1秘书四级模拟题及答案1
大学英语四级模拟试题一(附含答案解析)
大学英语四级模拟题一Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (10%) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Media Selection for AdvertisementsAfter determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus our attention on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home, Internet, and direct mail.TelevisionTelevision is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? You can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.Television’s influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. The Golf Channel, for instance, is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous（具有共同特点的）than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This has also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.NewspapersAfter television, the medium attracting the next largest annual ad revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually. It has increased its national circulation（发行量）by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium.Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and providea way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through television. Given new production techniques, advertisements can be printed in newspapers in about 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local readers.RadioAdvertising on radio continues to grow. Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor billboards（广告牌）and the Internet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeat their ads often. Internet companies are also turning to radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day. Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in the evening hours.Two major changes---satellite and Internet radio---will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the local stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart.MagazinesNewsweeklies, women’s titles, and business magazines have all seen increases in advertising because they attract the high-end market. Magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcast medium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous. If you read Sports Illustrated, for example, you have much in common with the magazine’s othe r readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members.Advertisers using the print media---magazines and newspapers---will need to adapt to two main changes. First, the Internet will bring larger audiences to local newspapers. These audiences will be more diverse and geographically dispersed（分散）than in the past. Second, advertisers will have to understand how to use an increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences.Out-of-home advertisingOut-of-home advertising, also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective. Technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium than in the past. Using digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety inthe types of messages they create because they can change their messages more quickly.InternetAs consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market. As consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet, the ability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience members remember.Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations’ advertising in the near future. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the online medium as well.Direct mailA final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client’s message. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards and special promotions. Direct mailis an effective way to build relationships with consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective form of advertising.1. Television is attractive advertising medium in that ________.A. it has large audiencesB. it appeals to housewivesC. it helps build up a company’s reputationD. it is affordable to most advertisers2. With the increase in the number of TV channels, ________.A. the cost of TV advertising has decreasedB. the number of TV viewers has increasedC. advertisers’ interest in other media has decreasedD. the number of TV ads people can see has increased3. Compared with television, newspaper as an advertising medium ________.A. earn a larger annual ad revenueB. convey more detailed messagesC. use more production techniquesD. get messages out more effectively4. Advertising on radio continues to grow because ________.A. more local radio stations have been set upB. modern technology makes it more entertainingC. it provides easy access to consumersD. it has been revolutionized by Internet radio5. Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way to ________.A. reach target audiencesB. appeal to educated peopleC. attract diverse audiencesD. convey all kinds of messages6. Out-of-home advertising has become more effective because ________.A. billboards can be replaced within two hoursB. consumers travel more now than ever beforeC. such ads have been made much more attractiveD. the pace of urban life is much faster nowadays7. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that are ________.A. quick to updateB. pleasant to look atC. easy to rememberD. convenient to access8. Internet advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach audiences thattend to be_________________.9. Direct mail is an effective form of advertising for businesses to develop_______________.10. This passage discusses how advertisers select ______ __ for advertisements.（8-10题答案请写在答题纸上）Part II Listening Comprehension (35%) Section A (15%)Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.11. A. To reach US$13 million. B. To reach US$30 million.C. To reach US$300 million.D. To reach US$3 million.12. A. 80%. B. 60%. C. 50%. D. 70%.13. A. 160. B. 60. C. 116. D. 106.14. A. Meet Mr. Wilson. B. Make a cup of tea.C. Give Mr. Milson a call.D. Write down the number.15. A. The man does not need a car to get around.B. The man lives far away from the subway.C. The man is not good at driving.D. The man enjoys driving a car.16. A. It is attractive. B. It is exciting.C. It is boring.D. It is important.17. A. Stay at home and complete the paper on her own.B. Save time by using Mary’s computer.C. Buy a computer herself.D. Borrow Mary’s computer.18. A. Talk to the boss. B. Restart the discussion.C. Have a fresh mind.D. Have a break.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A. Her mother. B. Her friend.C. Her husband.D. Herself.20. A. A 40 percent discount. B. A 10 percent discount.C. A 15 percent discount.D. A 20 percent discount.21. A. 40 dollars. B. 48 dollars.C. 60 dollars.D. 54 dollars.22. A. Because the woman has only 47 dollars.B. Because there’s a button missing on the blouse.C. Because it is the last blouse.D. Because it is the special offer for this week.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A. In the dining hall. B. In the room.C. In the Rainbow Bar.D. Not given.24. A. Room 610. B. Room 061.C. Room 106.D. Room 601.25. A. In a motel. B. In a hotel.C. In a dormitory.D. In a bar.Section B (10%)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A. Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.B. Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C. The United States is a country of immigrants.D. Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.27. A. They can make friends with people from other countries.B. They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C. They can practice speaking foreign languages there.D. They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.28. A. The couple cooks the dishes and the children help them.B. The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress.C. The mother does the cooking while the father and the children wait on the guests.D. A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests. Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A. Their family members. B. Their relatives.C. Their closed friends.D. Strangers.30. A. To get advice. B. To subscribe.C. To place an advertisement.D. To apply for membership.31. A. They are two well-known writers who give advice.B. They are two famous doctors.C. They are two lawyers.D. They are two professors at the New York State University.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A. At 7:00. B. At 7:50.C. On time.D. Behind its time.33. A. To take a taxi to St. Louis.B. To take a bus to St. Louis.C. To carry his bags and hurry to the Union Station.D. To get off before Union Station and take a taxi.34. A. He managed to catch the train he needed.B. He failed to catch the train to St. Louis.C. As soon as he got on the train it began to leave the station.D. Thanks to the porter’s help, he was in time for the train.35. A. Late Again. B. A Helpful Conductor.C. At the Union Station.D. Conductor, Porter and I.Section C (10%)Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. （答案请写在答题纸上）Americans are used to traveling. Some people make long-distance commutes to work (36) __________. Their jobs may even require them to take (37) __________ business trips. Most companies provide an (38) __________ vacation for their employees and people often use that time to travel. Some people just visit friends or relatives in distant states. Others go on low-budget (39) __________ excursions and stay in economy motels. Those with more (40) __________tastes choose luxurious resorts and hotels. Camping out in the great (41) __________appeals to adventurous types.Most Americans prefer to travel within their nation’s borders. Why? For one thing, it’s cheaper than traveling (42) __________ and there’s no language problems. But besides that, the vast American territory offers numerous tourist attractions. Nature lovers can enjoy beaches, mountains, canyons, lakes and a wealth of natural wonders. (43) __________ cities offer visitors a multitude of urbandelights. The convenience of modern freeways, (44) ___________________ makes travel in America as easy as pie.Many American vacations are as unique as unique as the people who take them. Families often plan their trips with (45) _____________________. More and more “family friendly” vacation resorts offer special programs for children. History buffs seek out famous historical sites and museums. Environmentalists prefer “green vacations”. Some people find sea cruises (46) _______________________________. Others hit the water to go fishing, skiing or white-water rafting.Part III Reading Comprehension (20%) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OnePart-time jobs are nothing new to us college students. It is common for students to practice their salesmanship when they have free time. However, I was extremely shocked when I learned one of our teachers had also joined in the profit-making business.She is our physical education teacher. The other day she publicly commented on the pimples (丘疹) on a student’s face and then presented the girl with a sample bottle of nameless face cream.According to the teacher, the face cream was produced in France. Each small bottle costs more than 40 yuan. From my viewpoint, it is a complete waste of money to buy such thing. “Why don’t you decline and refuse to buy it?” I suggested to the girl. She signed, “If I do that, I am afraid that my teacher may give me a lower mark in PE.” In other words, as long as she made a good deal with the teacher, an “excellent” on her PE course would follow.I was depressed. The teacher abused her social role. Her priority should be to give us proper education and training. Instead, she is trying to make a profit from us. She is unfit to be a good “engineer in cultivat ing the spirit of mankind”.47. The idea for students to do part-time jobs is _________.A. unheardB. uncommonC. surprisingD. not fresh48. The teacher made a comment on the pimples on a student’s face in order to _________.A. sell somethingB. show concern for the studentsC. make her lessons more interestingD. help her students learn something49. The writer believes that the cream _________.A. is worthy buyingB. is of high qualityC. is uselessD. can cure the pimples on the student’s face50. We may infer that _________.A. many students bought the creamB. no students bought the creamC. the writer got some free creamD. the cream was made by the teacher herself51. From the passage we can infer that _________.A. some students have failed their PE examsB. the students don’t like the teacherC. the teacher is welcome by her studentsD. the teacher has given her students proper education and trainingPassage TwoShu Pudong has helped at least l, 000 people bitten by snakes. “It was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career,” he said.In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms or legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives.“I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his field when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized that he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time, he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to the heart. Rushing home he shouted ‘Bring me the knife’. Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.”“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes,” Shu said.52. The best title for this article is “_________”.A. Astonishing MedicineB. Farmer Loses ArmC. Dangerous BitesD. Snake Doctor53. The farmer lost his arm because _________.A. the cloth was wrapped too tightlyB. he cut it off to save his lifeC. Shu wasn’t there to help himD. he was alone in the field54. Shu decided to devote himself to snake medicine because _________.A. he wanted to save people’s arms and legsB. he had studied it at a medical schoolC. he had seen snakes biting peopleD. his army service had finished55. Why did Shu go into the mountains？A. He didn’t want to study snake bites.B. He wanted to help the farmers.C. He was being trained to be a doctor.D. He was expected to serve in the army.56. Which of the following words can take the place of the underlined word “career”in the first paragraph？