOD中,利用勾股定理即可解决问题.【解答】解:如图,设AB与⊙O相切于点F,连接OF,OD,延长FO交CD于点E.∵2πR=26π,∴R=13,∴OF=OD=13,∵AB是⊙O切线,∴OF⊥AB,∵AB∥CD,∴EF⊥CD即OE⊥CD,∴CE=ED,∵EF=18,OF=13,∴OE=5,在RT△OED中,∵∠OED=90°,OD=13,OE=5,∴ED===12,∴CD=2ED=24.故答案为24.【点评】本题考查切线的性质、垂径定理、勾股定理等知识,解题的关键是正确添加辅助线,利用垂径定理解决问题,属于中考常考题型.15.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)已知平行四边形ABCD的顶点A在第三象限,对角线AC的中点在坐标原点,一边AB与x轴平行且AB=2,若点A的坐标为(a,b),则点D的坐标为(﹣2﹣a,﹣b)(2﹣a,﹣b).【考点】平行四边形的性质;坐标与图形性质.【分析】根据平行四边形的性质得到CD=AB=2,根据已知条件得到B(2+a,b),或(a﹣2,b),∵由于点D与点B关于原点对称,即可得到结论.【解答】解:当点A、B在y轴异侧时,如图1,∵AB与x轴平行且AB=2,A(a,b),∴B(a+2,b),∵对角线AC的中点在坐标原点,∴点A、C关于原点对称,∵四边形ABCD为平行四边形,∴点B、D关于原点对称,∴D(﹣a﹣2,﹣b);当点A、B在y轴同侧时,如图2,同理可得B(a﹣2,b),则D(﹣a+2,﹣b).故点D的坐标为(﹣a﹣2,﹣b)或(﹣a+2,﹣b).故答案为:(﹣2﹣a,﹣b),(2﹣a,﹣b).【点评】本题考查了平行四边形的性质,坐标与图形的性质,关于原点对称的点的坐标特征,注意分类思想的应用.16.(3分)(2016•呼和浩特)以下四个命题:①对应角和面积都相等的两个三角形全等;②“若x2﹣x=0,则x=0”的逆命题;③若关于x、y的方程组有无数多组解,则a=b=1;④将多项式5xy+3y﹣2x2y因式分解,其结果为﹣y(2x+1)(x﹣3).其中正确的命题的序号为①②③④.【考点】命题与定理.【分析】①正确,根据相似比为1的两个三角形全等即可判断.②正确.写出逆命题即可判断.③正确.根据方程组有无数多组解的条件即可判断.④正确.首先提公因式,再利用十字相乘法即可判断.【解答】解:①正确.对应角相等的两个三角形相似,又因为面积相等,所以相似比为1,所以两个三角形全等,故正确.②正确.理由:“若x2﹣x=0,则x=0”的逆命题为x=0,则x2﹣x=0,故正确.③正确.理由:∵关于x、y的方程组有无数多组解,∴==,∴a=b=1,故正确.④正确.理由:5xy+3y﹣2x2y=﹣y(2x2﹣5x﹣3)=﹣y(2x+1)(x﹣3),故正确.故答案为①②③④.【点评】本题考查命题由定理,相似三角形的定义.全等三角形的定义、方程组的解等知识,解题的关键是灵活运用这些知识解决问题,属于中考常考题型.三、解答题(本题共9小题,满分72分,解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤)17.(10分)(2016•呼和浩特)计算(1)计算:()﹣2+|﹣2|+3tan30°(2)先化简,再求值:﹣÷,其中x=﹣.【考点】分式的化简求值;实数的运算;负整数指数幂;特殊角的三角函数值.【分析】(1)分别根据负整数指数幂的计算法则、绝对值的性质及特殊角的三角函数值计算出各数,再根据实数混合运算的法则进行计算即可;(2)先算除法,再算加减,最后把x的值代入进行计算即可.【解答】解:(1)原式=4+2﹣+3×=6﹣+=6;(2)原式=﹣•=+==,当x=﹣时,原式==﹣.【点评】本题考查的是分式的化简求值,分式求值题中比较多的题型主要有三种:转化已知条件后整体代入求值;转化所求问题后将条件整体代入求值;既要转化条件,也要转化问题,然后再代入求值.18.(6分)(2016•呼和浩特)在一次综合实践活动中,小明要测某地一座古塔AE的高度.如图,已知塔基顶端B(和A、E共线)与地面C处固定的绳索的长BC为80m.她先测得∠BCA=35°,然后从C点沿AC方向走30m到达D点,又测得塔顶E的仰角为50°,求塔高AE.(人的高度忽略不计,结果用含非特殊角的三角函数表示)【考点】解直角三角形的应用-仰角俯角问题.【分析】根据锐角三角函数关系,得出cos∠ACB=,得出AC的长即可;利用锐角三角函数关系,得出tan∠ADE=,求出AE即可.【解答】解:在Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=35°,BC=80m,∴cos∠ACB=,∴AC=80cos35°,在Rt△ADE中,tan∠ADE=,∵AD=AC+DC=80cos35°+30,∴AE=(80cos35°+30)tan50°.答:塔高AE为(80cos35°+30)tan50°m.【点评】此题主要考查了解直角三角形的应用,根据已知正确得出锐角三角函数关系是解题关键.19.(6分)(2016•呼和浩特)已知关于x的不等式组有四个整数解,求实数a的取值范围.【考点】一元一次不等式组的整数解.【分析】分别求出不等式组中两不等式的解集,根据不等式组有四个整数解,即可确定出a 的范围.【解答】解:解不等式组,解不等式①得:x>﹣,解不等式②得:x≤a+4,∵不等式组有四个整数解,∴1≤a+4<2,解得:﹣3≤a<﹣2.【点评】此题考查了一元一次不等式组的整数解,熟练掌握运算法则是解本题的关键.20.(7分)(2016•呼和浩特)在一次男子马拉松长跑比赛中,随机抽得12名选手所用的时间(单位:分钟)得到如下样本数据:140 146 143 175 125 164 134 155 152 168 162 148 (1)计算该样本数据的中位数和平均数;(2)如果一名选手的成绩是147分钟,请你依据样本数据中位数,推断他的成绩如何?【考点】中位数;算术平均数.【分析】(1)根据中位数和平均数的概念求解;(2)根据(1)求得的中位数,与147进行比较,然后推断该选手的成绩.【解答】解:(1)将这组数据按照从小到大的顺序排列为:125,134,140,143,146,148,152,155,162,164,168,175,则中位数为:=150,平均数为:=151;(2)由(1)可得,中位数为150,可以估计在这次马拉松比赛中,大约有一半选手的成绩快于150分钟,有一半选手的成绩慢于150分钟,这名选手的成绩为147分钟,快于中位数150分钟,可以推断他的成绩估计比一半以上选手的成绩好.【点评】本题考查了中位数和平均数的概念:将一组数据按照从小到大(或从大到小)的顺序排列,如果数据的个数是奇数,则处于中间位置的数就是这组数据的中位数;如果这组数据的个数是偶数,则中间两个数据的平均数就是这组数据的中位数;平均数是指在一组数据中所有数据之和再除以数据的个数.21.(7分)(2016•呼和浩特)已知,如图,△ACB和△ECD都是等腰直角三角形,∠ACB=∠ECD=90°,D为AB边上一点.(1)求证:△ACE≌△BCD;(2)求证:2CD2=AD2+DB2.【考点】全等三角形的判定与性质.【分析】(1)本题要判定△ACE≌△BCD,已知△ACB和△ECD都是等腰直角三角形,∠ACB=∠ECD=90°,则DC=EA,AC=BC,∠ACB=∠ECD,又因为两角有一个公共的角∠ACD,所以∠BCD=∠ACE,根据SAS得出△ACE≌△BCD.(2)由(1)的论证结果得出∠DAE=90°,AE=DB,从而求出AD2+DB2=DE2,即2CD2=AD2+DB2.【解答】证明:(1)∵△ABC和△ECD都是等腰直角三角形,∴AC=BC,CD=CE,∵∠ACB=∠DCE=90°,∴∠ACE+∠ACD=∠BCD+∠ACD,∴∠ACE=∠BCD,在△ACE和△BCD中,,∴△AEC≌△BDC(SAS);(2)∵△ACB是等腰直角三角形,∴∠B=∠BAC=45度.∵△ACE≌△BCD,∴∠B=∠CAE=45°∴∠DAE=∠CAE+∠BAC=45°+45°=90°,∴AD2+AE2=DE2.由(1)知AE=DB,∴AD2+DB2=DE2,即2CD2=AD2+DB2.【点评】本题考查了全等三角形的判定与性质,等腰直角三角形的性质,以及等角的余角相等的性质,熟记各性质是解题的关键.22.(7分)(2016•呼和浩特)某一公路的道路维修工程,准备从甲、乙两个工程队选一个队单独完成.根据两队每天的工程费用和每天完成的工程量可知,若由两队合做此项维修工程,6天可以完成,共需工程费用385200元,若单独完成此项维修工程,甲队比乙队少用5天,每天的工程费用甲队比乙队多4000元,从节省资金的角度考虑,应该选择哪个工程队?【考点】分式方程的应用.【分析】设甲队单独完成此项工程需要x天,乙队单独完成需要(x+5)天,然后依据6天可以完成,列出关于x的方程,从而可求得甲、乙两队单独完成需要的天数,然后设甲队每天的工程费为y元,则可表示出乙队每天的工程费,接下来,根据两队合作6天的工程费用为385200元列方程求解,于是可得到两队独做一天各自的工程费,然后可求得完成此项工程的工程费,从而可得出问题的答案.【解答】解:设甲队单独完成此项工程需要x天,乙队单独完成需要(x+5)天.依据题意可列方程:+=,解得:x1=10,x2=﹣3(舍去).经检验:x=10是原方程的解.设甲队每天的工程费为y元.依据题意可列方程:6y+6(y﹣4000)=385200,解得:y=34100.甲队完成此项工程费用为34100×10=341000元.乙队完成此项工程费用为30100×15=451500元.答:从节省资金的角度考虑,应该选择甲工程队.【点评】本题主要考查的是分式方程的应用、一元一次方程的应用,根据题意列出关于x的方程是解题的关键.23.(8分)(2016•呼和浩特)已知反比例函数y=的图象在二四象限,一次函数为y=kx+b(b>0),直线x=1与x轴交于点B,与直线y=kx+b交于点A,直线x=3与x轴交于点C,与直线y=kx+b交于点D.(1)若点A,D都在第一象限,求证:b>﹣3k;(2)在(1)的条件下,设直线y=kx+b与x轴交于点E与y轴交于点F,当=且△OFE 的面积等于时,求这个一次函数的解析式,并直接写出不等式>kx+b的解集.【考点】反比例函数综合题.【分析】(1)由反比例函数y=的图象在二四象限,得到k<0,于是得到一次函数为y=kx+b 随x的增大而减小,根据A,D都在第一象限,得到不等式即可得到结论;(2)根据题意得到,由三角形的面积公式得到S△OEF=×(﹣)×b=联立方程组解得k=﹣,b=3,即可得到结论.【解答】解:(1)证明:∵反比例函数y=的图象在二四象限,∴k<0,∴一次函数为y=kx+b随x的增大而减小,∵A,D都在第一象限,∴3k+b>0,∴b>﹣3k;(2)由题意知:,∴①,∵E(﹣,0),F(0,b),∴S△OEF=×(﹣)×b=②,由①②联立方程组解得:k=﹣,b=3,∴这个一次函数的解析式为y=﹣x+3,解﹣=﹣x+3得x1=,x2=,∴直线y=kx+b与反比例函数y=的交点坐标的横坐标是或,∴不等式>kx+b的解集为<x<0或x>.【点评】本题考查了反比例函数和一次函数的性质,求函数的解析式,三角形面积公式的应用,熟练掌握反比例函数和一次函数的性质是解题的关键.24.(9分)(2016•呼和浩特)如图,已知AD是△ABC的外角∠EAC的平分线,交BC的延长线于点D,延长DA交△ABC的外接圆于点F,连接FB,FC.(1)求证:∠FBC=∠FCB;(2)已知FA•FD=12,若AB是△ABC外接圆的直径,FA=2,求CD的长.【考点】相似三角形的判定与性质;三角形的外接圆与外心.【分析】(1)由圆内接四边形的性质和邻补角关系证出∠FBC=∠CAD,再由角平分线和对顶角相等得出∠FAB=∠CAD,由圆周角定理得出∠FAB=∠FCB,即可得出结论;(2)由(1)得:∠FBC=∠FCB,由圆周角定理得出∠FAB=∠FBC,由公共角∠BFA=∠BFD,证出△AFB∽△BFD,得出对应边成比例求出BF,得出FD、AD的长,由圆周角定理得出∠BFA=∠BCA=90°,由三角函数求出∠FBA=30°,再由三角函数求出CD的长即可.【解答】(1)证明:∵四边形AFBC内接于圆,∴∠FBC+∠FAC=180°,∵∠CAD+∠FAC=180°,∴∠FBC=∠CAD,∵AD是△ABC的外角∠EAC的平分线,∴∠EAD=∠CAD,∵∠EAD=∠FAB,∴∠FAB=∠CAD,又∵∠FAB=∠FCB,∴∠FBC=∠FCB;(2)解:由(1)得:∠FBC=∠FCB,又∵∠FCB=∠FAB,∴∠FAB=∠FBC,∵∠BFA=∠BFD,∴△AFB∽△BFD,∴,∴BF2=FA•FD=12,∴BF=2,∵FA=2,∴FD=6,AD=4,∵AB为圆的直径,∴∠BFA=∠BCA=90°,∴tan∠FBA===,∴∠FBA=30°,又∵∠FDB=∠FBA=30°,∴CD=AD•cos30°=4×=2.【点评】本题考查了相似三角形的判定与性质、圆周角定理、圆内接四边形的性质、三角函数等知识;本题综合性强,有一定难度,证明三角形相似是解决问题的关键.25.(12分)(2016•呼和浩特)已知二次函数y=ax2﹣2ax+c(a<0)的最大值为4,且抛物线过点(,﹣),点P(t,0)是x轴上的动点,抛物线与y轴交点为C,顶点为D.(1)求该二次函数的解析式,及顶点D的坐标;(2)求|PC﹣PD|的最大值及对应的点P的坐标;(3)设Q(0,2t)是y轴上的动点,若线段PQ与函数y=a|x|2﹣2a|x|+c的图象只有一个公共点,求t的取值.【考点】二次函数综合题.【分析】(1)先利用对称轴公式x=﹣计算对称轴,即顶点坐标为(1,4),再将两点代入列二元一次方程组求出解析式;(2)根据三角形的三边关系:可知P、C、D三点共线时|PC﹣PD|取得最大值,求出直线CD与x轴的交点坐标,就是此时点P的坐标;(3)先把函数中的绝对值化去,可知y=,此函数是两个二次函数的一部分,分三种情况进行计算:①当线段PQ过点(0,3),即点Q与点C重合时,两图象有一个公共点,当线段PQ过点(3,0),即点P与点(3,0)重合时,两函数有两个公共点,写出t的取值;②线段PQ与当函数y=a|x|2﹣2a|x|+c(x≥0)时有一个公共点时,求t 的值;③当线段PQ过点(﹣3,0),即点P与点(﹣3,0)重合时,线段PQ与当函数y=a|x|2﹣2a|x|+c(x<0)时也有一个公共点,则当t≤﹣3时,都满足条件;综合以上结论,得出t 的取值.【解答】解:(1)∵y=ax2﹣2ax+c的对称轴为:x=﹣=1,∴抛物线过(1,4)和(,﹣)两点,代入解析式得:,解得:a=﹣1,c=3,∴二次函数的解析式为:y=﹣x2+2x+3,∴顶点D的坐标为(1,4);(2)∵C、D两点的坐标为(0,3)、(1,4);由三角形两边之差小于第三边可知:|PC﹣PD|≤|CD|,∴P、C、D三点共线时|PC﹣PD|取得最大值,此时最大值为,|CD|=,由于CD所在的直线解析式为y=x+3,将P(t,0)代入得t=﹣3,∴此时对应的点P为(﹣3,0);(3)y=a|x|2﹣2a|x|+c的解析式可化为:y=设线段PQ所在的直线解析式为y=kx+b,将P(t,0),Q(0,2t)代入得:线段PQ所在的直线解析式:y=﹣2x+2t,∴①当线段PQ过点(0,3),即点Q与点C重合时,线段PQ与函数y=有一个公共点,此时t=,当线段PQ过点(3,0),即点P与点(3,0)重合时,t=3,此时线段PQ与y=有两个公共点,所以当≤t<3时,线段PQ与y=有一个公共点,②将y=﹣2x+2t代入y=﹣x2+2x+3(x≥0)得:﹣x2+2x+3=﹣2x+2t,﹣x2+4x+3﹣2t=0,令△=16﹣4(﹣1)(3﹣2t)=0,t=>0,所以当t=时,线段PQ与y=也有一个公共点,③当线段PQ过点(﹣3,0),即点P与点(﹣3,0)重合时,线段PQ只与y=﹣x2﹣2x+3(x<0)有一个公共点,此时t=﹣3,所以当t≤﹣3时,线段PQ与y=也有一个公共点,综上所述,t的取值是≤t<3或t=或t≤﹣3.【点评】本题考查了二次函数的综合应用,先利用待定系数法求解析式,同时把最大值与三角形的三边关系联系在一起;同时对于二次函数利用动点求取值问题,从特殊点入手,把函数分成几部分考虑,按自变量从大到小的顺序或从小到大的顺序求解.。
2016年呼和浩特市中考语文试卷及答案
2 0 1 6年呼和浩特市中考试卷语文注意事项:1.考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填涂在试卷和答题卡的规定位置。
2.考生必须把答案写在答题卡上,在试卷上答题一律无效。
考试结束后,本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
3.本试卷满分1 2 0分。
考试时间1 5 0分钟。
一、积累与运用(2 0分)1 .在第一个括号中填上一个字,使每项成为一个成语;接着在第二个括号中解释所填的字。
(4分)⑴惟妙惟()()(2)不()()无术⑶相形见()()(4)不()()之客2 .下列各句中加点词语使用正确的一项是(2分)A .斑羚们发现自己被狩猎队逼到了悬崖边上,焦急之时,老斑羚发现侧面有一条小路能通到悬崖对面,真是到了进退维谷的地步。
B .村里出现了一个大洞,有人说,咱们把它填起来;有人说,在上面盖一座庙;有人说,卖给填洞公司。
大家七嘴八舌地商量着,众说纷纭,莫衷一是。
C .横跨在洨河上的赵州桥非常雄伟,到现在已经一千三百多•年了,全长5 0 .8 2 米;永定河上的卢沟桥,全长2 6 5米,卢沟桥的长度比赵州桥略胜一筹.。
D.《命运交响曲》节奏铿锵,气势雄浑,大家不由得被它的旋律所感染,每次听到,它都会给人一种强烈的心灵震撼,使人叹为观止。
3 .下面有四个句子,不是病句的不要动它,你只修改病句。
(2分)(1)他对工作认真负责,虽然身在病中,但他无时无刻不忘学校交给他的任务。
(2)看到他被雨水浇得像个落汤鸡,大家都忍俊不禁。
(3)有些人非常酷爱玩手机,结果功课学得完全一塌糊涂。
(4)教育局号召各学校行动起来,做好校园安保工作,防止校园安全事故再次发生。
4 .名著阅读。
(4分)(1)尼古拉•奥斯特洛夫斯基是在怎样的情形下,历时三年才写成《钢铁是怎样炼成的》这部作品的?(2分)⑵下列选项是与《钢铁是怎样炼成的》一书相关的内容,其中两项有错误,请你找出来。
(在答题卡选择题处填涂答案)(2分)A .《钢铁是怎样炼成的》这部长篇小说最大的成功之处就在于塑造了保尔• 柯察金这一无产阶级英雄形象。
【语文】2016年内蒙古呼和浩特市语文中考真题(解析版)
2016年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考语文真题一、积累与运用(20分)1.在第一个括号中填上一个字,使每项成为一个成语;接着在第二个括号中解释所填的字。
(4分)(1)惟妙惟()()(2)不()()无术(3)相形见()()(4)不()()之客【答案】(1)(肖)(相似)(2)(学)(学识、学问)(3)(绌)(不足、不够)(4)(速)(邀请)(4分)2.下列各句中加点词语使用正确的一项是()(2分)A.斑羚们发现自己被狩猎队逼到了悬崖边上,焦急之时,老斑羚发现侧面有一条小路能通到悬崖对面,真是到了进退维谷....的地步。
B.村里出现了一个大洞,有人说,咱们把它填起;有人说,在上面盖一座庙;有人说,卖给填洞公司。
大家七嘴八舌地商量着,众说纷纭,莫衷一是....。
C.横跨在洨河上的赵州桥非常雄伟,到现在已经一千三百多年了,全长50.82米;永定河上的卢沟桥,全长265米,卢沟桥的长度比赵州桥略胜一筹....。
D.《命运交响曲》节奏铿锵,气势雄浑,大家不由得被它的旋律所感染,每次听到,它都会给人一种强烈的心灵震撼,使人叹为..。
..观止【答案】B3.下面有四个句子,不是病句的不要动它,你只修改病句。
(2分)(1)他对工作认真负责,虽然身在病中,但他无时无刻不忘学校交给他的任务。
(2)看到他被雨水浇得像个落汤鸡,大家都忍俊不禁。
(3)有些人非常酷爱玩手机,结果功课学得完全一塌糊涂。
(4)教育局号召各学校行动起,做好校园安保工作,防止校园安全事故再次发生。
【答案】(1)句改法:①把“无时无刻”改成“每时每刻”或“时刻”。
(2)把“忘”改成“记得”。
(3)句改法:去掉“非常”,去掉“完全”(2分)4.名著阅读。
(4分)(1)尼古拉·奥斯特洛夫斯基是在怎样的情形下,历时三年才写成《钢铁是怎样炼成的》这部作品的? (2分)【答案】双目失明,全身瘫痪,他强忍病痛,在病榻上历时三年才写成这部书。
【解析】根据所读所记,仔细回顾作品内容和有关知识。
内蒙古呼和浩特市2016年中考语文真题试题(含答案)
内蒙古呼和浩特市2016年中考语文真题试题注意事项:1 . 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填涂在试卷和答题卡的规定位置。
2 . 考生必须把答案写在答题卡上,在试卷上答题一律无效。
考试结束后,本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
3 . 本试卷满分1 2 0分。
考试时间1 5 0分钟。
