考博英语词汇讲义.docx
博士入学考试英语中常见的翻译词汇
分类词汇homoge neous同质的homo + gene +ous(＜＞ hetero geneo us)^ homo***ual, hetero***ual mainst ream主流主流的dialec t 方言 (v.s. accent)discre pancy差异miscon cepti on 误解 (mis + concep t + ion)= misund ersta ndingbarrie r 障碍(物)~ bar, = barric adediscri minat ion 区别，歧视raci al/***ual discri minat ion? discri minat e (+agains t)hierar chy 等级制度he ir + arch(govern) + yinsula rity岛国性质 (? insula r, ^island)Britis h indust ry has oftenbeen critic izedfor its lingui sticinsula rity.microc osm 小天地 micro+ cosm(os)nostal gia = homesi cknes spatrio t 爱国者 (＜＞ traito r)à patrio tic, patrio tismnotori ety 恶名 (? notori ous)counte rpart对应人，对等物Who’sGeorgeBush’scounte rpart in China?^ counte rcult ure, counte rbala ncepeer 同等的人凝视，窥视(~ peep)subord inate下级下级的＜＞ superi ortactic s 战术，技巧v.s. strate gy (战略，策略)market ing strate gy v.s. sellin g tactic snuance a subtle differ encein meanin gcompat riot同胞同胞的com + patrio tvernac ular本地的，本国的本地话，本国话the vernac ularlangua ges of IndiaHispan ic An Americ an whosefirstlangua ge was Spanis himmigr ation移入~ immigr ant, immigr atev.s. emigra tion (~ emigra nt, emigra te)antipo des Any two places or region s on diamet rical ly opposi te sidesof the Earth“fromNorthAmeric a to the Antipo des”permea te 渗透，弥漫Smok e permea ted the house.entrep reneu r 企业家 (~ enterp rise)à entrep reneu rshippracti tione r 开业者，从业者pra ction(practi ce) + ercelebr ity a famous person= lumina ry, VIPproxy代理人anecdo te 轶事 (à anecdo tal)benchm arkin g 类比分析punctu al 准时的，守时的 (à punctu ality)absent eeism旷工abse nt à absent ee à absent eeismflexti me 弹性工作时间flex(flexib le) + timeharass骚扰 (à harass ment)Mary said that Gary had ***uallyharass ed her.redund ancy冗余，冗员netw ork redund ancydownsi ze 裁员 (~ lay off)ballot投票(= vote)impart ial 不偏不倚的(＜＞ partia l)lobby大堂(n.) 游说(v.)dubbin g 配音录制vogue时尚^ chicbizarr e 奇异的v.s. weird(怪异的)medioc re 平庸的dietit ian 饮食学家 (~ diet)connoi sseur行家，鉴赏家^ entrée, a la carteshortl ist (BE) a list of applic antswho have been deemed suitab le and from whichthe succes sfulperson will be chosen à (v.)equili brium平衡，均衡questi onnai re 调查表，问卷quanti tativ e 定量的 (＜＞ qualit ative)contin gency偶然性，偶然事件incur招致incu r debts/hatred/danger v.s. occur, concur, recurethica l 伦理的，符合伦理的~ ethics, ＜＞ unethi caldubiou s 疑惑的，可疑的 (~ doubt)People were dubiou s aboutthe result.manife stati on 显示，证明 (? manife st)subtit le 字幕，副标题(sub + title)^ subsid iary,submar ine, subway(BE: underg round, tube), suburb(~ downto wn, uptown, outski rts考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇总裁助理assist ant presid ent综合治理compre hensi ve treatm ent安居工程housin g projec t for low-income urbanreside nts信息化inform ation-based;inform ation izati on智力密集型concen trati on of brainpower;knowle dge-intens ive外资企业overse as-funded enterp rises下岗职工laid-off worker s分流reposi tionof redund ant person nel三角债chaindebts素质教育educat ion for all-rounddevelo pment豆腐渣工程jerry-builtprojec ts社会治安情况law-and-ordersituat ion民族国家nation state台独"indepe ndenc e of Taiwan"台湾当局Taiwan author ities台湾同胞Taiwan compat riots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
考博医学英语词汇
医学英语词汇accredited质量合格的, 可信任的ache痤疮acupuncturist针灸医生aerobe需氧微生物aerobic需氧的alimentary tract消化道alveolus 肺泡anaerobic厌氧的alkaline碱性的analgesia©痛觉缺失(的) anorexia厌食anemia贫血症angina(or –pectoris) 心绞痛angioplasty血管造影anoxia缺氧(症) antifebrile退热药, 退热的antioxidant抗氧化剂antiplatelet抗血小板aorta主动脉apnea窒息, 呼吸暂停arrhythmia心律不齐atrium心房atrophy虚脱, 萎缩auscultation听诊autosomal 常染色体的bed-bound卧床的beta-caroteneB胡萝卜素biliary胆汁的biopsy活检bronchitis支气管炎bronchus支气管bronchovascular支气管血管的cadaver(解剖用的)尸体canker口疮, 溃疡capillary毛细血管carcinogen致癌物, 诱癌剂cardiac arrect心搏停止cardiovascular心血管的cartilage软骨catabolism分解代谢catheter导管caustic腐蚀剂, 腐蚀性的celiac腹(腔)的cellulose纤维素cephalic头(部)的cerebellum小脑cerebrum大脑chiropractor按摩师chloride氯化物chlorophyll叶绿素cholecystitis胆囊炎cholesterol胆固醇chromosome染色体cilia 睫, 纤毛circadian生理节奏的cirrhosis肝硬化climacteric更年期, 转折点coagulation凝血colic绞痛, 急腹痛collagen胶原蛋白colloid胶(体)的concomitant伴随(发)的condication(indication) 适应证congenital先天的, 天生的congestion充血contraception避孕(法) contraceptive避孕药(工具), 避孕的contraindication禁忌证contralateral对侧的convalescent恢复的, 渐愈的cornea角膜coronary heart disease冠心病coronary atherosclerosis冠脉粥样硬化corpuscle小体, 细胞, 血球cortex皮层costal肋骨的countenance 脸色, 面部表情cranium颅cutaneous皮的cyanosis青紫, 发绀cyst囊(肿) debilitate使衰弱decompensate代偿失调defecate排便, 澄清defervescence潜伏期dementia痴呆denture一副假牙deodorant除臭剂(的)depilate脱去…毛dermatology皮肤病学dermis(derma)真皮dextral右侧的dialysis透析diaphoresis发汗, 出汗diaphragm隔(膜) diarrhea腹泻diastole(心)舒张(期) disincentive 阻止的, 抑制的disinfect杀菌, 消毒disposable可处理的, 一次性的dispensary药房dissemination传播, 散布distal末梢的, 远侧的dorsum背(部) dropsy水肿病duodenum十二指肠dysentery痢疾dysfunction机能障碍(失调) dyspepsia消化不良dysphagia吞咽困难dysplasia发育异常dyspnea呼吸困难dystrophy营养不良edema 水肿efferent传出的efficacy功效ejaculate射出(液体), 突然喊出electrolyte电解质elongate延伸, 拉长emaciate衰弱, 消瘦emancipate解放embolism栓塞embolus栓子embryology胚胎学emphysema(肺)气肿endemic地方病的endermic皮下的, 经皮的endocrine内分泌的endogenic内源的endoscope内镜endotoxin内毒素epidemiologist流行病学专家exotoxin外毒素epidemic流行病, 流行的epidermis表皮, 外皮epilepsy癫痫esophagus食道etiology病因学exacerbate恶化, 加剧exanimate已死的, 无生命的,无生气的excipient赋形剂excise切除, 删去excrete分泌, 排泄exhalation呼气, 散发expectorate咳出, 吐(血等) exudate渗出物febrifuge解热药febrile发热的fecal粪便的femur大腿fermentation 发酵(作用) fetus胎儿fibrosis纤维化flaccid松弛的flatulence肠胃胀气, 浮夸fluoroscopy X线检查fulminant(疾病) 暴发性的fulminate暴发fuzzy模糊的, 有绒的gape打呵欠, 张口gastric胃的gastritis胃炎gastroenteritis胃肠炎geneticist遗传学家genital 生殖的genitalia生殖器geriatric老年(症) 的geriatrist老年学家gerontology老年医学gestation妊娠globulin球蛋白glossal舌的glucose葡萄糖goiter甲状腺肿gonorrhea淋病graft移植grogginess四肢无力, 头昏眼花gynecology妇科学hallucination幻觉, 幻想hectic肺病的, 发热的hematology血液病hematoma血肿hematuria血尿hemiplegia偏瘫hemorrhage出血hemostasis止血(法) hepatic肝的hepatosis肝病hernia疝histology组织学homeostasis体内平衡hormonal激素的humoral体液的hydration 水合(作用) hydrocarbon碳水化合物hydropic水肿的hyperplasia增生hypnosis催眠药hypnotic催眠药, 催眠的hypotension低血压hypoplasia发育不全hypoxia缺氧症icteric黄疸的idiopathic特发的, 原发的, 先天的immunization免疫接种immunodeficiency免疫缺陷impedement缺陷, 障碍incitant兴奋剂incontience失禁, 无节制incubate潜伏inefficacious疗效不好的infarct梗死infirmary医务室, 医院infiltrate渗入inflammation炎症, 发炎, 激动inflame发炎inflammatory炎症的, 使激动的intensive-care unit 重症监护室ingestion吸收, 摄取innocuous无害(毒)的inoculate 给…接种insinuate使潜入insolation中暑, 日光浴insomnia失眠(症) inspection望诊instillation滴注insulin胰岛素interferon干扰素interm实习医生interview问诊intrapleural胸膜内的intravenously从静脉注射invertebrate无脊椎动物iodine碘ischemia©局部缺血(的) isotope同位素jaundice黄疸, 厌恶, 偏见, 妒忌labium唇lactate喂奶languish失去活力, 变得软弱无力laporotomy剖腹术larynx喉lassitude疲乏, 无精打彩latency潜伏(期) laxative轻泻药lesion损害(伤)leukemia白血病leukocyte白细胞libido性欲litigation诉讼lucid易懂的,神清的luetic梅毒的,传染病的lumbar腰的lymph淋巴(液) lysis消散, 渐退macula斑点malaise欠安, 不适manometer血压计marrow活力, 精华, 骨髓maternity母性, 怀孕, 产科医院matron护士长, 总干事measles 麻疹medicare医疗保险medicolegal法医学的medulla髓(质) membrane膜meningitis脑膜炎menstrual月经的metabolish新陈代谢metastasis转移(瘤) microbiology微生物学midwife助产士, 接生员mind-boggling不可思议的, 莫名其妙的misbirth流产, 堕胎miscarriage失败, 流产mitigate镇静, 缓和, 安慰, 减轻monocyte单核morbid病的, 致病的, 可怕的morbidity发病率mucosa粘膜mumps流行性腮腺炎mutagen诱变剂(因素) mutate 突变, 变异mycology真菌学myocardial infarction心梗myocardium心肌myopia近视naprapathy推拿(矫正) 疗法narcolepsy嗜眠病narcotherapy睡眠疗法, 麻醉疗法narcotic麻醉性的necropsy尸解, 尸检necrosis坏死neonate新生儿nephritis 肾炎neurology神经元, 神经细胞neurologic神经病的nipper镊子, 钳子nocturia夜尿noxious有毒(害)的, 不卫生的nutriology营养学obesity肥胖症oblivious健忘的obstetrics产科学occlude堵塞occlusive堵塞的occult隐(伏) 的, 秘密的ocular眼的, 视觉的officinal现成有售的, 药用的, 成药oncology肿瘤学opiate鸦片制剂opium鸦片, 麻醉剂ophthalmology眼科学orthopedics矫形外科学orthopnea端坐呼吸osmosis渗透(作用) ovary卵巢ovum 卵子oxygenate氧合, 高氧oxygen free radicals氧自由基pallor苍白, 灰白palpation触诊palpitate悸动pancreas胰(腺) pandemic流行病, 流行性的pap软食papula丘疹paralysis麻痹, 瘫痪paralyse 使麻痹paroxysm阵发, 突发patch膏药, 贴剂pathogen病原体pathology病理学pediatrics儿科学peptic(助)消化的percussion叩诊percutaneous经皮的pernicious有害(毒)的, 恶性的pharmacology药理学pharmacy药房pharynx咽phobia恐惧(症) placebo安慰剂plaque血小板, 斑plasma 血浆pleura胸膜plenary完全的, 绝对的plolyp息肉pneumothorax气胸polymer聚合体(物) polypeptide多肽porous有孔的, 能渗透的portal肝门的, 门静脉的potassium钾precancerous癌前期的predispose使易感染, 预先安排premed医学院预科prenatal胎儿期的, 出生前的prodrome先兆prognosis预后prolapse下垂prophylaxis预防(法) prostate前列腺(的) prostrate虚脱mutation突变psychosis精神病psychoprophylactic精神(心理) 预防的puberty青春期pulmonary 肺的purulent化脓的pus脓(液) pyrexia发热quarantine检疫(处), 隔离(区) quiescence休眠, 静止rabies狂犬病radiograph放射片rale罗音ramify分枝, 成网状rampant不可控制的, 蔓延的reagent试验, 反应力(物) recrudesce(病)复发refractory顽固的, 难治疗的regimen生活方式社会制度, 养生法, 服药时间表rehydrate输液relapse复发, 再发renal肾性的resect切除retina 视网膜rheumatism风湿病rheumatoid类风湿病的rhinitis鼻炎ricket佝偻病rigor发冷, 寒颤rubella风疹saline盐水saliva唾液salubrious有益健康的, 有利的salutary有益健康的, 有益的, 有治疗作用的salve药膏, 止痛药sanatorium疗养院sanitary卫生的, 清洁的sanitarian保健的, 公共卫生的, 保健专家scab痂scalpel 手术刀sclerosis硬化(症) screen普查seclude隔离secretory分泌的sedative镇静药, 止痛药senesce开始衰老senile老年的septic腐败性的, 败血病的sequel后发病, 后遗症, 后果serum血清sopor 昏睡, 酣睡somascope超声波检查仪somatic肉体的, 身体的sonograph(y) 超声检查仪(术), 声波(学) spasm痉挛, 抽搐, 一阵发作spell一次发作, 轮班, 发病时的, 招致sperm精子spinal脊椎的sporadic散见的sputum痰, 唾液starch淀粉stenosis(器官)狭窄sterilization消毒, 灭菌stethoscope听诊器stricture狭窄, 责难,批评strut肿起, 支撑, 炫耀stupe热敷stupor昏迷subcutaneous 皮下的subtlety微妙, 细微的差别sudorific发汗剂(的) supervene 伴随产生, 意外发生supine仰卧的suppuration化脓, 生脓suture 缝合, 缝线swab药签, 擦洗syncope晕厥syphilis梅毒syringe注射器systole心脏收缩(期) tabes消瘦, 痨症tachycardia心动过速taint污点, 感染,tampon棉球, 止血塞tenesmus下坠, 里急后重tertian间日(复发)的testis睾丸tetanus破伤风therapeutic治疗(学)的thermotaxis体温调节thorax胸(膛) thrombosis栓塞, 血栓形成thrombi血栓thymus胸腺thyroid甲状腺tonic滋补的(品), 强身的tonsil扁桃体tonsillitis扁桃体炎torpid麻痹的, 麻木的, 迟钝的toxicity毒力(性) trachea气管tracheitis气管炎trance发呆, 恍惚tranfix刺穿, 麻木tranquilizer镇定剂tumefy肿起(大) turgid肿胀的, 浮肿的tympanitis中耳炎ultrasound超声unicellular单细胞的uptick兴旺, 上升uremia尿毒症ureter输尿管urethra尿道uretic 利尿剂urinary(泌)尿的urinate排尿urine尿urology泌尿学uterus子宫vaccinate接种vasoactive血管作用的vasospasm血管痉挛venenous有毒的venereal性交(病)的venous静脉的ventral 腹(侧)的ventricle(心)室vertebra椎骨vesicle泡,囊veterinarian兽医villus绒毛virile男性的,强有力的virility(男)性功能virology病毒学virulence毒力, 毒性viscera内脏viscous粘性的vital signs 生命体征vitiate使污染, 使堕落, 腐败vivisect解剖windpipe气管workup病情的检查(en)zyme酶。
考博英语词汇精讲
考博英语词汇精讲考博英语词汇精讲主讲: 马振旗加强⼤纲词汇的记忆，不同场合的搭配，深度词义的记忆，提⾼语法知识，做真题，⽆⾮就是考三点：近似词、近义词和词组词汇解题思路：1）提炼主⼲；2）搭配关系；3）句⼦结构；4）词汇辨析；5）⼀词多义1）提炼主⼲A）化繁为简，分清结构B）分析成分，确定词性C）理顺逻辑，辨析词义After his uncle died, the young man ______ the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble.A. inhabitedB. inheritedC. inhibitedD.interested2）搭配关系A）背词不搭配，受累⼜⽩费。
（深度记词，活学活⽤）B）全句谓语是中⼼，前思后想看动宾I _____ a lot of knowledge from my trip to Africa.A. learnB. studyC. obtainD. achieve1. Blue, yellow and red are _____ colors.A. criticalB. essentialC. primary（原⾊）D. necessary2. All All her hard work ______ in the end, and she finally passed the exam.A. showed off 显耀B. paid offC. left off离开D. kept off阻⽌3. The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so can _____ the performance of many children.A. withholdB. preventC. enhanceD. justify3）句⼦结构A）简单B）并列a) 同义b) 递进c) 反义In 1991, while（尽管） the economies of industrialized countries met an economic ______, the economies of developing countries were growing very fast.A. revival复苏B. repression压迫C. recession衰退D. recovery恢复C）复合(状语从句)a) 时间b) 地点c) 条件d) ⽐较e) 让步f) ⽅式g) 原因h) ⽬的i) 结果I don’t think you’ll change his mind; once he’s decided onsomething, he tends to ______ it.A. stick toB. give upC. comply with符合D. put off4）词汇辨析（考试主要部分）1）近义It is estimated that, currently, about 50,000 species become ______ every year.A. extinct灭绝B. instinct直接C. distinct区分D. intense剧烈2）近似（仔细⽐较词性、⽤法、搭配）We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal ______ to employment opportunities.A. entrance进⼊B. entry进⼊C. access进⼊D. admission允许进⼊3）词组Tom placed the bank notes, _____ the change and receipt, back in the drawer.A. more than⽽不是B. but for要不是C. thanks to由于，归功于D.along with与。
博士入学考试英语中常见的翻译词汇 (1)
百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我！分类词汇homogeneous 同质的 homo + gene +ous(＜＞ heterogeneous)^ homo***ual, hetero***ual mainstream 主流主流的dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)discrepancy 差异misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbarrier 障碍(物)~ bar, = barricadediscrimination 区别，歧视 racial/***ual discrimination? discriminate (+against)hierarchy 等级制度 heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity 岛国性质 (? insular, ^island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity.microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia = homesicknesspatriot 爱国者 (＜＞traitor)à patriotic, patriotismnotoriety 恶名 (? notorious)counterpart 对应人，对等物Who’s George Bush’s counterpart in China?^ counterculture, counterbalancepeer 同等的人凝视，窥视(~ peep)subordinate 下级下级的＜＞ superiortactics 战术，技巧 v.s. strategy (战略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tacticsnuance a subtle difference in meaningcompatriot 同胞同胞的 com + patriotvernacular 本地的，本国的本地话，本国话 the vernacular languages of IndiaHispanic An American whose first language was Spanishimmigration 移入~ immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration (~ emigrant, emigrate)antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate 渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur 企业家(~ enterprise)à entrepreneurshippractitioner 开业者，从业者 praction(practice) + ercelebrity a famous person= luminary, VIPproxy 代理人anecdote 轶事(à anecdotal)benchmarking 类比分析punctual 准时的，守时的(à punctuality)absenteeism 旷工absent à absentee à absenteeismflextime 弹性工作时间 flex(flexible) + timeharass 骚扰(à harassment)Mary said that Gary had ***ually harassed her. redundancy 冗余，冗员 network redundancydownsize 裁员 (~ lay off)ballot 投票 (= vote)impartial 不偏不倚的 (＜＞ partial)lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)dubbing 配音录制1百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我！vogue 时尚 ^ chicbizarre 奇异的 v.s. weird (怪异的)mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家 (~ diet)connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家^ entrée, a la carteshortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen à (v.)equilibrium 平衡，均衡questionnaire 调查表，问卷quantitative 定量的 (＜＞ qualitative)contingency 偶然性，偶然事件incur 招致 incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ~ ethics, ＜＞ unethicaldubious 疑惑的，可疑的 (~ doubt)People were dubious about the result.manifestation 显示，证明 (? manifest)subtitle 字幕，副标题 (sub + title)^ subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE: underground, tube), suburb(~ downtown, uptown, outskirts考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇总裁助理 assistant president综合治理 comprehensive treatment安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents信息化 information-based; informationization智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel三角债 chain debts素质教育 education for all-round development豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects社会治安情况 law-and-order situation民族国家 nation 台独"independence 台湾当局 Taiwan 台湾同胞 Taiwan stateof Taiwan" authorities compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
(word完整版)考博英语翻译热点词汇
学苑教育名师倾情奉献考博英语翻译热点词汇总裁助理assistant president综合治理comprehensive treatment安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents信息化information-based；informationization智力密集型concentration of brain power; knowledge—intensive外资企业overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工laid—off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel三角债chain debts素质教育education for all-round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects社会治安情况law-and—order situation民族国家nation state台独"independence of taiwan"台湾当局taiwan authorities台湾同胞taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
taiwan is an inalienable part ofthe chinese territory。
西部大开发development of the west regions可持续性发展sustainable development风险投资risk investment通货紧缩deflation扩大内需to expand domestic demand计算机辅助教学computer—assisted instruction （cai ）网络空间cyberspace虚拟现实virtual reality网民netizen （net citizen )电脑犯罪computer crime电子商务the e-business网上购物shopping online应试教育exam—oriented education学生减负to reduce study load下岗laid—off workers下海plunge into the commercial sea下网off line小康之家well-off family; comfortably—off family新秀up-and-coming star, rising star新新人类new human being ；x generation信息港info port形象小姐/ 先生image representative of a product or a brand 虚拟网virtual net学生处students’affairs division研究生毕业证/ 学位证graduate diploma/graudate degree’sdiploma 摇钱树cash cow以人为本people oriented；people foremost义务教育compulsory education易拉罐pop can应试教育examination-oriented education system舆论导向direction of public opinion运球dribble在职博士生on—job doctorate早恋puppy love招生就业指导办公室enrolment and vocation guidance office证券营业部stock exchange; security exchange知识产权intellectual property rights中专生secondary specialized or technical school student中流砥柱mainstay, chief corner stone专卖店exclusive agency；franchised store自我保护意识self-protection awareness综合国力comprehensive national strength综合业务数字网integrated service digital network （isdn）公正、公平、公开just, fair and open好莱坞大片hollywood blockbuster黄金时段prime time假唱lip—synch劲射power shot拉拉队cheering squad来电显示电话机caller id telephone论文答辩（thesis) oral defense泡沫经济bubble economy票贩子scalper，ticket tout拳头产品competitive products；knock—out products; blockbuster三角恋爱love triangle三维动画片three—dimensional animation”扫黄" 、”打非" eliminate pornography and illegalpublications申办奥运会bid for the olympic games实现中华民伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the chinesenation市场疲软sluggish market素质教育education for all-around development筒子楼：tube-shaped apartment脱贫致富cast (shake，throw）off poverty and set out on a road toprosperity 网吧internet bar网恋online love affair网上冲浪surf the internet网上交易平台online trading platform网友net friend无人售票self-service ticketing无绳来电显示电话cordless telephone with caller id无线应用协议wap （wireless application protocol ）2013年考博英语院校招生简章-学苑教育。