A. conclusionB. storyC. incidentD. jobPart Ⅳ Cloze (10%) Directions: There are20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In __57__a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend __58__can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are__59__readers. Most of us develop poor reading __60__at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency__61__in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have __62__meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. __63__, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to __64__words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over__65__you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which __66__down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as __67__reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an __68__, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate __69__the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch”him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, __70__word-by-word reading, regression and sub-vocalization, practically impossible. At first __71__is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read idea s and concepts, you will not only read faster, __72__your comprehension will improve. Many people have found __73__reading skill drastically improved after some training. __74__Chalice Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute __75__the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can __76__a lot more reading material in a short period of time.57. A. applying B. doing C. offering D. getting58. A. quickly B. easily C. roughly D. decidedly59. A. good B. curious C. poor D. urgent60. A. training B. habits C. situations D. custom61. A. lies B. combines C. touches D. involves62. A. some B. a lot C .little D. dull63. A. Fortunately B. In fact C. Logically D. Unfortunately64. A. reuse B. reread C. rewrite D. recite65. A. what B. which C. that D. if66. A. scales B. cuts C. slows D. measures67. A. some one B. one C. he D. reader68. A. accelerator B. actor C. amplifier D. observer69. A. then B. as C. beyond D. than70. A. enabling B. leading C. making D. indicating71. A. meaning B. comprehension C. gist D. regression72. A. but B. nor C. or D. for73. A. our B. your C. their D. such a74. A. Look at B. Take C. Make D. Consider75. A. for B. in C. after D. before76. A. master B. go over C. present D. get throughPart V Translation (10%)Directions: Complete sentences by translating into English the Chinese given inbrackets. Put the answers down on the Answer Sheet. （答案请写在答题纸上）77. The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou is ________________________ (我无法用语言来表述).78. Why is she looking at me ________________________ (像是她认识我似的)? I’venever seen her before in my life.79. I don’t enjoy going to the movies. ________________________ (在我看来), it’sjust a waste of time.80. The Canadian speaks Chinese ________________________ (和他说英语一样流利).81. ________________________ (Tony 是否来), doesn’t matter much. We can rely onourselves.Part VI Writing(15%)Directions: For this part, you are required to write a short essay on the topicAttend Your Classes Regularly. You should write at least 120 words (no morethan 150 words) based on the outline given below:1.现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象。
四级听力模拟题1
Model Test 1Section A1. M: I just stopped by your office in the bank. They told me that you had quit. Where are you working now?W: I am working for a lawyer now. The pay is better and the work is much more interesting.Where did the woman work before? （地点）2. W: Good afternoon, sir. Can I help you?M: Good afternoon. Have you a single room with a bathroom for tonight, please?How long will the man probably stay in the hotel?（细节）3. M: It s almost midnight. Why don’t we leave these dishes until tomorrow?W: Good idea. I’m exhausted.How does the woman feel? （意义解释）4. M: What’s the matter with Mary?W: She becomes nervous whenever it comes to learn mathematics.What do we learn from the conversation? （意义解释）5. W: If I were you, I’d take the bus to work. Driving in that rush-hour traffic is terrible.M: But by the time the bus gets to my stop, there aren’t anyseats left.How does the man prefer to go to work?（人物动作行为）6．M: Did you go shopping?W: Yes, but all I got was a sore foot.What does the woman mean? （意义解释）7. M: I haven’t had much exercise lately. My only recreation has been watching TV or going to the movies. What do you do for recreation?W: I like to play tennis in summer. My favorite winter sport is skiing.What does the man do for recreation? （人物动作行为）8. M: You want me to explain those questions to you before the exam, don’t you?W: What’s the point? I don’t understand a thing.What does the man mean? （意义解释）Section BConversation 1W: Hi, Peter.M: Hi, Laura.W: How was your final?M: Absolutely no idea. Anyway, it’s just wonderful to have finished the exam, isn’t it?W: Yeah, to sleep in every morning. What about you?M: Well I’ve got a lot to do before I leave for (离开这里前往) Chicago. I’ve got a lot of things I can’t possibly take back with me and I don’t know what to do with them. I am wondering if I can sell them to someone before going back to Chicago. Perhaps you could give me some advice?W: Well, it depends on what sort of things they are.M: Well, there are quit a lot. I have a computer which is second hand and not worth much. What I really want to get rid of is the furniture, the fridge and other kitchen stuff that I bought from the previous tenant (房客). Oh, there are some clothes and books as well.W: I see. Well there are several alternatives. First of all, you could put up notices （启事）around the university about the books– you know on the notice boards in the student union building, and anywhere the second and the third year students will see them. People are always keen to buy cheap textbooks.M: Then what should I say on the notices?W: Just put the title, authors and prices you want. Don’t forget to put your phone number on those little tear-off tags （便撕标签）.M: That’s a good idea. What about the furniture?W: You could try the same thing, but usually students are away all summer so they don’t want to buy furniture now. Another place to try might be a second-hand shop. Someone from the shop will usually come around and give you a free quote（自由报价）, and then you can decide. But normally you won’t get much money for that sort of stuff.9. What is Peter’s problem?10. Which of the items below does Peter want to sell?11. What is Laura’s suggestion about the books?12. What does Laura think of the second hand shop?Conversation 2W: Hi, my name’s Alice Jackson and I have a friend Susan, whose son Ben is taking guitar lessons from you, and she suggested I call you.M: Ok. Will the lessons be for yourself or a child?W: They will be for myself. My son is only three and I’d like him to take piano lessons next year.M: Fine. Have you had any musical experience before?W: Well, I studied the piano for about three months but that was six years ago.M: That’s good. So we don’t have to start right from the beginning again.W: When can I take lessons and how much do they cost?M: Well, that depends on you. We have a small group that meets on M onday and W ednesday evenings for two hours, that costs $5an hour. Then on T uesdays and Th ursdays I give private lessons that cost $9 an hour. For children, I charge an extra dollar an hour.W: I’m afraid I can’t make it on Mondays but I can come on Wednesdays.M: When are you going to start?W: Is this Wednesday evening all right?M: Sure.13. Who suggested the woman call the man?14. According to the dialogue, why has the woman contacted the man?15. How much does a children’s class cost per hour on Thursday?Passage 1For the last hundred years the climate has been growing much warmer. This has had a number of different effects. Since thebeginning of the 20th century, glaciers (冰河) have been melting very rapidly. Secondly, rising temperatures have been causing the snowline to retreat on mountains all over the world.As a result of this, vegetation(植物) has also been changing. In Canada, the agricultural crop line has shifted 50 to 100 miles northward. In the same way some cool climate trees like birches (桦树) and spruce(针纵树)dying over large areas of Eastern Canada.The distribution(分布) of wildlife (野生动物) has also been affected, with many European animals moving northward into Scandinavia. Since 1918, 25 new species of birds have moved their nests to the north.Finally, the sea has been rising at a rapidly increasing rate largely due, as was mentioned above, to the melting of glaciers. In the last 18 years it has risen by about 6 inches, which is about four times the average rate of rise over the last 9000 years.16. How was the climate changed recent years?17. Which of the following is not the effect of climate changing?18. What can we learn from the moving of birds?Passage 2In the United States, boys and girls start school when they are five years old. In some states, they must stay in school until they are sixteen. Most students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they graduate from secondary school (中学), another name for second school is high school.Most children go to public elementary and secondary schools (公办小学和公办中学). The parents of public school pupils do not have to pay directly for their children’s education be cause tax money supports the public schools. If a child attends a private school, his parents pay the school for the child’s education. Today about half of the high school graduates (毕业生) go on to colleges and universities. Some colleges and universities receive tax money from the government. A student at a state university(州立大学) does not have to pay very much if his parents live in that state. Private colleges and universities are very expensive, however. Almost half of the college students in the United States work while they are studying. When a student’s family is not rich, he has to earn money for part of his college expenses (开支).19. How old are most American students when they graduate from secondary school?20. Why don’t the parents have to pay the public schools for their children?21. What students don’t have to pay every much at a State University?Passage 3In the eyes of many people, city life is attractive with all its advantages and convenience, yet they don’t see the other side of the picture.First, with the expansion of the city, housing (住房) has become a serious problem for city people. Then, there is the problem of pollution: harmful gases from vehicles (车辆) and poisonous water from factories pollute our surroundings; noise continually disturbs your peace and rest (平静) and drives you mad. Thirdly, modern city life puts a high pressure upon people; you have to hurry to bump into(跌跌撞撞前行) the flood of people, bicycles, cars, buses…; all day long you are under great stress. Fourthly, big cities also cause some social problems, of which the high crime rate is the most serious one. People are justifiably(情有可原地) in fear of becoming victims (受害者) of burglary(盗窃), robbery, murder and other crimes at any time. The city should find some way or other to cope with all these problems.1-8 A D B D A A C A 9-12 C D D A13-15 B C D16-18 B C A19-21 C C C22-25 C D D A。
秘书学考试试题及答案
«秘书学»试题及答案一、名词解释(每小题3分，共18分)1．秘书秘书是为服务对象全局性决策，事务性管理,从事智力服务，发挥助手作用的一种社会职业。
（1）秘书的社会属性，是社会中的服务职业,第三产业。
秘书是一种社会职业人员，有职业准入的权利。
（2）职业性质，是秘书的本质属性，具体表现为，为服务对象全局性决策，事务性管理，从事智力服务。
2. 秘书的表达能力秘书的表达能力包括口头表达能力和文字表达能力两方面。
口头表达能力就是如何运用口头语言表达思维的能力。
秘书人员在上情下达、下情上达的工作过程中均离不开口头表达.如汇报工作、提出建议、传达指令、沟通协调、接待来访等，均要求运用口头语言进行正确的表达。
秘书的口头表达要求反应敏捷、清晰自然、准确简练、有条不紊.文字表达能力指书面表达的能力，即一般的写作能力。
写作能力是秘书人员的基本功。
秘书人员根据领导授意与工作需要，需经常撰拟各种文稿，写作范围很广。
这就要求秘书不仅应具备一般的书面表达能力和写作技巧，而且应熟知各种应用文体的写作，如通用公文、专用公文和公务常用文。
3.信访是来信来访的简称,是指信访人通过书信、走访、电话、电报等形式，向党和国家机关、人民团体、企事业单位及其负责人反映情况，表达个人或集体意愿,并由有关机关和单位负责处理的社会活动。
4。
办公自动化办公自动化或称办公室自动化，其英文名称为office Automation，简称为OA。
这是自动化的一个分支,最早是由美国通用汽车公司D.S。
哈德于1956年首创的。
这是一门综合性很强的学科.5.协调就一般意义而言,协调是主客体之间为实现一个共同的目的而相互沟通，寻找共同点，从而实现某种平衡，达到某种默契的一种行为方式。
协调既是领导机关组织社会活动的一种手段，也是有效地进行行政管理的一种基本工作方法。
任何领导机关,都必须对所属的各种机构、各项工作、各方面的人员经常进行协调，才能使之有序运转，齐心协力，相互配合，共同完成任务。
事业单位文秘类招聘考试模拟试卷一及答案(整理版)
事业单位招聘考试模拟试卷一（文秘类）客观题部分（一、二、三大题）一、单项选择题（下列各题备选答案中，只有一个是最符合题意的，请将其选出，并在答题卡上将对应题号后的字母涂黑。
每小题1分，共30分）1、秘书的涵义，有一个( )的演变过程。
A．由人到物B．由小到大C．由物及人D．由上到下2、秘书工作的辅助性主要体现在地位的( )与工作的被动性两个方面。
A．被领导性B．中介性C．从属性D．隐秘性3、公文的第一要素是( ) 。
A．语言文字B．语法C．逻辑D．体式4、议论文体中，形式变化最多，灵活性最大，因此也被视为议论性散文的是( ) 。
A．短论B．小品文C．杂文D．文艺评论5、根据事由：××公司发行重点钢铁企业债券，应使用的文种是( ) 。
A．通报B．通知C．通告D．决定6、《××广播局关于向××县土地局申请划拨建设电视转播台用地的请示》，该标题主要的错误是( ) 。
A．违反报告不得夹带请示的规定B．违反应协商同意后再发文的规定C．错误使用文种，应使用函D．错误使用文种，应使用报告7、各级党政机关、社会团体、企事业单位规范某一方面工作、活动、行为等的规章性公文，一般称为( ) 。
A．条例B．函C．规定D．报告8、平行文，指( )机关之间往来的公文。
A．本B．不相隶属C．平级D．领导9、下列属于公文专用语中期复用语的是( ) 。
A．妥否B．请审核C．为荷D．希各知照10、下列属于公文文尾部分的是( ) 。
A．主题词B．附件C．印章D．成文时间11、秘书人员要保持（）的美德。
A．谦虚谨慎 B. 惟命是从C. 谨小慎微 D. 居安思危12、秘书是上级的有力助手，发挥“助手“作用是指秘书要（）。
A. 跟从上级，当好参谋B. 鞍前马后，搞好服务C. 调查研究，科学决策D. 维护权威，树立形象13、秘书人员加强职业道德修养，很重要的一条是不可（）。
A. 有自己的想法和创新B. 更多地考虑自己的家庭利益C. 假借上级的名义以权谋私D. 只会实干，不会巧干14、下列各项词语中，书写完全正确的一组是（）。
15-16-2大英四级模拟题第1套答案
