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WH-NB73 说明书

WH-NB73 说明书

WH-NB73说明书文件版本:V1.0.7NB-IoT技术特点:⏹强链接:在同一基站的情况下,NB-IoT可以比现有无线技术提高50-100倍的接入数;⏹高覆盖:NB-IoT室内覆盖能力强,比LTE提升20dB增益,相当于提升了100倍覆盖区域能力;⏹低功耗:低功耗特性是物联网应用一项重要指标,特别对于一些不能经常更换电池的设备和场合;⏹低成本:与LoRa相比,NB-IoT无需重新建网,射频和天线基本上都是复用的。

WH-NB73功能特点⏹针对电信,移动和联通的NB-IoT网络分别有对应型号的模块提供;⏹支持1路UDP简单透传模式⏹支持7路UDP指令传输模式⏹支持CoAP模式;⏹支持发送注册包功能;⏹支持串口和网络心跳包功能;⏹支持超低功耗模式;⏹支持3GPP标准指令集;⏹支持稳恒标准扩展指令集目录WH-NB73说明书 (1)1.快速入门 (4)1.1.产品简介 (4)1.2.产品选型 (4)1.3.版本功能说明 (6)1.4.关于NB-IoT网络 (6)1.5.关于低功耗机制 (6)1.6.基本参数 (7)1.7.快速入门测试—透传云 (7)1.8.快速入门测试—UDP透传 (9)2.工作模式 (12)2.1简单透传模式 (13)2.2AT指令模式 (14)3.串口 (21)3.1基本参数 (21)3.2成帧机制 (21)4扩展功能 (22)4.1心跳包 (22)4.2注册包 (23)5参数设置 (24)5.1AT指令配置 (24)5.1.1如何进入AT指令模式 (24)5.1.2如何退出AT指令模式 (25)6AT指令集 (25)7联系方式 (28)8免责声明 (29)9更新历史 (30)1.快速入门1.1. 产品简介WH-NB73是为实现串口设备与网络服务器,通过运营商NB-IoT网络相互传输数据而开发的产品,特别适合电池供电的使用场景,通过简单的AT指令进行设置,即可轻松使用本产品实现串口到网络的双向数据透明传输。

WTD93LG 用户手册说明书

WTD93LG 用户手册说明书

本产品的用户使用手册文档版权归上海辉度智能系统有限公司所有,其保留所有权力。

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凡使用本系列产品除产品质量所造成的损害,上海辉度智能系统有限公司不承担任何法律责任。

上海辉度智能系统有限公司有义务提供本系列产品可靠而详尽资料,但保留修订权利,且不承担使用者非法利用资料对第三方所造成侵害构成的法律责任。

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公司:上海辉度智能系统有限公司网址:电话:(86-21)37774020传真:(86-21)37774010邮编:201100邮箱:****************地址:上海闵行区中春路7001号明谷科技园目录第一章基本介绍 (2)1.1概述 (3)第二章产品安装配置 (4)2.1产品正面图 (5)2.1.1安装尺寸 (5)2.1.2产品配件清单 (6)2.1.3产品安装向导 (7)第三章模块功能简介 (8)3.1功能参数说明 (9)3.1.1系统参数 (9)3.1.2端子功能描述 (10)3.1.3LED灯说明 (10)3.1.4技术规范 (10)第一章1.1概述WTD93LG网关是一款与Bosch的TDL模块联合使用,形成货物运输情况监控以及存储的一体解决方案。

WTD93LG通过低功耗蓝牙BLE协议采集Bosch的TDL采集到的震动,温湿度信息。

WTD93LG的GPS的定位系统快速定位运输过程中的温湿度异常变化,或者剧烈震动的地方,并通过无线通信技术向服务器定时发送采集到的数据。

WTD93LG网关内部集成了高性能和超低功耗为一体的CPU,具有快速的数据交换及逻辑处理能力。

射频核心硬件由世界知名通信厂商设计生产,具有很高的网络稳定性,内置看门狗保证设备运行安全可靠。

Marabu玛莱宝GL系列丝印油墨使用说明

Marabu玛莱宝GL系列丝印油墨使用说明

Marabu玛莱宝GL系列丝印油墨使用说明调配比率印刷前需要加入适量的慢干剂H。

各颜色调配比率如下:20个单位油墨: 1个单位慢干剂保存期(可持续加工处理时间)室温下的保存期是8-10小时。

高温会缩短其保存期。

如果超过8-10小时,油墨特性看似无明显变化实则其粘度和抗水性均会下降。

干固组成油墨所使用的溶剂的挥发导致物理干燥,油墨层的干固由油墨和慢干剂的化学交联反应所致。

关于油墨交联反应过程的标准参数值如下:干固程度温度所需时间一碰即干20C 约25分准备套印20C 约50分最后干固20C 约4-6天140C 约30分保存期20C 8-10小时高温可以加快化学交联反应。

要获得更高的防水要求,需经140℃高温烘烤30分钟。

油墨粘度及抗刮性测试需于24小时后进行。

于多色套印时,连续套印另一种颜色前,先前一颜色无须彻底干固。

当套印结束时,最后必须经烘烤。

加工及干固温度应当不小于是15℃,否则,不可逆破坏可能出现。

同样应避免印刷过后的持续高湿度,因为慢干剂对湿度敏感。

耐候性系列油墨仅使用超高耐候性色素研制。

加入印刷清漆或者其他色素,特别是加入耐候性极强的白色混和而成。

如果油墨层厚度减小,其耐候性相应减弱。

由于系列油墨的化学成份结构其耐候性有限。

当应用于户外装饰品时,油墨的环氧树脂表层受侵使得油墨层逐渐显现白色,因而色素和填料释放。

鉴于此,系列油墨不能应用于户外装饰,倘若直接湿度接触则可行。

抗压性经一定彻底的干固,油墨层表现出优良的粘度,其抗摩擦和抗刮性也得到巩固。

我们建议使用保护涂层910或者MARAPOL Y P 910,以期获得更高程度的抗摩擦性。

颜色范围所有颜色都可互相混合,GL油墨不能与其它型号混合,以保证杰出性能。

标准颜色的化学结构符合EEC条理中EN71/3节,用于玩具方面印刷。

GL 20 柠檬色GL 55 群青色GL 21 中黄色GL 57 亮蓝GL 22 黄橙色GL 58 深蓝色GL 32 洋红色GL 64 黄绿色GL 35 亮红色GL 68 鲜绿色GL 36 朱红色GL 70 白色GL 45 深棕色GL 73 黑色所有颜色可混和调配。