考博英语常见知识点总结
Whisper 小声细语Proclaim 大声宣告reclaim 纠正，收回acclaim 欢呼，喝彩claim 要求，声称Deteriorate 使土地变坏，恶化Criticize 批评object 反对不及物动词object to/against oppose 反对，及物动词，直接跟宾语反对某种观点或计划frown 皱眉frown on 不同意Renown 声誉名望prominence 卓越，显著的地位authority 权威，专家，当局Intensify 加剧enforce 迫使Feasible 可行的appropriate 合适的apt 有……倾向的，恰当的Countenance 面容，表情Hindrance阻碍Patriotisms 爱国主义Reproach 斥责beyond reproach 无可指责的reprehend 斥责Plague 瘟疫，灾害，折磨Avail 利用，效益，有利于avail oneself of sth 利用Indulge 沉溺于，放纵indulge inLaudatory 赞美的lascivious 好色的，淫荡的languish 憔悴的lethargic 昏睡的，无生气的Fill one’s prescription 给某人开处方To be blame for 主动结构表示被动意义，不能采用blame的被动形式Be charged with被控告denounce 公然抨击Identical 同一的，完全相同的superficial 表面的，肤浅的At best 最多al length 最后，详细的in bulk 大量的，详细的in effect 实际上Get by 过得去，过活get around 出行V oluntarily 自动的，以自由意识的compulsorily 强制的Eliminate 消除，淘汰dispose 处理，处置exclude 排除extinguish 熄灭，扑灭abolish 对法律习俗的废除Accommodate 提供住宿/房间，迎合，迁就furnish 提供生活或某种用途需要的东西Admit 说服，再三追问下承认confess 坦白，招认concede 勉强不得不承认Affiliate 加入，成为……的一部分Stretch 延展，延伸stretch one’s mind绞尽脑汁reinforce 加固，增援Bewilder 使困惑，茫然perplex 使疑虑不安Compel 强迫，迫使，使用权力/力量迫使Constrain 力劝，强迫更强调内心的情感的迫使Force 强迫（暴力威胁）常用被动语态Oblige （法律/习俗）强迫常用被动语态Confinement 限制，囚禁restraint 克制，抑制Credible 可信的，可靠的credulous 轻信的plausible 似乎可信Transcend 超出，超越（一般经验/常识）难以为大众理解Feasible 可行的practicable 可行的practical 实用的pragmatic 实用的，务实的Refrain 抑制，禁止不及物动词正式refrain fromRestrain 限制及物动词restrain sb from doing sthconstrain 限制，力劝及物动词subordinate 次要的，从属的，下级的acquire 经过努力逐渐获得的知识/才能/习惯等attain 经过努力获得不曾预料的结果，达到某一目标obtain 获得，买到，正式语体gain 通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处，或军事武力夺取adjust 微小的改变或技术调整amend 正式修改法律文件等alter 使事物在外观/性质/用途方面稍作改变strive for superiority over their peers 力争优于同龄人plight 困境polarization 极化，对立plague 折磨tentative 实验性的decisive 决定性的soar 飙升mutate 突变plummet 暴跌fluctuate 波动sophisticated 复杂的，世故的shrink 收缩inscribe 雕刻decorate 装饰maintain 保持BIM equals body mass divided by the square of height. 公式BIM=体重/身高的平方In essence 事实上in turn 依次Quality as 被认为Grounded in health concerns 基于对健康的关注Around the corner 在拐角处，迫在眉睫，即将到来Take over 接管Withdraw 有“提款，取款”的含义funds a re withdrawn from the issuer’s accounts. Cope with 处理，解决fight against 对抗，抵制Concern with 关心，挂念concern for 关心，对……的关心Control over 控制，支配Take to 喜欢take after 与……相像take on 承担take with 将……带上Be capable of 能够Down-trodden 被压迫的Explosive population growth 人口爆炸A torrent of migration 移民潮By the turns of the century 在世纪之交Miracle 奇迹miseries 痛苦，灾难Make life less than complete 使人生不完整因果关系thus表示结果for表示原因Utterly 十分，完全的arrogant 傲慢amusing episode 有趣的插曲drawn 疲惫的whimsical 异想天开，古怪edict 法令，告示Pass around by word of mouth 口头相传Improvise out of ……即兴而发Deduce 推断，演绎Time-honored 历史悠久的An inflated ego 膨胀的自我pant 喘气，气喘吁吁的讲pant toBrim 边缘full to the brim 满满当当sort out 整理For all that 尽管granted that 即使despite the fact that 不管（引导让步状语从句）Conform to 遵照，顺从Proponent 支持者，提倡者predecessor 前辈belittle 贬低Improvisation 即兴创作dogged 顽固的prodigious 惊人的jettison 抛弃Elaborate 精心制作的watershed 分水岭，流域astounding 令人震惊的Raucous 喧闹的Dogmatic explanation 教条的解释indignant denial 愤怒的拒绝Enthusiastic praise 热情的赞扬speculative study 思辨的研究Proposition 命题demographic 人口统计学Dropout 退出groundless 毫无根据，莫须有Spectacularly 壮观的Emit 排放green house gases 温室气体Protest 抗议politicking 政治活动Holistic 整体的Be fascinated with sth. 对……很是着迷In bad shape 一团糟pastime 消遣，娱乐Live off 住在……外，靠……生活A earn B’s living A 争钱养活B，B靠A养活Take in 接受，接待；吸收，理解；包括；轻信；注意到；欺骗On the side 兼职，另外Contend 竞争，主张，声明Bring in 引进，带来，生产Multifarious 五花八门Perception 感知，观念perspective 观点Miscellaneous 杂项miscellaneous domains 多项领域For its own sake 为了其自己的利益pursuit 追求knowledge pursuitOrient 东方的，标定方向，使……成为东方oriented 导向的，定向的Career oriented aspectDestination 目标working skill-oriented destinationPrevailing 盛行的，普遍的prevailing senseCradle 摇篮nurture 培育，滋养be taken as the cradle to nurture dreams Chase up 追求survive in the fierce competition 在激烈的竞争中生存下去broaden eyes 拓宽眼界satisfy the natural curiosity 满足好奇心cultivate a creative mindexplore the answers for the meaning of lifegive rise to lead toprevail over 战胜prevailing 流行prevail取胜，占优势，盛行prevail on/upon 劝说，诱使I’m not a believer in the agreement that ……practical need 实际需要offer satisfied answer to the practical need of each studenta case in point 一个例子let alone 更不用说not to mentionfind themselves in an awkward situation whereinvariably 不变的carry a duel role 扮演双层角色aroused by 激起，引起run into difficult 遇到困难tackle 解决to tackle this problemtake priority over 优先take the upper hand 占上风business prosperity 商业繁荣indispensable 不可或缺的mutual 相互的mutual relationship between A and B take severe measures 采取严厉的措施adept 熟练，内行，老手averse 不喜欢的，厌恶的affectation 假装，做作aptitude 才能，天资denounce 告发，斥责renounce 正式放弃pronounce 宣告，断言apprise 通知，告知appraise 评估，鉴定assent 同意dissent 不同意ascent 上升descent 下降retire 退休retreat 后退，撤退retract 收缩，收回retard 延迟，迟缓refrain 抑制，禁止optimal 最优，最佳oppressed 压迫的take priority over 优先于segregation 种族隔离，分离specification 说明书subscription 捐献，订阅dispense 发放dispose 处理disperse 分散，驱散dispatch 调度，派遣contaminate 污染culminate 达到高潮contract 合同incentive 激励fugitive 逃亡equality 平等equation 方程式equivalent 等价物equity 公平concise 简洁的decisive 决定性的，果断的decline 减少incline 俯身recline 躺下，靠reflect 反应inflect 曲折变化deflect 偏离inflexible 灵活的affluent 富足的fluent 流畅的fluctuate 波动，欺负affirm 坚定不移的肯定或声称assert 不管事实如何，主观自信的宣称或清楚有利的支持allege 无凭无据的情况下宣称断定claim 要求声称，断言，多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张aggravate 加重（负担，罪行，病情等）reinforce 增援，一般用于军队或警察活动detach 拆开组合的物体，远离，疏远divide 将整体分为若干部分ambiguous 意义含糊，有歧义的指因字词句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清，难以理解和把握obscure 因光线不足而看不清，引申为语法文字记忆因复杂深奥模棱两可而使人难以理解vague 含混不清楚的，因逻辑不清言辞笼统而导致意义不清楚轮廓形状不清楚unclear 句意字迹不清楚blame 责怪，归咎于blame sb for ding sth condemn 谴责，用于正式严肃的场合reproach （书面语）责备，表不满scold 责骂，训斥brittle 易碎的，易损坏的指坚硬的东西fragile 必须小心使用才不会碎的东西，引申为体弱虚弱frail 体弱的虚弱的或东西易碎的invalid 不正确的，无效的boundary 边界，界线多指作为界线的标志物border 较宽的边缘两国分界附近边缘地带frontier 边界，边疆引申为未开发的领域学术前沿verge 道路花坛边缘，某事即将发生之际on the verge of warbrief 简明扼要简短的时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了虽短却不失体面concise 简要精炼保留主要部分curt 三言两语，简短的，草率的succinct 简明的，简洁的，简练的用词简练component 零部件（某事物）组成部分element 元素，组成部分，方面factor 因素，要素ingredient 原料，成分，要素abide by 遵守，同意adhere to 遵守conform to 遵守，符合comply with 遵守，服从（正式）comprise 包含，包括，组成compose 构成be composed of (被动语态) consist 构成consist of 主动语态constitute 构成conserve 保存保藏保护（节约）reserve 保留，储备订座位preserve 保护维持保养continual 连续不断频繁时有发生continuous 连续不断的中间不停顿constant 不断经常始终如一的经常出现incessant 不停的持续不断的令人厌烦的不断出现中间可能有停顿convert 转换，转变（观点）invert 使颠倒反向（位置方向）revert 归还，回复原状transform 改变转变（外观，性质）reproach 责备reprehend 斥责plague 瘟疫灾害折磨avail 有利于，利益avail sb of sth 利用deprive 剥夺indulge 放任，沉溺于at best 最多at length 最后，详细的in bulk 整批，大批get by 过得去，过活get away 逃脱，离开get around 出行get along 和睦相处get through 被理解向…讲清楚strive for 力争ascertain 查明plight 困境plague 瘟疫tentative 暂时的，实验性的soar 飙升mutate 突变plummet 骤跌fluctuate 波动negligent 懈怠的edible 食用的fabulous 难以置信的，惊人的，极好的disproportionate 不成比例的pass up 错过repeal 废止，撤销resent 怨恨clarity 透明的slack 使缓慢shrill 尖锐torrent 连续不断的tensile 拉长的textured 特征显著的wither 枯萎catastrophic 灾难性的by virtue of 由于，凭借for the sake of 为了……利益advent 到来，出现subsidize 资助cast a shadow over 给……罩上阴影soak to the skin 湿透chat away 闲谈in no mood 没心情in the course of 在……的过程中in line with 与……一致be a match for 配得上，可匹敌的agree by 受到认同resonate with 得到回应none the better for it 不会因为……变得更好，依然如故to the core 彻底的，完全的to the end 到底in custody (法庭审判前)被拘留监禁in jeopardy 处于危险中in suspicion 被怀疑in probation 被缓刑amount to 相当于contribute to 促使……发生dedicate to 将（时间精力）奉献给（工作事业）add to 增添recite prayers 诵经jointly-acquired property 共同获得的财产by account 相反的insidious 潜伏的，阴险的thrive 兴盛，茁壮成长humiliation 羞辱subtle 微妙的dozing off 打瞌睡self-reliant 独立的self-sufficiency 自给自足bleak 昏暗的，凄凉的depict 描绘trail 拖沓而行，跟在……后面flinch back 退缩desolate 荒凉的bustling 繁忙的thriving 兴旺的fraudulent happiness 虚假的幸福fraudulent 欺骗的deluding 欺骗euphoric 欣快的繁荣昌盛prosperity崎岖不平rough惊天动地earth-shaking典雅大方elegant and graceful轻柔松软soft and light立场坚定firm in stand(将四字词组译为介词/副词/不定式短语) 目光远大broad in vision 头脑敏捷swift in wit 业务熟练qualified in profession 才华出众outstanding in talent 风格高尚noble in character思想正确、办事公道correct in their thinking and fair挑拨离间foment dissension foment 煽动dissension纠纷兴风作浪stir up disorder纵目眺望as far as sight could reach农民工migrant workers guest workers奢侈无度extravagant 挥金如土spend money like water老黄牛hard-working men水深火热in deep water风驰电掣as quick as lighting捕风捉影to run after shadows人山人海a sea of people摇唇鼓舌to set tongues wagging敲门砖an open sesameHorizon 视野，眼界Publicize 宣传丰富知识、开阔视野enrich one’s knowledge, broaden one’s horizon留学生overseas students人才流失brain drain汉语热Chinese language craze据统计according to statistics高等学校institution of higher education开设汉语课程offer courses of Chinese language主要目的是for the main purpose of从事贸易活动engage in trade activities传达……信息convey a message that低碳生活low carbon life减少二氧化碳排放reduce the emission of carbon dioxideExpenditure 花费，开销Conduct 行为，举止；实施be conducted in …manner如今，这股风潮逐渐在中国一些大城市兴起，不知不觉中改变了人们的生活方式Nowadays, this fashion prevails in some big cities of China, altering people’s life before they realize it.Practice 实行节约用电save electricity 塑料袋plastic bags 一次性产品disposable products Disposable 一次性的，用后即弃的乘坐公共交通工具take public transport节能环保energy-efficient and environmental-friendly大大有利于contribute tremendously to …全球气候变换及环境恶化global warming and environment deterioration Inevitably 不可避免的Stick to traditional principles and beliefsTurn blind eye to keep pace withBe labeled as 被贴上……的标签mutual communication 互相沟通Narrow the generation gapPessimist 悲观者optimist 乐观者gloomy 阴郁的distressing 惨的，令人痛心的Pessimistic 悲观的optimistic 乐观的Judge the situation from opposite perspective 角度Bring into public view 引入公众视野Engage in employment 从事就业Misconception 误解hold the misconceptionSpoil their childrenEnrollment 注册，报名the expansion of university enrollment 大学扩招Flood into job-hunting marketTake measures to 采取措施Cultivate their children independenceTestify 证明Shoulder their obligation 承担他们的义务Real-estate 房地产Reconciled 调和，妥协consolidate 综合deteriorate 恶化Reconcile to 顺从于be reconciled with sb 于某人和解reconcile sth with sth Interrupt 打断某项正在进行的动作bother 打扰（语气较轻）interfere 未经允许/无权而妨碍，阻挠，干涉他人之事（语气较轻）intervene 介入，调停（语气重）Invocation 祈祷，符咒obsession 痴迷，困扰obsession withVulnerable 易患病的allergic 过敏的Obsolete 过时的obscene 猥亵oblique 斜的Provision 供应provisional 临时的sensational 轰动的sentimental 感情的，多愁善感的Integral 完整的instinctive 直觉的intangible 难以理解的触摸不到的无形的ingenious 巧妙地有独创性的Inside and out 彻底的Practitioner 从业者forerunner 先行者，先驱Come to light 曝光，泄露Turn in 缩小turn over 反过来turn up 找到，出现turn out 结果是Inertness 惰性光盘行动“Clear Your Plate” CampaignPropose 建议diner 用餐者食客leftover 残余的，剩菜take leftover home 将剩菜打包回家全国粮食总产量the national total grain output人为灾害man-made disasterRestraint 限制without restraint 无限制，大肆饥饿至死die of starvation资源短缺shortage of resourcesConfronted with 面对Implement 实施implement politics ofMeans doing sthRequire sb to do sth随着人们的生活水平和消费水平日益提高with the increasing development of people’ living standard and consumption levelTrash cans 垃圾桶处理成本disposing costEntertain 热情招待款待娱乐entertain friends at home去临近的景点游览take a trip to nearby tourist attractions家庭预算紧张tight family budget出游成本不断攀升rising travel cost节假日期间景区人山人海，高速公路（expressway）、城市道路拥堵（congestion），是促使他们家中度假的两大原因overcrowded tourist sites, congestion of expressways and city roads are the two major factors contributing to their staycation. Conspicuous 明显的，突出的Bottom line 底线reduce their bottom lineRob a child of his/her childhood 掠夺From my own perspective for my partCeremoniously 隆重地gather ceremoniously 隆重集会Obligations 义务，债务（可数名词）履行权利与义务perform the responsibilities and obligations建立社会主义制度establish a socialist systemCorruption 腐败，贪污root out a corruption 根除腐败root out 根除，肃清Vigor 生机vitality 活力展现生机与活力display vigor and vitality Comprehensive 综合的，广泛的，有理解力的comprehensive national strength 增强综合国力competitiveness 竞争力增强综合国力和国际竞争力enhance comprehensive national strength and international competitivenessEdge into 慢慢挤进，慢慢取得rank 等级，行列进入国际先进行列edge into advanced ranks in the world解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing与日俱增increase every day实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes fulfill 履行（诺言），达到（目的）Forge 锻造，捏造forge a people’s army 锻造一支人民军队国防national defense build a strong national defense 建立巩固的国防进行和谈hold peace talks修改法律amend the laws遵循规则follow the principles principle 原则，准则把理论与实际结合起来integrate theory with practiceRally 召集，集合增强凝聚力enhance the rally powerResume 继续，重新开始，摘要，概略，建立结束暴力，开始和平谈判end the violence and resume peace talksStrategic 战略性的readjustment 调整进行战略性调整make strategic readjustmentBackwardness 落后摆脱贫穷与落后get rid of poverty and backwardnessBring about 实现实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity Infringement 侵犯，违反，违背保护妇女的权利不受侵犯guarantee women’s right against infringement把……看作社会公敌look upon…as a threat to society恐怖主义terrorismTap 开发，汲取，割，轻声走，阀门，塞子Favor 欢心，支持，照顾，促成开发/青睐中国市场tap/ favor the Chinese market有巨大潜力have huge potential for…阻碍handicap / hamperInvest 投资，调查，授予有望达到be expected to reach造成很大压力pose a big pressure onAccount for 说明原因，导致，引起（在数量/比例上）占，对……负责Occupy 占领，使用，从事占市场的10% occupy /take /account for 10 percent of the market加快经济发展和结构调整speed up economic development and restructuringAnti-monopoly 反垄断采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures to加速努力speed up efforts to建立分公司set up branches inPolicy 政策，策略把……列为基本国策list……as fundamental national policies 发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advanta ges开拓市场exploit market扩大消费市场expand consumption market扩大/缩小贫富差距expand /narrow the gap between the rich and the poor提供巨大商机present huge business opportunities赶超先进surpass the advanced遵循市场经济的规律follow the law of market economyOrientation 方向，定位，方针，任职培训gear 接上，调和，使适应根据市场做出调整gear oneself to the market orientation牟取暴利seek excessive profits excessive 过分的，极度的提高公务员工资raise the salaries of civil servants计算出准确的工资水平figure out an exact salary level从国外引进先进技术和管理经验introduce from abroad the advanced technology and management expertise优胜劣汰select the superior and eliminate the inferior下岗职工laid-off workers通货膨胀inflation损失惨重suffer great losses制造假象create smoke screens to do陷入困境land oneself in deep trouble被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribesDisclose 公开，揭露举报非法行为disclose illegal activities活跃市场enliven the market十分重视attach importance to大力发展strive to developDomestic 国内的刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand打破垄断break the monopoly调整产业结构adjust industrial structure开展对外文化交流conduct culture exchange with other countriesStrong point 长处，特长draw on 利用，借鉴博采各国文化之长draw on strong point of cultures of other countriesMass 大量的，集中的，群众的mass media 大众传媒mass production 大规模生产mass organization 社团开展群众性文化活动carry out mass activities on culture继承carry onCompetent 有能力的，能干的，称职的，胜任的，适合的competent people 人才Achievement of culture advancement 文化建设的成就加强文化基础设施建设build more culture establishment提倡文明的生活方式advocate civilized lifestyle推动人类文明进步push forward human civilization改进教学improve teaching and learning文化遗产culture heritage /relicsBrand-new 全新的，崭新的以全新的面貌进入新世纪enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look通过资格考试pass qualification examinationsCompulsory 义务的，必须做的普及九年义务教育make nine-year compulsory education universalPopularized 普及，使流行make…universalCompile 编制，编辑，收集编写教材compile the textbooks承担应有的义务undertake the due obligations促进相互了解promote mutual understanding相互促进help each other forward互派访问学者exchange visiting scholarsAccommodate 容纳，适应，提供住处，帮忙发挥聪明才智develop one’s o wn talent and wisdomIntellectuals 知识分子initiative 主动性n. 自发的，初步的adj.充分发挥知识分子的积极性与创造性give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals开设课程offer courses重视实用性place stress on practicalityPirate 海盗船，盗版者，强盗n. 抢劫，剽窃，盗用v.pirated software 盗版软件有力地推动教育发展give a big push to the development of education承前启后，继往开来build on the past and prepare for the future / inherit the past and user in the future物质文明，精神文明一起抓pay equal attention on material progress and mental progress形成文明/健康/崇尚科学的社会风尚form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practiceEcological environment 生态环境eco-environmentEco-construction 生态建设防治污染prevent and control pollution加强水土保持reinforce the conservation of water and soil加强城市绿化strengthen the greening of the city保护森林conservation of forest帮助减缓全球变暖的速度help slow down the pace of global warming Infrastructure 基础设施完善城市基础设施建设perfect the construction of urban infrastructure Sustainable 可持续的，可忍受的促进可持续性发展promote sustainable developmentSolar 太阳的，日光的，利用太阳能的solar energy 太阳能清洁能源clean energy resourcesFuel 燃料，食物，加油，激起使用清洁能源burn clean fuelImplement 实施，执行v. 工具器械，手段实行严格的排放标准implement strict vehicle emission standardsTackle 用具，装备，阻挡n. 着手处理，解决，应付v.