高级英语写作-修辞.ppt
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英语修辞及举例说明【优质PPT】
It must be delightful to find oneself in a foreign country without a penny in one’s pocket.
言语上的反语往往需要配合上下文来理解，它不尽然表达 批评或讽刺，有些时候也能表达赞扬和幽默。
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My love is like a red, red rose2
Metaphor 暗喻
对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比；所不 同的是在形式上，暗喻中本体和喻体之间多通过Be 动词来联系。省掉比喻词。
明喻：Life is like an unexplored river, full of twists and turns, great beauty and dangerous surprises .
提喻的本体与喻体之间的关系是局部—全体，具体—抽象 之间的关系，而换喻的本体与喻体之间的关系更为复杂。
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类比 analogy
将两类本质上不同的事物之间的共同点加以比较，
在形式上很像比喻，也用比喻词。常用来阐释复杂的概念。
类比最常见的句型为 A is to B as C is to D
The friendly gardner had a lot of thyme(time) for the woman.
那位和善的园丁留了许多百里香（与“时间”谐音）给那 个女人。
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矛盾修辞法 oxymoron
用两种不调和、甚至截然相反的特征来形容一项事 物，在矛盾中寻求哲理，以达到修辞效果。它是反 论的一种浓缩形式。
Can enemies become mortal friends ? 敌人能 成为不共戴天的朋友吗？
言语上的反语往往需要配合上下文来理解，它不尽然表达 批评或讽刺，有些时候也能表达赞扬和幽默。
2021/10/10
13
My love is like a red, red rose2
Metaphor 暗喻
对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比；所不 同的是在形式上，暗喻中本体和喻体之间多通过Be 动词来联系。省掉比喻词。
明喻：Life is like an unexplored river, full of twists and turns, great beauty and dangerous surprises .
提喻的本体与喻体之间的关系是局部—全体，具体—抽象 之间的关系，而换喻的本体与喻体之间的关系更为复杂。
2021/10/10
7
类比 analogy
将两类本质上不同的事物之间的共同点加以比较，
在形式上很像比喻，也用比喻词。常用来阐释复杂的概念。
类比最常见的句型为 A is to B as C is to D
The friendly gardner had a lot of thyme(time) for the woman.
那位和善的园丁留了许多百里香（与“时间”谐音）给那 个女人。
15
矛盾修辞法 oxymoron
用两种不调和、甚至截然相反的特征来形容一项事 物，在矛盾中寻求哲理，以达到修辞效果。它是反 论的一种浓缩形式。
Can enemies become mortal friends ? 敌人能 成为不共戴天的朋友吗？
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法(共24张PPT)
Part 2：by using simile marker “as...as” ——用as..as作喻词
• 1. The smile on her face was as vibrant as the sun on a summer day（情感描写）
• 她脸上的笑容和夏天的太阳一样充满活力。
• 2. Father rushed to his son's school, only to discover the building was as flat as pancake煎饼.(景物描写)
• 1.Mrs Sather looked at my eyes as if (she were) seeing my inner self locked away inside. （动作描写）
• Sather老师看着我的眼睛，仿佛看到了我灵魂深处封闭的自我。
• 2. She swept her son into her arms with her eys wet as if she wanted to squeeze the reath out of him.（动作描写）
• 父亲冲到儿子的学校后，才发现这座建筑已经变成一片废墟。
• 3. I reached out to touch her face, which was as cold as the ice. (人物描写)
• 我伸手去摸她的脸，发现她的脸像冰一样冰冷。
• 更多搭配： as busy as a bee 忙忙碌碌
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法（共24 张PPT）
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法（共24 张PPT）
•
• Personification拟人：It gives human form of feelings to animals, or le and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate (无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象).