基于代谢组学探究COPD患者KTR与CAT评分的相关性

基于代谢组学探究COPD患者KTR与CAT评分的相关性

㊃论 著㊃D O I :10.3969/j.i s s n .1672-9455.2024.05.012基于代谢组学探究C O P D 患者K T R 与C A T 评分的相关性*田永建1,崔顺顺2,周 玲2,谭立明3,王 伟1ә1.安徽省阜阳市人民医院检验科,安徽阜阳236000;2.安徽省阜阳市人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科,安徽阜阳236000;3.南昌大学第二附属医院检验科/江西省医学检验重点实验室,江西南昌330006摘 要:目的 基于代谢组学氨基酸代谢水平,探究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(C O P D )患者血浆犬尿氨酸(K y n )/色氨酸(T r p )的比值(K T R )与C O P D 评估量表(C A T )评分的相关性㊂方法 选取2021年6月至2022年9月阜阳市人民医院收治的C O P D 患者85例为C O P D 组,另选取60例健康体检者作为对照组㊂根据C A T 评分将C O PD 组分为轻度组㊁中度组㊁重度组和极重度组㊂比较C O P D 组和对照组及不同C A T 评分组间血浆T r p㊁K y n 水平,K T R 和肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积(F E V 1)㊁用力肺活量(F V C )㊁F E V 1/F V C 比值];采用P e a r s o n 相关分析血浆T r p ㊁K yn ㊁K T R 水平与肺功能指标及C A T 评分的相关性;比较C O P D 患者治疗前后C A T 评分及K T R ㊂结果 C O P D 组F E V 1㊁F V C ㊁T r p 水平及F E V 1/F V C 比值低于对照组,K T R 高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)㊂极重度和重度组F E V 1㊁F V C ㊁T r p 水平及F E V 1/F V C 比值低于轻度组和中度组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)㊂极重度组的K yn 水平和K T R 高于轻度组㊁中度组和重度组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)㊂F E V 1㊁F V C ㊁F E V 1/F V C 与T r p 呈正相关,与K y n ㊁K T R 呈负相关(P <0.05);C A T 评分与T r p 呈负相关,与K y n ㊁K T R 呈正相关(P <0.05)㊂C O P D 患者出院时K T R 及C A T 各项评分比入院时明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)㊂结论 T r p ㊁K y n ㊁K T R 是监测C O P D 患者疾病进展新的生物标志物,联合C A T 评分可以更全面地反映C O P D 的严重程度㊂关键词:慢性阻塞性肺疾病; 色氨酸; 犬尿氨酸; 犬尿氨酸与色氨酸的比值; 代谢组学中图法分类号:R 563.9文献标志码:A文章编号:1672-9455(2024)05-0635-05T h e c o r r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n K T R a n d C A T s c o r e o f C O P D p a t i e n t s b a s e d o n m e t a b o n o m i c s*T I A N Y o n g j i a n 1,C U I S h u n s h u n 2,Z H O U L i n g 2,T A N L i m i n g 3,WA N G W e i 1ә1.D e p a r t m e n t o f C l i n i c a l L a b o r a t o r y ,F u y a n g P e o p l e 's H o s p i t a l ,F u y a n g ,A n h u i 236000,C h i n a ;2.D e p a r t m e n t o f R e s p i r a t o r y a n d C r i t i c a l C a r e M e d i c i n e ,F u y a n g P e o p l e 's H o s p i t a l ,F u y a n g ,A n h u i 236000,C h i n a ;3.D e p a r t m e n t o f C l i n i c a l L a b o r a t o r y ,t h e S e c o n d A f f i l i a t e d H o s p i t a l o f N a n c h a n gU n i v e r s i t y /J i a n g x i K e y L a b o r a t o r y o f M e d i c a l L a b o r a t o r y ,N a n c h a n g ,J i a n gx i 330006,C h i n a A b s t r a c t :O b je c t i v e T o e x p l o r e t h e c o r r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n p l a s m a k y n u r e n i n e (K y n )/t r y p t o p h a n (T r p )r a -t i o (K T R )a n d C O P D a s s e s s m e n t s c a l e (C A T )s c o r e i n p a t i e n t s w i t h c h r o n i c o b s t r u c t i v e p u l m o n a r y d i s e a s e (C O P D )b a s e d o n t h e a m i n o a c i d m e t a b o l i s m l e v e l of m e t a b o l o m i c s .M e t h o d s A t o t a l o f 85C O P D p a t i e n t sa d m i t t e d t o F u y a n g P e o p l e 's H o s p i t a l f r o m J u n e 2021t o S e p t e mb e r 2022w e r e s e l ec t ed a s t he C O P D g r o u p,a n d 60h e a l t h y s u b j e c t s w e r e s e l e c t e d a s t h e c o n t r o l g r o u p .A c c o r d i n g t o t h e C A T s c o r e ,t h e C O P D g r o u p w a s d i v i d e d i n t o m i l d g r o u p ,m o d e r a t e g r o u p ,s e v e r e g r o u p a n d v e r y s e v e r e g r o u p .T h e p l a s m a l e v e l s o f T r p ,K yn ,K T R a n d p u l m o n a r y f u n c t i o n i n d e x e s [f o r c e d e x p i r a t o r y v o l u m e i n o n e s e c o n d (F E V 1),f o r c e d v i t a l c a p a c i t y (F V C ),F E V 1/F V C r a t i o ]w e r e c o m p a r e d b e t w e e n C O P D g r o u p a n d c o n t r o l g r o u p ,a n d d i f f e r e n t C A T s c o r e g r o u p s .P e a r s o n c o r r e l a t i o n a n a l y s i s w a s u s e d t o a n a l y z e t h e c o r r e l a t i o n o f p l a s m a T r p ,K yn ,K T R l e v e l s w i t h p u l m o n a r y fu n c t i o n i n d e x e s a n d C A T s c o r e .T h e C A T s c o r e s a n d K T R o f C O P D p a t i e n t s b e f o r e a n d a f t e r t r e a t m e n t w e r e c o m p a r e d .R e s u l t s T h e l e v e l s o f F E V 1,F V C ,T r p a n d F E V 1/F V C r a t i o i n t h e C O P D g r o u p w e r e l o w e r t h a n t h o s e i n t h e c o n t r o l g r o u p ,a n d t h e K T R w a s h i g h e r t h a n t h a t i n t h e c o n t r o l g r o u p,a n d t h e d i f f e r e n c e s w e r e s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t (P <0.05).T h e l e v e l s o f F E V 1,F V C ,F E V 1/F V C r a t i o a n d T r p i n t h e e x t r e m e l y s e v e r e a n d s e v e r e g r o u p s w e r e l o w e r t h a n t h o s e i n t h e m i l d a n d m o d e r a t e g r o u ps ,a n d t h e d i f f e r -e n c e s w e r e s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t (P <0.05).T h e l e v e l s o f K y n a n d K T R i n t h e e x t r e m e l y s e v e r e g r o u p we r e ㊃536㊃检验医学与临床2024年3月第21卷第5期 L a b M e d C l i n ,M a r c h 2024,V o l .21,N o .5*基金项目:江西省重点研发计划项目(20203B B G L 73149)㊂ 作者简介:田永建,男,主治医师,主要从事炎症性疾病的诊断与治疗方向的研究㊂ ә 通信作者,E -m a i l :134********@163.c o m ㊂h i g h e r t h a n t h o s e i n t h e m i l d,m o d e r a t e a n d s e v e r e g r o u p s,a n d t h e d i f f e r e n c e s w e r e s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t (P<0.05).F E V1,F V C,F E V1/F V C r a t i o w e r e p o s i t i v e l y c o r r e l a t e d w i t h T r p,a n d n e g a t i v e l y c o r r e l a t e d w i t h K y n a n d K T R(P<0.05).C A T s c o r e w a s n e g a t i v e l y c o r r e l a t e d w i t h T r p,a n d p o s i t i v e l y c o r r e l a t e d w i t h K y n a n d K T R(P<0.05).T h e C A T s c o r e s a n d K T R o f C O P D p a t i e n t s a t d i s c h a r g e w e r e s i g n i f i c a n t l y l o w e r t h a n t h o s e a t a d m i s s i o n,a n d t h e d i f f e r e n c e s w e r e s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t(P<0.05).C o n c l u s i o n T r p,K y n a n d K T R a r e n e w b i o m a r k e r s f o r m o n i t o r i n g t h e p r o g r e s s i o n o f C O P D.C o m b i n e d w i t h C A T s c o r e,t h e y c a n r e f l e c t t h e s e v e r i t y o f C O P D m o r e c o m p r e h e n s i v e l y.K e y w o r d s:c h r o n i c o b s t r u c t i v e p u l m o n a r y d i s e a s e;t r y p t o p h a n; k y n u r e n i n e; k y n u r e n i n e t o t r y p t o-p h a n r a t i o; m e t a b o n o m i c s色氨酸(T r p)是人体必需氨基酸,主要通过日常饮食获取㊂约95%的T r p通过犬尿氨酸途径(K P)代谢为犬尿氨酸(K y n)㊂K y n可与芳香烃受体结合,促进C D4+T淋巴细胞分化,产生调节性T淋巴细胞,影响细胞因子分泌,发挥免疫抑制和炎症调节作用[1-2]㊂慢性阻塞性肺疾病(C O P D)以气道内气流持续受阻为临床特征,并伴有肺部气道长期慢性炎症和氧化应激加重[3-4]㊂C O P D评估量表(C A T)在临床常被用来评估C O P D患者病情严重程度和生活质量水平[5]㊂有研究表明,当免疫系统被激活,吲哚胺2,3-二氧酶(I D O)活性增强时,K P的代谢会明显改善,血浆T r p浓度可降低25%~50%,K y n/T r p比值(K T R)将继续升高[6]㊂目前少见C O P D患者血浆T r p㊁K y n㊁K T R水平变化及其与C A T评分的相关性研究报道,有待进一步探讨㊂本研究旨在探讨C O P D 患者K P代谢相关标志物水平变化及其与肺功能损害严重程度相关性的临床应用价值㊂现将结果报道如下㊂1资料与方法1.1一般资料选取阜阳市人民医院2021年6月至2022年9月收治的85例C O P D患者作为C O P D 组,另选取同年龄段健康体检者60例作为对照组㊂C O P D组男53例,女32例;年龄52~89岁,平均(70.75ʃ9.05)岁㊂对照组男40例,女20例,年龄56~ 84岁,平均(68.37ʃ8.21)岁㊂纳入标准:(1)纳入患者均符合2020年全球G O L D指南[7]中关于C O P D的诊断标准;(2)患者有相应的症状和体征,如:气流阻塞㊁喘息㊁乏力等;(3)患者吸入支气管舒张剂如沙丁胺醇后,肺功能指标第1秒用力呼气容积(F E V1)/用力肺活量(F V C)的比值<70%㊂排除标准:(1)合并其他肺部疾病者,如肺结核㊁肺纤维化㊁支气管哮喘;(2)合并内分泌代谢和免疫功能异常者;(3)合并肝肾功能严重损害者;(4)合并其他炎症性疾病者㊂两组年龄㊁性别比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性㊂本研究经阜阳市人民医院医学伦理委员会批准(2021-141),符合1964年‘赫尔辛基宣言“及其后来的修正案,并获得了所有符合条件的参与者的书面知情同意㊂1.2方法1.2.1血液样本检测取所有受检者空腹8h静脉血3m L,以3500r/m i n离心10m i n后分离血浆㊂采用美国W a t e r s公司提供的超高效液相色谱串联质谱仪检测T r p和K y n水平㊂色谱柱为c o r t e c s u p l c C18(规格:1.7m,2.1mmˑ150.0mm);流动相A 为0.1%甲酸/水溶液,流动相B为0.1%甲酸/乙腈溶液,流速为0.5m L/m i n,柱温为60ħ;样本体积为2μL㊂梯度洗脱:流动相B0.0~1.0m i n,1%~ 1%;1.0~2.0m i n,1%~12%;2.0~5.5m i n, 12%~14%;5.5~6.5m i n,14%~95%;6.5~7.5 m i n,95%~95%㊂质谱法选择电喷雾电离正离子模式扫描和多反应监测(M R M)模式检测㊂数据分析使用M a s s L y n x V4.2数据处理系统(W a t e r s公司,美国)㊂试剂由美国S i g m a-A l d r i c h公司和中国上海A N P E L公司提供,并严格按照试剂说明书操作㊂1.2.2肺功能指标检测采用德国耶格M a s t e r S c r e e n D i f f u s i o n肺功能仪检测受检者肺功能指标: F E V1㊁F V C㊁F E V1/F V C比值,操作严格按照美国胸科学会质量控制标准[8]检测肺通气功能㊂分别测定3次F E V1和F V C,以肺功能最优值为结果㊂1.2.3 C A T评分 C A T的项目包括咳嗽㊁咳痰㊁胸闷㊁气喘㊁家务活动㊁外出信心㊁睡眠和精力㊂每项得分为0~5分,总分为0~40分㊂按0~10分㊁>10~ 20分㊁>20~30分㊁>30~40分,将C O P D患者分为轻度组㊁中度组㊁重度组和极重度组㊂1.3统计学处理采用S P S S23.0统计软件进行数据分析㊂呈正态分布的计量资料采用xʃs表示,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,多组间两两比较采用L S D-t检验;呈偏态分布的计量资料采用M(P25,P75)表示,两组间比较采用非参数M a n n-W h i t n e y U检验,多组间比较采用非参数K r u s k a l-W a l l i s H检验;计数资料以例数或百分率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验;采用P e a r s o n相关分析血浆T r p㊁K y n㊁K T R水平与肺功能指标及C A T评分的相关性㊂以P<0.05为差异有统计学㊃636㊃检验医学与临床2024年3月第21卷第5期 L a b M e d C l i n,M a r c h2024,V o l.21,N o.5意义㊂2 结 果2.1 C O P D 组与对照组肺功能及血浆指标水平比较 C O P D 组F E V 1㊁F V C ㊁T r p 水平及F E V 1/F V C 比值低于对照组,K T R 高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)㊂见表1㊂2.2 不同C A T 评分组患者肺功能及血浆指标水平比较 85例C O P D 患者根据C A T 评分分为轻度组(11例)㊁中度组(31例)㊁重度组(27例)和极重度组(16例)㊂4组F E V 1㊁F V C ㊁T r p ㊁K y n 水平,K T R 和F E V 1/F V C 比值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)㊂极重度组和重度组F E V 1㊁F V C ㊁T r p 水平及F E V 1/F V C 比值低于轻度组和中度组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);极重度组的K y n 水平和K T R 高于轻度组㊁中度组和重度组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)㊂见表2㊂2.3 血浆T r p ㊁K y n 水平,K T R 与肺功能指标及C A T 评分的相关性分析 F E V 1㊁F V C ㊁F E V 1/F V C 比值与T r p 呈正相关,与K yn ㊁K T R 呈负相关(P <0.05);C A T 评分与T r p 呈负相关(P <0.05),与K yn ㊁K T R 呈正相关(P <0.05)㊂见表3㊂2.4 入院和出院时C O P D 患者C A T 评分与K T R比较 C O P D 患者出院时C A T 各项评分及K R T 比入院时明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)㊂见表4㊂表1 C O P D 组与对照组肺功能及血浆指标水平比较[x ʃs 或M (P 25,P 75)]组别nF E V 1(L )F V C (L )F E V 1/F V C 比值(%)T r p (μm o l /L )K y n (μm o l /L )K T R 对照组602.91ʃ0.583.92ʃ0.6179.87ʃ3.9758.01ʃ11.182.29(1.94,2.57)0.040ʃ0.011C O P D 组852.09ʃ0.482.92ʃ0.7151.45ʃ7.1249.71ʃ12.172.14(1.82,2.70)0.050ʃ0.015t /Z9.2388.76428.0204.1800.454-3.795P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.0010.650<0.001表2 不同C A T 评分组患者肺功能及血浆指标水平比较[x ʃs 或M (P 25,P 75)]组别nF E V 1(L)F V C (L )F E V 1/FV C 比值(%)T r p (μm o /L )K y n (μm o l /L )K T R轻度组112.92ʃ0.283.99ʃ0.3762.74ʃ3.0963.47ʃ13.651.44(1.32,1.49)0.028ʃ0.002中度组312.31ʃ0.203.32ʃ0.2455.30ʃ2.3756.65ʃ2.681.95(1.81,2.07)0.038ʃ0.004重度组271.89ʃ0.12a b2.57ʃ0.20a b 48.31ʃ1.98a b 43.69ʃ5.33a b 2.46(2.29,2.68)0.050ʃ0.005极重度组161.42ʃ0.17a b1.96ʃ0.23a b41.37ʃ3.07a b36.94ʃ10.49a b2.89(2.76,3.85)a b c0.091ʃ0.030a b cF /H248.165223.308200.10536.38438.45046.300P <0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001注:与轻度组比较,a P <0.05;与中度组比较,b P <0.05;与重度组比较,cP <0.05㊂表3 血浆T r p ㊁K yn 水平,K T R 与肺功能指标及C A T 评分的相关性变量F E V 1rPF V CrPF E V 1/FV C 比值rPC A T 评分rPT r p0.745<0.0010.773<0.0010.740<0.001-0.747<0.001K yn -0.456<0.001-0.408<0.001-0.362<0.0010.420<0.001K T R-0.792<0.001-0.788<0.001-0.888<0.0010.734<0.001表4 入院和出院时C O P D 患者C A T 评分及K T R 比较(x ʃs ,分)时间n咳嗽咳痰胸闷气喘家务活动入院时853.383ʃ0.4043.478ʃ0.3392.705ʃ0.1702.859ʃ0.2353.015ʃ0.221出院时852.633ʃ0.1822.709ʃ0.2022.074ʃ0.1932.328ʃ0.1392.389ʃ0.214t 15.59317.96222.57217.88718.715P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001㊃736㊃检验医学与临床2024年3月第21卷第5期 L a b M e d C l i n ,M a r c h 2024,V o l .21,N o .5续表4入院和出院时C O P D患者C A T评分及K T R比较(xʃs,分)时间n外出信心睡眠精力总分K T R 入院时852.661ʃ0.3053.025ʃ0.2802.687ʃ0.23423.948ʃ3.4300.050ʃ0.015出院时852.254ʃ0.1842.706ʃ0.1752.532ʃ0.20217.167ʃ2.5850.044ʃ0.013 t10.5468.8974.59914.5332.454P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.0010.0153讨论C O P D是肺部慢性炎症性疾病,气道的炎症细胞长期浸润及异常激活是导致病情严重程度加重㊁生活质量下降㊁预后不良的主要诱因[9-10]㊂T r p不仅在蛋白质的合成中发挥重要作用,而且是炎症反应㊁氧化应激㊁免疫代谢过程中的重要分子底物[11-12]㊂本研究发现,C O P D组F E V1㊁F V C㊁T r p水平及F E V1/F V C比值低于对照组,K T R高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)㊂这与以往报道肺部感染患者K T R升高的研究结果相符[13]㊂M E I E R等[13]对纳入研究的患者经过18个月的短期随访,发现K T R 升高与肺功能指标下降及患者病死率相关,对短期不良结局也有很好的预测作用㊂既往研究认为临床医生在处理住院肺部感染患者时,可以通过分析常见临床指标与病情严重程度的相关性,准确判断病情,给出准确的初始护理和治疗方案[14]㊂此外,本研究比较了不同C A T评分组患者K y n和T r p水平,其中最重要的是提供了C O P D患者血浆中分解代谢物T r p㊁K y n和K T R变化与病情严重程度相关性的最新证据,即重度和极重度C O P D患者血浆中K y n水平和K T R进一步升高,而T r p水平明显降低,提示K P代谢活性升高㊂C H E O N G等[15]在动物实验中发现小鼠T r p水平降低会导致K y n水平升高,且能诱导T 淋巴细胞凋亡和抑制T淋巴细胞的免疫应答㊂由于T r p水平与T淋巴细胞的增殖发育密切相关,当C O P D患者气道内炎症反应长期存在或反应程度加重时,I D O活性增强,T淋巴细胞周围T r p减少,K y n 水平升高㊂当T r p水平降低时,效应T淋巴细胞和自然杀伤细胞的增殖和杀伤功能不断受到抑制,导致机体消除病原体感染的能力下降,C O P D患者易出现肺功能急剧下降和病情加重[16]㊂这些证据与之前关于C O P D患者气道存在持续性炎症过程的观点一致㊂另外本研究发现T r p㊁K y n水平和K T R在不同疾病严重程度阶段发生变化,这进一步支持K P代谢相关产物T r p㊁K y n和K T R可作为预测C O P D严重程度和疾病进展的生物标志物㊂C A T评分是一种较为全面㊁多维度的评价方法,能较灵敏地反映C O P D急性加重的发生及对疾病预后的影响,与F E V1㊁F V C等反映疾病严重程度的常用临床指标有较强的相关性[17-18]㊂G I L等[19]也报道了C A T评分在评估C O P D肺功能损害程度㊁并发症发生率㊁再入院率和重症监护病房(I C U)占用率方面具有高灵敏度㊂本研究对C O P D患者血浆K y n㊁T r p 水平与C A T评分的相关性进行了分析,结果显示C A T评分与T r p水平呈负相关(P<0.05),与K y n㊁K T R呈正相关(P<0.05)㊂王述红等[20]研究表明,急性加重期C O P D患者肺功能下降较多,C A T评分明显升高,与本研究结果相似㊂同时,通过检测患者出院时的C A T评分和K T R水平,发现患者出院时的C A T评分和K T R明显下降,患者的生活质量明显改善,与入院时相比有很大变化㊂M I C H A E L I S等[21]通过对252例入院后呼吸道感染患者进行随访研究,发现当患者T r p水平降低,K y n水平升高,K T R明显升高时,重症和极重症患者比例明显增加㊂同时,患者入院后1周内血浆中K y n水平也有明显变化,提示患者体内T r p和K y n水平与疾病严重程度及预后有关㊂由此可见,随着K T R的升高,C O P D患者的C A T评分升高,疾病严重程度也随之升高,提示T r p 和K y n水平与疾病严重程度及生活质量有明显关系,可以更好地评价患者的整体健康状况㊂因此,结合C A T评分检测T r p代谢水平可作为综合监测和评价C O P D严重程度的主要方法之一㊂C O P D患者K T R是临床监测疾病进展的一种新的生物标志物,与C A T评分结合可以更好地评估疾病严重程度和预后生活质量㊂未来的研究仍需要进行多中心研究和增加样本量,并仔细划分样本来验证本研究的发现和结论㊂参考文献[1]MA R T I N K S,A Z Z O L I N I M,L I R A R U A S J.T h ek y n u r e n i n e c o n n e c t i o n:h o w e x e r c i s e s h i f t s m u s c l e t r y p-t o p h a n m e t a b o l i s m a n d a f f e c t s e n e r g y h o m e o s t a s i s,t h ei mm u n e s y s t e m,a n d t h e b r a i n[J].A m J P h y s i o l C e l lP h y s i o l,2020,318(5):C818-C830.[2]Y U R T E F,B I C E R C,S E R D A R M A,e t a l.A c c e l e r a t e dk y n u r e n i n e p a t h w a y d o w n r e g u l a t e s i mm u n e a c t i v a t i o n i n p a t i e n t s w i t h a x i a l s p o n d y l o a r t h r i t i s[J].C y t o k i n e,2023, 169(1):156247-156252.[3]陈佩,吴朔,徐溪,等.C O P D患者血清I L-38㊁s R A G E㊁T L R4㊁A N G P T L4变化及与疾病严重程度㊁预后的关系分析[J].检验医学与临床,2022,19(21):2967-2971.㊃836㊃检验医学与临床2024年3月第21卷第5期 L a b M e d C l i n,M a r c h2024,V o l.21,N o.5[4]WA N G L,C H E N Q,Y U Q,e t a l.T R E M-1a g g r a v a t e sc h r o n i c o b s t r u c t i v e p u l m o n a r yd i se a s e d e v e l o p m e n t v i a a c t i v a t i o n N L R P3i nf l a mm a s o m e-m e d i a t e d p y r o p t o s i s[J].I n f l a mm R e s,2021,70(9):971-980.[5]L I N L,S O N G Q,C H E N G W,e t a l.C o m p a r a t i o n o f p r e-d i c t i ve v a l u e of C A T a n d c h a ng e i n C A T i n th e s h o r t t e r m f o r f u t u r e e x a c e r b a ti o n o f c h r o n i c o b s t r u c t i v e p u l m o n a r yd i se a s e[J].A n n M e d,2022,54(1):875-885.[6]MA W C,Y E L,Z HO N G C H,e t a l.K y n u r e n i n e p r o-d u ce d b y t r y p t o p h a n2,3-d i o x y g e n a s e m e t a b o l i s m p r o-m o t e s g l i o m a p r o g r e s s i o n t h r o u g h a n a r y l h y d r o c a r b o n r e c e p t o r-d e p e n d e n t s i g n a l i n g p a t h w a y[J].C e l l B i o l I n t, 2022,46(10):1577-1587.[7]HA L P I N D,C R I N E R G J,P A P I A,e t a l.G l o b a l i n i t i a t i v ef o r t h e d i ag n o s i s,m a n a g e m e n t,a n d p r e v e n t i o n o f ch r o ni c o b s t r u c t i v e l u n g d i s e a s e:t h e2020G O L D s c i e n c e c o mm i t-t e e r e p o r t o n C O V I D-19a n d c h r o n i c o b s t r u c t i v e p u l m o-n a r y d i s e a s e[J].A m J R e s p i r C r i t C a r e M e d,2021,203(1):24-36.[8]S T A N O J E V I C S,K AM I N S K Y D A,M I L L E R M R,e ta l.E R S/A T S t e c h n i c a l s t a n d a r d o n i n t e r p r e t i v e s t r a t e g i e sf o r r o u t i n e l u ng f u n c t i o n t e s t s[J].E u r R e s p i r J,2022,60(1):2101499.[9]刘韩韩,朱蕾.T h17/T r e g在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的研究进展[J].复旦学报(医学版),2023,50(1):147-153. [10]汪群智,盛美玲.慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺部菌群结构与全身炎症反应的关系研究[J].中国实用内科杂志,2022, 42(3):219-223.[11]李素素,常艳,魏伟.色氨酸2,3-双加氧酶调控炎症免疫反应在疾病中的作用[J].生理科学进展,2021,52(1):72-76.[12]P I C I U F,B A L A S M,B A D E A M A,e t a l.T R P c h a n n e l si n t u m o r a l p r o c e s s e s m e d i a t e d b y o x i d a t i v e s t r e s s a n d i n-f l a mm a t i o n[J].A N T I O X I D A N T S,2023,12(7):1327.[13]M E I E R M A,O T T I G E R M,VÖG E L I A,e t a l.A c t i v a t i o no f t h e s e r o t o n i n p a t h w a y i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h p o o r o u t c o m ei n C O P D e x a c e r b a t i o n:r e s u l t s o f a l o n g-t e r m c o h o r t s t u d-y[J].L u n g,2017,195(3):303-311.[14]G R A S S E L L I G,Z A N G R I L L O A,Z A N E L L A A,e t a l.B a s e l i n e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d o u t c o m e s o f1591p a t i e n t si n f e c t e d w i t h S A R S-C o V-2a d m i t t e d t o I C U s o f t h e l o m-b a r d y r e g i o n,I t a l y[J].J AMA,2020,323(16):1574-1581.[15]C H E O N G J E,S U N L.T a r g e t i n g t h e I D O1/T D O2-K Y N-A h R p a t h w a y f o r c a n c e r i mm u n o t h e r a p y-c h a l l e n-g e s a n d o p p o r t u n i t i e s[J].T r e n d s P h a r m a c o l S c i,2018,39(3):307-325.[16]S T O N E T W,W I L L I AM S R O.M o d u l a t i o n o f T c e l l s b y t r y p t o p h a n m e t a b o l i t e s i n t h e k y n u r e n i n e p a t h w a y[J].T r e n d s P h a r m a c o l S c i,2023,44(7):442-456. [17]张莉,王书香,王玲玲,等.老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并下呼吸道细菌感染者F e N O㊁P C T水平与肺功能及C A T评分的关联[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2023,33(15):2261-2265.[18]S A R I C P,HA N I F A H S,R O S D I A N A R,e t a l.T h eC O P D(c h r o n i c o b s t r u c t i v e p u l m o n a r y d i s e a s e)a s s e s s-m e n t t e s t:a s s e s s m e n t o f t h e r a p e u t i c o u t c o m e s o f p a-t i e n t s a t p r i v a t e h o s p i t a l s i n Y o g y a k a r t a[J].J P h a r mB i o a l l i e d S c i,2020,12(S u p p l2):821-825.[19]G I L H I,Z O S,J O N E S P W,e t a l.C l i n i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c so f C O P D p a t i e n t s a c c o r d i n g t o C O P D a s s e s s m e n t t e s t(C A T)s c o r e l e v e l:c r o s s-s e c t i o n a l s t u d y[J].I n t J C h r o nO b s t r u c t P u l m o n D i s,2021,16:1509-1517. [20]王述红,邱容,罗晓斌,等.慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血气分析指标,F e N O,E O S%水平变化与C A T评分的相关性研究[J].现代检验医学杂志,2021,36(4):156-161. [21]M I C HA E L I S S,Z E L Z E R S,S C HN E D L W J,e t a l.A s-s e s s m e n t o f t r y p t o p h a n a n d k y n u r e n i n e a s p r o g n o s t i c m a r k e r s i n p a t i e n t s w i t h S A R S-C o V-2[J].C l i n C h i m A c-t a,2022,525:29-33.(收稿日期:2023-08-24修回日期:2023-12-13)(上接第634页)桡骨远端骨折治疗中的疗效观察[J].中国医院药学杂志,2014,34(3):224-226.[16]戴有志,黄慧君.伤科第一方复元活血汤[J].台湾中医临床医学杂志,2007,13(2):147-152.[17]王飞,傅强,刘华根.复元活血汤的现代骨科学临床研究应用进展[J].临床和实验医学杂志,2014,13(8):687-689.[18]于波,张秀杰,谢进.复元活血汤对骨折早期血管内皮生长细胞因子活性的影响[J].时珍国医国药,2011,22(1): 36-38.[19]张建龙,刘丁铭,冯太升,等.加味复元活血汤联合手法复位夹板外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效观察[J].成都医学院学报,2022,17(3):316-319.[20]WU H Y,WA N G Y R,G U I J,e t a l.S h i's Y i-Q i B u-S h e nT o n g-L u o d e c o c t i o n c o m b i n e d w i t h m a n i p u l a t i o n i n t h e m a n a g e m e n t o f w r i s t s t i f f n e s s a f t e r d i s t a l r a d i u s f r a c t u r e: s t u d y p r o t o c o l c l i n i c a l t r i a l(S P I R I T C o m p l i a n t)[J].M e d i c i n e(B a l t i m o r e),2020,99(9):e19308. [21]K O S T R E T Z I S L,Z I G R A S F,B AM P I S I,e t a l.R a d i a ln e c k f r a c t u r e n o n u n i o n:a c a s e r e p o r t a n d n o v e l f i x a t i o n t e c h n i q u e[J].O r t h o p R e v(P a v i a),2022,14(1):32375.(收稿日期:2023-08-26修回日期:2023-11-26)㊃936㊃检验医学与临床2024年3月第21卷第5期 L a b M e d C l i n,M a r c h2024,V o l.21,N o.5。