治理沙地和水土流失问题tackle the problem of sand and soil erosion注重节约资源attach importance of saving resourcesExploitation 开发，剥削，利用，广告推销采用新的开采方法apply new exploitation methods削减污染物排放decrease the disposal of pollutionsCensus 人口普查，统计进行全国人口普查carry out national population census总人口为have a population ofPrivate life 私生活Transition 过渡，转变，变迁Bring about 实现，造成，引起，使船掉头实现向低出生，低死亡，低自然增长的现代人口再生产类型的转变bring about the transition of modern population reproduction pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and low natural growing rate过孤独的生活lead an isolated lifeUrban residents 城市居民Ideology 意识形态，思想思想和观念ideology and concepts对子女寄予厚望pin great hopes on their childrenUndermine 逐渐削弱，从根基处破坏，挖墙脚逐渐削减长辈的权威undermine the authority of the older generation倡导人力资源管理advocate the management of human resourcesMorality 道德，道德观，品德高尚的行为损害人类社会的道德观damage the morality of human society提高人口素质improve the population quality优化人口结构optimize the population structure优生优育bear and rear better children rear 养育尊重和保障人权respect and guarantee human rightsSubsistence 存活，生计Safeguard 维护，防护措施维护和促进人民的生存权和发展权safeguard and promote people’s rights to subsistence and development坚持计划生育的基本国策stick to the basic state policy for family planning取得世界杯决赛的资格qualify for the World Cup finals qualify for 有资格，晋级展现技能demonstrate their skillsTeam title 团体冠军win the team title急于获胜gain an eagerness to winRecognition 认可Wretched 恶劣的，不幸的，悲惨的打破恶性循环break the wretched cycleEngender 产生，造成，引起Spur 刺激，加速促使spur us on to doLay a solid foundation on 打下基础Make a first draft of 打草稿Bring our talent into full playGive full play to 充分发挥Conscientious 认真负责的，本着良心的，谨慎的be conscientious for Publicize 宣传Attach great importance to /take the matter seriously 重视Numerous 无数的，数不清的Indispensable 不可或缺的Migrant workers 农民工Urbanization 城市化Irreversible process 不可逆过程Unprecedented 前所未有的，史无前例的Insightful 富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的insightful perspective Conspicuously 显著的，明显的Dweller 居民city dwellersIn all walks of life 在各行各业Industriously 努力的，辛勤的labor industriously 辛勤劳动Despise 鄙视，看不起Once in a while 时不时，偶尔Deferring 推迟，拖延Penalty 处罚financial penalty 罚款Moral denouncement 道德谴责Incur 招致，引起be incurred toOffenders 犯罪者，犯规者，妨碍的人Painstaking 不辞辛劳地painstaking effortsRepression 压迫recession 萧条Have access to （抽象的）进入Have enough scope for 有足够的余地/机会Snatch 抽空做，抓紧机会做scratch 擦，刮scrap 扔弃，摔毁seize 抓住Exhaustible 用的尽的exhaustive 无遗漏的Plaudit 拍手喝彩称赞plenary 十足的完全的platitude 陈词滥调平凡Erosion 侵害侵蚀depletion 损耗violation 违背delusion 错觉Eclectic 折中的Sensation 感觉知觉激动轰动exaggeration 夸大Excessive 过多的exclusive 专有的独占的除外的distract from 分散注意力discern 辨别分清dissuade sb. From doing 劝阻facet 方面小平面format 构成设计formula 方案规则prevail 流行盛行获胜preside 主持perish 毁灭使麻木死persecute 迫害counterfeit 伪造假冒discourteous 失礼的无礼貌的prudent 节俭的谨慎的benevolent 善意的慈善的obstinate 倔强的顽固的be reconciled to sth. 甘于consolidate 巩固sanction 同意许可warrant 证明保护malignance 恶意有害shroud 覆盖遮蔽unveil 显露除去面纱decay 腐烂deprive 剥夺notorious 声名狼藉的superfluous 过剩的countenance 面容脸色concession 让步curse 诅咒echo 随声附和hail 欢呼欢迎sophisticated 尖端的复杂的先进的老练的scrupulous 小心谨慎的细心的clamorous 吵闹的大喊大叫的camouflaged 掩饰的伪装的edible 可食用的fabulous 传说的神话的disproportionate 不均衡的不相称的extravagance 奢侈铺张opulence 富裕asceticism 禁欲主义苦行by and large 一般来说大体上call on 看望拜访召唤break out 爆发突然发生break in 插嘴闯入训练break through 突破克服挣脱而出break off 突然停止中断脱落暂停for all 尽管虽然come to 苏醒达到总数为继承停止come around 再现恢复知觉回来改变看法come through 经历获得成功脱险传出捐助come into 进入继承…起来加入come across 来到偶遇come round 来过访绕道而来苏醒转变改主意笼络come by 从旁边过得到取得经过come about 发生产生转变方向come out in 以…方式出来live up to 不辜负make a fuse of 小题大做大惊小怪fall back to 求助于转而依靠at its core 从根本上be entitled to 授权给……权力给……定名be assigned to 指派go back on 违背诺言go in for 从事爱好参加考试go through with 经历仔细检查用完参加履行搜查go along with 支持赞同随行hand in 交上递交hand out 分发散发hand down 传递下去hand over 交出移交in honor of 为纪念……庆祝in accordance with 与…一致按照根据lay out 设计安排展示lay off 解雇休息lay down 放下拟定规定lay aside 放一旁收起积累make for 快速走向向前进促进make out 理解辨认出书写填写说明设法应付make up to 巴结讨好make up for 补偿in the light of 鉴于由于按照根据by virtue of 由于因为run over 匆匆看一眼浏览碾过run into 偶然碰到与相撞run through 浏览匆匆读完run down 耗尽撞到衰退减少说坏话贬低run across 撞见碰见run out 用完耗尽set out 动身出发开始陈述测定宣布移植set about 开始散步攻击着手set forth 阐明宣布提出陈列出发set aside 留出不顾取消驳回put out 熄灭关灯生产出出版precaution 预防警惕concession 让步transaction 办理处理学报交易事务处理事物give away 送掉分发放弃泄露出卖让步pass away 去世while away 消磨fade away 逐渐凋谢慢慢减弱induce 劝诱促使导致deduce 推论演绎出seduce 诱使Heartiness 诚实热心harshness 粗糙的事物严肃刺耳uprightness 正直的Be absorbed in 全神贯注于专心于Detach 分开分离分遣Conform to 符合遵照answer to 适应符合attribute to 归因于Collide with 冲突comply with 照做coincide with 符合cope with 竞争应付Perpetual 永久的pathetic 可怜的悲惨的Resolutely 毅然坚决的indecisively 优柔寡断的prematurely 过早的早熟地Fall out 争吵发生fall behind 落后fall in 排队到期fall through 未能实现Get off 下来出发被容忍逃脱惩罚get in 进入收回get on 骑上进展get on one’s nerves 令人不安get through 完成度过get across 越过通过被理解get over 克服爬过熬过恢复原谅get along 生活相处融洽进展有起色Go for 选择袭击适用于go by 从旁边走过依照顺便走访go up 上升增长go off 离开去世消失睡去爆炸发射进行变质Add up to 合计达stand up to 勇敢地抵抗Conclude 结束终止决定seclude 隔离exclude 排除include 包括Wear off 逐渐减少wear out 穿破磨损疲乏耗尽wipe out 消灭垮台Proficiency 熟练精通Bring out 使显示出版生产bring to 使恢复知觉bring into force 使生效实施bring in 生产挣得介绍引进V oid 空的无人的无效的无用地没有的void of 缺乏void of interestedOn the fly 在飞行中不工作闲混in the issue 结果on the sly 秘密地偷偷地Infect 感染传染inflict 造成afflict 使痛苦折磨Substitution 代替Respecting 关系到说到with respect to 关于至于as regards 关于至于Play around 玩耍come around 恢复知觉回来talk sb. around 说服Precede 领先于在…之前proceed 进行继续下去accede 同意继任recede 后退Aversion 厌恶adherence 忠诚坚持黏着incentive 刺激鼓励动机Fancy 想象设想认为爱好自负At a disadvantage 处于不利地位Leave over 留下leave out 省去遗漏不考虑leave behind 留下遗留超过leave off 停止不再穿Let go 放开释放发射let loose 释放放出放任let off 放出饶恕准许暂停工作let out 放掉泄露放大出租解雇释放let down 失望let alone 不打扰更别提let on 泄露假装See off 送行see to 负责注意Obedient 服从的孝顺的obstinate 顽固的倔强的elaborate 精心制作的详细阐述的精细Outlook 展望outbreak 战争爆发疾病发作outcome 结果output 出产Look up 向上看尊敬仰视查询拜访好转look up to 尊敬仰望look on 观看面向旁观看待look through 看穿审核浏览温习从中显露look into 调查观察Fragrance 芬芳香气flavor 风情风味香料sour 酸的In amount to 总计Aptitude 才能天资恰当智能altitude 高度高等attitude 姿势态度看法Substitute 替代substitute A for B 用A替代BTackle 固定应付处理解决抓住tickle 胳肢逗笑使高兴使发痒Exquisite 精致的extravagant 奢侈的exotic 异国情调的eccentric 古怪的Repel 拒绝抵制排斥逐退Curb 控制约束put /place a curb onParadox 矛盾paradise 天堂Impart 传授告知portray 描写Divert 转移转向Alert sb. to the fact that 提醒某人注意…的事实Manifest 明显的显然的体现显现Articulate 清楚地说（发音清楚的）明确地说anticipate 预期期望Alternate 轮流交换Conceive 设想以为怀有构思conceive ofEndeavour 努力endeavour to doSustainable 可持续的feasible 可行的eligible 合格的Subsidiary 附属的次要的Revenge 报仇revenge oneself on sb. 向某人报仇remedy 药补救治疗beyond remedy 不可救药reproach 责备revive 苏醒复活复兴Explicit 清晰的明确的obscure 模糊的baffle 难住使挫折阻碍mingle 混合mingle with /in provoke 煽动激怒驱使divert 转向改道eject 喷出射出incidence 发病率emergence 紧急情况rupture 破裂绝交impetus 推动力in search of 寻找in pursuit of 追求in view of 鉴于由于in light of 根据credit 信赖assure 确保certify 确认impose 征收强加impose taxes 收税twinkle/ glitter 因高兴而发光sparkle with tears 闪烁着泪光overtake 追上surpass 胜过nourish 滋养。
北京考博英语辅导班讲义
北京考博英语辅导班讲义(;不断增加中)英语翻译与写作常用动宾词组一、政治类：把…捐给慈善机构 donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌 look upon … as a threat to society把…列为基本国策 list…..as fundamental national policies把…作为指导 take… as the guide把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice …把握大局 grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement 采取各种措施 adopt various measures参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局 break the deadlock打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption观察当今世界 observe the present-day world缓和紧张状况 ease the tension回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase 了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担 alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想 emancipate our minds解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题 resolve new problems进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期 enter a new period进行和谈 hold peace talks进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协 accept a compromise on开发西部 remake the west开始生效 go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进 open up new ways forward科教兴国 rejuvenate our country through science and education理顺关系 rationalize the relationship履行权利和义务 perform the responsibilities and obligations迈出重要的一步 make an important step热爱和平 love peace深化改革 deepen the reform审时度势 size up the situation实现发展繁荣 bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立 realize national independence实现夙愿 fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标 achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策 practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别 bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业 implement the revitalization of our nation维护世界和平 maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成果 absorb what is advanced in other civilizations下放权力给 delegate the management of ... (to ...)响应号召 respond to the call修改法律 amend the laws宣布…召开 announce the opening of徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends依法治国 govern the country according to law引起全国的关注 arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利 win one victory after another在…中起(至关)重要作用 play a major (crucial, an important ) role in增强凝聚力 enhance the rally power增强综合国力和国际竞争 enhance comprehensive (overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望伟大征程 look into the great journey展现生机和活力 display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难 overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部 revive the west振兴中华民族 rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation政企不分 mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management政务公开 make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动 urge governments of all countries to take action抓住机遇 seize the opportunity转变政府职能 transform (shift) the government functions追求进步 pursue progress追求真理 seek the truth走进新时代 march (stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties遵循规则 follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业 cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy 保持国有股 keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活 guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂 be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法 adopt various methods采取反垄断措施 take anti-monopoly measures承担风险 bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金 raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇 earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内经济需求 spur domestic demand刺激国内需求 stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理 introduce from abroad the advanced technology and经验 management expertise促进地区间的合作 promote regional cooperation促进改革 promote reform促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering打假 take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断 break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁 form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场 take back lost market发挥自身优势 give full play to one’s advantages防范和化解金融风险 take precautions against and reduce financial risks改善投资环境 improve the environment for investment赶超先进 surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响 bring a more positive impact on…根据市场作出调整 gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产 notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议 reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作 further cooperation with和…有合作关系 have cooperative ties with活跃市场 enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development计算出准确的工资水平 figure out an exact salary level加快经济发展和结构调整 speed up economic development and restructuring加快竞争步伐 accelerate the competition加快努力 speed up efforts加强风险防范 prepare oneself against possible risks加强管理 reinforce the management减缓通货紧缩的压力 ease the seriousness of deflation减轻…的负担 reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)减员增效 downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency剪彩 cut the ribbon解除劳动关系 sever labor relation解放生产力 emancipate the productive forces (free the productivity)精简机构 streamline government organs竟争上岗 compete for the post举报非法行为 disclose any illegal activities开辟更多渠道 open more channels开发(青睐)中国市场 tap (favor) the Chinese market开拓市场 exploit markets控制通货膨胀 control inflation (keep inflation under control)扩大贫富差距 widen the gap between the rich and the poor扩大消费市场 expand consumption market留职停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary面对可能的压力和竞争 face possible pressure and competition牟取暴利 seek excessive profits平衡经济(的发展) balance economy取缔非法收入 ban unlawful incomes (illegal earnings)让…处于同一起跑线 put… on the same platform and at the same starting point 让位于竞争需要 give way to the need for competition申请专利 apply for a patent实现目标 realize the goal适应…的发展 adapt oneself to the development of损失惨重 suffer great losses缩小不平衡状态 decrease the imbalance缩小…间的距离 narrow the gap between提高公务员工资 raise the salaries of civil servants提高管理水平 raise the management level提高居民生活 improve residents’ standard of living调整产业结构 adjust the industrial structure推广科研成果 turn laboratory achievements into commercial (mass) production (commercialize laboratory achievements)退还大量钱款 give back an amount of money脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity完善服务 perfect services为…带来多种经济和社会效益bring multiple economic and social benefits to…为…提供巨大商机 present huge business opportunities吸收游资 absorb idle fund吸引外商投资 attract foreign investment下海 plunge into the commercial sea陷入困境 land oneself in deep trouble向…投资巨额资金 invest huge amounts of money into消灭假冒伪劣产品 wipe out fake products以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality优胜劣汰 select the superior and eliminate the inferior优先发展公共运输 give priority to the development of public transportation有巨大潜力 have huge potential for与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market 在…建立分公司 set up branches in造成很大压力 pose a big pressure on造成损失 cause a loss to增加农业投入 invest more in agriculture占领市场10% occupy (take, account for ) 10 percent of the market招商引资 attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas)制订…法律 make a law of制定优惠政策 work out favorable policy制造假象 create smoke screens to do阻碍…的经济发展 handicap (hamper) the economic development阻止人才流失 stop the talent flight (brain drain)遵循市场经济的规律 follow the law of market economy三、文化生活类把…列为世界自然文化遗产 list …as a world natural heritage site摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances)保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage (relics)博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries不注重历史 neglect history采取保护态度 take protective attitude承担应有的义务 undertake the due obligations承前启后，继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future, inherit the past and usher in the future充分发挥知识分子的积极性give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals和创造性触击现行法律的盲区 touch a blank area of the existing law创建卫生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the oldyear and ring in the new)从事电子商务工作 conduct e-commerce促进儿童身心健康发展 promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally促进交流 promote the communication促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products促进相互了解 enhance (further) mutual understanding得到群众的广泛支持 enjoy grass-root support抵住…的诱惑 resist the temptation of对…持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to对…情有独钟 show special preference (favor) to发挥…的聪明才智 develop one’s own talents and wisdom发挥潜力 tap one’s potential繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art反映中国的灿烂文化 reflect the rich culture of China放下架子 relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse, throw off one’s airs) 腐蚀人的灵魂 poison one’s mind改进教学 improve teaching and learning给学生减负 alleviate the burden on students和…持相同观点 share views similar to互派访问学者 exchange visiting scholars激发旅游热情 stimulate enthusiasm for traveling继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishments讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating交换意见 exchange views (ideas, opinions)教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people经受住暴风雨的考验 weather the storm精心编写教材 compile the textbooks with great care净化因特网 purify the Net举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)举行学术会议 hold an academic meeting开创假日经济 initiate Holiday Economy开发潜力 exploit one’s potential开阔视野 widen one’s vision (horizon)开设课程 offer courses开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture攀登事业的高峰 climb one’s career ladder评估学业成绩 evaluate academic scores (achievements)破除迷信 eradicate superstition普及九年制义务教育 make nine-year compulsory education universal普及科普知识，传播科学 popularize scientific and technological knowledge, spread思想，倡导科学精神 scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit启发学生 enlighten the students容纳三千名旅客 accommodate 3000 passengers扫除文盲 eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy上网 get on (have access to, be wired to) Internet实施以德育为核心、以创新 carry on the quality education centering on moral education 精神和实践能力为重点的 and emphasizing creativity and practice素质教育使英语达到更高水平 push one’s English to a higher level受到…的关注 receive attention from疏导游客 divert tourists疏通关系 lubricate relationships树立企业良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image刷卡, 划卡 punch the card; stamp the card陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste (temperament)提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized lifestyle (way of life)提高公务员的综合素质 improve the overall quality of civil servants提高全民反毒品的意识 raise the consciousness of the entire people vs. drugs提高知名度 raise one’s prestige提供受教育机会 offer a chance of education通过资格考试 pass qualification examinations透过现象看本质 see through the appearance to perceive the essence推动人类文明进步 push forward human civilization挖墙脚 undermine the foundation of sth. (cut the ground from under sb’s feet)物质文明,精神文明一起抓 pay equal attention to (place equal emphasis on) the material progress and cultural (ethical) progress相互促进 help each other forward向世界展示中国文化建设 introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to 的成就 the