北京大学人口学专业考博真题考博英语真题-育明考博
北京大学考博英语(有答案)
北京大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题Part One Listening Comprehension （略）Part Two Structure and Written ExpressionDirections: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)41. The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things that are__________, existing only until the sunset.A. equitableB. ephemeralC. euphoniousD. evasive42. Brooding and hopelessness are the__________of Indians in the prairie reservations most of the time.A. occupationsB. promisesC. frustrationsD. transactions43. What__________about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that disaster-stricken family.A. worked me outB. knocked me outC. brought me upD. put me forward44. __________considered the human body aesthetically satisfactory.A. Neither prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manB. Nor prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban manC. No prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manD. Neither prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban man45. Not until the 1980's__________in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.A. some concerned citizensB. some concerning citizensC. did some concerning citizensD. did some concerned citizens46. The buttocks are__________most other parts in the body.A. likely less to cause fatal damage thanB. likely less causing fatal damage toC. less likely to cause fatal damage thanD. less likey to cause fatal damage to47. The concept of internet,__________has intrigued scientists since the mid-20th century.A. the transmission of images, sounds and messages over distancesB. transmitting of images, sounds and messages along distancesC. to transmit images, sounds and messages on distanceD. the transmissibility of images, sounds and messages for distances48. Because of difficulties in getting a visa, the students had to__________the idea of applying for study in the United States.A. reduce B. yield C.relinquish D. waver49. His request for a day off__________by the manager of the company.A. was turned offB. was turned downC. was put downD. was put away50. The index of industrial production__________last year.A. raised up by 4 per centB. rose up with 4 per centC.arose up with 4 per centD. went up by 4 per cent51. Please__________if you ever come to Sydney.A. look at meB. look me upC. look me outD. look to me52. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered__________yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats.A. a sharp set-backB. severe set-backC. a severe blown-upD. sharp blown-up53. By the end of the year 2004, he__________in the army for 40 years.A. will have servedB. will serveC. will be servingD. will be served54. __________there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. Smith__________the invitation to visit that area.A. If he knew, would have declinedB. If he had known, would declineC. Had he known, would declineD. Had he known, would have declined55. In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could__________.A. hear somebody mournB. hear somebody mourningC. hear somebody mournedD. hear somebody had been mourning56. The team leader of mountain climbers marked out__________.A. that seemed to be the best routeB. what seemed to be the best routeC. which seemed to be the best routeD. something that to be the best route57. The scheme was so impracticable that I refused even__________.A. to consider supporting itB. considering to support itC. to considering to support itD. considering supporting it58. Among the first to come and live in North America__________, who later prospered mainly in New England.A. had been Dutch settlersB. Dutch settlers were thereC. were Dutch settlersD. Dutch settlers had been there59. The cargo box has a label__________on it. Please handle it with care.A. “flexible”B. “break”C.“fragile” D. “stiff”60. __________we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth.A. Much asB. As muchC. More asD. As well asPart Three Reading ComprehensionⅠ. Directions: Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage OneWhat Makes a “Millennial Mind”?Since 1000 AD, around 30 billion people have been born on our planet. The vast majority have come and gone unknown to all but their friends and family. A few have left some trace on history: a discovery made, perhaps, or a record broken. Of those, fewer still are remembered long after their death. Yet of all the people who have lived their lives during the last 1, 000 years, just 38 have achieved the status of “Millennial Minds” -that's barely one in a billion. Those whose lives Focus has chronicled have thus become members of possibly the most exclusive list of all time. And choosing who should be included was not easy.From the beginning, the single most important criterion was that the “Millennial Minds” are those who did more than merely achieve greatness in their own time, or in one field. Thus mere winners of Nobel Prizes had no automatic right to inclusion, nor artists who gained fame in their own era, but whose reputation has faded with changing fashion. The achievements of the genuine “Millennial Mind” affect our lives even now, often in ways so fundamental that it is hard to imagine what the world was like before.Not even transcendent genius was enough to guarantee a place in the Focus list. To rate as a “Millennial Mind”, the life and achievements also had to cast light on the complex nature of creativity: its origins, nature, and its personal cost.61. The first paragraph tells us that__________.A. Focus had a list of “Millennial Minds” worked out in secretB. Focus had compiled a biographical book of the lives of “Millennial Minds”C. Focus's list of the “Millennial Minds” consists of a strictly selected fewD. Focus tried hard to exclude most of the famous lives from the list of the “Millennial Minds”62. According to the second paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Nobel Prize winners are not qualified for the “Millennial Minds”.B. A “Millennial Mind” needs only to have a great influence on the lives of the people of his time.C. Only those whose achievements still greatly affect our lives today can be included in the list of the “Millennial Minds”.D. The “Millennial Minds” are those who have changed human lives so much that people of later generations can not remember what things were likein the past.63. In the first sentence of the third paragraph, “transcendent genius” means__________.A. people who are exceptionally superior and great in talentB. people whose achievements are not forgotten by later generationsC. people whose genius has been passed down to the present timeD. people who have guaranteed themselves a place in the Focus list64. In the third paragraph, t he phrase “cast light on” can be replaced by__________.A. shine overB. light upC. shed light onD. brighten upPassage TwoTribute to Dr. Carlo Urbani, Identifier of SARSOn the 29th of March, 2003, the World Health Organization doctor Carol Urbani died of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, the fast-spreading pneumonia that had killed 54 people worldwide.http:The 46-year-old Italian doctor was the first WHO officer to identify the outbreak of this new disease in an American businessman. Dr. Urbani first saw the US businessman on Feb. 28, two days after the patient had been admitted to a hospital in Hanoi. Although Urbani had worn a mask, he lacked goggles and other protective clothing. He began demanding that Hanoi hospitals stock up on protective gear and tighten up infection control procedures. But he was frustrated at how long it was taking to teach infection-control procedures to people in hospitals. There were shortages of supplies, like disposable masks, gowns, gloves.After three weeks of round-the-clock effort, Urbani's superior urged him to take a few days off to attend a medical meeting in Bangkok, where he was to talk on childhood parasites. The day after he arrived, he began feeling ill-with symptoms of the new disease. He called his wife, now living in Hanoi with their three children. He said:“Go back to Italy and take the children, because this will be the end for me.” Dr. Urbani developed a fever and was put into isolation where he remained until his death. The WHO representative in Hanoi said:“He was very much a doctor, his first goal was to help people.”He was buried on April 2, 2003 in Castelplanio, central Italy, leaving behind his wife and children. The measures he helped put in place before his death appear to have doused the SARS wildfire in Vietnam.65. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. Dr. Urbani caught SARS from an American businessman who was hospitalized in Hanoi.B. There were not enough disposable masks, gowns, gloves and protective equipment.C. He knew he had little hope to survive after he was found infected.D. Dr. Urbani had helped combating the new disease by putting in place a series of infection-control measures.66. In the third paragraph, “three weeks of round-clock effort”means__________.A. for three weeks the hospital was taking in SARS patients without stoppingB. Dr Urbani worked day and night for three weeks, trying to get SARS under controlC. for three weeks Dr. Urbani did not have any time to sleep, trying hard to fight the new diseaseD. After three weeks hard work to control SARS, the hospital superior thought it was time to stop the clock67. According to the context, the word “doused” in the last sentence of this passage could be best replaced with__________.A. extinguishedB. eliminatedC. solvedD. delugedPassage ThreeGlassSince the Bronze Age, about 3000 B. C., glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, lime, and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century.When heated the mixture becomes soft and moldable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow.Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or “freeze” at specific temperatures, glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying moldable stages until it flows like a thick syrup. Each of these stages allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at that point. Glass is thus open to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials.68. According to the passage glass cools and becomes rigid differently from metalsbecause__________.A. it has an unusually low melting temperatrueB. it does not set up a network of interlocking crystalsC. it has a random molecular structure of a liquidD. it is made from a mixture of silica, lime, and soda69. In the phrase “without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process” in the second paragraph, a substitute for the word “customarily” may be__________.A. continuouslyB. certainlyC. eventuallyD. usually70. Glass can be easily molded into all kinds of forms because__________.A. it melts like liquid when heatedB. it softens gradually through varying stages when heatedC. it retains the shape at the point when it is suddenly cooledD. various heating techniques can be used in making glassⅡ. Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)No one gets out of this world alive, and few people come through life without at least one serious illness. (71) If we are given a serious diagnosis, it is useful to try to remain free of panic and depression. Panic can constrict blood vessels and impose an additional burden on the heart.(72) Depression, as medical researchers way back to Galen, an ancient Greek doctor, have observed, can set the stage for other illnesses or intensify existing ones. It is no surprise that so many patients who learn that they have cancer or heart disease-or any other catastrophic disease-becomeworse at the time of diagnosis. (73) The moment they have a label to attach to their symptoms, the illness deepens. All the terrible things they have heard about disease produce the kind of despair that in turn complicates the underlying condition. (74) It is not unnatural to be severely apprehensive about a serious diagnosis, but a reasonable confidence is justified. Cancer today, for example, is largely a treatable disease. A heavily damaged heart can be reconditioned. (75) Even a positive HIV diagnosis does not necessarily mean that the illness will move into the active stage.Part Four Cloze TestDirections: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Flowers for the DeadSince flowers symbolize new life, it may seem inappropriate to have them at funerals. Yet people in many cultures top coffins or caskets with wreaths and garlands and put blossoms on the graves of the (76) __________. This custom is part of a widespread, long-lived pattern. Edwin Daniel Wolff speculated that floral tributes to the dead are an outgrowth of the grave goods of ancient (77)__________. In cultures that firmly believed in an (78)__________, and believed further that thedeparted could enter that afterlife only (79) __________they took with them indications of their worldly status, it was a necessity to bury the dead with material goods: hence the wives and animals that were killed to accompany (80)__________rulers, the riches (81)__________with Egyptian pharaohs, and the coins that Europeans used to place on the departed person's eyes as payment for the Stygian ferryman. In time, as economy modified tradition, the actual (82)__________goods were replaced (83)__________symbolic representations. In China, for example, gold and silver paper became a stand-in (84)__________real money. Eventually even the symbolic significance became obscured. Thus, Wolff said, flowers may be the (85)__________step in “three well-marked stages of offerings to the dead: the actual object, its substitute in various forms, and —finally —me re tributes of respect.”Part Five ProofreadingDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash (\) and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (\). Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Examples:e.g.1 (86) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (86) begun begane.g.2 (87) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtains went up.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (87) (Scarcely) had (they)e.g.3 (88) Never will I not do it again.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (88) not(86) Homes could start been connected to the Internet through electrical outlets. (87) In this way, consumers and business may find easier to make cheaper telephone calls under new rules that the Federal Communications Commission began preparing on Thursday. (88) Taking together, the new rules could profoundly affect the architecture of the Internet and the services it provides. (89) They also have enormous implications for consumers, the telephone and energy industries, equipment manufacturers. Michael K. Powell, the F. C. C. chairman, and his two Republican colleagues on the five-member commission said that (90) a 4-to-1 vote on Thursday to allow a small company providing computer-to-computer phone connections to operate in different rules from ordinary phone companies, would ultimately transform the telecommunications industry and the Internet.(91) “This is a reflecting of the commission's commitment to bring tomorrow's technology to consumers today,” said Mr. Powell. He added that (92)the rules governing the new phone services sought to make them as wide available as e-mail, (93) and possibly much less expensive than traditional phones, and given their lower regulatory costs. At the same time, (94) once while the rules allowing delivery of the Internet through power lines are completed, (95) companies could provide consumers with the ability to plug their modems directly into wall sockets, just like they do with a toaster, or a desk lamp.Part Six WritingDirections: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. And write the composition on the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)Topic: Epidemic Diseases and Public Health Crises试题详解Part One Listening Comprehension(略）Part Two Structure and Written Expression41. B 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. D51. B 52. A 53. A 54. D 55. B 56. B 57. A 58. C 59. C 60. APart Three Reading ComprehensionⅠ. Passage One61. C 62. C 63. A 64. CPassage Two65. D 66. B 67. APassage Three68. B 69. D 70. BⅡ. (71) If you are seriously ill, it's good for you not to be panic and depressed.(72) Medical researchers, among whom Galen, an ancient Greek doctor, is the first one, have found out that depression can not only result in other illness but also aggravate existing ones.(73) Once they know what illness they've got, they get worse.(74) For most people, it's difficult to accept the terrible fact and remain sensible, but we should at least have confidence in ourselves.(75) Even if you get a HIV diagnosis, it is still possible for you to avoid the outbreak.Part Four Cloze Test(76) dead (77) traditions (78) afterlife (79) if (80) the(81) or(82) grave (83) by (84) for (85)lastPart Five Proofreading(86) been being (87) (finD. it (easier) (88) taking Taken(89) (industries), and (equipment) (90) in under (91) reflecting reflection(92) wide widely (93) and given given (94) while (95) like asPart Six WritingEpidemic Diseases and Public Health CrisesWhen SARS epidemic swept across China and stirred up even the entire globe last year, people finally came to realize the concept of public health crises, which in reality have already affected our life in various ways. Why didn't we recognize this until our life has been endangered? Surely, epidemic diseases as a kind of public health crises, have contributed to people's perception of public health crises.Public health itself is not new, but the term ”public health crises “has been fresh for most people in China. It includes not only outbreaks of diseases, but also water erosion, deforestation, desertification and many other problems which mankind as a whole must face. Ever since the industrial revolution and great economic expansion, people's life has been challenged in one way or another due to lots of irresponsible behaviors of mankind. Most of the time, people have accustomed to their ordinary way of life and do not spare time in comprehending the imminent crises.On the other hand, epidemic outbreaks always take on a very severe outlook and thus pose direct dangers to common people. They affect people's daily activities and even their lives, and that is why they can successfully arouse people's concerns about their own health. To some extent, our awareness of our dining habits and carelessness in protecting the environment can be attributed to the outbreak of some epidemics, like SARS and bird flu.We should all be gratitude for this awareness brought about by some epidemics. As China and the world's economy continue to expand, governments and people are fully aware that some measures have to be taken to fend off any possible danger to public health.A. is to send them to clinicsB. offers recapture of earlier experiencesC. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced47. The child in the nursery__________.A. quickly learns to wait for foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC. always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly48. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________.A. can never be taken too farB. should be left to school teachersC. will always assist their developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes49. Jigsaw puzzles are__________.A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toyC. not very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation50. Parental controls and discipline__________.A. serve a dual purposeB. should be avoided as much as possibleC. reflect the values of the communityD. are designed to promote the child's happinessQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 Americanhildren under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it's almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as “Jewish” when they get older.That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents' religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.“I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families.” Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point why that's the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study's going to cover some of that,” she says.Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.51. The best title of this passage is__________.A. Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB. Jewish Identity in AmericaC. Judaism-a Religion?D. College Jewish Students52. Among the freshmen at UCLA__________thought themselves as Jewish.A. mostB. 93% of those whose parents were both JewishC. 62% of those only whose father were JewishD. 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish53. The ph rase “interfaith marriage” in the Paragraph 3 refers to the__________.A. marriage of people based on mutual beliefB. marriage of people for the common faithC. marriage of people of different religious faithsD. marriage of people who have faith in each other54. Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Sax's research?A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish.B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen.C. The research survey didn't find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion.D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study.55. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel.B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it's an experience.C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world.D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism.Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “In comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure in dividual rights,” he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the massproduction of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,”he argues. “There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.”Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,” Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力）to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance,” Olson conc ludes.56. Which of the following is true about Olson?A. He was a fiction writer.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D. He was against the ownership of private property.57. Which of the following represents Olson's point or view?A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.D. In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're poor.58. What does Olson think about mass production?A. It's capital intensive.B. It's property intensive.C. It relies on individual labor.D. It relies on individual skills.59. What is the basis for the banking system?。
北京大学教育博士专业学位(Ed.D)考博真题、考博参考书、考博分数线
教育学院博士研究生考试教育管理教育博士专业学位（Ed.D.）考博复习资料--育明考博一、北京大学教育博士专业学位（Ed.D.）考博招生报考分析（育明考博）招生专业计划招生人数招考方式考试内容045101教育管理（教育博士专业学位）2016年15人2017年13人申请-考核制专业笔试（教育管理综合）专业面试A、学术潜力和研究设想B、学术基础和研究素质）育明教育考博：点击咨询杜老师1、教育管理-教育博士专业学位考博的报录比平均在5:1左右，招生对象为从事教育管理及相关工作经历的考生。
2、2016年实际录取的考生包括15名统考考生，1名港澳台考生。
2017年实际录取15人，其中包括3名专项计划录取学生。
3、从2013年开始北大教育学院的博士招生开始实行“申请-审核制”，与以往的考试制在考查方式、考查测重点方面都有所区别。
“申请制”不代表不考试，也不代表考试不重要，最终决定能否被录取的还是考试成绩（材料审核成绩不计入最终排名的总分）。
4、材料审核中重点打分项：①科研成果（论文、working paper、参与课题）②工作履历③外语水平④本硕院校⑤博士修习计划5、报考北大教育学院博士的考生如果没有能够证明英语能力的材料需参加“北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试”（教育学院单独命题）6、学生须交纳培养费共计人民币10万元，分4年交清，每学年25000元。
交通食宿费用及国外学习考察费用自理。
二、北京大学教育博士专业学位（Ed.D.）考博报考条件1．品行端正，遵纪守法；2．具有硕士学位；3．高等学校中高层管理人员；4．有5年以上教育或相关领域全职工作经历；5．健康状况符合规定的体检标准；6.入学后能脱产学习一学年以上的申请者在同等条件下优先考虑。
三、北京大学教育经济与管理专业考博申请材料（1）通过网上报名系统打印的《报名登记表》；（2）学位、学历证书的复印件；（3）身份证复印件；（4）硕士课程成绩单的原件或复印件（提供复印件的同学须在复试时提交原件）；（5）硕士学位论文；（6）两位与所申请学科相关的副教授（或相当于副教授）以上职称专家的推荐信；（7）攻读博士学位期间本人想致力研究的问题和设想的陈述书；（8）学习和工作经历、经验、能力、特别成就、公开发表的学术论文、所获专利及其他原创性研究成果的陈述和证明；（9）外语水平证明复印件。
考博士英语试题及答案
考博士英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。
（每题2分，共10分）[短文内容略](1) What is the main idea of the passage?(2) What does the author suggest about the future of technology?(3) Why are some people hesitant to adopt new technologies?(4) What is the role of education in technological advancement?(5) How can individuals contribute to the development of technology?2. 阅读以下文章，然后根据文章内容选择最佳答案。
（每题2分，共10分）[文章内容略](1) A(2) B(3) C(4) D(5) E3. 阅读以下文章，并根据文章内容回答问题。
（每题3分，共20分） [文章内容略](1) What is the primary purpose of the article?(2) How does the author describe the impact of globalization?(3) What are some of the challenges faced by developing countries?(4) What solutions does the author propose to address the issues?(5) What is the author's conclusion regarding the futureof globalization?二、词汇与语法（共30分）1. 根据句子意思，选择正确的词汇填空。
北京大学考博英语 试题及答案解析
北大考博英语历年真题
北京大学 2013 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
Part One: Listening Comprehension
Section A (10%) Directions: In this section you will hear 3 passages. Each passage will be read only ONCE. At
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the end of each passage, there will be a pause. Listen carefully to the passages and then answer the questions that follow. Mark your choice on the Answer Sheet. Passage One Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 1. Which of the following statements is true about heart disease? A. It kills 2.6 million people all over the world each year. B. It is a major disease in Western countries. C. It is caused by the blood supply that nourishes the heart muscle. D. It can cause the blood vessels to become blocked. 2. What can we learn from the study in England and Scotland? A. There are more meat and fish eaters than vegetarians in the study. B. 32% of the people in the study are vegetarians. C. People who have normal blood pressure and a healthy weight-are eligible for the study. D. No vegetarians died from heart disease in the study. 3. What did Tracy Parker from the British Heart Foundation suggest? A. Eating more vegetables would result in a healthy heart. B. Vegetarians should eat foods high in saturated fat and salt, too. C. We should try to avoid meat in our diet. D. Vegetarians had better eat meat to compensate for any lost vitamins and minerals. Passage Two Questions 4 to 6 are based on the passage you have just heard. 4. Which of the following statements in NOT true about the Chinese version of James Joyce’s novel Finnegans Wake? A. It took the translator 8 years to translate. B. It was so popular among readers that a second edition was being printed. C. The first run of 8,000 copies sold out in less than a month. D. It was one of the bestsellers in Shanghai last week. 5. What did the translator Ms. Dai say about her work? A. Her work was not faithful to the original intent of the novel. B. She had tried to make her work as complex as the original. C. She had tried to make her work easy to understand. D. She was not surprised that her work had become a hit in the country. 6. How did some critics explain the “Finnegans Wake” phenomenon in China? A. It’s because the stream of consciousness style was warmly received by Chinese readers. B. It’s because the demand for translation of foreign-language novels exploded. C. It’s because the translation of the highbrow novel tickled some Chinese readers’ vanity.
北京大学博士英语试题及答案
北京大学博士英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分，每题2分）1. The company has been ________ for over a century.A. establishedB. establishingC. to establishD. being established答案：A2. Despite the heavy rain, the match will be held as ________.A. planB. plannedC. planningD. to plan答案：B3. The professor suggested that we ________ a meeting to discuss the issue.A. arrangeB. arrangedC. arrangingD. will arrange答案：A4. The book is worth ________.A. to readB. readC. readingD. being read答案：C5. The problem is too difficult for us ________.A. to solveB. solvingC. solvedD. being solved答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分，每题3分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。
The rise of artificial intelligence has brought about significant changes in various industries. Companies are now using AI to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance customer experiences. However, with the rapid advancement of technology, there are concerns about job displacement and privacy issues.6. What is the main focus of the passage?A. The impact of AI on industriesB. The benefits of AIC. The concerns about AID. The advancement of technology答案：A7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of AI?A. Improved efficiencyB. Reduced costsC. Enhanced customer experiencesD. Increased job opportunities答案：D8. What is the concern associated with AI?A. Job displacementB. Increased efficiencyC. Reduced costsD. Enhanced customer experiences答案：A9. What can be inferred from the passage?A. AI is only used in certain industries.B. AI is a threat to privacy.C. AI is being embraced by companies.D. AI has no benefits.答案：C10. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To promote AIB. To criticize AIC. To inform about AID. To encourage debate about AI答案：C三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In the past, people used to believe that the world was flat. However, with the discovery of new lands and the development of navigational tools, this belief was gradually __11__.11. A. changedB. alteredC. modifiedD. transformed答案：A12. The explorers' voyages led to a __12__ understanding of the world.A. clearB. distinctC. preciseD. accurate答案：D13. As a result, the concept of a spherical Earth became__13__.A. acceptedB. acknowledgedC. recognizedD. known答案：A14. Today, we take for granted the fact that the Earth is round, but in the past, it was a __14__ idea.A. revolutionaryB. radicalC. groundbreakingD. innovative答案：A15. The __15__ of the Earth's shape has had a profound impact on science and exploration.A. realizationB. perceptionC. understandingD. comprehension答案：A四、翻译（共30分，每题10分）16. 随着互联网的普及，人们获取信息的方式发生了巨大变化。
北京大学考博英语-10_真题-无答案
北京大学考博英语-10(总分57.5,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ V ocabulary1. The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City ______ shock and anger not only throughout America but also throughout the whole world.A. envelopedB. summonedC. temptedD. provoked2. The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things that are ______, exist only until the sunset.A. equitableB. ephemeralC. euphoniousD. evasive3. As a result, the mission of the school, along with the culture of the classroom, ______A. was slowly to changeB. are slowly changedC. is slowly changingD. have slowly changed4. Sales of mushrooms have hit an all-time high as Britons increasingly turn to the cheap and ______ foodstuff for their cooking.A. versatileB. multipleC. manifoldD. diverse5. Before turning to writing, I spent eight years as a lawyer______about how life would be with a prominent father blazing my trail.A. fantasizingB. fascinatingC. facilitatingD. finalizing6. Nobody knows why there are so few women at the ______ of movies.A. helmB. seatC. controlD. reign7. There is a conspicuous lack of public debate about how this insular country should______the reality that more immigrants **ing and that those already here are changing Japan.A. abide byB. account forC. act onD. adjust to8. Bystanders, ______, ______ as they walked past lines of ambulances.A. bloody and covered with dust, looking dazedB. bloodied and covered with dust, looked dazedC. bloody and covered with dust, looked dazedD. bloodied and covered with dust, looking dazed9. ______ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.A. To be freeB. To freeC. FreeingD. Freed10. The children prefer camping in the mountains ______ an indoor activity.A. toB. thanC. forD. with11. ______ they think it **e to an end through the hands of God, or a natural disaster or a political event, whatever the reason, nearly 15 percent of people worldwide think the end of the world is coming, according to a new poll.A. EitherB. WhetherC. NeitherD. If12. ______before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together.A. Had they arrivedB. Would they arriveC. Were they arrivingD. Were they to arrive13. The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to ______ or to root out, apart from monarchy.A. discardB. discreetC. discordD. disgorge14. The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a ______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion.A. longB. foreverC. lastingD. lively15. ______, the guest speaker was ushered into the auditorium hall to give the lecture.A. Being shown around the campusB. Having shown to the campusC. After been shown around the campusD. Having been shown around the campus16. Unloved and unwanted youngsters may be tempted to run away from home to escape their problems, ______ bigger ones in cities plagued with crime, drugs, and immorality.A. have only foundB. only findingC. only foundD. only to find17. Glass-fiber cables can carry hundreds of telephone conversations ______.A. spontaneously B: simultaneously C. immediately D. immiscibly18. "What courses are you going to do next semester?""I don"t know. But it"s about time______on something."A. I"ddecideB. I decidedC. I decideD. I"m deciding19. "What do they eat in Hawaii?" ______ eat rice rather than potatoes."A. Most of peopleB. Most of the peopleC. The most of peopleD. The most people20. Scientists generally hold that language has been so long in use that the length of time writing is known to cover is ______in Comparison.A. overwhelmingB. uninspiringC. astoundingD. triflingPart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionIt happened in the late fall of 1939 when, after a Nazi submarine had penetrated the British sea defense around the Firth of Forth and damaged a British cruiser, Reston and a colleague contrived to get the news past British censorship. They cabled a series of seemingly harmless sentences to The Times"s editors in New York, having first sent a message instructing the editors to regard only the last word of each sentence. Thus they were able to convey enough words to spell out the story. The fact that the news of the submarine attack was printed in New York before it had appeared in the British press sparked a big controversy that led to an investigation by Scotland Yard and British Military Intelligence. But it took the investigators eight weeks to decipher The Times"s reporters" code, an embarrassingly slow bit of detective work, and when it was finally solved the incident had given the story very prominent play, later expressed dismay that the reporters had risked so much for so little. And the incident left Reston deeply distressed. It was so out of character for him to have. become involved in such a thing. The tactics were questionable and, though the United States was not yet in the war, Britain was already established as America"s close ally and breaking British censorship seemed both an irresponsible and unpatriotic thing to do.1. The episode recounted in the passage took place ______.A. just prior to the outbreak of the Second World WarB. bofore Britain entered the Second World WarC. before the United States entered the Second World WarD. while the United States was in the Second World War2. It was clear that British censorship rules had been broken because the story was ______.A. first published in New YorkB. published nowhere but in The TimesC. uncomplimentary to the BristishD. much fuller in its Times version than elsewhere3. According to the author, the British did little about the story"s publication mainly because ______.A. everyone responsible had apologized for what had happenedB. it took the authorities too long to figure out how the censors had been outwittedC. Scotland Yard and British Military Intelligence disagreed about who was at faultD. they were afraid to admit that the censors had been so easily fooled4. The passage indicates that eventually everyone involved came to regard the publication of the story in The Times as a ______.A. regrettable errorB. cheap journalistic trickC. brilliant journalistic maneuverD. proper exercise of the freedom of the pressBefore a big exam, a sound night"s sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between **peting theories of why sleep is good for the memory. one says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then "edited" at night, to flush away what is superfluous.To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of deep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a **ing on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern--what is referred to as "artificial grammar". Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not.What is more, those with more to learn (i. e. , the "grammar", as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The "editing" theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.5. Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with regard to ______A. how dreams are modified in their coursesB. the difference between sleep and wakefulnessC. why sleep is of great benefit to memoryD. the functions of a good night"s sleep6. As manifested in the experimental study, rapid eye movement is characterized by ______A. intensely active brainwave tracesB. subjects" quicker response timesC. complicated memory patternsD. revival of events in the previous day7. By referring to the artificial grammar, the author intends to show ______A. its significance in the studyB. an inherent pattern being learntC. its resemblance to the lightsD. the importance of night"s sleep8. A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand or express the emotion that it ______ in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.A. reflectsB. retainsC. rousesD. radiatesin science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization"s every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modem scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces "really" are. "Electricity," Bertrand Russell says, "is not a thing, like St. Paul"s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell." Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that"s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that"s where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.9. Bertrand Russell"s notion about electricity is______A. disapproved of by most modern scientistsB. in agreement with Aristotle"s theory of self-evident principlesC. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward "how" things happenD. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward "why" things happen10. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea that______A. there are self-evident principlesB. there are mysterious forces in the universeC. man cannot discover what forces "really" areD. we can discover why things behave as they do11. The expression "speculated on" (Line 4) means______A. consideredB. suspectedC. expectedD. engaged in buying and sellingThe domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the years as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions.The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary andfiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Final]y, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines.The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the **ponent of our trade deficit, however, the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance.The underlying task of public policy for the year ahead--and indeed for the longer run--remained a familiar one: to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve **petitive posture internationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three Program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large; however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy"s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.12. The author mentions increased installment debt in the first paragraph in order to show ______.A. the continuing expansion of the economyB. the growth of consumer purchasing powerC. the consumers" confidence in the economyD. the soaring consumer incomes for spending13. Paragraph 2 mainly deals with ______.A. economic policy measures suggested by the PresidentB. the causes of business development for the periodC. the stimulative monetary and fiscal policesD. the revival of stronger liquidity positions14. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the author"s attitude toward the reduction of the international payments deficit seems ______.A. bitter-sweetB. pessimisticC. sympatheticD. doubtful15. Part of the public policy task, as outlined in the text, is to ______.A. prevent payments deficitB. devalue the American dollarC. avoid inflationary pressuresD. increase the balance of trade16. It can be learned from the last paragraph that the Phase Three Program contained ______.A. devaluation of the dollarB. productivity measuresC. reduced government spendingD. wage and price controlsPart Ⅲ ClozeThe strangest weather of last year was possibly not on Earth, but on the Sun. Every 11 years 31 the Sun goes through a cycle of sunspots--actually magnetic storms erupting across its surface. The number of sunspots 32 its minimum in 2007 and 33 have increased soon afterwards, but the Sun has remained strangely quiet since then. Scientists have been baffled as weeks and sometimes months have gone by without a single sunspot, in 34 is thought to be the deepest solar minimum for almost 100 years.This 35 of solar activity means that cosmic rays reaching Earth from space have increased and the planet"s ionosphere in the upper atmosphere has sunk in 36 , giving less drag on satellites and making collisions between them and space junk more likely. The solar minimum could also be cooling the climate on Earth because of slightly diminished solar irradiance. In fact, the quiet spell on the Sun may be 37 some of the warming effects of greenhouse gases, accounts for the somewhat flat temperature trend of the past decade. But 38 if this solar minimum is offsetting global warming, scientists stress that the overall effect is relatively slight and certainly will not last.The Sun has gone into long quiet spells before. From 1645 to 1715 few sunspots were seen during a period called the Little Ice Age, when short summers and savage winters often plagued Northern Europe. Scotland was hit particularly 39 as harvests were ruined in cold, miserable summers, which led to famine, death, migration and huge depopulation. But whether the quiet Sun was entirely to blame for it remains highly 40 .1.A. and soB. or soC. on soD. soon2.A. increasedB. gotC. reducedD. reached3.A. shouldB. couldC. wouldD. might4.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. how5.A. muchB. lackC. numberD. amount6.A. highB. heightC. altitudeD. space7.A. makingB. causingC. decreasingD. masking8.A. evenB. whatC. in caseD. still9.A. hardB. severeC. harshD. heavy10.A. certainB. unlikelyC. likelyD. uncertainPart Ⅳ Proofreading(66)Prosperous alumni helped make 2006 a recorded fund-raising year for colleges and universities, which hauled in $28 billion-- a 9.4 percent jump from 2005.(67) There were increases across the board, but for usual it was the already wealthy who tared best.(68) Stanford"s $911 million was the most ever collected by a single university, and rose the possibility of a billion-dollar fund-raising year in the not-too-distant future.(69)"There were a set of ideas and a set of initiatives that the university is undertaking that people wanted to invest,"said Martin Shell, Stanford"s vice president for development. (70) "This is an unbelievably generous response from unbelievably philanthropic set of alumni, parents, and friends."(71) Harvard ranked two in fund-raising last year with $595 million.(72) National, donations from alumni rose 18.3 percent from 2005, according to figures released yesterday by the Council for Aid to Education.(73)Alumni donations account about 30 percent of giving to higher education.(74)Giving from other groups, such as corporations and foundations, increased by much small amounts.(75)Survey director Ann Kaplan said the strong economics played a role, but universities also were asking more aggressively as part of formal fund-raising campaigns.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.。
2023年北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析
Part Two：Structure and Written Expression（20%）Directions：For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.11．Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question thata wide solution.A．admits of B. requires of C. needs of D.seeks for12．In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.A．accustomed to split and dividedB．accustomed to splitting and dividingC．accustomed to split and dividingD．accustomed to splitting and divided13．Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.A. at itselfB. as itselfC. on itselfD. in itself14．us earlier, your request to the full.A.You have contacted…we could comply withB.Had you contacted…we could have complied withC.You had contacted…could we have complied withD.Have you contacted…we could comply with15．The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy.A. discardB. discreetC. discordD. disgorge16. Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious theirpsychology. No one can shield himself such an influence.A. on…by…atB. by…for…inC. from…in…onD. through…with…from17. The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create.A. boreB. boredC. boredomD. bordom18. Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz.A. lackedB. lackingC. for lack ofD. lack of19. There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine.A. that have toB. have toC. having toD. has to20. The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it.A. none the worseB. none the betterC. never worseD. never better21. As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color.A. cried out for…cried out forB. cry out for…cry out forC. had cried out for…cried out forD. had cried out for…cry out for22. While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very .A. triggerB. meagerC. vigorD. linger23. Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology.A. as much the Africans are detribalizedB. the Africans are much being detribalizedC. as much as the Africans are being detribalizedD. as much as the Africans are detribalized24. We admire his courage and self-confidence.A. can butB. cannot onlyC. cannot butD. can only but25. In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed tonotice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical.A. inundatingB. imitatingC. immolatingD. insulating26. you promise you will work hard, support you to college.A. If only…will IB. Only…I willC. Only if…will ID. Only if…I will27. It is one of the ironies of Western man that he has never felt invention as a threat to his way of life.A. any concern withB. any concern aboutC. any concern inD. any concern at28. One room schools, with all subjects being taught to all grades at the same time, simplywhen better transportation permits specialized spaces and specialized teaching.A. resolvedB. absolvedC. dissolvedD. solved29. People are living longer and not saving enough, which means they will either have to worklonger, live less in retirement or bailed by the government.A. in…for…upB. for…on…outC. by…in…onD. on…for…out30. The country s deficit that year to a record 1698 billion dollarsA. soaredB. souredC. soredD. sourcedPart Three: Close Test (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose ONE best word for each numbered blank. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.2023 was the worst year for the record labels in a decade31 was 2023, and before that 2023 and 2023. In fact,industry revenues have been 32 for the past 10 years. Digital sales are growing, but not as fast as traditional sales are falling.Maybe that’s because illegal downloads are so easy. People have been 33 intellectual property for centuries, but it used to be a time-consuming way to generate markedly 34 copies. These days, high-quality copies are 35. According to the Pew Internet project, people use file-sharing software more often than they do iTunes and other legal shops.I’d like to believe, as many of my friends seem to, that this practice won’t do much harm. But even as I’ve heard over the past decade that things weren’t 36 bad, that the music industry was moving to a new, better business model, each year’s numbers have been worse. Maybe it’s time to admit that we may never find a way to 37 consumers who want free entertainment with creators who want to get paid.38 on this problem, the computational neuroscientist Anders Sandberg recently noted that although we have strong instinctive feelings about ownership, intellectual property doesn’t always 39 that framework. The harm done by individual acts of piracy is too small and too abstract.“The nature of intellectual property,”he wrote, “makes it hard to maintain the social and empathic 40 that keep(s) us from taking each other’s things.”31. A. As B. Same C. Thus D. So32. A. stagnating B. declining C. increasing D. stultifying33. A. taking B. robbing C. stealing D. pirating34. A. upgraded B. inferior C. ineffective D. preferable35. A. numerous B. ubiquitous C. accessible D. effortless36. A. so B. this C. that D. much37. A. satisfy B. help C. reconcile D. equate38. A. Based B. Capitalizing C. Reflecting D. Drawing39. A. match up with B. fill in C. fit into D. set up40. A. constraints B. consciousness C. norm D. etiquettePart IV: Reading Comprehension(20%)Directions: Each of the following four passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question or unfinished statement, four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneCancer has always been with us, but not always in the same way. Its care and management have differed over time, of course, but so, too, have its identity, visibility, and meanings. Pick up the thread of history at its most distant end and you have cancer the crab—so named either because of the ramifying venous processes spreading out from a tumor or because its pain is like the pinch of a crab’s claw. Premodern cancer is a lump, a swelling that sometimes breaks through the skin in ulcerations producing foul-smelling discharges. The ancient Egyptians knew about many tumors that had a bad outcome, and the Greeks made a distinction between benign tumors (oncos) and malignant ones (carcinos). In the second century A．D．, Galen reckoned that the cause was systemic, an excess of melancholy or black bile, one of the body’s four “humors,”brought on by bad diet and environmental circumstances. Ancient medical practitioners sometimes cut tumors out, but the prognosis was known to be grim. Describing tumors of the breast, an Egyptian papyrus from about 1600 B．C．concluded: “There is no treatment.”The experience of cancer has always been terrible, but, until modern times, its mark on the culture has been light. In the past, fear coagulated around other ways of dying: infectious and epidemic diseases (plague, smallpox, cholera, typhus, typhoid fever); “apoplexies”(what we now call strokes and heart attacks); and, most notably in the nineteenth century, “consumption”(tuberculosis). The agonizing manner of cancer death was dreaded, but that fear was not centrally situated in the public mind—as it now is. This is one reason that the medical historian Roy Porter wrote that cancer is “the modern disease par excellence,”and that Mukherjee calls it “the quintessential product of modernity.”At one time, it was thought that cancer was a “disease of civilization,” belonging to much the same causal domain as “neurasthenia” and diabetes, the former a nervous weakness belie ved to be brought about by the stress of modern life and the latter a condition produced by bad diet and indolence. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, some physicians attributedcancer—notably of the breast and the ovaries—to psychological and behavioral causes. William Buchan’s wildly popular eighteenth-century text “Domestic Medicine”judged that cancers might be caused by “excessive fear, grief, religious melancholy.”In the nineteenth century, reference was repeatedly made to a “cancer personality,”and, in some versions, specifically to sexual repression. As Susan Sontag observed, cancer was considered shameful, not to be mentioned, even obscene. Among the Romantics and the Victorians, suffering and dying from tuberculosis might be considered a badge of refinement; cancer death was nothing of the sort. “It seems unimaginable,”Sontag wrote, “to aestheticize”cancer.41. According to the passage, the ancient Egyptians .A. called cancer the crabB. were able to distinguish benign tumors and malignant onesC. found out the cause of cancerD. knew about a lot of malignant tumors42. Which of the following statements about the cancers of the past is best supported by the passage?A. Ancient people did not live long enough to become prone to cancerB. In the past, people did not fear cancerC. Cancer death might be considered a badge of refinementD. Some physicians believed that one s own behavioral mode could lead to cancer43. Which of the following is the reason for cancer to be called “the modern disease”?A. Modern cancer care is very effectiveB. There is a lot more cancer nowC. People understand cancer in radically new ways nowD. There is a sharp increase in mortality in modern cancer world44.“Neurasthenia”and diabetes are mentioned because .A. they are as fatal as cancerB. they were considered to be “disease of civilization”C. people dread them very muchD.they are brought by the high pressure of modern life45. As suggested by the passage, with which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?A. The care and management of cancer have development over timeB. The cultural significance of cancer shifts in different timesC. Cancer s identity has never changedD. Cancer is the price paid for modern lifePassage TwoIf you happened to be watching NBC on the first Sunday morning in August last summer, you would have seen something curious. There, on the set of Meet the Press, the host, David Gregory, was interviewing a guest who made a forceful case that the U．S．economy had become “very distorted.”In the wake of the recession, this guest explained, high-income individuals, large banks, and major corporations had experienced a “significant recovery”; the rest of the economy, by contrast—including small businesses and “a very significant amount of the labor force”—was stuck and still struggling. What we were seeing, he argued, was not a single economy at all, but rather “fundamentally two separate types of economy,”increasingly distinct and divergent.This diagnosis, though alarming, was hardly unique: drawing attention to the divide between the wealthy and everyone else has long been standard fare on the left. (The idea of “two Americas”was a central theme of John Edwards’s 2023 and 2023 presidential runs.) What made the argument striking in this instance was that it was being offered by none other than the former five-term Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan: iconic libertarian, preeminent defender of the free market, and (at least until recently) the nation’s foremost devotee of Ayn Rand. When the high priest of capitalism himself is declaring the growth in economic inequality a national crisis, something has gone very, very wrong.This widening gap between the rich and non-rich has been evident for years. In a 2023 report to investors, for instance,three analysts at Citigroup advised that “the World is dividing into two blocs—the Plutonomy and the rest”.In a plutonomy there is no such animal as “the U．S．consumer”or “the UK consumer”, or indeed “the Russian consumer”. There are rich consumers, few in number, but disproportionate in the gigantic slice of income and consumption they take. There are the rest, the “non-rich”, the multitudinous many, but only accounting for surprisingly small bites of the national pie.Before the recession, it was relatively easy to ignore this concentration of wealth among an elite few. The wondrous inventions of the modern economy—Google, Amazon, the iPhone broadly improved the lives of middle-class consumers, even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy. And the less-wondrous inventions—particularly the explosion of subprime credit—helped mask the rise of income inequality for many of those whose earnings were stagnant.But the financial crisis and its long, dismal aftermath have changed all that. A multi-billion-dollar bailout and Wall Street’s swift, subsequent reinstatement of gargantuan bonuses have inspired a narrative of parasitic bankers and other elites rigging the game for their own benefit.And this, in turn, has led to wider-and not unreasonable-fears that we are living in not merely a plutonomy, but a plutocracy, in which the rich display outsize political influence, narrowly self interested motives, and a casual indifference to anyone outside their own rarefied economic bubble.46. According to the passage, the U．S．economy .A. fares quite wellB. has completely recovered from the economic recessionC. has its own problemsD. is lagging behind other industrial economies47. Which of the following statement about today’s super-elite would the passage support?A. Today’s plutocrats are the hereditary eliteB. Today’s super-rich are increasingly a nation unto themselvesC. They are the deserving winners of a tough economic competitionD. They are worried about the social and political consequences of rising income inequality48. What can be said of modern technological innovations?A. They have lifted many people into the middle class.B. They have narrowed the gap between the rich and the non-rich.C. They have led to a rise of income inequality.D. They have benefited the general public.49. The author seems to suggest that the financial crisis and its aftermath .A. have compromised the rich with the non-richB. have enriched the plutocratic eliteC. have put Americans on the alert for too much power the rich possessD. have enlarged the gap between the rich and non-rich50. The primary purpose of the passage is to .A. present the financial imbalance in the U．S．B. display sympathy for the working classC. criticize the super elite of the Unite StatesD. appreciate the merits of the super rich in the U．S．Passage ThreeCharles Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is credited with sparking evolution’s revolution in scientific thought, but many observers had pondered evolution before him. It was understanding the idea’s significance and selling it to the public that made Darwin great, according to the Arnold Arboretum’s new director.William Friedman, the Arnold Professor of Organism and Evolutionary Biology who took over as arboretum director Ja n．