5-1集团公司总部职位与职位编码

5-1集团公司总部职位与职位编码

1、集团公司总部职位与职位编码职位职位编码
董事长 GL01
总裁 GL02
副总裁 GL03
总经济师 GL06
财务总监 GL07
总裁助理 GL08
办公室主任 GL11
办公室副主任 GL12
办公室行政主管 GL13
办公室网管 GL15
办公室文员 GL16
办公室司机 GL17
办公室保洁 GL18
办公室保安 GL19
事业发展部长 GL31
事业发展副部长 GL32
项目专员 GL33
品牌管理部部长 GL51
品牌管理部副部长 GL52
市场策划专员 GL53
客服专员 GL54
人力资源部部长 GL61
人力资源部副部长 GL62
人力资源专员 GL62
审计部部长 GL71
审计部副部长 GL72
审计专员GL73
财务部部长 GL81
财务部副部长 GL82
主办会计 GL83
会计 GL84
资金管理专员 GL86
出纳 GL87。

ICD-10疾病编码表

ICD-10疾病编码表

G54.001 G54.002 G54.003 G54.051 G54.052 G54.053 G54.054 G54.151 G54.152 G54.201 G54.251 G54.351 G54.401 G54.501 G54.551 G54.552 G54.651 G54.751 G54.851 G54.951 G56.001 G56.101 G56.201 G56.202 G56.203 G56.204 G56.205 G56.251 G56.301 G56.401 G56.851 G56.951 G57.001 G57.002 G57.003 G57.101 G57.151 G57.201 G57.251 G57.252 G57.253 G57.301 G57.302 G57.303 G57.351 G57.451 G57.501 G57.551 G57.601 G57.651 G57.652 G57.851 G57.852
G21.901 G23.051 G23.052 G23.151 G23.251 G23.801 G23.802 G23.851 G23.852 G23.951 G24.051 G24.101 G24.151 G24.152 G24.153 G24.154 G24.251 G24.301 G24.401 G24.501 G24.851 G24.901 G24.902 G24.951 G25.001 G25.051 G25.151 G25.251 G25.301 G25.351 G25.352 G25.451 G25.501 G25.502 G25.503 G25.504 G25.551 G25.552 G25.553 G25.651 G25.652 G25.653 G25.654 G25.801 G25.802 G25.803 G25.851 G25.852 G25.853 G25.854 G25.901 G25.902 G25.903

AV110-73LF中文资料

AV110-73LF中文资料

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
VC (V)
Attenuation vs. Control Voltage @ 2400 MHz
VSWR
Frequency 1.9 GHz
Min. Typ.
Max. Unit
1.0
µs
0.3
µs
12
dBm
25
°C/W
0
VS
V
3
V
0.2 x VC
mA
150
0.000 (0.00 mm)
0.057 (1.45 mm) 0.035 (0.90 mm)
0.037 (0.95 mm) Ref.
5.0° ± 1°
0.012 (0.30 mm)
Typ.
5.0° ± 1°
0.014 (0.26 mm)
0.004 (0.10 mm)
0.122 (3.10 mm) 0.106 (2.70 mm)
DATA SHEET • AV110-73, AV110-73LF
Operating Characteristics at 25 °C (VS = 3 V)
Parameter(1)
Condition
Switching characteristics Rise, on Fall, off
Intermodulation intercept point (IIP3)(2)
Frequency
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
1.7–2.0 GHz 2.0–2.5 GHz
3.5
3.8
dB
3.8
4.2
dB
1.7–2.0 GHz

金典时代项目 PRE-73 Jr MKII 微机预增强器说明书

金典时代项目 PRE-73 Jr MKII 微机预增强器说明书

PRE-73 Jr MKIIINTRODUCTIONCongratulations on choosing the Golden Age Project PRE-73 Jr MKII microphone preamplifier!The PRE-73 Jr MKII is a one-channel vintage style microphone- and instrument preamplifier. The signal pathuses only discrete components like resistors, capacitors and transistors. The in- and output is transformerbalanced, using two different transformers, each one optimized for its purpose. This is the way audio compo-nents were built before integrated circuits became available.Integrated circuits are small and cheap and widely used in most modern designs. It is clear though that audiocomponents built with modern technology doesn´t always provide the best perceived sound quality or the type of character that the modern user desires.On the contrary, the subjective sound quality delivered by vintage equipment is often prefered over the onedelivered by modern units, a situation that is even more obvious now when music is recorded with clean-sounding digital audio equipment.This is the reason why so many vintage audio components are cloned and produced again and also why thevintage originals are often very expensive on the second hand market.The circuit used in the PRE-73 Jr MKII is similar to the preamp section in the classical 1073 module with acorresponding sound character that is warm, punchy, sweet and musical. These classic characteristics havebeen heard on countless recordings through the years and it is a versatile sound that works very well onmost sound sources and in most genres.The essence of this sound is now available at a surprisingly low cost, making it available to nearly everyone.FEATURES- Vintage Style class-A electronics. No integrated circuits in the signal path. No surface mount components.- GAIN switch range 20 - 70 dB.- Selectable two position high frequency AIR boost eq, 3 or 6 dB @ 30 kHz.- Selectable 6 dB/octave two frequency high pass filter at around 40 (HP1) and 170 Hz (HP2).- Switchable phantom power and absolute phase.- A high-impedance instrument input for any sound module, electric guitar or bass.- A simple signal LED indicator.- The output level control makes it possible to do fine gain adjustments and also to overload the main gain stage for more character and thenlower the signal to a suitable level before the output stage.- Combo XLR/TRS input jack and separate output XLR and TRS jacks for flexible connections.- Insert jack for inserting EQ´s and other units.- The circuit board is prepared for the Carnhill input transformer.- External power supply to avoid interaction with the audio circuits and transformers.- The small format makes it possible to mount 4 units in our 19-inch rack kit, the UNITE MKII.- A solid build quality that will last many years of normal use.W W W.G O L D E N A G E P R O J E C T.C O M ICIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONThe signal first enters the inputtransformer. The primary of thetransformer has two windingsthat are connected in series whichresults in an input impedance of1200 Ohms which is suitable formost mics.The transformer is followed by the main gain stage using only three transistors.The signal then goes to the insert jack and from there on to theoutput level potentiometer and then to the output stage. This stage again only uses three transistors, the last one in the chain is a hefty 2N3055 power transistor run in class-A mode, driving the output transformer.So, all in all, the complete signal chain only contains a maximum of six active elements. Compare that to the big number of transistors that are usually used in one single integrated circuit!MODERN VERSUS OLDIt is true that there are some great IC´s available today that achieves very low levels of static and dynamic distortion. The simple circuits that the PRE-73 Jr MKII uses, and even more so the transformers, cannot match the low distortion specifications of modern IC´s.It is the distortion components that imparts a sound char-acter to the audio signal and, if the distortion components are of the right type, this is a good thing since it makes the recorded voice or instrument sound “better”, more musical, more pleasing to the ear. This is one reason why vintage style units are so popular today.This is not to suggest that modern, transparent sounding audio circuits is a bad thing, sometimes they are prefered over colored ones. It´s all about taste and it depends on the genre. For most modern music styles, color and character is definitely a good thing.And doesn´t it feel good to use audio components built according to the old, minimalistic approach where one can follow the signal from one discrete component to another? USING THE PRE-73 Jr MKIIUsing a preamplifier is not rocket science. Here are some points though to help you getting the maximum out of the PRE-73 Jr MKII:- Connect the cable from the power supply to the 24V AC connector at the back of the PRE-73 Jr MKII. Power on the unit with the POWER switch on the back panel.- Connect your microphone to the input XLR/TRS combo jack on the back panel.- Engage one of the positions of the High Pass filter if you want to roll off the lower frequency range. Set the switch in the center position to remove the high pass filter from the signal path.- Engage one of the two positions of the AIR eq boost if you want to add some level in the upper frequency range. The center of the boost is at around 30 kHz. The switch center position = OFF.- If you want the smallest amount of coloration, always set the OUTPUT level potentiometer at or close to maximum and adjust the output level with the stepped GAIN switch. - If you want more character, turn the OUTPUT level poten-tiometer counterclock-wise and increase the gain with theGAIN switch. This will drive the input gain stage harder and provoke more character from it.- You can also overdrive the output stage and the output transformer for even more character, but you will then usu-ally need a level control after the PRE-73 Jr MKII in order to reduce the level to the appropiate one. This level control can be a passive damping device (like the Shure A15AS XLR switchable pad) or an input level control in the unit follow-ing the PRE-73 Jr MKII.The Shure A15AS is also useful for reducing the ouput level if the PRE-73 Jr MKII is connected to a unit that has a standard operating level of -10 dBu. The standard operating level of the PRE-73 Jr MKII is +4 dBu, the output level into a 600 ohm load will be about 1,23V.- Instruments can be connected to the TRS input at the front which has an input impedance of about 100 kohm. Press the DI switch to engage this input. A source at the back can remain connected.- Engage the +48V phantom power for any mic that needs it. It is a good procedure to always disengage the phantom power and wait for about 10 seconds before unplugging the mic.- The phase switch simply reverses the phase by revers-ing the wires from the secondary winding of the output transformer. Reversing the phase of the signal is useful on a number of occasions, one example is phase reversing the the lower mic of a snare drum to make it sum in phase with the upper mic.- There is an unbalanced Insert jack located at the back panel where you can insert equalizers and other external effect units that has an operating level of about -10 dbu to -18dBu.Send is on “tip” and return on “ring”.WARRANTYThe PRE-73 Jr MKII is built to last. But as in any electronic device, components can break down.There is a 1,0A slow blow fuse located inside the unit. If the unit dies, please check this fues. If it has blown, replace it with a new one. You can also try with another 24V AC adap-tor if you have one available.If this doesn´t help, or if the unit has another problem, it will need repair and you should then contact the reseller where you bought the unit.The warranty period is decided by the Distributor for your country. The Distributor will support Golden Age Project resellers and end users with repairs and spare parts.REGISTRATIONYou are welcome to register your unit at our website: ---------------------------I would like to thank you for chosing thePRE-73 Jr MKII!I hope it will serve you well and that it will help youin making many great sounding recordings.Bo MedinVintage character for modern ideas!W W W.G O L D E N A G E P R O J E C T.C O M。