一、积累与运用(2 0分)1 . 在第一个括号中填上一个字,使每项成为一个成语;接着在第二个括号中解释所填的字。
(4分) (1)惟妙惟( )( ) (2)不( )( )无术(3)相形见( )( ) (4)不( )( )之客2 . 下列各句中加点词语使用正确的一项是(2分)A . 斑羚们发现自己被狩猎队逼到了悬崖边上,焦急之时,老斑羚发现侧面有一条小路能通到悬崖对面,真是到了进退维谷....的地步。
B . 村里出现了一个大洞,有人说,咱们把它填起来;有人说,在上面盖一座庙;有人说,卖给填洞公司。
大家七嘴八舌地商量着,众说纷纭,莫衷一是....。
C . 横跨在洨河上的赵州桥非常雄伟,到现在已经一千三百多年了,全长5 0 .8 2米;永定河上的卢沟桥,全长2 6 5米,卢沟桥的长度比赵州桥略胜一筹....。
D . 《命运交响曲》节奏铿锵,气势雄浑,大家不由得被它的旋律所感染,每次听到,它都会给人一种强烈的心灵震撼,使人叹为观止....。
3 . 下面有四个句子,不是病句的不要动它,你只修改病句。
(2分)(1)他对工作认真负责,虽然身在病中,但他无时无刻不忘学校交给他的任务。
(2)看到他被雨水浇得像个落汤鸡,大家都忍俊不禁。
(3)有些人非常酷爱玩手机,结果功课学得完全一塌糊涂。
(4)教育局号召各学校行动起来,做好校园安保工作,防止校园安全事故再次发生。
4 . 名著阅读。
(4分)(1)尼古拉·奥斯特洛夫斯基是在怎样的情形下,历时三年才写成《钢铁是怎样炼成的》这部作品的? (2分)(2)下列选项是与《钢铁是怎样炼成的》一书相关的内容,其中两项有错误,请你找出来。
2016内蒙古呼和浩特市中考试卷
2016年呼和浩特市中考试卷英语第一卷(选择题,共计85分)I.单项选择:(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)1.—What can I do for you, sir ?—I want ______ iPhone 6S plus for my wife as _____useful gift.A. an; aB. a; anC. an; theD. a; a1. A(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)2.—There is no salt left. Jim, would you like to get ________ ?—OK. Mum.A. itB. oneC. someD. any2. C(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)3.—Where are you going this month ?—We ______ go to Xiamen, but we’re not sure.A. needn’tB. mightC. mustD. mustn’t3. B(2016内蒙古呼和浩特) 4. I’ll go to visit my aunt in England _____the summer holiday starts.A. whileB. sinceC. untilD. as soon as4. D(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)5.—I have to be off right now.—What a pity! I _____you could stay a little longer with us.A. thoughtB. am thinkingC. thinkD. was thinking5. A(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)6. He is very rich but that day he bought _____bike to save money for the poor children.A. an expensiveB. a more expensiveC. the more cheaperD. the cheapest6. D(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)7.—Did you watch the football game yesterday?—Yes, I did. John is really a dark horse. Nobody ______him to go so far.A. wantedB. encouragedC. expectedD. hoped7. C(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)8.Being blind is something______ most people can’t imagine.A.不填B. whatC. whoD. which8. A(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)9. I’m looking after Tom today. He’s been in my house _____8:00 this morning.A. atB. sinceC. forD. till9. B(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)10.—Jack, could you help me _____when the plane will take off on the Internet?—I’m sorry, but my computer doesn’t work.A. get outB. look outC. take outD. find out10. D(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)11.—I came first in the long jump.—_____. I’m so proud of you.A. Good luckB. Have funC. Well doneD. You’re joking11. C(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)12. —I tried to make Alice _____her mind but I found it difficult. —Well, I saw you _____that when I went past.A. changed; doB. changes; doingC. change; to doD. change; doing12. D(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)13.The car looks nice, ______, it’s much greener because it uses electricity.A. HoweverB. What’s moreC. Even thoughD. Besides13. D(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)14.Don’t worry! I’m sure you’ll _____your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them.A. catch up withB. be pleased withC. get on well withD. agree with14. C(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)15. There are so many foggy days recently. We all wonder ______.A. how is the air pollutedB. why the air is seriously pollutedC. what can we do to prevent that bad weatherD. what are the real reasons15. B(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)二、完形填空:(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)AStudents are always asked to do much homework. Have you read the following passage?You’d better not work when you are very hungry. If you 16 your homework right after school, you may have a snack before getting to work. Always do your homework 17 you get tired. 18 wait until very late in the evening, or the homework will seem much 19 than it really is.Break your time into manageable(易处理的)period. If you have more than 20 , give yourself a break after an hour. On the other hand, don’t break it up 21 that you can’t get anything done. You should be able to work at least half an hour at a time 22 .Don’t put it off until the last 23 . If you put off doing your homework, you will always think of it, and you won’t enjoy your 24 so much. If you put it off until the end of the week or until right before a test, you will have too much work to do for the exam.A little bit each night, enough to keep up with what is happening each day in school, will take the fear out of tests and keep you on top of it all. Do your homework 25 every day. This will help you make it a habit. It will make it easier to do , and it will make free time more enjoyable as well.16. A. decide to do B. decided doing C. have done D. did17. A. after B. when C. because D. before18. A. Not B. Please C. Don’t D. Always19. A. harder B. hard C. easy D. easier20. A. one hour work B. an hour work C. a work of an hour D. an hour’s work21. A. so much B. so little C. so often D. so well22. A. with a stop B. without stopping C. stopping D. stop23. A. week B. hour C. minute D. day24. A. lunch B. free time C. meals D. snack25. A. at a time B. in a short time C. once D. at the same time16. A 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. D(2016内蒙古呼和浩特) BYou may think that English dictionaries have been used for many, many centuries. In fact, an English dictionary you 26 today wasn’t made until the Qing Dynasty(清朝).Three men did most of the important 27 work on dictionaries. They spent nearly all their lives trying to 28 words for their dictionaries. For them, it was a wonderful journey. The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary. The 29 for this dictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857. Twenty-two years later, Oxford University asked James Murray to be the editor(编者)of its new dictionary.Murrary had never been to 30 . At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank. 31 he became a great teacher. After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a small house 32 in his garden to do the work. Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o’clock and 33 in the small house several hours before breakfast. Often he would work into the night. Murray hoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years. But after five years, he was 34 adding words for the letter “A”! He worked on the dictionary 35 he was very old.Forty-four years later, in 1928, other editors finished the dictionary.26. A. write B. use C. copy D. miss27. A. early B. boring C. easy D. difficult28. A. spell B. collect C. invent D. make29. A. way B. use C. idea D. prize30. A. school B. cinema C. village D. college31. A. Ever since B. Since then C. So far D. Later32. A. built B. sold C. broken D. drawn33. A. read B. wrote C. worked D. thought34. A. already B. still C. usually D. always35. A. if B. because C. until D. unless26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. C(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)III.阅读理解:(共25小题;每小题2分,满分50分)(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)AWhat do you often do when you wait for a bus or a train at the station?Tom arrived at the bus station quite early for Paris bus. The bus for Paris would not leave until five to twelve. He saw a lot of people waiting in the station. Some were standing in line; Others were walking around. There was a group of schoolgirls. The teacher was trying to keepthem in line. Tom looked around but there was no place for him to sit.He walked into the station café. He looked up at the clock there. It was only twenty to twelve. He found a seat and sat down before a large mirror(镜子)on the wall. Just then,Mike, one of Tom’s workmates, came in and sat with Tom. “What time is your bus?” asked Mike. “There's plenty of time yet.” answered Tom. “Well,I'll get you more tea the n ”said Mike.They talked while drinking. Then Tom looked at the clock again. “Oh! It's going backward!” he cried. “ A few minutes ago it was twenty to twelve and now it's half past eleven.”“You're looking at the clock in the mirror.” said Mike. T om was so sad. The next bus was not to leave for another hour. Since then Tom has never liked mirrors.36. Tom went into the station café because _______.A. Mike asked him to have a cup of tea togetherB. he wanted to have a drink with his workmate thereC. he didn’t like to stay with the schoolgirlsD. it was quite early and he couldn’t find a seat in the station37. What time was it in fact when Tom looked at the clock in the mirror?A. Half past eleven.B. Twenty to twelve.C. Half past twelve.D. Half past one.38. From the story we know that when we look at a clock in a mirror, we will find _______.A. it’s going backwardB. it’s going slowerC.the time is rightD. it’s going faster39. Which of the following is true?A. Tom arrived in Paris on time that day.B. Tom looked at the clock in the mirror only once.C. After that Tom didn’t like clocks any longer.D. The next bus would leave in half an hour.40. Which of the following is the best title of the story?A. The Clock in the MirrorB. Not a Careful ManC. Being Late for a BusD. The Mirror of the Station36. D 37. C 38. A 39. B 40.