1, has studied Darwin’s writings as well as those of his predecessors and contemporaries. While Darwin is widely credited as the father of evolution, Friedman said the “historical sketch”that Darwin attached to later printings of his masterpiece wasintended to mollify those who demanded credit for their own earlier ideas.The historical sketch grew with each subsequent printing, Friedman told an audience Monday (Ja n．10), until, by the 6th edition, 34 authors were mentioned in it. Scholars now believe that somewhere between 50 and 60 authors had beaten Darwin in their writings about evolution Included was Darwin’s grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, a physician who irritated clergymen with his insistence that life arose from lower forms, specifically mollusks.Friedman’s talk, “A Darwinian Look at Darwin’s Evolutionist Ancestors,”took place at the arboretum’s Hunnewell Building and was the first in a new Director’s Lecture Series.Though others had clearly pondered evolution before Darwin, he wasn’t without originality.Friedman said that Darwin’s thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolution was shared by few, most prominently Alfred Wallace, whose writing on the subject after years in the field spurred Darwin’s writing of “On the Origin of Species.”Although the book runs more than 400 pages, Friedman said it was never the book on evolution and natural selection that Darwin intended. In 1856, three years before the book was published, he began work on a detailed tome on natural selection that wouldn’t see publication until 1975.The seminal event in creating “On the Origin of Species”occurred in 1858, when Wallace wrote Darwin detailing Wallace’s ideas of evolution by natural selection. The arrival of Wallace’s ideas galvanized Darwin into writing “On the Origin of Species”as an “abstract”of the ideas he was painstakingly laying out in the larger work.This was a lucky break for Darwin, because it forced him to write his ideas in plain language, which led to a book that was not only revolutionary, despite those who’d tread similar ground before, but that was also very readable.Though others thought about evolution before Darwin, scientific discovery requires more than just an idea. In addition to the concept, discovery requires the understanding of the significance of the idea, something some of the earlier authors clearly did not have—such as the arborist who buried his thoughts on natural selection in the appendix of a book on naval timber. Lastly, scientific discovery demands the ability to convince others of the correctness of an idea.Darwin, through “On the Origin of Species,”was the only thinker of the time who had all three of those traits, Friedman said.“Darwin had the ability to convince others of the correctness of the idea,” Friedman said, adding that even Wallace, whose claim to new thinking on evolution and natural selection was stronger than all the others, paid homage to Darwin by titling his 1889 book on the subject, “Darwinism.”51. According to William Friedman, Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is great in that.A. it was the most studied by later scientistsB. it had significant ideas about evolutionC. it was the first to talk about evolutionD. it was well received by the public52. Friedman believes that Darwin attached a “historical sketch”to later printings of his book in an attempt to .A. credit the ideas about evolution before hisB. claim himself as the father of evolutionC. introduce his grandfather to the readerD. summarize his predecessors work53. In Friedman s view, Darwin s originality lies in .A. his thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolutionB. his sharing ideas about evolution with his contemporariesC. the way he wrote “On the Origin of Species”D. the way he lectured on the ideas of evolution54. We have learned that at first Darwin intended to write his idea in .A. a much larger bookB. a 400page bookC. scientific termsD. plain language55. Scientific discovery requires all the following Expect .A. coming up with a new ideaB. understanding the significance of the ideaC. making claims to the idea by writing booksD. convincing others of the correctness of the idesPassage FourMany adults may think they are getting enough shut-eye, but in a major sleep study almost 80 percent of respondents admitted to not getting their prescribed amount of nightly rest. So, what exactly is the right amount of sleep? Research shows that adults need an average of seven to nine hours of sleep a night for optimal functionality. Read on to see just how much of an impact moderate sleep deprivation can have on your mind and body.By getting less than six hours of sleep a night, you could be putting yourself at risk of high blood pressure. When you sleep, your heart gets a break and is able to slow down for a significant period of time. But cutting back on sleep means your heart has to work overtime without its allotted break. In constantly doing so, your body must accommodate to its new conditions and elevate your overall daily blood pressure. And the heart isn’t the only organ that is overtaxed by a lack of sleeps. The less sleep you get, the less time the brain has to regulate stress hormones, and over time, sleep deprivation could permanently hinder the brain’s ability to regulate these hormones, leading to elevated blood pressure.We all hang around in bed during our bouts of illness. But did you know that skipping out on the bed rest can increase your risk of getting sick? Prolonged sleep deprivation has long been associated with diminished immune functions, but researchers have also found a direct correlation between “modest”sleep deprivation—less than six hours—and reduced immune response. So try to toughen up your immune system by getting at least seven hours of sleep a night, and maintaining a healthy diet. You’ll be glad you got that extra hour of sleep the next time that bug comes around and leaves everyone else bedridden with a fever for three days.During deep REM sleep, your muscles (except those in the eyes) are essentially immobilized in order to keep you from acting out on your dreams. Unfortunately, this effort your body makes to keep you safe while dreaming can sometimes backfire,resulting in sleep paralysis. Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain is aroused from its REM cycle, but the body remains in its immobilizing state. This can be quite a frightening sensation because, while your mind is slowly regaining consciousness, it has no control over your body, leaving some with a feeling of powerlessness, fear and panic. Most people experience this eerie phenomena at least once in their lives, but those who are sleep deprived are more likely to have panicked episodes of sleep paralysis that are usually accompanied by hallucinations, as well.For a second, imagine all of your memories are erased; every birthday, summer vacation, even what you did yesterday afternoon is completely lost, because you have no recollection of them.It’s a chilling thought, but that is what a life without sleep would be like. Sleep is essential to the cognitive functions of the brain, and without it, our ability to consolidate memories, learn daily tasks, and make decisions is impaired by a large degree. Research has revealed that REM sleep, or dream-sleep, helps solidify the “fragile”memories the brain creates throughout the day to that they can be easily organized and stored in the mind’s long-term cache.56. According to the passage, what is the meaning of “sleep deprivation”?A. To sleep for an average period of time.B. To sleep deeply without dreaming.C. To sleep less than needed.D. To sleep modestly.57. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A. When everyone else gets a fever, those with sleep deprivation will be abele to sleep longer.B. When everyone else gets a fever, those who usually have adequate sleep will be alright.C. Only modest sleep deprivation could weaken the immune system.D. Prolonged sleep deprivation will not have impact on the immune system.58. Why is there the so-called “sleep paralysis”?A. It occurs when you are unable to wake up from dreams while you are sleeping.B. It occurs when you brain immobilizes your body in order to keep you from dreaming.C. Because you are usually too frightened to move your body when waking up from deep REM sleep.D. Because your body, immobilized when dreaming, may still be unable to move even when your brain is waking up.59.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph?A. Memories are part of the cognitive function of the brain.B. Memories created during the daytime are usually fragile and impaired.C. You are likely to lose your memories of yesterday after a night’s sleep.D. Long term memory cannot be formed without dream-sleep.60. What effects of sleep deprivation on human mind and body are discussed in this passage?A. High blood pressure, a toughened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.B. Blood pressure, immune system, sleep paralysis, and long term memory.C. Blood pressure, immune system, the brain and the body, and memory.D. High blood pressure, a weakened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.Part V: Proofreading (15%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 15 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words ( in brackets )immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answer on the Answer Sheet (2).Examples:eg. 1(61) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (61) begun beganeg. 2(62) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up .Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (62) (Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3(63) Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (63)notWal-Mart announced Thursday afternoon that it would introduce a program nationwide called (61) “Pick Up Today”that allows customers to submit orders online and pick up their items few hours later in their local store. (62) The move is not revolutionary—Sears and Nordstrom, as instance, already have similar programs.(63) Retailers say that tying online and in-store inventory together lets them to sell more products. (64) Nordstrom recently combined its inventory so that if the online stockroom is out of a jacket, a store that has it can ship to the Web customer. (65) Encourage customers to retrieve items they have ordered online in a store increases visits to the stores, which usually increases sales. (66) Best Buy offers both store pickup and “ship to store,”where items are shipped free from a local store. Ace Hardware, J．C．Penney and Wal-Mart itself are among the others offering “ship to store”programs.In Wal-Mart’s program, (67) that is expected to be nationwide by June, customers can select from among 40,000 items online. (68) They will send a text message or e-mail alerting them when the order is ready, which usually takes about four hours.(69) “Not only we see it as a nice convenience for customers, but we also saw it as a way to drive incremental traffic to the stores, and incremental sales,”said Steve Nave, senior vice president and general manager of Walmar t．Com.(70) The program will include about 40000 items likewise electronics, toys, home décor and sporting goods. (71) As of now, it does not include groceries, though M r．Nave did dismiss that possibility.(72) “We’re not ready to talk today about everything that’s going on in grocery,”he said“What we’ve tried to do is (73) focus on those categories where customers are most likely to be willing to make the purchase after they touch it or look at it.(74) This is a convenient play, trying to figure out what are the things that are going to drive more customers into the stores.”Wal-Mart also announced that (75) it was shortened the time customers would have to wait for ship-to-store items, to four to seven days, from seven to 10 days.Part VI: Writing (15%)。
北京大学考博英语-9_真题无答案
北京大学考博英语-9(总分66, 做题时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Vocabulary1.Our visual perception depends on the reception of energy reflecting or radiating from ______ which we wish to perceive.SSS_SINGLE_SELA itB theseC thatD those2."The effect of this medicine ______ by midnight," the doctor told Emma"You had better not try to read tonight."SSS_SINGLE_SELA will wear offB wears offC will have worn offD will be worn off3.Cooked vegetables are also valuable sources of certain vitamins and minerals, if the juice is eaten and if not cooked ______ .SSS_SINGLE_SELA too long a timeB a long time tooC much time longD long much time4."Is George really leaving the university? .... Yes, but would you mind ______ to anyone":"SSS_SINGLE_SELA not to mention itB not mention itC not mentioning itD not to mentioning it5.Hip replacement surgery is______joint replacement surgery in theU.S..SSS_SINGLE_SELA the single most frequentB the most single frequentC the single frequentD a single frequent6.A comet is distinguished from other bodies in the solar system______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA into its appearanceB off its appearanceC by its appearanceD to its appearance7.Can"t you speak more ______ to your parents?SSS_SINGLE_SELA respectablyB respectinglyC respectivelyD respectfully8.The magician picked out several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.SSS_SINGLE_SELA by accidentB on averageC on occasionD at random9.The major obstacle to the reform in New Orleans, ______, is money.SSS_SINGLE_SELA as is it across the countryB as it is across the countryC as it were across the countryD as were it across the country10.The scheme was so impracticable that I refused even ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA to consider supporting itB considering to support itC to considering to support itD considering supporting it11.Packed like sardines into sweaty, claustrophobic subway carriages, passengers can barely breathe, ______ move about freely.SSS_SINGLE_SELA as well asB disregard forC let aloneD not mentioning12.The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City ______ shock and anger not only throughout America but also throughout the whole world.SSS_SINGLE_SELA envelopedB summonedC temptedD provoked13.Some readers, especially children, find his works among themost______books they have ever read.SSS_SINGLE_SELA captivatingB captivatedC capturableD captious14.The room is so ______ with furniture that it is hard to move about.SSS_SINGLE_SELA muddledB clutteredC distributedD scattered15.Hong Kong was not a target for terror attacks, the Government insisted yesterday, as the US ______ closed for an apparent security review.SSS_SINGLE_SELA ConsultationB ConstitutionC ConsulateD Consular16."They said what we always knew," said an administration source,______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA he asked not to be namedB who asked not to be namedC who asked not be namedD who asked not named17.Remember to ask for a______ of quality for the consumer goods; otherwise they will not of- fer any maintenance.SSS_SINGLE_SELA certificateB markC warrantyD receipt18.The patient is not in good condition, so do not ______ your visit.SSS_SINGLE_SELA lengthenB delayC extendD prolong19.Australia is struggling to cope with the consequences of a devastating drought. As the world warms up, other countries should pay______SSS_SINGLE_SELA heelB healC heedD head20.The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now ______ for it.SSS_SINGLE_SELA none the worseB none the betterC never worseD never betterPart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionThe early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the US economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century.Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the US Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase US economic output and strengthen the tax base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely.Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits.Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401 (k) and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances,there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations.The Hudson institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work and savings, especially for older worker. Among the report"s recommendations: Tax half of all Social Security benefits. regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to **pensation packages that may include a lower salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.According to Hudson Institute researchers, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers in the U. S. economy is ______A constructiveB significantC inconclusiveD detrimentalSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.The older experienced workers in America tend to retire early because their prolonged service may ______A do harm to younger generationsB end up with few or no benefitsC give play to their potentialsD shed light on social trendsSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.The second paragraph is written chiefly to show that ______A there will be an acute labor shortage in the near futureB baby-boomers contribute much to the US economic outputC government policies concerning older people are out-datedD alder workers are enthusiastic about collecting socialbenefitsParkinson"s disease, first described in the early 1800s by British physician James Parkinson as "shaking palsy", is among the most prevalent neurological disorders. According to the United Nations, at least four million people worldwide have it; in North America,estimates run from 500,000 to one million, with about 50,000 diagnosed every year. These figures are expected to double by 2040 as the world"s elderly population grows; indeed, Parkinson"s and other neurodegenerative **mon in the elderly (such as Alzheimer"s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) are on their way to overtaking cancer as a leading cause of death. But the disease is not entirely one of the aged: 50 percent of patients acquire it after age 60; the other half are affected before then. Furthermore, better diagnosis has made experts increasingly aware that the disorder can attack those younger than 40.So far researchers and clinicians have found no way to slow, stop or prevent Parkinson"s. Although treatments do exist-including drugs and deep-brain stimulation-these therapies alleviate symptoms, not causes. In recent years, however, several promising developments have occurred. In particular, investigators who study the role proteins play have linked miscreant proteins to genetic underpinnings of the disease. Such findings are feeding optimism that fresh angles of attack can be identified.As its 19th-century name suggests--and as many people know from the educational efforts of prominent Parkinson"s sufferers such as Janet Reno, Muhammad Ali and Michael J. Fox--the disease is characterized by movement disorders. Tremor in the hands, arms and elsewhere, limb rigidity, slowness of movement, and impaired balance and coordination are among the disease"s hallmarks. In addition, some patients have trouble walking, talking, sleeping, urinating and performing sexually.These impairments result from neurons dying. Although the victimcells are many and found throughout the brain, those producing the neurotransmitter dopamine in a region called the substantia nigra are particularly hard-hit. These dopaminergic nerve cells are **ponents of the basal