15-16-2四级模拟题第一套试题参考答案Part One WritingAs is shown in the picture, when the teacher assigns her student to read a literature book, shetells him to think of it as a long text-message. It reminds me of the importance of reading literaturewhile most people are spending much more time reading text-messages than literary works.As it is, reading literature is important in that it can not only broaden our horizon but alsoenrich our mind. To be specific, reading classic works is a real eye-opener, from which we canacquire knowledge of different historical events and cultural traditions.Moreover, the moraloutlooks and views of life revealed in great works offer great nourishment and contribute toour growth and wisdom. Take myself as an example. Whenever I’m confronted with obstacles, I will reflect on the books I’ve read, imagining what the heroes would do if they were in mysituation. Then normally I will get the power and overcome my difficulties.All in all, reading literature regularly as one does text-messages is critical to a more colorfuland wiser life.Part Two Listening ComprehensionTape ScriptSection A News reportsItem 1Last October, a NASA rocket, traveling at a speed of 9000 kilometers per hour smashed into adeep, dark hole on the moon’s south pole.Upon impact, the Centaur rocket kicked up a cloud of dust and elements from the moon’ssurface, creating a so-called ejecta-plume” that was monitored by NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, or LRO.Scientists analyzed the findings, and preliminary results from this mission suggested thatthere was some form of water on the moon. NASA lunar scientist Michael Wargo said those daysthat wave of findings during the past year makes it certain.“We’ve confirmed that there indeed water ice in the ejecta-plume, and at an abundance thatwas about 50 percent greater than our initial estimates.That means that the impact site has more water than some deserts on Earth.1. According to the news report, what has happened last October?2. What did preliminary results from this mission suggest?Item 2An American government panel has recommended that pregnant women, health-care workers,children and young adults up to the age of 24 should get priority for the flu vaccine released laterthis year. But the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices conceded the policy maychange if not enough vaccine is produced by October. Doctor Ann Schuchat of the Center forDisease Control said it is vital for pregnant women who have breathing illness and fever to getearly treatment. We think some suitable medicines for them can be lifesaving, and that’s a very important message. We also think it is important for them to get seasonal influenza vaccine, andtoday the committee recommended that when vaccine is available, and we have a decision to goforward that the pregnant women really out of consider getting the H1N1 vaccine.3. Who are less necessary to receive the flu vaccinations?4. Why do pregnant women enjoy the top priority to get vaccine?Item 3popular Great Ocean Hundreds of residents and holidaymakers along southern Australia’sRoad were forced to move out on Thursday as hot, windy weather threatened to recharge bushfiresthat destroyed more than 100 homes on Christmas Day.Residents in three coastal towns in the popular holiday area were advised to leave theirhomes as temperatures were forecast to reach a high of almost 40 degrees Celsius. The hotsummer weather threatened to expand fires that have been burning for almost two weeks.The fires were started by a lightning strike on Dec. 19 and continue to burn ad spread. TheCountry Fire Authority estimates the fire has burnt out more than 25 square kilometers of land.Authorities estimate that 116 homes were destroyed by the fires on Christmas Day.The Great Ocean Road is one of Australia’s biggest tourist draws with its spectacular scenery and unusual offshore rock formations. Parts of the road remained closed to traffic on Thursdayduring what is typically one of its busiest times of the year.5. What happened on Australia’s Great Ocean Road on Thursday?6. Why should the local residents leave their homes?7. When did the bushfires start?Section B ConversationsConversation OneW: Are you all ready for Christmas?M: No, I haven't even started. I've done zero shopping.W: Well, you'd better get going. Christmas is only a week away.M: I have to tell you that I'm one of those people who really get stressed out by the Christmasrush.W: Oh, I'm not. I love the holidays. I love the crowds, the shopping, the holidays, the music,thefood, the parties, and all the presents.M: That's just the beginning. My wife always spends too much money on Christmas. That takesme till April to pay off all our Christmas bills.W: Don't be a miser about it. Think about yourkids. Didn't you use to love Christmas whenyouwere a kid?M: I guess so. I don't remember.W: I know you did. You know, maybe Christmas is for kids, but you can still enjoy it throughtheeyes of your children.M: Well, kids enjoy it because they don't have to do all the shopping and pay all the bills.W: Maybe that's true. But you know as well as I do; that Christmas is more than shopping andtrees. It's about what's in your heart and how you can make others happy.M: You're right. You're absolutely right. I'm going to try harder to be nice to people and try tokeepthe true spirit of Christmas in my heart.W: I'm glad to hear it.8. What does the woman try to do in the conversation?9. When does the conversation take place?10. What is he mans’ feeling about Christmas?11. What will the man most probably do after the conversation?Conversation TwoW: It's a lovely day today! What would you like to do?M: I really feel like doing something outdoors. Perhaps we could go hill walking?W: Mm, I'm not really in the mood for hill walking. Why don't we just go swimming?M: That suits me. But it will take an hour or two. Do you like to do something else first?Maybewe could go cycling?W: I don't think I enjoy that very much. Actually I'm not a good cyclist. Maybe we could havea meal at the new Italian restaurant.M: That's fine for me. I haven't been to that restaurant yet. So that's decided then. A meal at the new Italian restaurant, then go to swim. Great! So, when should we meet?W: We'd better get to the restaurant a bit early because it might be very busy. I think we need to get there by 11:00.M: Er, can I make it a little bit later, say, 11:20? I have to visit my grandma this morning andIdon't think I can make it by then.W; No problem. I'll go straight to the restaurant at 11:00 and get you a table.M: Great!12. Why doesn't the man want to go swimming?13. What will the two speakers do first?14. What can be inferred about the restaurant mentioned?15. Why can’t the man meet the woman at 11:00?Section C PassagesPassage OneTwin sisters are supposed to be very much alike, are they not? Well, my twin sister Jane and I do look alike, however, we are different in many ways. We like very different styles of clothing. I prefer to dress informally, whereas my twin sister dresses like a model, always wearing the latest fashions. We have very similar character in most ways. I do not get angry easily and enjoy being with friends, and in these respects, my twin sister feels the same: But she likes loud music and modern dances, while I find that nightclubs give me a headache. She is always with friends, is a favorite with all the teachers, and never wants to have any children, whereas I prefer to be alone at times, don't really try to impress my teachers and intend some day to have a family of my own. We have tried to live in the same room several times, and even agreed on the color we like best, and the kind of furniture we want, but I like to keep things neat and orderly, while my twin sister actsas if there were a servant around to pick up all the things that get thrown on the floor. I like to goto bed early and get up early. In contrast, she doesn't seem to have any definite habits, often goes to bed very late --and then sleeps late the next day.16. What kind of clothes does the speaker like?17. What do the twin sisters have in common?18. Why isn’t the speaker likely to live in the same room with her sister?Passage TwoUntil the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat to public health. Since the cigarette industry began in the 1870s, however, the cigarette-manufacturing machine has developed rapidly. This made it possible to produce great number of cigarettes very quickly, and itreduced the price.Today cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. About forty-three percent of the men andthirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit.Income, education and occupation all play a part in determining a persons smoking habits.City people smoke more than people living onfarms. Well-educated men with high income are lesslikely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On theother hand, if a well-educated man with a high income smokes at all, he is likely to smoke morepacks of cigarettes per day. The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightlymore smokers among women with higher family income and higher education than among thelower income and lower education groups. These more highly educated women tend smoke more heavily.19. What reduced the price of cigarettes?20. What is the percentage of American adult women who smoke regularly?21. What plays a part in determining a person’s smoking habit?22. Which of the following is true according to the passage?Passage ThreeLife on earth depends on the sun. Day after day we see its light and feel its warmth, but wedo not often consider their origin. Yet there are many remarkable things about the sun. One is itsdistance from the earth. This is about 93 million miles. A journey of this distance, even if it couldbe made, would take several hundred years even in the fastest rocket.The sun makes us feel hot, even at a distance of 93 million miles. This is not surprising. The temperature on the sun is about 10,000 degree Fahrenheit. But we receive only a small part of theheat. The total heat of the sun could melt a column of ice two and a quarter miles thick and 93million miles high in a second.The brightness of the sun is equally astonishing. As we said earlier, we receive only a verysmall part of the sun’s heat. We also receive only a very small part of its light. This is sufficient for the growth of trees and plants, and for the existence of living creatures on earth. Too much heatand light would destroy the balance of life. The heat and light from the sun come in just the rightquantities for life on earth.23. What remarkable things are mentioned in the passage?24. What is the temperature on the sun?25. Which of the following is true according to the passage?参考答案Section A1. B2. A3. B4. C5. D6. A7. BSection B8. C 9. B 10. B 11. C 12.C 13. D 14. B 15. DSection C16. D 17. B 18. C 19. B 20.B 21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. DPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A26. C 27. D 28.G 29.H 30.J 31.K 32.M 33.L 34.E 35. ASection B36. G 37. H 38.K 39.I 40.E 41.D 42.J 43.C 44.F 45. BSection C46. C 47. A 48.B 49.C 50.D 51.D 52.B 53.C 54.B 55. APart IV TranslationSuzhou is a water town and also a town of gardens. Hence it is called the “Venice of the Orient”. The Ming and Qing dynasties, between the 14th and 20th centuries, were its prime periods of garden construction, with more than 200 private family gardens built at some time in between. The private gardens are quite different from the imperial gardens in architectural style and design. Private gardens are generally smaller in size and they have multiple functions: for residence, getting together, and sightseeing. The classical gardens of Suzhou were listed in the World Cultural Heritages by UNESCO in 1997.。
2014年大学英语四级冲刺模拟题及答案(共四份)(高分突破模拟题+参考答案)
2014年大学英语四级冲刺模拟题及答案（共四份）（高分突破模拟题+参考答案）关于本文档：由马宁新搜集整理本文档共分四部分：大学英语四级冲刺模拟题及答案解析；共30页，19335字；宋体，五号字目录2014年大学英语四级模拟试题及答案参考一............ . (2)2014年大学英语四级模拟题及答案之二................ .. (11)2014年大学英语四级模拟题及答案之三................ ........ .......... (18)2014年大学英语四级模拟试题含答案（四）................ ........ . (25)2014年大学英语四级模拟试题及答案参考一Part ⅠTapescript of Listening ComprehensionSection A1. M: Excuse me, could you tell me where Dr. Brown’s of fice is?W: The doctor’s office is on the fifth floor, but the elevator can only go to the fourth. So you’ll have to use the stairs to reach there. It’s the seventh room on the left.Q: On which floor is the doctor’s office?2. M: Did you hear about the computer that John bought from Morris?W: He got a bargain（便宜货）,didn’t he?Q: What do we learn from the conversation?3. W: Your sister Jane didn’t recognize me at first.M: I’m not surprised. Why on earth don’t you lose some weight?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?4. M: Between the two houses we saw yesterday, which one do you prefer?W: I think the white one is prettier, but the brick one has a bigger yard, so I like it better.Q: Which house does the woman prefer?5. M: It sure is hot today. This must be the hottest summer in years.W: Well, it’s certainly hotter than last summer. I was out in the sun today, and I think I’m five pounds lighter than I was this morning.Q: What does the woman mean?6. M: I heard the student bus was overturned（翻倒）in a traffic accident.W: Yes, and what’s more, no one on the bus was not injured.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?7. W: Hello, Robert. What are you doing here? Drawing money?M: No. I only want to put some money in my deposit account（储蓄账户）. Not very much, but I’m trying to save.Q: What is the man doing?8. M: Oh, no, I am not lazy. You should have seen my school report! They said I was reliable, industrious and conscientious.W: Well, teachers nowadays expect too little.Q: What does the woman think of teachers nowadays?9. W: Don’t worry about it, Stanley. There’s nothing we can do now.M: I can’t help it, Stella. If I’d been thinking, this wouldn’t have happened.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?10. M: You look very nice in this dress. Perhaps the waist is little too tight. Would you like to try a size larger?W: Well, the style isn’t quite what I had in mind. Thank you anyway.Q: Why didn’t the woman buy the dress?Part ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage One这是一篇人文类说明文。
国开《秘书学》形考作业1-4参考答案
国开《秘书学》形考作业1-4参考答案（内附精简版）秘书学·形考任务一1.秘书人员的基本能力，主要是指智力方面的特质，包括敏锐的观察力、良好的记忆能力、丰富的想象力和科学的思维能力。
A.对B.错正确答案：A2.女性秘书可以随意做任何发型与妆面。
A.对B.错正确答案：B3.地上掉了东西后，秘书人员可以采取直腿下腰翘臀或者双腿下蹲的取、捡物姿态。
A.对B.错正确答案：B4.拜访时间一般以一个小时为宜。
A.对B.错正确答案：B5.秘书人员要耐心倾听谈话者的陈述，谨慎插话和表达自己的看法，礼貌进退，尽量回应谈话者的谈话内容。
A.对B.错正确答案：A6.大众传播媒介是一种重要的信息获取途径，所以，凡是这种开放性的信息都一定是准确的。
A.对B.错正确答案：B7.一条信息可以涵盖很多方面的内容，可以同时有几个主题。
A.对B.错正确答案：B8.公文的字体和字号，如无特殊说明，公文格式各要素一般用（）号（）体字。
A.三号、仿宋体B.小二号、宋体C.四号、宋体D.三号、楷体正确答案：A9.公文对于行数和字数都有一定的要求，一般每面排（）行，每行排（）个字，并撑满版心。
特定情况可以作适当调整A.22、28B.28、22C.25、26D.26、25正确答案：A10.发文字号中的年份括号应用（）A.〔〕B.（）C.【】D.《》正确答案：A11.按时间顺序记载一定范围内发生的重大事件的参考资料叫做()。
A.大事记B.时事C.年鉴D.专题概要正确答案：A12.接待预约来访者的工作程序是（）。
多选题(4.0分)（难易度:中）A.亲切迎客B.文明待客C.热情待客D.礼貌送客正确答案：ACD13.印章按其性质、作用、质量可分为正式印章、专用印章（）戳记七大类。
多选题(4.0分)（难易度:中）A.套印章B.钢印C.手章D.名章正确答案：ABCD14.领导的日程安排一般都是自制成一览表的形式。
A.对B.错正确答案：A15.秘书的接待工作应遵守以下原则：诚恳热情、讲究礼仪、周到细致、按章办事、保守秘密和俭省节约。
2024英语专业四级作文模拟题及答案