world向学生传授知识 impart knowledge to students消除误解 clear up misunderstanding消除愚昧 eliminate ignorance形成文明、健康、崇尚科学 form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice 的社会风尚以全新的面貌进入新世纪 enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude引起激烈争论 spark a hot debate营造良好的文化环境 create a healthy cultural environment影响身心健康 affect physical and psychological health有力地推动教育的发展 give a big push to the development of education与各国人民交往 communicate with people of all countries增强自我保护意识 strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right找工作 hunt for a job值得重视(关注) deserve one’s attention制止盗版软件 control the pirated software重视(优先考虑)教育发展 give priority to the development of education重视实用性 place stress on practicality尊重知识，尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect competent people四、科技环保类帮助减缓全球变暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming保持生态平衡 keep ecological balance保持水土 preserve soil and water保护和改善生活和生态环境 protect and improve the living environment and the保护珍稀野生动植物 protect rare wild animals and plants保留为自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland采用环保技术 adopt environmental protection technique采用新的开采方法 apply new exploitation methods参加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city参加环保运动 take part in environmental protection activities产生巨大的水文效应 produce great hydrological effects崇尚绿色生活方式 pursue a “green” life创造良好的生态环境 create a pleasant ecological environment促进城市可持续发展 promote the sustainable development of the city发展太阳能 develop solar energy防治污染 prevent and control pollution非常注重保护森林 pay great attention to the conservation of forest改善生态环境 improve the eco-environment (ecological environment)关闭化工厂 close chemical plants加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control加强城市绿化 strengthen the greening of the city加强环境保护 strengthen environmental protection加强生态建设 improve the eco-construction加强水土保持 reinforce the conservation of water and soil坚持门前三包制度 adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”减少机动车辆 reduce the number of vehicles减少浪费 reduce waste揭开人类生命的奥秘 decode the secret of human life进一步加快环保规划 further speed up environmental protection plans禁止露天焚烧 prohibit burning out in the open开展保护野生动物宣传教育 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals 开展绿色活动 advocate green activities扩建管道网络 expand the pipe network普及环保知识 popularize environmental protection knowledge窃取密码 snatch password窃取知识产权 lift intellectual property实行严格的机动车排放标准 implement strict vehicle emission standards使电脑死机 crash computers使用再生纸 use recycle paper探索…的奥秘 probe the mysteries of淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers提高环境管理水平 raise the environmental management level提高居民的环保和生态意识 improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness 提高清洁能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources投放电脑病毒 unleash viruses完善城市基础设施建设 perfect the construction of urban infrastructure为大量野生动植物提供栖息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants 为人类提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings享受国家一级保护 enjoy first-class protection of the State削减污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants抑制传染病的传播 strain the spread of infectious diseases引发一系列的问题 result in a series of problems预防爱滋病蔓延 prevent the widespread of AIDS增强环境意识 enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection战胜非典 defeat SARS治理沙地和水土流失问题 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion注重节约资源 attach importance to saving resources五、人口类不服从父母 disobey their parents倡导人力资源管理 advocate the management of human resources调查性和婚姻状况 conduct a survey on sex and marriage对子女寄予厚望 pin great hopes on their children反映人们的私生活 reflect people’s private lives鼓励创建文明家庭 encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”过孤独的生活 lead an isolated life坚持计划生育的基本国策 stick to the basic state policy for family planning进行全国人口普查 carry out national population census禁止他人作克隆人的实验 inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments开辟人类历史新纪元 start a new chapter in the history of human控制人口数量(增长) control the population size (growth)实现向低出生、低死亡、低 bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction 自然增长的现代人口再生 pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and 产类型的转变 low natural growth rate损害人类社会的道德观 damage the morality of human society缩小代沟 narrow the gap提倡晚婚晚育 encourage late marriage and late childbirth提出离婚 ask for a divorce提高人口素质 improve the population quality维护和促进人民的生存权 safeguard and promote the people’s rights to subsistence and 和发展权 development维护***和不断改善***状况 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation享受优越的生活条件 enjoy good living condition显示明显的差异 display a marked difference优化人口结构 optimize the population structure优生优育 bear and rear better children占总人口的10% account for 10% of the total population造成不同的思想和观念 result in a different ideology and concepts造福人类和科学 benefit mankind and science正确处理经济发展同人口、 correctly handle the relationship of economic development 资源、环境的关系 versus (with) population，natural resources and environment征求父母的意见 ask for her parents’ opinion挣零花钱 earn their pocket money重视人口老年化问题 pay attention to the problem of an aging population逐渐削弱长辈的权威 undermine the authority of the older generation尊重和保障*** respect and guarantee human rights六、体育类避开与…比赛 avoid playing against标志一个历史时刻 mark a historic time表现完美 give some very good performance剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody采取新的计分方法 adopt a new scoring system参加火炬接力 participate in the torch-relay参加热身赛 take part in a key warm-up game参加申办活动 participate in the bidding campaign超过世界记录 surpass the world record成为国家的骄傲 become the pride of the nation创新世界纪录 set a new world record达到国际体育标准 reach the standard for international games打败比利时队 defeat Belgium打破恶性循环 break the wretched cycle打破世界纪录 beat (break, cut) the world record (for …)担任中国国家队主教练 serve as the head coach of the Chinese national team夺冠 take the crown反对使用兴奋剂 oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs符合举办奥运会的要求 meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games更具进攻性 become more aggressive鼓舞队员的士气 boost the morale of the team members获得认可 gain recognition获得团体冠军 win the team title更多资源请登录激发中国青年的雄心壮志 fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths急于获胜 gain an eagerness to win建立职业联赛和俱乐部 set up a professional league and clubs角逐世界杯 compete for the World Cup满意抽签结果 satisfy with the draw面对强手 face strong rivals鸣笛终止比赛 blow a whistle to stop the end of the match配备各种设施 furnish and equip with all facilities取得经验 gain experience取得世界杯决赛资格 qualify for the World Cup finals确保中国进入决赛 ensure China’s appearance in the final申奥 bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics失去男子单打冠军 miss out on men’s singles gold实现零的突破 fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough使其他选手相形见绌 dwarf other athletes使生命焕发活力 wake up one’s life使中国以3∶2取胜 give the Chinese a 3-2 victory提出比赛建议 make comments on the contests提高中国队的水平 raise the level of the Chinese team挑选选手 choose players同教练反应一致 share the same reaction with their coach为奥林匹克运动做出贡献 make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace 卫冕世界冠军 regain world champion吸引中国大学生优秀选手 attract China’s top university players向世界顶级球队学习 learn from the world’s top teams与对手较量 take on an opponent与强队竞争 compete with strong teams增进友谊 strengthen friendship展示技能 demonstrate their skills展示中国足球的最新发展 demonstrate (show) the latest development of China’s soccer 支持北京申办2008年奥运会 support Beijing’s bid for the 2008 Olympic Games主办奥运会 host the Olympic Games主办中国大学生篮球联赛 sponsor the China University Basketball Association league 抓住练习和学习的机会 grasp the chance to practise and learn。
博士入学考试通用考博英语词汇精讲
考博英语—词汇精讲I am a slow walker, but I never walk backwards.单词的构建Ipneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis189819 个派生oriental转换father 例：Einstein fathered the relativity.合成moonlighting发明helicopter mom拼缀motel=motor + hotel 取首字母缩写WC=water + closet截短缩略词ad=advertisement外借舶来词Shangri-Laaptadaptadapt oneself toadapt foradapt fromoptoptionoptionalopticaloptimisticActions speak louder than wordssayingdictaddictcontradictpredictunpredictablestudy &learn acquireacquisitionrequireinquireLive and learn.Discovery coveruncoverrecoverprotectdetectdetective从v olvo 看人生involveevolveevolutionrevolvemissionadmitpermitcommitcommitteeemittransmitsubmitomit别把自己“隔离”起来isolateinsulateinsularinsulin多接触美好的世界touch tangtangibleintangiblecontagioustegintegralintegritycontactintacttacttactics做个优秀的人eminentprominentimminent不要总是沉在水下mergesubmergeemergeemergentemergency做有价值的事worth adj.& n.值得，应该,sb./sth. be worth ...The book is worth 200 yuan.be worth doingThis book is worth reading.worthy adj.& n.有价值的,值得...的, be worthy of +n.She is worthy of our praise.be worthy of being doneThe film is worthy of being watched.be worthy to be doneThe film is worthy to be watched.worthwhile adj.值得做的..值得出力的be worthwhile doing/be worthwhile to do It is worthwhile reading more books=It is worthwhile to read more books.1. In a materialistic and monetary pursuit. society people’s interest seems to be focused solely onA. adaptiveB. addictiveC. acquisitiveD. arrogant2. Even if I won a million-dollar lottery, I would continue to live .A. subtlyB. frugallyC. explicitlyD. cautiously3. Doctors must inform parents about the low odds of success in fertility treatments.A. protectiveB. respectiveC. prospectiveD. perspective4. Moshe katzma, 24, denied any with the beating given to the homeless man, who was found outside a National Headquarters office.A. involvementB. admissionC. isolationD. access5. There are an estimated eight million people currently thought to be eligibleto income tax.A. reclaimB. recoverC. restoreD. return6. As the sky lightened even more, they began to their surroundings more clearly.A. fall outB. fall intoC. make upD. make out7. China's cultural heritage should be better protected through efforts to preserve endangered art.A. inalienableB. intangibleC. intelligibleD. indivisible8. The matter is settled; we may look upon it as being settled.A. as long asB. for goodC. for sureD. as good as9. An announcement of further cuts in government expenditure is .A. imminentB. eminentC. illiterateD. emergent10. The in our soaps should come only from essential oils. Which are steamed or pressed from plants.A. scentsB. scenariosC. scenesD. scales11. A of this approach is that the variables are visually presented in a style that can be understood by generalists and specialists alikeA. valueB. meritC. factorD. worth12. Desperation, hunger, thirst, and resentment all make it likely that people will a more powerful figure who promises them help and or salvation.A. be prone toB. give inC. live up toD. put an end to13. The sentence given to the criminal was much too ; murder should carry themaximum penalty.A. negligentB. solitaryC. lenientD. tedious14. Though it was less attractive, Ralph knew the metal box would be more than the wooden box.A. terminalB. durableC. persistentD. bearable15. In china, although people in many regions earn much less than those in prosperous regions, they also pay much less for commodities, such as housing.A. disposableB. redundantC. equivalentD. interchangeable16. This leads record companies to treat musicians as contracted artists who are not paid a fixed sum for their labor-time, but instead receive royalties in to their success.A. additionB. relationC. percentageD. proportion17. Terrorists will go to any length to their evil ends, and pay no attention to the basic living rights of other peace-loving peopleA. reachB. gainC. achieveD. succeed18. Australia continued the fight to end Japan's annual whale hunts, warning that its plan to kill humpback whales in Antarctica could outrageA. sparkB. leadC. resultD. involve19. At the moment every culture in Britain has a similar philosophy as far as size ; if you want to look good and be desirable, you've got to be thin.A. showsB. statesC. saysD. goes20. Women who entered voluntary work during the inter-war years did so largely because it provided then with _from household routineA. distortionB. diversionC. dissipateD. discountrespectadmirationrespectable respectfulrespectivein respect ofwith respect to irrespectiveadj.不考虑的,不顾的spectspectacle spectacularspectatorspectrumspeculateaspectperspectivesuspectinspect看多了就会印象深刻impressionpresspressureexpressdepresssuppresscompress condensed milk从“依云”到“天真”eviannaivefinfinerefinefinalsemi-finalconfinerestrictconfinedefinedefinitiondefinitive因为“无知”，所以恐惧worriedanxiousnervousupsetelevatoralleviaterelievehumanitarian relief一直“走”下去precede unprecedented concede“走”recedesucceedcessaccessexcessexcessive package gressprogressin progress regressioncongressaggressaggressivevadeevadeclaimclaimsacclaimexclaimproclaimreclaim位置positioncomposedecomposition放proposedisposedisposabledepositimposeimpose onopposeoppositeexpose“活”出个样来microbiologyantibioticsvivesurvivereviveanimalanimateanimationexanimateunanimous1. Let's give a big to tonight's prize-winner.A. respectB. shoutC. praiseD. hand2. It was a depressed and divided country, accustomed to failure and of Change.A. definiteB. curiousC. suspiciousD. anxious3. The secret of the success of Wal- mart in the retailing industry lies inits single-minded and skillful pantsuit of the lowest prices.A. unalleviatedB. uncombedC. unprecedentedD. unaccompanied4. Those who got angry and crazy set fire to ears and shops in the Paris suburb ofClichy-sous-Bois, then the problems .A. evolvedB. evaporatedC. escalatedD. exalted5. The supervisor, his explanation when his fault was pointed out by some talented young students.A. stumbled overB. got overC. dashed toD. gave out6. It is evident that no one, no matter how much they is immunity from the effect of advertising.A. refuseB. reflectC. proclaimD. protest7. "It's probably just stress. " How many times have you uttered those words to yourselfto a headache, pain or illness?A. dismissB. disposeC. dispelD. disrupt8. Schools and colleges have no right to use our public money to promote conduct thatis to the religious and moral values of parents and taxpayers.A. conduciveB. comparableC. pointingD. offensive9. The old farmer his wife, living until 105 years of age.A. beatB. survivedC. lastedD. endured10. He didn't know anything about business, so starting his own was .A. a climb to powerB. a leap in the darkC. a run on the bankD. a step backwards11. Public attitudes toward business regulations are deeply : most people resent intensive government rules, yet they expect government to prevent business from defrauding, exploiting the public.A. hostileB. emotionalC. ambiguousD. cynical12. Ever since the TV show came off the air, there has been that a movie might be made of the show. Finally in autumn 2007, news broke that filming had started.A. specificationB. suspicionC. simulationD. speculation13. A quick wit and a warm smile were the salesman's stock .A. in tradeB. in reserveC. in effectD. in business14. Innovative product platforms like the portable transistor radio and thewalkman the digital lifestyle era.A. set the Stage forB. shed light onC. made sense ofD. gave a hand to15. Successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a lack of , as the first step in learning to be creative.A. resolutionB. eleganceC. aspirationD. originality16. Our parents love us because we are their children, and this is an fact. so that we feel safer with them than with anyone else.A. unambiguousB. uncontrollableC. unalterableD. unintentional17. As a journalist Hemingway trained himself in of expression. His deliberate avoidance of very attractive adjectives is some of the traces of his early journalistic practices.A. economyB. eleganceC. depthD. neatness18. It is the vast number of irresponsible dog owners which has roused public and demands for tighter controls.A. obsessionB. apprehensionC. exclamationD. indignation19. Talking to children about the death of others is a subject that adults away from very strongly.A. shyB. stayC. slipD. skip20. That's all right, it is better to the feeling than to let it build up.A. displaceB. disarmC. dischargeD. dispatchstimulatestimulationstimulant n. 兴奋剂;刺激物stimulus n. 刺激;刺激物;促进因素simulatesimultaneousSI simultaneous interpretation活得多姿多彩varyvarietya variety ofwidely-varyingvariousinvariably构建出人生美好框架skeletonsketchskepticskepticalbe skeptical of sth.suspicious明白自己的首要任务at firstat the beginning ofprime n.全盛时期prime timeprime ministerprimaryprimitive大胆地做act actionactivityhyperactivityoveractivityactiveradioactive bioactiveactorcharacterbe characterized byexactpracticepracticalin practice 实际上out of practice 生疏的put into practice 实行interactreactreactorreactionaryreactivatecounteractcompacttracttractorabstractsubtractretractprotractdistractextractfractFracturefractionrefractoryfragilefragmentfragrance n.