MSI 耳音 Nahimic 更新历史及安装指南说明书

MSI 耳音 Nahimic 更新历史及安装指南说明书

[Release Note] NahimicThe document applies to all MSI Notebook and Vortex product which supports Nahimic.To know whether the product supports Nahimic or not, please visit MSI website and find the Overview page (audio feature) of your productFind all key changes in Nahimic Update History in this document and refer to the clean installation guide to install or update Nahimic and Realtek audio driver.Update History2.3.21●Add support and improve the sound quality for PE62VR 7RF, GE63VR, GE73VR, GF72,GV72, GV62 and GT75VR notebook.2.3.20● Fix audio enhancements problem when opening the playback device window inWindows 10 Creators Update. ● Fix Nahimic related application error message in Event Viewer. ● Fix the pop noise issue when switching Nahimic effects ON/OFF.● The EQ values passed from -12dB/+12dB to -9dB/+9dB in order to limit the possibilitiesof cracking noises when pushing all EQ to maximum.2.3.17● Add support and improve the sound quality for GE63, GE73, GL63, GL73, GP63, GP73,PE62, PE72 and PL62 notebook.2.3.15● Improve the compatibility in Windows 10.2.3.14● Support the latest Windows 10 Creators Update / Redstone 2 edition (build 15063). ● Improve the sound quality for GS63, GL62, GP62, GP62VR, GL72, GP72 and GP72VRnotebook. MSI Notebook and Vortex product that originally supports Nahimic 1 can also support Nahimic 2. It’s a free upgrade and users can do the upgrade anytime by their own wish. Uninstall Nahimic 1 before upgrading to Nahimic 2 since these two versions don’t work together.● Fix Sound Tracker not working after using the Launchpad shortcuts several times. ● Fix Sound Tracker's arrow still appears after uninstalling Nahimic.● Improve the sound quality for GE62VR, GP62MVR, GP72VR and GE72VR notebook.2.3.10● Fix the notebook might be no sound output after install or uninstall Nahimic. ● Imporve the sound quality for GE62VR and GP62MVR notebook.2.3.8● Improve the sound quality in games.2.3.4● Fix Sound Tracker not working after the latest Rainbow Six – Siege update. ● Improve the sound quality for GS73 and GS63 notebook.● Improve the compatibility with multiple games. (Dark Souls III, Far Cry: Primal, Rise of theTomb Raider & The Talos Principle)● Music default profile has turned off Virtual Surround to provide more neutral audioexperience.2.3● Fix Nahimic stops working after applying Windows 10 Anniversary Update / Redstone 1edition (build 14393). ● Fix the microphone gets mute automatically when using TeamViewer.● Improve the sound quality when browsing website or video streaming when using UCbrowser.● Improve the compatibility with multiple softwares. (uTorrent, Anidub, Ivac, Battlefield 3,COD MW2, Microsoft Publisher, etc.)2.2.10● Improve the compatibility with multiple anti-virus softwares. (Norton, Kaspersky,Guanija.qq)● Improve the external headphone audio output quality by setting the defualt sample rate to 24bits, 96000Hz starting from the audio driver version 6.0.1.7855. 2.2.7● Disable Nahimic 7.1 channel virtual surround sound effect to support NVIDIAShadowPlay recording.● Fix texture display errors shows up occasionally when running Unity Game Engine. ● Improved the compatibility with Unity 5, PowerDVD 12.● Improved the microphone recording quality. (Build-in microphone recording supportsAcoustic Echo Cancellation & Beamforming)1.2.13● Fix FIFA 16 game crashes isssues.● Fix the Nahimic Sound Effect can't apply on Microsoft Edge (Version: 25.10586.0.0). ● Improve the compatibility with ArchiCAD.1.2.12● Fix PowerDVD 12 pops error message and crashes when an external monitor isconnected via HDMI port and playing video with either duplicate or exted mode.● Fix Internet Explorer pops duplicate windows after right click on the task bar and call outnew IE window.1.2.9● Fix pop up error message "OneDrive.exe - Application Error" when trying to restart orshut down the system.1.2.2● Fix Google Translation pronouncing distorted sound via Internet Explorer 11. What’s new with Nahimic 2?● Enhanced user interface gives more detailed and precise controllers.6 pre-defined equalizers and 1 customizable curve.Added controls for music experts, including output format, sample/bit rate, channelgain, and ASIO support. ● HD Audio Recorder 2Allows users to assign hotkeys to sound clips.Each sound clip can be defined by a different color.Total 3 unique config, and 1 of the config can be used at any time. ● Sound TrackerThe cursor shown in the user interface helps gamer to identify directions of potentialthreats.Find the Sound Tracker compatible games list from the Nahimic website .● Fix Nahimic control panel can’t be adjusted.● Improved the compatibility with multiple software. (GTA V, IE)Nahimic Audio Driver (or above version)2.3.21 6.0.1.8166 2.3.20 6.0.1.8166 2.3.17 6.0.1.8083 2.3.15 6.0.1.8067 2.3.14 6.0.1.8053 2.3.12 6.0.1.8010 2.3.10 6.0.1.7960 2.3.8 6.0.1.7960 2.3.4 6.0.1.7917 2.3 6.0.1.7885 2.2.10 6.0.1.7855 2.2.7 6.0.1.7818 2.2.3 6.0.1.7796 1.2.13 6.0.1.7743 6.0.1.7745 1.2.12 6.0.1.7680 6.0.1.7712 1.2.11 6.0.1.7745 1.2.9 6.0.1.7629 1.2.26.0.1.7534Nahimic and Driver Comparison TableEach version of Nahimic can only work with the specific audio drivers. To know Nahimic version and its compatible audio driver, please refer to the table below.。

所有船舶常用的英文缩写

所有船舶常用的英文缩写

第一部分1A/B Above Base Line基准线以上2A/C Anticorrosive Paint防腐涂料3A/F Antifouling Paint防污漆4ABS American Bureau of Shipping美国船级社5Abt Abt (About )大约,关于6ACCOM.Accommodation船室,居住区7ACCM.L Accommodation Ladder舷梯8ACCU Automatic control system certified for unattended eng. Room无人机舱自动控制系统鉴定9AFRAMAX Average Freight Rate Assessment at the max. of Deadweight C.O.T最大负载时平均运费率评估10 A.P Bhd After Peak Bulkhead船尖舱舱壁11ANSI American National Standards Institute美国国家标准协会12AP After Perpendicular艉垂线13API American Petroleum Institute美国石油组织14APT After Peak Tank尾尖舱15ARPA Automatic Rader Plotting Aids自动雷达测图仪16ASTM American Society of Testing Materials美国材料实验协会17 B mld Moulded Breadth型宽18B/C Bulk Carrier散货船19 B.L Base line基线20Basic Design基本设计21Ballast Control Room压载控制室22BHP Brake Horse Power制动马力23BOG Boil-off Gas蒸发气体24BOM Bill of Material材料清单25Bkt Bracket支架,肘板26BHD Bulkhead隔壁, 防水壁27C/H Cargo Hold货舱28 C.T Cable Trunk电缆管道29CCI Class Comment Item船级社说明项目30CCR Cargo Control31C, C/L Center Line中心线32 C.G Center of Gravity重心33Cert.Certificate证书34CFR Code of Federal Regulations联合代码35CGT Compensated Gross Tonnage补偿总吨36 C.L Chain Locker锚链舱37C/Eng.Chief Engineer轮机长38C/D Cofferdam隔离舱,围堰39COLREG International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea国际海上避碰规则40Corr. Bhd Corrugated Bulkhead波形舱壁41COT Crude Oil Tanker原油油船42COT Cargo Oil Tank货油舱43CPU Central Processing Unit中央处理器44CRI Client Request Item船东的要求项目45Cyl. Liner Cylinder Liner气缸套46 D mld Moulded Depth型深47D/B Double Bottom双层底48D/B W.B.T Double Bottom Water Ballast Tank双层底水压载舱49Td Designed Load Draft设计满载吃水50DGPS Differential Global Positioning System微型全球定位系统51D/G Diesel Generator柴油发电器(D/G) 52DLW Design Load Water Line设计载重水线53DNV Det Norske Veritas挪威船级社54DOT Diesel Oil柴油55DWT Deadweight Tonnage载重量56E/Rm Arr't Engine Room Arr't机舱布置图57ECR Engine Control Room发动机控制台58EHP Effective Horse Power有效马力59Elev.Elevation侧面图60Fab Fabrication加工61FEM Finite Element Method有限单元法62FEU Forty-Feet Equivalent Unit40尺集装箱63FOC Fuel Oil Consumption燃料消耗量64F'cle Dk Forecastle Deck首楼甲板65FP Fore Perpendicular船首垂线66FPP Fixed Pitch Propeller定螺距螺旋浆67FPSO Floating Production,Storage and Offloading Vessel浮式生产储油卸油船68FPT Forepeak Tank首尖舱69Fr.Frame构架70 F.S Frame Space肋骨间隔71FWT Fresh Water Tank淡水舱72G/A General Arrangement总体布置图73GL Germanisher Lloyd德国船级74GM Metacentric Height稳心高度75GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System全球海上遇险和安全系统76GT Gross Tonnage总吨数77HFO Heavy Fuel Oil重质燃油78H.T.C.W.S High Temp. Cooling Water System高温冷却水系统79I/E Inclining Experiment倾斜试验80IACS International Association of Classification Socities国际船级联合会81ICCP Impressed Current Cathodic Protection外加电流阴极防护82ID Identification No.身份证号码83IEC International Electrotechnical Commission国际电气标准会议84IGC International Gas Code国际气体代码85ILLC International Load Line Convention国际船舶载重线协定86ILO International Labor Organization国际劳动机构87IMDG International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code国际海上危险物规定88IMO International Maritime Organization国际海上机构89INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite system国际海上卫星系统90INS Integrated Navigation System综合式集成导航系统91IOPP International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate国际防止原油污染证书92ISO International Standardization Organization国际标准化机构93ITU International Telecommunication Union国际电子通信联盟94JB Junction Box接线盒,分线盒95JIS Japanese Industrial Standard日本标准工业规则96K/L Keel Laying铺设龙骨97KR Korean Register of Shipping韩国船级协会98KS Korean Industrial Standard韩国工业标准99Kts Knots节(船速)100L/C Launching下水101LBP Length Between Perpendiculars两柱间长102LCG Longitudinal Center of Gravity纵方向上重心103LNG Liquified Natural Gas液态天然气104LO Lubricating Oil润滑油105LOA Length Over all全长106Longl. Bhd Longitudinal Bulkhead纵舱壁107L.S Longitudinal Space纵通材间隔108LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas液化石油气109LR Lloyd's Register of Shipping英国船级社110L.O Stor. Tk Lub. Oil Storage Tank润滑油储存舱111M/V Motor Vessel内燃机船112MARPOL The Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships海洋防船舶污染113MDO Marine Diesel Oil船用柴油114MEPC Maritime Environment Protection Committee海洋环境保护委员会115MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identification No.海洋移动通信认证号116MSC Maritime Safety Committee海事安全委员会117NK Nippon Kaiji Kyokai日本船级社118NM Nautical Mile海里(合 1.852公里)119NMD Norwegian Maritime Directorate挪威海事高级别会议120NT Net Tonnage净吨数121OBO Ore-Bulk-Oil Carrier矿石散装油轮122OCIMF Oil Companies' International Maritime Forum油类公司的国际海事法庭123ODME Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment油泄监视设备124P & ID Piping and Instrumentation Diagram管路及仪器装设系统图125P/C Product Carrier油船,成品油船126P/N Part Number零件编号127PCC Pure Car Carrier纯载车船128PO Purchase Order订购单129POR Purchase Order Request订购单要求130P.E Pre-Erection先行合拢131PSC Port State Control港口国管理132QCV Quick Closing Valve速闭阀133R & D Research and Development研究开发134RINA Registro Italiano Navale意大利船级135Rise of Floor船底倾斜度136RO/RO Roll-On/Roll-Off) Ship滚装船137Rolling横倾138RS Russia Register of Shipping俄罗斯船舶检验局139SATCOM Satellite Communication卫星通信140SBG See Berufasgenossenshaft德国船舶安全事项检查机关141SC Steel Casting铸钢件142Sec.Section剖面图143SF Stowage Factor积载因素144SHP Shaft Horse Power轴马力145SLWL Summer Load Water Line夏季满载吃水线146SNAME The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers造船与轮机工程师协会147SNMA Swedish National Maritime Administration瑞典海事局148SOLAS(Safety of Life at Sea) Convention海上人命安全公约149Spec.Specification详细说明书150SPM Single Point Mooring单点泊系151S/C Steel Cutting切割刚材152S/G Rm Steering Gear Room舵机室153S/T Stern Tube Cooling Water Tank艉轴管冷却水舱154stiff.Stiffener加强件155Stri.)Stringer纵梁(纵向加强肋,吊绳) 156SUS Stainless Steel不锈钢157SWBM Still Water Bending Moment静水中弯曲力矩158SWL Safe Working Load安全工作负荷159sym.Symmetrical对称的160T/Top Tank Top内底板液舱顶盖161TCG Transverse Center of Gravity横向重心162TEU(Twenty-Feet Equivalent Unit)20英尺集装箱163TPC Tonnes per Centimeter Immersion每厘米吃水吨数164ULCC Ultra Large Crude Oil Carrier 300K超大型原油运输船(300K以上)165UMS Unattended Machinery Space无人机械区166USCG United States Coast Guard美国海岸警卫队167VCG Vertical Center of Gravity垂直重心168V/D Vendor Drawing制作者图纸169V/L Vertical Ladder直梯170VLBC Very Large Bulk Carrier超大型散货船171VLCC Very Large Crude Oil Carrier超大型原油运输船172VRC Valve Remote Control远距离控制阀173W-1One-man Watch Keeping一人持续操作174W.T Bhd Watertight Bulkhead水密舱墙175WBT Water Ballast Tank压载水舱第二部分ABS (American Bureau of Standard)美国船级社ANG (Angle Bar)角钢BFE (Builder Furnish Equipment)建造商提供设备BG (Bulk Carrier)散货船BHD (Bulkhead)舱壁BHP (Break Horsepower)制动马力BL (Base Line)基线BM (Breadth Molded)型宽BV (Bureau Veritas)法国船级社CAD (Computer Aided Design)计算机辅助设计CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing)计算机辅助制造CB (Center of Buoyancy)浮心CCS (China Classification Society)中国船级社CF (Center of Floatation)漂心CFE (Contractor Furnish Equipment)承包商提供设备CG (Center of Gravity)重心CH (Channel)槽钢CM (Metacenter)稳心CPP (The Controllable Pitch Propeller)可调螺距桨CS (Carbon Steel)碳素钢DB (Double Bottom)双层底DK (Deck)甲板DM (Depth Molded)型深DNV (Det Norske Veritas)挪威船级社DWG (Drawing)图DWL (Design Waterline)设计水线DWT (Deadweight)载重量FAT (Factory Acceptance Test)工厂验收试验FB (Flat Bar)扁钢FEM (Finite Element Method)有限元法FPSO (Floating Production Storage Offloading) 浮(船)式生产储油卸油系统FSO (Floating Storage Offloading)浮(船)式储油卸油系统Fwd (Forward)向船艏GL (Germanischer Lloyd)德国船级社GM (Metacentric Height)初稳心高HP (Half Bulb Plate)球扁钢LBP (Length between Perpendiculars)垂线间长LCG (Longitudinal Center of Gravity)纵向重心LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas Vessel) 液化石油气船LOA (Overall Length)总长Long. (Longitudinal)纵骨LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas Vessel) 液化天然气船LR (Lloyd's Register)英国劳氏船级社MDK (Main Deck)主甲板MODU (Mobile Offshore Drilling Units)移动式近海钻井平台MS (Mild Steel)低碳钢MTO (Material Takeoff)材料估算NK (Nippon Kaiji Kyokai)日本海事协会OFE (Owner Furnished Equipment)船东提供设备OT (Oil Tight)油密PL (Plate)板RI (Register Italian)意大利船级社SB (Starboard)右舷Semi- (Semi-submersible Platform)半潜式钻井平台STLP (Suspended Tension Leg Platform)悬式张力腿平台TCG (Transverse Center of Gravity)横向重心TEU (Twenty-foot equivalent Unit)20英尺国际标准集装箱TLP (Tension Leg Platform)张力腿平台UCLL (Ultra Large Crude Carrier)超大型油船VCG (Vertical Center of Gravity)垂向重心VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier)特大型油船WB(Web Bar)腹板WL (Waterline)水线WT (Water Tight)水密MECHANICAL & PIPING(轮机):AHU (Air Handling Unit)通风装置BHP (Break Horsepower)制动马力A/C (Air Compressor)空气压缩机A/C (Air Conditioning)空调BB (Ball Bearing)滚珠轴承BRG (Bearing)轴承CAS NUT(Castle Nut)蝶型螺帽CCR (Central Control Room)中心控制室COW (Crude Oil Washing)原油洗舱DFO (Diesel Fuel Oil)柴油DPS (Dynamic Position System)动力定位系统DT (Double-Thread)双头螺纹FS (Forged Steel)锻钢FW (Fresh Water)淡水FO (Fuel Oil)燃油GRP (Glass-reinforced Plastic)玻璃钢HVAV (Heating Ventilation and Air-condition)暖通空调系统HPU (Hydraulic Power Unit)液压工作站LSA (Life Saving Apparatus)救生器具LCC (Local Control Console)机旁控制台LO (Lube Oil)滑油MDO (Marine Diesel Oil)船用柴油OS (Operation System)操作系统PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)逻辑控制单元PMS (Power Manage System)动力管理系统ELECTRICAL(电气):AC (Alternative Current)交流电AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulation)自动电压调整计CCTV (Closed Circuit Television)闭路电视CMS (Cargo Monitoring System)货物监控系统DC (Direct Current)直流电DFT (Dry Film Thickness)干膜DG (Diesel Generator)柴油发电机DVD (Digital Video Disc) 数字化视频光盘EMSP (Emergency Shutter Panel)应急关断板ESS (Emergence Shutdown System)应急关闭系统GPS (Global Position System)全球定位系统HG (Harbor Generator)停泊发电机HT (High Temperature)高温JB (Junction Box)接线盒LED (Light Emitting Diode)发光二极管LT (Low Temperature)低温MCU (Main Control Unit)主控器箱MG (Main Generator)主发电机MUR (Manual Voltage Regulation)手动调压器NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) 国际电气制造业协会PA (Public Address System)公共寻呼系统PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)脉宽调制ST (Starter)启动器SWBD (Switch Board)配电盘,配电板UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)不间断电源VCR (Video Cassette Recorder)录像机PAINTING(涂装):ARD (Alkyd Resin Deck)醇酸树脂甲板漆ARF (Alkyd Resin Finish)醇酸树脂面漆ARP (Alkyd Resin Primer)醇酸树脂底漆A/C (Anti-corrosive Paint)防腐漆CAF (Compressed Asbestos Fiber)压缩石棉填料EDP (Epoxy Deck Paint)环氧甲板漆EFP (Epoxy Finish Paint)环氧面漆EPP (Epoxy Primer Paint)环氧底漆ETPF (Epoxy Tank Paint Finish)环氧舱室面漆ETPP (Epoxy Tank Paint Primer)环氧舱室底漆ETP (Epoxy Topside Paint)环氧干舷漆ERL (Erosion Resistant Lacquer)防腐漆ECP (Etching Primer) 磷化底漆EPR (Ethylene-Propylene Rubber)乙丙橡胶F/C (Finish Coating)面漆IZP (Inorganic Zinc Primer)无机锌底漆IZSP (Inorganic Zinc Shop Primer)无机锌车间底漆UTP (Polyurethane Topside Primer)聚氨脂干舷漆TE (Tar Epoxy Paint)环氧焦油漆VTP (Vinyl Tar Primer)聚乙烯焦油底漆ZRP (Zinc Rich Primer)富锌底漆WELDING and Material(焊接与材料)ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials)美国材料实验协会AWS (American Welding Society)美国焊接协会FCAW (Flux Cored Arc Welding)药芯焊丝电弧焊FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Polyester)玻璃钢GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding)气体保护金属极电弧焊GRP (Glass Reinforced Polyester)玻璃钢GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding)气体保护钨极电弧焊GW (Gravity Welding)重力焊MPI (Magnetic Particle Inspection) 磁粒检验NDE (Nondestructive Evaluation)无损鉴定NDT (Nondestructive Testing)非破坏性检验PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride)聚氯乙烯S/W (Spot Weld) 点焊SAW (Submerge Arc Welding)埋弧焊SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)手弧焊UT (Ultrasonic Test)超声波检验WPS (Welding Procedure Sheet)焊接程序表WQT (Welding Qualification Test)焊工资格检验OTHERS(其它):AE (Assistant Engineer)助理工程师ANSI (American National Standards Institute)美国国家标准局API (American Petroleum Institute)美国石油协会ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)美国机械工程师协会Bbls (Barrels) 桶(美制容量单位 1桶 = 159升),C.E. (Chief Engineer) 总工程师CEO (Chief Executive Officer)首席执行总裁CIS (Chinese Industrial Standard)中国工业标准CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Company)中国海洋石油总公司Co Ltd.(Company Limited)(股份)有限公司cu.ft. (Cubic Feet) 立方英尺cu.in. (Cubic Inch) 立方英寸GB (Guo Biao)国标GM (General Manage)总经理H.Q. (Headquarters) 总部HSE (Health, Safety & Environment)健康,安全和环保ID (Inner Dimension)内径IEC (International Electro technical Commission)国际电工协会IMO (Intergovernmental Marine Organization)国际海事组织ISO (International Standardization Organization)国际标准化协会ITU (International Telecommunication Union)国际电信联盟Ksi (kilopounds per square inch)千磅/平方英寸N/A (None Applicable)不适用NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineer)全国防蚀工程师协会NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)国家防火协会OD (outer Dimension)外径QA (Quality Assurance)质量保证QC (Quality Control)质量管理(检查)ST (Short Ton)短吨SOLAS (International Convention of the Safety of Life at Sea)国际海上人命安全公约Spec. (specification)说明书,规格书sq.ft. (Square Feet) 平方英尺sq.in. (Square Inch) 平方英寸PROPER NOUN(专有名词):Basic Design(基础设计): Preparation of specification and plans/drawings outlining the design and in sufficient detail to gain Class approval.总括性的设计规格书和图纸等,其详细程度仅足可以通过船级社认可其设计思想。