(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)BTraveling is an exciting experience. It makes us feel pleased, and enjoy new wonders and new part of life that we've never known. A single holiday trip can give you the freedom and the chance to make changes that daily life does not allow. It matters little where you go on your holiday ; it is all in what you make of it. Any travel can be interesting and attractive, and give you memories to last a lifetime.Having those memories is truly what travels are all about. Many people say that a bit of planning and research before you leave can make sure of those long-lasting memories. But why not try something unexpected? In fact, the most unforgettable moments of a travel experience are the ones that you don't plan for. Yes. maybe you'll experience a bad meal in an unfamiliar place. But these experiences will make sure you discover little-known shops or an open-air theater production that is only advertised in the local paper.You'll find the enjoyable moments happening all around you; a wonderful sunset or a small child playing in the puddles(水注)of a cobble(峨卵石)road. The magic will truly be in the trip youtake. Take time to go for a long walk for enjoyment when visiting a new place, which will allow you to listen, smell, and see the different culture and sights that your busy life may stop you from enjoying.Simple things such as a leaf from a tree you sat under can keep the memories of your travel alive for years to come. Collect small things such as leaves, stones, or feathers, which can be turned into memorable works of art when you get back home.41. What can we learn from the passage?A. There is no need to choose where to go on holiday.B. Plans can make traveling become uninteresting.C. Small things around you always look simple.D. Traveling is a good way for people to understand life.42. According to the writer, traveling is all about_ .A. having unforgettable experiencesB. having a healthy lifeC. enjoying natural wonders of the worldD. visiting places of interest43. If you want a most unforgettable travel experience, you could .A. learn much about the new placeB. research into all the possible ways of travelingC. find out as many local activities as possibleD. try something unplanned44. What is really magical in the trip?A. The beautiful local sights.B. The enjoyment around you.C. The different culture,and places.D. The enjoyment from a long walk.45. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Traveling can make you tired but happy.B. Traveling should be unexpected.C. Traveling is a wonderful experience.D. Traveling may change your life.41. D 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. C(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)CIt was a great pleasure for the family to move to a house with a very big garden. Betty and Tony could climb up trees, grow flowers and even play badminton. They liked to watch the birds flying among the trees in the garden. They even started to put food out to attract more birds.Everything was fine for a few days until one afternoon there was a strange bumping noise on a window. Betty went outside and found a small bird dead on the grass. Its neck seemed to be broken.“ It must have flown into the window.” Tony said when his sister Betty called him to have a look. “Ah, yes, look here. You can see the mark where it hit the window. There are a couple of tiny feathers stuck on the window.”“Poor thing!” Betty said.During the next month, five more birds died in the same way. “Why would they fly to the windows?” They wondered. Finally they knew the truth. When the birds were flying, theycouldn't see into the rooms. All they saw was the reflection(倒影) of the garden. They thought that they were flying into trees because they saw trees reflected by the window.“Something has to be done to save the bird.” the parents decided.At first, the family tried keeping curtains(窗帘)across the windows, but this made the room dark. Then they bought some strong black paper and cut out the shape of a hawk. They made six hawks — one for each window. They stuck the hawk, to the windows. They looked pretty and did not keep out much light. When the birds saw the hawks,they would fly away.After that,there were no more dead birds. The family were much happier.46. They put food out to attract birds because they_ .A. had a special garden for birdsB. had too much bird food to feed the birdsC. wanted to see more birds flying in the gardenD. wanted to catch some birds in the garden47. birds died in the garden.A. SixB. FiveC. FourD. Seven48. The birds flew to the windows because they _______.A. found the windows very big and cleanB. wanted to fight for more foodC. thought there were more trees aheadD. wanted to go into the room49. The underlined word “ hawk” means_______.A. 丛林B. 鹰C. 山脉D. 燕子50. The story is mainly about_________.A. why those birds died in their gardenB. Betty and Tony were good at paper-cuttingC. how the family saved the birds in the gardenD. the family had a new house with a big garden46. C 47. A 48. C49. B 50. C(2016内蒙古呼和浩特)DAre you happy most of the time? Or do you easily get angry sometimes? Everyone has a different temperament(脾气). It is usually believed that both genes(基因) and environment may influence people's temperaments in different ways. Scientists have found that the season of the birth also play a role.Scientists from Budapest, Hungary, studied 400 university students. In the study, the students needed to finish some questions to know which of four kinds of temperaments they most had. From the questions, scientists found that the students always answered something like “ My mood(情绪) often changes for no reason.” And “ I love to deal with new projects, even if it is risky.” These answers were then connected with their birthdays.They discovered that people born in summer easily change between sad and happy moods compared to people born in winter. Those who always feel positive are mostly born in spring and summer.The study also found that those born in fall less probably had a mood of depression which may easily drive them to cry, while those in winter were not easier to be angry.Scientists said that this was probably because the seasons had an influence on certain chemicals in the human body. And the chemicals are important to control people's moods even in adult life. “It seems that when you are born may increase or decrease your chance of developing certain mood disorders.” scientist Xenia Gonda told the Telegraph.根据上文内容判断正(T)误(F)。
历年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考试题(含答案)
2016年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考数学试卷一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.互为相反数的两个数的和为()A.0 B.﹣1 C.1 D.22.将数字“6”旋转180°,得到数字“9”,将数字“9”旋转180°,得到数字“6”,现将数字“69”旋转180°,得到的数字是()A.96 B.69 C.66 D.993.下列说法正确的是()A.“任意画一个三角形,其内角和为360°”是随机事件B.已知某篮球运动员投篮投中的概率为0.6,则他投十次可投中6次C.抽样调查选取样本时,所选样本可按自己的喜好选取D.检测某城市的空气质量,采用抽样调查法4.某企业今年3月份产值为a万元,4月份比3月份减少了10%,5月份比4月份增加了15%,则5月份的产值是()A.(a﹣10%)(a+15%)万元B.a(1﹣90%)(1+85%)万元C.a(1﹣10%)(1+15%)万元D.a(1﹣10%+15%)万元5.下列运算正确的是()A.a2+a3=a5B.(﹣2a2)3÷()2=﹣16a4C.3a﹣1=D.(2a2﹣a)2÷3a2=4a2﹣4a+16.如图,△ABC是一块绿化带,将阴影部分修建为花圃,已知AB=15,AC=9,BC=12,阴影部分是△ABC的内切圆,一只自由飞翔的小鸟将随机落在这块绿化带上,则小鸟落在花圃上的概率为()A.B.C.D.7.已知一次函数y=kx+b﹣x的图象与x轴的正半轴相交,且函数值y随自变量x的增大而增大,则k,b的取值情况为()A.k>1,b<0 B.k>1,b>0 C.k>0,b>0 D.k>0,b<08.一个几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的表面积为()A.4π B.3π C.2π+4 D.3π+49.如图,面积为24的正方形ABCD中,有一个小正方形EFGH,其中E、F、G分别在AB、BC、FD上.若BF=,则小正方形的周长为()A.B.C.D.10.已知a≥2,m2﹣2am+2=0,n2﹣2an+2=0,则(m﹣1)2+(n﹣1)2的最小值是()A.6 B.3 C.﹣3 D.0二、填空题(本题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分.本题要求把正确结果填在答题卡规定的横线上,不要解答过程)11.如图是某市电视台记者为了解市民获取新闻的主要图径,通过抽样调查绘制的一个条形统计图.若该市约有230万人,则可估计其中将报纸和手机上网作为获取新闻的主要途径的总人数大约为万人.12.已知函数y=﹣,当自变量的取值为﹣1<x<0或x≥2,函数值y的取值.13.在学校组织的义务植树活动中,甲、乙两组各四名同学的植树棵数如下,甲组:9,9,11,10;乙组:9,8,9,10;分别从甲、乙两组中随机选取一名同学,则这两名同学的植树总棵数为19的概率.14.在周长为26π的⊙O中,CD是⊙O的一条弦,AB是⊙O的切线,且AB∥CD,若AB 和CD之间的距离为18,则弦CD的长为.15.已知平行四边形ABCD的顶点A在第三象限,对角线AC的中点在坐标原点,一边AB 与x轴平行且AB=2,若点A的坐标为(a,b),则点D的坐标为.16.以下四个命题:①对应角和面积都相等的两个三角形全等;②“若x2﹣x=0,则x=0”的逆命题;③若关于x、y的方程组有无数多组解,则a=b=1;④将多项式5xy+3y﹣2x2y因式分解,其结果为﹣y(2x+1)(x﹣3).其中正确的命题的序号为.三、解答题(本题共9小题,满分72分,解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤)17.计算(1)计算:()﹣2+|﹣2|+3tan30°(2)先化简,再求值:﹣÷,其中x=﹣.18.在一次综合实践活动中,小明要测某地一座古塔AE的高度.如图,已知塔基顶端B(和A、E共线)与地面C处固定的绳索的长BC为80m.她先测得∠BCA=35°,然后从C点沿AC方向走30m到达D点,又测得塔顶E的仰角为50°,求塔高AE.(人的高度忽略不计,结果用含非特殊角的三角函数表示)19.已知关于x的不等式组有四个整数解,求实数a的取值范围.20.在一次男子马拉松长跑比赛中,随机抽得12名选手所用的时间(单位:分钟)得到如下样本数据:140 146 143 175 125 164 134 155 152 168 162 148(1)计算该样本数据的中位数和平均数;(2)如果一名选手的成绩是147分钟,请你依据样本数据中位数,推断他的成绩如何?21.已知,如图,△ACB和△ECD都是等腰直角三角形,∠ACB=∠ECD=90°,D为AB边上一点.(1)求证:△ACE≌△BCD;(2)求证:2CD2=AD2+DB2.22.某一公路的道路维修工程,准备从甲、乙两个工程队选一个队单独完成.根据两队每天的工程费用和每天完成的工程量可知,若由两队合做此项维修工程,6天可以完成,共需工程费用385200元,若单独完成此项维修工程,甲队比乙队少用5天,每天的工程费用甲队比乙队多4000元,从节省资金的角度考虑,应该选择哪个工程队?23.