ganglia, a complex circuit deep within the brain that fine-tunes and co-ordinates movement. Initially the brain canfunction normally as it loses dopaminergic neurons in the supstantia nigra, even though it cannot replace the dead cells. But when half or more of these specialized cells disappear, the brain can no longer cover for them. The deficit then produces the same effect that losing air traffic control does at a major airport. Delays, false starts, cancellations and, ultimately, chaos pervade as parts of the brain involved in motor control--the thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex--no longer function as an integrated and orchestrated unit.SSS_SINGLE_SEL4.Which of the following statements about Parkinson"s disease can be best supported by the passage?A Parkinson"s disease will become one of the leading causes of death for the old peopleB Parkinson"s disease is not entirely one of the aged, as halfof the patients are young peopleC Parkinson"s disease first appeared in the 19th centuryD Parkinson"s disease is a neurological disorder, but not yet a neurodegenerative illnessSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.The author of the passage suggests that the developments in the study of Parkinson"s disease can help______A prevent Parkinson"sB alleviate the causes of Parkinson"sC find new avenues for treatment of Parkinson"sD cure Parkinson"sSSS_SINGLE_SEL6.According to the passage, what causes Parkinson"s disease?A The dopaminergic nerve cells are impaired by the victim cellsB The dopaminergic nerve cells can no longer co-ordinate movementC There are tumors in the brainD There are not enough dopaminergic neurons in the brainSSS_SINGLE_SEL7.Janet Reno and Michael J. Fox are mentioned in the passagebecause______A they were experts on Parkinson"s diseaseB they made great efforts to fight Parkinson"s diseaseC they succeeded in fighting Parkinson"s diseaseD they were well-known sufferers of Parkinson"s diseaseSSS_SINGLE_SEL8.The primary purpose of this passage is to______A analyze what causes Parkinson"s diseaseB demonstrate how to prevent Parkinson"s diseaseC warn the young people of the danger of Parkinson"s diseaseD present new movements in the study of Parkinson"s diseaseMost scholars agree that Isaac Newton, while formulating the laws of force and gravity and inventing the calculus in the late 1600s, probably knew all the science there was to know at the time. In the ensuing 350 years an estimated 50 million research papers and innumerable books have been published in the natural sciences and mathematics. The modern high school student probably now possesses more scientific knowledge than Newton did, yet science to many people seems to be an impenetrable mountain of facts.One way scientists have tried to cope with this mountain is by becoming more and more specialized. Another strategy for coping with the mountain of information is to largely ignore it. That shouldn"t come as a surprise. Sure, you have to know a lot to he a scientist, but knowing a lot is not what makes a scientist. What makes a scientist is ignorance. This may sound ridiculous, but for scientists the facts are just a starting place. In science, every new discovery raises 10 new questions.By this calculus, ignorance will always grow faster than knowledge. Scientists and laypeople alike would agree that for all we **e to know, there is far more we don"t know. More important, every day there is far more we know we don"t know. One crucial outcome of scientific knowledge is to generate new and better ways of being ignorant: not the kind of ignorance that is associated with a lack of curiosity or education but rather a cultivated, high-quality ignorance. This gets to the essence of what scientists do: they make distinctions between qualities of ignorance. They do it in grant proposals and over beers at meetings. As James Clerk Maxwell, probably the greatest physicist between Newton and Einstein, said, "Thoroughly conscious ignorance...is a prelude to every real advance in knowledge. "This perspective on science—that it is about the questions more than the answers— **e as something of a relief. It makes science less threatening and far more friendly and, in fact, fun. Science becomes a series of elegant puzzles and puzzles within puzzles— and who doesn"t like puzzles? Questions are also more accessible and often more interesting than answers; answers tend to be the end of the process, whereas questions have you in the thick of things.Lately this side of science has taken a backseat in the public mind to what I call the accumulation view of science—that it is a pile of facts way too big for us to ever hope to conquer. But if scientists would talk about the questions, and if the media reported not only on new discoveries but the questions they answered and the new puzzles they created, and if educators stopped trafficking in facts that are already available on Wikipedia—then we might find a public onceagain engaged in this great adventure that has been going on for the past 15 generations.SSS_SINGLE_SEL9.Which of the following would most scholars agree to about Newton and science?A Newton was the only person who knew all the science in the 1600sB Newton"s laws of force and gravity dominated science for 350 yearsC Since Newton"s time, science has developed into a mountain of factsD A high school student probably knows more science than Newton didSSS_SINGLE_SEL10.Which of the following is best supported in this passage?A A scientist is a master of knowledgeB Knowledge generates better ignoranceC Ignorance is a sign of lack of educationD Good scientists are thoroughly ignorantSSS_SINGLE_SEL11.Why is it a relief that science is about the questions more than the answers?A Because people like solving puzzlesB Because questions make science accessibleC Because there are more questions than answersD Because questions point the way to deep answersSSS_SINGLE_SEL12.The expression "take a backseat" (line 1, paragraph 5) probably meansA take a back placeB have a different roleC be of greater priorityD become less importantSSS_SINGLE_SEL13.What is the author"s greatest concern in the passage?A The involvement of the public in scienceB Scientists" enjoyment of ignoranceC The accumulation of scientific knowledgeD Newton"s standing in the history of scienceWhy does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied research? Basic research is the very heart of science, andits cumulative product is the capital of scientific progress, a capital that must be constantly increased as the demands upon it rise. The goal of basic research is understanding, for its own sake. Understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell, the explosion of a spiral nebula or the distribution of cosmic dust, the causes of earthquakes and droughts, or of man as a behaving creature and of the social forces that are created whenever two or more human **e into contact with one another--the scope is staggering, but**mitment to truth is the same. If **mitment were to a particular result, conflicting evidence might be overlooked or, with the best will in the world, simply not appreciated. Moreover, the practical applications of basic research frequently cannot be anticipated. When Roentgen, the physicist, discovered X-rays, he had no idea of their usefulness to medicine.Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediate attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always far exceed those for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds devoted to research by industry--which is naturally far more concerned with applied aspects because these increaseprofits quickly--the funds the U.S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its overall research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to drive out basic. Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, "Developments will inevitably be undertaken prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making major scientific discoveries will be lost. Unfortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasis upon pure science tend to degrade the quality of the nation"s technology in the long run, rather than to improve it."SSS_SINGLE_SEL14.The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is______.A Roentgen"s Ignorance of X-raysB The Attractiveness of Applied ResearchC The Importance of Basic ResearchD Basic Research vsSSS_SINGLE_SEL15.Industry is primarily interested in applied research because it______.A provides better understandingB is frowned upon by the FoundationC offers immediate profitD drives out basic researchSSS_SINGLE_SEL16.Basic research is vital because ______.A it leads to results that can be appreciatedB it is driven out by applied researchC it provides the basis for scientific progressD its results cannot be anticipatedSSS_SINGLE_SEL17.The federal government ______.A encourages basic researchB devotes more than 90% of its research and development funds to applied researchC spends far more on applied research than on military problemsD opposes the Foundation"s grants to basic researchPart Ⅲ ClozeSeventeen-year-old Quantae Williams doesn"t understand why the U. S. Supreme Court struck down his school district"s racial diversity program. He now 1 the prospect of leaving his mixed-race high school in suburban Louisville and 2 to the poor black downtown schools where he 3 in fights. "I"m doing 4 in town. They should just leave it the 5 it is," said Williams, using a fond nickname for suburban Jeffersontown High School, 6 he"s bused every day from his downtown neighborhood. "Everything is 7 , we get along well. If I go where all my friends go, I"ll start getting in trouble again," Williams said as he took a 8 from his summer job 9 clothing 10 for poor families. Last month"s 5-4 ruling by the Supreme Court struck down programsthat were started voluntarily in Louisville and Seattle. The court"s decision has left schools 11 the country 12 to find a way to protect13 in their classrooms. Critics have called the decision the biggest14 to the ideals of the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education 15 , which outlawed racial segregation in U. S. public schools. With students already 16 to schools for the 17 year that begins in September, 18 will be immediately affected by the Supreme Court decision. In Jefferson County, officials said it could be two years 19 a new plan is 20 place, leaving most students in their current schools.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.A aspires toB dreadsC is hostile toD disdainsSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.A maintainingB transmittingC reimbursingD returningSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.A used to getB is used to getC is used to gettingD use to getSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.A wellB betterC goodD bestSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.A methodB wayC procedureD mannerSSS_SINGLE_SEL6.A whereB to whereC for whichD whichSSS_SINGLE_SEL 7.A linkedB segregatedC equalD mixedSSS_SINGLE_SEL 8.A restB breakC resurgenceD recreationSSS_SINGLE_SEL 9.A pickingB sortingC selectingD separatingSSS_SINGLE_SEL 10.A forfeitB bootyC donationD presentSSS_SINGLE_SEL 11.A overB acrossC amidD alongSSS_SINGLE_SEL 12.A falsifyingB purchasingC scamperingD scramblingSSS_SINGLE_SEL 13.A sanctityB complicationC genuinenessD diversitySSS_SINGLE_SEL 14.A concessionB countenanceC threatD adherenceSSS_SINGLE_SEL 15.A conditionB caseC claimD exampleSSS_SINGLE_SEL 16.A lootedB assignedC proddedD occupiedSSS_SINGLE_SEL 17.A academicB scholarlyC educationalD pedagogicalSSS_SINGLE_SEL 18.A fewB manyC a fewD everyoneSSS_SINGLE_SEL19.A afterB beforeC sinceD becauseSSS_SINGLE_SEL20.A inB onC out ofD intoPart Ⅳ Proofreading(66) Prosperous alumni helped make 2006 a recorded fund-raising year for colleges and universities, which hauled in $28 billion -- a 9.4 percent jump from 2005.(67) There were increases across the board, but for usual it was the already wealthy who tared best. (68) Stanford"s $911 million was the most ever collected by a single university, and rose the possibility of a billion-dollar fund-raising year in the not-too-distant future.(69) "There were a set of ideas and a set of initiatives that the university is undertaking that people wanted to invest," said Martin Shell, Stanford"s vice president for development. (70) "This is an unbelievably generous response from unbelievably philanthropic set of alumni, parents, and friends."(71) Harvard ranked two in fund-raising last year with $595 million.(72) National, donations from alumni rose 18.3 percent from 2005, according to figures released yesterday by the Council for Aid to Education. (73) Alumni donations account about 30 percent of giving to higher education. (74) Giving from other groups, such as corporations and foundations, increased by much small amounts. (75) Survey director Ann Kaplan said the strong economics played a role, but universities also were asking more aggressively as part of formal fund-raising campaigns.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI1.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 2.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 3.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 4.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 5.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 6.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 7.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 8.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 9.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 10.1。
北京大学人口、资源与环境经济学专业考博真题-育明考博
北京大学院人口、资源与环境经济学专业考博参考书推荐一、北京大学人口、资源与环境经济学专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初审复试内容020106人口、资源与环境经济学年份公开招考直博申请—考核制1、笔试：基础知识和基本能力测试。
2、面试：综合考查申请者知识背景、思维逻辑、创新能力、对本学科前沿领域掌握程度，并对申请者英语运用能力进行测试。
2015年2人1人育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、北京大学经济学院人口、资源与环境经济学专业考博的报录比平均在10:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、同等学力考生须加试报考专业两门硕士专业学位课程和哲学。
3、2016年北京大学实行“申请—考核制”，没有提供雅思、托福等英语成绩等级证明的同学，需要参加“北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试”。
4、复试总成绩计算方法：总成绩="笔试成绩×50％+面试成绩×50％。
5、初审包括对申请材料的审查和科研创新能力的评价。
6、笔试内容不指定参考书目。
育明教育考博分校针对北京大学人口、资源与环境经济学专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。
根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。
（北京大学经济学院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：柒柒贰陆，柒捌，伍叁柒）二、北京大学经济学院历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、2016年北京大学实行“申请—考核制”，没有提供雅思、托福等英语成绩等级证明的同学，需要参加“北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试”。
年份复试分数线进入复试人数/录取人数（不含硕博连读）2013年外语50分专业一60分专业二60分28人/20人2014年外语50分专业一60分专业二60分47人/35人2015年外语50分专业一60分专业二60分27人/21人2、北京大学经济学院复审包含：笔试和面试环节，考核中有任意一项不合格的，不能通过复审。
北京大学考博英语真题及答案.docx
Part Two: Structure and Written Expression20Directions: In each question decide which of four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET.21.The nuclear family __________ a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.A. refers toB. definesC. describesD. devotes to22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe thatelderly Americans are________ by social isolation and loneliness.A. reproachedB. favoredC. plaguedD. reprehended23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance, cooperation ________ the quality of interpersonal relationship.A. ascendsB. compelsC. enhancesD. prefers24.In the past 50 years, there ________ a great increase in the amount of research_____on the human brain.A. was⋯ didB. has been⋯ to be doneC. was⋯ doingD. has been⋯ done25. “I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like. ”“ Wetold you not to eat at a restaurant.You’d better _______ at home when you are not in theshape. ”A. to throw up⋯ to eatB. throwing up⋯ eatingC. to throw up⋯ eatD. throwing up⋯ eat26. Parent shave to show due concerns to theirchildren’s creativity and emotional output; otherwise what they think beneficial to the kids might probably _______ their enthusiasm and aspirations.A. hold backB. hold toC. hold downD. hold over27.According to psychoanalysis, aperson ’s attention is attracted ________ by the intensity of different signals ________ by their context, significance, andinformation content.A. not less than ⋯ asB. as⋯ justasC. so much⋯ asD. not so much⋯ as 28.They moved to Portland in1998 and lived in a big house, _______ to the south.A. the windows of which openedB. the windows of it openedC. itswindows opened D. the windows of which opening29.The lady who has_______ for a night in the dead of the winter later turned out to bea distant relation of his.A. put him upB. put him outC. put him onD. put him in30.By standers,_______,_________ as they walked past lines of ambulances.A. bloody and covered with dust, looking dazedB. bloodied and covered with dust, looked dazedC. bloody and covered with dust, looked dazedD. bloodied and covered with dust, looking dazed31.Hong Kong was not a target for terror attacks, the Government insisted yesterday, as the US________ closed for an apparent security review.32.American fans have selected Yao in a vote for the All-Star game ______the legendary O’ Neal,who ______ the “ GreatWall ”at the weekend as the Rockets beat the Los Angeles Lakers.-A. in head of, ran onB. in head of, ran intoC. ahead of, ran ontoD. ahead of, ran into33.Professional archivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate materials in other formats and the expertise to retrieve materials trapped in _________ computers.A. abstractB. obsoleteC. obstinateD. obese34.She always prints important documents and stores a backup set at her house“I. actually think there ’s something about the______ of paper that feels morecomforting. ”She said.A. tangibilityB. tanglednessC. tangentD. tantalization35. “ Theysaid what we alwaysknew, ”said an administration source,___________.A. he asked not to be namedB. who asked not to be namedC.who asked not be named D. who asked not named36.In Germany, the industrial giants Daimler Chrysler and Siemens recently_______their unions into signing contracts that lengthen work hours without increasing pay.A. muscledB. movedC. mushedD. muted37.He argues that the policy has done little to ease joblessness, and has leftthe country_______.38.The more people hear his demented rants, the more they see that he isa terrorist_______.A. who is pure and simpleB. being pure and simpleC.pure and simple D. as pure and simple39.This expansion of rights has led to both a paralysis of the public service and toa rapid and terrible ________ in the character of the population.A. determinationB. deteriorationC. desolationD. desperation40._______ a declining birthrate, there will be an over-supply of 27,000 primary school places by 2010, _______ leaving 35 school sidle.B. Coupling with, equivalent toC. Coupled with, equivalent toD. Coupling with, equals toPart Three: Reading Comprehension 10Passage One The HeroMy mother ’s parents came from Hungary, but my grandfather could trace his origin to Germany and also he was educated in Germany. Although he was able to hold a conversation in nine languages, he was most comfortable in German. Every morning, before going to his office, he read the German language newspaper, which was American owned and published in New York.My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to the United States with his wife and children. He still had relatives living in Europe. When the first world war broke out, he lamented the fact that if my uncle, his only son had to go, it would be cousin fighting against cousin. In the early days of the war, my grandmother begged him to stop taking the German newspaper and to take an English language newspaper, instead. He scoffed at the idea, explaining that the fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper, but only an American newspaper, printed in German. But my grandmother insisted, for fear that the neighbors may see him read it and think he was German. So, he finally gave up the German newspaper.One day, the inevitable happened and my uncle Milton received notice to join the army. My grandparents were very upset, but my mother, his little sister, was excited. Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off to war. She was ten years old at the time, and my uncle, realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and her friends, went out and bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted. When the day came for him to leave, his whole regiment, in their uniforms, left together from the same train station. There was a band playing and my mother and her friends came to see him off. Each one wore her service pin and waved a small American flag, cheering the boys, as they left.The moment came and the soldiers, all very young, none of whom had had any training, but who had never the less all been issued uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. The train groaned as if it knew the destiny to which it was taking its passengers, but it soon began to move. Still cheering and waving their flags, the band still playing, the train slowly departed the station.It had gone about a thousand yards when it suddenly ground to a halt. The band stopped playing, the crowd stopped cheering. Everyone gazed in wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station. It seemed an eternity until the doors opened and the men started to file out. Someone shouted,“ It the’s armistice. The war is over. ”For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers. The men lined up and formed into two lines. They walked down the steps and, with the band playing behind, paraded down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd. The next day my uncle returned to his job, and my grandfather resumed reading the German newspaper, which he read until the day he died.41. Where was thenarrator family’s when this story took place?A. In Germany.B. In Hungary.C. In the United StatesD. In New York.42.His grandfather ____________.A. could not speak and read English well enoughB. knew nine languages equally wellC. knew a number of languages, but felt more kin to GermanD. loved German best because it made him think of home43.His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and read newspapers in German, because ________.A. it was war time and Germans were their enemyB. the neighbors would mistake them as pro-GermanC.it was easier to get newspapers in English in AmericaD. nobody else read newspapers in German during the wartime44. The narrator mother’s wanted her brother to go to fight in the war,because________.A. like everybody else at the wartime, she was verypatriotic B. she hated the war and the Germans very muchC. all her friends had relatives in war and she wanted to be likethem D. she liked to have a brother she could think of as a heroPassage TwoWaking Up from the American DreamsThere has been much talk recently about the phenomenon of“ Wal-Martization of”America, which refers to the attempt of America ’s giant Wal-Mart chain store company to keep its cost at rock-bottom levels. For years, many American companies have embraced Wal-Mart-like stratagems to control labor costs, such as hiring temps (temporary workers) and part-timers, fighting unions, dismantling internal career ladders and outsourcing to lower paying contractors at home and abroad.While these tactics have the admirable outcome of holding down consumer prices, they ’ costlyre in other ways. More than a quarter of the labor force, about 34 million workers, is trapped in low-wage, often dead-end jobs. Many middle-income and high-skilled employees face fewer opportunities, too, as companies shift work to subcontract or sand temps agencies and move white-collar jobs to China and India. The result has been an erosion of one ofAmerica ’s most cherished value: giving its people the ability to move up the economic ladder over their life times. Historically, most Americans, even low-skilled ones, were able to find poorly paid janitorial or factory jobs, then gradually climbed into the middleclass as they gained experience and moved up the wage curve. But the number of workers progressing upward began to slip in 1970s. Upward mobility diminished even more in the 1980s as globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages.Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing what to do than of making it happen. Experts have decriedschools in’adequacy for years, but fixing them is a long, arduous struggle. Similarly, there have been plenty of warnings about declining college access, but finding funds was difficult even in eras of large surpluses.45. The American dream in this passage mainly refers to____________.A. there are always possibilities offered to people to develop themselves in the societyB. Americans can always move up the pay ladderC. American young people can have access to college, even they arepoor D. the labor force is not trapped in low-wage and dead-end jobs46.Wal-Mart strategy, according to this passage, is to___________.A. hire temps and part-timers to reduce its costB. outsource its contracts to lower price agencies at home andabroad C. hold down its consumer price by controlling its labor costsD. dismantle the career ladder and stop peopl’s mobilityupward 47. Which of the following statements is NOTTRUE?A. Wal-Martization has been successful in keeping costs at rock-bottom levels.B. Upward mobility for low-skilled workers has become impossible in the U.S.C. More business opportunities are given to low-cost agencies in China and India.D. Although people know how to restore American mobility, it ’s difficult to change the present situation.Passage Three Seniors and the CityTens of thousands of retirees are pulling up stakes in suburban areas and fashioning their own retirement communities in the heart of the bustling city. They are looking for what most older people want: a home with no stairs and low crime rates. And theyare willing to exchange regular weekly golf time for rich cultural offerings, young neighbors and plenty of good restaurants. Spying an opportunity, major real-estate developer shave broken ground on urban sites they intended to market to suburbanretirees. These seniors are already changing the face of big cities. One developer,Fran Mc Carthy asks: “ Whoever thought that suburban flight would beroundtrip? ”The trickle of older folks returning to the city has grown into a steady stream. While some cities, especially those with few cultural offerings, have seen an exodus of seniors, urban planners say others have become retirees magnets. Between 1999 and 2000, the population of 64-to-75-year-olds in downtown Chicago rose 17 percent. Austin, New Orleans, and Los Angeles have seen double-digit increases as well. There may be hidden health benefits to city living. A study reveals that moving from suburbs to the city can ward off the byproduct of aging--- social isolation. In the next six years, downtowns are expected to grow even grayer. For affluent retirees, city life is an increasingly popular option.48.Retired seniors are moving back into the city because____________.A. they find there are too many crimes in the suburbsB. unlike the flats in the city, their country house have stairs to climbC. they are no longer interested in playing golfD. in the city, they have more social and cultural life againstloneliness 49. From the passage we can infer that_________.A. the real-estate developers have broken their original contracts of constructionwith senior retireesB. a life in the downtown city is expensive, and most of those retirees who movedback into the city are very well-offC. with more older people living in the city, the city will become gray and less beautifulD. very soon the American suburban areas will face their low population crisis50. Fran Mc Carthy ’s question means: nobody ever thought that__________.A. people who moved out of the city decades ago now would move backB. suburban dwellers when moving back into the city must take roundtripC. suburban flight years ago would go in circlesD. senior people ’s moving back into the city would take place all over theUnited StatesDirections: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your ownEnglish the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answerson ANSWERSHEET(2)15(51)Being angry increases the risk of injury, especially among men, new research says. There searchers gathered data on more than 2,400 accident victims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine thepatient ’s emotional statejust before the injury and 24 hours earlier, gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable, angry or hostile, and to what degree. Then they compared the results witha control group of uninjured people.(52)Despite widespread belief in“ roadrage, ”anger did not correlate with injuries from traffic accidents.(53)Not surprisingly, anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted deliberately. But other injuries–those neither intentionally inflicted nor from falls or trafficaccidents–also showed strong associations with anger.(54)The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for men, but there were no differences by race. The authors acknowledge that their data depend on self-reports, which are not always reliable.(55)Why anger correlates with injury is not known. “I can speculate that the anger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury, or may have simply distracted the person, leading indirectly to the injury, said” the study ’s lead author.Part Four: Cloze Test10Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numberedblank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWERSHEET (2).Last year French drivers killed(56)_______ than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades. Credit goes largely(57)________ the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nation ’s high ways since 2003, which experts reckon(58)_______ 3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success: the government plans toinstall 500(59)______radar devices this year.So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses(60)_______ the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But lastyear ’s London bombing,in which video cameras(61)________a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spuraseachange. A month(62)_______ the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail, Internet and phone data for“ anti-terror” (63) a.InBritish poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were(64)_______ to give up some civil liberty toimprove(65)________.Part Five: Proof reading 10Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash(/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash(/). Put your answer on ANSWERSHEET(2).Examples:eg.1(66)The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(66)begun beganeg.2(67) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(67)(Scarcely) had (they)eg.3(68)Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(68)not(66)Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the country.(67) Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters, scouring transcripts and standardized test scores.(68)But anything is missing from many applications: a class ranking, once amajor component in admissions decisions.In the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges and universities, (69) thousands of high schools have simply stopped providing that information, concluding it could harm the chances of their very better, but not best, students.(70)Canny college officials,in turn, have found a tactical way to response.(71) Using broad data that high schools often provide, like a distribution of grade averages forentire senior class, they essentially recreate anapplicant class’s rank.(72)The process has left them exasperating.(73)“weIf’ relooking at your son or daughter and you want us to know that theyare among the best in their school, with a rank wedon’t necessarily know that, said” Jim Bock, dean of admissions and financial aid at Swarthmore College.(74)Admissions directors say strategy can backfire.When high schools do not provide enough general information to recreate the class rank calculation, (75) many admissions directors say they have little choice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do: give more weight to scores on the SAT and other standardized exams.Part Six: Writing15Directions: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topicgiven below. Write it neatly on ANSWERSHEET(2).Recently, a newspaper carried an article entitled:“ WeShould No Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Politics The”.article argued that some artists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified to represent the people inthePeople ’s Congress or thePeople ’s Political Consultative Conference, and they should not be forced to do so. What do you think?56. fewer 57. to 58. saved 59. more 60. as 61. played 62. after 63. purposes 64.ready/ willing 65. security北京大学 2006 年博士入学考试试题答案Listening0.5each)1-5BCAAD6-10BADCA11-15CBADA16-20BDCB ＣC1:immune C11:insufficientC2:range C12:accidentsC3:quarter C13:wheelC4:uninterrupted C14:shiftC5:tossing C15:riskC6:destined C16:deterioratesC7:claim C17:snatchC8:fooling C18:skepticalC9:deprivation C19:substituteC10:correlation C20:insomniaStructureandwrittenexpression1pointeach)21-25accdd26-30adaab 31-35cdbab 36-40abcbcReading1pointeach)41-45ccbda 46-50cbdbaParaphrasing:(3pointseach)51.According to new research, getting angry adds to the chances of gettingphysically hurt, particularly for male.52.even people generally believe that people easily get angry when driving on the road, but anger didn ’t have much/anything to do with injuries from traffic accidents,/ but not many injuries from traffic accidents are the results of anger on the road.53.It is not at all surprising that anger is a very important reason for peoplewho intentionally hurt themselves.54.We see this strong link between anger and injury more in men than in women, but different races of people did not show much variation.55.People do not know yet why anger is associated with injury.Cloze:(1pointeach)56.Fewer57.To 58.Saved 59.More 60.As 61.Played 62.After63.Purposes 64.Ready 65.SecurityProofreading:(1pointeach)66.Highly-high 67.Pore-poreover 68.Anything-something 69.Better-good70.Response-respond 71.Forentire-foranentire 72.Exasperating-exasperatedbS73.With-without 74.Strategy-thestrategy 75.And-butWriting:(15points)。
北京大学社会学系人类学专业考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题
北京大学社会学系人类学专业考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置北京大学社会学系共招生18人，其中拟招收本校硕博连读生8人。
应试生复试权重为50%。
分为3个专业，分别是社会学、人口学、人类学。
二、招生专业及人数系所名称社会学系招生总数18系所说明拟招收本校硕博连读生8人。
应试生复试权重为50%。
招生专业：人类学（030303）研究方向指导教师考试科目备注01．社会人类学①英语②社会文化人类学理论③社会文化人类学方法①英语、法语任选一门②社会文化人类学理论③社会文02．文化研究化人类学方法①英语、日语任选一门②社会文化人类学理论③社会文03．民俗研究化人类学方法04．政治人类学①英语②社会文化人类学理论③社会文化人类学方法05．法律人类学同上三、导师介绍北京大学在招生目录中并没有提供导师名单。
育明教育考博分校解析：考博如果能够提前联系导师的话，不论是在备考信息的获取，还是在复试的过程中，都会有极大的帮助，甚至是决定性的帮助。
育明教育考博分校经过这些年的积淀可以协助学员考生联系以上导师。
四、参考书目（推荐）专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。
这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。
参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：捌九叁，二肆壹，二二六，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。
第二，专题信息汇总整理。
每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。
北京大学考博英语真题2000-2004年答案
北京大学考博英语真题2000-2004年答案北大考博英语2000-2004真题答案2000年试题答案Part I structure and written expression1.C2.D3.B4.A5.D6.D7.C8.C9.C 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.A 21.D 22.A 23.C24.A 25.CPart II reading comprehension26.B 27.C 28.D 29.C 30.A 31.B 32.A 33.B 34.C 35.D 36.A 37.C 38.B 39.D 40.A41. Charm is a gift born with people. People who have charm used to make others happy. Charm grows with use and creates a pleasant, summer-like atmosphere for others. Charm is also decided by the taste and tact of the person who has it.42. When you are with charming people, you can feel it. But it is not something that everyone can have. To be charming, one needs a born quickness of sense and mind, and charming people have a way with people that are uniquely their own and cannot be taught or trained.43. Tricks like wrinkling nose or tossing hair are not charming. On the contrary, they can frighten nervous people away (make them uncomfortable) and want to run away and hide from such unnatural ap proach. But, on the other hand, charm has something to do with one’s ability to feel for others. This is an instinct most people have, and if one cares for others, such awareness will grow.44. The generosity of charming people does not demand a return of generosity from others; it is an offer of pleasant company without asking for repay; and it is given free without waiting after testing whether the recipient is worth the kindness.45. Charm shows itself in the form of casual, yet graceful, easy manners. Such ease and grace do not come because one happens to be young, but are the result of a mature, confident and peaceful personality.Part III Cloze46. them 47. observations 48. not 49. mind 50.another 51.as 52. than 53. forces 54. only 55.how Part IV Proofreading56. (has) been (used) 57. lack----absence 58. explain-----stand59. of-----for 60. rests-------rest 61. (from) being (a)62. unmeasured-----unmeasurable 63. (in) the (human) 64. those----are65. thought-----made 66.(that) which (I) 67.its------their 68.wishful----wishfully69.outgrow----outgrown 70.as 去掉71. (extent) does (it) 72. the----in 73. (unthinking) like 74.giving----gives75. imaginative (persons)------imaginary (persons)2001年答案Part I Structure and Written Expression1.A2.C3.D4.B5.C6.D7.A8.D9.C 10.A11.B 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A21.D 22.A 23.B 24.B 25.BPart II Reading Comprehension26.C 27.A 28.B 29.C 30.C 31.C 32.B 33.B 34.D35.A 36.D 37.C 38.D 39.C 40.B41. The most common work in life provides a person with a great deal of opportunities to make effort and improve himself.42. One’s happiness and success depend on one’s doing his duties well and faithfully.43.Those who think carefully about reality will find that fortune or success belongs to those who work hard.44. Few of the greatest men believe in genius. They have achieved their success also through common sense and perseverance as other successful men have.45. Some even believe that a genius is only a person with concentrated common sense.Part III Cloze46.between 47.for 48.another 49.as 50.how 51.there52.parents 53.importance 54.likely 55.thanPart IV Proofreading56.become------becoming 57.thousand-----thousands 58.(that) of (all)59.(have) the (fossils) 60.into-----through 61.though去掉62.(exposed) to (the) 63.(disintegrate) in (the)64.(chemicals) that (change) 65.when----as 66.in-----on67.(if) a (huge) 68.towered-----towering 69.where-----that70.(out) to (sea) 71.(bodies) into (the) 72.