船舶常用英文缩写大全

船舶常用英文缩写大全

1A/B Above Base Line基准线以上2A/C Anticorrosive Paint防腐涂料3A/F Antifouling Paint防污漆4ABS American Bureau of Shipping美国船级社5Abt Abt (About )大约,关于6ACCOM.Accommodation船室,居住区7ACCM.L Accommodation Ladder舷梯8ACCU Automatic control system certified for unattended eng.Room无人机舱自动控制系统鉴定9AFRAMAX Average Freight Rate Assessment at the max. of DeadweightC.O.T最大负载时平均运费率评估10 A.P Bhd After Peak Bulkhead船尖舱舱壁11ANSI American National Standards Institute美国国家标准协会12AP After Perpendicular艉垂线13API American Petroleum Institute美国石油组织14APT After Peak Tank尾尖舱15ARPA Automatic Rader Plotting Aids自动雷达测图仪16ASTM American Society of Testing Materials美国材料实验协会17 B mld Moulded Breadth型宽18B/C Bulk Carrier散货船19 B.L Base line基线20Basic Design基本设计21Ballast Control Room压载控制室22BHP Brake Horse Power制动马力23BOG Boil-off Gas蒸发气体24BOM Bill of Material材料清单25Bkt Bracket支架,肘板26BHD Bulkhead隔壁, 防水壁27C/H Cargo Hold货舱28 C.T Cable Trunk电缆管道29CCI Class Comment Item船级社说明项目30CCR Cargo Control31C, C/L Center Line中心线32C.G Center of Gravity重心33Cert.Certificate证书34CFR Code of Federal Regulations联合代码35CGT Compensated Gross Tonnage补偿总吨36C.L Chain Locker锚链舱37C/Eng. Chief Engineer轮机长38C/D Cofferdam隔离舱,围堰39COLREG International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea国际海上避碰规则40Corr. Bhd Corrugated Bulkhead波形舱壁41COT Crude Oil Tanker原油油船42COT Cargo Oil Tank货油舱43CPU Central Processing Unit中央处理器44CRI Client Request Item船东的要求项目45Cyl. Liner Cylinder Liner气缸套46 D mld Moulded Depth型深47D/B Double Bottom双层底48D/B W.B.T Double Bottom Water Ballast Tank双层底水压载舱49Td Designed Load Draft设计满载吃水50DGPS Differential Global Positioning System微型全球定位系统51D/G Diesel Generator柴油发电器(D/G)52DLW Design Load Water Line设计载重水线53DNV Det Norske Veritas挪威船级社54DOT Diesel Oil柴油55DWT Deadweight Tonnage载重量56E/Rm Arr't Engine Room Arr't机舱布置图57ECR Engine Control Room发动机控制台58EHP Effective Horse Power有效马力59Elev.Elevation侧面图60Fab Fabrication加工61FEM Finite Element Method有限单元法62FEU Forty-Feet Equivalent Unit40尺集装箱63FOC Fuel Oil Consumption燃料消耗量64F'cle Dk Forecastle Deck首楼甲板65FP Fore Perpendicular船首垂线66FPP Fixed Pitch Propeller定螺距螺旋浆67FPSO Floating Production,Storage and Offloading Vessel浮式生产储油卸油船68FPT Forepeak Tank首尖舱69Fr.Frame构架70 F.S Frame Space肋骨间隔71FWT Fresh Water Tank淡水舱72G/A General Arrangement总体布置图73GL Germanisher Lloyd德国船级74GM Metacentric Height稳心高度75GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System全球海上遇险和安全系统76GT Gross Tonnage总吨数77HFO Heavy Fuel Oil重质燃油78H.T.C.W.S High Temp. Cooling Water System高温冷却水系统79I/E Inclining Experiment倾斜试验80IACS International Association of Classification Socities国际船级联合会81ICCP Impressed Current Cathodic Protection外加电流阴极防护82ID Identification No.身份证号码83IEC International Electrotechnical Commission国际电气标准会议84IGC International Gas Code国际气体代码85ILLC International Load Line Convention国际船舶载重线协定86ILO International Labor Organization国际劳动机构87IMDG International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code国际海上危险物规定88IMO International Maritime Organization国际海上机构89INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite system国际海上卫星系统90INS Integrated Navigation System综合式集成导航系统91IOPP International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate国际防止原油污染证书92ISO International Standardization Organization国际标准化机构93ITU International Telecommunication Union国际电子通信联盟94JB Junction Box接线盒,分线盒95JIS Japanese Industrial Standard日本标准工业规则96K/L Keel Laying铺设龙骨97KR Korean Register of Shipping韩国船级协会98KS Korean Industrial Standard韩国工业标准99Kts Knots节(船速)100L/C Launching下水101LBP Length Between Perpendiculars两柱间长102LCG Longitudinal Center of Gravity纵方向上重心103LNG Liquified Natural Gas液态天然气104LO Lubricating Oil润滑油105LOA Length Over all全长106Longl. Bhd Longitudinal Bulkhead纵舱壁107L.S Longitudinal Space纵通材间隔108LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas液化石油气109LR Lloyd's Register of Shipping英国船级社110L.O Stor. Tk Lub. Oil Storage Tank润滑油储存舱111M/V Motor Vessel内燃机船112MARPOL The Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships海洋防船舶污染113MDO Marine Diesel Oil船用柴油114MEPC Maritime Environment Protection Committee海洋环境保护委员会115MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identification No.海洋移动通信认证号116MSC Maritime Safety Committee海事安全委员会117NK Nippon Kaiji Kyokai日本船级社118NM Nautical Mile海里(合1.852公里)119NMD Norwegian Maritime Directorate挪威海事高级别会议120NT Net Tonnage净吨数121OBO Ore-Bulk-Oil Carrier矿石散装油轮122OCIMF Oil Companies' International Maritime Forum油类公司的国际海事法庭123ODME Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment油泄监视设备124P & ID Piping and Instrumentation Diagram管路及仪器装设系统图125P/C Product Carrier油船,成品油船126P/N Part Number零件编号127PCC Pure Car Carrier纯载车船128PO Purchase Order订购单129POR Purchase Order Request订购单要求130P.E Pre-Erection先行合拢131PSC Port State Control港口国管理132QCV Quick Closing Valve速闭阀133R & D Research and Development研究开发134RINA Registro Italiano Navale意大利船级135Rise of Floor船底倾斜度136RO/RO Roll-On/Roll-Off) Ship滚装船137Rolling横倾138RS Russia Register of Shipping俄罗斯船舶检验局139SATCOM Satellite Communication卫星通信140SBG See Berufasgenossenshaft德国船舶安全事项检查机关141SC Steel Casting铸钢件142Sec. Section剖面图143SF Stowage Factor积载因素144SHP Shaft Horse Power轴马力145SLWL Summer Load Water Line夏季满载吃水线146SNAME The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers造船与轮机工程师协会147SNMA Swedish National Maritime Administration瑞典海事局148SOLAS(Safety of Life at Sea) Convention海上人命安全公约149Spec.Specification详细说明书150SPM Single Point Mooring单点泊系151S/C Steel Cutting切割刚材152S/G Rm Steering Gear Room舵机室153S/T Stern Tube Cooling Water Tank艉轴管冷却水舱154stiff.Stiffener加强件155Stri.)Stringer纵梁(纵向加强肋,吊绳)156SUS Stainless Steel不锈钢157SWBM Still Water Bending Moment静水中弯曲力矩158SWL Safe Working Load安全工作负荷159sym.Symmetrical对称的160T/Top Tank Top内底板液舱顶盖161TCG Transverse Center of Gravity横向重心162TEU(Twenty-Feet Equivalent Unit)20英尺集装箱163TPC Tonnes per Centimeter Immersion每厘米吃水吨数164ULCC Ultra Large Crude Oil Carrier 300K超大型原油运输船(300K以上)165UMS Unattended Machinery Space无人机械区166USCG United States Coast Guard美国海岸警卫队167VCG Vertical Center of Gravity垂直重心168V/D Vendor Drawing制作者图纸169V/L Vertical Ladder直梯170VLBC Very Large Bulk Carrier超大型散货船171VLCC Very Large Crude Oil Carrier超大型原油运输船172VRC Valve Remote Control远距离控制阀173W-1One-man Watch Keeping一人持续操作174W.T Bhd Watertight Bulkhead水密舱墙175WBT Water Ballast Tank压载水舱欢迎您的下载,资料仅供参考!致力为企业和个人提供合同协议,策划案计划书,学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。