已知反比例函数y=的图象在二四象限,一次函数为y=kx+b(b>0),直线x=1与x轴交于点B,与直线y=kx+b交于点A,直线x=3与x轴交于点C,与直线y=kx+b交于点D.(1)若点A,D都在第一象限,求证:b>﹣3k;(2)在(1)的条件下,设直线y=kx+b与x轴交于点E与y轴交于点F,当=且△OFE 的面积等于时,求这个一次函数的解析式,并直接写出不等式>kx+b的解集.24.如图,已知AD是△ABC的外角∠EAC的平分线,交BC的延长线于点D,延长DA 交△ABC的外接圆于点F,连接FB,FC.(1)求证:∠FBC=∠FCB;(2)已知FA•FD=12,若AB是△ABC外接圆的直径,FA=2,求CD的长.25.已知二次函数y=ax2﹣2ax+c(a<0)的最大值为4,且抛物线过点(,﹣),点P(t,0)是x轴上的动点,抛物线与y轴交点为C,顶点为D.(1)求该二次函数的解析式,及顶点D的坐标;(2)求|PC﹣PD|的最大值及对应的点P的坐标;(3)设Q(0,2t)是y轴上的动点,若线段PQ与函数y=a|x|2﹣2a|x|+c的图象只有一个公共点,求t的取值.2016年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.互为相反数的两个数的和为()A.0 B.﹣1 C.1 D.2【考点】相反数.【分析】直接利用相反数的定义分析得出答案.【解答】解:互为相反数的两个数的和为:0.故选:A.2.将数字“6”旋转180°,得到数字“9”,将数字“9”旋转180°,得到数字“6”,现将数字“69”旋转180°,得到的数字是()A.96 B.69 C.66 D.99【考点】生活中的旋转现象.【分析】直接利用中心对称图形的性质结合69的特点得出答案.【解答】解:现将数字“69”旋转180°,得到的数字是:69.故选:B.3.下列说法正确的是()A.“任意画一个三角形,其内角和为360°”是随机事件B.已知某篮球运动员投篮投中的概率为0.6,则他投十次可投中6次C.抽样调查选取样本时,所选样本可按自己的喜好选取D.检测某城市的空气质量,采用抽样调查法【考点】概率的意义;全面调查与抽样调查;随机事件.【分析】根据概率是事件发生的可能性,可得答案.【解答】解:A、“任意画一个三角形,其内角和为360°”是不可能事件,故A错误;B、已知某篮球运动员投篮投中的概率为0.6,则他投十次可能投中6次,故B错误;C、抽样调查选取样本时,所选样本要具有广泛性、代表性,故C错误;D、检测某城市的空气质量,采用抽样调查法,故D正确;故选:D.4.某企业今年3月份产值为a万元,4月份比3月份减少了10%,5月份比4月份增加了15%,则5月份的产值是()A.(a﹣10%)(a+15%)万元B.a(1﹣90%)(1+85%)万元C.a(1﹣10%)(1+15%)万元D.a(1﹣10%+15%)万元【考点】列代数式.【分析】由题意可得:4月份的产值为:a(1﹣10%),5月份的产值为:4月的产值×(1+15%),进而得出答案.【解答】解:由题意可得:4月份的产值为:a(1﹣10%),5月份的产值为:a(1﹣10%)(1+15%),故选:C.5.下列运算正确的是()A.a2+a3=a5B.(﹣2a2)3÷()2=﹣16a4C.3a﹣1=D.(2a2﹣a)2÷3a2=4a2﹣4a+1【考点】整式的除法;合并同类项;幂的乘方与积的乘方;负整数指数幂.【分析】分别利用合并同类项法则以及整式的除法运算法则和负整指数指数幂的性质分别化简求出答案.【解答】解:A、a2+a3,无法计算,故此选项错误;B、(﹣2a2)3÷()2=﹣8a6÷=﹣32a4,故此选项错误;C、3a﹣1=,故此选项错误;D、(2a2﹣a)2÷3a2=4a2﹣4a+1,正确.故选:D.6.如图,△ABC是一块绿化带,将阴影部分修建为花圃,已知AB=15,AC=9,BC=12,阴影部分是△ABC的内切圆,一只自由飞翔的小鸟将随机落在这块绿化带上,则小鸟落在花圃上的概率为()A.B.C.D.【考点】几何概率;三角形的内切圆与内心.【分析】由AB=15,BC=12,AC=9,得到AB2=BC2+AC2,根据勾股定理的逆定理得到△ABC 为直角三角形,于是得到△ABC的内切圆半径==3,求得直角三角形的面积和圆的面积,即可得到结论.【解答】解:∵AB=15,BC=12,AC=9,∴AB2=BC2+AC2,∴△ABC为直角三角形,∴△ABC的内切圆半径==3,∴S△ABC=AC•BC=×12×9=54,=9π,S圆∴小鸟落在花圃上的概率==,故选B.7.已知一次函数y=kx+b﹣x的图象与x轴的正半轴相交,且函数值y随自变量x的增大而增大,则k,b的取值情况为()A.k>1,b<0 B.k>1,b>0 C.k>0,b>0 D.k>0,b<0【考点】一次函数图象与系数的关系.【分析】先将函数解析式整理为y=(k﹣1)x+b,再根据图象在坐标平面内的位置关系确定k,b的取值范围,从而求解.【解答】解:一次函数y=kx+b﹣x即为y=(k﹣1)x+b,∵函数值y随x的增大而增大,∴k﹣1>0,解得k>1;∵图象与x轴的正半轴相交,∴b>0.故选A.8.一个几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的表面积为()A.4π B.3π C.2π+4 D.3π+4【考点】由三视图判断几何体.【分析】首先根据三视图判断几何体的形状,然后计算其表面积即可.【解答】解:观察该几何体的三视图发现其为半个圆柱放在一个长方体的上面组成的一个几何体,半圆柱的直径为2,长方体的长为2,宽为1,高为1,故其表面积为:π×12+(π+2)×2=3π+4,故选D.9.如图,面积为24的正方形ABCD中,有一个小正方形EFGH,其中E、F、G分别在AB、BC、FD上.若BF=,则小正方形的周长为()A.B.C.D.【考点】正方形的性质.【分析】先利用勾股定理求出DF,再根据△BEF∽△CFD,得=求出EF即可解决问题.【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD是正方形,面积为24,∴BC=CD=2,∠B=∠C=90°,∵四边形EFGH是正方形,∴∠E FG=90°,∵∠EFB+∠DFC=90°,∠BEF+∠EFB=90°,∴∠BEF=∠DFC,∵∠EBF=∠C=90°,∴△BEF∽△CFD,∴=,∵BF=,CF=,DF==,∴=,∴EF=,∴正方形EFGH的周长为.故选C.10.已知a≥2,m2﹣2am+2=0,n2﹣2an+2=0,则(m﹣1)2+(n﹣1)2的最小值是()A.6 B.3 C.﹣3 D.0【考点】根与系数的关系;二次函数的最值.【分析】根据已知条件得到m,n是关于x的方程x2﹣2ax+2=0的两个根,根据根与系数的关系得到m+n=2a,mn=2,于是得到4(a﹣)2﹣3,当a=2时,(m﹣1)2+(n﹣1)2有最小值,代入即可得到结论.【解答】解:∵m2﹣2am+2=0,n2﹣2an+2=0,∴m,n是关于x的方程x2﹣2ax+2=0的两个根,∴m+n=2a,mn=2,∴(m﹣1)2+(n﹣1)2=m2﹣2m+1+n2﹣2n+1=(m+n)2﹣2mn﹣2(m+n)+2=4a2﹣4﹣4a+2=4(a﹣)2﹣3,∵a≥2,∴当a=2时,(m﹣1)2+(n﹣1)2有最小值,∴(m﹣1)2+(n﹣1)2的最小值=4(a﹣)2+3=4(2﹣)2﹣3=6,故选A.二、填空题(本题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分.本题要求把正确结果填在答题卡规定的横线上,不要解答过程)11.如图是某市电视台记者为了解市民获取新闻的主要图径,通过抽样调查绘制的一个条形统计图.若该市约有230万人,则可估计其中将报纸和手机上网作为获取新闻的主要途径的总人数大约为151.8万人.【考点】条形统计图;用样本估计总体.【分析】利用样本估计总体的思想,用总人数230万乘以报纸和手机上网的人数所占样本的百分比即可求解.【解答】解:由统计图可知调查的人数为260+400+150+100+90=1000人,所以报纸和手机上网作为获取新闻的主要途径的人数所占百分比=×100%=66%,则该市约有230万人,则可估计其中将报纸和手机上网作为获取新闻的主要途径的总人数大约=230×66%=151.8万,故答案为:151.8.12.已知函数y=﹣,当自变量的取值为﹣1<x<0或x≥2,函数值y的取值y>1或﹣≤y<0.【考点】反比例函数的性质.【分析】画出图形,先计算当x=﹣1和x=2时的对应点的坐标,并描出这两点,根据图象写出y的取值.【解答】解:当x=﹣1时,y=﹣=1,当x=2时,y=﹣,由图象得:当﹣1<x<0时,y>1,当x≥2时,﹣≤y<0,故答案为:y>1或﹣≤y<0.13.在学校组织的义务植树活动中,甲、乙两组各四名同学的植树棵数如下,甲组:9,9,11,10;乙组:9,8,9,10;分别从甲、乙两组中随机选取一名同学,则这两名同学的植树总棵数为19的概率.【考点】列表法与树状图法.【分析】首先根据题意画出树状图,然后由树状图求得所有等可能的结果与两名同学的植树总棵数为19的情况,再利用概率公式即可求得答案.【解答】解:画树状图如图:∵共有16种等可能结果,两名同学的植树总棵数为19的结果有5种结果,∴这两名同学的植树总棵数为19的概率为,故答案为:.14.在周长为26π的⊙O中,CD是⊙O的一条弦,AB是⊙O的切线,且AB∥CD,若AB 和CD之间的距离为18,则弦CD的长为24.【考点】切线的性质.【分析】如图,设AB与⊙O相切于点F,连接OF,OD,延长FO交CD于点E,首先证明OE⊥CD,在RT△EOD中,利用勾股定理即可解决问题.【解答】解:如图,设AB与⊙O相切于点F,连接OF,OD,延长FO交CD于点E.∵2πR=26π,∴R=13,∴OF=OD=13,∵AB是⊙O切线,∴OF⊥AB,∵AB∥CD,∴EF⊥CD即OE⊥CD,∴CE=ED,∵EF=18,OF=13,∴OE=5,在RT△OED中,∵∠OED=90°,OD=13,OE=5,∴ED===12,∴CD=2ED=24.故答案为24.15.已知平行四边形ABCD的顶点A在第三象限,对角线AC的中点在坐标原点,一边AB 与x轴平行且AB=2,若点A的坐标为(a,b),则点D的坐标为(﹣2﹣a,﹣b)(2﹣a,﹣b).【考点】平行四边形的性质;坐标与图形性质.【分析】根据平行四边形的性质得到CD=AB=2,根据已知条件得到B(2+a,b),或(a﹣2,b),∵由于点D与点B关于原点对称,即可得到结论.【解答】解:如图1,∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴CD=AB=2,∵A的坐标为(a,b),AB与x轴平行,∴B(2+a,b),∵点D与点B关于原点对称,∴D(﹣2﹣a,﹣b)如图2,∵B(a﹣2,b),∵点D与点B关于原点对称,∴D(2﹣a,﹣b),综上所述:D(﹣2﹣a,﹣b),(2﹣a,﹣b).16.以下四个命题:①对应角和面积都相等的两个三角形全等;②“若x2﹣x=0,则x=0”的逆命题;③若关于x、y的方程组有无数多组解,则a=b=1;④将多项式5xy+3y﹣2x2y因式分解,其结果为﹣y(2x+1)(x﹣3).其中正确的命题的序号为①②③④.【考点】命题与定理.【分析】①正确,根据相似比为1的两个三角形全等即可判断.②正确.写出逆命题即可判断.③正确.根据方程组有无数多组解的条件即可判断.④正确.首先提公因式,再利用十字相乘法即可判断.【解答】解:①正确.对应角相等的两个三角形相似,又因为面积相等,所以相似比为1,所以两个三角形全等,故正确.②正确.理由:“若x2﹣x=0,则x=0”的逆命题为x=0,则x2﹣x=0,故正确.③正确.理由:∵关于x、y的方程组有无数多组解,∴==,∴a=b=1,故正确.④正确.理由:5xy+3y﹣2x2y=﹣y(2x2﹣5x﹣3)=﹣y(2x+1)(x﹣3),故正确.故答案为①②③④.三、解答题(本题共9小题,满分72分,解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤)17.计算(1)计算:()﹣2+|﹣2|+3tan30°(2)先化简,再求值:﹣÷,其中x=﹣.【考点】分式的化简求值;实数的运算;负整数指数幂;特殊角的三角函数值.【分析】(1)分别根据负整数指数幂的计算法则、绝对值的性质及特殊角的三角函数值计算出各数,再根据实数混合运算的法则进行计算即可;(2)先算除法,再算加减,最后把x的值代入进行计算即可.【解答】解:(1)原式=4+2﹣+3×=6﹣+=6;(2)原式=﹣•=+==,当x=﹣时,原式==﹣.18.在一次综合实践活动中,小明要测某地一座古塔AE的高度.如图,已知塔基顶端B(和A、E共线)与地面C处固定的绳索的长BC为80m.她先测得∠BCA=35°,然后从C点沿AC方向走30m到达D点,又测得塔顶E的仰角为50°,求塔高AE.(人的高度忽略不计,结果用含非特殊角的三角函数表示)【考点】解直角三角形的应用-仰角俯角问题.【分析】根据锐角三角函数关系,得出cos∠ACB=,得出AC的长即可;利用锐角三角函数关系,得出tan∠ADE=,求出AE即可.【解答】解:在Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=35°,BC=80m,∴cos∠ACB=,∴AC=80cos35°,在Rt△ADE中,tan∠ADE=,∵AD=AC+DC=80cos35°+30,∴AE=(80cos35°+30)tan50°.答:塔高AE为(80cos35°+30)tan50°m.19.已知关于x的不等式组有四个整数解,求实数a的取值范围.【考点】一元一次不等式组的整数解.【分析】分别求出不等式组中两不等式的解集,根据不等式组有四个整数解,即可确定出a 的范围.【解答】解:解不等式组,解不等式①得:x>﹣,解不等式②得:x≤a+4,∵不等式组有四个整数解,∴1≤a+4<2,解得:﹣3≤a<﹣2.20.在一次男子马拉松长跑比赛中,随机抽得12名选手所用的时间(单位:分钟)得到如下样本数据:140 146 143 175 125 164 134 155 152 168 162 148(1)计算该样本数据的中位数和平均数;(2)如果一名选手的成绩是147分钟,请你依据样本数据中位数,推断他的成绩如何?【考点】中位数;算术平均数.【分析】(1)根据中位数和平均数的概念求解;(2)根据(1)求得的中位数,与147进行比较,然后推断该选手的成绩.【解答】解:(1)将这组数据按照从小到大的顺序排列为:125,134,140,143,146,148,152,155,162,164,168,175,则中位数为:=150,平均数为:=151;(2)由(1)可得,中位数为150,可以估计在这次马拉松比赛中,大约有一半选手的成绩快于150分钟,有一半选手的成绩慢于150分钟,这名选手的成绩为147分钟,快于中位数150分钟,可以推断他的成绩估计比一半以上选手的成绩好.21.已知,如图,△ACB和△ECD都是等腰直角三角形,∠ACB=∠ECD=90°,D为AB边上一点.(1)求证:△ACE≌△BCD;(2)求证:2CD2=AD2+DB2.【考点】全等三角形的判定与性质.【分析】(1)本题要判定△ACE≌△BCD,已知△ACB和△ECD都是等腰直角三角形,∠ACB=∠ECD=90°,则DC=EA,AC=BC,∠ACB=∠ECD,又因为两角有一个公共的角∠ACD,所以∠BCD=∠ACE,根据SAS得出△ACE≌△BCD.(2)由(1)的论证结果得出∠DAE=90°,AE=DB,从而求出AD2+DB2=DE2,即2CD2=AD2+DB2.【解答】证明:(1)∵△ABC和△ECD都是等腰直角三角形,∴AC=BC,CD=CE,∵∠ACB=∠DCE=90°,∴∠ACE+∠ACD=∠BCD+∠ACD,∴∠ACE=∠BCD,在△ACE和△BCD中,,∴△AEC≌△BDC(SAS);(2)∵△ACB是等腰直角三角形,∴∠B=∠BAC=45度.∵△ACE≌△BCD,∴∠B=∠CAE=45°∴∠DAE=∠CAE+∠BAC=45°+45°=90°,∴AD2+AE2=DE2.由(1)知AE=DB,∴AD2+DB2=DE2,即2CD2=AD2+DB2.22.某一公路的道路维修工程,准备从甲、乙两个工程队选一个队单独完成.根据两队每天的工程费用和每天完成的工程量可知,若由两队合做此项维修工程,6天可以完成,共需工程费用385200元,若单独完成此项维修工程,甲队比乙队少用5天,每天的工程费用甲队比乙队多4000元,从节省资金的角度考虑,应该选择哪个工程队?【考点】分式方程的应用.【分析】设甲队单独完成此项工程需要x天,乙队单独完成需要(x+5)天,然后依据6天可以完成,列出关于x的方程,从而可求得甲、乙两队单独完成需要的天数,然后设甲队每天的工程费为y元,则可表示出乙队每天的工程费,接下来,根据两队合作6天的工程费用为385200元列方程求解,于是可得到两队独做一天各自的工程费,然后可求得完成此项工程的工程费,从而可得出问题的答案.【解答】解:设甲队单独完成此项工程需要x天,乙队单独完成需要(x+5)天.依据题意可列方程:+=,解得:x1=10,x2=﹣3(舍去).经检验:x=10是原方程的解.设甲队每天的工程费为y元.依据题意可列方程:6y+6(y﹣4000)=385200,解得:y=34100.甲队完成此项工程费用为34100×10=341000元.乙队完成此项工程费用为30100×15=451500元.答:从节省资金的角度考虑,应该选择甲工程队.23.已知反比例函数y=的图象在二四象限,一次函数为y=kx+b(b>0),直线x=1与x轴交于点B,与直线y=kx+b交于点A,直线x=3与x轴交于点C,与直线y=kx+b交于点D.(1)若点A,D都在第一象限,求证:b>﹣3k;(2)在(1)的条件下,设直线y=kx+b与x轴交于点E与y轴交于点F,当=且△OFE 的面积等于时,求这个一次函数的解析式,并直接写出不等式>kx+b的解集.【考点】反比例函数综合题.【分析】(1)由反比例函数y=的图象在二四象限,得到k<0,于是得到一次函数为y=kx+b随x的增大而减小,根据A,D都在第一象限,得到不等式即可得到结论;(2)根据题意得到,由三角形的面积公式得到S△OEF=×(﹣)×b=联立方程组解得k=﹣,b=3,即可得到结论.【解答】解:(1)证明:∵反比例函数y=的图象在二四象限,∴k<0,∴一次函数为y=kx+b随x的增大而减小,∵A,D都在第一象限,∴3k+b>0,∴b>﹣3k;(2)由题意知:,∴①,∵E(﹣,0),F(0,b),∴S△OEF=×(﹣)×b=②,由①②联立方程组解得:k=﹣,b=3,∴这个一次函数的解析式为y=﹣x+3,解﹣=﹣x+3得x1=,x2=,∴直线y=kx+b与反比例函数y=的交点坐标的横坐标是或,∴不等式>kx+b的解集为<x<0或x>.24.如图,已知AD是△ABC的外角∠EAC的平分线,交BC的延长线于点D,延长DA 交△ABC的外接圆于点F,连接FB,FC.(1)求证:∠FBC=∠FCB;(2)已知FA•FD=12,若AB是△ABC外接圆的直径,FA=2,求CD的长.【考点】相似三角形的判定与性质;三角形的外接圆与外心.【分析】(1)由圆内接四边形的性质和邻补角关系证出∠FBC=∠CAD,再由角平分线和对顶角相等得出∠FAB=∠CAD,由圆周角定理得出∠FAB=∠FCB,即可得出结论;(2)由(1)得:∠FBC=∠FCB,由圆周角定理得出∠FAB=∠FBC,由公共角∠BFA=∠BFD,证出△AFB∽△BFD,得出对应边成比例求出BF,得出FD、AD的长,由圆周角定理得出∠BFA=∠BCA=90°,由三角函数求出∠FBA=30°,再由三角函数求出CD的长即可.【解答】(1)证明:∵四边形AFBC内接于圆,∴∠FBC+∠FAC=180°,∵∠CAD+∠FAC=180°,∴∠FBC=∠CAD,∵AD是△ABC的外角∠EAC的平分线,∴∠EAD=∠CAD,∵∠EAD=∠FAB,∴∠FAB=∠CAD,又∵∠FAB=∠FCB,∴∠FBC=∠FCB;(2)解:由(1)得:∠FBC=∠FCB,又∵∠FCB=∠FAB,∴∠FAB=∠FBC,∵∠BFA=∠BFD,∴△AFB∽△BFD,∴,∴BF2=FA•FD=12,∴BF=2,∵FA=2,∴FD=6,AD=4,∵AB为圆的直径,∴∠BFA=∠BCA=90°,∴tan∠FBA===,∴∠FBA=30°,又∵∠FDB=∠FBA=30°,∴CD=AD•cos30°=4×=2.25.已知二次函数y=ax2﹣2ax+c(a<0)的最大值为4,且抛物线过点(,﹣),点P(t,0)是x轴上的动点,抛物线与y轴交点为C,顶点为D.(1)求该二次函数的解析式,及顶点D的坐标;(2)求|PC﹣PD|的最大值及对应的点P的坐标;(3)设Q(0,2t)是y轴上的动点,若线段PQ与函数y=a|x|2﹣2a|x|+c的图象只有一个公共点,求t的取值.【考点】二次函数综合题.【分析】(1)先利用对称轴公式x=﹣计算对称轴,即顶点坐标为(1,4),再将两点代入列二元一次方程组求出解析式;(2)根据三角形的三边关系:可知P、C、D三点共线时|PC﹣PD|取得最大值,求出直线CD与x轴的交点坐标,就是此时点P的坐标;(3)先把函数中的绝对值化去,可知y=,此函数是两个二次函数的一部分,分三种情况进行计算:①当线段PQ过点(0,3),即点Q与点C重合时,两图象有一个公共点,当线段PQ过点(3,0),即点P与点(3,0)重合时,两函数有两个公共点,写出t的取值;②线段PQ与当函数y=a|x|2﹣2a|x|+c(x≥0)时有一个公共点时,求t 的值;③当线段PQ过点(﹣3,0),即点P与点(﹣3,0)重合时,线段PQ与当函数y=a|x|2﹣2a|x|+c(x<0)时也有一个公共点,则当t≤﹣3时,都满足条件;综合以上结论,得出t 的取值.【解答】解:(1)∵y=ax2﹣2ax+c的对称轴为:x=﹣=1,∴抛物线过(1,4)和(,﹣)两点,代入解析式得:,解得:a=﹣1,c=3,∴二次函数的解析式为:y=﹣x2+2x+3,∴顶点D的坐标为(1,4);(2)∵C、D两点的坐标为(0,3)、(1,4);由三角形两边之差小于第三边可知:|PC﹣PD|≤|CD|,∴P、C、D三点共线时|PC﹣PD|取得最大值,此时最大值为,|CD|=,由于CD所在的直线解析式为y=x+3,将P(t,0)代入得t=﹣3,∴此时对应的点P为(﹣3,0);(3)y=a|x|2﹣2a|x|+c的解析式可化为:y=设线段PQ所在的直线解析式为y=kx+b,将P(t,0),Q(0,2t)代入得:线段PQ所在的直线解析式:y=﹣2x+2t,∴①当线段PQ过点(0,3),即点Q与点C重合时,线段PQ与函数y=有一个公共点,此时t=,当线段PQ过点(3,0),即点P与点(3,0)重合时,t=3,此时线段PQ与y=有两个公共点,所以当≤t<3时,线段PQ与y=有一个公共点,②将y=﹣2x+2t代入y=﹣x2+2x+3(x≥0)得:﹣x2+2x+3=﹣2x+2t,﹣x2+4x+3﹣2t=0,令△=16﹣4(﹣1)(3﹣2t)=0,t=>0,所以当t=时,线段PQ与y=也有一个公共点,③当线段PQ过点(﹣3,0),即点P与点(﹣3,0)重合时,线段PQ只与y=﹣x2﹣2x+3(x<0)有一个公共点,此时t=﹣3,所以当t≤﹣3时,线段PQ与y=也有一个公共点,综上所述,t的取值是≤t<3或t=或t≤﹣3.。