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法第2讲ppt优质课件
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法第2讲pp t优质 课件
参考答案：1. 夸张 2. 拟人 3. 拟人
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法第2讲pp t优质 课件
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法第2讲pp t优质 课件
• 运用拟人、夸张修辞手法描写下面一幅图。
• 上期内容：明喻和暗喻
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法第2讲pp t优质 课件
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法第2讲pp t优质 课件
•
7．着力追求一种含蓄、凝练的意境。 海明威 曾经以 冰山来 比喻创 作，说 创作要 像海上 的冰山 ，八分 之一露 在上面 ，八分 之七应 该隐含 在水下 。露出 水面的 是形象 ，隐藏 在水下 的是思 想感情 ，形象 越集中 鲜明， 感情越 深沉含 蓄。另 外，为 使“水 下”的 部分深 厚阔大 ，他还 借助于 象征 的手法 ，使作 品蕴涵 深意。
• 4. Smile took hold of him.（情感描写） • 他笑容满面。 • 5. Anxiety torn him into pieces.（情感描写） • 她焦虑不安，十分崩溃。 • 6. Courage/Confidence deserted him.（情感描写）他没信心了。 • 7. Excitement deprived me of all power of speech.（情感描写） • 我兴奋的啥也说不出来了。
•
5．避免使用过多的描写手法，避免 过多地 使用形 容词， 特别是 华丽的 辞藻， 尽量采 用直截 了当的 叙述和 生动鲜 明的对 话，因 此，句 子简短 ，语汇 准确生 动。在 塑造桑 地亚哥 这一形 象时， 他的笔 力主要 集中在 真实而 生动地 再现老 人与鲨 鱼搏斗 的场景 上
•
6．鲜明生动的动作描写和简洁的对 话。海 明威善 于从感 觉、视 觉、触 觉着手 去刻画 形象， 将作者 、形象 与读者 的距离 缩短到 最低限 度，而 且很少 直接表 露感情 ，他总 是把它 们凝结 在简单 、迅速 的动作 中，蕴 涵在自 然的行 文或者 简洁的 对话中 ，由读 者自己 去体会 。
英语修辞 Microsoft PowerPoint 演示文稿
Personification 拟人
• • • 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化） • 2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人 化）
Metonymy 借喻,转喻
• • • • • • • • • 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个 与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
通ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ（synesthesia）
• 通感（synesthesia）是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到 另一个感官的心理感受。 Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. 有些书是应当尝尝滋味的，有些书是应当吞下去的，有少 数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。 书是“尝”不出味道的，也是不能“吃”下去将其“消化” 掉的。这里把读书中的精读和泛读，阅读欣赏与吸收知识 的感受，用味觉功能和消化功能来表示，心理感受是如此 逼真和奇特。
• Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山， 我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。） •
英语写作修辞PPT课件
• Excretion: pass water, go to stool, see the stars, get some fresh air, see one’s aunt, wash one’s hands
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Stylistic
• Profession:
gardener—landscape-architect,
his arms stretched, as he would fly, grasps in
the corner. The welcomes ever smile, and
farewell goes out sighing.
--William
Shakespeare
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Metonymy
earn money and save it, you can just go and borrow it.
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Context
• For instance, the nuns who never take a bath without wearing a bathrobe all the time, when asked why, since no man can see them, they reply, “Oh, but you forget the good God.” Apparently they conceive the Deity as a peeping Tom, whose omnipotence enables Him to see through bathroom walls, but who is foiled by bathrobes. This view strikes me as curious.
2021/4/17
12
Stylistic
• Profession:
gardener—landscape-architect,
his arms stretched, as he would fly, grasps in
the corner. The welcomes ever smile, and
farewell goes out sighing.
--William
Shakespeare
2021/4/17
8
Metonymy
earn money and save it, you can just go and borrow it.
2021/4/17
15
Context
• For instance, the nuns who never take a bath without wearing a bathrobe all the time, when asked why, since no man can see them, they reply, “Oh, but you forget the good God.” Apparently they conceive the Deity as a peeping Tom, whose omnipotence enables Him to see through bathroom walls, but who is foiled by bathrobes. This view strikes me as curious.
高级英语修辞手法ppt课件
Note: Synecdoche can easily be mistaken for metonymy.
Example of synedoche
If I had some wheels, I'd put on my best threads and ask for Jane's hand in marriage.