中文莫尔斯电码对照表

中文莫尔斯电码对照表

中文莫尔斯电码对照表中文莫尔斯电码表、9977。

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杭州誉之声视听科技有限公司介绍企业发展分析报告

杭州誉之声视听科技有限公司介绍企业发展分析报告

Enterprise Development专业品质权威Analysis Report企业发展分析报告杭州誉之声视听科技有限公司免责声明:本报告通过对该企业公开数据进行分析生成,并不完全代表我方对该企业的意见,如有错误请及时联系;本报告出于对企业发展研究目的产生,仅供参考,在任何情况下,使用本报告所引起的一切后果,我方不承担任何责任:本报告不得用于一切商业用途,如需引用或合作,请与我方联系:杭州誉之声视听科技有限公司1企业发展分析结果1.1 企业发展指数得分企业发展指数得分杭州誉之声视听科技有限公司综合得分说明:企业发展指数根据企业规模、企业创新、企业风险、企业活力四个维度对企业发展情况进行评价。

该企业的综合评价得分需要您得到该公司授权后,我们将协助您分析给出。

1.2 企业画像类别内容行业空资质增值税一般纳税人产品服务工程、信息系统工程、机电安装工程、城市亮化1.3 发展历程2工商2.1工商信息2.2工商变更2.3股东结构2.4主要人员2.5分支机构2.6对外投资2.7企业年报2.8股权出质2.9动产抵押2.10司法协助2.11清算2.12注销3投融资3.1融资历史3.2投资事件3.3核心团队3.4企业业务4企业信用4.1企业信用4.2行政许可-工商局4.3行政处罚-信用中国4.4行政处罚-工商局4.5税务评级4.6税务处罚4.7经营异常4.8经营异常-工商局4.9采购不良行为4.10产品抽查4.11产品抽查-工商局4.12欠税公告4.13环保处罚4.14被执行人5司法文书5.1法律诉讼(当事人)5.2法律诉讼(相关人)5.3开庭公告5.4被执行人5.5法院公告5.6破产暂无破产数据6企业资质6.1资质许可6.2人员资质6.3产品许可6.4特殊许可7知识产权7.1商标7.2专利7.3软件著作权7.4作品著作权7.5网站备案7.6应用APP7.7微信公众号8招标中标8.1政府招标8.2政府中标8.3央企招标8.4央企中标9标准9.1国家标准9.2行业标准9.3团体标准9.4地方标准10成果奖励10.1国家奖励10.2省部奖励10.3社会奖励10.4科技成果11土地11.1大块土地出让11.2出让公告11.3土地抵押11.4地块公示11.5大企业购地11.6土地出租11.7土地结果11.8土地转让12基金12.1国家自然基金12.2国家自然基金成果12.3国家社科基金13招聘13.1招聘信息感谢阅读:感谢您耐心地阅读这份企业调查分析报告。

市售消炎镇痛膏皮肤刺激性和过敏性试验评价

市售消炎镇痛膏皮肤刺激性和过敏性试验评价

·409·药品评价 Drug Evaluation 2021,18(07)基金项目:江西省重点研发计划项目(20202BBGL73007)作者简介:郑洋滨,硕士,主管药师。

研究方向:药品、药包材生物项目的检验。

E-mail :458737890@通信作者:任琦,硕士,主管药师。

研究方向:中药质量控制与评价研究。

E-mail :jiangxizhongyi2008@市售消炎镇痛膏皮肤刺激性和过敏性试验评价郑洋滨1,刘宁1,艾力奇2,刘波1,洪燕1,任琦11.江西省药品检验检测研究院,国家药品监督管理局中成药质量评价重点实验室,江西省药品与医疗器械质量工程技术研究中心,江西 南昌 330029;2.南昌大学第一附属医院,江西 南昌 330029[摘要]目的:对市售消炎镇痛膏进行皮肤刺激性过敏性进行安全性评价。

方法:参照《中药、天然药物局部刺激和溶血性研究的技术指导原则》《中药天然药物免疫毒性(过敏性、光过敏反应)研究技术指导原则》中皮肤刺激性及皮肤过敏性试验,取不同厂家18批样品、原料和辅料分别进行家兔单次皮肤刺激性试验、多次皮肤刺激性试验和豚鼠皮肤过敏性试验。

结果:所有样品均未出现单次皮肤刺激和过敏反应。

在多次皮肤刺激试验中,4个厂家样品出现轻度皮肤刺激反应,4种原料和辅料分别出现轻度和中度皮肤刺激反应。

结论:市售消炎镇痛膏有较好的安全性。

[关键词]经皮贴片;消炎镇痛膏;皮肤刺激试验;皮肤过敏试验DOI: 10.19939/ki.1672-2809.2021.07.07Experimental Evaluation of Skin Irritation and Hypersensitivity of Xiaoyan Zhentong OintmentZHENG Yangbin 1, LIU Ning 1, AI Liqi 2, LIU Bo 1, HONG Yan 1, REN Qi 11. Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang Jiangxi 330029, China;2. The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330029, China.[Abstract] Objective: To evaluate the safety of Antiphlogistic and analgesic cream for skin irritation and hypersensitivity. Methods: Refer to "the technical guidelines for the study of local irritation and hemolysis of traditional Chinese medicine and natural medicine", and "the technical guidelines for the study of immunotoxicity of natural Chinese medicine (allergic and photoallergic reactions) In the anaphylaxis experiment", 18 batches of samples, raw materials and auxiliary materials from different manufacturers were used for single skin irritation test, multiple skin irritation test and guinea pig skin anaphylaxis test. Results: There was no single skin irritation and allergic reaction in all samples. In many skin irritation experiments, four samples from four manufacturers showed mild skin irritation, and four kinds of raw materials and auxiliary materials showed mild and moderate skin irritation respectively. Conclusion: Antiphlogistic and analgesic cream is safe.[Key Words] Transdermal Patch; Antiphlogistic and analgesic cream; Skinirritation test; Skin allergy test消炎镇痛膏是一种含有薄荷脑、冰片、樟脑、薄荷脑、颠茄流浸膏、麝香草脑、盐酸苯海拉明等药物的中药贴膏剂[1]。