2024英语专业四级作文模拟题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12024 English Majors CET-4 Writing Practice TestDirections:Write an essay of about 250 words on the following topic in English.【TOPIC】: The Influence of Social Media on Modern CommunicationIn recent years, the rapid development of social media platforms has had a profound impact on how we communicate with each other. Some people believe that social media has made communication easier and more convenient, while others argue that it has led to a decline in the quality of our interactions. What is your opinion on this issue?In my opinion, social media has greatly transformed the way we communicate in both positive and negative ways. On the one hand, social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have made it easier for us to connect with friends andfamily, regardless of geographical boundaries. We can now communicate with people from all over the world instantly, share updates about our lives, and stay connected with our loved ones.Furthermore, social media has also played a crucial role in spreading important information quickly and efficiently. During emergencies or natural disasters, social media platforms have been used to alert people about safety measures and provide real-time updates. Moreover, social media has empowered individuals to voice their opinions and share their ideas with a wide audience, leading to greater social awareness and activism.However, the influence of social media on modern communication is not without its drawbacks. The rise of social media has led to a decline in face-to-face interactions, as people often prefer to communicate through screens rather than in person. This has resulted in a lack of genuine connection and understanding between individuals, as the nuances of communication such as body language and tone of voice are lost in online interactions.Additionally, the prevalence of social media has also given rise to issues such as cyberbullying, misinformation, and addiction. The anonymity and distance provided by social media have made it easier for people to engage in harmful behaviorsand spread false information, leading to negative consequences for individuals and society as a whole.In conclusion, while social media has undoubtedly revolutionized the way we communicate, it is important to be mindful of its impact on our interactions. We should strive to strike a balance between online and offline communication, use social media responsibly, and be aware of the potential pitfalls of excessive reliance on technology for social interaction.答案：The Influence of Social Media on Modern CommunicationIn recent years, the rapid development of social media platforms has had a profound impact on how we communicate with each other. Some people believe that social media has made communication easier and more convenient, while others argue that it has led to a decline in the quality of our interactions. What is your opinion on this issue?In my opinion, social media has greatly transformed the way we communicate in both positive and negative ways. On the one hand, social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have made it easier for us to connect with friends and family, regardless of geographical boundaries. We can nowcommunicate with people from all over the world instantly, share updates about our lives, and stay connected with our loved ones.Furthermore, social media has also played a crucial role in spreading important information quickly and efficiently. During emergencies or natural disasters, social media platforms have been used to alert people about safety measures and provide real-time updates. Moreover, social media has empowered individuals to voice their opinions and share their ideas with a wide audience, leading to greater social awareness and activism.However, the influence of social media on modern communication is not without its drawbacks. The rise of social media has led to a decline in face-to-face interactions, as people often prefer to communicate through screens rather than in person. This has resulted in a lack of genuine connection and understanding between individuals, as the nuances of communication such as body language and tone of voice are lost in online interactions.Additionally, the prevalence of social media has also given rise to issues such as cyberbullying, misinformation, and addiction. The anonymity and distance provided by social media have made it easier for people to engage in harmful behaviorsand spread false information, leading to negative consequences for individuals and society as a whole.In conclusion, while social media has undoubtedly revolutionized the way we communicate, it is important to be mindful of its impact on our interactions. We should strive to strike a balance between online and offline communication, use social media responsibly, and be aware of the potential pitfalls of excessive reliance on technology for social interaction.篇22024 English Major CET-4 Writing Mock Exam and AnswerPart I: Writing TaskDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic "Social Media and Its Influence on Society". You should write at least 150 words.Social Media and Its Influence on SocietyIn the era of digital technology, social media has become an integral part of our lives, influencing the way we communicate, interact, and perceive the world around us. While social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchathave revolutionized the way we connect with others, they have also brought about significant changes in society.One of the most noticeable impacts of social media on society is its role in shaping public opinion and influencing political discourse. With the rise of fake news and misinformation, social media has become a battleground for competing narratives and ideologies, often leading to polarization and division among people. Moreover, social media has also been blamed for spreading hate speech, cyberbullying, and online harassment, posing serious challenges to civil discourse and social cohesion.On the positive side, social media has democratized communication and given a voice to marginalized groups and individuals. It has enabled people to express their opinions, share their stories, and mobilize for social causes like never before. Social media has also provided new opportunities for businesses to reach their target audience, engage with customers, and increase brand visibility.In conclusion, while social media has its drawbacks and challenges, it has undoubtedly transformed the way we communicate and interact in the digital age. As users of social media, we must be mindful of the impact our online activitieshave on society and strive to use these platforms responsibly and ethically.Part II: AnswerSocial media has become an integral part of our daily lives, affecting the way we communicate, interact, and perceive the world. While social media platforms offer many benefits, they also present challenges and drawbacks that can impact society in various ways.On the one hand, social media has democratized communication and provided a platform for individuals to express their opinions and connect with others. It has enabled marginalized groups to have a voice and has facilitated social movements and activism around the world. Social media has also revolutionized the way businesses engage with customers and market their products and services, opening up new opportunities for growth and innovation.On the other hand, social media has been criticized for its role in spreading misinformation, fake news, and hate speech. The lack of regulation and oversight on social media platforms has allowed harmful content to flourish, leading to polarization, division, and conflicts within society. Moreover, social media has also been linked to mental health issues such as anxiety,depression, and low self-esteem, as users compare themselves to others and seek validation through likes and comments.In conclusion, social media has brought about significant changes in society, both positive and negative. As users of social media, we have a responsibility to use these platforms responsibly, critically evaluate the information we consume, and be mindful of the impact our online activities have on society. By promoting digital literacy, ethical behavior, and respect for diverse viewpoints, we can harness the potential of social media to build a more informed, connected, and inclusive society.篇32024年英语专业四级作文模拟题及答案题目：Discuss the impact of technology on language learningIn recent years, technology has played a significant role in language learning. With the rise of the internet and various language learning applications, learners now have access to a wide range of resources to improve their language skills. In this essay, we will discuss the impact of technology on language learning.One of the key benefits of technology in language learning is the accessibility of resources. Learners no longer have to rely solely on textbooks and traditional classroom instruction. They can access online tutorials, language exchange platforms, and language learning apps that provide interactive exercises and real-time feedback. This allows learners to practice their language skills at their own pace and convenience.Moreover, technology has also made language learning more engaging and fun. Language learning apps, such as Duolingo and Babbel, use gamification techniques to keep learners motivated and interested. These apps offer rewards, challenges, and interactive lessons that make learning a new language feel like a game. This not only makes the learning process more enjoyable but also enhances retention and understanding.Additionally, technology has made it easier for learners to connect with native speakers and immerse themselves in the language. Language exchange platforms, such as Tandem and HelloTalk, allow learners to practice speaking with native speakers from around the world. This real-world practice helps learners improve their pronunciation, fluency, and culturalunderstanding in a way that traditional classroom instruction cannot.However, it is important to acknowledge the potential drawbacks of technology in language learning. One concern is the overreliance on technology, which can lead to passive learning and a lack of critical thinking skills. Learners may become too dependent on language learning apps and online resources, neglecting other important aspects of language learning, such as grammar rules and cultural nuances.In conclusion, technology has had a profound impact on language learning, offering a wide range of resources and opportunities for learners to improve their language skills. While the benefits of technology are clear, it is important for learners to use technology in conjunction with traditional language learning methods to ensure a well-rounded education. By harnessing the power of technology effectively, learners can enhance their language skills and achieve fluency in a foreign language.以上是2024年英语专业四级作文模拟题及答案，希望对你有所帮助。
大学英语四级考试模拟题（附答案）
大学英语模拟真题Test 2第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）此部分共有5个未完成的对话，针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. —Why not go and have dinner in the restaurant? —_________ It’s too expensive. A. Why not. B. I agree . C. I ’m afraid not. D. I ’m sure. 2. —Mike,I am going to skate in the mountains tomorrow. —Oh,really? _________ A. Good luck. B. Great. C. Have a good time. C. Have a good time. D. Congratulations! D. Congratulations! 3. —Please help yourself to the fish. —_________ A. Thanks,but I don’t like the fish.B. Sorr y ,I can’t help.y,I can’t help.C. Well,fish don’t suit me.D. No,I can’t.4. —_________ —He teaches physics in a school. A. What does your father want to do? B. Who is your father? C. What is your father? D. Where is your father now? 5. —Excuse me, how much is the jacket? —It It’’s 499 Yuan. _________ A. Oh, no. Tha t’t’s OK! s OK! B. How do you like it? C. Which do you prefer? D. Would you like to try it on? 第二部分：阅读理解（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分）此部分共有2篇短文，在第一篇短文后有5个正误判断题，从每题后的两个选项中选出正确答案；在第二篇短文后有5个问题。
大学英语英语四级模拟题(包含答案) (1)
大学英语四级试卷（满分120分，考试时间90分钟）一、选择题：（本题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分）1. Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only _____ to his confusion.A. extendedB. amountedC. addedD. turned2. Although he is over 60 now, he still cannot forget the traffic accident30 years ago of which his ________ is really a miracle.A. escapeB. survivalC. runawayD. victim3. Although he is very rich, his undutiful children are the _______ of his life.A. torchB. tormentC. topicD. topper4. Although I spoke to him many times, he never took any _______ of whatI said.A. noticeB. remarkC. observationD. attention5. Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have _______vision.A. vigorousB. exactC. acuteD. vivid6. Ms Simms is very sensitive ______ criticism.A. ofB. inC. toD. on7. It is an exception ________ the rules.A. ofB. inC. againstD. to8. She solved the problem _________a stroke.A. onB. ofC. atD. through9. Death always taken us _________ surprise, even though we know it is inevitable.A. inB. out ofC. byD. through10. The lady insists on her constitutional right _______ a passport in her maiden name.A. onB. toC. intoD. that11. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _______ the behavior of a animal depends mainly on instinct.A. whereasB. soC. unlessD. that12. Wood furniture does not depreciate in value _______ properly handled and protecteD.A. ifB. hasC. andD. that13. Although much is done to supply enough for everyone, ______ of foodwill long be a world problem.A. lackB. shortageC. absenceD. decline14. Archaeologists ______ the walls of the old city at a depth of several metres below the surface.A. determinedB. locatedC. provedD. defined15. A large ___ of money is spent on import every year.A. accountB. amountC. numberD. quality16. Whether we are feeling happy or sad, ____ our emotions will make us feel more relaxeD.A. shareB. sharedC. sharingD. to sharing17. _____ that the whole roof was blown off.A. So terrible the storm may beB. So terribly the storm may beC. So terrible was the stormD. So terribly was the storm18. ---Let’s go for a walk.---Yes, today’s weather isn’t as cold as it was yesterday, ____?A. wasn’t itB. was itC. isn’t itD. is it19. --- How much is the desk?---it__ninety-nine pounds.( )A. costsB. Pays toC. spendsD. Takes is20. I am afraid I won't be able to keep in touch__him.( )A. To goB. For ifC. withD. By too二、单词拼写（共计15分）1.Mr. Li moved to the seashore in his f______(四十来岁).2.H______(听到) the good news, we all jumped with joy.3．Before _______________ (冒险), you should balance the benefits as well as the dangers.4．The unique design of the hotel can make the customers ________ ________ ________.(不拘束) (根据汉语提示完成句子）5．________ ________ (一般来说), diligence can lead to positive results. (根据汉语提示完成句子）三、阅读理解：(共30分)If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system arecapable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan. Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon. When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.A.foodB.oilC.spaceD.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because_____A.it might be possible to change its atmosphereB.its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sC.there is a good supply of water on VenusD.the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.A.waterB.carbon dioxideC.carbon monoxideD.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.A.live in very hot temperaturesB.live in very cold temperaturesC.manufacture oxygenD.all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.A.the algae have done their workB.the atmosphere becomes coolerC.thereis oxygenD.it rains there四、书面表达：请起草一份通知，用一段话说明以下要点：参观日期： 3月25日，星期天时间：早上8点钟出发。