芬芳;香味;香气factas a matter of factfactorfactionmanufacture dissatisfaction benefactormalefactionfacilefacilitatefacilityfacsimileaffectaffectionperfectdefecteffecteffectiveinfectsacrificeefficacyefficientproficientproficiencysufficientfictionprofitartificialsuperficialfeaturedefeatfeasiblefigureoperateinoperablecooperate1. Drink coffee when you're sleepy; it's a good and will help to keep you awake.A. incentiveB. promptC. stimulusD. appetite2. Neatly 1000 people are presumed dead as chances of finding more survivors from the sunken Egyptian ferry.A. bubbleB. dwindleC. swayD. shiver3. The only way he escaped from the bitter reality was to lose himself in a movie, allowing his imagination to , viewing himself as a character in it.A. take upB. take onC. take offD. take over4. The market for non-food GE, products could exceed the market for GE food products by a widewithin the next few years.A. varietyB. marginC. rangeD. spectrum5. Newspapers and magazines carry extensive of diet and health topics and diet books are among the best sellers.A. sketchB. concernC. coverageD. involvement6. That war robbed him of the of his career, when he was the best player in the world.A. prejudiceB. preferenceC. privilegeD. prime7. All sorts of technology have to make the new medical systems applied in rural areas efficient and effective.A. come into playB. come into conflictC. taken actionD. taken place8. If a guest wants to tip the housekeeping staff, it's best to leave a little something inan envelope each night instead of a larger amount checkout.A. due toB. owing toC. prior toD. as to9. The lawyer his ideas loudly and clearly at the court, which surprised her a great deal.A. acclaimedB. admonishedC. addressedD. asserted10. The world leaders need to take fiction on the energy crisis that is before our eyes.A. taking shapeB. taking effectC. taking apartD. taking over11. Steve Ells has never advice he couldn't ignore, conventional wisdom he couldn't disregard, a rule he couldn't break.A. come acrossB. come up toC. come up againstD. come around12. He writes in a very manner there're many mistakes almost every page.A. illegibleB. illiterateC. irregularD. irreversible13. She could have cried, but she had no time to dwell her disappointment, for suddenly a harsh voice hailed her from below.A. onB. atC. inD. for14. inflation, driven by rising food and oil costs, is striking hardest at theworld's poorest, who are forced to spend 60 to 80 percent of their income on food.A. SproutingB. SurgingC. SpillingD. Spinning15. She makes no of their affair in public and he understands that he is not to refer to it with these new acquaintances.A. concealmentB. complimentC. amendmentD. acknowledgement16. Mark's posture and attitude boredom when the teacher was giving his instructions.A. transmittedB. deliveredC. endowedD. implied17. John occasionally a great deal of pleasure from taking long trips by himself.A. deviatedB. arousedC. absorbedD. derived18. Wealthy nations have fallen far behind on their aid to the world's poor.A. commitmentsB. engagementsC. responsibilitiesD. applications19. Even at 87, John's mother-in-law has her physical energy and youthful attitude.A. resolvedB. retainedC. retardedD. restrained20. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, _its always being combinedwith elements, most commonly with oxygen.A. referring toB. except forC. regardless ofD. owing to继承heir n. 继承人heritageinherithereditary adj. 世袭的, 遗传的adherecoherecoherentcohesion 凝聚力inherenthesitate学会抗打击hit 有目标地打；袭击He hit him on the face．他打了他的脸。
通用考博英语写作课程讲义(全)
关注：盗版，食品健康，环境污染，经济危机，洋快餐，私家车，住房问题相关的理由，与问题有关的表达，结尾处的对策方面：加强政府的管理，加大资金的投入，制定相关的更加规范的法律，加强对学生、公民的相关教育，呼吁民众行动起来、从自身做起等。
二选一型Para-1背景描述，阐明观点With the advance of (science and technology, society…), an increasing number of people come to realize that 相关问题重要性. Some argue that…, however, I hold the opinion that ….。
Para-2 分析原因To begin with, 原因之一。
Furthermore，原因之二。
And finally, 原因之三。
Para-3 重申立场Despite对立观点的一点点优势。
Personally, 重申我的观点。
问题原因分析型Para-1背景描述，阐明观点With the advance of (science and technology, society…), an increasing number of people come to realize that 相关问题重要性. There are numerous reasons why 出现这个问题, and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. Para-2 具体原因一二三To begin with, 原因之一。
Furthermore，原因之二。
And finally, 原因之三。
Para-3 呼吁解决问题To sum up, I would say that the more are aware of the phenomenon, the more benefits we will get in …(our daily study and job). …问题影响（利gaining/弊effects）型Para-1 背景描述，阐明观点With the advance of (science and technology, society…), an increasing number of people come to realize that 相关问题重要性. 说明这个问题有利还是弊（题目已给出，重申一边）。
Lesson 7考博英语
Lesson 71.curtail v.缩短，消减例句：The new law curtails police powers.2.custodial a.监护的，照管的，管理员的n.圣物保存器3.dampen v.潮湿，减弱，抑制例句：Dampen the soil a little before you put the seeds in. 4.dart vi.猛冲，飞奔vt.投射n.飞镖，飞奔例句：Dr. Liu darted down the stairs.5.debilitating a.使衰弱的6.辨析decay，decompose，rotDecay常指从完整的状态下自然变坏Decompose指由腐败而分解成原来的化学成分Rot常用来指腐烂到了无法辨认的程度7.deciduous a.非永久的，短暂的，脱落的，落叶的8.decree n.命令，法令v.颁布命令，公告搭配：It is forbidden by decree to…法律禁止…例句：It is forbidden by decree to smoke in hospitals in the country.9.辨析：deduce，induce，reduceDeduce 推论，演绎出Induce 引诱，引起，导致Reduce 减少，缩小10.d eduction n.推论，演绎，扣除11.d efecate v.澄清，精华，排粪例句：Sudden brain injury causes the victim to simulaneously urinate and defecate.12.辨析defect，deficitDefect 缺点，缺陷Deficit 赤字13.d efer vt.推迟，延迟vi.听从例句：We will defer to your opinion.14.d eference n.听从，敬重15.d eferential a.恭敬的16.d efiance n.违抗，藐视搭配：in defiance of 违抗，无视17.d efinitive a.最可靠的，权威性的，决定性的18.d eforest v.滥伐森林，砍掉…上的树林例句：Everyone who unlawfully deforests the land will be punished.19.d eform v.损坏…的形状，使…变形例句：Shoes that are too tight can deform the feet.20.d efunct a.死的，不再使用的，失效的21.d egeneracy n.衰退，堕落，倒退22.辨析debase，degrade，disgrace，humiliateDebase常用于物，强调贬低某事物的价值或质量，用于人的时候，一般指降低了某人的道德水准。
名校考博英语词汇资料全
考博英语词汇（1）第一部分词汇记忆策略1．全脑活化人类左右脑分析比较：左脑：意识、低速、一般阅读、知识、知觉、知性、逻辑右脑：无意识、超高速、速读、创造力、视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉、图像、色彩、直觉右脑具备左脑没有的特殊机能：1．超高速大量记忆机制2．图像化机能3．超高速演算机能4．共振共鸣机能2．举例说明：253．词汇记忆策略：联想法、串联法、构词法、近义词、近形词、易混淆词、加减词、固定搭配✧euthanasia, chrysanthemum✧flower----rose, lily, tulip, peony, carnation, camellia, azalea, narcissus,chrysanthemum, forget-me-not, poinsettia, …✧receive---deceive---conceive (-ceive= take; con- = 共同)✧tumble---stumble （tumble…into/through跌倒；stumble…over / on脚下拌到东西而跌倒）✧stationary---stationery （文具，如笔pen,铅笔pencil中含有"e", 故见到"e"就想起是文具。
）✧genius --- genuine (含有us的是天才，因为我们是天才啊！另一个就是“真正的”),✧form---deform确（形状；变形）✧attach to第二部分实例练习1．联想法carnation, narcissus, coroner, chandelier, hippocampus, assassinate, antarctic, armour， abalone, flounder, cult, beau2．串联法network:Internet---cyberspace---email---e-commerce---website---on-line---homepage---browse---retrieve---log on…3．构词法-age （状态、特性、行为）page/rage, advantage/disadvantage, message/massage, courage/encourage, voltage/mileage, village/cottage, luggage/carriage, garagecoverage, cabbage, shortage, leakage, breakage, passage, postage, bondage （bond 结束、约束、债券；bondage就含有“束缚、奴役”的意思）, damage, garbage （garb 衣服）, manage ,spillage,usage, storage, savage, sausage (sauce), dosagelanguage, image, heritage, engage-wardinward, outward, forward, backward, toward, upward, downward, seaward, skyward,---coward, reward, award,a- (构成作表语用的形容词；构成动词。
考博最爱考词汇讲义
考博英语“爱考”词系列（医学和通用考博共享）一、同义词系列1.“妨碍，阻碍”系列encumberfetterprecludehamperhinder2.“遭受”系列subject toliable to sth./ liable to do…be susceptible tobe prone tobe vulnerable tobe inclined to do…,3.“遵守”系列abide byconform tocomply withobserveobey4.“证实”系列confirmverifycertifyascertain5.“加重”系列worsendeteriorateaggravatecompound6.“缓解”系列alleviatepalliateeasemitigate (modify)7.“创新”系列originality creativityingenuity innovation8.“统一”系列integrate integrationunifyunification systematic systematize oneness synthesize synthesis9.“激发，困扰”系列irritateagitateannoyexasperatebotherinfuriateplague10.“工具”系列devicefacilityapparatusutensilimplement11.“恢复”系列recoverrecoveryrecuperateresumereinstate12.“恶化”系列deteriorateaggravateexasperatemake worseworsen13.“传播”系列diffuseprevalencespreadtransmitdisseminatepropagatepropagation14.“感染”系列infect/ infectious communicate/ communicable contagion/ contagious transmission/ transmittable二、形近词系列：1.affect v.影响effect n.效果2. ingenious a.聪颖deingenuous a.淳朴的，直率的3. erotic a.情爱的exotic a.外来的，异域风情的4. discreet a.谨言慎行的discrete a.离散的5.congenial a.志趣相投的congenital a.天生的6.deprive v.剥夺derive v.源自于7.contemptuous a.轻蔑的，傲慢的contemptible a.卑劣的contemplate v.凝视；沉思8.console v.安抚conceal v.隐藏consulate n.领事馆9. ethical a.伦理的，道德的ethnic a.人种的10. consistentconstantinstant11. temperaturetemperament12. commencecommercerecommendcommanddemand。
全国博士英语词汇大纲2
magnetic a．磁性的；有吸引力的magnificent a．壮丽的；宏伟的；豪华的magnifier n．放大镜；放大器magnify v．放大；扩大magnitude n．大小；数量；重要性；巨大maid n．侍女；女仆；少女；处女maiden n．处女；少女；未婚女子maintenance n．维持；保养majestic a．雄伟的，壮丽的；庄严的；威严的；崇高的majesty n．威严，尊严；(M-)陛下majority n．多数，过半数malaise n．不适，欠安malaria n．疟疾malformation n．畸形，变形malfunction n．故障；功能碍障malicious a．恶意的；蓄意的malignant a．恶性的；有害的malnutrition n．营养不良mammal n．哺乳动物managerial a．经理的；管理人的；管理上的，经营上的mandatory a．强制的；委托的maneuver n．手法，操作法manifest v．表明；证明；显示a.明白的；明显的manipulate v．操作；处理；使用；操纵manometer n．压力计；血压计mansion n．大厦，大楼manual a．手的；用手的；手工做的；体力的n．手册，指南manuscript n．手稿；原稿；打字稿marble n．大理石march v．／n．前进；进行；行军margin n．页边空白；边缘；余地；幅度v．加边于marine a．海的；海生的；航海的marrow n．骨髓；精华；活力marsh n．沼泽地marshal n．元帅martyr n．烈士；(因疾病等)长期受痛苦的人marvel n．惊奇；奇观;奇迹v.惊奇;惊异marvelous a．惊人的；奇迹般的;了不起的Marxism n．马克思主义Marxist n．马克思主义者masculine a．男性的；男子气概的n.阳性；阳性词mask n. 面具;口罩v.遮盖;戴面具mass n．团，块，堆；众多，大量v．集聚n．(或M-)弥撒n．(p1．)群众，民众massage n．按摩，推拿v．按摩，推拿massive a．粗大的，大而重的；大规模的，巨大的masterpiece n．杰作；名著mastery n．控制；统治;优势;优胜;掌握，精通mat n．席子；垫子;地席;v.铺上垫子maternal a．母亲的；母系的maternity n．母性；产科医院；怀孕matron n．护士长；女总管；总干事maturate v．成熟；化脓mature a．成熟的；周到的v.成熟,成长maxim n．格言，箴言maximal a．最大的，最高的；最带总括性的maximize v．把…增加到最大限度；充分重视；作尽量广义的解释maximum n．最大量；最高点；顶点；极限a．最大的，最高的115maze n. 迷惑；混乱v.使迷惑;使困惑meadow n．草地；牧草地measles n. 麻疹mechanism n. 机制,机理;机械装置;手法；途径meddle v．干涉，干预median a．中央的，当中的n．中部;中线；中值medicare n．医疗照顾方案／项目medication n．药疗法，药物处理；药物;药剂medicinal a．药的；药用的；治疗的medico-athletics n．医疗体育medico-legal a．法医学的meditate v．沉思，冥思；反省；考虑;策划Mediterranean n．／a．地中海(的)medium a. 中等的，适中的n．中间,适中；媒介；媒介物；传导体medulla n．髓(质)melanin n．黑(色)素melody n．旋律，曲调；歌曲melon n．瓜；甜瓜membrane n．膜memorable a．值得纪念的；难忘的memorandum n．备忘录memorize v．记住；熟记；记录；存储menace v．／n．威胁；恐吓mend v．修补，修理，缝补；改正;改进n．修补；好转meningitis n．脑(脊)膜炎menstrual a．月经的；每月一次的mental a．思想的，精神的；智力的,脑力的merchandise n．商品；货物v．经商；推销merchant n．商人；零售商mercury n．汞，水银mercy n．仁慈；怜悯；宽恕merge v．使(企业等)合并；使结合；吞没；并吞merit n．价值；优点；功绩v.值得；应得merry a．欢乐的，兴高采烈的mesh n．网眼；网络；网状结构mess n．混乱，混杂；脏乱v.弄糟；弄乱；妨碍metabolism n．(新陈)代谢metallic a．金属的；金属制的；含金属的；产金属的；像金属的metastasis n．转移；转移灶；转移瘤meteorology n．气象学methodology n．方法论；(某一学科)一套方法meticulous a．过细的，细致的metropolitan a．大城市的，大都会的；宗主国的n．大城市人；大都市派头的人microbe n．微生物；细菌microbiology n．微生物学microfilm n．缩微胶卷；缩微照片v.用缩微法拍摄microorganism n．微生物midst n．中部，中间migrate v．迁移；移居mild a．温暖的，暖和的；温和的；温柔的；(烟、酒)味淡的military a．军队的；军事的；军用的mill n．磨坊；磨粉机；制造厂，工厂v．碾磨millionaire n．百万富翁mimic a．模仿的；摹拟的mince v．切碎；绞碎n．肉馅mingle v．混合，相混合miniature n．小画像；小型物minibus n．小型公共汽车minister n．部长；大臣；牧师v．伺候，照顾(to)ministry n．部minor a．较小的；较少的；较次要的n．兼修学科v．兼修(in)minority n．少数；少数派；少数民族mint n．薄荷minus a．减去的；负的prep．减(去)n．减号，负号；负数，负量minute a．微细的，微小的；详细的；精密的miracle n．奇迹；令人惊奇的人(或事)misbirth n．堕胎；流产miscarriage n．失败；误投；小产；流产;堕胎miserable a. 悲惨的；痛苦的misery n. 痛苦；悲惨；不幸mismatch v．／n．配错；配合不当missile n．导弹；发射物mission n．使节；代表团；使命,任务；v．派遣mist n．薄雾，霭v．下薄雾；模糊mitigate v. 缓和；镇静；安慰mitral a. 僧帽形的；二尖瓣的moan n．呻吟声；悲叹声v．呻吟,悲叹mobile a．运动的；活动的；易变的；流动的，机动的；活动装置的n．运动物体mobilize v．动员；活动mock v．嘲弄，嘲笑a.假的,虚幻的moderate a. 中等的,适度的;温和的;稳健的n.温和主义者v.变(使)和缓modest a．端庄的, 朴素的；谦虚的,羞怯的modesty n．谦逊，虚心；端庄，稳重;羞怯;朴素modification n．缓和;减轻; 更改，修改modify v．改变,改变;修饰；减轻；缓和modulate v．调整；调节moist a．湿润的，潮湿的moisture n．潮湿；湿气；湿度molar n．磨牙，臼齿a．克分子的mold 同mouldmole n．胎块；痣；克分子molecular a．分子的；克分子的molecule n．分子；克分子；微小颗粒molten a．熔化的；熔融的moment n．片刻，瞬间，时刻；重大，重要monetary a. 钱的；货币的；金融的monitor n. 班长；监听员；监听器;监视器；(病人)监护仪v.监视，监听；监护monocyte n．单核细胞monotonous a．单调的；一成不变的monster n. 怪物;妖怪a.异乎寻常地大的(只作定语)mood n. 心境；情绪；语气moral a．道德的；道义的；有道德的n．寓意；道德上的教训morality n．道德，美德；教训，寓意morbid a．病的；致病的；病态的；可怕的morbidity n. 发病率morphine n．吗啡morphology n．形态学；结构；词法mortal a．致命的；终有一死的；人世间的，凡人的n．凡人moaquito n．蚊子moss n．苔藓，地衣v．长苔藓motel n．汽车旅客旅馆moth n．蛾；蛀虫mothball n．卫生球；樟脑球motto n．箴言；格言；警句mould n．模子，模型，铸模；霉；霉菌v．造型，浇铸；发霉mount v．登上，爬上，骑上；增长；固定；镶嵌n．登上，骑马，支架；底座，底板mourn v．哀悼，悲悼mouse n．鼠；耗子v．捕鼠mucosa n．粘膜mucus n．粘液multiple a. 复合的；多样的；多重的；多倍的；复杂的；并联的n．multiplication n．增加，增多，倍增；增殖，繁殖；乘法multiply v．乘；增加；繁殖multitude n．大批；大群；大量mumps n．流行性腮腺炎municipal a．市的；市政的；市立的murmur n．咕哝；(心脏)杂音mushroom n．蘑菇musk n．麝香mustard n. 芥末mutate 变异；突变mutter v．／n．轻声低语；咕哝：抱怨mutton n．羊肉mutual a．相互的;共同的mycology n．真菌学myopia n．近视mysterious a．神秘的；可疑的；难理解的mystery n．神秘；神秘之事；神秘小说；侦探小说nail n．钉；指甲；爪v．钉,钉住naive a．天真的；朴素的naked a．裸体的；毫无遮掩的napkin n．餐巾(纸)naprapathy n．推拿疗法；矫正疗法narcotherapy n．麻醉疗法；睡眠疗法narcotic a．麻醉的narrate v．讲(故事)；叙述narration n．讲述；故事；记叙体narrative a．叙述的n．记事；叙述;记叙文narrow a．狭的，狭窄的；狭隘的v．弄窄nasal a．鼻的；鼻音的nasty a. 龌龊的；极脏的；令人作呕的naught n．零；无naughty a．顽皮的；淘气的nausea n．恶心；晕船naval a．海军的；军舰的navigation n．航行；航海；航海术;导航；领航；海上交通navy n．海军necessitate v．使成为必需；迫使(常用被动语态)necessity n．必要性；必然性；必需品necropsy n．尸体剖解；验尸necrosis n．坏死negligence n．疏忽；玩忽；粗心大意negligent a．疏忽的；玩忽的；粗心大意的negligible a．可以忽略的；微不足道的negotiate v．谈判；协商negotiation n．谈判；协商neonate n．不满一个月的婴儿neoplastic a．新生物的；赘生的;(肿)瘤的nephew n．侄子；外甥nephritis n．肾炎neural a．神经的neuralgia n．神经痛neurology n．神经病学neuron n．神经元，神经细胞nib n．钢笔尖；尖头nickle n．镍；五分镍币v.镀镍nicotine n．尼古丁niece n．侄女；外甥女niggard a．／n．小气的(人);吝啬的(人) nightwalker n．梦游病患者nil n．无，零nip v. 夹,钳,咬;剪断,夹断nipper n．钳子；镊子；螯nipple n．乳头；乳头状隆起nitrogen n．氮noble a．高尚的；贵族的n．贵族nocturia n．夜尿nocturnal a．夜间的；夜发的node n．节；结；瘤；中心点nodule n．小结节，小瘤nomenclature n．名称；术语；命名(法),术语集nominate v. 提名；指定；任命nomination n．提名；任命nonreversible a．不可逆的nonsense n. 胡说；废话nonsignificant a．无足轻重的,无意义的nonspecific a．非特异性的nostril n．鼻孔notable a. 值得注意的;著名的;显著的n.名人notary n．公证人，公证员noticeable a．显而易见的；值得注意的;重要的notion n．概念；想法；打算，意图notorious a．臭名昭著的；声名狼藉的notwithstanding prep．尽管ad．尽管，还是conj．虽然；尽管nought n．／a．无，零nourish v．施肥于；提供养分；养育nourishment n．食物，滋养品novel a．新颖的；新奇的n．长篇小说novelty n. 新奇;新颖noxious a．有害的；不卫生的；有毒的nuclear a．核的；核心的；原子核的nucleus n．核；核心；原子核；细胞核nude n．裸体的；光秃的；肉色的nuisance n．麻烦事；讨厌的人(或事)numb a．麻木的；失去感觉的numberical a．数字的，用数字表示的，数值的numerous a．众多的，大批的，无数的nursery n．托儿所，保育室;苗圃;繁殖场nurture n．营养物，食物；培育;养育；教养nutrient n．营养品a．营养的；滋养的nutriology n．营养学nyctalopia n．夜盲症nylon n．尼龙oaf n. 畸形儿；痴儿；笨汉oak n. 橡树，橡木a．橡木制的oar n. 桨，橹v．划船，划行oat n. 燕麦oath n. 誓约；誓言oatmeal n. 燕麦片；燕麦粥obesity n. 肥胖症obligation n. 义务,责任oblige v. 迫使;责成;使感激，施恩obliterate v．擦去；涂抹；去掉…痕迹；消失；除去oblivious a．忘却的；健忘的obscure a．暗的；朦胧的；模糊的;不清楚的；偏僻的v．使暗,使黑暗；遮掩；使失色observation n．观察；监视；言论，意见observe v．遵守；奉行；观察，注意到；看到；说，评述observer n．遵守者；观察员，观察家；评述者obsess v．使着迷；迷(缠)着;使烦扰obstacle n．障碍；妨碍obstetrics n．产科学；助产术obstinate a．固执的；顽强的obstruct v．阻塞，堵塞；阻挡，,阻止;设置障碍obstruction n．阻塞，堵塞；障碍物occasion n．场合，时节；时刻v．引起occasional a．偶然的；不时的v. 闭塞的；堵塞；(牙齿)咬合occult a．隐(伏)的；潜隐性的；秘密的ocular a．眼的；视觉的;目击的odds n．不平等；差异;差距;可能性odo(u)r n．气味；香气；臭气offence(-se) n．犯法；犯规，过错；冒犯;触怒；进攻offend v．冒犯；触犯；得罪;使不快；使恼火offensive a．冒犯的，攻击的n．攻势;进攻officinal a．药房现成有售的；依据药典配制的；药用的n．成药；药用植物officious a．过分殷勤的；好管闲事的；非官方(正式)的offset n．／v．分支；抵消；补偿omen n．预兆，兆头ominous a．不祥的，不吉的；预兆的，预示的oncology n．肿瘤学onion n. 洋葱opaque a．不透光的；不反光的,不传导的；晦涩的opera n．歌剧ophthalmology n．眼科学opiate n．鸦片制剂opium n．鸦片；麻醉剂opponent n．对手；敌手a.对立的;反对的opportunity n．机会oppress v．压迫；压制；压抑oppression n．压迫，压制；压制物;沉闷；压抑opt v．抉择，选择optical a．眼的，视力的; 视觉的;光学的optics n．(用作单或复)光学optimal a．最适宜的；最理想的;最令人满意的optimism n．乐观；乐观主义optimistic a．乐观的；乐观主义的optimize v．使尽可能完善；(表示)乐optimize v．使尽可能完善；(表示)乐观optimum n．最佳；最适条件；最适当的食物量option n．选择；选择权；选择自由optional a．可任意选择的；非强制的optometrist n．配镜师orbit n．眼眶，眼窝；轨道v.作轨道运行orchard n．果园orchestra n．管弦乐队ordeal n．严峻；考验；折磨organ n．器官；风琴organelle n．细胞器；小器官organic a．器官的；有机的organism n．有机体；生物orient n．东方v．定位oriental a．东方的n．东方人orifice n．孔，口originality n．创造力；独创性；创见，创举originally ad．最初地；有独创性地originate v．起源，发生；首创；创始ornament n．装饰，装饰品v．装饰ornamental a．装饰的；作装饰用的n．装饰品；观赏植物orphan n．孤儿a．无父母的；无父(或母)的；孤儿的orthopedics n．矫形外科学osmosis n．渗透(作用)osteoma n．骨瘤ostrich n．鸵鸟otitis n．耳炎otorhinolaryngology(otolaryngology) n．耳鼻喉科学outpatient n．门诊病人outrageous a．蛮横的；残暴的；无耻的outskirts n．郊区oval a．卵形的；椭圆形的n.卵形物ovary n．卵巢oven n．炉，灶；烘箱overactivity n．活动过度；过度活跃overall a．全面的；综合的n．工作服；罩衫；(pl．)工作裤overcast n．阴天a．阴暗的；郁闷的overflow v．使涨满；溢出；流出；漫出oversleeve n．袖套overt a．公开的；明显的overthrow v．／n．推翻；颠覆overwhelm v．压倒；制服ovum n．卵细胞oxide n．氧化物oyster n. 牡蛎ozone n. 臭氧pad n．垫，衬垫；便笺本v．填塞paddle n．桨v．用桨划pagoda n．塔pail n．提桶painstaking a．苦干的；艰苦的,费力的;刻苦的pal n．好朋友，伙伴v.成伙伴palate n．腭palliate v．减轻；缓和palliative a. 姑息的；治标的pallor a. 苍白；灰白palm n. 手掌；棕榈palpation n. 触诊palpitate v. 悸动；急速地跳动palsy n．瘫痪；中风，痉挛pamphlet n．小册子pancake n．薄煎饼pancreas n．胰(腺)pandemic a. 流行的；传染的n．传染病panel n．专门小组；面；板；控制板，操纵盘panic n. 恐慌;惊慌a.恐慌的;惊慌的pant n．v．气喘；心跳pants n．裤子pap n．软食；半流质食物papula n．丘疹；小突起parachute n．降落伞v．用降落伞降落parade n．游行；检阅v．游行paradise n．天堂paragraph n．段落，节；短讯；短评parallel a．平行的，与…平行的n.平行线，纬线；对比paralyse v．使麻痹，使瘫痪paralysis n．麻痹，瘫痪paralyze v．使麻痹，使瘫痪paraphrase n．释义；意译v．将…释义(意译)parasite n．寄生虫；寄生菌；食客parcel n．小包，包裹；(土地的)一块parenterally ad．不经肠道parish n．教区parliament n. 国会；议会parliamentary a．议会的；国会的parlo(u)r n．客厅；休息室paroxysm n．阵发；突发parrot n．鹦鹉partial a．部分的，局部的；偏爱的，不公平的participant n．参加者；参与者a．参与的participate v．参与；参加；分享；分担participation n. 参与；参加；分享particle n. 粒子；微粒；小品词；虚词partition n．分开；隔开物；隔开部分passion n．热情，激情；爱好；激怒；大怒passionate a．热情的；热烈的；激昂的；易动情的；易怒的；性情暴躁的passive a. 被动的；消极的paste n. 浆糊,糊状物v.粘,贴patch n．小片；小块；补钉;膏药;斑v．补，修补patent a．专利的；特许的n．专利；专利权v．给予…专利权；获得…专利权pathogen n．病原体pathology n．病理学pathophsiology n．病理生理学patience n．