2014职称英语综合第六部分完形填空
2014职称英语完形填空WORD
A life with BirdsFor near 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London’s Yeoman Warders, better known to tourists as Beefearters. David 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top of the Byeard Tower, one of the gatehouses. “From our bedroom we have a marvelous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames.”Says David.The Tower of London is famous for its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinate by the birds and when he was offered the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no hesitation in accepting it. “The birds have now become my life and I’m always aware of the fact that I am maintaining a tradition. The legend says that if the raven leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it’s my job to make sure this doesn’t happen. David devotes about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the fact that he lives right next to them is ideal. “I can keep a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I’m working.’ At first, Cavid’s wife Mo was not keen on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year.” When we look out of our windows we see history all around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for future memories.A Lucky BreakActor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking hones, and it always seems to happen when he’s doing sport. In the film Play it to the Bone he plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson. During the making of the film Harrelson kept complaining that the fight scenes weren’t very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn’t keen on the idea at first, but he was eventually persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his opponent was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas so hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing “silly macho games”. “She was right”, confesses Banders, “and I was a fool to take a risk like that in the middle of a movie.”He was reminded of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always dreamed of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told his his playing up acting: I saw it as another way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football pitch was , you might say ,my first lucky break.”Global WarmingFew people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world’s climate. Many scientist put the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the world’s temperatures and are convinced that more than ever before, the Earth is at risk from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. According to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to rise.Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in favor of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power stations.Some scientists, however, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.A Success StoryAt 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have made their fortune through the Internet. What makes Ben’s story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was told by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly. “I wanted to prove them wrong”. Says Ben, creator and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls.When he was eight, his local authorities provided him with a PC to help with school work. Although he was unable to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and encouraged by his father, he soon began charging people $10 and hour for his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he set up his computer consultancy Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to devote all his time to business.“By this time the company had grown and I needed to take on a couple of employees to help me”, says Ben. “That enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies.”It was his ability to consistently overcome difficult challenges that led him win the Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he formed Waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal worth $25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine.Traffic in Our CitiesThe volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk of accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their car at home.One possible approach is to make it more expensive for pelple to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who breaks the laws. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, known as “road pricing”, is already introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card fixed to the windscreen of car.Another way of dealing with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirt of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. Driver and their passengers then use a special bus service for the final stage of their journey.Of course, the most important thing is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares kept at an acceptable level.Teaching and LearningMany teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect student to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given the student is responsible for learning the material assigned. When research is assign, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance. It is the student’s responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works; they expect students particularly graduate students to exhaust the reference sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United States professors have many other duties besides teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited . If as student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment.The Difference between Man and ComputerWhat makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don't yet(1) account for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about (2) what they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand,don't. In puter don't (3) even have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read . If a computer (4) program is to be a model of story understanding,it should also read for a "purpose".Of course,people have several goals that so not make (5) sense to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide (6) in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goels, or to (7) find a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.However, these physiological and social goals give (8) rise to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (9) information about the name of a restaurant which (10) serves the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant,etc. These are goals to (11) acquire information or knowledge, what we are calling (12) learning goals, These goals can be held by computers too; a computer (13) might "want" to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so (14) in the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not (15) arise out of hunger in the case of the computer, it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.Look on The Bright SideDo you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always (1) ecpected to bo successful? Having someone around who always (2) fears the worst isn't really a lot of (3) fun . We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says. "It