2024最新国开电大《秘书学》形考任务1-4答案(陕西)
形成性考核一单项选择题（每小题4分，共28分）1.办文的核心工作是（）单选题 (4 分)A.文字工作B.事务工作C.会议工作D.沟通工作2.代表大会的会场布置要体现的是（）单选题 (4 分)A.庄严隆重B.欢乐喜庆C.庄严肃穆D.自由活泼3.秘书学的学科对象是（）单选题 (4 分)A.秘书人员B.秘书机构C.秘书活动D.秘书历史4.接到打错的电话时，比较妥当的处理方式是（）单选题 (4 分)A.告诉他打错了，然后挂电话B.告诉对方你的号码是什么C.仔细问他找的人是谁，看能否帮忙。
D.告诉他，查清楚号码再打5.秘书的（）是促使秘书行动的原因，是产生和维持行动的个性心理倾向，是秘书心理活动中的重要机能。
单选题 (4 分)A.性格B.意志C.兴趣D.动机6.秘书的涵义，有一个（）的演变过程。
单选题 (4 分)A.由人到事B.由小到大C.由物及人D.由上到下7.秘书活动产生的前提条件是（）单选题 (4 分)A.文字的出现B.公文的出现C.社会管理组织的出现D.领导活动的出现多项选择题（每小题6分，共6分）8.按照秘书工作所在的活动领域，将秘书划分为？多选题 (6 分)A.事务秘书B.党政秘书C.企业秘书D.商务秘书9.会议的特征有（）多选题 (6 分)A.必要性B.适宜性C.合法性D.可行性判断题（每小题5分，共50分）10.秘书学中的沟通信息，即秘书机构同有关组织或领导者之间的信息传递与反馈，以求得共同的理解和认识。
判断题 (5 分)A.对B.错11.我国秘书机构的组织模式，从现状看大体有两种：一是因人分设制；二是因事分设制。
判断题 (5 分)A.对B.错12.辅助决策，是秘书人员或秘书机构为领导者制定并实施决策所采取的各项辅助行为。
判断题 (5 分)A.对B.错13.根据秘书协调的性质，协调工作有以下主要步骤:受托、审理、核查、协商和处理。
领导者事务活动的特点有:繁杂性、经常性、具体性和临时性。
判断题 (5 分)A.对B.错14.公文处理的程序分为三个阶段，是收文处理、发文处理、公文管理。
大学英语四级写作分类模拟题(带答案)
大学英语四级写作分类模拟题（带答案）Writing1、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on problems of urban development. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.2、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on whether e-books will replace paper books. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.3、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to inherit the traditional culture. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.4、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the advantages and disadvantages of new energy vehicles. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.5、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of innovation ability. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.答案:Writing1、[范文]Urban DevelopmentThe reform and opening-up policy has witnessed the increasing of urbanization rate. Along with the fast pace of urbanization comes not only the rich material life and convenient transportation, but also various environmental and social problems.The most annoying problem of urban development is the increasingly heavy traffic jam. With the rapid increase in the quantity of vehicles, it takes us more time to go to work. Urban air pollution, which is caused by the ever-increasing motor vehicle emissions, is another potential threat to the health of city dwellers. Although various measures have been taken to improve air quality, it is still not satisfying enough. Other problems, such as solid waste pollution, water resources scarcity, food security, are also the results of urban development.In order to solve the problems in urban development, it is imperative to coordinate the relationship between urbanization and industrialization and to promote the construction of smart cities. And new methods and ideas should be introduced to city administrators and planners to solve the contradiction between the improvement of people's living standard and the healthy development of urbanization.2、[范文]Will E-books Replace Paper Books?Though e-books have many advantages, such as space saving, environmental protection and low cost, I strongly believe that they will never replace paper books.First of all, people comprehend better when reading paper hooks. A study showed that people who read on papers in the exam score higher than those who read electronic materials. What's more, despite the fact that the adjustable font size and backlighting will help reading, reading electronic materials will do a lot of harm to the eyes if no adequate precautions are taken. We are already exposed to too much electronic screens, and reading e-books will make it worse. Last but not least, when reading a paper book, we enjoy the peaceful state of mind, and can flip pages backward or forward to really enjoy the pleasure of reading, which is difficult to achieve whenreading e-books.E-books will be more and more popular due to the advance of technology. However, paper books are already a part of our life. No matter which one you choose, the only thing that matters is that you are reading.F-3、[范文]How to Inherit Traditional CultureIt's a popular trend nowadays that more and more people are celebrating foreign festivals, ignoring traditional ones, like the Dragon Boat Festival and Double Ninth Festival. However, traditional culture is the treasure of Chinese national culture and also an important component of Chinese advanced culture. Therefore, we should try our best to inherit and carry forward Chinese traditional culture.To begin with, the government should shoulder the responsibility to urge schools to carry out traditional culture education. Besides, it is an effective way for the young generation to inherit traditional culture through textbooks. Therefore, apart from introducing traditional festivals and customs in textbooks, it is advisable to introduce traditional philosophy and classics in the textbooks based on the psychological characteristics of primary and middle school students. Lastly, cultural innovation is also essential to inherit traditional culture. Only by combining cultural inheritance and cultural innovation can we promote cultural development positively.To improve our international competitive capability, every one of us should inherit the traditional culture creatively and absorb the essence of foreign cultures to maintain the exuberant vitality of our traditional culture.4、[范文]The Advantages and Disadvantages of New Energy VehiclesAs many foreign countries announced schedules to ban conventional fueled vehicles, new energy vehicles spark a hot discussion in Chinese automobile market. Some refuses new energy vehicles due to the low battery durability and reliability and high price, but much more people applaud for it.Admittedly, new energy vehicles are still at the initial stage in which various problems need to be solved. For example, due to the limited charging stations and battery durability, it is impossible to travel a long way by new energy vehicles. High cost is another important factor that barricades their popularity. Nevertheless, new energy vehicles are ideal in addressing energy security and urban air pollution concerns. With no emissions generated and low energy consumption, new energy vehicles are environmentally friendly and cost less compared with conventional fueled ones.From what we have discussed above, it is an inevitable trend for the new energy vehicles to dominate our life because of their various advantages. The government should launch preferential policies and encourage technological revolution to promote the development of new energy vehicles and related industries.5、[范文]Innovation AbilityAs George Bernard Shaw said, "Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their mind, cannot change anything." It cannot be denied that change, especially innovation, is the only way for human to advance. Without the power of innovation, the world will fall into an irrevocable dilemma.Innovation brings chances and changes, which will not only stabilize our nation but also enhance the overall national competitive power. Due to an innovative policy, the reform and opening-up policy, China has undergone remarkable changes over the past three decades, and people's living standard has gone up dramatically. What's more, innovation has been recognized as the sure path to success for any company. Encouraging employees to free their minds and giving them time to think of innovative ideas are effective to increase productivity. As for individuals, cultivating innovative ability is of vital importance for one's professional development.To encourage innovation, investment in research should be increased to encourage scholars to take up the challenges. And corresponding curriculum should be made to stimulate students' interest in solving problems and to foster their innovation ability from the very beginning.。
文秘办公自动化模拟测试题一答案
《文秘办公自动化》模拟测试题一姓名班级学号得分一、填空题（20分，每空1分）1.语言栏是一个浮动的工具条，在桌面中总是位于最前面，用于显示当前所使用的语言和输入法。
2.在电脑中可以通过我的电脑窗口和资源管理器来查看和管理电脑中的文件和文件夹。
3.为了便于长文档的管理，可以为文档设置页码和插入目录。
4.五笔输入中键名汉字的输入法是连续敲其所在的键位4次。
5.要同时选择相邻的多张工作表，可先单击所需的第一张工作表的标签，然后按住Shift键单击所需的最后一张工作表标签。
6.CapsLock键用于切换大小写字母。
7.单元格是Excel中最基本的存储单位，可以存放各种数据。
8.Word中，格式工具栏中的“B”按钮用于加粗文本，“I”按钮用于倾斜文本。
9.硬件办公指将电脑与打印机、扫描仪、传真机和移动设备等结合使用，从而完成文件的打印、扫描和传送等工作。
10.对于选定的区域，若要一次性输入同样数据或公式，可在该区域输入数据公式，然后按Ctrl+Enter键。
11.选择格式/单元格命令可打开“单元格格式”对话框。
12.将右手食指放在鼠标左键上，按下鼠标左键再快速释放的过程称为单击鼠标。
单击鼠标的操作常用于选择对象。
13.“Back Space”键，用于删除光标左侧的字符，同时光标向左移动一个字符位置。
14.在Windows XP的“资源管理器”左侧窗口中，若显示的文件夹图标前带有加号（+），意味着该文件夹含有下级文件夹。
15.按下该键“Page Up”键，可使屏幕快速向前翻一页。
在文字处理软件中编辑文档时，若想对前面的部分进行修改，可使用该键。
16.主键盘区是键盘上最重要的区域，也是使用最频繁的区域，它的主要功能是用于录入数据、程序及文字等。
17.在选择输入法时，“Ctrl＋空格键”的作用是进行中英文切换。
二、判断题（10分，每题1分）1.在一张幻灯片中最多包含四级小标题。
（×）2.“Enter”键，是使用最多的一个键。
大学英语四级模拟题01及答案
Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Western Festival: Welcome or Reject? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 西方的节日越来越深的影响着许多中国年青人的生活。
2. 有人认为西方的节日使很多中国的传统日益淡化。
3. 你的观点。
Western Festival: Welcome or Reject?Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Our dreams combine verbal, visual and emotional stimuli into a sometimes broken, nonsensical but often entertainingstory line. We can sometimes even solve problems in our sleep. Or can we? Many experts disagree on exactly what the purpose of our dreams might be. Are they strictly random brain impulses, or are our brains actually working through issues from our daily life while we sleep -- as a sortof coping mechanism? Should we even bother to interpret our dreams? Many say yes, that we have a great deal to learn from our dreams.Why do we Dream?For centuries, we've tried to figure out just why our brains play these nightly shows for us. Early civilizations thought dream worlds were real, physical worlds that they could enter only from their dream state. Researchers continue to toss around many theories about dreaming. Those theories essentially fall into two categories:● The idea that dreams a re only physiological stimulations● The idea that dreams are psychologically necessaryPhysiological theories are based on the idea that we dream in order to exercise various neural connections that some researchers believe affect certain types of learning. Psychological theories are based onthe idea that dreaming allows us to sort through problems, events of the day or things that are requiring a lot of our attention. Some of these theorists think dreams might be prophetic. Many researchers andscientists also believe that perhaps it is a combination of the two theories.Dreaming and the BrainWhen we sleep, we go through five sleep stages. The first stage isa very light sleep from which it is easy to wake up. The second stage moves into a slightly deeper sleep, and stages three and four represent our deepest sleep. Our brain activity throughout these stages is gradually slowing down so that by deep sleep, we experience nothing but delta brain waves -- the slowest brain waves. About 90 minutes after we go to sleep and after the fourth sleep stage, we begin REM sleep.Rapid eye movement (REM) was discovered in 1953 by University of Chicago researchers Eugene Aserinsky, a graduate student in physiology, and Nathaniel Kleitman, Ph.D., chair of physiology. REM sleep isprimarily characterized by movements of the eyes and is the fifth stage of sleep.How to Improve Your Dream RecallIt is said that five minutes after the end of a dream, we have forgotten 50 percent of the dream's content. Ten minutes later, we've forgotten 90 percent of its content. Why is that? We don't forget our daily actions that quickly. The fact that they are so hard to remember makes their importance seem less.There are many resources both on the Web and in print that willgive you tips on how to improve your recall of dreams. Those who believe we have a lot to learn about ourselves from our dreams are big proponents of dream journals. Here are some steps you can take to increase your dream recall:● When you go to bed, t ell yourself you will remember your dreams.● Set your alarm to go off every hour and half so you'll wake up around the times that you leave REM sleep -- when you're most likely to remember your dreams. (Or, drink a lot of water before you go to bed to ensure you have to wake up at least once in the middle of the night!)● Keep a pad and pencil next to your bed.● Try to wake up slowly to remain within the "mood" of your last dream. Common Dream Themes and Their Interpretations● Being naked in publ icMost of us have had the dream at some point that we're at school, work or some social event, and we suddenly realize we forgot to put on clothes! Experts say this means: ◆ We're trying to hide something (and without clothes we have a hard time doing that).◆ We're not prepared for something, like a presentation or test (and now everyone is going to know -- we're exposed!).If we're naked but no one notices, then the interpretation is that whatever we're afraid of is unfounded. If we don't care that we're naked, the interpretation is that we're comfortable with who we are.● FallingYou're falling, falling, falling... and then you wake up. This is a very common dream and is said to symbolize insecurities and anxiety. Something in your life is essentially out of control and there isnothing you can do to stop it. Another interpretation is that you have a sense of failure about something. Maybe you're not doing well in schoolor at work and are afraid you're going to be fired or expelled. Again, you feel that you can't control the situation.● Being chasedThe ever-popular chase dream can be extremely frightening. What it usually symbolizes is that you're running away from your problems. What that problem is depends on who is chasing you. It may be a problem at work, or it may be something about yourself that you know is destructive. For example, you may be drinking too much, and your dream may be telling you that your drinking is becoming a real problem.● Taking an exam (or forgetting that you have one)This is another very common dream. You suddenly realize you are supposed to be taking an exam at that very moment. You might be running through the hallways and can't find the classroom. This type of dreamcan have several variations that have similar meanings. (Maybe your pen won't write, so you can't finish writing your answers.) What experts say this may mean is that you're being scrutinized about something or feel you're being tested -- maybe you're facing a challenge you don't think you're up to. You don't feel prepared or able to hold up to the scrutiny. It may also mean there is something you've neglected that you know needs your attention.