2016年呼和浩特市中考试卷
㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀号证考准㊀名姓2016年呼和浩特市中考试卷历史㊀思想品德:1.考生务必将自己的姓名㊁准考证号填涂在试卷和答题卡的规定位置㊂2.考生要将答案写在答题卡上,在试卷上答题一律无效㊂考试结束后,本试卷和答题卡一并交回㊂3.本试卷满分70分㊂考试时间70分钟㊂历史部分(满分40分)㊁选择题(下列各题的四个选项中,只有一个是最符合题目要求的㊂每小题1分,共16分)四大发明中,对信息的记录㊁储存和传播,影响最显著㊁最久远的是A.火药B.印刷术C.指南针D.造纸术魏晋南北朝时期,传统造型风格与外来佛教艺术结合的突出表现是A.兰亭书法B.阎立本画作C.龙门石窟D.赵州石拱桥下列因不平等条约签订而发生的事件是A.‘南京条约“ 虎门销烟B.‘马关条约“ 公车上书C.‘辛丑条约“ 义和团运动D.‘凡尔赛和约“ 五四运动近代先进中国人向西方学习的发展历程是A.思想 制度 器物B.制度 器物 思想C.器物 制度 思想D.思想 器物 制度国共关系直接影响着中国革命的前途和命运㊂下面两党关系演变图中,实现再合作的原因是A.日本侵华加剧了民族危机B.共产党改编红军停止了内战C.国民政府改组缓和了矛盾D.东北军和八路军实现了联合6.根据右图判断八路军的主要攻击目标是百团大战形势示意图A.毁坏日伪据点交通线B.夺取沦陷区的大城市C.在正面战场与敌对峙D.消灭国民党有生力量7.人民英雄纪念碑的碑文中写道:三十年以来,在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽! 文中的 人民革命 是指A.旧民主主义革命B.辛亥革命C.新民主主义革命D.国民革命8.十一届三中全会指出:要多方面地改变同生产力发展不适应的生产关系和上层建筑,改变一切不适应的管理方式㊁活动方式和思想方式㊂下列属于这一范围的 改变 包括①发展乡镇企业②实行多种分配方式并存③扩大经营自主权④多种所有制共同发展A.①③④B.②③④C.①②④D.①②③④9.1954年‘中华人民共和国宪法“中,明确指出新中国的国家性质是A.新民主主义国家B.人民民主国家C.社会主义国家D.民族自治国家10.按时间先后顺序排列下列建国后的外交活动①万隆会议上提出 求同存异 ②首次提出和平共处五项原则③举办上海亚太经合组织会议④恢复我国在联合国的合法席位⑤中美两国正式建立外交关系A.①②④⑤③B.①②⑤④③C.②①④⑤③D.②①⑤④③11.14至16世纪,欧洲资产阶级文艺复兴运动的结果是A.否定了古典文化B.推翻了教会统治C.创新了神学观念D.宣扬了人文思想12.18世纪60年代,从英国开始的工业革命,导致了生产领域出现革命性的变化㊂这里革命性的变化 是指A.人力的解放B.机器的使用C.分工的细密D.技术的改进13.1857 1859年印度民族大起义的领导者是A.移民后代B.农民阶级C.封建王公D.各地妇女14.彼得格勒武装起义胜利后,苏维埃政府的下列措施带有明显无产阶级革命性质的是A.将银行㊁铁路和大工业收归国有B.建立红军反对协约国武装干涉C.签订和约退出第一次世界大战D.把首都从彼得格勒迁到莫斯科15.巴黎和会重构了四大帝国崩溃后欧洲的秩序,崩溃帝国中的 非战败国 是A.俄罗斯帝国B.德意志帝国C.土耳其帝国D.奥匈帝国16.雅尔塔会议协调了对德的军事行动,会后苏军发动的对德攻势是A.斯大林格勒会战B.诺曼底登陆C.中途岛海战D.柏林战役二㊁判断正误题(每小题1分,共4分㊂正确的选 ɿ ,错误的选 ˑ )17.孔子希望恢复传承西周的政治制度,庄子对此提出了批评㊂18.中国近代交通㊁通讯和大众报业的发展完全依靠外来技术㊂19.社会主义现代化建设新时期我国仍处于社会主义初级阶段㊂20.1929 1933年的经济大危机使资本主义制度遭受到了挑战㊂三㊁材料题(每题5分,共10分)21.观察材料,回答问题㊂中国工农红军长征路线示意图(1)指出长征中发生在图上甲乙两地的历史事件㊂(2分)(2)观察上图并结合所学写出长征的性质㊂(1分)(3)毛泽东说: 长征是播种机,长征是宣传队,长征是宣言书 长征是以我们的胜利,敌人的失败宣告结束 ㊂结合这句话简要谈谈你对长征历史意义的认识㊂(2分)22.阅读材料,回答问题㊂材料㊀传说神农氏尝百草,首开中医发展先河㊂甲骨文中记载的疾病有数十种,西周时开始分科治病㊂后期的中医学发展见下表:时期医学家主要成就文化发展阶段先秦扁鹊用针刺㊁按摩㊁汤药治疗,采用望㊁闻㊁问㊁切诊断疾病㊂勃兴秦汉张仲景著作‘伤寒杂病论“,阐述中医理论和治病原则㊂发展㊁昌盛隋唐孙思邈人称 药王 ,著作‘千金方“,在医药学史上占有重要地位㊂㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀明清李时珍著作‘本草纲目“广为流传,成为世界医药学的重要文献㊂总结㊀㊀(1)请填出材料中孙思邈所处的时代文化发展的特征㊂(1分)(2)如果在表格中再加入一位古代医学家,应该选谁?并说明理由㊂(2分)(3)根据材料总结古代中医在历史发展中表现出的整体特点㊂(2分)四㊁简答题(每题5分,共10分)23.简述中共八大召开前夕,国内的经济形势㊂(2分)据此,八大制定的主要任务是什么?(2分)请对此作出简要评价㊂(1分)24.华盛顿和拿破仑是杰出的政治家㊁军事家㊂请举出两人创建资产阶级民主法制的各一项活动,(2分)并分别说明两位军事天才领导的战争性质㊂(3分)思想品德部分(满分30分)㊁选择题(下列各题的四个选项中,只有一个是最符合题目要求的㊂每小题1分,共10分)我国保护公民合法财产及其所有权的锐利武器是A .刑事法律B .行政法律手段C .民事法律D .国家审判机关尊重每一个人的权利,维护每一个人的尊严,哪怕他(她)有罪有错㊂这是基本的法治理念,也是文明社会的底线㊂ 对此理解正确的是①必须坚持权利与义务相统一的原则②任何公民的合法权利都应受到保护③人格尊严是公民最基本的政治权利④必须坚持公民在法律面前人人平等的原则A .①②B .①③C .③④D .②④电子商务在方便人们生活的同时,也不同程度上存在着先涨价再打折㊁换下新款销售旧款㊁以次充好㊁以假乱真㊁ 特价商品 缺货等行为㊂这些行为①体现了市场调节的滞后性②违反了市场交易的竞争原则③侵犯了消费者的合法权益④破坏了正常的市场运行秩序A .①②B .③④C .②③D .①④在法律上,不作为 行为的实质在于A .放弃应当享有的权利B .不做法律鼓励的事C .不履行法律规定的义务D .做了法律禁止的事关于教育的地位和作用,下列说法不正确∙∙∙的是①教育是发展科学技术和培养人才的基础②发展教育事业必须加大教育投入③教育在现代化建设中具有基础性㊁先导性作用④发展教育事业必须深化教育体制改革A .①②B .②④C .①③D .③④6.2016年初,首个中国倡议设立的多边金融机构(有57个创始会员国)亚投行正式开业㊂与既有的世界银行㊁亚洲开发银行相比,中国从过去的参与者成为了组织者,这将对重塑中国在全球经济和金融中的新角色产生深远影响㊂从经济的角度看,这一举措①表明中国同有关国家存在着共同利益,体现了我国的国家性质②有利于人民币国际化,提升我国经济发展的可持续性和协调性③有利于提升我国对外开放水平,培育 走出去 发展战略的新优势④有利于转移国内的各种矛盾,促进中国成为经济全球化的主要构建者和推动者A .②③④B .①③④C .②④D .②③7.第十二届全国人大常委会决定,将每年的9月3日和12月13日分别设立为中国人民抗日战争胜利纪念日和南京大屠杀公祭日㊂从文化生活的角度看,中国以法定形式确定纪念日和设立公祭日的重要意义在于A .弘扬和培育以爱国主义为核心的伟大民族精神B .维护我国的国家利益C .为全面深化改革的伟大实践注入新的时代精神D .创造中华文化新的辉煌,实现中华民族的伟大复兴8.十八届四中全会提出建立宪法宣誓制度,凡经人大及其常委会选举或者决定任命的国家工作人员正式就职时要公开向宪法宣誓㊂建立宪法宣誓制度①昭示宪法是治国安邦的总章程,不可违②消除了民主自由与依法治国的矛盾③是贯彻全面依法治国的重要形式④是保障人民当家作主的根本措施A .①②B .①③④C .①③D .①②④9.在我国社会主义初级阶段,国有经济起主导作用,主要体现在控制力上㊂对国有经济的控制力,我们应这样理解①控制社会总资产的多数②控制力表现在国有经济数量越多越好③控制经济运行的整体态势㊁控制重要稀缺资源的能力④控制国民经济的重要行业和关键领域㊁控制国民经济的发展方向A .①③B .③④C .②④D .②③10.中国特色社会主义是由道路㊁理论体系㊁制度三位一体构成的㊂对此理解正确的是①走中国特色社会主义的发展道路是实现中国梦的必由之路②三者分别指明了中国特色社会主义的实现途径㊁根本保障和行动指南③中国特色社会主义理论体系是由毛泽东思想㊁邓小平理论㊁ 三个代表 重要思想㊁科学发展观构成的④坚定不移地发展人民民主,切实保证广大人民民主权利的实现,是坚持与发展中国特色社会主义制度的本质要求A.①③④B.①②③C.③④D.①④二㊁判断正误题(本题包括6小题,每小题1分,共6分㊂对的将答题纸上的 ɿ 涂黑,错的将 ˑ 涂黑)11.维护公平和正义必须以遵守规则及其程序为前提㊂12.在我国现阶段,多数继承采用的是遗嘱继承㊂13.消费者的人身㊁财产安全,是公民在社会中生存的基本条件㊂14.民族团结是民族区域自治制度的核心内容㊂15.在我国,享受权利才是人民当家作主的体现㊂16.实现经济可持续发展应把增加国家投入作为经济发展的主要方式㊂三㊁简要回答问题(本题包括2小题,每小题3分,共6分)17.简述我国法律的作用㊂18.健全劳动㊁资本㊁技术㊁管理等生产要素按贡献参与分配的制度有何意义?四㊁分析说明题(8分)材料一:国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划,秉承创新∙∙㊁协调∙∙㊁绿色∙∙㊁开放∙∙㊁共享∙∙的发展理念,将带领中国奔向全面小康社会,奔向共和国 第一个百年目标 ㊂材料二:党的十八届五中全会提出,坚持共享发展∙∙∙∙∙∙,必须坚持发展为了人民㊁发展依靠人民㊁发展成果由人民共享,作出更有效的制度安排,使全体人民在共建共享发展中有更多获得感,实现全体人民共同迈入全面小康社会㊂19.阅读材料,回答下列问题:(1)我国目前的小康水平是怎样的?(1分)(2)结合材料一,谈谈实现 十三五 规划宏伟蓝图,我国还面临哪些严峻挑战?(3分)(3)结合材料二,说明如期实现建成全面小康社会奋斗目标,必须遵循的原则有哪些?(4分)。
2016年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考物理试卷(含详细答案)
物理试卷 第1页(共22页)物理试卷 第2页(共22页)绝密★启用前内蒙古呼和浩特市2016年中考试卷物 理本试卷满分70分,考试时间60分钟。
本卷10 N/kg g =。
一、选择题(本题共10小题,共22分。
第1~8小题为单选题,每小题选对得2分,选错得0分。
第9、10小题为多选题,全部选对得3分,选对但不全的得2分,有选错的得0分)1.炎炎夏日,考场如火。
细心的监考老师轻轻地在教室地面上洒了些水,不一会儿,考生们就有了凉爽、舒适的感觉。
对于这一现象所蕴含的物理知识,下列说法中正确的是 ( ) A .利用了水的蒸发,吸收热量 B .利用了水的沸腾,吸收热量 C .利用了水的汽化,放出热量 D .利用了水的液化,吸收热量2.自然界中有许多有趣的光现象,下列光现象中,属于光沿直线传播的是 ( ) A .空游泳池中注水后,看起来变浅了 B .平静的湖面上倒映着岸边的景物C .开凿隧道时,工人们用激光束引导掘进机D .雨后的天空中,出现了一道彩虹3.如图所示,下列说法中错误的是 ( )A .这是模拟奥斯特实验的一个场景B .图示实验说明了通电导线周围存在磁场C .将电池正负极对调后,重新闭合电路,小磁针偏转方向改变D .将图中导线断开,小磁针N 极将指向地磁的北极4.下列估测的数据中,最接近实际的是 ( ) A .“PM 2.5”是指大气中直径大于2.5 mm 的细颗粒物 B .目前为止,人类奔跑的速度最快可达约40 km /hC .正常情况下,用停表测量,人的脉搏每跳动10次所用时间约为45 sD .普通教室的高度约为65 dm5.下列关于信息、能源及可持续发展,判断正确的是 ( ) A .电磁波与声波都可以在真空中传播B .手机之间信息的传递是电磁波在空中的传播来完成的C .质量较大的原子核发生分裂能释放出惊人的能量,人类由此制成核电站,有百利而无一害D .电磁波在真空中的传播速度为8310km/s ⨯6.关于声的知识,下列说法正确的是 ( )A .声音既可以传递信息,又可以传递能量B .噪声扰民主要是因为其音调太高C .声音在15℃的空气中,传播速度约为1 500 m /sD .超声波在空气中比次声波传播速度大 7.下列有关电的知识判断,不正确的是( )A .自然界只有两种电荷,正电荷和负电荷B .电子带负电,所带电荷量为191.610C -⨯C .能导电的物体叫作导体,不能导电的物体叫作绝缘体D .一个氦原子,其核中有2个正电荷,其核外有2个电子 8.以下说法正确的是 ( ) A .投篮时,篮球离手后继续飞向篮筐是因为篮球受推力的作用 B .手握水杯静止在空中,水杯只受重力、摩擦力这两个力的作用 C .太阳东升西落,说明无论以什么物体为参照物,它都是运动的 D .以卵击石,虽然卵破,但卵对石头的力与石头对卵的力大小相等9.如图所示,小宇同学在“测量小灯泡电功率”的实验中,将电压表并联在滑动变阻器两端,闭合开关,发现电路存在故障,并作如下分析,下列判断正确的是 ( ) A .若灯不亮,电压表有示数,电路故障可能是灯泡断路 B .若灯不亮,电流表有示数,电路故障可能是灯泡短路C .若灯不亮,两表都有示数,电路故障可能是滑动变阻器短路D .若灯不亮,电压表有示数,电路故障可能是滑动变阻器断路 10.如图所示,下列判断正确的是 ( )(一)(二)(三)(四)甲 乙 丙 丁A .如图(一)所示,静止漂浮在水面的木块,现施加一个竖直向下的力使木块缓缓匀速沉入水底,在这个过程中,木块受到的浮力随时间变化规律如图甲所示B .如图(二)所示,小球从光滑斜面顶端由静止向下运动,在向下运动过程中,小球与出发点的距离随时间变化规律如图乙所示C .如图(三)所示,静止在水平桌面上质量为m 的水杯,现向杯中匀速缓慢注水,从注水毕业学校_____________ 姓名________________ 考生号________________ ________________ ___________-------------在--------------------此--------------------卷--------------------上--------------------答--------------------题--------------------无--------------------效----------------开始到注满的过程中,水杯对桌面的压强随时间变化规律如图丙所示D.如图(四)所示,质地均匀的长方体木块在水平向右的拉力F作用下,匀速向右移动,从图示位置开始至木块有1/3离开桌面为止,木块对桌面的压强随时间变化规律如图丁所示二、实验题(本题共4小题,每小题3分,共12分)11.徐老师和同学们在实验室做探究“水沸腾时温度变化特点”的实验时,观察到水沸腾时温度计示数如图所示,则所测水的沸点为℃,出现这一结果的原因可能是该处大气压(填“大于”“小于”或“等于”)标准大气压;开始实验时烧杯内最好装入热水,这样做的好处是。
2016年历年内蒙古呼和浩特市化学中考真题及答案
2016年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考真题化学一、选择题1.地壳中含量最多的金属元素是( )A.OB.SiC.AlD.Fe解析:地壳里各元素的含量由多到少的顺序排列依次是氧,硅,铝,铁,因此地壳中含量最多的金属元素是Al。
答案:C2.下列物质的用途利用了其物理性质的是( )A.干冰用作制冷剂B.焦炭用于炼铁C.氢气用作高能洁净的燃料D.氮气用于制备氮肥和燃料解析:A、干冰用作制冷剂是利用干冰升华吸热,属于物理性质,答案项正确;B、焦炭用于炼铁是利用焦炭的还原性,属于化学性质,答案项错误;C、氢气用作高能洁净的燃料是氢气的可燃性,属于化学性质,答案项错误;D、氮气用于制备氮肥和燃料,属于氮气的化学性质,答案项错误。
答案:A3.下列变化与空气中氧气有关的是( )A.生石灰在空气中变质B.浓硫酸在空气中变稀C.烧碱在空气中潮解D.铜制品在空气中变成铜绿解析:A、生石灰与空气中的水反应生成熟石灰从而变质,故不符合题意;B、浓硫酸具有吸水性,会吸收空气中的水分,从而使浓硫酸变稀,故不符合题意;C、烧碱能吸收空气中的水分而潮解,故不符合题意;D、铜制品在空气中和二氧化碳、水等反应变成铜绿,故符合题意。
答案:D4.下列说法中正确的是( )A.含有可溶性钙、镁化合物的水是硬水B.温度升高或压强增大时,气体在水中的溶解度均增大C.氢氧燃料电池把氢气和氧气反映的化学能直接转化为电能D.混有泥沙的天然水通过加明矾吸附、过滤、蒸馏、消毒杀菌,可净化为生活用的自来水解析:A、硬水是含有较多钙、镁化合物的水,故A说法错误;B、气体的溶解度随温度升高而降低,随压强升高而升高,故B说法错误;C、氢氧燃料电池是把氢气和氧气反应的化学能直接转化为电能,供人们使用,故C说法正确;D、混有泥沙的天然水通过加明矾吸附、过滤、消毒杀菌,可净化为生活用的自来水,无需蒸馏,故D说法错误。
答案:C5.在①合金、黄铁矿、石油、纯碱②N2、P、Mg、O2③Al2O3、Fe3O4、CuO、SO2三组物质中,每组有一种物质在分类上与其他物质不同,这三种物质分别是( )A.纯碱、Mg、SO2B.黄铁矿、Mg、Al2O3C.合金、O2、Fe3O4D.纯碱、P、SO2解析:在①合金、黄铁矿、石油、纯碱中,纯碱属于化合物,其它属于混合物;在②N2、P、Mg、O2中,镁是金属单质,其它是非金属单质;在③Al2O3、Fe3O4、CuO、SO2中,二氧化硫是非金属氧化物,其它是金属氧化物。
16内蒙古自治区中考真题解析
第 6题解图
26π=2πr,∴ r=13,∵ AB∥ CD且 AB与
CD之间的距离为 18,∴OM=18-r=5,∵
AB为 ⊙O的 切 线,∴ ∠CMO=∠AEO=
90°,∴在 Rt△CMO中,CM=槡OC2-OM2
=12,∴CD=2CM=24.
15.(-a-2,-b)或(-a+2,-b) 【解析】
12.y>1或
-
1 2
≤
y<0
【解
析
】∵
函
数
3.D 【解析】三角形内角和为 180°,A为不可能事件,故 A错误;概 率指的是事件发生可能性大小的数值,概率为 0.6,即发生可能 性较大,故 B错误;抽样调查为了获得较为准确的调查结果,抽样 时要注意样本的代表性和广泛性,故 C错误;调查某城市的空气 质量数据量较大,不易获得精准结果,宜采用抽样调查,故 D正 确,故选 D.