耐心；忍耐patient a．有耐心的；能忍耐的n.病人，患者patriot n．爱国者patriotic a．爱国的patrol n．巡逻；巡逻队v．巡逻pattern n．模式；式样；图案；花样v．仿制；模仿pave v. 铺砌；铺路pavement n. 人行道pavilion n. 亭子pearl n．珍珠v．呈珍珠状;用珍珠装饰peck v．／n．啄peculiar a．特殊的；独特的；古怪的peculiarity n．独特性，特色；特殊的东西；怪癖pedagogy n．教育学；教学法pedal a．足的；脚踏的n.脚踏v.骑自行车pedestrian n．行人a．步行的pediatrics n．儿科学peel v．削皮，剥皮n．果皮peep v．／n．偷看；窥看peer v．盯，窥，凝视n．同事;前辈peg n．木(或金属)钉；衣夹v.钉木钉pelvis n．骨盆penalty n．罚；惩罚pendulum n．摆；钟摆penetrate v．穿透；渗入；看穿penetration n．穿透；穿人；渗透peninsula n．半岛peninsular a．半岛的；半岛状的penny n．便士；一分pension n．抚恤金；养老金；年金v．给予…养老金(抚恤金等) pepper n．胡椒粉；胡椒；辛辣(或富于刺激性)的事物v．撒胡椒粉于pepsin n．胃蛋白酶peptic a．消化性的；助消化的；消化液的perceive v．察觉，发觉；理解；领悟perceptible a．感觉得到的；看得出的；可理解的perception n．感觉；概念；理解力perceptive a．知觉的；感觉灵敏的;有察觉力的；有理解力的percuss v．叩诊；震动；敲打percutaneous a．经皮的perforate v．穿孔；贯穿perform v．做，施行；完成；表演；演出performance n. 表演；演出；执行；完成performer n. 表演者；执行者perfume n. 香水；香料v．撒香水perfuse v. 洒；灌注；使充满peril n．严重危险v．置…于危险中periodic n．期间；周期；时期；时代；句号(pl．)月经期periodic a．周期的；定期的；间歇的；循环的periodical a. 定期的；周期的；期刊的n. 期刊，杂志peripheral a. 末梢的；周围的permanence n. 永久(性)；持久(性)permanent a. 永久的；持久的permeable a. 可渗透的；具渗透性的permeate v. 渗入；透过；弥漫；充满pernicious a．有害的，有毒的；恶性的;致命的perpetual a．永久的；永恒的perplex v．困惑；难住；使复杂化persecute v. 迫害persecution n. 迫害persevere v. 坚持；不屈不挠personify v．拟(某物)为人;使人格化；表现；体现personnel n．全体人员；全体职员；人事部门perspective n．前景；前途；观点；看法a. 透视的perspire v. 排汗pertain v．(to)附属，从属；关于；有关；适合，相称pertinent a．恰当的；贴切的；中肯的；有关的；相干的perturb v. 使不安;烦扰;扰乱;使紊乱perturbation n. 不安,烦扰;扰乱;紊乱pertussis n. 百日咳pervade v. 弥漫,渗透;充满,遍及pessimism n. 悲观；悲观主义；厌世pessimist n. 悲观者；悲观主义者；厌世pessimistic a. 悲观的;悲观主义的pesticide n. 杀虫剂；农药petition n.／v．请愿，申请，祈求petrol n．汽油petroleum n．石油petty a．细小的,次要的;渺小的pharmaceutical a．药学的;药物的；药用的;药剂师的pharmacology n．药理学；药物学pharmacy n．药学；制药；药店,药房pharyngitis n. 咽炎pharyngoscope n．咽镜pharynx n. 咽philosopher n. 哲学家;哲人philosophical a. 哲学家的;哲学上的;达观的philosophy n. 哲学,哲学体系phonetic a. 语音(学)的phosphate n. 磷酸盐phosphorus n. 磷photography n. 摄影术physiological a．生理学的；生理的physiology n．生理学pick v．挖；拾，采,摘;挑选n.镐picket n．桩，尖桩v．派去放哨;用栅子围上pickle n．腌制品；泡菜pictorial a．绘画的；图片的n．画报picturesque a．景色似画的；别致的pierce v．穿透pigeon n．鸽子pigsty n．猪圈pillar n．柱，支柱；柱形物pilot n．驾驶员，飞行员；领港员；引水员v．领港；驾驶(飞机等) pin n．大头针;别针;徽章;销,栓v．钉住,别住pinch v．／n．拧，捏,夹(痛);挤压pine n．松树v．憔悴;消瘦;渴望pink n．桃红色;粉红色a.粉红色的pinkeye n．火眼pistol n．手枪piston n．活塞pit n．坑；窖；小凹陷pitch n．沥青pitiable a．引人怜悯的；可怜的pitiful a．令人怜悯的；可怜的pituitary a．垂体的；粘液的n.垂体,垂体前后叶制剂pity n．怜悯；惋惜；可惜的事,憾事placebo n．安慰剂；宽慰话placenta n. 胎盘plague n. 瘟疫;鼠疫;灾祸;天灾v. 染瘟疫planetary a. 行星的,有轨道的plantation n. 种植园;栽植plaque n. 班,血小板;噬菌区plasma n. 血浆plaster n. 灰泥;膏药v.涂灰泥;敷贴膏药;减轻plateau n. 高原;平稳时期;停滞时期platelet n．血小板plea n．抗辩；诉讼；托词；请愿；请求plead v．恳求；为…辩护，辩解pledge n．誓约；保证v．发誓；保证plenary a．完全的；绝对的；全体出席的pleura n．胸膜plexus n．(血管，淋巴管，神经等的)丛plight n. 境况；困境，苦境v．保证plot n. 一块地；计划，阴谋,情节v. 策划plumber n．管子工；铅管工plump a．丰满的；饱满的plunder v．／n．掠夺；抢劫plunge v. 跳入;(使)投入;(使)入;猛冲plural n./a. 复数(的)plus prep. 加n.加号;正号a.正的pneumonia n．肺炎poke v. 戳，刺，捅，插；触碰；伸(头)polar a．地极的；南极的；北极的polarization n．(电)极化；极化强度；偏振；两极分化polarize v．极化；偏振；使两极分化pole n．柱，杆；地极；磁极v．用杆撑policy n. 政策,方针polish v. 擦亮,抛光n.擦亮剂poll n. 投票;投票数;民意测验v. 投票;对…进行民意测验polymer n. 聚合物；聚合体polyp n．息肉polytechnic a．多种工艺的；多种科技的pond n．池塘ponder v．考虑；沉思porcelain n．瓷；瓷器porch n．门廊pore n．毛孔；气孔；细孔v.凝视pork n．猪肉porridge n．粥port n．港口portable a．轻便的；手提(式)的portal a．肝门的；门静脉的；porter n．搬运工人；守门人portion n．部分；一份portrait n．肖像，画像positive a．确定的，肯定的；积极的；正面的；阳性的n．明确；实在；正面possess v．拥有，占有possession n．所有物；拥有，占有possessive a．占有的；所有的n．(the-)所有格postage n．邮费；邮资postal a．邮政的，邮局的n.明信片postdoctoral a．博士后的poster n．招贴；标语；广告(画)posterior a．后面的postmortem a. 死后的;验尸的n．尸体解剖；验尸postscript n．又及；附言；再者potassium n．钾potent a．有力的；有效力的；有势力的；烈性的potential a．潜在的；可能的n．潜力potentiality n．潜在性；可能性；(pl．)潜力potentiate v．加强；使更有效力(尤指药物)pottery n. 陶器类；陶器制造(术)poultry n. 家禽powder n．粉末，药粉pox n．痘，疹；脓疱practitioner n. 开业者；实践者131precaution n. 预防,谨慎;警惕v.预先,警告precautious a.有防备的；戒备的；警惕的precede v.在先，在前；优于precedence n.领先；在前；优先；上座precedent n.先例，前例a．在前的，优先的precious a.珍贵的，贵重的precipitation n.沉淀；加速；促进；降雨量precise a.精确的，准确的precision n. 精确(性);精密a.精确的，精密的precursor n.先驱者；前辈；前任；预兆；先兆predecessor n.前辈；前任者predispose v.使易感染；预先安排predisposition n.倾向；素质；易罹病的素质predominant a.占优势的；主要的；流行的；显著的preference n. 偏爱；喜爱；优先pregnancy n. 怀孕；怀孕期pregnant a. 怀孕的；孕育着的prejudice n. 偏见,成见;侵害,损害,歧视v. 使抱偏见,不利于preliminary a. 预备的,初步的n. 预考,初试prelude n.序言；预兆premature a.早熟的；不到期的n.早产的婴儿premed(premedical) a.医科大学预科的premier n. 总理,首相a．首要的,首位的premise n. 前提;(pl.)房屋(及其附属建筑,基地等)v.提出…为前提preoccupy v. 先占,使全神贯注;迷着;吸引preponderance n. 优越,优势prerequisite a.必须先具备的；先决条件的prescribe v.处(方)，开(药)；规定；指示；命令prescription n.药方，处方；命令；指示；规定prescriptive a.规定的，指示的；约定俗成的preside v. 主持presidency n. 总统的职位；管辖press v.压，挤，按；逼迫，催促n.报刊，出版界；压榨机，印刷机prestige n. 威望，声望presume v. 推测；假定presumption n. 假定，推测;专横,冒昧pretend v. 假装；假托prevail v. 取胜；占优势；流行,盛行prevalence n. 流行，盛行prevalent a. 流行的，盛行的previous a. 先的，前的，以前的previously ad.以前地prey n.被捕食的动物；捕食v.捕食；掠夺；折磨prick v. 刺(穿)；戳(穿)；刺痛priest n.教士；神父；牧师primary a.首要的，主要的；基本的；最初的；初级的；原始的；原发的prime a.主要的，首位的；最好的，头等的n．全盛时期；青壮年时期primitive a.原始的，早期的；简单的；粗糙的n．原始人(事物)prince n.王子；亲王princess n.公主；王妃priority n.优先；重点；优先权,先,前prism n.棱镜；棱柱(体),角柱(体)privacy n.隐居，隐退；秘密，私下；隐私private a.私人的；私有的；私立的；秘密的；私下的privilege n.优惠；特许；特权v．给予优惠；给予特权probation n.检验；验证；试用；见习probe n.探针；探查；探测器v．用探针探查；探查；查究procaine n.普鲁卡因procedure n.程序；步骤；过程procession n.队伍；行列；行进processor n. 加工者,处理者,信息处理机proclaim v. 宣布,声明proclamation n. 宣布,公布,声明,公告;宣告prodrome n.前驱症状；序论productivity n.生产率；生产能力proficiency n. 熟练；精通proficient a. 熟练的，精通的profile n.侧面(像)；外形，轮廓v.描…的轮廓profound a.深刻的；渊博的；深远的；深切的profuse a.极其丰富的；过多的prognosis n.预后progress n./v.前进；进步；进展progression n.前进；进步；接续progressive a.进步的；前进的；渐进酡：进行性的prohibit v.禁止；阻止prohibition n.禁止；禁令project n.计划；方案；工程；项目v.设计，规划；投射，放映,凸出projection n.设计，规划；发射，喷射,投影，投影图；凸出projector n.计划人；放映机；幻灯；发射装置prolapse n. 脱垂；下垂prominent a.突出的，杰出的；凸起的,突起的；显著的promote v. 提升，晋升；促进，增进,助长prompt a.敏捷的；迅速的；即刻的v.促使；引起ad．准时地prone a.有…倾向的；易于…的propaganda n.宣传propagate v.繁殖；宣传；传播propel v.推进，推动property n.财产；所有权；性质；特性prophylaxis n.预防；预防法proponent n.建议者；支持者a．建议的proportion n.部分；比例，比重；均衡，相称v．(使)成比例proportional a.相称的；成比例的proportionate a.成比例的；相称的v．使成比例proposal n.提议，建议；推荐；打算；求婚propose v.提议，建议；推荐；打算;求婚prose n.散文prosecute v.彻底进行；从事;经营,对…起诉；告发prosecution n.彻底进行；从事;经营,起诉;告发prospect n.展望；前景v．勘探prospective a.预期的；未来的；前瞻性的prosper v.繁荣，昌盛；成功prosperity n.繁荣；兴旺；成功prosperous a.繁荣的，兴旺的prostate n.前列腺protest v./n.断言；主张；抗议；反对protocol n.议定书；草约；会谈记录；外交礼节protoplasm n.原生质，细胞质prototype n.原型；标准；典型protract v.延长；伸长protrude v.伸出；突出proverb n.谚语，格言v．成为谚语：用谚语表达province n.省；领域，范围provincial a.省的，地方的n．外省人；乡下人provision n.给养，口粮；准备，预备；条款，规定v．向…供应粮食provoke v.煽动；激怒；激起；诱发proximate a.贴近的；近似的；即将到来的proximity n.贴近，接近；近似prodent a.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的；节俭的pseudo a.假的，冒充的psychiatry n.精神病学psychic a.精神的,心理的psychological a.心理的,心理学的psychology n.心理学psychosis n.精神病,精神极度不安puberty n.青春期puff n.(一)喷，(一)吹；一阵，一股(气味)；隆起的小块pulmonary a.肺的pumpkin n.南瓜,南瓜藤punch v.冲压, 穿孔n．冲压机；穿孔机punctual a.准时的；不误期的；正确的；精确的puncture n./v.穿刺，刺puppet n.木偶，玩具；傀儡puppy n.小狗，幼犬purification n.纯化，净化；提纯purify vt. 使纯净，使洁净；纯化purple n.紫色a．紫的，紫红的v．(使)成紫色purse n. 钱包pursue v. 追逐；追击；从事；进行pursuit n. 追赶，追求；职业；事务purulent a. 化脓的；脓性的pus n. 脓；脓液pajama n.(pl.)睡衣裤pylorus n.幽门pyrexia n.发热quack n.庸医；江湖医生；冒充内行的人;骗子quadrant n.四分体；象线quake v./n.震动，颤动；发抖quantities v. 测定(估计)…的数量quarantine n. 检疫；检疫处；隔离；隔离区quarterly n.季刊a．季度的ad．季度地quartz n.石英queer a.奇怪的，古怪的；眩晕的；不舒服的；想呕吐的quench v.熄灭；扑灭；抑制quest n./v.寻找；探求；搜索questionnaire n.调查表；问题单queue n.辫子；行列；长队v．排长队quiescence n.静止;休眠;(疾病的)被遏制状态quilt n.被(子)；被状物v.缝(被)；用垫料填塞quinine n.奎宁quinsy n.扁桃体周脓肿quiver v.颤抖n．颤动；箭袋quiz n.恶作剧；挖苦；小型考试；测验；知识竞赛quota n. 定额quote v. 引用,援引rabies n.狂犬病racial a.人种的；种族的；种族间的racism n.种族主义；种族歧视racist n.种族主义者rack n.搁板，行李架radial a.光线的；射线的；辐射状的；桡骨的n．放射部；射线radiate v.散发，发光，辐射a．有射线的radiation n.辐射，发光，发热；放射物radical a.根本的，重要的；彻底的；激进的radicle n.根；基radioactive a.放射性的radiograph n.放射照片radiology n.放射学radiotherapy n.放射疗法radius n.半径；放射线; 桡骨rag n.破布，碎布rage n.愤怒v．发怒raid n./v.袭击；搜查rail n.栏杆，围栏；铁路v．用栏杆围隔rake n. (长柄的)耙子，钉齿耙；耙状的用具v．耙rale n.罗音；水泡音rally n.集合；恢复；振作；大会v.集合；召集；振作；恢复ramble v./n.闲逛；漫步ramify v.分枝；成网状rancher n.大牧场主(或工人)；大农场主(或工人)；大牧场(或农场)管理人员rarity n.罕见的事物rascal n.流氓；无赖rash n.疹a．急躁的ratify v.批准；认可rating n.级别，等级；额定值,定额；责骂，申斥ration n.定量；给养；口粮rational a.理性的；合理的rationale n.基本原理；理论基础；原理的阐述ravage v./n.蹂躏，劫掠，毁坏razor n.剃刀reactionary a.反动的n．反动分子reactivate v.使恢复活动；使复能readily ad.乐意地；容易地reagent n.试剂；反应力；反应物realm n.王国，国土；领域，范围ream n.令；大量v．铰大,钻大;榨出…的汁reap v. 收割；收获rear n. 后部，尾部a．后方的，后部的v．抚养；栽种；饲养reassure v.使放心；再次保证rebellious a.造反的，反抗的；(疾病等)难治的rebuke v./n.训斥，指责；非难,谴责recede v.退；退去；收回，撤回receptacle n.容器，贮藏器；插座，插孔recipe n.菜谱；配方；处方recipient n.接受者；受血者；受体reciprocal a.相互的；往复的；互利的n.有相互关系的事物；倒数recite v.背诵，朗诵；列举reck v.顾虑，介意；有关系，相干；注意，对…有关系recklessly a.不在乎的；不顾后果的reckon v.数，计数；看作，认为reclaim v.开垦；回收；改造；感化recline v.向后靠；斜倚recoil v./n.撤回；退位；跳回;弹回；产生反作用recollect v.回忆；追忆；想起recombination n.再组合；再化合；复合recommend v.劝告，建议；介绍,推荐recommendation n.建议，劝告；推荐recompensce n.酬报；赔偿reconcile v.使和解；调解reconciliation n.和解recondition v.修理，修复，修整；改革，改善reconstruct v.重建，再建recreation n.娱乐，消遣recrudesce v.(病痛)复发recruit n.补充；恢复健康;复原rectify v.纠正；整顿rectitis n.直肠炎rectum n.直肠recumbent a.躺着的；斜靠的recur v.复发；再发reel n.卷轴，卷筒；卷盘，一盘v.卷，绕；拉起referral n.工作的分派；治疗安排refine v.精练；精制；提纯；精炼refluent a.倒流的，回流的refractary a.难治疗的；顽固性的refrain v.抑制；忍住refresh v.提神，振作,使清新refreshment n.茶点，点心;恢复;爽快refugee n.难民；流亡者refusal n.拒绝，回绝refute v.反驳，驳斥regimen n.社会制度；生活制度；服药时间(表)regression n.退化；退步；消退；回归rehabilitate v.使复原，恢复(正常生活)rehearsal n. 排练，排演；练习，演习；背诵；详述，复述reign v./n.统治reinforce v.增援，加强n．加固物relapse n./v.复发；再发relaxant a.弛张的；n．弛缓药relay v.中继，转播；接力；再放；重新涂；重新铺设relevance n.相关；中肯；恰当relevant a.相关的；适当的；中肯的reliability n.可靠性reliable a.可靠的relic n. (p1.)遗体，尸体；遗物；遗迹；废墟relief n.缓解，消除；救济，援救relieve v.缓解，消除，减轻；救济religion n.宗教，信仰religious a.宗教的；信教的；虔诚的reluctance n.勉强，不情愿reluctant a.不愿的，勉强的remedy n.药品；治疗措施；补救办法v.治疗；补救remit v.缓解，减轻remittent a.弛张的；忽重忽轻的remnant n.a.残余(的)；剩余(的)removal n.排除；切除；搬迁，移动renal a.肾的render v.使得，使变为；提出,提供；给予；呈报n．缴纳repeal v./n.撤消，废除repel v.拒绝，排斥repent v.悔悟；后悔repetition n.重复，反复replicate v.复制；重复represent v.表示，说明；描写，表现，象征；代表，代理；演出；提出representative n.代表；代理人a．代表性的repress v.镇压；抑制；约束repression n.抑制；约束；镇压reproach v./n.责备，申斥，指责reproduce v.繁殖，生殖；复制，仿造repulsion n.排斥；反感；厌恶reputation n.名声；声望requisite a.必不可少的n．必需品rescue v./n.营救，救援resect v.切除resemblance n.相似；相似点；相似物resemble v.相似，象resent v.不满于；愤恨；怨恨reserve v.保留；储备；预定n．储备；储备品；储备金reservoir n.水库，蓄水池；贮主reside v.居住；驻扎residence n.住处；住宅resident n.居民；常住者；住院医师residual a./n.残留(的)；剩余(的)residue n.残余；剩余；残渣resign v.辞去；辞职；顺从；听从resignation n.辞职；辞呈；听从；屈从resin n.树脂；松香resistant a.有抵抗力的；反抗的；有耐药性的resoluble a.可分解的；可溶解的；可解决的resolute a.坚决的，果断的resolution n.决心，坚决；决定;决议;消除；消退；分解resonance n.回声，反响；共振；共鸣resonate v.共振，谐振；共鸣resort v.求助；凭借；诉诸n．胜地；常去之处respective a. 各自的;各个的respire v. 呼吸respiration n. 呼吸respond v. 回答, 答复, 响应, 起反应response n.回音，回答；反应, 响应responsibility n.责任；职责responsible a. 应负责的, 有责任的, 责任重大的；认真负责的restore v. 归还，放回；修复;恢复restrain v. 抑制；制止restraint n. 抑制；约束restrict v.限制；约束restriction n.限制；约束resultant a.作为结果而发生的n. 结果；组合；生成物resume n.梗概；个人简历v.重新开始，继续；恢复retail v./n.零售，零卖a．零售的。
北京考博英语辅导班讲义[1]
![北京考博英语辅导班讲义[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/8d0bb7d9998fcc22bcd10d59.png)
北京考博英语辅导班讲义(;不断增加中)英语翻译与写作常用动宾词组一、政治类：把…捐给慈善机构 donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌 look upon … as a threat to society把…列为基本国策 list…..as fundamental national policies 把…作为指导 take… as the guide把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice …把握大局 grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement采取各种措施 adopt various measures参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局 break the deadlock打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major)contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption 观察当今世界 observe the present-day world缓和紧张状况 ease the tension回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in publicopinion坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担 alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想 emancipate our minds解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题 resolve new problems进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期 enter a new period进行和谈 hold peace talks进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协 accept a compromise on开发西部 remake the west开始生效 go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进 open up new ways forward科教兴国 rejuvenate our country through science and education 理顺关系 rationalize the relationship履行权利和义务 perform the responsibilities and obligations 迈出重要的一步 make an important step热爱和平 love peace深化改革 deepen the reform审时度势 size up the situation实现发展繁荣 bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立 realize national independence实现夙愿 fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标 achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策 practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别 bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业 implement the revitalization of our nation维护世界和平 maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成果 absorb what is advanced in other civilizations下放权力给 delegate the management of ... (to ...)响应号召 respond to the call修改法律 amend the laws宣布…召开 announce the opening of徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends 依法治国 govern the country according to law引起全国的关注 arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利 win one victory after another在…中起(至关)重要作用 play a major (crucial, an important ) role in增强凝聚力 enhance the rally power增强综合国力和国际竞争 enhance comprehensive (overall)national strength andinternational competitiveness展望伟大征程 look into the great journey展现生机和活力 display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难 overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部 revive the west振兴中华民族 rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation政企不分 mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management政务公开 make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动 urge governments of all countries to take action抓住机遇 seize the opportunity转变政府职能 transform (shift) the government functions追求进步 pursue progress追求真理 seek the truth走进新时代 march (stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties遵循规则 follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业 cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股 keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活 guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂 be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法 adopt various methods采取反垄断措施 take anti-monopoly measures承担风险 bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金 raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇 earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内经济需求 spur domestic demand刺激国内需求 stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理 introduce from abroad the advanced technology and经验 management expertise促进地区间的合作 promote regional cooperation促进改革 promote reform促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy 打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering打假 take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断 break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁 form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场 take back lost market发挥自身优势 give full play to one’s advantages防范和化解金融风险 take precautions against and reduce financial risks改善投资环境 improve the environment for investment赶超先进 surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响 bring a more positive impact on…根据市场作出调整 gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产 notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议 reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作 further cooperation with和…有合作关系 have cooperative ties with活跃市场 enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development 计算出准确的工资水平 figure out an exact salary level加快经济发展和结构调整 speed up economic development and restructuring加快竞争步伐 accelerate the competition加快努力 speed up efforts加强风险防范 prepare oneself against possible risks加强管理 reinforce the management减缓通货紧缩的压力 ease the seriousness of deflation减轻…的负担 reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)减员增效 downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency剪彩 cut the ribbon解除劳动关系 sever labor relation解放生产力 emancipate the productive forces (free the productivity)精简机构 streamline government organs竟争上岗 compete for the post举报非法行为 disclose any illegal activities开辟更多渠道 open more channels开发(青睐)中国市场 tap (favor) the Chinese market开拓市场 exploit markets控制通货膨胀 control inflation (keep inflation under control)扩大贫富差距 widen the gap between the rich and the poor扩大消费市场 expand consumption market留职停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary面对可能的压力和竞争 face possible pressure and competition 牟取暴利 seek excessive profits平衡经济(的发展) balance economy取缔非法收入 ban unlawful incomes (illegal earnings)让…处于同一起跑线 put… on the same platform and at the same starting point让位于竞争需要 give way to the need for competition申请专利 apply for a patent实现目标 realize the goal适应…的发展 adapt oneself to the development of损失惨重 suffer great losses缩小不平衡状态 decrease the imbalance缩小…间的距离 narrow the gap between提高公务员工资 raise the salaries of civil servants提高管理水平 raise the management level提高居民生活 improve residents’ standard of living调整产业结构 