(the) cities (of)73.remarkably------remarkable 74.for 去掉74.leave-----leaving2002年答案Part II Structure and Written Expression41.D 42.C 43.C 44.B 45.C 46.B 47.C 48.A49.A 50.B 51.D 52.A 53.B 54.B 55.C 56.C57.A 58.A 59.B 60.CPart III Reading Comprehension61.D 62.B 63.D 64.D 65.C 66.A 67.B 68.C 69.D70.A71. People trying to prolong their lives and seek for perfect health (beauty, youth, happiness) are actually defeating themselves inwardly.72. It becomes possible for one to extend one’s life by medical means. But such life has lost its dignity and value, just like over-used resources or powerless politics.73. These views are not to show anger towards medicine, nor do they mean any rude fighting against the victory of medicine.74.Therefore, the most successful time of medicine becomes the beginning of a hard situation.75. Medicine has made people’s expectations to it too high, and people let their expectations grow unlimitedly without realizing it.Part IV Cloze76.all 77.feeling/emotion 78.telling 79.impossible 80.another81.imagined 82.out 83.risk 84.for 85.reducedPart V Proofreading86.impersonate----impersonating 87.flashing----flash 88.speed----speeding89.is-----was 90.as-----than 91.mere-----merely 92.apologizing---apology93.whom----which 94.with----in 95.(was) not (mine)2003年答案Part II Structure and Written Expression41.A 42.D 43.B 44.A 45.A 46.C 47.C 48.D 49.D50.B 51.A 52.C 53.A 54.D 55.A 56.A 57.C 58.C59.A 60.BPart III Reading Comprehension61.B 62.A 63.C 64.C 65.D 66.A 67.A 68.D69.A 70.B71. A few months ago, government officials of Singapore did something that was quite historic in the movie industry, but they did not do it on purpose.72. The reason why the Singaporean government didn’t allow children under 17 to watch the movie and banned the 15-second advertisement was that the government officials thought that the movie used too much Singaporean English.73. If you take the strict action against the movie into account, you would think that Singlish was something harmful like drugs or obscene materials that might lead young people astray.74.Singlish is just slang English spoken in Singapore, in which Chinese grammar is applied and it is freely mixed here and there with words from local Chinese, Malay and Indian dialects.75.Singaporean English is especially popular nowadays among young people, partly because the language gives worried, nervous and anxious Singaporeans a chance to make fun of themselves. Part IV Cloze76.to 77.young 78.eating 79.with e 81.access82.intact nd 84.wiped 85.beingPart V Proofreading86. by----with 87.mixing----mixed 88.all-----some 89.(fear) the (same)90.skeptical----skeptically 91. dependent----independent92.lead----led 93.for----as 94.hundred----hundreds 95.in去掉2004年答案Part II Structure and Written Expression41.B 42.C 43.B 44.A 45.D 46.C 47.C 48.C 49.B50.D 51.B 52.A 53.A 54.D 55.B 56.B 57.A 58.A59.C 60.APart III Reading Comprehension61.C 62.D 63.A 64.C 65.D 66.B 67.A 68.B69.D 70.B71. It is useful for people not be so frightened and sad when they get to know that they are caught up with a serious illness.72. Medical researchers, who believe in Calen, an ancient Greek doctor, have discovered that depression can cause other illnesses or exacerbate the illnesses that have already existed.73. Once people have recognized what illness they get, it will deteriorate.74. It is natural for one to be greatly concerned about his illness; however, it will be reasonable for one to have good confidence that he can overcome it.75.Even if one is caught up with the most serious illness, such as AIDS, it does not necessarily follow that one will die of it soon.Part IV Cloze76. dead 77. funeral 78. afterlife 79. when 80. with 81.and 82.grave 83.by 84. for 85. secondPart V Proofreading86.could----can 87.( find) it (easier) 88.taking-----taken89.implications----implication 90.transform------change 91.reflecting---reflection92.wide----widely 93.and去掉94.while去掉95.like-----as考博英语怎么复习？/yingyu_fuxi.html考博英语真题汇总专题/kaobo_zhenti.html 2012考博英语词汇/kaobo_yingyu_cihui.html2012考博英语作文模板/kaobo_yingyu_zuowen.html2012医学考博专题/yixue_kaobo.html 2012医学考博英语/yixue_kaobo_yingyu.html2012医学考博英语听力/yixue_yingyutingli.html。
2014—2016年北京大学博士研究生入学考试考博英语试题及参考答案
2014—2016年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题及参考答案高清版2014真题02年部分II. Reading Comprehension (25 points)Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job; and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job. “Contact us before writing application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae, or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is , of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also, an indication of growing importance of the curriculum vitae.(or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “JustA. there is lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB. there are so many top-level jobs availableC. there are so many people out of workD. the job history is considered to be a work of art .18. In the past it was expected that first-job hunters would .A. write an initial letter giving their life historyB. pass some exams before applying for a jobC. have no qualifications other than being able to read and writeD. keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview19. Later, as one went on to apply more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter.something that would attract attention to one’s applicationa personal opinion about the organization one was trying to join something that would offered that person reading ita lie that one could easily get with telling20. The job history has become such an important document because .A. there has been a decrease in the number of jobs advertisedB. there has been an increase in the number of “qualified” job huntersC. jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadaysD. the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated2Pity those who aspire to put the initials PhD after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective doctors of philosophyare left more or less alone to write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can often take a further three years. By then , most new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject which has blighted their holidays and ruined their evenings.The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutting short this agony. It would like to see faster completion rates: until recently, only about 25% of PhD candidates were finishing within four years. The ESRC’s response has been to stop PhD grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10%; in the first year of this policy the national average shot up to 39%. The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40% in two years. Unless completion rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics-including Oxford University, the London School of Economics and the London Business School.Predictably, howls of protest have come from the universities, who view the blacklisting of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finis their theses. Polytechnics with as few as two PhD candidates complain that they are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result fromgreater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics.The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if PhD students were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serious research. So in future its grants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as researchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies.The ESRC can not dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners, or force departments to give graduates more teaching time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis, too.21. By time new doctors get a job and try to finish their theses in spare time, .A. most of them died of some sicknessB. their holidays and evenings have been ruined by their jobsC. most of them are completely tired of the narrowly defined subjectD. most of their grants run out22. Oxford University would be excluded out of those universities that receive PhD grants from ESRC, because the completion rate of its PhD students’ theses within four years is lower than.A. 25%B. 40%C. 39%D. 10%23. All the following statements are the arguments against ESRC’s policy except .A. all the institutions on the blacklist are arbitrary and negativeB. there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics.C. many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finish their theses.D. some polytechnics are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance24. The ESRC would prefer .A. that the students were carrying out purely knowledge-based studies rather than being trained as researchers.B. to see higher standards of PhD students’ theses and more ambitious doctoral topicsC. more systematic teaching of research skills to fewer unrealistic expectations placed on inexperienced young PhD students.D. that PhD students were less modest in their aims25. what the ESRC can do is to .A. force departments to give graduates more teaching timeB. try to persuade universities to change their waysC. dictate the standard of thesis required by external examinersD. note that students want more research training and less elaborate styleof thesis3Influenza should not be dismissed as a trivial disease. It kills thousands of people every year at a very high cost to the economy, hits hardest the young and the elderly, and is most dangerous for people over the age of 65. influenza is mainly a seasonal illness of the winter months, though in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia and the Pacific it can occur all the year round.The damaging effects of influenza can be prevented by immunization, but constant changes of antigenic specificity of the virus necessitate a different composition of the vaccine from one year to another. The network of WHO Collaborating Centers for Influenza and national institutes carries out influenza surveillance activities to monitor the evaluation of influenza virus strains, and WHO hold an annual consultation at the end of February to recommend the composition of the vaccine for the forthcoming epidemiological season. These recommendations are published immediately in the Weekly epidemiological record.Vaccination each year against influenza is recommended for certain high-risk populations. In closed or semi-closed settings, maximum benefit from immunization is likely to be achieved when more than three-quarters of the population are vaccinated so that the benefit of “herd immunity” can be exploited. Special care should be taken of the following groups:--adults and children with chronic disorders of the pulmonary or cardiovascular systems requiring regular medical follow-up or who had beenhospitalized during the previous year, including children with asthma; --residents of nursing homes and other establishments for patients of any age with chronic medical conditions;--all people over the age of 65.Physicians, nurses, and other personal in primary and intensive care units, who are potentially capable of transmitting influenza to high risk persons, should be immunized; visiting nurses and volunteer workers providing home care to high-risk persons should also be included.26. This passage .A. concerns the damaging effects of influenzaB. mentions the steps of fighting against the harmful effects of influenzaC. emphasizes the worry expressed by all age groupsD. both A and B27. That a different component part of the vaccine is necessary is principally due to the variable change of .A. virusB. strainC. antigenD. immunization28. Which has been done by World Health Organization in combating the bad effects of influenza?A. supervising the assessment of influenza virus strains.B. Holding meetings twice a year to provide the latest data concerning the composition of the vaccines.C. Publishing the related information in a WHO almanac.D. Stressing the importance of preventing influenza for people living in tropical areas of Asia.29. According to the passage, high-risk persons exclude which of thefollowing kinds of people ?A. Children suffering from asthma.B. The elderly with chronic pulmonary diseases.C. Middle aged people with chronic heart diseases.D. Nurses taking special care of the sick.30. In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed?A. A surgery book.B. A psychology bookC. An epidemiology book.D. An obstetrics book4In science the meaning of the word “explain”suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality. Science can not really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really”are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing, like St. Paul’s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, we have told all thee is to tell.”Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has itsproper place, hence one can conclude that objects fall to the ground because that is where they belong, and smoking goes up because that is where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.31. The aim of controlled scientific experiments is .A. to explain why things happenB. to explain how things happenC. to describe self-evident principlesD. to support Aristotelian science32. what principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years?A. The speculations of ThalesB. The forces of electricity, magnetism, and gravityC. Aristotle’s natural scienceD. Galileo’s discoveries33. Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is .A. disapproved of by most modern scientistsB. in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of self-evident principlesC. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “how”things happenD. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “why ”things happen34. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea .A. that there are mysterious forces in the universeB. that man can not discover what forces “really” areC. that there are self-evident principlesD. that we can discover why things behave as they do35. Which of the following is the topic most likely to be discussed right after the passage?A. The most recent definition of “explain”B. The relationship between science and religionC. The limitations of scienceD. Galileo and the birth of modern science. 5Some weeks ago, riding in a cab from Boston to Cambridge, my driver turned and asked me what I did for a living . “Teach English”, I said. “Is that so? ”The young man continued. “I was an English major”But then, instead of chatting idly about Joyce or dropping the subject altogether, this driver caught me short. “You guys,”he said, turning back so that his furry face pressed into the glass partition, “ought to be shot”I think he meant it . The guilty party in this present state of affairs is not really the academic discipline. It is not the fault of English and philosophy and biology that engineering and accounting and computer science afford students better job opportunities and increased flexibility in career choice. Literature and an understanding of, say, man’s evolutionary past are as important as ever. They simply are no longer perceived in today’s market as salable. That is a harsh economic fact. And it is not only true in the United States. Employment prospects for liberal arts graduates in Canada, for example, aresaid to be the worst since the 1930s.What to do? I think it would be shortsighted for colleges and universities to advise students against majoring in certain subjects that do not appear linked (at least directly) to careers. Where our energies should be directed instead is toward the development of educational programs that combine course sequences in the liberal arts with course in the viable professions. Double majors---one for enrichment, one for earning one’s bread---have never been promoted very seriously in our institutions of higher learning, mainly because liberal arts and professional-vocational faculties have long been suspicious or contemptuous of one another. Thus students have been directed to one path or the other, to the disadvantage of both students and faculty.A hopeful cue could be taken, it seems to me, from new attempts in the health profession(nursing and pharmacy, for example), where jobs are still plentiful, to give the humanities and social sciences a greater share of the curriculum. Why could not the traditional history major in the college of arts and sciences be pointed toward additional courses in the business school, or to engineering, or to physical therapy? This strategy requires a new commitment from both the institution and the student and demands a much harder look at the allocation of time and resources. But in an age of adversity, double majors are one way liberal arts students can more effectively prepare for the world outside.36. What is the chief purpose of double majors?A. To help graduates of history major become successful businessmen.B. To provide liberal arts graduates with a method of meeting effectively the challenge in employment.C. To extend their knowledge learnt in the college.D. To moderate the tension between liberal arts and vocational faculties.37. In paragraph 1, the sentence “You guys ought to be shot” shows that at heart the driver .A. felt greatly regretted about the major he had chosenB. felt a deep hatred for all the English teachers in his former collegeC. complained that his teachers hadn’t taught him how to survive in this competitive society.D. held a deep contempt in the author because of his scholastic manner38. It can be inferred from the passage that the blame for the present state of affairs lies in the fact that .A. the course sequences themselves are unreliable.B. more and more students start to select science majorsC. almost none of the specialties the students major in might be salable in today’s marketD. the opportunities of employment are scarce for graduates of non-science majors39. The obstacles in course sequences in academic schooling are indicated in all of the following EXCEPT .A. the misguidance of major-selection in some of the institutions of higher learningB. the current curriculum couldn’t keep up with the development of thesocietyC. the inharmonious relation among the teaching facultiesD. the authorities of higher learning attach only little importance to course sequences40. This passage can best be titled as .A. Harsh Economic FactB. Double Majors, a Way OutC. Careers, Schooling fro BetterD. Market for Graduates6Does an unborn baby know his mother’s voice? psychology professor Anthony DeCasper advised an ingenious experiment to find out. He placed padded earphones over a newborn’s ears and gave him a bottle nipple attached to a closed rubber tube. Changes in pressure in the tube switched channels on a tape recorder. If the baby paused extra long between bursts of sucking, he heard on channel; if he paused shorter than average, he heard the other. The baby now had the ability, in effect to change channels.DeCasper found that newborns choose the recording of their mother’s voice over that of another woman’s. The baby, however, has no innate interest in his father’s voice, which is heard in the womb only from time to time, while the mother’s voice is ever present. Within two weeks after birth, however, the baby can recognize Dad’s voice too.A newborn is even attuned to the cadence and rhythm of his native language. In a French study using a setup similar to DeCasper’s, French babies given the choice between French and Russian words responded more to the sound of French.Brian Satt, a research specialist in clinical psychology, has parents sing a lullaby-like “womb song”to their babies. The unborn baby often develops a specific, consistent movement pattern when its song is sung. According to Satt, most parents can calm a fussy newborn with the song most of the time, which is a prize worth more than rubies to a new parent.He is roused by a heavy jolt. His mother has tripped and fallen heavily on one hip. He is much too well cushioned to experience any injury, but her pain and the fear that she may have hurt him floods both their bodies with adrenaline and other stress-related hormones. He cries and kicks vigorously, a cry never heard because there is no air to make sound. As she recovers the stress hormones ebb away, and he calms down too.41. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the unborn baby in the passage?A. An unborn baby can occasionally hear his father’s voice.B. Dc. Casper’s approach proved absolutely effective in a French experiment.C. An unborn baby is able to identify the tone and rhythm of his native language.D. Parents are able to soothe a fussy newly-born baby.42. According to the author, an unborn baby .A. is unable to identify his mother’s lullaby after birthB. is able to identify his mother’s voice rather than that of others’C. is able to help release adrenaline and other stress-related hormonesD. is able to distinguish French accent from Russian accent43. It is known from the passage that .A. mother’s stress, anger, shock or grief might not hurt the unborn baby in the wombB. an unborn baby’s cry might never be heard because of the particular condition of the womb.C. lullabies are the most precious means to young parentsD. an unborn baby has to move at intervals in the womb44. The author believes that the reaction of an unborn baby to his mother’s voice .A. belongs to one of the natural tendenciesB. is an indication which shows an unborn baby can use all his senses after birthC. is but a physiological circulation of any human beingD. is the most important factor which leads an unborn baby to the survival in the womb45. It can be assumed that the paragraph preceding the passage most probably discussed .A. the development of the baby in his mother’ s wombB. the well-developed taste buds of the babyC. the fact that the baby remains motionless just as what he performs in the first month of his mother’s pregnancyD. the fact that the baby can start to use some of his senses by the last few weeks of pregnancyⅢ. Translation and Writing (55 points)Part A TranslationTranslate the following into Chinese (30 points):Engineering is the professional art of applying science to the optimum conversion of the resources of nature to the uses of humankind. Engineering has been defined as the creative application of “scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination.” The term engineering is sometimes more loosely defined, especially in Great Britain, as the manufacture or assembly of engines, machine tools, and machine parts. Associated with engineering is a great body of special knowledge; preparation for professional practice involves extensive training in the application of that knowledge. The function of the scientist is to know, while that of the engineer is to do. The scientist adds to the store of verified, systematized knowledge of the physical world; the engineer brings this knowledge to bear on practical problems. Engineering is based principally on physics, chemistry, and mathematics and their extensions into materials science, solid and fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and systems analysis.2Although for the purpose of this article English literature is treated as being confined to writings in English by natives or inhabitants of the British Isles, it is to a certain extent the case that literature---and this is particularly true of the literature written in English---knows nofrontiers. Thus, English literature can be regarded as a cultural whole of which the mainstream literatures of the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada and important elements in the literatures of other commonwealth countries are parts. It can be argued that no single English novel attains the universality of the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace. Yet in the Middle ages the Old English literature was influenced and gradually changed by the Latin and French writings, eminently foreign in origin in which the churchmen and the Norman conquerors expressed themselves. From this combination emerged a flexible and subtle linguistic instrument exploited by Geoffrey Chaucer and brought to supreme application by William Shakespeare.Translate the following into English (10 points):从二十世纪中叶起，名国政府对科学技术的重视引起了各级教育机构的响应，理论科学和应用科学的巨大进步也激起了人们学习自然科学的兴趣，科学技术因此有了飞速的发展。
2023北京大学考博英语模拟题2(考卷附答案)
2012北京大学考博英语模拟题2（考卷）一、阅读理解（每题2分，共40分）Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed ten questions or unfinished statements. For each question or statement, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:To protect online privacy, individuals should takecertain measures. Firstly, they should use strong passwords and change them regularly. Secondly, they should be cautious about sharing personal information on social media. Thirdly, it is important to keep software and antivirus programs updated to prevent hacking.1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A) The Internet is a powerful tool.B) The Internet has negative effects.C) The Internet connects people.2. Which of the following is NOT a negative effect of the Internet?A) Invasion of privacyB) Financial lossesC) StalkingD) Sharing information3. What is the consequence of identity theft?A) Financial lossesB) Damage to reputationC) StalkingD) All of the above4. Which of the following measures can protect online privacy?A) Using weak passwordsB) Sharing personal information on social mediaC) Keeping software updated5. Who should be responsible for protecting users' privacy?A) IndividualsC) HackersD) Social media platformsPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing the world today. It refers to significant changes in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other measuresof climate that occur over several decades or longer. Human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, have contributed to the acceleration of climate change.To mitigate the effects of climate change, it is crucial to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One effective way is to transition to renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. Governments should also implement policies to promote energy conservation and sustainable transportation.6. What is the main cause of climate change?A) Natural disastersB) Human activitiesC) Solar radiationD) Wind patterns7. Which of the following is a consequence of climate change?A) HeatwavesB) HurricanesC) DroughtsD) All of the above8. What is the solution to mitigate climate change?A) Burning more fossil fuelsB) Transitioning to renewable energyC) Promoting deforestationD) Using more plastic9. Why is international cooperation important in addressing climate change?A) To share technology and resourcesB) To promote economic growthC) To increase greenhouse gas emissionsD) To ignore the issueA) Energy conservationB) Sustainable transportationC) DeforestationD) Transitioning to renewable energySection BDirections: In this section, there is one passage followed five questions or unfinished statements. For each question or statement, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a一、阅读理解答案Section A1. B2. D3. D4. C5. B6. B7. D8. B9. A10. CSection B（因题目未给出，故无法提供答案）1. 理论基础部分知识点分类（1）互联网隐私权（2）气候变化及其影响（3）可再生能源与可持续发展2. 各题型所考察学生的知识点详解及示例（1）细节理解题（如第1、3、4题）考察学生对文章细节信息的捕捉能力。
北京大学人口学专业考博英语真题-育明考博
北京大学人口研究所人口学专业考博英语真题解析一、北京大学人口研究所历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、外语水平证明：●北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试成绩（合格标准另定）；？●北京大学博士研究生小语种考试成绩（合格标准另定）。
2、2016年北大人口研究所，申请人提交申请材料后，领导小组决定进入复试考生人数与当年计划招生人数的比例不得超过4:1。
3、笔试成绩占60%（人口学理论与方法），面试成绩占40%。
研究方向科目合格（60分以上，不计入总成绩）。
按照成绩排名统一录取，成绩优异者方可最终录取。
（北京大学人口研究所考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：柒柒贰陆，柒捌，伍叁柒）二、北京大学人口研究所博士招生人数及报考统计年份招生方式及人数公开招考报名人数报录比复试分数线2014年公开招考（4人）硕博连读（0人）校内事业编（1人）50人9:1外语成绩≥45分专业课成绩≥60分2015年公开招考（4人）硕博连读（1人）校内事业编（1人）48人8:1育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、北大人口研所只有1个博士招生专业：人口学专业，竞争还是比较激烈的。
2、2016年北京大学人口研究所内地计划招生人数为5人。
3、北大人口研究所考博历年缺考率平均在30%左右。
4、领导小组决定进入复试考生人数与当年计划招生人数的比例不得超过4:1（北京大学人口研究所考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：柒柒贰陆，柒捌，伍叁柒）三、北京大学考博课程分阶段授课内容（育明课程规划）年份复试分数线进入复试人数/录取人数（不含硕博连读）2014年外语45分专业一60分专业二60分9人/4人2015年外语45分专业一60分专业二60分7人/4人第一阶段：申请材料及英语考试指导讲授报名的方法和注意事项，专家推荐书的注意事项，如何联系导师，如何写作博士期间的攻读计划，考博英语考试的技巧和准备方法，研究成果和个人陈述的技术性处理等，本部分不算课时。
北京大学考博英语模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
北京大学考博英语模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Cloze 5. Proofreading 6. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．on the first day when a pupil enters school, he is asked to ______ to the school rules.A．concedeB．conformC．complyD．confront正确答案：B2．once the ______ contradiction is grasped, all problems will be readily solved.A．principleB．principalC．potentialD．primitive正确答案：B解析：principle意为“原则”；principal意为“主要的，首要的”；potential 意为“潜在的”；primitive意为“原始的”。
本句话意思是：一旦主要的矛盾被抓住了，所有问题都将迎刃而解。
B项符合题意，如：the principal rivers of a country(一个国家的主要河流)。
3．If you want to go to the concert, you’ll have to make a ______ ,or there will be no tickets.A．reservationB．punctualityC．complimentD．clarity正确答案：A解析：reservation意为“预约，预定”；punctuality意为“准时”；compliment 意为“恭维”；clarity意为“清楚”。
北京大学博士英语试题及答案
北京大学博士英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下列短文，然后回答1-5题。
The rise of digital technology has transformed the way welive and work. It has also changed the way we communicate. In the past, people mainly relied on face-to-face communicationor letters to convey messages. However, with the advent ofthe internet and smartphones, instant messaging and social media have become the primary means of communication for many.1. What is the main topic of the passage? (4分)A. The impact of digital technology on communication.B. The history of communication methods.C. The importance of face-to-face communication.D. The disadvantages of social media.2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a communication method mentioned? (4分)A. Face-to-face communication.B. Letters.C. Instant messaging.D. Radio broadcasts.3. What does the passage imply about the future of communication? (4分)A. It will become more personal.B. It will rely more on digital technology.C. It will return to traditional methods.D. It will become less frequent.4. What is the purpose of the passage? (4分)A. To inform readers about new communication technologies.B. To persuade readers to use traditional communication methods.C. To describe the history of communication methods.D. To analyze the effects of digital technology on communication.5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? (4分)A. The passage argues that digital technology has had a negative impact on communication.B. The passage suggests that digital technology has made communication more efficient.C. The passage states that people no longer use face-to-face communication.D. The passage claims that the internet and smartphones have replaced all other communication methods.二、词汇与语法（共30分）Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence. Write the letter of the correct answer in the blank.6. The company has decided to ________ its employees with the latest technology.A. equipB. qualifyC. supplyD. provide7. Despite the heavy rain, they ________ the mountain successfully.A. climbedB. ascendedC. roseD. lifted8. The new policy will ________ a significant impact on the economy.A. haveB. takeC. makeD. get9. She is ________ to be the best candidate for the job.A. likelyB. probableC. possibleD. potential10. The book is ________ interesting that I can hardly put it down.A. soB. veryC. tooD. quite三、翻译（共20分）Translate the following sentence into English.11. 随着人工智能的发展，许多传统行业正在经历转型。
北京大学考博英语阅读理解习题24
北京大学考博英语阅读理解习题（24）Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired；without others we would soon die.Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify moods and actions，our inclination to eat or drink，our aggressiveness or submissiveness，and our reproductive and parental behavior.And hormones do more than influence adult behavior；early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and may even determine an individual's behavioral ter in life the changing outputs of some endocrine glands and the body's changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology as a separate discipline can probably be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormone secretion.This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal walls when food enters the stomach；it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the pancreas to liberate pancreatic juice，which aids in digestion.By showing that special cells secret chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues.Bayliss and starling demonstrated that chemical integration could occur without participation of the nervous system.examda The term“hormone”was first used with reference to secretion.Starling derived the term from the Greek hormone，meaning“to excite or set in motion.The term”endocrine “was introduced shortly thereafter”Endocrine“is used to refer to glands that secret products into the bloodstream.The term”endocrine“contrasts with”exocrine“，which is applied to glands that secret their products though ducts to the site of action.Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands，the sweat glands，and the pancreas，which secrets pancreatic juice through a duct into the intestine.Exocrine glands are also called duct glands，while endocrine glands are called ductless.1.What is the author's main purpose in the passage？A.To explain the specific functions of various hormones.B.To provide general information about hormones.C.To explain how the term“hormone”evolved.D.To report on experiments in endocrinology.examda2.The passage supports which of the following conclusions？A.The human body requires large amounts of most hormones.B.Synthetic hormones can replace a person's natural supply of hormones if necessary.C.The quantity of hormones produced and their effects on the body are related to a person's age.D.The short child of tall parents very likely had a hormone deficiency early in life.3.It can be inferred from the passage that before the Bayliss and Starling experiments，most people believed that chemical integration occurred only___.A.during sleep.B.in the endocrine glands.C.under control of the nervous system.D.during strenuous exercise.4.The word“liberate”could best be replaced by which of the following？A.EmancipateB.DischargeC.SurrenderD.Save5.According to the passage another term for exocrine glands is___.A.duct glandsB.endocrine glandsC.ductless glandsD.intestinal glands.答案：ＢＤＣＢＡ本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
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北京大学人口研究所人口学专业考博考试老师笔记整理一、北京大学人口研究所人口学专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初审复审030302人口学年份公开招考硕博连读校内事业编申请—考核制（一）人口学专业知识综合测试（笔试），人口学理论与方法100分（人口学理论部分75分，人口学方法部分25分）；研究方向100分（按选择的研究方向科目）；（二）专业综合能力面试,重点考察学生的科研素养、专业基础、创新能力、发展潜力及协作精神等2014年4人1人0人2015年4人1人1人2016年5人育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、北京大学人口研究所人口学专业考博的报录比平均在8:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业12个研究方向：01.人口、环境与健康02.健康经济与科技政策评估03.残疾人口学04.社会老年学05.人口与发展06.人口分析技术07.社会科学定量分析方法08.人口健康流行病学09.出生缺陷与残疾预防10.社会性别与发展11.社会项目评估12.生命历程3、同等学力申请者加试政治课（哲学），2门硕士主干课程，考试时间2小时，满分100分。
加试成绩不计入总分，三门成绩均合格者为加试通过，未加试、加试未通过者不予录取。
4、外语水平证明：北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试成绩（合格标准另定）；北京大学博士研究生小语种考试成绩（合格标准另定）。
5、笔试成绩占60%（人口学理论与方法），面试成绩占40%。
研究方向科目合格（60分以上，不计入总成绩）。
按照成绩排名统一录取，成绩优异者方可最终录取。
6、领导小组决定进入复试考生人数与当年计划招生人数的比例不得超过4:1育明教育考博分校针对北京大学人口学专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。
根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。
（北京大学人口研究所考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：柒柒贰陆，柒捌，伍叁柒）二、附：研究方向和考核科目情况说明招生总数：5人，其中本校硕博连读生1人。
序号研究方向指导教师考核科目备注1人口、环境与健康郑晓瑛宋新明陈功裴丽君①英语、日语、俄语、德语、法语任选一门②人口学理论与方法③健康人口学④流行病学报郑晓瑛，陈功，外语可选英、日、俄、德、法语。
报宋新明外语为英语。
报裴丽君，外语为英语。
健康人口学或流行病学三、2016年考博英语复习资料推荐（育明教育考博分校课程辅导中心）2.1关于考博英语资料虽然说北京大学自己命题，但是考试的难度和题型是非常中规中矩的，和其他学校没有什么大的区别，其实各个学校的考博英语都没有多大的区别。
为什么每一个学校都不公布考博英语的真题呢？很大一个原因就是存在互相抄袭的情况，有的都到了让人叹为观止的地步。
英语这门学科和专业课的准备方法很不相同，英语必须要有实力，我们提倡“高能高分，高分高能”，实力是最重要的。
但是不是让大家漫无目的的学，准备考博英语是有方法的，我们聘请了研究考博英语的专家北外英语系系主2健康经济与科技政策评估郑晓瑛①英语、日语、俄语、德语、法语任选一门②人口学理论与方法③卫生经济与管理3残疾人口学郑晓瑛宋新明陈功裴丽君①英语、日语、俄语、德语、法语任选一门②人口学理论与方法③健康人口学④流行病学报郑晓瑛、陈功，外语可选英、日、俄、德、法语。
报考宋新明，外语为英语。
报裴丽君，外语为英语。
健康人口学或流行病学。
4社会老年学郑晓瑛穆光宗宋新明陈功①英语、日语、俄语、德语、法语任选一门②人口学理论与方法③社会老年学报郑晓瑛、陈功，外语可选英、日、俄、德、法语。
报穆光宗、宋新明，外语为英语。
5人口与发展穆光宗陈功胡玉坤①英语、日语、俄语、德语、法语任选一门②人口学理论与方法③人口与发展报穆光宗、胡玉坤，外语为英语。
报陈功，外语可选英、日、俄、德、法语。
6人口分析技术乔晓春宋新明陈功①英语、日语、俄语、德语、法语任选一门②人口学理论与方法③人口分析技术报乔晓春、宋新明、外语为英语。
报陈功，外语可选英、日、俄、德、法语。
7社会科学定量分析方法乔晓春宋新明陈功裴丽君①英语、日语、俄语、德语、法语任选一门②人口学理论与方法③应用统计学报乔晓春、宋新明、裴丽君，外语为英语。
报陈功，外语可选英、日、俄、德、法语。
8人口健康流行病学裴丽君①英语②人口学理论与方法③健康人口学④流行病学健康人口学或流行病学9出生缺陷与残疾预防郑晓瑛宋新明陈功裴丽君①英语、日语、俄语、①德语、法语任选一门②人口学理论与方法③健康人口学④流行病学报郑晓瑛，陈功，外语可选英、日、俄、德、法语。
报宋新明、外语为英语。
报裴丽君，外语为英语。
健康人口学或流行病学。
10社会性别与发展胡玉坤①英语②人口学理论与方法③社会性别与发展的理论与实践11社会项目评估乔晓春①英语②人口学理论与方法③应用统计学12生命历程乔晓春①英语②人口学理论与方法③应用统计学任夏岩教授作为考博英语课题组长，在研究各个学校的考题的基础上，发现了各个学校出题很有共性，在此基础上夏教授牵头编写了一套资料，包括词汇、完型、翻译、作文、语法等九部分，凡是用过的同学无不受益匪浅。
其中《考博英语真题解析》这本书已经由河北工业大学出版社正式出版了，这本书是夏岩教授精心挑选的引用率最高的学校的试题，大家务必好好做做，考试的时候说不定就有惊喜。
2.2关于考博英语资料《2016年考博英语复习资料》由育明考博的英语辅导专家组共同编写。
该套资料针对考博英语的题型、考察重点、出题形式、出题范围，并结合了具有代表性的各大院校考博英语试题命题组老师的著作、上课课件以及英语等级考试试题，从而可以在短期内有效地提升广大考生的英语应试能力。
（资料可以邮寄）全套资料目录：（一）、2016版《考博英语真题解析》，育明考博编著河北大学出版社出版，北外教授夏岩主编，育明考博资料中心共同编著。
包含全国20多所具有代表性的院校考博英语真题集最为详尽的答案解析、作文模板，是广大考博人必备的考博英语复习资料。
（二）、考博英语各专项复习资料1.词汇备考资料：（1）考博英语词汇讲义及真题举例（2）博士研究生英语考试大纲重点词汇（3）考博英语高频词汇、短语汇总（4）全国重点院校博士英语词汇真题精选（5）英语教授讲座稿件（考博英语词汇）2.完形填空备考资料：（1）考博英语完形填空讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语完形填空基础夯实练习3.阅读理解备考资料：（1）考博英语阅读理解讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（中级）（3）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（高级）4.翻译备考资料：（1）考博英语翻译讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语翻译重要方法分析（3）考博英语翻译常见单词和词组的正确处理方式（4）考博英语翻译精讲与强化（5）考博英语翻译致胜押题20篇5.写作备考资料：（1）考博英语写作讲义及指导练习（2）育明老师考博英语作文评分等级点评参考（3）考博英语写作各部分优秀参考公式（4）考博英语优秀范文精选（5）育明优秀学员作文笔记精选及写作模板（6）2015考博英语作文押题35篇（三）、精选考博英语命题可参照院校的考博真题及解析1.北京大学考博英语真题解析（一套）2.清华大学考博英语真题解析（一套）3.复旦大学考博英语真题解析（一套）4.中科院考博英语真题解析（一套）5.厦门大学考博英语真题解析（一套）6.同济大学考博英语真题解析（一套）7.武汉大学考博英语真题解析（一套）（四）、2016年考博英语名师押题及解析（共3套）四、“北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试”说明I.考试性质根据教育部2013年1号文件《教育部关于2013年深化教育领域综合改革的意见》，为适应博士研究生“申请-考核制”的招生方式，特设立“北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试（Graduate Admission Test of English,PKU，简称PKU-GATE)”。
II.考查目标考生应掌握下列英语语言知识和技能：一、词汇与语法运用考生应能掌握8000-10000左右的词汇。
考生应能掌握基本的英语语法知识并熟练运用，鼓励考生用听、说、读、写、译的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在英语交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
二、听力与阅读理解听力部分测试考生听力理解的技能及对英语口语信息的短期记忆能力。
阅读部分要求考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料，理解主旨要义和文中的相关信息，根据上下文推测生词的词义，领会作者的意图、观点或态度。
三、书面表达能力考生应能使用英语书写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。
Ⅲ.考试形式和考试内容一、考试形式考试形式为闭卷笔试，考试时间为180分钟，满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册、标准化答题卡和主观题答题纸。
考生应将客观题的答案按要求涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，将主观题的答案书写在答题纸指定位置的区域内。
考生应自备2B铅笔和橡皮等文具用于标准答题卡的填涂。
二、考试内容考试分三部分，包括听力、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分听力考查考生英语的听力理解能力。
第二部分阅读理解该部分考查考生阅读并理解书面英语的能力。
第三部分写作该部分由A、B、C三节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。
A节：议论文写作。
考生根据一段阅读材料和一段音视频材料的提示信息，写出一篇250-300词的短文（标点符号不计算在内）。
B节：有两种可能的题型：1）考生根据所给的图表写出150-180词（标点符号不计算在内）的描述性、解释性短文。
2）考生根据所给情境写出150-180词的应用文（如电邮、留言、信函、发言提纲等）。
C节：学术文章概要写作。
考生阅读一篇英文文献，抓取要点，用汉语写出280-300字的概要。