● FlyingMany flying dreams are the result of lucid dreaming (清醒梦). Notall flying dreams are, however. Typically, dreaming that you are flying means you are on top of things. You are in control of the things thatmatter to you. Or, maybe you've just gained a new perspective on things. It may also mean you are strong willed and feel like no one and nothing can defeat you. If you are having problems maintaining your flight, someone or something may be standing in the way of you having control. If you are afraid while flying, you may have challenges that you don't feel up to.● Running, but going now hereThis theme can also be part of the chasing dream. You're trying to run, but either your legs won't move or you simply aren't going anywhere -- as if you were on a treadmill (踏车). According to some, this dream means you have too much on your plate. You're trying to do too many things at once and can't catch up or ever get ahead.1. This passage mainly discusses different theories about why we have dreams at night.2. Early theories held that dreams were reflection of people’s real, physical worlds.3. According to physiological theories, dreaming allows us to sort through problems or events of the day that require our attention.4. REM occurs at the third and fourth stage during which we experience the deepest sleep.5. The reason why dreams do not seem important is that they are very difficult to remember.6. Trying to get recorded what you said or did in your dream can help increase your dream recall.7. If a person dreams he is naked but is not noticed by others, it means what he is afraid of is groundless.1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4.[Y][N][NG]5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7.[Y][N][NG]8. You re falling, falling, falling in your dream, which is said to symbolize .9. Being chased in a dream usually means that you’re escaping from your .10. One of the interpretations for flying dreams is that you are and nothing can defeat you.Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.A department store’s inputs include the l and upon which the building is located, the labor of the employees, (47) ______ in the form of building, equipment and merchandise, and the management skills of the store managers. On a farm, the operation system is the transformation that occurs when a fa rmer’s (48) ______ (land, equipment, labor, etc.) are converted into such outputs as corn, wheat or milk. The exact form of the conversion process (49) ______ from industry to industry, but it is an (50) ______phenomenon that exists in every industry. Economists refer to this (51) ______ of resources into goods and services as the production function. For all operation systems, the general goal is to create some kind of value-added outputs that are worth more to consumers than just the sum of the inputs. To the consumers, the resulting products (52) ______ utility due to the form, the time, or the place of their availability from the conversion process.However, the process is subject to random changes. Unplanned or uncontrollable influences may cause the actual output to differ from planned output. Random fluctuations can arise from external disruption(fire, floods or lightning, for example) or from (53) ______ problems inherent in the conversion process. Inherent variability of equipment, material imperfections, and human errors all affect output quality (54)______. In fact, random variations are the rule rather than the exception in production processes; therefore, (55) _____ variation becomes a major management task.The function of the feedback is to provide (56) ______ linkages. Without some feedback of information, management personnel cannot control operations because they don' t know the results of their directions.A) offerB) capitalC) mediumD)difficultE) variesF) differentlyG) proposalH) transformation I) beautifullyJ) economicK) reducingL) internalM) inputsN) affordO) informationSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured(施肥)a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillarsin the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatestnumber of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.Animals fight; so do savages (野蛮人); hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently --- this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done --- is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And it not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets --- while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life --- nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.57. In the opening sentence the author indicates that ________.A) most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers.B) those who truly helped civilization forward is rarely mentioned in history books.C) history books focus more on conquerors than on those who helped civilization forward.D) conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books.58. In the author’s opinion, the countries that rul ed over a large number of other countries are ________.A) certainly both the greatest and the most civilizedB) neither the most influential nor the most civilized.C) possibly the most civilized but not the most powerful.D) likely the greatest in some sense but not the most civilized.59. The meaning of “That is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.”(Last sentence of Paragraph 2) is that________.A) those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong.B) only those who are powerful have the right to go to war.C) those who are right should fight against those who are wrong.D) in a war only those who are powerful will win.60. In the third paragraph, what the author wants to convey to us is that ________.A) World War I and World War II are different from previous wars.B) our age is not much better than those of the past.C) modern time is not so civilized compared with the past.D) we have fought fewer wars but suffered heavier casualties.61. This passage is most likely taken from an article entitled________.A) War and World PeaceB) Creators of CivilizationC) Civilization and HistoryD) Who Should Be RememberedPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the massacre on the road may be regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmlesspeople or ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others.A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence. Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 per cent ofall automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychologicalcondition of the driver. Emotional upsets can distort drivers' reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one's emotions under control.Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined to drivers. Street walkers regularly violate traffic regulations; they are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents. And many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicle have been raised bothat the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident expertsstill worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task requiring constantcare and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things pose a threat to those with whom they share the road.62. The word “massacre” in line 3 paragraph one means _____A) mass-killing. B) disaster. C) tragedy. D) accident.63. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A) To show that the motor vehicle is a very dangerous invention.B) To promote understanding between careless drivers and street walkers.C) To discuss traffic problems and propose possible solutions.D) To warn drivers of the importance of safe driving.64. According to the passage, traffic accidents may be regarded asa social problem because _____.A) autos have become most destructive to mankindB) people usually pay little attention to law and moralityC) civilization brings much harm to peopleD) the lack of virtue is becoming more severe65. Why does the author mention the psychological condition of the driver in Paragraph Three?A) To give an example of the various reasons for road accidents.B) To show how important it is for drivers to be emotionally healthy.C) To show some of the inaccurate estimations by researchers.D) To illustrate the hidden tensions in the course of driving.66. Who are NOT mentioned as being responsible for the road accidents?A) Careless bicycle-riders.B) Mindless people walking in the street.C) Irresponsible drivers.D) Irresponsible manufactures of automobiles.Part V Cloze(15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Today the world's economy is going through two great changes, both bigger than an Asian financial crisis here or a European monetary union there.The first change is that a lot of industrial_67_is moving from the United States, Western Europe and Japan to _68 _countries in Latin America, South-East Asia and Eastern Europe. In 1950, the United States alone _69_ for more than half of the world's economy output. In 1990,its _70_ was down to a quarter. By 1990, 40% of IBM's employees werenon-Americans; Whirlpool, America's leading _71_ of domestic appliances, cut its American labor force _72_ 10%. Quite soon now, many big western companies will have more _73_ (and customers) in poor countries than in rich _74_ . The second great change is _75_, in the rich countries of the OECD, the balance of economic activity is _76_ from manufacturing to _77_. In the United States and Britain, the _78_ ofworkers in manufacturing has _79_ since 1900 from around 40% to barely half that_80_ in Germany and Japan, which rebuilt so many _81_ after 1945, manufacturing's share of jobs is now below 30%. The effect of the _82 is increased _83_ manufacturingmoves from rich countries to the developing ones, _84_ cheap labor _85_ them a sharp advantage in many of the _86_ tasks required by mass production.67. A. product B. production C. products D. productivity68. A. other B. small C. capitalistic D. developing69. A. accounted B. occupied C. played D. shared70. A. output B. development C. share D. economy71. A. state B. consumer C. representative D. supplier72. A. by B. at C. through D. in73. A. products B. market C. employees D. changes74. A. one B. ones C. times D. time75. A. what B. like C. that D. how76. A. ranging B. varying C. swinging D. getting77. A. producing B. products C. servicing D. services78. A. proportion B. number C. quantity D. group79. A. changed B. gone C. applied D. shrunk80. A. Furthermore B. Even C. Therefore D. Hence81. A. armies B. weapons C. factories D. countries82. A. question B. manufacturing C. shift D. rebuilding83. A. with B. as C. given D. if84. A. while B. whose C. who's D. which85. A. give B. is giving C. gives D. gave86. A. repetitive B. various C. creative D. enormousPart Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentence on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. (任何国家无论在什么情况下都不可以) have the right to use nuclear weapons.88. It’s essential that (他把一切准备好) before the examination .89. The population of America is not large (与中国相比).90. The beggar accepted the one-dollar note (甚至连一声谢谢都没说).91. Life is full of risks (不论你是否喜欢).答案Part 1 作文:(略)Part 2 快速阅读1. N2. Y3. N4. N5. Y6. NG7. Y8. insecurities and anxiety 9. problems 10.strong willedPart 3 听力Section A(11-15) BBBBB (16-20) CDDCD (21-25)CCCBCSection B(26-30) CDBAB (31-35) DDBBCSection C36. topic 37. exaggerated 38. confusing 39. compete40. application 41. handling 42. widespread 43. calculation44. Another example of the same sort of process has been the use of computers by banks to provide up-to-date records of client’s accounts.45. The most successful example is perhaps the use of computers by airlines to control seat reservation an provide information about flights.46. One could take a series of photographs of the area, from which, the amount of rise and fall of the landscape can be analyzed within a few inches.Part 4 阅读(Reading in Depth)Section A(47-51)B) capital; M) inputs; E) varies; J) economic; H) transformation(52-56)A) offer ; L) internal ; F)differently ; k) reducing; O) information; Section B(57-61)BDABC (62-66)ACBBDPart 5 完型(67-76) BDACD ACBCB (77-86) DADBC CBBCAPart 6 翻译87. Under no circumstances should any nation88. get everything ready89. as compared with that of China90. without so much as saying thanks91. whether you like it or not。
1+X职业技能鉴定考核指导手册四级秘书题(含答案)
理论知识复习题秘书基础理论一．判断题1.秘书活动的基本方式是处理事务和提供信息。
（对）2.从秘书的来源与服务对象划分，可分为普通秘书和专职秘书两大类。
（错）3.秘书工作包括的内容，其依据，一是国家劳动和社会保障部2003年新颁布的秘书国家职业标准的规定，二是现实状况的总结。
（对）4.秘书工作在领导活动中，没有决定权和指挥权，只有参谋建议、管理日常事务的责任和义务。
（对）二．单项选择题1.“秘书”同教师‘律师’护士等一样是一种职业的称呼，在授权范围内，为领导者提供辅助性‘事务性和（中介性）服务的专业人员。
2.秘书职业属于（现代服务业）3.从秘书工作的性质划分有（行政秘书、机要秘书、生活秘书等）4.（行政秘书）可称为“行政助理”。
5.根据秘书的（职务层次）划分，秘书可分为初级秘书、中级秘书、高级秘书。
6.秘书工作内容大致分为三大类：（日常事务性工作、管理工作、沟通协调工作）7以下不属于日常事务性工作的一项是（督查工作、协调工作）8.秘书工作的基本职责包括（辅助性、事务性、协调性）9.（辅助性）是秘书工作的基本特性。
10.领导工作要适应新形势，掌握新情况，及时制定新的决策，就更需要秘书人员发挥（协调作用）。
11.解决单位内部部门之间的矛盾，需要发挥秘书的（协调）作用。
12.职业道德是从事一定职业的人们在职业劳动中必须遵循的（行为规范）的总和。
13.秘书的职业道德修养主要是指秘书职业道德（行为）的修养。
14.“爱业敬业、忠于职守”，作为秘书职业道德规范来说，最重要的是（严格履行职责，埋头苦干）。
法律与法规一、判断题1.劳动合同的补充条款是合同当事人在协商一致的基础上约定的其他内容，它并不是每份劳动合同所必备的。
（）2.按照《劳动合同法》规定，用人单位未按照劳动合同约定提供劳动保护或者劳动条件的，劳动者可以立即解除劳动合同，不需要事先告知用人单位。
（错）3.在劳动派遣关系中，劳动合同存在于派遣单位与劳动者之间，而劳动支付发生在劳动者与用工单位之间。
秘书工作实务题(1)答案
秘书工作实务题(1)答案本页仅作为文档封面，使用时可以删除This document is for reference only-rar21year.March秘书工作实务题（一）会议的组织与管理1．某公司准备召开一次重要的临时会议，该公司的总经理让秘书陈红向公司的各主管部门发送此次会议的通知。
陈红没有向各级主管发送通知，她想反正是内部会议，只要在公司的墙报上贴一张通知就可以了。
请指出陈红张贴会议通知的做法存在着什么样的错误，以及可能造成什么样的后果？参考答案：（1）陈红忽视了一个问题，即此次会议虽然是公司内部会议，却是临时召开的重要会议，并非公司例会，因此发送会议通知时，不宜像公司例会那样采取墙报通知的会议通知方式。
（5分）（2）陈红的这种做法可能导致那些正在外面工作的一些主管未能及时看到这个通知，造成主管们不能准时到会，甚至缺席。
（5分）2．某公司将于下周在公司内举办一次重要的产品技术研讨会，秘书小丽负责为该公司各主管准备会议所需要的文件资料。
由于会议文件资料很多，且会议事务繁忙，因此小丽就仓促地为各位主管准备了一个文件夹，将所有资料放入文件夹。
请问小丽准备会议文件资料的做法有什么不妥之处假如有三个主管在会前回复说有事不能参加会议，那么你认为秘书小丽需要为这三个主管准备会议文件资料吗为什么参考答案：（1）秘书小丽在准备会议的文件资料时，应事先整理归类所有的资料，而不应该仓促地为各位主管准备一个文件夹。
这样会出现有的主管面对一大堆的资料不知如何找到想看的资料的情况，从而影响会议的进度。
（5分）（2）我认为秘书小丽应该为这三位可能不能参加会议的主管准备会议文件资料，避免出现正式开会时这三位主管又突然赶回来，造成会上有的主管因没有资料可看而无法发表意见的情况。
（5分）3．某公司准备召开为期两天的新产品推广会，邀请了国内外十几家合作公司的管理人员、技术人员近百人参加。
秘书小华负责安排接站报到工作，但因为他缺乏一定的经验，致使部分与会人员没能找到接站处，影响了按时报到，因而损害了公司的良好形象。
2023上半年英语四级仔细阅读模拟题及答案1