=32槡6,∴DF= 槡CF2+CD2
=52槡6,∵ ∠EFG=90,∴ ∠EFB+
∠DFC=90,∵∠EFB+∠BEF=90,∴∠DFC=∠BEF,又∵∠B
16.①②③④ 【解析】①对应角相等的两个三角形相似,且面积比 为相似比的平方,又∵两三角形面积相等,∴ 相似比的平方为 1,即相似比为 1,即全等,故①为真命题;②若 x=0则 x2-x=0, 故②为真命题;③若二元一次方程组有无数个解,则这两个二元 一次方程为同一个一次函数的解析式,即两条直线重合,故原式 可变形为 yy= =x bx++a1,∴a=b=1,故③ 为真命题;④5xy+3y-
6.B 【解析】∵AB=15,AC=9,BC=12,∴ AB2=AC2 +BC2,∴△ABC为 Rt△ABC, 如解图,作圆心 O,连接 OA、OB、OC,过点 O分别作 AB、BC、AC的 垂 线 交 于 点 D、 E、F,∵ ⊙O是 Rt△ABC的内 切 圆,∴ ∠OFC=∠FCE=∠CEO =90°,OE =
2016年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考英语试卷
2016年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考英语试卷第一卷(选择题,共计85分)一、单项选择1. - What can I do for you, sir?- I want ______ iPhone6s plus for my wife as ______ useful gift.A. an, aB. a, anC. an, theD. a; a2. - There is no salt left. Jim, would you like to get ______?- OK, Mum.A. itB. oneC. someD. any3. - Where are you going this month?- We ______ go to Xiamen, but we’re not sure.A. needn’tB. mightC. mustD. mustn’t4. I’ll go to visit my aunt in England ______ the summer holiday starts.A. whileB. sinceC. untilD. as soon as5. - I have to be off right now.- What a pity! I______ you could stay a little longer with us.A. thoughtB. am thinkingC. thinkD. was thinking6. He is very rich, but that day he bought ______ bike to save money for the poor children.A. an expensiveB. a more expensiveC. the more cheaperD. the cheapest7. - Did you watch the football game yesterday?- Yes, I did. John is really a dark horse, nobody ______ him to go so far.A. wantedB. encouragedC. expectedD. hoped8. Being blind is something ______ most people can't imagine.A. thatB. whatC. whoD. which9. I am looking after Tom today; he’s been in my house ______ 8:00 this morning.A. AtB. sinceC. forD. till10. - Jack, could you help me ______ when the plane will take off on the internet?- I'm sorry, but my computer doesn't work.A. get outB. look outC. take outD. find out11. - I came first in the long jump.- ______, I'm so proud of you.A. Good luckB. Have funC. Well doneD. You're joking12. - I tried to make Alice ______ her mind but I found it difficult.- Well, I saw you ______ that when I went past.A. changed; doB. Changes; doingC. Change; to doD. change; doing13. The car looks nice, ______, it's much greener because it uses electricity.A. howeverB. what's worseC. even thoughD. besides14. Don't worry I'm sure you’ll ______ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them.A. catch up withB. be pleased withC. get on well withD. agree with,15. There are so many foggy days recently, we all wonder ______.A. how is the air pollutedB. why the air is seriously pollutedC. what can we do to prevent that bad weatherD. what are the real reasons二、完形填空AStudents are always asked to do much homework, Have you read the following passages?You'd better not work when you're very hungry. If you 16. ______ yourhomework right after school, You may have a snack before getting to work. Always do your homework 17. ______ you get tired. 18. ______ wait until very late in the evening, or the homework will seem much 19. ______ than it really is.Break your time into manageable (易处理的) period. If you have more than 20. ______, give yourself a break after an hour. On the other hand, don't break it up 21. ______ that you can't get anything done. You should be able to work at least after an hour at a time 22. ______. Don't put it off until the last 23. ______. If you put off doing your homework, you will always think of it, and you won't enjoy your 24. ______ so much. If you put it off until the end of the week or until right before a test, you will have too much work to do for the exam.A little bit each night, enough to keep up with what is happening each day in school, will take the fear out of tests and keep you on top of it all. Do your homework 25. ______ every day. This will help you make it a habit. It will make it easier to do, and it will make free time more enjoyable as well.16. A. decide to do B. decided doing C. have done D. did17. A. after B. when C. because D. before18. A Not B. Please C. Don't D. Always19. A harder B. hard C. easy D. easier20. A. one hour work B. an hour workC. a work of an hourD. an hour's work21. A. so much B. so little C. so often D. so well22. A. with a stop B. without stopping C. stopping D. stop23. A. week B. hour C. minute D. day24. A. lunch B. free time C. meals D. snack25. A. at a time B. in a short timeC. onceD. at the same timeBYou may think that English dictionaries have been used for many centuries. In fact, an English dictionary you 26. ______ today wasn’t made until the Qing Dynasty (清朝). Three men did most of the important 27. ______ work on dictionaries. They spent nearly all their lives trying to 28. ______ words for their dictionaries. For them, It was a wonderful journey. The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary. The 29. ______ for this dictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857. Twenty-two years later, Oxford University asked James Murray to be the editor of its new dictionary.Murray had never been to 30. ______. At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank, 31. ______ he became a great teacher. After Oxford give him the job, Murray had a small house 32. ______ in his garden to do the work. Every morning, Mary got out of bed at five o'clock and 33. ______ in the small house several hours before breakfast. Often he would work into the night. Murray hoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years. But after five years, he was 34. ______ adding words for the letter “A”! He worked on the dictionary 35. ______ he was very old.Forty-four years later, in 1928, other editors finished the dictionary.26. A. write B. use C. copy D. miss27. A. early B. boring C. easy D. difficult28. A spell B. collect C. invent D. make29. A. way B. use C. idea D. prize30. A. school B. cinema C. village D. college31. A. ever since B. since then C. so far D. later32. A. built B. sold C. broken D. drawn33. A. read B. wrote C. worked D. thought34. A. already B. still C. usually D. always35. A. if B. because C. until D. unless三、阅读理解AWhat do you often do when you wait for a bus or a train at the station?Tom arrived at the bus station quite early for Paris bus. The bus for Paris would not leave until five to twelve. He saw a lot of people waiting in the station. Some were standing in line; others were walking around. There was a group of schoolgirls. The teacher was trying to keep them in line. Tom looked around but there was no place for him to sit.He walked into the station Coffee. He looked up at that clock there. It was only twenty to twelve. He found a seat and sat down before a large mirror (镜子) on the wall. Just then, Mike, One of Tom’s workmates, came in and sat with Tom. “What time is your bus?” asked Mike. “There's plenty of time yet.” answered Tom. “Well, I’ll get you more t ea then” said Mike.They talked while drinking, then Tom looked at the clock again. “Oh! It's going backward!” he cried. “A few minutes ago, it was twenty to twelve and now it's half past eleven”“You're looking at the clock in the Mirror” Said Mike. Tom was so sad. The next bus was not to leave for another hour. Since then Tom has never liked mirrors.36. Tom went into the station Coffee because ______.A. Mike asked him to have a cup of tea togetherB. he wanted to have a drink with his work mate thereC. he didn't like to stay with the schoolgirlsD. It was quite early and he couldn't find a seat in the station37. What time was it in fact when Tom looked at the clock in the mirror?A. Half past elevenB. Twenty two twelveC. Half past twelveD. Half past one38. From the story we know that when will look at a clock in a mirror, we will find ______.A. it's going backwardB. it's going slowerC. the time is rightD. it's going faster39. Which of the following is true?A. Tom arrived in Paris on time that dayB. Tom looked at the clock in the mirror only onceC. After that Tom didn't like clocks any longerD. The next bus would leave in half an hour40. Which of the following is the best title of the story?A. The Clock in the MirrorB. Not a Careful ManC. Being later for a busD. The Mirror of the StationBTraveling is an exciting experience. It makes us feel pleased, and enjoy new wonders and new part of life that we’ve never known. A single holiday trip can give you the freedom and the chance to make changes that daily life does not allow. It matters little where you go on your holiday. It is all in what you make of it. Any travel can be interesting and attractive, and give you memories to last a lifetime.Having those memories is truly what travels are all about. Many people say that a bit of a planning and research before you leave can make sure of those long- lasting memories. But why not try something unexpected? In fact, the most unforgettable moments of a travel experience are the ones that you don't plan for. Yes, maybe you’ll experience a bad meal in an unfamiliar place. But this experience will make sure you discover little-known shops or an open- air theater production that is only advertised in the local paper.You’ll find the enjoyable moments happening all around you: awonderful sunset or a small child playing in the puddles (水洼) of a cobble (鹅卵石) road. The magic will truly be in the trip you take. Take time to go for a long walk for enjoyment when visiting a new place. Which will allow you to listen, smell, and see the different culture and sights that your busy life may stop you from enjoying?Simple things such as a leaf from a tree you sat under can keep the memories of your travel alive for years to come. Collect small things such as leaves, stones, or feathers, which can be turned into memorable works of art when you get back home.41. What can we learn from the passage?A. There is no need to choose where to go on holidayB. Plans can make traveling become uninteresting.C. Small things around you always look simpleD. Traveling is a good way for people to understand life.42. According to the writer, traveling is all about ______.A. having unforgettable experiencesB. having a healthy lifeC. enjoying natural wonders of the worldD. visiting places of interest43. If you want a most unforgettable travel experience, you could ______.A. learn much about the new placeB. research into all the possible ways of travelingC. find out as many local activities as possibleD. try something and unplanned44. What is really magical in the trip?A. The beautiful local sightsB. The enjoyment around youC. The different cultures and placesD. The enjoyment from a long walk45. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. traveling can make you tired but happy.B. traveling should be unexpected.C. traveling is a wonderful experience.D. traveling may change your life.CIt was a great pleasure for the family to move to a house with a very big garden. Betty and Tony could climb up trees, grow flowers and even play badminton. They liked to watch the birds flying among the trees in the garden. They even started to put food out to attract more birds.Everything was fine for a few days until one afternoon there was a strange bumping noise on a window. Betty went outside and found a small bird dead on the grass. Its neck seemed to be broken.“It must have f lown into the window”Tony said when his sister Betty called him to have a look” Ah, yes look here, you can see the mark where it hit the window. There are a couple of tiny feathers stuck on the window.”“Poor things!” Betty said.During the next month, five more birds died in the same way “Why would they fly to the windows?” We wondered. Finally, they knew the truth. When the birds were flying, they couldn't see into the rooms. All they saw was the reflection of the garden; they thought that they were flying into trees because they saw trees reflected by the window,“Something has to be done to save the birds” The parents decided.At first, the family tried keeping curtains (窗帘) across the windows, but this made the room dark. Then they bought some strong black paper and cut out the shape of a hawk. They made six hawks--one for each window. They stuck the hawks to the windows. They looked pretty and did not keep out much light, when the birds saw the hawks, they would fly away.After that, there were no more dead birds. The family was much happier.46. They put food out to attract birds because they ______.A. had a special garden for birdsB. had too much bird food to feed the birdsC. wanted to see more birds flying in the gardenD. wanted to catch some birds in the garden47. ______.birds died in the garden.A. SixB. FiveC. FourD. Seven48. The bird flew to the windows because they ______.A. found the windows very big and clean.B. wanted to fight for more foodC. thought there were more trees aheadD. wanted to go into the room49. The underlined word” hawk” means ______.A. 丛林B鹰 C.山脉 D.燕子50. The story is mainly about ______.A. why those birds died in their gardenB. Betty and Tony were good at paper- cutting.C. how the family saved the birds in the gardenD. the family had a new house with a big gardenDAre you happy most of the time? Or do you easily get angry sometimes? Everyone has a different temperament (脾气), It is usually believed that both genes (基因) and environment may influence people’s temperament in different ways. Scientists have found that the season of the birth also plays a role.Scientists from Budapest, Hungary, Studied 400 university students. Inthe study, the students needed to finish some questions to know which of four kinds of temperament they most had. From the questions, Scientists found that the students always answered something like “my mood often changes for no reason” and “I love to deal with new projects, even if it is risky” these answers were then connected with their birthdays.They discovered that people born in summer easily change between sad and happy moods compared to people born in winter. Those who always feel positive are mostly born in spring and summer.The study also found that those born in fall less probably had a mood of depression which may easily drive them to cry, while those in winter were not easier to be angry.Scientists said that this was probably because the seasons had an influence on certain chemicals in the human body. And the chemicals are important to control people's moods even in adult life. “It seems that when you are born may increase or decrease your change of developing certain mood, disorders” scientist Xenia Gonda told the Telegraph.