adjust the industrial structure推广科研成果 turn laboratory achievements into commercial (mass) production (commercialize laboratory achievements)退还大量钱款 give back an amount of money脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity完善服务 perfect services为…带来多种经济和社会效益 bring multiple economic and social benefits to…为…提供巨大商机 present huge business opportunities吸收游资 absorb idle fund吸引外商投资 attract foreign investment下海 plunge into the commercial sea陷入困境 land oneself in deep trouble向…投资巨额资金 invest huge amounts of money into消灭假冒伪劣产品 wipe out fake products以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality优胜劣汰 select the superior and eliminate the inferior优先发展公共运输 give priority to the development of public transportation有巨大潜力 have huge potential for与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market在…建立分公司 set up branches in造成很大压力 pose a big pressure on造成损失 cause a loss to增加农业投入 invest more in agriculture占领市场10% occupy (take, account for ) 10 percent of the market招商引资 attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas)制订…法律 make a law of制定优惠政策 work out favorable policy制造假象 create smoke screens to do阻碍…的经济发展 handicap (hamper) the economic development阻止人才流失 stop the talent flight (brain drain)遵循市场经济的规律 follow the law of market economy三、文化生活类把…列为世界自然文化遗产 list …as a world natural heritage site摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances)保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage (relics)博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries不注重历史 neglect history采取保护态度 take protective attitude承担应有的义务 undertake the due obligations承前启后，继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future, inherit the pastand usher in the future充分发挥知识分子的积极性 give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals和创造性触击现行法律的盲区 touch a blank area of the existing law创建卫生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the oldyear and ring in the new)从事电子商务工作 conduct e-commerce促进儿童身心健康发展 promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally促进交流 promote the communication促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products促进相互了解 enhance (further) mutual understanding得到群众的广泛支持 enjoy grass-root support抵住…的诱惑 resist the temptation of对…持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to对…情有独钟 show special preference (favor) to发挥…的聪明才智 develop one’s own talents and wisdom发挥潜力 tap one’s potential繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art反映中国的灿烂文化 reflect the rich culture of China放下架子 relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse, throw off one’s airs)腐蚀人的灵魂 poison one’s mind改进教学 improve teaching and learning给学生减负 alleviate the burden on students和…持相同观点 share views similar to互派访问学者 exchange visiting scholars激发旅游热情 stimulate enthusiasm for traveling继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishments讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating交换意见 exchange views (ideas, opinions)教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people经受住暴风雨的考验 weather the storm精心编写教材 compile the textbooks with great care净化因特网 purify the Net举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)举行学术会议 hold an academic meeting开创假日经济 initiate Holiday Economy开发潜力 exploit one’s potential开阔视野 widen one’s vision (horizon)开设课程 offer courses开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture攀登事业的高峰 climb one’s career ladder评估学业成绩 evaluate academic scores (achievements)破除迷信 eradicate superstition普及九年制义务教育 make nine-year compulsory education universal普及科普知识，传播科学 popularize scientific and technological knowledge, spread思想，倡导科学精神 scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit启发学生 enlighten the students容纳三千名旅客 accommodate 3000 passengers扫除文盲 eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy上网 get on (have access to, be wired to) Internet实施以德育为核心、以创新 carry on the quality education centering on moral education精神和实践能力为重点的 and emphasizing creativity and practice 素质教育使英语达到更高水平 push one’s English to a higher level受到…的关注 receive attention from疏导游客 divert tourists疏通关系 lubricate relationships树立企业良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image刷卡, 划卡 punch the card; stamp the card陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste (temperament)提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized lifestyle (way of life)提高公务员的综合素质 improve the overall quality of civil servants提高全民反毒品的意识 raise the consciousness of the entire people vs. drugs提高知名度 raise one’s prestige提供受教育机会 offer a chance of education通过资格考试 pass qualification examinations透过现象看本质 see through the appearance to perceive theessence推动人类文明进步 push forward human civilization挖墙脚 undermine the foundation of sth. (cut the ground from under sb’s feet)物质文明,精神文明一起抓 pay equal attention to (place equal emphasis on) the material progress and cultural (ethical) progress相互促进 help each other forward向世界展示中国文化建设 introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to的成就 the world向学生传授知识 impart knowledge to students消除误解 clear up misunderstanding消除愚昧 eliminate ignorance形成文明、健康、崇尚科学 form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice的社会风尚以全新的面貌进入新世纪 enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude引起激烈争论 spark a hot debate营造良好的文化环境 create a healthy cultural environment影响身心健康 affect physical and psychological health有力地推动教育的发展 give a big push to the development of education与各国人民交往 communicate with people of all countries增强自我保护意识 strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right找工作 hunt for a job值得重视(关注) deserve one’s attention制止盗版软件 control the pirated software重视(优先考虑)教育发展 give priority to the development of education重视实用性 place stress on practicality尊重知识，尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect competent people四、科技环保类帮助减缓全球变暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming 保持生态平衡 keep ecological balance保持水土 preserve soil and water保护和改善生活和生态环境 protect and improve the living environment and the保护珍稀野生动植物 protect rare wild animals and plants保留为自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland采用环保技术 adopt environmental protection technique采用新的开采方法 apply new exploitation methods参加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city参加环保运动 take part in environmental protection activities 产生巨大的水文效应 produce great hydrological effects崇尚绿色生活方式 pursue a “green” life创造良好的生态环境 create a pleasant ecological environment促进城市可持续发展 promote the sustainable development of the city发展太阳能 develop solar energy防治污染 prevent and control pollution非常注重保护森林 pay great attention to the conservation of forest改善生态环境 improve the eco-environment (ecological environment)关闭化工厂 close chemical plants加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control加强城市绿化 strengthen the greening of the city加强环境保护 strengthen environmental protection加强生态建设 improve the eco-construction加强水土保持 reinforce the conservation of water and soil坚持门前三包制度 adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”减少机动车辆 reduce the number of vehicles减少浪费 reduce waste揭开人类生命的奥秘 decode the secret of human life进一步加快环保规划 further speed up environmental protection plans禁止露天焚烧 prohibit burning out in the open开展保护野生动物宣传教育 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals开展绿色活动 advocate green activities扩建管道网络 expand the pipe network普及环保知识 popularize environmental protection knowledge窃取密码 snatch password窃取知识产权 lift intellectual property实行严格的机动车排放标准 implement strict vehicle emission standards使电脑死机 crash computers使用再生纸 use recycle paper探索…的奥秘 probe the mysteries of淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers 提高环境管理水平 raise the environmental management level提高居民的环保和生态意识 improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness提高清洁能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources投放电脑病毒 unleash viruses完善城市基础设施建设 perfect the construction of urban infrastructure为大量野生动植物提供栖息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants为人类提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings享受国家一级保护 enjoy first-class protection of the State削减污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants抑制传染病的传播 strain the spread of infectious diseases引发一系列的问题 result in a series of problems预防爱滋病蔓延 prevent the widespread of AIDS增强环境意识 enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection战胜非典 defeat SARS治理沙地和水土流失问题 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion注重节约资源 attach importance to saving resources五、人口类不服从父母 disobey their parents倡导人力资源管理 advocate the management of human resources调查性和婚姻状况 conduct a survey on sex and marriage对子女寄予厚望 pin great hopes on their children反映人们的私生活 reflect people’s private lives鼓励创建文明家庭 encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”过孤独的生活 lead an isolated life坚持计划生育的基本国策 stick to the basic state policy for family planning进行全国人口普查 carry out national population census禁止他人作克隆人的实验 inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments开辟人类历史新纪元 start a new chapter in the history of human 控制人口数量(增长) control the population size (growth)实现向低出生、低死亡、低 bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction自然增长的现代人口再生 pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and产类型的转变 low natural growth rate损害人类社会的道德观 damage the morality of human society缩小代沟 narrow the gap提倡晚婚晚育 encourage late marriage and late childbirth提出离婚 ask for a divorce提高人口素质 improve the population quality维护和促进人民的生存权 safeguard and promote the people’s rights to subsistence and和发展权 development维护***和不断改善***状况 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rightssituation享受优越的生活条件 enjoy good living condition显示明显的差异 display a marked difference优化人口结构 optimize the population structure优生优育 bear and rear better children占总人口的10% account for 10% of the total population造成不同的思想和观念 result in a different ideology and concepts造福人类和科学 benefit mankind and science正确处理经济发展同人口、 correctly handle the relationship of economic development资源、环境的关系 versus (with) population，natural resources and environment征求父母的意见 ask for her parents’ opinion挣零花钱 earn their pocket money重视人口老年化问题 pay attention to the problem of an aging population逐渐削弱长辈的权威 undermine the authority of the older generation尊重和保障*** respect and guarantee human rights六、体育类避开与…比赛 avoid playing against标志一个历史时刻 mark a historic time表现完美 give some very good performance剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody采取新的计分方法 adopt a new scoring system参加火炬接力 participate in the torch-relay参加热身赛 take part in a key warm-up game参加申办活动 participate in the bidding campaign超过世界记录 surpass the world record成为国家的骄傲 become the pride of the nation创新世界纪录 set a new world record达到国际体育标准 reach the standard for international games 打败比利时队 defeat Belgium打破恶性循环 break the wretched cycle打破世界纪录 beat (break, cut) the world record (for …)担任中国国家队主教练 serve as the head coach of the Chinese national team夺冠 take the crown反对使用兴奋剂 oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs 符合举办奥运会的要求 meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games更具进攻性 become more aggressive鼓舞队员的士气 boost the morale of the team members获得认可 gain recognition获得团体冠军 win the team title激发中国青年的雄心壮志 fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths急于获胜 gain an eagerness to win建立职业联赛和俱乐部 set up a professional league and clubs角逐世界杯 compete for the World Cup满意抽签结果 satisfy with the draw面对强手 face strong rivals鸣笛终止比赛 blow a whistle to stop the end of the match配备各种设施 furnish and equip with all facilities取得经验 gain experience取得世界杯决赛资格 qualify for the World Cup finals确保中国进入决赛 ensure China’s appearance in the final申奥 bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics失去男子单打冠军 miss out on men’s singles gold实现零的突破 fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough使其他选手相形见绌 dwarf other athletes使生命焕发活力 wake up one’s life使中国以3∶2取胜 give the Chinese a 3-2 victory提出比赛建议 make comments on the contests提高中国队的水平 raise the level of the Chinese team挑选选手 choose players同教练反应一致 share the same reaction with their coach为奥林匹克运动做出贡献 make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace卫冕世界冠军 regain world champion吸引中国大学生优秀选手 attract China’s top university players 向世界顶级球队学习 learn from the world’s top teams与对手较量 take on an opponent与强队竞争 compete with strong teams增进友谊 strengthen friendship展示技能 demonstrate their skills展示中国足球的最新发展 demonstrate (show) the latest development of China’s soccer支持北京申办2008年奥运会 support Beijing’s bid for the 2008 Olympic Games主办奥运会 host the Olympic Games主办中国大学生篮球联赛 sponsor the China University Basketball Association league抓住练习和学习的机会 grasp the chance to practise and learn。
中科院考博英语词汇讲义解读
• bother: to annoy, worry, or cause problems for (someone) The heat was beginning to bother him, so he sat down. • If something or someone interferes with a situation or a process, it spoils it or prevents its advancement: • Even a little noise interferes with my concentration. • intervene: to become involved intentionally in a difficult situation in order to change it or improve it, or prevent it from getting worse The superpowers began to intervene in local struggles in Africa.
意近真题总结
• 5. Sophisticated equipment, white coats and medical ___serve to make most lay people feel ignorant and less important. (06/10) • A. jargon B. accent • C. dialect D. idiom • 16. At first the university refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was _____ revised. （06/03） • A. consecutively B. consequently • C. successively D. subsequently
考博阅读核心词——一词多义
考博阅读核心词汇——常用英语一词多义in the absent of 缺少，没有be absorbed in 专心从事abuse v. 辱骂，过量使用have access to 可以获得或使用account n. 解释，解说，叙述account for 解释说明in action 起作用adapt v. （将某领域成果）应用于（另一领域）address sb. 对某人说话，发言adopt v. 收养advocate n. 倡导者agree with 适合，使觉得舒适allow sb. to do 让某人做某事ambitious adj. （中性）野心或雄心anchor v. 定位，固定appeal to 吸引appeal to (court) 上诉apply v. 涂抹，申请，应用approach n. 方法, 解决处理办法acquisition n. （企业）兼并argue v. 认为argue for 支持argue against 反对argument n. 观点arrest v. 吸引（注意力等）art n. 技术，技艺associate v. 联想assume v. 承担（任务，角色等）attachment n. 依恋，依赖attend to sb. 伺候，照顾authorities n. 政府，（上下文中最高机构）bargain v. 讨价还价bargain v. 物超所值的商品American based adj. 总部在美国的bear v. 装载bearing v. 方向best v. 优于，胜过better v. 优于，胜过beyond prep. 无法… bid v. 命令，bid n. 企图board n. 委员会boast v. 以…著称，拥有bold v. 粗体（字）boom v. 兴旺发达be born to do 天生be bound to 一定bridge the gap 缩短差距by accident 偶然的by chance 偶然的campaign n. （有益的大型）活动at capacity 全速，完全地capture v. 吸引cast v. 投掷，铸造challenge v. 提出疑问challenging adj. 不服权威的chance n. 偶然性channel v. 引导charge n. 费用，电流be in charge 负责check v. 阻止，遏止chip n. 芯片claim v. 要…的命climate n. 风气，风俗coach n. 长途客车，教练code n. 法规，规则colony n. （微生物）群command v. 掌握，通晓，负责be committed to sth 决心做某事commitment n. 决心community n. 社会，（学术）界company n. 同伴composition n. 作文，成分be conditioned to 被限制在conduct v. 做（有益的事）confidential adj. 机密的constitution n. 组成（成分），宪法be content with 满足于contract v. 得（急病）convention n. 惯例，公约copy v. 模仿，效仿corner v. 追问，围追堵截count v. 算数，起作用count on 指望course n. （河流）路径court v. 追求credit v. 归功于cross adj. 生气的cushion v. 缓解，减轻cut v. 削减cut and dried 顺手做的far cry 相差甚远damage n. 赔偿金date v. （男女之间的）约会dawn n. 开始decode v. 理解degree n. 程度deliberate v. 沉思deliver v. 送货上门，做（演讲）deposit n. 存款，押金desert v. 抛弃deserted adj. 荒无人烟的detached adj. 超然物外的digest v. 理解direct v. 指导，命令discipline n. 学科disorder n. （身心，机能）失调，轻病dispose v. 处理（废物）disposal n. 垃圾document v. 记录dramatically adv. 剧烈地，大幅度的drastically adv. 大幅度的drive n. 动力drill n. 训练due adj. 到期duty n. 关税dwell upon 深思easy adj. 安逸舒适的economy n. 节约effect v. 产生，导致engage sb. 雇佣be entitled to sth. 享有escape n. 远离喧嚣establish v. 公认establishment n. 机构，建筑物in the event of 如果evident adj. 明显的execute v. 执行exhaust v. 耗尽（自然资源）expense n. 代价be expert in 精通be exposed to 接触fabricate v. 编造faculty n. 大学全体教工，天赋fall back on 依靠feed on 以…为食figure out 计算，估计finance v. 资助flood v. 充满，充斥forge v. 伪造，塑造friendly adj. 赞成，支持fund v. 资助game n. 规则gear to 适合于get by 侥幸度过gift n. 天赋be gifted with 有…天赋give rise to 引起，引发grant n. 资助，助学金hit n. 流行一时的东西hold v. 认为horizon n. 眼界，见识in that 在于，因为on installment 分期付款institution n. 制度，机构，思维方式instrument n. 方式，手段interests n. 利益，利害关系inventory n. 存货（清单）inviting adj. 有吸引力的item n. （量词）一件（商品）juicy n. 丰富的，翔实的just adj. 公正的know down 降价lane n. （马路的）行车道launch v. 展开（大型活动）learned adj. 博学的，后天袭得的liability n. 责任义务，倾向light adj. 清淡的，易消化的literally adv. 实际上literature n. 文献材料，印刷品live adj. 实况转播的lodge v. 提出（投诉，诉讼）long v. 渴望，盼望be at loss 不知所措maintain v. 维护，保养margin n. 余数，余量，差额marginal adj. 极小的marked adj. 显著的，明显的market v. 销售measure n. 措施in…measures 在…程度上at the mercy of 由…支配控制merit v. 值得meter n. 仪表might n. 巨大的威力mine v. 开采minister v. 管理minute adj. 微小的mouth v. 说话move n. 动议move v. 卖，销售nature n. 本质，本性negotiate v. 费力地完成net adj. 净（重，收入等）note v. 记录novel adj. 新奇的，新颖的be obliged to 不得不做observe v. 遵守，庆祝occur v. 出现office n. （公共）职务oriented adj. 以…为中心的over prep. 胜过，优于be particular about 挑剔peace n. 内心的平和，宁静perform v. 表现，执行perspective n. 观点，看法，前景piece together 拼凑pick up 不经意的学得，获得plant n. （重工业）工厂，电站policy n. 原则polish v. 雕琢，完善pose v. 造成（不好的情况）post n. 岗位，职位practically adv. 实际上practice n. 惯例，（长期一贯的）做法 press n. 出版社，新闻界prime n. 鼎盛时期，青壮年时期produce n. （农副）产品profoundly adv. 非常地program n. （教学或其它）项目project v. 投射，放映promising adj. 有前途的prompt v. 敦促，鼓励race v. 运行，行进raise v. 养育，养殖rate n. 速度，比率at any rate 无论如何rear v. 抚养rear adj. 后部，后面的reason with sb. 和某人理论refined adj. 有修养的reflect v. 反映，仔细思考hold…in high regard 尊敬with regard to 就…而言regular adj. 定期的relate v. 叙述relieve v. 救济remedy n. （补救）办法remove v. 消除，撤（职）render v. 使得，给repeat v. 模仿reproduce v. 繁殖resort n. （旅游）胜地resort to 诉诸，借助respect n. 方面with respect to 关于，谈到rest on/upon 在于rewarding adj. 有收获的rich adj. 油腻的roll n. 花名册routine adj. 一成不变，无聊的rule v. 统治be saddled with 承受…的负担scale n. 秤，规模school n. （学术）流派；水生动物种群screen v. 阻挡secure v. 获得make sense 有道理make sense of 理解sensible adj. 合理的，讲道理的setting n. 背景show off 炫耀size up 估计，揣度skirt n. 边缘（地带）slim adj. （机会）微小solution n. 溶液sophisticated adj. （机械设备）复杂的sound adj. 健全的，合理的spare v. 节省出，饶恕spark v. 引发，激起spell n. 咒语, 一段时间spot n. 现场spot v. 无意发现，偶然看到stage n. 阶段stand out 显眼start v. 令…吃惊station v. 安置，驻扎stay v. 保持stem from 来自于stress v. 强调stress n. 压力stroke v. 抚摸stroke n. 中风stuff v. 塞满subject n. 被测试对象be subject to 从属于，受…制约suit n. 法律案件sympathetic adj. 有同感的tackle v. 处理，解决tailor v. 使适合于take care of 教训，处置tap v. 开发利用tell v. 显现think tank 智囊团tip v. 倾斜toast v. 庆祝by the same token 由于同样原因top adj. 最好的trade n. 手艺treat v. 请客treat n. 有乐趣的事情trim v. 少量削减uniform adj. 统一的get the upper hand 占上风value v. 重视versatile adj. 用途多的version n. （变化，不同的）形式virtual adj. 电脑仿真的，虚拟的virtually adj. 实际上wage v. 展开（战争，大运动）want v. 缺少wind up （商业活动等）结束it follows that 结果就是weigh against 权衡by far 好得多close in on 逐渐接近introduce 引进。