The term is often loosely defined as “an implied comparison”, “a simile without ‘like’ or ‘as’”.
E.g. Life is a yo-yo. It's a series of ups and downs. The town was stormed after a long siege.
Version 1:
Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted mateiral. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes.
Paraphrase
What is a “paraphrase”?
“the re-expression of sth written or said in different words, esp. words that are easier to understand” ——Longman’s Dictionary of Contemporary English
Example of synedoche
If I had some wheels, I'd put on my best threads and ask for Jane's hand in marriage.
The term is often loosely defined as “an implied comparison”, “a simile without ‘like’ or ‘as’”.
E.g. Life is a yo-yo. It's a series of ups and downs. The town was stormed after a long siege.
Version 1:
Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted mateiral. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes.
Paraphrase
What is a “paraphrase”?
“the re-expression of sth written or said in different words, esp. words that are easier to understand” ——Longman’s Dictionary of Contemporary English
高级英语写作-修辞PPT精选文档
Some analogies simply offer an explanation for clarification rather than a substitute argument: ➢ Knowledge always desires increase: it is like fire, which must first be kindled by some external agent, but which will afterwards propagate itself. --Samuel Johnson
❖The Hall applauded. ❖ He likes to play with the rosy cheeks. ❖She means to marry money. ❖The pen is mightier than the sword. ❖Grey hair should be respected. ❖Will you play me some Chopins? ❖He is the admiration of the whole school.
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Synecdoche: Examples
❖ It is hard to earn a dollar these days. ❖ His parents bought him a new set of wheels. ❖ Australia beat Canada at Cricket. ❖ She was dressed in silks and satins. ❖Spring should vanish with the rose! ❖What a despicable creature he is!
❖“England expects every man to do his duty." ❖ We bought this house instead of the one on
❖The Hall applauded. ❖ He likes to play with the rosy cheeks. ❖She means to marry money. ❖The pen is mightier than the sword. ❖Grey hair should be respected. ❖Will you play me some Chopins? ❖He is the admiration of the whole school.
13
Synecdoche: Examples
❖ It is hard to earn a dollar these days. ❖ His parents bought him a new set of wheels. ❖ Australia beat Canada at Cricket. ❖ She was dressed in silks and satins. ❖Spring should vanish with the rose! ❖What a despicable creature he is!
❖“England expects every man to do his duty." ❖ We bought this house instead of the one on
大学英语写作讲座一：修辞PPT课件
大学英语写作讲座 ：修辞
1. Figures of Speech Semantically ( 语义修辞) 1. 1 明喻 (simile)： 用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语
指出两个不同事物的相似之处
➢ That boy is as dumb as an oyster
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8
1.9 夸张（hyperbole）
运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观 事物，以达到强调的效果。
➢ My blood froze.
➢When I told our father about this, his heart burst.
➢My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’s voice on the phone.
➢ Intelligence is like a river. The deeper it is the less noise it makes.
➢ He jumped as if he had been stung.
2021
1
1. 2暗喻 (metaphor)：
用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外 一个事物 .
➢ Good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.
2021
2021
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1.10 矛盾修饰 (oxymoron)
1. Figures of Speech Semantically ( 语义修辞) 1. 1 明喻 (simile)： 用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语
指出两个不同事物的相似之处
➢ That boy is as dumb as an oyster
2021
8
1.9 夸张（hyperbole）
运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观 事物，以达到强调的效果。
➢ My blood froze.
➢When I told our father about this, his heart burst.
➢My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’s voice on the phone.
➢ Intelligence is like a river. The deeper it is the less noise it makes.
➢ He jumped as if he had been stung.
2021
1
1. 2暗喻 (metaphor)：
用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外 一个事物 .
➢ Good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.
2021
2021
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1.10 矛盾修饰 (oxymoron)
高级英语第二册修辞汇总PPT课件
within the circle of adults. Grandmother
Koshak 乞im求plored, "Children, let's sing!"