船舶规范,缩写

船舶规范,缩写

船舶规范,缩写篇一:船舶类缩写词大全船舶类缩写词--------------------------------------------------------------------------------缩写词The following abbreviations may be used in the specification:下列缩写词在规格书中可能会用到:A Ampere 安培AC Alternating current 交流电AM Amplitude modulation调幅ACB Air Circuit Breaker 空气断路器AIS Automatic Indentification System 自动识别系统ACMS Automation, Control and Monitoring system 自动操作、控制和监视系统AFFF Aqueous Film-Forming Foam 水成膜泡沫ANSI American National Standards Institute 美国国家标准协会ARCS Admiralty Raster Chart ServiceARPA Automatic Radar Plotting Aids 自动雷达标绘仪 BS British Standard大不列颠标准B&amp;W Black &amp; White 黑和白CD Compact disk光盘CAD Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计CCR Cargo Control Room 货舱控制室CCS Cargo Control Station 货舱控制站CIP Cleaning In Process 程序清洁处理COW Crude Oil Washing COW原油洗舱CRT Cathode-Ray Tube (Monitor) 阴极射线管CCMS Cargo Control and Monitoring System 货舱控制和监控系统CCTV Closed circuit television (camera system) 闭路电视(摄影机系统)COLREG Convention on International Regulation for Preventing Collision at Sea 国际海上防腐规章规范DC Direct current直流电DN Diameter Nominal公称直径DFT Dry film thickness 干膜厚度DIN Deutsche Industrial Normen 德国工业标准DSC Digital selective-call 数字选择呼叫DGPS Differential Global Positioning System 差全球定位系统ER Engine room机舱EX Explosion (proof)爆炸(防止)ECR Engine control room 机控室EGC Enhanced Group Call 加强群体呼号EMI Electro Magnetic Interference 电磁干扰ENC Electronic Navigation Chart (vector format) 电子导航图(向量格式)ESP Enhanced Survey ProgramFC Frequency Converter变频器FM Frequency modulation调频FO Fuel oil (Incl. such as HFO, MDO, 船用汽油)燃油(包括重燃油、船用柴油、船用汽油)FU Follow up硬反馈FW Fresh Water淡水FRP Fiber Reinforced Polyester 纤维加强聚酯FMEA Failure Mode Effect Analysis 故障形式效果分析 GA General Arrangement总布置图GS General Service (pump)一般用途(泵)GMT Greenwich Mean Time 格林卫制标准时间GPS Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GRE Glass fiber Reinforced Epoxy 玻璃纤维加固环氧GRP Glassfiber Reinforced Polyester 玻璃纤维增强塑料管GSM Global System for Mobile telecommunications 移动通信全球系统GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System海上遇险和安全系统GRVE Glassfibre Reinforced Plastic with Vinyl ester resin 玻璃纤维强化乙烯基树脂塑料HF High frequency 高频(3000 kHz – 30 MHz)HFO Heavy Fuel Oil 重燃油HP High Pressure高压HT High T emperature高温HCL Hydrochloric Acid 盐酸HRC High Rupture Capacity 高断开能力HSD High Speed Data 高速率数据HDOP Horizontal Dilution Of Precision 水平精度因子 HV AC Heat, Ventilation- and Air-condition 加热、通风和空调Hz Hertz赫兹I/O In/Out 进/出IAS Integrated Automation System 综合自动控制系统IDD International Direct Dialing 国际直接拨号IEC International Electrotechnical Commission 国际电工技术委员会IGS Inert Gas System 惰性气体系统IHO International Hydrographic Organization 国际ILO International Labor Organization 国际劳动力组织 IMO International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织ISO International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织ITU International T elecommunication Union 国际电信联盟IACS International Association of Classification Societies 国际船级社联合会IALA International Association of Lighthouse Authorities 国际灯塔权协会IAPP International Air Pollution Prevention (certificate) 国际空气防污染(证书)ILLC International Load Line Convention 国际载重线规范ICCP Impressed Current Cathodic Protection 外加电流阴极保护ISPS International Code for the Security of Ships and of Port Facilities 国际船舶和港口设备安全编码IOPP International Oil Pollution Prevention 国际防油污染INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite Organization国际海事卫星组织JSQC Japanese Shipbuilding Standard 日本造船标准kW Kilo Watt千瓦LO Lube Oil滑油LT Low T emperature低温LAN Local Area Network 局域网LCD Liquid crystal dis(来自: 小龙文档网:船舶规范,缩写)play 液晶显示LCV Lower Calorific Value 低热值LMT Local Mean Time 地方平均时LS FO Low Sulphure Fuel Oil低硫燃油ME Main engine主机MF Medium frequency (300 kHz –3000 kHz)中频(300 kHz – 3000 kHz) MCB Moulded Circuit Breaker 模制断路器MCR Maximum Continues Rating 最大连续速率MCS Machinery Control Station 机控站MDO Marine Diesel Oil 船用柴油MGO船用汽油Marine Gas Oil 船用汽油MOB Man Over-Board boatMSB Main Switchboard 主配电板MSC Maritime Safety Committee 海事安全委员会MAMS Machinery Alarm and Monitoring Station 海事报警和监控站MCCB Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (used for heavy consumers, in MSB etc) 断路器模制箱(用作大功率电器,在MSB等)MAMACS Machinery Alarm, Monitoring, Automation and Control System 机械报警、监控、自动操作和控制系统MARPOL The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 国际船上防污染公约NDT Non Destructive T est 非破坏性试验NFU Non-Follow Up 软反馈NOx Nitrogen Oxide 氮的氧化物NMEA National Marine Electronics Association 国际海上电子协会OTP Oil Transfer Procedure 油输送程序OCIMF Oil Companies International Marine Forum石油公司国际海事论坛ODME Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment 油排放监控设备PC Personal Computer个人计算机Ph Phase (current)相(电流)PS Port Side左舷侧PBS Planned Maintenance System 定期维修制PCB PolyChlorinated Biphenyls 多氯联二苯PCP PolyChloroPrene 氯丁橡胶PDF Portable Document Format (file format created by Adobe Systems) 便携式文件格式(Adobe系统开创的文件格式)PEP Peak Envelope Power (Average power of a signal at its largest amplitude peak.) 峰包功率(信号在其最大振幅时的平均功率)PMS Power Management System 动力管理系统PPI Plan Position Indicator 平面位置显示器PTT Press to talk 按键通话PVC Polyvinyl Chloride 聚氯乙烯PTFE Polytetrafluorethylene 聚四氟乙烯PVCS Polyvinyl Chloride Sheeted 片状聚氯乙烯篇二:船舶常用英文缩写大全1 A/BAbove Base Line 基准线以上2 A/CAnticorrosive Paint 防腐涂料3 A/FAntifouling Paint 防污漆4 ABSAmerican Bureau of Shipping 美国船级社5 AbtAbt (About ) 大约,关于6 ACCOM.Accommodation 船室,居住区7 ccommodation Ladder 舷梯8 ACCUAutomatic control system certified for unattended eng. Room 无人机舱自动控制系统鉴定9 AFRAMAX Average Freight Rate Assessment at the max. of Deadweight C.O.T 最大负载时平均运费率评估10 A.P BhdAfter Peak Bulkhead 船尖舱舱壁11 ANSIAmerican National Standards Institute 美国国家标准协会12 AP After Perpendicular 艉垂线13 API American Petroleum Institute 美国石油组织14 APT After Peak T ank 尾尖舱15 ARPAAutomatic Rader Plotting Aids 自动雷达测图仪16 ASTMAmerican Society of T esting Materials 美国材料实验协会17 B mldMoulded Breadth 型宽18 B/C Bulk Carrier 散货船19 B.L Base line 基线20 Basic Design 基本设计21 Ballast Control Room 压载控制室22 BHP Brake Horse Power 制动马力23 BOGBoil-off Gas 蒸发气体24 BOMBill of Material 材料清单25 Bkt Bracket 支架,肘板26 BHDBulkhead 隔壁, 防水壁27 C/H Cargo Hold 货舱28 C.T Cable Trunk 电缆管道29 CCI Class Comment Item 船级社说明项目30 CCRCargo Control31 C, C/L Center Line中心线32 C.GCenter of Gravity重心33 Cert.Certificate 证书34 CFRCode of Federal Regulations 联合代码35 CGTCompensated Gross T onnage 补偿总吨36 C.L Chain Locker锚链舱37 C/Eng. Chief Engineer 轮机长38 C/D Cofferdam隔离舱,围堰39 COLREG International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 国际海上避碰规则40 Corr. Bhd Corrugated Bulkhead波形舱壁41 COT Crude Oil T anker 原油油船42COT Cargo Oil T ank 货油舱43CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理器44CRI Client Request Item 船东的要求项目45Cyl. Liner Cylinder Liner气缸套46D mld Moulded Depth 型深47D/BDouble Bottom双层底48D/B W.B.TDouble Bottom Water Ballast T ank 双层底水压载舱49TdDesigned Load Draft设计满载吃水50DGPSDifferential Global Positioning System 微型全球定位系统51D/G Diesel Generator 柴油发电器(D/G)52DLW Design Load Water Line 设计载重水线53DNV Det Norske Veritas 挪威船级社54DOT Diesel Oil 柴油55DWT Deadweight T onnage 载重量56E/Rm Arr&#39;t Engine Room Arr&#39;t 机舱布置图57ECREngine Control Room 发动机控制台58EHP Effective Horse Power 有效马力59Elev. Elevation 侧面图60FabFabrication 加工61FEM Finite Element Method 有限单元法62FEU Forty-Feet Equivalent Unit40尺集装箱63FOC Fuel Oil Consumption 燃料消耗量64F&#39;cle Dk Forecastle Deck 首楼甲板65FPFore Perpendicular船首垂线66FPP Fixed Pitch Propeller 定螺距螺旋浆67 FPSO Floating Production,Storage and Offloading Vessel浮式生产储油卸油船68FPT Forepeak T ank首尖舱69Fr.Frame构架70F.SFrame Space 肋骨间隔71FWT Fresh Water T ank淡水舱72G/A General Arrangement 总体布置图73GL Germanisher Lloyd 德国船级74GM Metacentric Height 稳心高度75GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System 全球海上遇险和安全系统76GT Gross T onnage 总吨数77HFO Heavy Fuel Oil 重质燃油78H.T.C.W.SHigh T emp. Cooling Water System 高温冷却水系统79I/E Inclining Experiment倾斜试验80IACSInternational Association of Classification Socities国际船级联合会81ICCP Impressed Current Cathodic Protection 外加电流阴极防护82ID Identification No. 身份证号码83IECInternational Electrotechnical Commission 国际电气标准会议84IGCInternational Gas Code 国际气体代码85ILLC International Load Line Convention 国际船舶载重线协定86ILOInternational Labor Organization 国际劳动机构 87IMDG International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code 国际海上危险物规定88IMOInternational Maritime Organization 国际海上机构89INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite system 国际海上卫星系统90INSIntegrated Navigation System 综合式集成导航系统91IOPP International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate国际防止原油污染证书92ISOInternational Standardization Organization国际标准化机构93ITUInternational T elecommunication Union国际电子通信联盟94JB Junction Box 接线盒,分线盒95JIS Japanese Industrial Standard 日本标准工业规则96K/L Keel Laying铺设龙骨97KR Korean Register of Shipping 韩国船级协会98KS Korean Industrial Standard 韩国工业标准99Kts Knots节(船速)100 L/C Launching 下水101 LBP Length Between Perpendiculars 两柱间长102 LCG Longitudinal Center of Gravity 纵方向上重心103 LNG Liquified Natural Gas液态天然气104 LO Lubricating Oil 润滑油105 LOA Length Over all全长106 Longl. Bhd Longitudinal Bulkhead 纵舱壁107 L.S Longitudinal Space 纵通材间隔108 LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas液化石油气109 LRLloyd&#39;s Register of Shipping英国船级社110 L.O Stor. Tk Lub. Oil Storage T ank 润滑油储存舱111 M/V Motor Vessel内燃机船112 MARPOLThe Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships海洋防船舶污染113 MDO Marine Diesel Oil船用柴油114 MEPC Maritime Environment Protection Committee海洋环境保护委员会115 MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identification No.海洋移动通信认证号116 MSC Maritime Safety Committee海事安全委员会 117 NK Nippon Kaiji Kyokai日本船级社118 NM Nautical Mile 海里(合1.852公里)119 NMD Norwegian Maritime Directorate 挪威海事高级别会议120 NT Net T onnage净吨数121 OBO Ore-Bulk-Oil Carrier矿石散装油轮122 OCIMFOil Companies&#39; International Maritime Forum油类公司的国际海事法庭123 ODME Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment 油泄监视设备124 P &amp; ID Piping and Instrumentation Diagram 管路及仪器装设系统图125 P/CProduct Carrier 油船,成品油船126 P/NPart Number 零件编号127 PCC Pure Car Carrier 纯载车船128 PO Purchase Order 订购单129 POR Purchase Order Request 订购单要求130 P.E Pre-Erection先行合拢131 PSC Port State Control 港口国管理132 QCV Quick Closing Valve 速闭阀133 R &amp; DResearch and Development 研究开发 134 RINA Registro Italiano Navale 意大利船级135 Rise of Floor船底倾斜度136 RO/RO Roll-On/Roll-Off) Ship滚装船137 Rolling横倾138 RS Russia Register of Shipping 俄罗斯船舶检验局139 SATCOMSatellite Communication 卫星通信140 SBG See Berufasgenossenshaft 德国船舶安全事项检查机关141 SC Steel Casting 铸钢件142 Sec. Section 剖面图143 SF Stowage Factor 积载因素144 SHP Shaft Horse Power 轴马力145 SLWL Summer Load Water Line 夏季满载吃水线146 SNAMEThe Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 造船与轮机工程师协会147 SNMA Swedish National Maritime Administration 瑞典海事局148 SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) Convention海上人命安全公约149 Spec.Specification详细说明书150 SPMSingle Point Mooring 单点泊系151 S/C Steel Cutting切割刚材152 S/G Rm Steering Gear Room舵机室153 S/T Stern Tube Cooling Water T ank 艉轴管冷却水舱154 stiff.Stiffener加强件155 Stri.)Stringer 纵梁(纵向加强肋,吊绳)156 SUS Stainless Steel 不锈钢157 SWBM Still Water Bending Moment 静水中弯曲力矩158 SWLSafe Working Load 安全工作负荷159 sym.Symmetrical对称的160 T/T op T ank T op内底板液舱顶盖161 TCG Transverse Center of Gravity 横向重心162 TEU (Twenty-Feet Equivalent Unit)20英尺集装箱163 TPC T onnes per Centimeter Immersion 每厘米吃水吨数164 ULCC Ultra Large Crude Oil Carrier 300K超大型原油运输船(300K以上)165 UMS Unattended Machinery Space 无人机械区166 USCG United States Coast Guard 美国海岸警卫队167 VCG Vertical Center of Gravity 垂直重心168 V/DVendor Drawing制作者图纸169 V/LVertical Ladder直梯170 VLBC Very Large Bulk Carrier 超大型散货船171 VLCC Very Large Crude Oil Carrier 超大型原油运输船172 VRC Valve Remote Control 远距离控制阀173 W-1One-man Watch Keeping 一人持续操作174 W.T Bhd Watertight Bulkhead水密舱墙175 WBT Water Ballast T ank 压载水舱篇三:船舶英文缩写日志返回日志列表[转] 船舶管理术语英文缩写2014-5-5 06:26 阅读(13) 转载自海之骄子?评论已经是第一篇| 下一篇:船盟与人民交通出...船舶管理术语SMS:安全管理体系DOC:公司安全管理体系符合证明SMC:船舶安全管理证书SOPEP:船舶油污应急计划GMDSS:全球海上遇险和安全系统ISPS CODE:INTERNATIONAL CODE FOR THE SECURITY OF SHIP AND OF PORT FACILITIES 国际船舶和港口设施保安规则RSO:RECOGNIZED SECURITY ORGANIZATION 经认可的保安组织CSO:COMPANY SECURITY OFFICER 公司保安员SSO:SHIP SECURITY OFFICER 船舶保安员SSP:SHIP SECURITY PLAN 船舶保安计划SSA:SHIP SECURITY ASSESSMENT 船舶安全评估PFSO:PORT FACILITY SECURITY OFFICER 港口设施保安员DOS:DECLARATION OF SECURITY 保安声明CSR:CONTINUOUS SYNOPSIS RECORD 连续概要记录SSAS:SHIP SECURITY ALERT SYSTEM 船舶保安警报系统ISSC:INTERNATIONAL SHIP SECURITY CERTIFICATE 国际船舶保安证书EEBD:EMERGENCY ESCAPE BREATHING DEVICE 紧急逃生呼吸装置GMDSS:GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS SAFETY SYSTEM 全球海上遇险与安全系统||| NA VTEX:NA VIGATION TELEPRINTER 航行警告接收机EPIRB:EMERGENCY POSITION IDENTIFICATION RADIO BEACON 应急无线电示位标PSCO:港口国监督检查官AIS:船舶自动识别系统SOLAS74:1974年国际海上人命安全公约STCW CODE:国际海员培训、发证、值班规则STCW78/95:国际海员培训、发证、值班标准公约AS/SS:年检/特检ISM CODE:国际安全管理规则CP-10:船舶和设备的维护程序IMO/ILO:国际海事组织/国际劳工组织MSA/LSA:INTERNATIONAL LIFE-SA VING APPLIANCE CODE 海事局/国际救生设备D.P:指定人员MARPOL73/78:经78年议定书修正的73年国际防止船舶污染公约PSC:港口国监督FSC:船旗国监督BC CODE:散货规则GRAIN CODE:谷物规则IBC CODE:散装化学品规则船舶英文缩写HULL(船体):ABS (American Bureau of Standard)美国船级社ANG (Angle Bar)角钢BFE (Builder Furnish Equipment)建造商提供设备BG (Bulk Carrier)散货船BHD (Bulkhead)舱壁BHP (Break Horsepower)制动马力BL (Base Line)基线BM (Breadth Molded)型宽BV (Bureau Veritas)法国船级社CAD (Computer Aided Design)计算机辅助设计CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing)计算机辅助制造 CB (Center of Buoyancy)浮心CCS (China Classification Society)中国船级社CF (Center of Floatation)漂心CFE (Contractor Furnish Equipment)承包商提供设备CG (Center of Gravity)重心CH (Channel)槽钢CM (Metacenter)稳心CPP (The Controllable Pitch Propeller)可调螺距桨CS (Carbon Steel)碳素钢DB (Double Bottom)双层底DK (Deck)甲板DM (Depth Molded)型深DNV (Det Norske Veritas)挪威船级社DWG (Drawing)图DWL (Design Waterline)设计水线DWT (Deadweight)载重量FAT (Factory Acceptance T est)工厂验收试验FB (Flat Bar)扁钢FEM (Finite Element Method)有限元法FPSO (Floating Production Storage Offloading) 浮(船)式生产储油卸油系统FSO (Floating Storage Offloading)浮(船)式储油卸油系统Fwd (Forward)向船艏GL (Germanischer Lloyd)德国船级社GM (Metacentric Height)初稳心高HP (Half Bulb Plate)球扁钢LBP (Length between Perpendiculars)垂线间长LCG (Longitudinal Center of Gravity)纵向重心LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas Vessel) 液化石油气船LOA (Overall Length)总长Long. (Longitudinal)纵骨LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas Vessel) 液化天然气船LR (Lloyd&#39;s Register)英国劳氏船级社MDK (Main Deck)主甲板MODU (Mobile Offshore Drilling Units)移动式近海钻井平台MS (Mild Steel)低碳钢MTO (Material T akeoff)材料估算NK (Nippon Kaiji Kyokai)日本海事协会OFE (Owner Furnished Equipment)船东提供设备OT (Oil Tight)油密PL (Plate)板RI (Register Italian)意大利船级社SB (Starboard)右舷Semi- (Semi-submersible Platform)半潜式钻井平台STLP (Suspended T ension Leg Platform)悬式张力腿平台TCG (Transverse Center of Gravity)横向重心TEU (Twenty-foot equivalent Unit)20英尺国际标准集装箱TLP (T ension Leg Platform)张力腿平台UCLL (Ultra Large Crude Carrier)超大型油船VCG (Vertical Center of Gravity)垂向重心VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier)特大型油船WB (Web Bar)腹板WL (Waterline)水线WT (Water Tight)水密MECHANICAL &amp; PIPING(轮机):AHU (Air Handling Unit)通风装置BHP (Break Horsepower)制动马力A/C (Air Compressor)空气压缩机A/C (Air Conditioning)空调BB (Ball Bearing)滚珠轴承BRG (Bearing)轴承CAS NUT(Castle Nut)蝶型螺帽CCR (Central Control Room)中心控制室COW (Crude Oil Washing)原油洗舱DFO (Diesel Fuel Oil)柴油DPS (Dynamic Position System)动力定位系统DT (Double-Thread)双头螺纹FS (Forged Steel)锻钢FW (Fresh Water)淡水FO (Fuel Oil)燃油GRP (Glass-reinforced Plastic)玻璃钢HV AV (Heating Ventilation and Air-condition)暖通空调系统HPU (Hydraulic Power Unit)液压工作站LSA (Life Saving Apparatus)救生器具LCC (Local Control Console)机旁控制台LO (Lube Oil)滑油MDO (Marine Diesel Oil)船用柴油OS (Operation System)操作系统PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)逻辑控制单元PMS (Power Manage System)动力管理系统ELECTRICAL(电气):AC (Alternative Current)交流电AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulation)自动电压调整计CCTV (Closed Circuit T elevision)闭路电视CMS (Cargo Monitoring System)货物监控系统DC (Direct Current)直流电DFT (Dry Film Thickness)干膜DG (Diesel Generator)柴油发电机DVD (Digital Video Disc) 数字化视频光盘EMSP (Emergency Shutter Panel)应急关断板ESS (Emergence Shutdown System)应急关闭系统GPS (Global Position System)全球定位系统HG (Harbor Generator)停泊发电机HT (High T emperature)高温JB (Junction Box)接线盒LED (Light Emitting Diode)发光二极管LT (Low T emperature)低温MCU (Main Control Unit)主控器箱MG (Main Generator)主发电机MUR (Manual Voltage Regulation)手动调压器NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) 国际电气制造业协会PA (Public Address System)公共寻呼系统PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)脉宽调制ST (Starter)启动器SWBD (Switch Board)配电盘,配电板UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)不间断电源VCR (Video Cassette Recorder)录像机PAINTING(涂装):ARD (Alkyd Resin Deck)醇酸树脂甲板漆ARF (Alkyd Resin Finish)醇酸树脂面漆ARP (Alkyd Resin Primer)醇酸树脂底漆A/C (Anti-corrosive Paint)防腐漆CAF (Compressed Asbestos Fiber)压缩石棉填料EDP (Epoxy Deck Paint)环氧甲板漆EFP (Epoxy Finish Paint)环氧面漆EPP (Epoxy Primer Paint)环氧底漆ETPF (Epoxy T ank Paint Finish)环氧舱室面漆ETPP (Epoxy T ank Paint Primer)环氧舱室底漆ETP (Epoxy T opside Paint)环氧干舷漆ERL (Erosion Resistant Lacquer)防腐漆ECP (Etching Primer) 磷化底漆EPR (Ethylene-Propylene Rubber)乙丙橡胶F/C (Finish Coating)面漆IZP (Inorganic Zinc Primer)无机锌底漆IZSP (Inorganic Zinc Shop Primer)无机锌车间底漆 UTP (Polyurethane T opside Primer)聚氨脂干舷漆 TE (T ar Epoxy Paint)环氧焦油漆VTP (Vinyl T ar Primer)聚乙烯焦油底漆ZRP (Zinc Rich Primer)富锌底漆WELDING and Material(焊接与材料):ASTM (American Society for T esting Materials)美国材料实验协会AWS (American Welding Society)美国焊接协会FCAW (Flux Cored Arc Welding)药芯焊丝电弧焊FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Polyester)玻璃钢GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding)气体保护金属极电弧焊GRP (Glass Reinforced Polyester)玻璃钢GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding)气体保护钨极电弧焊GW (Gravity Welding)重力焊MPI (Magnetic Particle Inspection) 磁粒检验NDE (Nondestructive Evaluation)无损鉴定NDT (Nondestructive T esting)非破坏性检验PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride)聚氯乙烯S/W (Spot Weld) 点焊SAW (Submerge Arc Welding)埋弧焊SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)手弧焊UT (Ultrasonic T est)超声波检验WPS (Welding Procedure Sheet)焊接程序表WQT (Welding Qualification T est)焊工资格检验评论。