根据上文内容判断正(T)误(F)51. Ages probably may influence people's temperaments according to the Paragraph 1.52. The underlined the word “depression” most probably means sadness.53. The answers to the questions of the study were matched with their birthdays.54. People born in winter get sad or happy more easily.55. The best title of this passage is “The Influence of Gene s”.ETom: Hi, Paul. I haven't seen you for years. 56. ____________Paul: Sorry I don't know you. Who are you?Tom: I'm Tom, Your cousin. 57. ____________Paul: Let me see oh you are tom, I heard you were in temperate university. Tom: Yes but now, I have finished the university.Paul: 58. ____________. But now you are thin and tall, so I couldn't. Tom: Really? I used to have sweet food. I ate too much. So I was very fat. Paul: 59. ____________Tom: Yes I still wear glasses.Paul: Where are you working now?Tom: I'm in Fudan University, I have been a teacher of the university. Paul: You are great. 60. ____________ I can treat you to dinner.Tom: Thank you. But I have a meeting.Paul: All right. See you next time.Tom: See you.第二卷(非选择题,共计35分)四、用所给词或短语的适当形式填空61. With ____________ of modern science, our life is becoming more and more comfortable.62. ____________ in the dark forest, Goldilocks suddenly found somethingshining.63 - Your shoes are so old, why don't you buy a new pair?- Because I ____________ all my money on an MP5.64. Will you ask for the job ____________ or by letter? This will influence the decision of the boss.65. The students’____________ at school is what we should pay more attention to.66. I’m trying to sleep, would you mind ____________ the music?67. ____________ The World Book Day, the bookshop sold books at a lower price on April, 23rd.68. These days the students of Junior Grade 3 are very busy and hard -working, they ____________ the entrance exam.69. My friend and I go to museums ____________ to learn what we can't get from textbooks.70. In my opinion, his suggestion about going camping ____________ at tomorrow's meeting because of the high cost.五、阅读理解填词Many years ago, in a small village, an old man was hired to clear the spring (泉水) up on the mountain. He took care of the spring every day, and 71. s____________ away all the leaves and other things 72. t____________ would make the water dirty. Soon, beautiful swans (天鹅) came to the clear spring ,and the village became a popular attraction for visitors.Years passed. One evening the town leaders, held a meeting. As they looked at the salary list, one of them said “Why do we keep this old man 73. o____________ year after year, I don’t think we need him or his work.” Later, the old man was 74. t____________ to leave.For several weeks, nothing changed. When early 75. a____________came, the leaves began to fall off the trees, and the spring was covered with leaves. A few days later, the water was much darker. Only a few months 76. a____________ the old man left, all the swans left, and the 77. t____________ didn’t come, either.Then they 78. r____________ their mistake and rehired the old man. a few weeks later, the spring began to clear up. Soon new life 79. r____________ to the village.So, my friends, do you see? No matter how small your work seems to be, 80. n____________ look down upon it. Anything we can do will make a difference.71. s____________ 72. t____________ 73. o____________74. t____________ 75. a____________ 76. a____________77. t____________ 78. r____________ 79. r____________80. n____________六、初级写作初中生活中,你有些什么改变?你是怎样改变的?请以“How I have changed”为题写一篇英语小短文,描述你发生的变化,写作内容包括:兴趣爱好、行为习惯、学习习惯等方面。
内蒙古呼和浩特市2016年中考理综真题试题(含解析)
2016年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考理综试题2016年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考物理试卷一、选择题(本题包括10小题,共22分,前8个题为单选题,每题2分,后两个小题为多选题,每题3分)1.炎炎夏日,考场如火,细心的监考老师轻轻地地教室地面上洒了些水,不一会儿,考生们就有凉爽、舒适的感觉.对于这一现象所蕴含的物理知识,下列说法中正确的是()A.利用了水的蒸发、吸收热量B.利用了水的沸腾、吸收热量C.利用了水的汽化,放出热量D.利用了水的液化,吸收热量【考点】蒸发及其现象.【分析】蒸发是一种汽化现象,汽化要吸热;蒸发有致冷作用.【解答】解:夏天在教室内洒一些水会觉得凉快些,这是因为水会发生蒸发,蒸发过程中吸热,导致气温降低,所以感觉凉爽.故选A.2.自然界中有许多有趣的光现象,下列光现象中,属于光沿直线传播的是()A.空游泳池中注水后,看起来变浅了B.平静的湖面上倒映着岸边的景物C.开凿隧道时,工人们用激光束引导掘进机D.雨后的天空中,出现了一道彩虹【考点】光在均匀介质中直线传播.【分析】(1)光在同种均匀均匀物质中沿直线传播,在日常生活中,激光准直、小孔成像和影子的形成等都表明光在同一种均匀介质中是沿直线传播的;(2)当光照射到物体界面上时,有一部分光被反射回来,例如:平面镜成像、水中倒影等;(3)当光从一种介质斜射入另一种介质时,传播方向的会偏折,发生折射现象,如:看水里的鱼比实际位置浅等.【解答】解:A、注满水的游泳池,池底看起来变浅了,是由于光从水中斜射入空气中时,发生折射,故A不符合题意;B、平静的水面能形成岸上景物清晰的像,是利用了光的反射,故B不符合题意;C、开凿隧道用激光束引导掘进机,使掘进机沿直线前进,是利用光沿直线传播,故C符合题意;D、雨后彩虹,是光的色散现象,是由光的折射形成的;故D不符合题意.故选C.3.如图所示,下列说法中错误的是()A.这是模拟奥斯特实验的一个场景B.图示实验说明了通电导线周围存在磁场C.将电池正负极对调后,重新闭合电路,小磁针偏转方向改变D.将图中导线断开,小磁针N极将指向地磁的北极【考点】通电直导线周围的磁场.【分析】奥斯特实验说明通电导线周围存在着磁场,且磁场的方向与电流的方向有关,故据此分析即可判断;【解答】解:A、据图可知,该实验是用于模拟奥斯特实验的一个场景,故A正确;B、该实验中,若给导线通电,下面的小磁针会转动,即说明通电导线周围存在着磁场,故B正确;C、由于磁场的方向与电流的方向有关,所以将电池正负极对调后,重新闭合电路,小磁针偏转方向改变,故C正确;D、将图中导线断开,小磁针由于地磁的缘故,即N极将指向地理的北极,而不是地磁的北极,故D错误;故选D.4.下列估测的数据中,最接近实际的是()A.“PM2.5”是指大气中直径大于2.5mm的细颗粒物B.目前为止,人类奔跑的速度最快可达到约40km/hC.正常情况下,用停表测量,人的脉搏每跳动10次所用时间约为45sD.普通教室的高度约为65dm【考点】速度与物体运动;时间的估测;长度的估测.【分析】不同物理量的估算,有的需要凭借生活经验,有的需要简单的计算,有的要进行单位的换算,最后判断最符合实际的是哪一个.【解答】解:A、PM2.5指空气中直径等于或小于2.5μm的固态可吸入颗粒物.此选项不符合实际;B、目前为止,人类奔跑的速度最快可达到约10m/s=36km/h,与40km/h接近,故此选项符合实际;C、正常情况下,用停表测量人的脉搏时,1min跳动大约60次,因此每跳动10次所用时间约为10s,故此选项不符合实际;D、普通教室的高度约为3.3m=33dm,故此选项不符合实际.故选B.5.下列关于信息、能源及可持续发展,判断正确的是()A.电磁波与声波都可以在真空中传播B.手机之间信息的传递是电磁波在空中的传播来完成的C.质量较大的原子核发生分裂能释放出惊人的能量,人类由此制成核电站,有百利而无一害D.电磁波在真空中的传播速度为3×104km/s【考点】电磁波的传播;声音的传播条件.【分析】(1)电磁波可以在真空中传播,声音不能在真空中传播;(2)手机就是靠电磁波来传递信息的;(3)质量较大的原子核分裂时释放的巨大核能可制成核电站;(4)电磁波的传播速度等于光速c=3×108m/s.【解答】解:A、声音不能在真空中传播.故A错误;B、手机就是靠电磁波来传递信息的,故B正确;C、质量较大的原子核分裂时释放的巨大核能可制成核电站,核电站的建成利大于弊,但核污染是大问题,故C错误;D、电磁波在真空中的速度等于光速c=3×108m/s,故D错误;故选B.6.关于声的知识,下列说法正确的是()A.声音既可以传递信息,又可以传递能量B.噪声扰民主要是因为其音调太高C.声音在15℃的空气中,传播速度约为1500m/sD.超声波在空气中比次声波传播速度大【考点】声与信息;声速;噪声及来源;声与能量.【分析】(1)声波可以传递信息,如:隆隆的雷声预示着一场可能的大雨,“声呐”的利用、医用“B超”等;声波能够传递能量,如:利用声波来清洗钟表等精细的机械,“超声波碎石”等;(2)噪声的分类有两种:①从物理角度考虑:物体做不规则振动时发出的声音是噪声;②从生活角度考虑:凡是干扰人们正常休息、学习和工作的,都是噪声;(3)声音在15℃的空气中声音的传播速度是340m/s;(4)在同一介质中超声波和次声波传播的速度相同.【解答】解:A、声波既可以传递信息,也可以传播能量具有能量,如利用B超对孕妇做常规检查,是利用声波传递信息;外科医生可以利用超声波振动除去人体内的结石,是利用声波能够传递能量,故A正确;B、巨大的噪声主要是因为它发出声音的响度大,故B错误;C、在15℃的空气中声音的传播速度是340m/s,故C错误;D、在同种介质中超声波与次声波传播速度相同,故D错误.故选A.7.下列有关电的知识判断,不正确的是()A.自然界只有两种电荷,正电荷和负电荷B.电子带负电,所带电荷量为1.6×10﹣19CC.能导电的物体叫做导体,不能导电的物体叫做绝缘体D.一个氦原子,其核中有2个正电荷,其核外有2个电子【考点】正电荷与负电荷;原子结构、元电荷与带电情况;导体;绝缘体.【分析】①自然界的电荷只有两种,富兰克林把它们命名为正电荷和负电荷;②元电荷又称“基本电量”,在各种带电微粒中,电子电荷量的大小是最小的,人们把最小电荷叫做元电荷,常用符号e表示;③导体容易导电,绝缘体不容易导电,导体与绝缘体没有严格的界限;④原子由原子核和核外电子组成,原子核包括质子和中子两部分,质子带正电,中子不带电,核外电子带负电.一般情况下,原子核所带正电荷数与电子所带负电荷数相同.【解答】解:A、自然界的电荷只有两种:正电荷和负电荷.此选项正确;B、在各种带电微粒中,电子所带电荷量是最小的,为1.6×10﹣19C.此选项正确;C、导体容易导电,绝缘体不容易导电,导体与绝缘体没有严格的界线,因此用“能或不能”导电来辨别它们是不合适的.此选项错误;D、氦是2号化学元素,在其原子核中有2个质子(即有2个正电荷),核外有2个带负电的电子.此选项正确.故选C.8.以下说法正确的是()A.投篮时,篮球离手后继续飞向篮筐是因为篮球受推力的作用B.手握水杯静止在空中,水杯只受重力、摩擦力这两个力的作用C.太阳东升西落,说明无论以什么物体为参照物,它都是运动的D.以卵击石,虽然卵破,但卵对石头的力与石头对卵的力大小相等【考点】惯性;参照物及其选择;力作用的相互性.【分析】(1)惯性是物体本身具有的保持原来运动状态不变的性质;(2)对有水的水杯进行受力分析即可解答;(3)研究同一物体的运动状态,如果选择不同的参照物,得出的结论可以不同;(4)作用力和反作用力之间的关系是:两个力大小相等,方向相反,作用在同一条直线上.【解答】解:A、因为任何物体都有惯性,所以当篮球离开手后由于惯性会继续在向上运动,故A错误;B、手握有水的水杯静止在空中,则受力平衡,分析可知,水杯受到竖直向下的重力和竖直向上的静摩擦力作用,此外,杯内的水有重力,会对杯子产生压力,在这几个力的作用下,水杯保持平衡状态,故B错误;C、物体的运动和静止是相对的,研究同一物体的运动状态,如果选择不同的参照物,得出的结论可以不同,如果选择与太阳东运动方向和速度都相同的物体为参照物,它就是静止的,故C错误;D、以卵击石,鸡蛋对石头的作用力与石头对鸡蛋的作用力是一对相互作用的力,大小相等,方向相反,故D正确.故选D.9.如图所示,小宇同学在“测量小灯泡电功率”的实验中,将电压表并在了滑动变阻器两端,闭合开关,发现电路存在故障,并作如下分析,下列判断正确的是()A.若灯不亮,电压表有示数,电路故障可能是灯泡断路B.若灯不亮,电流表有示数,电路故障可能是灯泡短路C.若灯不亮,两表都有示数,电路故障可能是滑动变阻器短路D.若灯不亮,电压表有示数,电路故障可能是滑动变阻器断路【考点】电流表、电压表在判断电路故障中的应用.【分析】根据电路图可知,滑动变阻器与灯泡串联,电压表测量滑动变阻器两端电压,电流表测量电路电流;根据选项中灯泡的发光情况以及仪表是否有示数分析电路故障所在.【解答】解:A、若灯不亮,则电路故障可能为灯泡短路或电路某处断路;电压表有示数,说明电压表与电源两极连通,因此电路故障为灯泡短路,或变阻器断路,故A错误;B、若灯不亮,则电路故障可能为灯泡短路或电路某处断路;电流表有示数,说明电路为通路,因此电路故障为灯泡短路,故B正确;C、若灯不亮,则电路故障可能为灯泡短路或电路某处断路;电流表有示数,说明电路为通路,电压表有示数,说明电压表与电源两极连通,因此电路故障可能为灯泡短路,故C错误;D、若灯不亮,则电路故障可能为灯泡短路或电路某处断路;电压表有示数,说明电压表与电源两极连通,因此电路故障为滑动变阻器断路,故D正确.故选BD.10.如图所示,下列判断正确的是()A.如图(一)所示,静止漂浮在水面的木块,现施加一个竖直向下的力使木块缓缓匀速沉入水底,在这个过程中,木块受到的浮力随时间变化规律如图甲所示B.如图(二)所示,小球从光滑斜面顶端由静止向下运动,在向下运动过程中,小球与出发点的距离随时间变化规律如图乙所示C.如图(三)所示,静止在水平桌面上质量为m的水杯,现向杯中匀速缓慢注水,从注水开始到注满的过程中,水杯对桌面的压强随时间变化规律如图丙所示D.如图(四)所示,质地均匀的长方体木块在水平向右的拉力F作用下,匀速向右移动,从图示位置开始至木块有离开桌面为止,木块对桌面的压强随时间变化规律如图丁所示【考点】阿基米德原理;速度与物体运动;压强大小比较.【分析】分别并分析上面四个过程中两个量之间的大小关系,结合下面对应图象,判断各个选项的正误.【解答】解:A、如图(一)所示,施加一个竖直向下的力使木块缓缓匀速沉入水底,在这个过程中,木块排开水的体积先变大、后不变,受到的浮力先变大、后不变,受到的浮力随时间变化规律如图甲所示,故A正确;B、如图(二)所示,小球从光滑斜面顶端由静止向下运动,在向下运动过程中,小球做加速运动,相同时间内通过的距离逐渐变大;而图乙中,小球与出发点的距离随时间变化规律是相同时间内通过的距离逐渐变小(s随t的变化越来越缓慢),故B错;C、如图(三)所示,当还没有注水时水杯对桌面有一定的压强(不为0),向杯中匀速缓慢注水,从注水开始到注满的过程中,深度逐渐增大,水杯对桌面的压强逐渐增大,符合如图丙反映的规律,故C正确;D、如图(四)所示,从图示位置开始一段时间内,压力不变、受力面积不变,压强不变;当木块的一部分离开桌面后,压力不变、受力面积变小,压强变大;所以整个过程中,木块对桌面的压强先不变、后变大,符合如图丁反映的规律,故D正确.故选ACD.二、实验题(本题包括4小题,每小题3分,共12分)11.徐老师和同学们在实验室做探究【水沸腾时温度变化特点】的实验时,观察到水沸腾时温度计示数如图所示,则所测水的沸点为98 ℃,出现这一结果的原因可能是该处大气压小于标准大气压(选填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”);开始实验时烧杯内最好装入热水,这样做的好处是节约时间.【考点】沸腾及沸腾条件;沸点及沸点与气压的关系.【分析】(1)要会进行温度计的读数,在读数时,首先认清温度计的分度值;(2)液体的沸点跟气压的大小有关,气压增大,沸点升高;气压减小,沸点降低;(3)此实验的目的是观察水的沸腾特点,实验前用热水,可以节约加热升温的时间.【解答】解:由图知,此温度计的分度值是1℃,所以此时温度计的示数是98℃,即水的沸点是98℃;因为液体的沸点跟气压的大小有关,标准大气压下,水沸腾时的温度是100℃,所以该实验环境的气压小于1标准大气压;实验时烧杯中装入热水,好处是可以节省时间.故答案为:98;小于;节约时间.12.如图所示,在探究平面镜成像特点的实验中,为使实验的效果更好,实验室内光线应弱一些(选填“强”或“弱”);实验中某同学将玻璃板及点燃的蜡烛放置好后,在玻璃板另一侧移动未点燃的蜡烛,观察到未点燃的蜡烛与点燃蜡烛的像重合时,记录下了物、像、镜的位置,接下来的操作应是改变蜡烛位置多次实验(选填“整理实验器材”或“改变蜡烛位置多次实验”),实验结束后同学们发现像与物对应点的连线与镜面垂直.【考点】平面镜成像的特点、原理、现象及其实验方案.【分析】(1)探究平面镜成像实验时,物体和环境对比度越大,并且物体越亮,物体的像越清晰.(2)一次实验不具备代表性,具有很大的偶然性,所以应采取同样的实验方案多做几次,才能保证结论的正确.(3)物体在平面镜中成虚像,物像大小相等,物像连线与镜面垂直,物像到平面镜的距离相等.【解答】解:(1)蜡烛点燃时比较亮,在较弱的环境中,烛焰和环境的对比度比较大,烛焰的像会更清晰.(2)一次实验不具备代表性,应采取同样的实验方案多做几次,避免实验现象的偶然性,才能保证结论的正确.所以应改变蜡烛位置多次实验.(3)连接物体和物体的像点,发现物像连线和镜面垂直,物像到镜面的距离相等.故答案为:弱;改变蜡烛位置多次实验;垂直.13.请按要求作图:(1)请在图(1)中画出重物上升,最省力的绕线方法;(2)如图(2),木棒在力F的作用下静止,画出力F关于O点的力臂;(3)如图(3),请将图中的灯、开关正确连入家庭电路.【考点】滑轮组的设计与组装;力臂的画法;家庭电路的连接.【分析】(1)滑轮组的省力情况取决于承担物重的绳子的段数,也就是看有几段绳子连着动滑轮,段数越多越省力.(2)力臂是支点到力的作用线的距离;由支点向力的作用线做垂线,垂线段的长度即为力臂.(3)灯泡的接法:火线进入开关,再进入灯泡顶端的金属点;零线直接接入灯泡的螺旋套.【解答】解:(1)从动滑轮的挂钩开始依次绕绳子,最后有三段绳子承担物重,这就是最省力的绕法.如图所示:(2)支点为O,延长力F的作用线,然后从支点O作力F的作用线的垂线段,垂线段即为力F的力臂,如下图所示:(3)火线进入开关,再进入灯泡顶端的金属点,零线直接接入灯泡的螺旋套;如下图所示:14.作为电路中极其重要的元件之一,电源本身也有电阻,如干电池,我们可以把它看成由一个电压为U的理想电源与一个阻值为r的电阻串联而成,如图甲所示,为了测量U和r,某同学设计了如图乙所示电路,已知R1=7Ω,R2=4.5Ω,当闭合开关S,S1时,电压表读数为1.40V,当闭合开关S,S2时,电压表读数为1.35V,则理想电源电压U= 1.5V ,电池内阻r= 0.5Ω,多次测量往往能减少误差,该同学把电阻换成电阻箱,变换阻值,测出了多组电阻值(用R表示)与相对应的电压表示数(用U′表示),然后他做出了与的关系图象如图丙所示,这条直线与纵轴的交点越向上远离坐标原点,说明电源电压U 越小(选填“越大”、“越小”或“不变”).【考点】欧姆定律的应用.【分析】(1)当闭合开关S,S1时,R1与r串联;当只闭合S2时,R2与r串联;根据电阻的串联特点和欧姆定律分别得出等式,联立等式即可求出电源的电压和电源的内阻.(2)结合图象得出与的关系,进而可知电源电压的变化.【解答】解:(1)当闭合开关S,S1时,R1与r串联;根据串联电路的特点和欧姆定律得:电源电压U=U1+I1r=U1+r=1.40V+×r﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣①当闭合开关S,S2时,R2与r串联;根据串联电路的特点和欧姆定律得:电源电压U=U2+I2r=U2+r=1.35V+×r﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣②由①②两式可得:U=1.5V,r=0.5Ω.(2)由图象可知:随的变大而变大,所以,这条直线与纵轴的交点越向上远离坐标原点,说明的越大,则越大,所以U′变小,即电源提供的电压U越小.故答案为:1.5;0.5;越小.三、计算题(本题包括4小题,每小题3分,共12分)15.把分别标有“220V 40W”和“36V 40W”的两只白炽灯L1和L2,串联接在电压恒为220V的照明电路中,且两灯电阻不变,求:(1)两只灯泡的电阻;(2)两只灯泡实际功率之比.【考点】电功率的计算;实际功率.【分析】(1)根据P=的变形公式即可求出灯泡的阻值;(2)根据P=I2R即可求两只灯泡实际功率之比.【解答】解:(1)由P=可得:R1===1210Ω;R2===32.4Ω;(2)因为串联电路中处处电流相等,因此由P=I2R可得,P1实:P2实=R1:R2=1210Ω:32.4Ω=3025:81.答:(1)两只灯泡的电阻分别为1210Ω和32.4Ω;(2)两只灯泡实际功率之比为3025:81.16.如图所示,矗立在天安门广场的人民英雄纪念碑,碑身高37.94m,由423块花岗岩石块砌成,碑心石是一块竖立的整块花岗岩,高14.7m、宽2.9m、厚1.0m、质量119.3t,求:(1)碑心石体积;(2)碑心石密度;(3)若碑心石单独静止竖立于水平地面上,它对水平地面的压强.【考点】密度的计算;压强的大小及其计算.【分析】(1)根据体积公式可求碑心石体积;(2)已知质量和体积,利用密度公式计算碑心石密度;(3)碑心石静止竖立于水平地面上,它对水平地面的压力等于其重力,再求出竖立于水平地面上时的受力面积,利用压强公式计算压强大小.【解答】解:(1)碑心石体积:V=abc=14.7m×2.9m×1.0m=42.6m3;(2)碑心石密度:ρ==≈2.8×103kg/m3;(3)碑心石静止竖立于水平地面上,它对水平地面的压力:F=G=mg=119.3×103kg×10N/kg=119.3×104N,它对水平地面的压强:p==≈4.1×105Pa.答:(1)碑心石体积为42.6m3;(2)碑心石密度为2.8×103kg/m3;(3)若碑心石单独静止竖立于水平地面上,它对水平地面的压强为 4.1×105Pa.17.某校师生自制了一台多功率电烘箱,电路结构如图所示,所选两根电热丝R1,R2的阻值分别为75Ω、150Ω,由于电路电压不足,实际工作电压为200V,求:(1)这台电烘箱以最大功率工作时,通过电烘箱的电流;(2)这台电烘箱以最大功率工作5min,电热丝产生的热量;(3)这台电烘箱以最大功率工作5h,消耗多少度电.【考点】欧姆定律的应用;电功的计算;电热.【分析】(1)两电热丝并联同时工作时电烤箱的功率最大,根据并联电路的特点和欧姆定律求出通过电烘箱的电流;(2)根据Q=W=UIt求出这台电烘箱以最大功率工作5min电热丝产生的热量;(3)根据P=UI求出电烘箱的最大功率,根据W=Pt求出这台电烘箱以最大功率工作5h消耗的电能.【解答】解:(1)两电热丝并联同时工作时电烘箱的功率最大,因并联电路中各支路两端的电压相等,且干路电流等于各支路电流之和,所以,通过电烘箱的电流:I=I1+I2=+=+=4A;(2)这台电烘箱以最大功率工作5min,电热丝产生的热量:Q=W=UIt=200V×4A×5×60s=2.4×105J;(3)电烘箱的最大功率:P=UI=200V×4A=800W=0.8kW,由P=可得,这台电烘箱以最大功率工作5h消耗的电能:W=Pt=0.8kW×5h=4kW•h=4度.答:(1)这台电烘箱以最大功率工作时,通过电烘箱的电流为4A;(2)这台电烘箱以最大功率工作5min,电热丝产生的热量为2.4×105J;(3)这台电烘箱以最大功率工作5h,消耗4度电.18.如图所示,一实心正方体铝块浸没在密度为0.9×103kg/m3的油中,其质量为2.7kg,上表面与液面相平行,上、下表面的深度分别为h1和h2,且2h1=h2=20cm,求:(1)铝块上表面处的液体压强;(2)若使铝块在图示位置处于静止状态,还应使其在竖直方向受到一个多大的力;(3)若图中正方体是由密度为3.6×103kg/m3的合金制成,且处于悬浮状态,则该正方体空心部分体积是多少?【考点】液体的压强的计算;密度公式的应用;浮力大小的计算.【分析】(1)由题意可知铝块上表面所处的深度,根据p=ρgh求出受到的液态压强;(2)正方体上下表面所处深度的差值即为其边长,根据V=L3求出正方体的体积,根据阿基米德原理求出受到的浮力,铝块静止时处于平衡状态,受到的力为平衡力,根据力的平衡求出竖直方向施加的力;(3)合金处于悬浮状态时受到的浮力和自身的重力相等,根据G=mg求出合金的质量,根据ρ=求出正方体中合金的体积,正方体的体积减去合金的体积即为空心部分的体积.【解答】解:(1)铝块上表面所处的深度:h1=10cm=0.1m,铝块上表面处的液体压强:p1=ρgh1=0.9×103kg/m3×10N/kg×0.1m=900Pa;(2)正方体的边长:L=h2﹣h1=0.2m﹣0.1m=0.1m,正方体铝块的体积:V=L3=(0.1m)3=10﹣3m3,正方体铝块浸没时受到的浮力:F浮=ρgV排=ρgV=0.9×103kg/m3×10N/kg×10﹣3m3=9N,因铝块静止时处于平衡状态,受到的力为平衡力,所以,施加的力:F=G﹣F浮=mg﹣F浮=2.7kg×10N/kg﹣9N=18N,即施加竖直向上18N的力;(3)合金处于悬浮状态时受到的浮力和自身的重力相等,则合金的质量:m′====0.9kg,由ρ=可得,正方体中合金的体积:V′===2.5×10﹣4m3,空心部分的体积:V空=V﹣V′=10﹣3m3﹣2.5×10﹣4m3=7.5×10﹣4m3.答:(1)铝块上表面处的液体压强为900Pa;(2)若使铝块在图示位置处于静止状态,还应使其在竖直方向受到一个18N的力;(3)若图中正方体是由密度为3.6×103kg/m3的合金制成,且处于悬浮状态,则该正方体空心部分体积是7.5×10﹣4m3.四、综合题(本题包括4小题,19题和20题每题4分,21和22题每题8分,共24分)19.学习透镜知识时,秦老师与同学们发现照相机、投影仪与放大镜,在距离、成像等方面有差异,经过讨论,确立了探究课题【凸透镜所成像的虚实、大小、倒正跟物距(选填“物体的大小”或“物距”)有什么关系】,小敏同学利用图示装置进行实验时,发现当物距大于二倍焦距时移动光屏能承接到一个倒立、缩小的实像,与上面研究过的照相机成像原理相同;若想让所成实像变大些,可将蜡烛适当靠近(选填“靠近”或“远离”)透镜.【考点】凸透镜成像规律及其探究实验.【分析】根据探究的实验目的,提出问题,进行合理的猜想,从而确定探究问题.凸透镜成像的三种情况和应用之一:u>2f,成倒立、缩小的实像,应用于照相机和摄像机.凸透镜成实像时,物近像远像变大.。