looks (4) like rain." But if you catch yourself thinking such things, it's important to do something (5) about it.You can change your view of life, (6) according to psychologists. It only takes a little effort, an you'll find life more rewarding as a (7) result . Optimism,they say, is partly about selfrespect and confidence, but it's also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to (8) offer .Optimists are more (9) likely to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks.Upbringing is obviously very important in forming your (10) attitude to the world.Some people are brought up to (11) depend too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything (12) goes wrong. Most optimists, on the (13) other hand, have been brought up not to (14) regard failure as the end of the word----they just (15) get on with their lives.The First BicycleThe history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791, Count de Sivrac delighted onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention, a machine called the celerifere. It was basically an enlarged version of a children’s toy which had been in use for many years. Sivrac’s celerifere had a wooden frame, made in the shape of a horse, which was mounted on a wheel at either end. To ride it, you sat on a small seat, just like a modern bicycle, and pushed hard against the ground with your legs – there were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a celerifere and it had no brakes, but despite these problems the invention very much appealed to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were holding races up and down the streets.Minor injuries were common as riders attempted final burst of speed. Controlling the machine was difficult, as the only way to change direction was to pull up the front of the celerifere and turn it round while the front wheel was spinning in the air. Celeriferes were not popular for long, however, as the combination of no springs, no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so, the wooden celerifere was the origin of the modern bicycle.Working MothersCarefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal view is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not, there are a number of mothers who just have to work. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot hope to see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic necessity many mothers are not cut out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant, they feel trapped and isolated.There are a number of options when it comes to choosing childcare. There range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady across the street. In reality, however, many parents don’t have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared? No matter how good the childcare may be, some children are going to pretest wildly if they are left. This is a perfectly normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months, but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family member. Make sure that in the first week you allow plenty of time to help your child settle in.All children are different. Some are independent, while others are more attached their mothers. Remember that if you want do the best for your children, it’s not the quantity of time you spend with them, it’s the quality that matters.。
2014职称英语真题及答案(各类最全)
2014年职称英语考试真题(综合类C级)第一部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
1.The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.A.partyB.celebrationC.unionD.conference2.He made a number of rude remarks about the food.mentsB.signsC.mannersD.noises3.The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by10%.A.returnB.realizeC.increaseD.doubleck of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A.receivesB.preventsC.deservesD.accepts5.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet,A.extraB.fineC.winterD.outdoor6.The book raised a storm of controversy.A.damageB.voiceC.argumentD.doubt7.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.A.jumpB.hopeC.silenceD.life8.I'm sure I'll able to amuse myself for a few hours.A.treatB.entertainC.holdD.keep9.Some comments are just inviting trouble.A.keeping out ofB.getting intoC.asking forD.suffering from10.My principal concern is to get the job done fast.A.seriousB.deepC.particularD.main11.Several windows had been smashed.A.cleanedB.brokenC.replacedD.fixed12.His knowledge of French is fair.A.quite goodB.very usefulC.very limitedD.rather special13.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A.discoverB.proveC.considerD.imagine14.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A.partsB.aspectsC.painsD.results15.Afterwards there was just a feeling of letdown.A.excitementB.disappointmentC.angerD.calm第二部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题l分,共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
2014职称英语综合类B级真题及答案解析
2014职称英语综合类B级真题及答案解析第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let down.A.excitement B.anger C.calm D.disappointment2.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A.copy B.furnish C.publish D.summarize3.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.A.hidden B.inflexible C.traditional D.official4.Heled a very moral life.A.honorable B.human C.intelligent D.natural5.The majority of people around here are decent.A.real B.honest C.normal D.wealthy6.His knowledge of French is fair.A.very useful B.verylimited C.quite good D.rather special7.The group does not advocate the use of violence.A.limit B.regulate C.support D.oppose8.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A.pains B.parts C.aspects D.results9.Itwas a magic night until the spell was broken.A.time B.charm C.space D.opportunity10.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A.prove B.discover C.consider D.imagine11.Several windows had been smashed.A.cleaned B.replaced C.broken D.fixed12.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A.homework B.act C.justice D.model13.London quickly became a flourishing port.2015年职称英语考试题库免费下载:/RhFad1WA.major B.large C.successful D.commercial14.His professional career spanned 16 years.A.started B.changed C.moved D.lasted15.His stomach felt hollow with fear.A.empty B.sincere C.respectful D.terrible第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
2014年职称英语考试 卫生类 完形填空 全 字典版 重点预测标注版 正反打印