17. A second wall moved, wavered, Charlie
Hill tried to support it, but it toppled on him,
8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart
as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.（Para. 20）simile、personification
9. …and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads.(Para.28)
conspicuous.(P16)
•
—Synecdoche（提喻）
6、 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,adnthen more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.(P18)
6. “We can batten down and ride it out,”
he said. 封舱
安然度过
实用英语写作--修辞 ppt课件
❖ Lady hermits who are down but not out(穷困而不潦倒的女隐士 们)
❖ Where there is a will, there is a lawsuit. 有遗嘱必有官司。
实 用 英 语 写 作（JLU）
十一、重复(repetition)
This is the lesson: never give in, never give in, never, never,
二、暗喻【Metaphor】
暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。 它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言 的表现力.
❖ Experience is the mother of wisdom. ❖ The boy is all skin and bone. ❖ Knowledge is not always a water that washes away vice. ❖ Life is a journey. ❖ Poor Joe lives in that match-box of a house. ❖ Waves thundered against the rocks.
lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. ❖ Chivalry is going about releasing beautiful maidens from other men’s castle,
and taking them to your own castle.
实 用 英 语 写 作（JLU）
八、头韵【Alliteration】
❖ Where there is a will, there is a lawsuit. 有遗嘱必有官司。
实 用 英 语 写 作（JLU）
十一、重复(repetition)
This is the lesson: never give in, never give in, never, never,
二、暗喻【Metaphor】
暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。 它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言 的表现力.
❖ Experience is the mother of wisdom. ❖ The boy is all skin and bone. ❖ Knowledge is not always a water that washes away vice. ❖ Life is a journey. ❖ Poor Joe lives in that match-box of a house. ❖ Waves thundered against the rocks.
lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. ❖ Chivalry is going about releasing beautiful maidens from other men’s castle,
and taking them to your own castle.
实 用 英 语 写 作（JLU）
八、头韵【Alliteration】
高级英语写作-修辞
➢ Climax
➢ Euphemism
➢ Hyperbole
➢ Irony
➢ Oxymoron
完整编辑ppt
2
What’s a Simile?
➢Similes compare two dissimilar objects, concepts, etc., in order to suggest an unexpected likeness between the two.
完整编辑ppt
14
Metonymy
➢ The thing chosen for the metaphorical image is closely associated with (but not an actual part of) the subject with which it is to be compared.
完整编辑ppt
11
Personification
➢Personification involves giving the qualities of animals or persons to inanimate objects – to animate the nonliving.
➢Once again, figurative language is used to bring images, concepts, or objects to life!
➢ The soul in the body is like a bird in a cage.
When a verb or phrase is compared to a verb
or phrase, as is used:
➢ They remained constantly attentive to their goal, as a sunflower always turns and stays focused on the sun.
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法(共24张PPT)
Part 2：把含蓄抽象的概念当作人来描写
1. Fear seized/swallowed him.（情感描写） 恐惧把他吞噬了。2. Anger choked my words.（情感描写） 我气得说不出话来。 3. A good idea suddenly struck me. 我突然想到一个好主意。4. Smile took hold of him.（情感描写）他笑容满面。5. Anxiety torn him into pieces.（情感描写）她焦虑不安，十分崩溃。6. Courage/Confidence deserted him.（情感描写）他没信心了。7. Excitement deprived me of all power of speech.（情感描写）我兴奋的啥也说不出来了。
Part 2：by using the verbs
——通过动词联系
1. I felt a lump in my throat, tearing welling up in my eyes.（情感描写）我如鲠在喉，泪水湿润了眼眶。2. He doesn't have an idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say.(人物描写)他没有自己的观点，只会鹦鹉学舌。3. A heavy silence blanketed the room.（环境描写）整个房子沉浸在一片寂寞中。4. The boy wolfed down the food.（动作描写）小男孩狼吞虎咽。
Part 1：把自然现象当作人来描写
1. The wind stood up and gave a shout . (景物描写)大风凛冽，发出怒吼。2. The breeze gently kissed her cheeks. (景物描写)微风轻柔地亲吻着她的脸庞。3. The feathery snowflakes danced in the night air, making a beautiful picture.(景物描写)鹅毛般的雪花在空中飞舞，像一幅美丽的图画。4.The mist swallowed him up. (景物描写)薄雾把他包围起来。5.The icy wind started howling, stinging my face.(景物描写)寒风开始咆哮，刺痛了我的脸。6. Stars winked at me in a darkening sky.(景物描写)夜空中星星向我眨眼睛。7. Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.(景物描写)顷刻间，黑暗统治了森林。
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Personification
Personification involves giving the qualities of animals or persons to inanimate objects – to animate the nonliving.