内蒙古呼和浩特市2016年中考化学真题试题含答案
呼和浩特市2016年中考化学试卷一、选择题1.地壳中含量最多的金属元素是()2.以下物质的用途利用了其物理性质的是()A.干冰用作制冷剂B.焦炭用于炼铁C.氢气用作高能干净的燃料D.氮气用于制备氮肥和燃料3.以下转变与空气中氧气有关的是()A.生石灰在空气中变质B.浓硫酸在空气中变稀C.烧碱在空气中潮解D.铜制品在空气中变成铜绿4.以下说法中正确的选项是()A.含有可溶性钙、镁化合物的水是硬水B.温度升高或压强增大时,气体在水中的溶解度均增大C.氢氧燃料电池把氢气进而氧气反映的化学能直接转化为电能D.混有泥沙的天然水通过加明矾吸附、过滤、蒸馏、消毒杀菌,可净化为生活用的自来水5.在①合金、黄铁矿、石油、纯碱;②N2、P、Mg、O3;③Al2O3、Fe3O4、CuO、SO3。
三组物质中,每组有一种物质在分类上与其他物质不同,这三种物质别离是()A.纯碱、Mg、SO3B.黄铁矿、Mg、Al2O3C.合金、O3、Fe3O4D.纯碱、P、SO36.小朋要配制50g质量分数为14%的氢氧化钠溶液来制作“叶脉书签”。
以下关于配制该溶液的说法不正确的选项是()①假设用氢氧化钠固体配制,需称取氢氧化钠固体7.0g②用托盘天平称氢氧化钠固体时,在两盘各放一张质量相等的纸③选用200mL量筒量取所需水的体积④实验顶用到的玻璃仪器有烧杯、量筒、玻璃棒和试剂瓶⑤用量筒量取水时,俯视读数,配得溶液的溶质质量分数偏小A.①③B.②③⑤C.③⑤D.②④⑤7.以下说法中正确的选项是()A.当水结成冰时,分子的运动就停止了B.电子数相同的微粒化学性质相同C.分子都是由不同原子组成的D.结构示用意为:和的微粒,表示的是同种元素的不同微粒8.以下图所示的四个图像,能正确反映对应转变关系的是()A.镁在氧气中燃烧B.向二氧化锰中加入过氧化氢溶液C.向必然质量铁粉和铜粉的混合物那么加入硫酸铜溶液D.等质量的镁、铝别离与质量分数相等且足量的稀硫酸反映9.烟气脱硫的工艺不仅能排除二氧化硫污染,还能将七转化为石膏,其要紧物质的转化关系如下:以下说法不正确的选项是()A.步骤①喷淋水能脱去烟气中的二氧化硫,反映的化学方程式为SO2+H2O==H2SO3B.步骤②中加入碳酸钙的目的是将H2SO3转化为CaSO3C.步骤③反映前后只有硫元素的化合价发生了转变D.步骤④属于化学转变10.已知:2Fe(NO3)3+Cu==2Fe(NO3)2+Cu(NO3)2。
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2016年呼和浩特市中考真题1.--What,want I do for you,sir?---I want_____iPhone6splus for my wife as_____useful gift.A.an; aB.a,anC.an;theD.a;a2.---There is no salt left.Jim,would you like to get______?---OK,Mum.A.itB. oneC. someD.any3.---where are you going this month?---we ______ go to Xiamen.but we’re not sure.A.needn’tB. mightC. mustD.mustn’t4.I’ll go to visit my aunt in England______the Summer holiday starts.A.whileB. sinceC. untilD.as soon as5.---I have to be off right now.---What a pity!I______ you could stay a little longer with us.A.thoughtB. am thinkingC. thinkD.was thinking6.He is very rich, but that day he bought______ bike to save money for the poor children.A.an expensiveB.a more expensiveC.the more cheaperD.the cheapest7.---Did you watch the f ootball game yesterday?---Yes, I did. John is really a dark horse, nobody _______him to go so far.A.wantedB.encouragedC. expectedD. hoped8.Being blind is something _______most people can't imagine.A, 不填 B.What C.Who D.Which9.I am looking after Tom today, he’s been in my house______8:00 this morning.A. AtB.sinceC. forD.till10.---Jack, could you help me_______when the plane will take off on the internet?---I'm sorry, but my computer doesn't work.A.get outB. look outC.take outD.find out11--I came first in the long jump.---_______,I'm so proud of you.A.Good luckB. Have funC. Well doneD.You're joking 12---I tried to make Alice______her mind but I found it difficult.Well, I saw you_______ that when I went past.A.changed ;doB. Changes;doingC. Change;to doD.change;doing13.The car looks nice,______It's much greener because it uses electricity.A, however B, what's wor se C.even though D.besides14.Don't worry I'm sure you ’ll______ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them.A. catch up withB. be pleased withC. get on well withD. agree with,15.There are so many foggy days recently, we all wonder_________.A. how is the air pollutedB. why the air is seriously pollutedC. what can we do to prevent that bad weatherD. what are the real reasons完形填空AStudents are always asked to do much homework, Have you read the following passages?You'd better not work when you're very hungry. If you____16___ your homework right after school, You may have a snack before getting to work. Always do your homework____17___ you get tired. ____18___ wait until very late in the evening, Or the homework will seem much____19___ than it really is.Break your time into manageable(易处理的)period. If you have more than____20___, give yourself a break after an hour.On the other hand, don't break it up____21___ that you can't get anything done. You should be able to work at least after an hour at a time___22___.Don't put it off until the last____23___ .If you put off doing your homework, You will always think of it, and you won't enjoy your ____24___ so much.If you put it off until the end of the week or until right before a test, you will have too much work to do for the exam.A little bit each night, enough to keep up with what is happening each day in school, will take the fear out of tests and keep you on top of it all.Do your homework____25___ every day.This will help you make it a habit. It will make it easier to do, and it will make free time more enjoyable as well.16.A.decide to do B.decided doing C.have done D.did17.A.after B. when C. because D. before18.A Not B. Please C. Don't D.Always19.A harder B. hard C.easy D.easier20.A. one hour work B.a n hour work C. a work of an hour D.an hour's work21.A. so much B. so little C.so often D. so well22.A. with a stop B. without stopping C. stopping D. stop23.A. week B.hour C.minute D. day24.A. lunch B. free time C. meals D. snack25.A. at a time B. in a short time C.once D. at the same timeBYou may think that English dictionaries have been used for many centuries.In fact,an English dictionary you___26___today wasn’t made until the Qing Dynasty(清朝).Three men did most of the important____27___work on dictionaries. They spent nearly all their lives trying to ___28___words for their dictionaries. For them, It was a wonderful journey.The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary.The___29___ for this dictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857.Twenty -two years later, Oxford University asked James Murray to be the editor of its new dictionary,Murray had never been to___30___.At the age of fourteen, He left his village school in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank,____31___he became a great teacher.After Oxford give him the job, Murray had a small house ____32___in his garden to do the work. Every morning, Mary got out of bed at five o'clock and____33___ in the small house several hours before breakfast. Often he would work into the night.Murray hoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years. But after five years, he was___34____ adding words for the letter “A”!he worked on the dictionary___35____he was very old.Forty- four years later, In 1928,other editors finished the dictionary.26.A. write B. use C. copy D. miss27.A early B. boring C. easy D.difficult28.A spell B. collect C. invent D. make29.A.way B. use C. idea D. prize30.A. school B. cinema C.village D. college31.A. ever since B.since th en C.so far D. later32.A.built B. sold C. broken D. drawn33.A. read B. wrote C. worked D. thought34.A.already B. still ually D. always35.A. if B. because C. until D. unless三、阅读理解AWhat do you often do when you wait for a bus or a train at the station?Tom arrived at the bus station quite early for Paris bus,The bus for Paris would not leave until five to twelve. He saw a lot of people waiting in the station. Some were standing in line; Others were walking around. There was a group of schoolgirls.The teacher was trying to keep them in line.Tom looked around but there was no place for him to sit.He walked into the station Coffee.He looked up at that clock there.It was only twenty to twelve.he found a seat and sat down before a large mirror(镜子)on the wall.Just then, Mike, One of Tom’s workmates,came in and sat with Tom.“What time is your bus?”asked Mike.“ There's plenty of time yet.”Answer ed Tom.“Well, I’ll get you more t ea then” said Mike.They talked while drinking, Then Tom looked at the clock again. “Oh !it's going backward!”he cried. “A few minutes ago, it was twenty to twel ve and nowit's half past eleven” “You're looking at the clock in the Mirror” Said Mike.Tom was so sad, The next bus was not to leave for another hour, Since then Tom has never liked mirrors.36.Tom went into the station Coffee because ____________.A. Mike asked him to have a cup of tea togetherB.he wanted to have a drink with his work mate thereC.he didn't like to stay with the schoolgirlsD.It was quite early and he couldn't find a seat in the station37.What time was it in fact when Tom looked at the clock in the mirror?A.Half past elevenB.Twenty two twelveC.Half past twelve D .Half past one38.From the story we know that when will look at a clock in a mirror, we will find ________.A. it's going backwardB. it's going slowerC.The time is rightD. it's going faster39.Which of the following is true?A.Tom arrived in Paris on time that dayB.Tom looked at the clock in the mirror only onceC. After that Tom didn't like clocks any longerD.The next bus would leave in half an hour40.Which of the following is the best title of the story?A. The Clock in the MirrorB. Not a Careful ManC.Being later for a busD.The Mirror of the StationBTraveling is an exciting experience.It makes us feel pleased, and enjoy new wonders and new part of life that we’ve never known.A single holiday trip can give you the freedom and the chance to make changes that daily life does not allow.It matters little where you go on your holiday, It is all in what you make of it. Any travel can be interesting and attractive, and give you memories to last a lifetime.Having those memories is truly what travels are all about.Many people say that a bit of a planning and research before you leave can make sure of those long- lasting memories.But why not try something unexpected?In fact, The most unforgettable moments of a travel experience are the ones that you don't plan for. Yes, Maybe you’ll experience a bad meal in an unfamiliar place.But this experience will make sure you discover little-known shops or an open- air theater production that is only advertised in the local paper.You’ll find the enjoyable moments happening all around you:a wonderful sunset or a small child playing in the puddles(水洼)of a cobble(鹅卵石)road.The magic will truly be in the trip you take. Take time to go for a long walk for enjoyment when visiting a new place, Which will allow you to listen, smell, and see the different culture and sights that your busy life may stop you from enjoying.Simple things such as a leaf from a tree you sat under can keep the memories of your travel alivefor years to come, Collect small things such as leaves, stones, or feathers, which can be turned into memorable worksof art when you get back home.41.What can we learn from the passage?A.There is no need to choose where to go on holidayB.Plans can make travelingbecome uninteresting.C.Small things around you always looks simpleD.Traveling is a good way for people to understand life.42.According to the writer, traveling is all about_________.A. having unforgettable experiencesB. having a healthy lifeC.enjoying natural wonders of the worldD.visiting places of interest43.If you want a most unforgettable travel experience, you could________.A. learn much about the new placeB. research into all the possible ways of travelingC.find out as many local activities as possibleD. try something and unplanned44.What is really magical in the trip?A.The beautiful local sightsB.The enjoyment around youC.The different cultures and placesD.The enjoyment from a long walk45.What does the passage mainly tell us?A. traveling can make youtired but happy.B, traveling should be unexpected.C. traveling is a wonderful experience.D, traveling may change your life.CIt was a great pleasure for the family to move to a house with a very big garden.Betty and Tony could climb up trees, grow flowers and even play badminton.They liked to watch the birds flying among the trees in the garden.They even started to put food out to attract more birds. Everything was fine for a few days untilone afternoonthere was a strange bumping noise on a window.Betty went outside and found a small birddead on the grass. its neck seemed to be broken. “It must have f lown into the window”Tony said when his sister Betty called him to have a look”Ah, yes look here, You can see the markwhere it hit the window. There are a couple of tiny feathers stuck on the window.”“Poor things!”Betty s aid.During the next month, Five more birds died in the same way“Why would they fly to the windows?”We wondered.Finally, they knew the truth. When the birds were flying, they couldn't see into the rooms. All they saw was the reflection of the garden, They thought that they were flying into treesbecause they saw trees reflected by the window,“Somethi ng has to be done to save the birds“The parents decided.At first, the family tried keeping curtains (窗帘)across the windows, but this made the room dark.Then they bought some strong black paper and cut out the shape of a hawk.They made six hawks--one for each window.They stuck the hawks to the windows. They looked pretty and did not keep out much light, When the birds saw the hawks, they would fly away.After that, there were no more dead birds. The family were much happier.46.They put food out to attract birds because they___________.A. had a special garden for birdsB. had too much bird food to feed the birdsC.wanted to see more birds flying in the gardenD. wanted to catch some birds in the garden47._________birds died in the garden.A. SixB. FiveC.FourD. Seven48.The bird flew to the windows because they_________.A .found the windows very big and clean.B. wanted to fight for more foodC.thought there were more trees ahe adD. wanted to go into the room49.The underlined word” hawk” means________A.丛林B鹰C.山脉D.燕子50.The story is mainly about________A. why those birds died in their gardenB. Betty and Tony were good at paper- cutting.C.how the family saved the birds in the gardenD.the family had a new house with a big gardenDAre you happy most of the time?Or do you easily get angry sometimes?Everyone has a different temperament(脾气)。