6 Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV TreatmentBristol-Myers Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many HIV drugs into a single pill Sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS,2for example, are all treated with combinations of drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be simpler if drug companies combined all the medicines into a single pill, taken just once a day.Now, two companies say they have done that for people just starting treatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The companies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. They have developed a single pill that combines three drugs currently on the market.3Bristol-Myers Squibb sells one of them under the name of Sustiva.4Gilead combined the others, Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four.Combining drugs involves more than technical issues. It also involves issues of competition if the drugs are made by different companies. The new once-daily pill is the result of what is described as the first joint venture agreement of its kind in the treatment of HIVIn January the New England Journal of Medicine5 published a study of the new pill. Researchers compared its effectiveness to6 that of the widely used combination of Sustiva and Combivir. Combivir contains two drugs, AZT7 and 3TC.8 The researchers say that after one year of treatment, the new pill suppressed HIV levels in more patients and with fewer side effects.9Gilead paid for the study. Professor Joel Gallant at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, led the research. He is a paid adviser to Gilead and Bristol-Meyers Squibb as well as the maker of Combivir, GlaxoSmithKline.Glaxo Smith Kline reacted to the findings by saying that a single study is of limited value. It says the effectiveness of Combivir has been shown in each of more than fifty studies.The price of the new once-daily pill has not been announced. But Gilead and Bristol-Myers Squibb say they will provide it at reduced cost to developing countries. They plan in the next few months to ask the United States Food and Drug Administration10 to approve the new pill. There are limits to who could take it because of the different drugs it contains. For example, pregnant women are told not to take Sustiva because of the risk of birth disorders.11Experts say more than forty million people around the world are living with HIV7 ExerciseWhether or not exercise addsto the length of life, it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exerise which involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial. How much and what kind of exercise one should take merits careful consideration.The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the point of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with those _of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is of vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take isquestion hard _to answer. Individual variability istoo great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The sage limit for exercise depends on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will serve as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The other is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.What type of exercise one should choose _depens upon one’s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate in throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.9 The Case of the Disappearing FingerprintsOne useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints. Losing them could become troublesome. A casereleased online in a letter by Annals of Oncology indicates how big a problem of losing fingerprints is.Eng-Huat Tan, a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year old man who has used capecitabine to treat his nasopharyngeal cancer. After three years on the drug ,the patient decided to visit U. S. relatives last December. But he was stopped by U. S. customs officials for 4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get fingerprints from the man. There were no distinctive swirly marks appearing from his index finger.U. S. customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years, Tan says. Their index fingers are printed and screened against digital files of the fingerprints of bad guys—terrorists and potential criminals that our federal guardians have been tasked with keeping out of the country. Unfortunately, for the Singaporean traveler,one potential side effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads. Hence ,no fingerprints.“It is uncertain when fingerprint loss will begin to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine,” Tan points out. So he cautions any physicians who prescribe the drug to provide their patients with .a doctor’s note pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear.Eventually, the Singapore traveler made it into the United States. I guess the name on his passport didn’t raise any red flags. But he,s also now got the explanatory doctor’s note —and won’t leave home prescribe it. By the way, maybe the Food and Drug Administration, which approved use of the drug11 years ago, should consider updating its list of side effects associated with this medicine. The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting, stomach pain and some other side effects. But no where does it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints.10 Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study, most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment, including humiliation by senior doctors, being threatened, or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.The findings come from analysis of the responses to a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1, 733 second-year residents. The survey and analysis appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.Overall, out of the 1,277 residents who completed surveys, 1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year. In addition to reporting incidents where they were abused, more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons had made false medical records. Moreover, nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians, or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent event.More than 10% of the residents said they were not allowed to have enough sleep, and the average number of hours without _ sleep was 37.6. The average on-call hours during a _ typical week was 56.9 hours, but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks. Although30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination, verbal abuse was the most common problem cited. When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times, 53% of the respondents reported that they were belittled or humiliated by more senior residents, while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work. Being “given tasks for punishment,” “being pushed, kicked or hit,” and having someone “threatening your reputation or career,” were reported as a more frequent occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.11 Migrant WorkersIn the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East,1where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 2it is not surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it. 3This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage. For example, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way, many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems。
2014年度全国职称英语等级考试综合B真题及答案
2014年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类(B级)真题试题及答案第1部分:词汇选项(第1—15题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项.1.After wards there was just a feeling of let—down。
A。
excitement B。
anger C. Calm D. disappointment2。
The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation。
A.copy B。
furnish C。
publish D。
summariza3.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid。
A。
hidden B。
inflexible C.traditiona D。
official4.He led a very moral lifeA.honourable B。
human C.intelligent D。
natural.5。
The majority of people around here are decent.A。
real B。
honest C。
normal D.wealthy6。
His knowledge of French is fair.A.very usefulB.very limited C。