2023上半年英语四级仔细阅读模拟题及答案12023上半年英语四级仔细阅读模拟题及答案(1)There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a familial disease. Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments, familial diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of oneenvironment factor commonly shared by families, namely dietary salt (i.e., sodium chloride), has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that long excess salt intake can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.By mating long successive generations of those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt intake, a resistant strain (the " R" strain) has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly. In contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt, sensitive strain (the "S" strain) has also been developed.The availability of these two strains permits investigations possible. They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human hypertension. More important, there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility (敏感性) of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance. Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.21. The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out_______.A. as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of saltB. to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substanceC. because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressureD. because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives22. The main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their_______.A. need for sodium 22B. rate of matingC. reaction to saltD. type of blood23. We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can be used to_______.A. control high blood pressureB. cure high blood pressure caused by saltC. tell the "S" rats from the "R" ratsD. determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like24. The most beneficial results of the research might be_______.A. development of diets free of saltB. an early cure for high blood pressureC. control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressureD. the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims25. Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?A. When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.B. The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.C. The medical field is desperately in need of research.D. A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.答案21. A 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. D。
2023年12月英语四级考试模拟题及答案
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled “How to Conduct Patriotic Education Among the Youth of Today”. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 我国爱国主义教育旳现实状况;2. 爱国主义教育旳重要意义;3. 怎样在青少年中开展爱国主义教育?Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Work-life balance: Ways to restore harmony and reduce stressFinding work-life balance in today’s frenetically (疯狂) paced world is no simple task.Spend more time at work than at home, and you miss out on a rewarding personal life. Then again, when you face challenges in your personal life, such as caring for an aging parent or coping with marital problems, concentrating on your job can be difficult.Whether the problem is too much focus on work or too little, when your work life andyour personal life feel out of balance, stress — along with its harmful effects — is the result.The good news is that you can take control of your work-life balance — and giveyourself the time to do the things that are most important to you. The first step is to recognize how the world of work has changed. Then you can evaluate your relationship to work and apply some specific strategies for striking a healthier balance.How work invades your personal lifeThere was a time when employees showed up for work Monday through Friday and workedeight- to nine-hour days. The boundaries between work and home were fairly clear then. But the world has changed and, unfortunately, the boundaries have blurred for many workers. Here’s why:●Global economy. As more skilled workers enter the global labor market and companies outsource or move more jobs to reduce labor costs, people feel pressured to work longer and produce more just to protect their jobs.●International business. Work continues around the world 24 hours a day for some people. If you work in an international organization, you might be on call around the clock for troubleshooting or consulting.●Advanced communication technology. Many people now have the ability to work anywhere — from their home, from their car and even on vacation. And some managers expect this.●Longer hours. Employers commonly ask employees to work longer hours than they’re scheduled. Often, overtime is mandatory (强制性旳). If you hope to move up the career ladder, you may find yourself regularly working more than 40 hours a week to achieve and exceed expectations.●Changes in family roles. Today’s marrie d worker is typically part of a dual-career couple, which makes it difficult to find time to meet commitments to family, friends and community.Married to your workIt can be tempting to rack up the hours at work —especially if you’re trying to earna promotion or some extra money for a child’s education or a dream vacation. For others, working more hours feels necessary in order to manage the workload.But if you’re spending most of your time at work, your home life will likely pay the price. Consider the pros and cons of working extra hours on your work-life balance:●Fatigue. Your ability to think and your eye-hand coordination decrease when you’re tired. This means you’re less productive and may make more mistakes. These mistakes canlead to injury or rework and negatively impact your professional reputation.●Family. You may miss out on important events, such as your child’s first bike ride, your father’s 60th birthday or your high-school reunion. Missing out on important milestones may harm relationships with your loved ones.●Friends. Trusted friends are a key part of your support system. But if you’re spending time at the office instead of with them, you’ll find it difficult to nurture those friendships.●Expectations. If you regularly wo rk extra hours, you may be given more responsibility. This could create a never-ending and increasing cycle, causing more concerns and challenges.Sometimes working overtime is important. If you work for a company that requires mandatory overtime, you wo n’t be able to avoid it, but you can learn to manage it. Most importantly, say no when you’re too tired, when it’s affecting your health or when you have crucial family obligations.Striking the best work-life balanceFor most people, juggling (巧妙处理) the demands of career and personal life is an ongoing challenge. With so many demands on your time — from overtime to family obligations — it can feel difficult to strike this balance. The goal is to make time for the activities that are the most important to you.Here are some ideas to help you find the balance that’s best for you:●Learn to say no. Whether it’s a co-worker asking you to spearhead (充当先锋) an extra project or your child’s teacher asking you to manage the class play, remember that it’s OK to respectfully say no. When you quit doing the things you only do out of guilt or a false sense of obligation, you’ll make more room in your life for the activities that are meaningful to you and bring you joy.●Leave work at work. Make a conscious deci sion to separate work time from personal time. When with your family, for instance, turn off your cell phone and put away your laptop computer.●Manage your time. Organize household tasks efficiently. Do one or two loads of laundry every day, rather than saving it all for your day off. A weekly family calendar of important dates and a daily list of to-dos will help you avoid deadline panic. If your employer offersa course in time management, sign up for it.●Get enough sleep. There’s nothing as stressful and potentially dangerous as working when you’re sleep-deprived. Not only is your productivity affected, but also you can make costly mistakes. You may then have to work even more hours to make up for these mistakes.●Communicate clearly. Limit time-consuming misunderstandings by communicating clearly and listening carefully. Take notes if necessary.●Nurture yourself. Set aside time each day for an activity that you enjoy, such as walking, working out or listening to music.●Set aside one night each week for recreation. Take the phone off the hook, power down the computer and turn off the TV. Discover activities you can do with your partner, family or friends, such as playing golf, fishing or canoeing. Making time for activities you enjoy will rejuvenate (使年轻) you.Remember, striking a work-life balance isn’t a one-shot deal. Creating balance in your life is a continuous process. Balance doesn’t mean doing everything. Examine yourpriorities and set boundaries. Be firm in what you can and cannot do. Only you can restore harmony to your lifestyle.1. What will happen if your work life and personal life feel out of balance?A) You will have little time to finish your work.B) You may feel stress, which will affect you negatively.C) You will have a lot of time to share with your family.D) You will never balance the combination of life and work.2. The boundaries between work and home have blurred for the following reasons, EXCEPT _______.A) global economy B) changes in family rolesC) advanced communication technology D) high divorce rate3. What will happen if you’re spending most of your time at work?A) You will lose both health and wealth. B) You will be hated by your loved ones.C) You will lose all your friends. D) You may be given more responsibility.4. According to the passage, you’d better say no to mandatory overtime when_______________.A) you get bored with the work B) you are not interested in the workC) you can’t get additional allowance D) you have crucial fa mily obligations5. What does the underlined sentence mean?A) You should do the things people ask you to do without feeling guilty.B) You shouldn’t do the things people ask you to do if you don’t want to.C) To do things people ask you to do can bring you a lot of joy.D) To do things for yourself is more meaningful than to do things for others.6. What will NOT happen if you don’t get enough sleep?A) You will feel stressed while working. B) You will have no sense of exhaustion.C) You can make costly mistakes. D) You will have low productivity.7. What does the real balance mean according to the author?A) Examining priorities and deciding what is the most important to you.B) Doing everything you want to do whether you can do it or not.C) Saying yes to everybody in order to maintain good relationships.D) Being firm that working overtime will strike a work-life balance.8. Spend more time at work than at home, and you won’t have enough time to enjoy your _______________.9. You have slow responses and your eye-hand coordination decreases when you’re________.10. You can save a lot of time and avoid misunderstandings if you communicate clearly and____________.Part III Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)■ Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.Major retailers and car manufacturers have slashed (削减) their marketing budgets in the six months to October, 2023, as the financial crisis has taken its toll, while supermarkets have 11 advertising spending in a battle to prove that they offer the most 12 prices.According to new research undertaken for The Daily Telegraph by Nielsen Media Research, in the six months to September 30, 2023, Marks & Spencer’s advertising spend fell 20.3pc to ￡25.3m, 13 with the same period in 2023.While the retailer has spent heavily on a campaign 14 celebrities in the past two years, it is understood to be cutting back on celebrity spending in 2023. The retailer is, however, still the UK’s 25th largest spender on advertising,15 being at 17th place in the six months to September 30, 2023.Car manufacturers have also significantly 16 back on marketing spending, believed to be a result of the financial crisis. According to Nielsen, Ford spent ￡26.6m in the six months to September 30, 2023, down 21pc from the same period last year. Vauxhall also 17 spending by 15.6pc in the period to ￡26.5m.For supermarkets, however, a significant increase in advertising spending, it appears,is a 18 as they seek to woo (追求) increasingly price- 19 customers. The leading supermarkets have 20 an aggressive price war in the past six months as consumers have been faced with news of higher food prices.A) conscientious I) necessityB) conscious J) contributionC) against K) reducedD) despite L) moreoverE) comparing M) scaledF) compared N) competitiveG) launched O) featuringH) boosted■ Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There are more than 2,000 different kinds of mosquitoes. Female mosquitoes bite people to drink their blood. Male mosquitoes do not drink blood. They drink fluids from plants. Thefemale mosquito uses its thin sucking tube to break the skin, find blood and inject the victim with a substance that keeps blood flowing.The female mosquito drinks the blood and uses it to produce as many as 250 eggs. The insect leaves the eggs in any standing water.The eggs produce worm-like creatures called larvae (幼虫) in two days to a few months. However, some eggs can stay in water for years until conditions are right for development. The larvae feed on organisms in the water. After four to ten days, they change again, into creatures called pupas (蛹). The pupas rise to the surface of the water. Adult mosquitoes pull themselves out of the pupas and fly away.The World Health Organization (WHO) says mosquitoes carry organisms that cause disease and death for millions of people throughout the world. The most important disease spread by mosquitoes is malaria (疟疾). The WHO says 247 million people became infected with malaria in 2023. Malaria caused almost one million deaths, mostly among children in Africa. The disease is found in more than one hundred countries in Africa, Asia, the western Pacific Ocean, the Middle East and Central and South America.Malaria parasites (寄生虫) enter a person’s blood through a mosquito bite. These organisms travel to the liver. They grow and divide there. After a week or two, the parasites invade red blood cells and reproduce thousands of times. They cause the person’s body temperature to rise. They also may destroy major organs. People with malaria may suffer kidney failure or loss of red blood cells.Some medicines are generally effective in preventing and treating malaria. They are designed to prevent the parasites from developing in the body. People die from malaria because they are not treated for the disease or the treatment is delayed.21. According to the passage, we can infer that _________.A) female mosquitoes don’t bite animalsB) female mosquitoes bite people for a substance that keeps blood flowingC) malaria is found everywhere in the worldD) countries in Europe and North America have low malaria death rate22. What is the right order in which mosquitoes grow?a. Adult mosquitoes pull themselves out of the pupas and fly away.b. The larvae change into creatures called pupas.c. The insect leaves the eggs in any standing water.d. The eggs produce worm-like creatures called larvae.A) c, a, b, d B) d, c, b, a C) c, d, b, a D) d, b, c, a23. According to the WHO, the organisms carried by mosquitoes __________.A) are the food for larvaeB) have led to the death of millions of people in the worldC) invade red blood cells first and then destroy major organsD) can enter a person’s brain through the mosquito’s bite24. According to the passage, malaria medicines are generally designed to _______.A) keep people’s bo dy temperature at a normal levelB) prevent parasites from entering people’s skinsC) stop parasites from growing inside the bodyD) stop parasites from invading red blood cells25. What is the passage mainly talking about?A) The growing process of mosquitoes and the diseases spread by them.B) The medicines used in preventing and treating malaria.C) The kinds of mosquitoes in the world today.D) The larvae of mosquitoes feed on organisms in the water.