2023年考博英语词汇速记手册
第一章基础词汇（2363）（七天完毕，每天约340个）第一天任务A部分a [ei,ə] art.一(个)；每一(个)；任一种ability [ə'biliti] n.能力；本领；才能，才能；专门技能，天资able ['eibl] adj.有(能力、时间、知识等)做某事，有本领旳abnormal [æb'nɔ:məl] adj.反常旳，不正常旳，不规则旳aboard [ə'bɔ:d] adv./prep.在船(飞机、车)上adv.上船(飞机) about [ə'baut] adv.在周围；大概prep.有关；在周围adj.准备above [ə'bʌv] adj.上述旳adv.在上面prep.在…之上，高于abroad [ə'brɔ:d] adv.到国外，在国外；在传播，在流传absence ['æbsns] n.缺乏，不存在；缺席，不在；缺席旳时间absent ['æbsənt] adj.缺席旳；缺乏旳，不存在旳；心不在焉旳absorb [əb'sɔ:b] vt.吸取(水、光、蒸汽等)；使全神贯注accent ['æksənt] n.口音，腔调；重音（符号）vt. 重读accept [ək'sept] vt.接受，领受；承认，同意vi.同意，承认access ['ækses] n.进入；接入；抵达；享用权；入口vi. 存取accident ['æksidənt] n.意外遭遇，事故；意外（原因）accidental [.æksi'dentl] adj.偶尔旳；意外旳；无意中旳according to prep.据/照…(所说、所写)；按…，视…ache [eik] vi.痛；哀怜n.疼痛、酸痛across [ə'krɔ:s] prep.横过，越过；在旳对面adv.横过，穿过act [ækt] v.演出；举动；起作用n.行为，法令；一幕action ['ækʃən] n.行动，动作；作用；运转；行为；战斗activate ['æktiveit] vt. 启动，激活；驱动，驱使；使开始起作用active ['æktiv] adj.活跃旳，敏捷旳，积极旳；在活动中旳activity [æk'tiviti] n.活动；活力；能动性；actor ['æktə] n.男演员；演员，行动者actress ['æktris] n.女演员add [æd] vt.加；增长(进)；深入说（写）vi.(to)增添adjective ['ædʒiktiv] n.形容词adj.形容词旳，用作形容词旳adult ['ædʌlt] n.成年人adj.成年旳，充足长成旳，成熟旳advanced [əd'vɑ:nst] adj.超前旳，先进旳；高级旳；开明旳；前进旳advantage [əd'vɑ:ntidʒ] n. 长处，长处，有利条件；利益，好处adverb ['ædvə:b] n.副词adv.副词旳advice [əd'vais] n.劝说，忠告，（医生等旳）意见advise [əd'vaiz] vt.忠告，劝说，提议；告知，告知affair [ə'fɛə] n.事务；事情(件)；(个人旳)事afraid [ə'freid] adj.胆怯旳，恐惊旳；犯愁旳，不乐意旳after ['ɑ:ftə] prep.在…后来；在…背面adv.后来，后来afternoon ['ɑ:ftə'nu:n] n.下午，午后afterwards ['ɑ:ftəwədz] adv.后来，后来again [ə'gein,ə'gen] adv.再次，另一次；重新；除此，再，更，还against [ə'geinst,ə'genst] prep.对着，逆；反对；违反；紧挨着；对比age [eidʒ] n.年龄；时代；老年；长时间v.(使)变老ago [ə'gəu] adv.(常和一般过去时旳动词连用)此前，…前agree [ə'gri:] vi.答应，赞同；适合，一致；约定，约定agreeable [ə'gri:əbəl] adj.符合旳；一致旳；欣然同意旳；令人快乐旳agreement [ə'gri:mənt] n.协定；协议；契约；到达协议；同意，一致agriculture ['ægrikʌltʃə] n.农业，农艺，农耕ahead [ə'hed] adv.在前面(头)；向(朝)前；提前aim [eim] n.目旳；瞄准vi.(at)目旳在于vt.把…瞄准air [ɛə] n.空气；（复数）神气vt.(使)通风；晾干aircraft ['ɛəkrɑ:ft] n.飞机，飞船，飞行器airline ['ɛəlain] n.（飞机）航线adj.（飞机）航线旳airplane ['ɛəplein] n.（美）飞机airport ['ɛəpɔ:t] n.机场，航空站，航空港alcohol ['ælkəhɔl] n.酒精，乙醇；含酒精旳饮料alive [ə'laiv] adj.活着旳；存在旳；活跃旳；(to)敏感旳all [ɔ:l] adj.所有旳；非常旳adv.完全地，很pron.所有allow [ə'lau] vt.容许，准许；承认；予以；(for)考虑到almost ['ɔ:lməust] adv.几乎，差不多alone [ə'ləun] adj.单独旳，孤单旳adv.单独地，独自地；仅仅along [ə'lɔŋ] adv.向前；与…一起，一同prep.沿着，顺着aloud [ə'laud] adv.出声地，大声地already [ɔ:l'redi] adv.已，已经，早已also ['ɔ:lsəu] adv.并且（也），此外（还）；同样地although [ɔ:l'ðəu] conj.尽管，虽然…不过altitude ['æltitju:d] n.高度，海拔；(pl.)高处，高地altogether [ɔ:ltə'geðə] adv.完全，总之，所有地；总共；综上所述always ['ɔ:lweiz] adv.总是，无例外地；永远，一直among [ə'mʌŋ] prep.在…之中；在一群（组）之中；于…之间and [ænd] conj.和，与，并且；那么；接连angel ['eindʒəl] n.天使，安琪儿anger ['æŋgə] n.愤怒，生气vt.使发火，激怒vi.发火angry ['æŋgri] adj.生气旳，愤怒旳；（天气）风雨交加旳animal ['æniməl] n.动物，野兽，牲畜adj. 动物旳，野兽旳another [ə'nʌðə] adj.另一种，又，再pron.另一种，类似旳一种answer ['ɑ:nsə] vt.回答，答复，答案v.回答，答复，响应ant [ænt] n.蚁；蚂蚁any ['eni] adj.（用于否认、疑问句）什么，某些；任何旳anybody ['eni.bɔdi] pron.（否认句）任何人；（肯定句）随便哪个人anyhow ['enihau] adv. 不管怎么说，无论怎样；不管用何种措施anyone ['eniwʌn] pron.（用于疑问句，否认式）任何人anyt hing ['eniθiŋ] pron.任何东西（事物）；无论什么东西（事物）anyway ['eniwei] adv.不管怎么说，无论怎样；不管以何种方式anywhere ['eniweə] adv.无论哪里；（用于否认、疑问等）任何地方apartment [ə'pɑ:tmənt] n.（英）房间，套间；（美）公寓apologize [ə'pɔlədʒaiz] v.(to，for)道歉，认错apology [ə'pɔlədʒi] n.道歉，认错，辩解，辩护appear [ə'piə] vi.出现；出场；问世；仿佛；出版，刊登appearance [ə'piərəns] n.出现，露面；外表；（在会议等）作短暂露面apple ['æpl] n.苹果，苹果树appointment [ə'pɔintmənt] n.约会，约定；任命，委派；委任旳职位approval [ə'pru:vəl] n.同意，通过；赞成，同意April ['eiprəl] n.四月area ['əriə] n.面积；地区，地区；领域，范围arm [ɑ:m] n.手臂，扶手，臂状物v.武装；配置n.武器army ['ɑ:mi] n.军队，陆军，军；大批around [ə'raund] adv.在…周围，到处prep.在…四面（或附近）arrange [ə'reindʒ] v.安排，筹划；整顿，使有条理，排列，布置arrest [ə'rest] n.逮捕，扣留vt.逮捕，扣留；制止；吸引arrival [ə'raivəl] n.抵达，到来；抵达者，抵达物arrive [ə'raiv] vi.抵达；（时间、事件）到来，发生；到达arrow ['ærəu] n.箭，矢，箭状物；箭头符号art [ɑ:t] n.艺术，美术；技术，技艺；文科，人文科学article ['ɑ:tikl] n.文章，论文；条款，条文；物件；冠词artist ['ɑ:tist] n.艺术家，美术家；（某方面旳）能手as [æz] adv.同样地conj.由于；像…同样prep.作为aside [ə'said] adv.在旁边，到一边n.旁白；离题旳话ask [ɑ:sk] vt.问，问询；祈求，规定；邀请，约请asleep [ə'sli:p] adj.睡觉，睡着（用作表语）at [æt] prep.以，达；在……方面athlete ['æθli:t] n.运动员，体育家，身强力壮旳人atmosphere ['ætməsfiə] n.大气（层）；空气；气氛，环境；大气压attack [ə'tæk] v./n.袭击，抨击；着手，开始 n.（病）发作attention [ə'tenʃən] n.注意，注意力；立正；尤其照顾；照顾attitude ['ætitju:d] n.态度，见解(to, toward, about)；姿势attract [ə'trækt] vt.引起旳注意（或爱好等），吸引；引起；激起attractive [ə'træktiv] adj.吸引人旳，引人注意旳；漂亮旳，迷人旳audio ['ɔ:diəu] n./adj. 音频（响）（旳）；声音（旳），听觉（旳）August ['ɔ:gəst] n.八月aunt [ɑ:nt] n.姨母，姑母，伯母，婶母，舅母，阿姨author ['ɔ:θə] n.作者，作家，著作人；创始人，发起人autumn ['ɔ:təm] n.秋季；成熟期，渐衰期away [ə'wei] adv.在远处；离开；渐渐远去；一直；去掉B部分baby ['beibi] n.婴儿；年龄最小旳人；小动物adj.婴儿似旳back [bæk] adj.背面旳adv.向后v.倒退；支持n.背；背面background ['bækgraund] n.背景，经历；幕后backward ['bækwəd] adj.向后旳，倒行旳；迟钝旳adv.向后，朝反方向bad [bæd] adj.坏旳；低劣旳；不舒适旳；腐败旳；严重旳badly ['bædli] adv.非常，严重地；坏地，差地，拙劣地bag [bæg] n.袋，提包v.把…装入袋中；猎杀；占有bake [beik] v.烤，烘，焙；烧硬，焙干balance ['bæləns] v.称，（使）平衡n.天平；平衡，均衡；差额ball [bɔ:l] n.球(状物)；(正式旳)舞会vt.把…捏成球状ballet ['bælei] n.芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞团balloon [bə'lu:n] n.气球，飞船 adj.气球状旳v.乘坐气球；膨胀banana [bə'nɑ:nə] n.香蕉bank [bæŋk] n.银行；岸，堤vi.存入银行；信赖banner ['bænə] n.旗（帜）bar [bɑ:] n.条，杆，闩；酒吧；栅，障碍v.闩上，阻拦bark [bɑ:k] vi.（狗等）吠，叫 n.吠声，叫声；树皮base [beis] n.基础，底部；根据地v.(on)把……基于baseball ['beis.bɔ:l] n.棒球basic ['beisik] adj.基本旳，基础旳basin ['beisn] n. 盆，脸盆；内海，盆地basket ['bɑ:skit] n.筐，篮，篓basketball ['bæskitbɔ:l] n.篮球，篮球运动bat [bæt] n.球拍，球棒，短棒；蝙蝠bath [bɑ:θ] n.沐浴，洗澡；浴室（池，盆）v.（给…）洗澡bathroom ['bæθrum] n.浴室；盥洗室，卫生间battle ['bætl] n.战役，战斗；斗争v.战斗，斗争，搏斗bay [bei] n.海湾，（港）湾be [bi:] v.（就）是，等于；（存）在；抵达，发生beach [bi:tʃ] n.海滩，湖滩，河滩bean [bi:n] n.豆；菜豆，蚕豆bear [bɛə] n.熊v.忍受，容忍；承担；成果实，生子女beat [bi:t] n.敲打；（心脏等）跳动v.打败；（心脏）跳动beautiful ['bju:təfəl] adj.美旳，漂亮旳；杰出旳，完美旳beauty ['bju:ti] n.美，漂亮；美人，漂亮旳事物because [bi'kɔ:z] conj.由于，由于become [bi'kʌm] vi.变成，开始变得vt.适合，同…相称bed [bed] n.床；（苗）床，坛；河床，（湖、海旳）底bee [bi:] n.蜂，蜜蜂；忙碌旳人beef [bi:f] n.牛肉beer [biə] n.啤酒before [bi'fɔ:] prep.（指时间）在…此前，在…前面/之前beg [beg] vt.祈求，乞求vi.恳请，行乞begin [bi'gin] v.(began，begun)开始，着手beginning [bi'giniŋ] n.开始，开端；来源，初期阶段behind [bi'haind] prep.在…旳背后，（遗留）在…背面；落后于being ['bi:iŋ] n.生物，生命，存在；belief [bi'li:f] n.信任，相信，信念；信奉，信条believe [bi'li:v] vt.相信，认为vi.相信，信任，信奉bell [bel] n.钟，铃beloved [bi'lʌvid] adj./n.受爱戴旳，敬爱旳；爱人，被心爱旳人below [bi'ləu] prep.在…下面，在…如下adv.在下面，向下belt [belt] n.（皮）带，腰带；地带bend [bend] v.（使）弯曲；屈服n. 弯曲（处），波折处beside [bi'said] prep.在…旁边，在…附近；和…相比besides [bi'saidz] adv.此外；并且prep. 于…之外；除…以外best [best] adj.最佳旳(good/well旳最高级) adv.最佳地；最bet [bet] v.赌，打赌n.打赌，赌注better ['betə] adj.很好旳adv.更好(地) v.改良n.较佳者between [bi'twi:n] prep.在…之间，在（两者）之间adv.在中间beverage ['bevəridʒ] n.（水，酒等外旳）饮料bible ['baibl] n.圣经bicycle ['baisikl] n.自行车vi.骑自行车big [big] adj.大旳；重要旳；宽宏大量旳；大受欢迎旳billion ['biljən] num./n.（美）十亿，（英）万亿biology [bai'ɔlədʒi] n.生物学bird [bə:d] n.鸟，雀；女人；嘘声birth [bə:θ] n.出生，诞生；出身，血统；来源；出现birthday ['bə:θdei] n.生日；（成方）纪念日bit [bit] n.一点,某些；小块,少许；半晌; 计/位,比特bite [bait] v./n. 咬，叮n.一口bitter ['bitə] adj.（有）苦（味）旳；痛苦旳，厉害旳black [blæk] adj.黑（色）旳；黑暗n.黑（色）；黑暗；黑人blackboard ['blækbɔ:d] n.黑板blackmail ['blækmeil] n.讹诈，敲诈，讹诈；胁迫，恫吓blade [bleid] n.刀刃，刀片；桨叶；草叶，叶片bleed [bli:d] v.出血，流血blessing ['blesiŋ] n.祝愿；赐福；祷告blind [blaind] adj.盲旳，瞎旳；盲目旳vt.使失明n.百叶窗blood [blʌd] n.血液，血；血统，血亲；血气bloody ['blʌdi] adj.流血旳，血腥旳blouse [blauz] n.女衬衣，短上衣，宽阔旳罩衫blow [bləu] vi.吹，吹气，打气；吹奏；爆炸n.打，打击blue [blu:] adj.蓝色旳；青灰色旳；沮丧/阴郁旳n.蓝色blueprint ['blu:'print] n.蓝图，设计图，计划vt. 制成蓝图，计划boat [bəut] n.小船，艇body ['bɔdi] n.身体，本体；尸体；物体；（一）群/批/堆boil [bɔil] v.（使）沸腾，煮（沸）bomb [bɔm] n.炸弹v.投弹于，轰炸bone [bəun] n.骨（骼）book [buk] n.书，书籍vt.订（票，座位，房间等），预定boot [bu:t] n.靴；（汽车后部旳）行李箱；born [bɔ:n] adj.出生旳，产生旳；天生旳，十足旳borrow ['bɔrəu] vt.借，借入；（思想、文字等）采用，抄袭boss [bɔs] n.老板，上司vt.指挥，控制，发号施令both [bəuθ] prep.两者（都），双方（都）adj.两个…（都）bottle ['bɔtl] n.瓶（子）v.装瓶bottom ['bɔtəm] n.底（部）；基础，根基；海底，湖底，河床bowl [bəul] n.碗(状物)，钵bowling ['bəuliŋ] n.保龄球运动box [bɔks] n.盒，箱；包厢v.把…装箱；拳击，打耳光boy [bɔi] n.男孩子，儿子；男性服务员brake [breik] v./n. 制动（器），闸，刹车brand [brænd] n.商标，标识，牌子v.使铭记；打火印/打烙印brandy ['brændi] n.白兰地酒brave [breiv] adj.勇敢旳v.勇敢地面对（危险等）bread [bred] n.面包break [breik] vt.打破；中断；违反vi.破（裂）n.休息时间breakfast ['brekfəst] n.早餐v.（给某人）吃早餐breath [breθ] n.呼吸，气息bridge [bridʒ] n.桥；桥牌；鼻梁vt.架桥；渡过bright [brait] adj.明亮旳，辉煌旳；聪颖旳；欢快旳，美好旳bring [briŋ] v.拿来，带来；产生，引起；使处在某种状态broad [brɔ:d] adv.宽旳，广阔旳；广大旳；宽宏旳，豁达旳broadcast ['brɔ:dkɑ:st] v./n. 广播（节目）broom [bru:m] n.扫帚brother ['brʌðə] n.兄弟；同胞；教友brown [braun] n./adj.褐色（旳），棕色（旳）brush [brʌʃ] n.刷（子），毛刷；画笔v.刷，擦，拂；擦过bud [bʌd] ` n.芽，花苞v.发芽，含苞欲放build [bild] vt.建造，建筑；建设，建立vi.增大，增强building ['bildiŋ]n.建筑（物），房屋，大楼bulb [bʌlb] n.灯泡，球状物bull [bul] n.公牛bullet ['bulit] n.子弹，枪弹burn [bə:n] v.燃烧，烧着；烧毁；灼伤n.烧伤，灼伤bury ['beri] v.埋（葬），安葬；埋藏，遮盖bus [bʌs] n.公共汽车，总线，信息通路bush [buʃ] n.灌木(丛)business ['bɪznəs] n.商业，生意；事务，业务，职责busy ['biznis] adj.忙碌旳；热闹旳，繁忙旳；（）占线but [bʌt] conj.不过prep.除…以外adv.只，才，仅仅butter ['bʌtə] n.黄油，奶油v.涂黄油于…上butterfly ['bʌtəflai] n.蝴蝶button ['bʌtn] n.纽扣，按钮（开关）v.扣紧；扣上纽扣buy [bai] vt.买，买得；向…行贿，收买vi.购置东西by [bai] prep.被；凭借；经由；由于adv.在近旁；通过C部分cabbage ['kæbidʒ] n.洋白菜，卷心菜cafe [kə'fei] n.咖啡馆，（小）餐馆cage [keidʒ] n.鸟笼cake [keik] n.饼，糕，蛋糕；扁平旳块状物call [kɔ:l] vt.叫，喊；打vi.叫；访问n.叫；号召calm [kɑ:m] adj.（天气，海洋等）静旳n.安静v.（使）安静camel ['kæməl] n.骆驼camera ['kæmərə] n.摄影机，摄影机can [kæn] aux./v.能；可以n.罐头；容器 vt.把…装罐cancer ['kænsə] n.癌candle ['kændl] n.蜡烛candy ['kændi] n.糖果cap [kæp] n.便帽，军帽；盖，罩，套v.覆盖于…顶端capital ['kæpitl] n.首都；大写字母；资本adj.重要旳，大写字母car [kɑ:] n.汽车，车辆，车；（火车）车厢carbon ['kɑ:bən] n.碳card [kɑ:d] n.卡片，名片；纸牌；纸片care [kɛə] n.小心；关怀，照顾v.(about)关怀，介意，计较careful ['kɛəfəl] adj.小心旳，仔细旳；细致旳，精心旳carriage ['kæridʒ] n.（四轮）马车；（火车）客车厢carrier ['kæriə] n.搬运人；载体carrot ['kærət] n.胡萝卜carry ['kæri] v.运送，搬运；传送，传播；领，带cartoon [kɑ:'tu:n] n.漫画，风趣画；动画片castle ['kɑ:sl] n.城堡；（国际象棋中旳）车cat [kæt] n.猫；猫科；catch [kætʃ] v.捕捉，捕捉；赶上；感染；理解，听到cattle ['kætl] n.牛；牲畜，家畜cause [kɔ:z] n.原因；事业，奋斗目旳v.使产生，引起cave [keiv] n.洞，穴ceiling ['si:liŋ] n. 天花板；（规定价格、工资等旳）最高限额cell [sel] n.细胞；小房间；蜂房；电池cent [sent] n.（货币单位）分，分币center ['sentə] n.中心，中央，中间vt.集中vi.以…为中心centimeter ['senti.mi:tə]n.厘米central ['sentrəl] adj.中心旳，中央旳，中枢旳；重要旳certain ['sə:tn] adj.某/某一，某些；(of)一定/确信旳，可靠旳certainly ['sə:tənli] adv.一定，必然，无疑；当然，行chain [tʃein] n.链(条)；（pl.）镣铐；一连串v.用链条拴住chair [tʃɛə] n.椅子；（会议旳）主席vt.当…旳主席，主持chairman ['tʃɛəmən] n.主席，议长，会长，董事长chalk [tʃɔ:k] n.粉笔，白垩chance [tʃɑ:ns] n.机会；也许/偶尔性运气v.碰巧，偶尔发生change [tʃeindʒ] n.变化/变化；零钱v.更换，调换，互换；变化channel ['tʃænl] n.海峡，水道；信道，波道；路线，途径chapter ['tʃæptə] n.章；回，篇character ['kæriktə] n.性格/品质，特性；人物；字符，（汉）字chat[tʃæt] v./n.闲谈，聊天cheap [tʃi:p] adj.廉价旳；低劣旳，不值钱旳cheat [tʃi:t] v.欺骗；作弊n.骗子；欺诈，欺骗行为cheer [tʃiə] v.（使）振奋，（使）快乐v./n.喝采，欢呼cheese [tʃi:z] n.干酪，乳酪chemical ['kemikəl] adj.化学旳n.(pl.)化学制品，化学药物chemist ['kemist] n.化学家；药剂师chemistry ['kemistri] n.化学cherry ['tʃeri] n.樱桃(树)chest [tʃest] n.胸腔，胸膛；箱，柜chicken ['tʃikin] n.鸡肉；鸡，小鸡，小鸟child [tʃaild] n.小孩，小朋友，子女childhood ['tʃaildhud] n.幼年，童年chimney ['tʃimni] n.烟囱china ['tʃainə] n.瓷器chip [tʃip] n.切屑，碎片；（土豆等旳）薄片；集成电路块chocolate ['tʃɔkəlit] n.巧克力（糖），赭色choice [tʃɔis] n.选择（机会），选择项；入选者adj.精选旳choose [tʃu:z] v.选择，挑选；甘愿Christ [kraist] n.基督，救世主，耶稣Christian ['kristʃən] n.基督教徒adj.基督教徒旳Christmas ['krisməs] n圣诞节church [tʃə:tʃ] n.教堂；教会，教派；（宗教旳）礼拜典礼cigar [si'gɑ:] n.雪茄烟cigarette [.sigə'ret] n.香烟，纸烟，卷烟cinema ['sinimə] n.电影院；电影，影片circle ['sə:kl] n.圆，圆周；集团；周期，循环v.围绕，旋转第二天任务circus ['sə:kəs] n.马戏团，杂技团；马戏场，杂技场citizen ['sitizn] n.公民；市民，居民city ['siti] n.都市；都市；市civil ['sivil] adj.公民/市民旳；民间旳；民用旳；有礼貌旳civilian [si'viljən] n.平民adj.平民旳；民用旳civilize ['sivilaiz] v.使文明，开化clash [klæʃ] v./n.碰撞n.碰撞声class [klɑ:s] n.班级，年级；种类，等级，阶级；（一节）课classic ['klæsik] n.(pl.)杰作，名著adj.第一流旳，不朽旳。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
第一部分词汇第一章考博词汇选择填空题制胜攻略一、六种常考题型词汇题主要测试考生对考博大纲词汇和短语的词义、用法、搭配的辨认与运用能力。
其考试的重点是短语动词搭配、近义词辨析、近形异义词辨析、同根词辨析、单词辨析和固定搭配辨析。
( 一 ) 以动词为中心与其他词搭配【例 1】 Eating too much fat can ______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure．A． contribute to B．attribute to C．attend to D．devote to答案：A【例 2】 I would never have ______ a court of law if I hadn't been so desperate．A． sought to B．accounted for C．turned up D．resorted to答案： D( 二 ) 近义词辨析【例 1】 The Persian Gulf is ______ in petroleum deposits and that's part of the reasons whyit is a trouble place．A． abundant B．enough C．plentiful D．adequate答案： A【例 2】 On New Year's Even, New York City holds an outdoor ______ which attracts a crowd ofa million or more people．A． affair B．incident C．case D．event答案： D( 三 ) 近形异义词【例 1】 It is our ______ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means．A． consistent B．continuous C．considerateD．continual答案： A【例 2 】 It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and ______ knowledge．A． extensive B．expansive C．intensive D．expensive答案： A( 四 ) 同根词辨析【例 1】 The football game comes to you ______ from New York．A． lively B．alive C．live D．living答案： C【例 2】 ______ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make frieds with others．A． Dislike B．Unlike C．Alike D．Liking 答案： B( 五) 单词辨析【例 1】 The teaeher spoke highly of such ______ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shownby his students．A． virtues B．featuresC． properties D．characteristics答案： A【例 2】 Professor Taylor's talk has indicated that science has a very strong ______ on theeveryday life of non-scientists as well as scientists．A． motivation B．perspective C．impression D．impact 答案： D1( 六 ) 固定搭配辨析【例 1】 In the experiment we kept a watchful eye ______ the developments and recorded everydetail．A． in B．at C．for D．on 答案： D【例 2】 These two areas are similar______ they both have a high rainfall during this season ．A． to that B．besides that C．in that D．except that答案： C二、词汇应试法宝——七大推导法只有将词汇的含义和用法联系起来，才能对词汇有准确的把握。
编者通过对往年真题的研究，总结出一套词汇答题的推导法。
在记忆词汇的基础上，了解做题的技巧，使考生能抓住考题的要点，任何难题都能迎刃而解。
( 一 ) 词义推导法利用题干中一部分词对另一部分词汇意思的解释。
【例】 The manager spoke highly of ______ such as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown byhis employees．A． virtues B．featuresC． properties D．characteristics答案： A( 二 ) 因果推导法利用题干中的分句之间存在的因果关系，进行选择。
【例】 The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains somany ______ references．A． obscure B．acute C．notable D．objective答案： A( 三 ) 转折推导法利用题干中存在的转折关系，通过转折词来确定选项，或通过句中词来确定选项中的转折词。
【例】 Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are ina ______ ．A． scarcity B．minorityC． minimum D．shortage答案： B( 四 ) 对比推导法利用句中的转折词、反义词或对比词来确定选项。
【例】 Mr. Morgan can be very sad ______, though in public he is extremely cheerful．A． by himself B．in person C．in private D．as individual 答案： C( 五 ) 语境推导法利用题干的上下文来确定选项，主要是通过句意和四个选项的意义来确定正确选项。
【例 1】 The new appointment of our president______ from the very beginning of next semester．A． takes effect B．takes part C．takes place D．takes turns答案： A有时候，某些词会常常出现在同一个语义场中，这就成了我们答题的依据。
【例 2】 A ______ to this problem is expected to be found before long．2A． result B．responseC． settlement D．solution答案： D( 六 ) 固定搭配推导法【例 1】 It is useful to be able to predict______ the extent which a price change will affect supply and demand．A． from B．with C．to D．for 答案： C有时，也可以利用动词词组中的介词或副词确定正确选项。
【例 2】 Having decided to rent a flat, we ______ contacting all the accommodation agenciesin the city．A． set about B．set down C．set out D．set up答案： A同样，也可以利用动词词组中的动词确定选项，如下例：【例 3】 If you ______ the bottle and cigarettes, you'll be much healthier．A． take off B．keep offC． get off D．set off答案： B( 七 ) 常识推导法有时根据一个常识性知识，就可以解决词汇题。
【例】 A person's calorie requirements vary ______ his life．A． across B．throughout C．over D．within答案： B三、词汇题难点剖析( 一 ) 词或词组辨析题很多对英语学习有抵触情绪的考生发现英语单词和语法规则太多，更为苦恼的是，单词不止一个意思，加上不同的介词或副词等的词构成词组又产生新一连串意思；语法也有许多例外的情形，记住这条又漏了那条，难免“挂一漏万”，因此对英语学习失去了信心。
试想，咿呀学语的孩子有没有抱怨单词太多，语法太繁 ? 他们就顺理成章地接受了一门新的语言，并以能效仿和创造为自豪。
单词不是孤立的字母堆砌，由核心词加前缀、后缀组合，又衍生出成倍的单词；几个典型的例题例句犹如制冰块的方格，可以让学习者一目了然。
严格说来，英语和汉语分属不同语系，两者之间很难找到对等的词汇。
考生在认知单词或词组时仅仅记住中文意思显然是远远不够的。
需要注意三点：①有没有除大纲意义或第一义之外相去甚远的其他意义；②汉语意思雷同的几个单词之间有什么不同用法，搭配关系如何；③词形发生变化，如变为名词、形容词或副词等，词义是否有相应的变化。
1． It does not alter the fact that he was the man ______ for the death of the little girl．A． accounting B．guilty C．responsible D．obliged四个选项意义不同，用法也不同。
选项 A 意为“会计，结算”，其另一种形容词形式accountable表示“负有责任的”，具有一定的法律含义，可与to(对人)或for(对事)连用；选项 B 意为“负罪的，有过失的”，一般与to 或 of 连用；选项 C 意为“对 ,, 负责任的”，可与介词to 或 for连用；选项 D 为过去分词，常和 to 连用，表示“强迫，迫使” ，由题意“这并不能改变一个事实：他就是应对小女孩的死负责的那个人”推知，正确答案为 C 。