Once again, figurative language is used to bring images, concepts, or objects to life!
frequently a metaphor is invoked by the to be verb.
For Example…
“The snow is a blanket on the earth.”
Is the snow actually a blanket? No! However, the image the equation creates is a vividly descriptive one – and vivid images are excellent!
The Hall applauded. He likes to play with the rosy cheeks. She means to marry money. The pen is mightier than the sword. Grey hair should be respected. Will you play me some Chopins? He is the admiration of the whole school.
Metaphors: More Examples
Your eye is the lamp of your body; when your eye is sound, your whole body is full of light; but when it is not sound, your body is full of darkness. --Luke
Analogy: Examples
You may abuse a tragedy, though you cannot write one. You may scold a carpenter who has made you a bad table, though you cannot make a table. It is not your trade to make tables. --Samuel Johnson
Some analogies simply offer an explanation for clarification rather than a substitute argument: Knowledge always desires increase: it is like fire, which must first be kindled by some external agent, but which will afterwards propagate itself. --Samuel Johnson
Rhetorical Questions
The question is not answered by the writer, because its answer is obvious or obviously desired, and usually just a yes or no. It is used for effect, emphasis, or provocation, or for drawing a conclusionary statement from the facts at hand.
How can we use a simile to compare the two?
The Finished Product!
The snow is like a
thick blanket on the ground.
Notice the key presence of “like”.
More Examples
The mind is but a barren soil; a soil which is soon exhausted and will produce no crop, or only one, unless it be continually fertilized and enriched with foreign matter. --Joshua Reynolds
. . . For if we lose the ability to perceive our faults, what is the good of living on? --Marcus Aurelius
When you compare a noun to a noun, the
simile is usually introduced by like:
After such long exposure to the direct sun, the leaves of the houseplant looked like pieces of overcooked bacon.
Rhetorical Devices
Major Simile Metaphor Personification Synecdoche Metonymy
Minor Analogy Rhetorical Questions Alliteration Antithesis Climax Euphemism Hyperbole Irony Oxymoron
Metonymy
The thing chosen for the metaphorical image is closely associated with (but not an actual part of) the subject with which it is to be compared.
For Example…
Two Dissimilar Subjects
Blanket
Snow
Simile Time!
If we wish to make a comparison between the way a blanket covers a bed and the way the snow covers the ground, we should use a simile.
Synecdoche: Examples
It is hard to earn a dollar these days. His parents bought him a new set of wheels. Australia beat Canada at Cricket. She was dressed in silks and satins. Spring should vanish with the rose! What a despicable creature he is!
Rhetorical Questions
How many times do I have to tell you to do your homework?
But how can we expect to enjoy the scenery when the scenery consists entirely of garish billboards?
Metaphors
Metaphor compares two different things by speaking of one in terms of the other.
Metaphor asserts that one thing is another
thing, not just that one is like another. Very
Analogy
Analogies can be separated into two parts.
Target – the unknown idea or object; we’re trying to explain it, or at least make it clear
Source – the familiar idea or object; we use sources to shed light on the more complicated target
What’s a Simile?
Similes compare two dissimilar objects, concepts, etc., in order to suggest an unexpected likeness between the two.
Similes can often be distinguished by the presence of one of two code words, “like” and “as”.
Direction
An easy way to remember the difference between similes and metaphors is to determine whether the writer is trying to be direct.
“The snow is a blanket” is direct; the comparison in “the snow is like a blanket” is by definition more abstract than the equation.
“England expects every man to do his duty." We bought this house instead of the one on