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Conservationists call them hot spots — habitats that cover just 1.4 percent of the earth’s land surface but are so rich in biological diversity that preserving them could keep an astonishing number of plant and animal species off the endangered list.Since 1988, when Dr. Norman Myers and his colleagues began describing these hot spots in a series of scientific papers and arguing for their protection, they have become a focus of worldwide conservation efforts. Private organizations and government agencies, including the World Bank, have made preserving 25 such ecological arks a top priority for financing and protective legislation. But a growing chorus of scientists is warning that directing conservation funds to hot spots may be a recipe for major losses in the future. Of species that live on land, nearly half of all plants and more than a third of all animals are found only in the hot spots. But they do not include many rare species and major animal groupsthat live in l ess biologically rich regions (“cold spots”). And the hot-spot concept does not factor in the importance of some ecosystems to human beings, the scientists argue.This debate has been simmering quietly among biologists for years; however, it is coming to a boil now with the publication of an article in the current issue of American Scientist arguing that “calls to direct conservation funding to the world’s biodiversity hot spots may be bad investment advice.” “The hot-spot concept has grown so popular in recent years within the larger conservation community that it now risks eclipsing all other approaches,” write the authors of the paper. “The officers and directors of all too many foundations, non-governmental organizations and international agencies have been seduced by thesimplicity of the hot spot idea,” they go on. “We worry that the initially appealing idea of getting the most species per unit area is, in fact, a thoroughly misleading strategy.”But hot spots have their ardent defenders, notably Dr. Norman Myers and Dr. Russell Mittermeier. Dr. Myers says hot spots have been successful at attracting attention and financing for conservation in tropical countries. “And that has been good,” he said. “No one is suggesting that one invest solely in hot spots, but if you want to avoid extinctions, you have to invest in them.”26. The best title for this passage would be ________.A) A Debate on Preserving Hot Spots B) An Introduction to Hot SpotsC) Hot Spots vs. Cold Spots D) How to Finance Hot Spots27. Hot spots occupy a small percentage of the earth’s land surface with _____________.A) a third of all plants B) many major animal groups living in cold spotsC) rich biological diversity D) many rare species living in cold spots28. Critics of hot spots hold the opinion that ________.A) hot spots are always as important as cold spotsB) it is unwise to invest largely in hot spotsC) governments should choose the best time to invest in hot spotsD) the hot-spot approach is a misleading strategy from the very beginning29. According to Dr. Norman Myers, _________.A) protecting and investing in hot spots can save species from extinctionB) conservation efforts should not center on hot spotsC) governments should invest most in cold spotsD) the hot-spot approach now is not as good as it was in the past30. What is the writer’s attitude towards the hot-spot approach?A) Critical. B) Neutral. C) Supportive. D) Doubtful.Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Two million years ago, just as the Earth’s primitive apemen were evolving into big-brained humans, a pair of supernovae explosions occurred near Earth. Our planet was buffeted (冲击) with blasts of radiation —with 31 effects. “These supernovae would 32 away our protective ozone layer,” said Dr Narciso Benitez of Johns Hopkins University. Earth lostits protection 33 ultraviolet light. All sorts of mutational (突变) damage to animals’ DNAwould have occurred. New species could have emerged 34 . It is possible that Homo sapiens (智人) may have been one of these.The likely 35 of a supernova’s radiation led scient ists in the past 36 that one may have affected 37 on Earth. Benitez now believes that 38 two supernovae occurred near Earth two million years ago: The first would have blasted space free 39 interstellar particles; and the second would have struck Earth at full force, 40 its ozone layer.Observations of space around our Sun have revealed that, 41 the rest of the galaxy, space near us has little interstellar gas in it. “ 42 it is missing much of its dust and gas —just as if a supernova 43 it out,” added Maíz-Apellániz. 44 , our tiny corner of the galaxy appears to have been swept clean by a supernova brush about two million years ago; and intriguingly, at just this time, a set of extinctions — known as the Pliocene (上新世) / Pleistocene (更新世) extinctions — is also known 45 .It was also around this time that mankind’s direct ancestor, Homo erectus, the species 46 to be the first true human being, appeared in Africa and Asia after 47 more primitiveape-like creatures. These beings may have been some of the lucky few who were able to 48 advantage of conditions in these hazardous, radioactive 49 . This triumph only occurred thanks to this celestial (上天旳) 50 , however.31. A) devastate B) devastating C) devastated D) devastation32. A) blow B) have blown C) blew D) be blowing34. A) as a result of B) as a result C) the end result D) from the result of35. A) compact B) contact C) intact D) impact36. A) speculate B) speculating C) to speculate D) speculated37. A) evolution B) revolution C) resolution D) solution38. A) at least B) at most C) at first D) at last39. A) with B) without C) at D) of40. A) destroyed B) to destroy C) destroying D) destroy41. A) unlikely B) likely C) unlike D) dislike42. A) Definitely B) Obviously C) Eventually D) Essentially43. A) would clean B) cleaned C) have cleaned D) had cleaned44. A) In word B) In words C) In other words D) In a word45. A) to occur B) to have occurred C) occurring D) have occurred46. A) considered B) was considered C) considering D) being considered47. A) placing B) replacing C) being placed D) being replaced49. A) reasons B) results C) spaces D) times50. A) invention B) intervention C) convention D) creationPart V Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.51. Don’t get involved in love games too early. _______ (要是……该怎么办) you suffer from failure in love?52. That car ___________________(尽给我添麻烦) ever since I bought it.53. _______________________ (努力不吸入) the vapor, Thomas turned his head.54. But for his wife’s encouragement, he _____________ (就不能发明那个机器).55. It _________________________ (直到得到有关当局旳同意) that we can start the job.Part I WritingOne possible version:How to Conduct Patriotic Education Among the Youth of TodayThese years have seen a widespread neglect of patriotic education in our society. According to some official reports, many patriotic education centers have been closed down or kept open to the public for other more profitable purposes, while many of our national heroes have given way to today’s pop stars in youth’s minds. If this current is allowed to run its course, I am afraid, things are bound to turn for the worse, with less and less sense of patriotism left in the youth.The significance of patriotic education to our society can be seen from the following perspectives: Patriotic education can make youth more aware of the glorious history and culture of our nation, thus building up their sense of pride as Chinese. Furthermore, patriotic education helps youth value today’s hard-earned life so as to hold dearer their golden chances of enriching themselves with knowledge in peace.So the most pressing issue for us now is how to effectively instill patriotism in the youth of today. In my opinion, the first step should be focused upon giving fuller play to the potential of patriotic education centers instead of running them for the purpose of making money. Then, greater efforts must be made to integrate patriotic education into the curriculums throughout a student’s education. In short, where there is effective patriotic education of youth, there is a greater enhancement of national cohesion.Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)1. B)。
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秘书四级模拟试题一一、单项选择题。
每小题只有一个最恰当的答案请在答题卡上将所选答案的相应字母涂黑。
1、下列文书中，属于通用公文的是（C ）。
（A）请柬（B）启事（C）决定（D）合同2、公文用纸采用国际标准（A）型纸。
（A）A4 （B）B4 （C）A5 （D）B53、下列标注的公文的秘密等级最低的是（B ）。
（A）绝密（B）秘密（C）机密（D）隐秘4、应用文材料运用的四个环节依次是（A）。
（A）占有、鉴别、选择、使用（B）鉴别、占有、选择、使用（C）选择、占有、鉴别、使用（D）选择、鉴别、占有、使用5、下列方法属于计算机热启动的是（B）。
（A）按住“Shift + Ctrl”键（B）同时按住“Ctrl + Alt +Del”键（C）按住“Ctr”键（D）按住“Shift”键#6、单元格C3中的公式被复制到单元格D3中，单元格D3中的格式将会变为（A）。
（A）=C1+C2+E6 （B）=B1+B2+D6 （C）=C2+C3+E7 （D）=C+C1+E57、目前全球性英特网所采用的主要协议是（C ）。
（A）FTP/IP （B）PTT/IP （C）TCP/IP （D）CTP/IP#8、输入“1234567689123”时，Excel会用（C ）来显示该数字。
（A）“1.23E+11”（B）“1.23E+10”（C）“1.23E+12”（D）“1.23E+13”9、以下说法不正确的是（D）。
（A）幻灯片设计中，在“图案”选项卡中，可以为幻灯片添加背景图案（B）设计好幻灯片后，单击“确定”按钮返回“背景”对话框（C）双击“幻灯片窗格”中的表格占位符，即可出现“插入表格”对话框（D）幻灯片中不可以添加自定义的图片10、拆分单元格的第一步是（A）。
（A）选定要拆分的一个或多个单元格（B）单击“表格”中的“拆分单元格”命令（C）输入每个单元格要拆分的行数和列数（D）单击“确定”按钮11、（C）是用来增强机构内部网络安全性的一个或一组系统。
（A）防火墙（B）超链接（C）安全设置（D）搜索引擎12、网络沟通的优势不包括（D）。
（A）极大的降低了沟通成本，提高沟通效率（B）实现了沟通的及时性和平等的要求（C）在防火墙技术的支持下提高了即时信息的安全感（D）实现了不平等主体之间的沟通13、在不同的情况中使用同一个词汇或在相同情形下使用不同的词汇有时意义不同，因此在沟通时要注意避免（B）。
（A）地位与职务障碍（B）语义障碍（C）文化背景的差异（D）感觉失真14、纵向沟通中，（A）是沟通的主体。
（A）从上而下的下行沟通（B）从下而上的上行沟通（C）从上而下和从下而上的沟通（D）横向沟通15、组织与员工之间出现矛盾、对立和冲突属于（A ）。
（A）组织内部危机（B）组织外部危机（C）已经出现的危机（D）即将形成的危机16、汉字速记就是以（C）为主，结合各种省略方法，进行快速记录。
（A）拼音（B）笔画（C）汉字（D）字母17、下列不属于现代企业制度基本特征的是（C）。
（A）产权清晰（B）权责明确（C）账目清晰（D）、管理科学18、（B）是企业有意识地提倡、培养职工群体的优良精神风貌。
（A）企业哲学（B）企业精神（C）企业风气（D）企业道德19、下列不属于企业文化物质层的是（D）。
（A）企业名称（B）企业外貌（C）企业纪念品（D）企业制度20、能为企业的长期稳定发展提供保障。
这是企业文化的（D）功能。
（A）激励（B）导向（C）凝聚（D）稳定21、CIS设计的（C）原则，就是要正视企业的劣势和不足。
（A）全方位推进（B）以公众为中心（C）事实求是（D）求异创新22、由于团队的每个人都有不同的背景，具有不同的技能和知识，所以在团队里要（C）。
（A）要有高效率（B）要互相信任（C）要求同存异（D）要有恰当的方法#23、公共关系的工作程序是（A）。
（A）调查—计划—实施—评估（B）计划—调查—实施—评估（C）计划—实施—调查—评估（D）评估—计划—实施—调查24、下列各项不属于会计科目中资产类的是（D）。
（A）现金（B）银行存款（C）固定资产（D）应付工资25、不属于CIS内容的是（B）。
（A）MI （B）CI （C）BI （D）VI26、（B ）是为完成议题而作出的顺序计划。
(A) 会议日程(B) 会议议程(C) 会议程序(D) 会议安排27、编制会议议程的时候，（A）的话题一般放在后面。
(A) 保密性较强(B) 保密性较弱(C) 简单(D) 复杂28、下列哪项不属于会议议程和会议日程的区别（D ）。
(A) 会议议程是对会议所要通过的文件、所要解决的问题的概略安排(B) 会议日程是指会议在一定时间内的具体安排(C) 议程一旦确定，就不应再变(D) 日程一旦确定，就不应再变29、（B ）可以准确具体地体现会议目标。
(A) 会议内容(B) 会议主题(C) 会议形式(D) 会议日程30、（D）就可以避免会议安排中的各种变化。
(A) 制定计划(B) 专人监督(C) 奖罚分明(D) 密切联络#31、在主席台的桌上，于每个座位的（A）放置姓名台签。
(A) 左侧(B) 右侧(C) 前方(D) 正中32、文件编号一般印在文件首页的（A）。
(A) 左上角(B) 左下角(C) 右上角(D) 右下角33、就餐方式可根据会议的（B）来确定。
(A) 时间和地点(B) 规模和性质(C) 与会者的身份(D) 主办方的背景34、一般要在会议开始前（B）小时打开空调设备预冷或预热。
(A) 1小时(B) 2小时(C) 半小时(D) 3小时35、由（C）撰写新闻报道稿件。
(A) 领导(B) 新闻媒体(C) 秘书(D) 主持人36、会议记录要求不添加、不遗漏、依实而记，是对其（B ）的要求。
(A) 速度(B) 准确(C) 清楚(D) 突出重点#37、（C）是简报质量的体现。
(A) 真实(B) 短小(C) 快(D) 生动38、对个别领取会议文件后未到会或提前离会的人员，及时采取（B ）的方法。
(A) 个别约见(B) 个别催退(C) 清退(D) 限时交退39、（A ）是积极的反馈，是一种正面的强化指导。
(A) 正面指导反馈(B) 负面强化反馈(C) 建设性反馈(D) 阶段性反馈40、大会文件基本上是按（B ）进行排列的。
(A) 内容多少(B) 重要程度和时间(C) 编号(D) 所属部门41、（D）是记载研究讨论性或总结交流性会议的情况。
(A) 办公会议纪要(B) 工作会议纪要(C ) 协调会议纪要(D) 研讨会议纪要#42、广义会议成本不包括（D）。
(A) 时间成本(B) 金钱成本(C) 机会成本(D) 人员成本43、在接待过程中，要特别注意做好（B）。
(A) 礼仪工作(B) 保密工作(C ) 介绍工作(D) 引见工作44、见到客人后，（A）应主动伸手握手。
(A) 主人(B) 客人(C ) 主人陪同人员(D) 客人陪同人员45、餐桌中间的转盘要（A）。
(A) 顺时针转(B) 逆时针转(C) 都可以(D) 有位尊者决定46、电话最好（B）平方米范围内一部。
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 747、（A）具有介绍和证明双重作用。
(A) 介绍信(B) 推荐信(C) 决议书(D) 证明48、上司在向秘书下达指示时，（B）的形式是主要的。
(A) 指令(B) 口授(C) 示意(D) 笔授#49、时间管理中，紧急而不重要的事情属于（B ）。
(A) A 类(B) B类(C) C类(D) D类50、周时间安排表是在（C ）的基础上制定的。
(A) 年度计划(B) 季度计划(C) 月计划(D) 每天的计划51、（C）是提醒购买者库存需要重新订购的标准。
(A) 最大库存量(B) 最小库存量(C) 再订货量(D) 库存总量52、选择供应商时，首先应考虑的是（B）。
(A) 质量(B) 价格(C) 服务(D) 安全53、（B）是指数码相机的CCD在较暗或较亮的光线下会丢失部分细节。
(A) 限亮(B) 限幅(C) 限度(D) 限制54、数码相机是采用（A）来记录的。
(A) 磁带(B) 光盘(C) 软盘(D) 硬盘#55、光盘刻录机的（B）是指支持的空白光盘片的种类。
(A) 软件兼容性(B) 硬件兼容性(C) 兼容性(D) 种类兼容性#56、（A ）是信息的宝库。
(A) 图书馆(B) 电视(C) 网络(D) 报纸57、（C）是沟通、上下、联系员工的桥梁。
(A) 指示(B) 新闻稿(C) 企业内部刊物(D) 新闻发布会58、（B）有目的、有重点、主动收集信息的重要方法。
(A) 收集(B) 调查(C) 储藏(D) 利用59、信息的（C ）是对收集到的大量信息进行鉴别和选择。
(A) 收集(B) 整理(C) 筛选(D) 利用60、（B）是对经过初步甄别的信息作进一步的校验核实。
(A) 筛选(B) 校核(C) 重组(D) 采集二、多项选择题。
每小题有两个或两个以上正确答案，请在答题卡上将所选答案的相应字母涂黑。
错选、少选、多选，均不得分。
61、在编排会议议程的时候，应遵循以下原则（AC ）。
（A）按照议案的轻重缓急编排处理的先后次序（B）按照议案的复杂程度编排处理的先后次序（C）每一个议案应预估所需的处理时间并清楚地标示出来（D）每一个议案应预估所需的处理时间但不需要标示出来62、会议议题的作用（BC ）。
（A）控制会议的延续时间（B）准确具体地体现会议目标，为会议目标服务（C）引导和制约会议的发言（D）扩大发言的选择面63、对会议地点进行确认时的核对细目包括（ABCD ）。
（A）检查考虑中的全部会议室或场地（B）检查会议登记部门、会议管理服务部门以及其他所在地（C）检查膳食供应（D）了解交通及停车设施64、下列说法不正确的有（BD ）。
（A）在邀请嘉宾前，先要确定嘉宾的名单（B）有些嘉宾可以不发出正式邀请（C）要了解嘉宾各自的背景，处理好嘉宾之间的关系（D）为了热闹，嘉宾人数越多越好65、会议主持人的礼仪有（ABCD ）。
（A）衣着整洁，庄重大方（B）站立时应双腿并拢，腰背挺直（C）坐姿主持时，应身体挺直，双臂前伸（D）言谈应口齿清楚，思维敏捷66、会议值班工作的内容有（ABC ）。
（A）值班电话纪录（B）值班接待记录（C）值班日记（D）会议记录67、从媒体的性质分，可以将媒体分为（CD ）。
（A）全国性媒体（B）地区性媒体（C）大众类媒体（D）专业类媒体68、会议记录的内容有（ABCD ）。
（A）会议描述（B）与会者姓名（C）缺席者请假条（D）通讯情况69、会议简报的要求有（ABCD ）。
（A）真实准确（B）短小精悍（C）快（D）生动活泼70、会议信息的作用有（ABCD）。
（A）利用信息，保证会议的顺利进行（B）利用信息进行会议沟通（C）利用信息进行催办（D）利用信息为商务活动服务71、清理文件的办法是（ABCD ）。