条件反射理论的理解及其在警犬训练中的应用

条件反射理论的理解及其在警犬训练中的应用

1? raining - Behavior 条件反射理论是警犬训练基本理 论,警犬作业能力培养过程就是若干 个条件反射建立和 组合过程。

加深对条件反射理论的理 解将有助于我们提 高警犬训练技术。

条件反射理论的理解及其在警犬训练中的应用于毅理论巴甫洛夫反射理论主要观点是:具有生命的个体和它所处的外 部条件是相互联系的。

高等生物个体和他们所处的外部世界的所有联结实质上就是通过神经体系来联结的。

神经体系与外部世界联结的形 式就是反射。

反射就是当外部世界 和机体内部对生命体产生刺激后,生命个体通过大脑和神经系统产生的应答性反应。

其核心思想就是条 件反射理论,这一理论亦称为经典项目编号:江西省重点研发计划项目20202BBGL73101项目名称:警犬查禁人群携带易燃品及火灾调查关键技术研究22 I 2021.02中国工作犬业性条件反射理论。

巴甫洛夫条件反射理论的形成来源于研究消化生理的实验,也称"摇铃实验”。

在实验中,他选择食物作为非条件刺激,犬吃到食物时会自然地分泌唾液。

他又选择铃声作为中性刺激。

在实验中,巴甫洛夫首先让犬听到铃声,然后立即给它喂食,这时,犬会分泌大量的唾液。

反复多次训练之后,听到铃声后犬就像已经吃到食物一样,自然地分泌唾液。

此时说明条件反射已经形成,原本的中性刺激铃声已经成为引起唾液分泌的条件刺激。

巴甫洛夫的实验印证了条件反射的存在,说明它可以替代非条件反射引起个体相同的反应。

巴甫洛夫的经典性条件反射实验以科学实验的方式给我们揭示了动物行为的学习途径。

一是食物可以使犬流唾液,流唾液是自然的、无法控制的反应,食物是一种非条件刺激;二是铃声不会使犬流唾液,铃声是一种条件刺激;三是把食物和铃声配合起来,使犬学会把这两者联系起来;四是即使没有食物,铃声也可以引起犬流唾液。

这种将两个本没有关联的事物联系在一起,就是条件反射的建立过程。

二、*阵憧条浮廉翩斯金纳是操作性条件反射理论的奠基者,斯金纳箱实验最能说明操作性条件反射原理。

activiti6官方示例笔记

activiti6官方示例笔记

activiti6官⽅⽰例笔记概述要想学习activiti⼯作流, ⼊门便是学习官⽅的⽰例。

下边我将基于官⽅的 demo 做⼀遍流程,考虑⾃⼰的业务该如何基于activiti设计逻辑。

⼯作流要素:流程表单⽤户有了以上 3 ⼤要素,流程便可以流转。

表单绑定在流程节点上,⽤来输⼊当前流程信息⽤户绑定在流程节点上,⽤来处理当前流程任务下载安装⾸先到下载 activiti6.0.0。

对activiti7感兴趣的可以看然后将 war 包置于tomcat/webapps⽬录下,启动 tomcat 即可。

应⽤说明地址帐号/密码activiti-app流程、表单、⽤户、发布、任务...admin/testactiviti-admin平台管理查看流程平台运⾏详情admin/adminactiviti-rest rest-api 接⼝应⽤kermit/kermit应⽤说明地址帐号/密码⽤户管理登录Kickstart App:主要⽤于流程模型管理、表单管理及应⽤(App)管理,⼀个应⽤可以包含多个流程模型,应⽤可发布给其他⽤户使⽤。

Task App:⽤于管理整个 activiti-app 的任务,在该功能⾥⾯也可以启动流程Idenity management:⾝份信息管理,可以管理⽤户、⽤户组等数据创建⽤户创建过程如下,注意 id 即是登录帐号。

依次分别创建 3 个帐号⽤户审批流程。

流程定义在主界⾯点击Kickstart App进⼊流程定义页⾯。

上图中模拟了⼀个请假流程,但是流程的执⾏需要⼈来参与,所以下边我们进⾏流程和帐号绑定。

选定流程节点后点击Assignment属性,会有弹窗进⾏绑定。

同理,将其他节点进⾏绑定。

然后保存关闭即可,可以看到⼀个流程已创建完毕。

动态表单之前的都是基本演⽰,假设我们需要复杂的表单,那么可以在流程节点上绑定表单即可,这⾥做下动态表单的基本演⽰。

1. 选中流程节点,编辑Referenced form, 动态创建节点关联表单。

表面增强拉曼光谱技术在食品安全检测中的应用

表面增强拉曼光谱技术在食品安全检测中的应用
Keywords:surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; food safety; active substrate; application
中图分类号:O657.7
食品安全是重大的民生问题,关系人们的身体健 康和生命安全。对于食品中的食源性致病菌、真菌毒 素、药物残留、食品添加剂及非法化学添加物、重金 属等问题,常用的检测方法有微生物培养法、分子生 物学技术、毛细管电泳技术、高效液相色谱法、气相 色谱 - 质谱法、薄层色谱法以及酶联免疫吸附等 。 [1-6] 这些方法检测过程烦琐、耗时,所需仪器设备复杂, 并且对检验人员有一定的要求,难以满足现场快速检 测和大规模样品筛选。基于此,开发灵敏、高通量且
摘 要:表面增强拉曼光谱是一种较为先进且强有力的检测技术,因其仪器便携、不需要样品预处理、快 速灵敏以及可实现“指纹”识别等特点,在食品安全检测领域中具有较大的潜力和优势。本文对表面增强拉曼 光谱技术的基本原理和基底材料类型进行了阐述,归纳总结了近年来该技术在食品检测中的研究进展,并对其 未来的发展趋势进行了展望,为该技术在食品安全快速检测领域应用提供借鉴和参考。
SERS 增强机制主要有物理增强和化学增强,物 理增强是电磁场增强,主要是由吸附在金属纳米粒子 表面的等离子体发生共振所产生的 [13]。物理增强不需 要金属底物和分析物分子的接触,但需要分析物分子 足够接近底物,基于此特性,SERS 可用于分析物和 金属基质距离较短时使用 [7]。化学增强主要受化学物 质变化的影响,通过金属基质和分析物之间的电荷转 移引起的极化率起作用 [14]。物理增强和化学增强这两 种机制同时作用,可以极大增强 SERS 信号 。 [15]
1 SERS 基本原理
1974 年,FLEISCHMAN 等 [11] 对粗糙化银电极表 面的吡啶进行研究时,首次发现了表面增强拉曼散射 现象,后来 Van Duyne 和 Creighion 领导的两个研究小 组分别重复这个实验并证实了这一现象。通过计算, 银电极表面吡啶分子的拉曼信号是其水溶液的 106 倍, 这一崭新的现象被称之为表面增强拉曼散射 。 [12]

精品]有丝细胞分裂

精品]有丝细胞分裂
植物的生殖系統、運輸系統
鼠的體內結構
一株典型植物的構造
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(2) 正态总体 X ~N ( μ ,σ 2) 的方差σ 2= σ 02 未知 , 求数学期望 μ 的置信区间.
X μ 选取枢轴量 T = ~ T ( n 1) S n X μ ≥ t ( n 1) = α 确定 t 由 P α S 2 n
α
2
( n 1)
故 μ 的置信区间为
则 μ 的置信区间为
s s (x t0.025 (5), x + t0.025 (5)) 6 6 = (14.71, 15.187)
(3) 选取枢轴量
α
2
5S
2
ch7-88
σ
2
~ χ 2 (5)
2 χ 2 (5) = χ 0.025 (5) = 12.833 查表得 2 χ12 (5) = χ 0975 (5) = 0.831
常选最小的一个
ch7-76
在求参数的置信区间时, 一般先保证可靠性. 在保证可靠性的基础上, 再提高精度. 通常, 增大样本容量可以提高精度.
ch7-77
求置信区间的步骤: 寻找一个样本的函数
g ( X 1 , X 2 , L , X n , θ ) — 称为枢轴量
它含有待估参数, 不含其它未知参数, 它的 分布已知, 且分布不依赖于待估参数 (常由 θ 的点估计出发考虑 ).
α
2
由给定数据算得
1 6 2 2 2 s = (∑ xi 6 x ) = 0.051 5 i =1
则 σ 2 的置信区间为
( 5s
2
χ
2 0.025
(5) χ
,
5s
2
2 0.975
(5)
)
= (0.0199, 0.3069)
ch7-89
(二) 两个正态总体的情形
设 X ~ N ( μ 1,σ 12)
(2) 选取枢轴量
X μ ~ t (5) S 6
1 6 x = ∑ xi = 14.95 6 i =1 1 6 2 2 s = (∑ xi 6 x 2 ) = 0.051 5 i =1 s = 0.226
ch7-87
查表得 t α (5) = t0.025 (5) = 2.5706
2
由给定数据算得
2 ( m 1) S 2
σ2
( n 1) S12
σ2
σ2
~ χ 2 ( n + m 2)
因此
( X Y ) ( μ1 μ 2 ) 1 1 ( n 1) S + ( m 1) S + n m n+m2
2 1 2 2
~ t ( n + m 2)
ch7-92
( X Y ) ( μ1 μ 2 ) P < tα = 1 α 1 1 (n 1) S12 + (m 1) S 22 2 + n+m2 n m
( X 1 , X 2 , L , X n ) 为取自总体 X 的样本
设 Y ~ N ( μ 2 ,σ 22)
(Y1 , Y2 , L , Ym ) 为取自总体 Y 的样本
设 X,S ; Y ,S
2 1
2 2
分别表示两个样本的均值与方差 设置信度为 1 α
ch7-90
(1) σ 12 , σ 22 已知, 求 μ1 μ 2 的置信区间
为未知参数 μ 的置信度为0.95的置信区间.
ch7-71
置信区间的意义 反复抽取容量为5的样本, 都可以得到一个 区间,这个区间可能包含未知参数 μ 的真值, 也 可能不包含未知参数 μ 的真值, 包含真值的区 间有95%.
1 1 ( X 1.96 , X + 1.96 ) 5 5 1 X 1.96 5
ch7-86

(1)
0.06 X ~ N (μ , ) 即 N ( μ ,0.01) 6 X μ
0 .1
2
~ N (0,1)
z α = z0.025 = 1.96
由给定数据算得
1 6 x = ∑ xi = 14.95 6 i =1
则 μ 的置信区间为
(14.95 1.96 × 0.1 , 14.95 + 1.96 × 0.1) = (14.75,15.15)
X ~ N ( μ1 ,
σ 12
n
), Y ~ N ( μ 2 ,
2 σ2
m
)
X , Y 相互独立,
X Y ~ N ( μ1 μ 2 ,
2 σ 12 σ 2
( X Y ) ( μ1 μ 2 )
n
+
m
)
σ
2 1
n
+
σ
2 2
~ N (0,1)
m
μ1 μ 2 的置信区间为
2 2 σ 12 σ 2 σ 12 σ 2 ( X Y ) zα , ( X Y ) + zα + + 2 2 n m n m
ch7-75
几点说明: 置信区间的长度 θ2 θ1 反映了估计的精度 ,
θ2 θ1 越小, 估计的精度越高.
α 反映了估计的可靠程度, α 越小, 越可靠. α 越小, 1- α 越大, 估计的可靠程度越高,
但此时,θ2 θ1 往往增大,因而估计的精度降低.
α 确定后, 置信区间的选取方法常不唯一 ,
选取枢轴量
ch7-80
g ( X 1 , X 2 ,L, X n , μ ) =
X μ
σ0
~ N (0,1)

X μ P ≥ zα = α 2 σ0 n
n
确定 z α
2
ch7-81

X μ
σ0
n
<z
α
2
确定 μ 的置信区间为
(X z
α
2
σ0
n
,X +z
α
2
σ0
n
)
ch7-82
由a < g ( X 1 , X 2 , X n , θ ) < b 解出 θ ( X 1 , X 2 ,L, X n ) θ ( X 1 , X 2 ,L, X n ) 得置信区间 (θ , θ ) 引例中
1 1 (θ , θ ) = ( X 1.96 , X + 1.96 ) 5 5
ch7-79
2 σ2
~ N (0,1)
X , Y 相互独立, 因此 μ1 μ 2 的置信区间为
( X Y ) ± zα 2
2 S12 S 2 + n m
ch7-94
(4) σ 12 , σ 22 未知, 但 n=m, 求 μ1 μ 2 的置信区间
令 Zi = Xi -Yi , i = 1,2,…, n, 可以将它们看成来自 正态总体 Z ~ N ( μ 1 μ 2 ,σ 12 + σ 22) 的样本
ch7-69
在引例中,若要找一个区间,使其包含μ 的真值的概 率为0.95 (设n= 5),则
μ, 1 X ~ N 5
取 查表得
X μ ~ N (0,1) 1 5
α = 0.05
zα / 2 = 1.96
ch7-70
X μ 这说明 P ≥ 1.96 = 0.05 1 5 1 1 即 P X 1.96 ≤ μ ≤ X + 1.96 = 0.95 5 5 1 1 , X + 1.96 称随机区间 X 1.96 5 5
α
2
α
2
1 1 , X + zα ) 时 2 5 5
1 — 最短 5
ch7-73
0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
取α = 0.05
-2
z1 α
-1
1
z α2
2
2
z α z1 α = 1.96 ( 1.96)
2 2
0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
= 3.92
-2 z1 α
-1
1
z 2α2
3
3
z 2α z1 α = 1.84 ( 2.13)
α α
2 2
n n 2 2 ∑( X i μ) ∑( X i μ) i =1 , i =1 2 2 χ α (n ) χ 1 α ( n ) 2 2
ch7-85
例1. 某工厂生产一批滚珠, 其直径 X 服从 正态分布N( μ,σ 2), 现从某天的产品中 随机抽取6件,测得直径为 15.1 , 14.8 , 15.2 , 14.9 , 14.6 , 15.1 (1) 若方差为σ 2=0.06, 求 μ 的置信度为95%的 置信区间; (2) 若方差σ 2未知,求 μ 的置信度为95%的置信 区间; (3) 求滚珠直径的方差σ 2的置信度为95%的置信 区间.
μ1 μ 2 的置信区间为
2 1 1 ( n 1) S12 + ( m 1) S 2 ( X Y ) ± tα + 2 n m n+m2
ch7-93
(3) σ 12 , σ 22 未知, 但 n, m > 50,
求 μ1 μ 2 的置信区间
σ 12
2 S12 S 2 + ≈ + n m n m ( X Y ) ( μ1 μ 2 ) 2 S12 S 2 + n m
求置信区间举例
(一) 一个正态总体 X ~N ( μ ,σ 2) 的情形
设置信度为 1 α
( X 1 , X 2 , L , X n ) 为样本
(1) 正态总体 X ~N ( μ ,σ 2) 的方差σ 2= σ 02已知 , 求数学期望 μ 的置信区间. σ 02 由 X ~ N (μ , )
n
μ, 1 例如 X~N 5
X μ = g ( X 1 , X 2 ,L, X n , μ ) ~ N (0,1) 1 5
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