quite good D.rather special7。
The group does not advocate the use of violence。
A.limit B。
regalate C.support D。
oppose8。
The worst agonies of the war were now beginning。
A。
pains B。
parts C. aspects D。
2014年全国职称英语卫生类A级考前试题及答案内部学习请勿泄露
2014年全国职称英语卫生类(A级)考前真题及答案(内部学习,请勿泄露)第1部分:词汇选项(第1-15题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
2014年全国职称英语卫生类(A级)复习交流Q群:294,647,9991 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclearB obviousC majorD minor2 The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting9 A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedC praisedD caught10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15 She always finds fault with everything.A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
2014年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生B真题及答案
2014年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类(B级)试题第1部分:词汇选项(第1—15题,每题1分,共15分)1.After wards there was just a feeling of let-down.A. excitementB. angerC. CalmD. disappointment2.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situationA.copyB. furnishC. publishD. summariza3.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigidA.hiddenB.inflexibleC.traditionaD.official4.He led a very moral lifeA.honourableB.humanC.intelligentD.natural5.The majority of people around here are decentA.realB.honestC.normalD.wealthy6.His knowledge of French is fairA.very usefulB.very limitedC.quite goodD.rather special7.The group does not advocate the use of violenceA.limitB.regalateC.supportD.oppose8.The worst agonies of the war were now beginningA. painsB. partsC. aspectsD. results9.It was a magic night until the spell was brokenA.timeB.charmC.spaceD.opportunity10.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present systemA. proveB. discoverC. considerD. imagine11.Several windows had been smashedA.cleanedB.replacedC.brokenD.fixed12.She felt that she had done her good deed for the dayA. homeworkB. actC. justiceD. model13.London quickly became a flourishing portA.majorrgeC.successfulmercial14.His professional career spanned 16 yearsA.stareedB.changedC.movedsted15.His stomach felt hollow with fearA. emptyB. sincereC. respectfulD. terrible第2部分:阅读判断(第16—22题,每题1分,共7分)Some Schooling on BackpacksAccording to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 5.900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors’offices last year for sprians(扭伤)and strains caused by backpacks. Such injunes are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians as a potential clinical problem for children.How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps(有垫的背带)and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up.I low much should you stuff into your pack? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weight. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker(储物柜)to exchange books between classes.Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground,but they have problems too. Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack.Roller bags often don’t fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use. 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea.16.About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned17. 70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned18. Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a belt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned19. A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned20. Children should put all the books in their lockers.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned21. Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpacks.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned22. A 10-15 minutes’exercise will help you bear a heavier backpack.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)Aromatherapy(芳香疗法)1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties. In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils, such as almond(杏仁)oil, or they are diluted(稀释)with water. These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin, sprayed in the air, or applied as a compress(敷药)。
2014职称英语综合类教材完形填空深度解析(珍藏版)
第一篇 A Life with Birds 有鸟陪伴的生活(2012年新增,未考)For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders, _ better(更…)known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top(顶部)of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. "From(从)our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.作为伦敦塔的守卫者之一的David Cope在那里工作了近17年,被游客们称为Beefeaters。
David,64岁,生活在Byward塔顶部的一个三居室的单元里,一个警卫室。
David说:“从我们的卧室看去,我们可以看到伦敦塔桥和泰晤士河的一个美好景色。
The Tower of London is famous for(以..而著名)its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was _ offered(提供)__ the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no _ hesitation(犹豫)_ in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always _ aware(意识到)of the fact that I am _ maintaining (保持)_ a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to _ make(确保)sure this doesn't happen!"伦敦塔以大黑色的鸟----乌鸦而著名,它们已经在那里生活了三个多世纪。
2014年全国职称英语等级考试综合类(A级)试题及答案
2014年职称英语考试综合类A级试题及参考答案第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.A. pointB. tendencyC. result d. finding2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.a. amazingb. depressingc. predictabled. dull3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.a. furnishb. copyc. publishd. summarize4. The group does not advocate the use of violence.a. limitb. regulatec. opposed. support5. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicate.a. reproducedb. inventedc. designedd. reported6. The department deferred the decision for six months.a. put offb. arrived atc. abided byd. protested against7. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.a. easedb. appearedc. improvedd. relieved8. The uniform makes the guards look absurd.a. seriousb. ridiculousc. beautifuld. impressive9. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.a. silentb. motionlessc. seatedd. true10. The country was torn apart by strife.a. povertyb. warc. conflictd. economy11. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.a. actb. homeworkc. justiced. model12. A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.a. equalb. certainc. larged. opposite13. His professional career spanned 16 days.a. startedb. changedc. movedd. lasted14. His stomach felt hollow with fear.a. sincereb. respectfulc. terribled. empty15. This was disaster on a cosmic scale.a. modestb. hugec. commerciald. national参考答案:bdadaabbbcadddb第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
2014年职称英语考试 完形填空 常考词汇及应试技巧
完型填空常考词:1、篇章逻辑词:however,furthermore,therefore,consequently,hence(因此),but, as a result,otherwise(否则),on the other hand(另一方面),on the one hand(一方面)2、介词:on,at,of,in,with,by,to,for,into,about,against3、从句连接词:What,which,that,when,while(在...期间,而),because,if(是否,如果),before,after,until,as4、代词:this,that,these,those,some(一些),other(其他,他人),one,ones常考实义词(动词,形容词,名词,副词):1、介词:without,between,like(如同,象)2、形容词:safe(安全的),alike(相同的,相似的),true(真实的,正确的,忠诚的),whole(所有的,完全的),traditional(传统的),advanced(高级的,先进的), positive(肯定的,实际的,积极的),popular(流行的,受欢迎的),serious(严肃的,严重的),beautiful(美丽的),necessary(必需的),ordinary(普通的),normal (正常的,一般的),regular(规则的,经常的),afraid(of)(害怕的),lucky(幸运的),accurate(正确的,精确的),intelligent(聪明的,有才智的),clever(聪明的),hard(艰苦的,硬的),special(特别的,特殊的),large(大的),previous (以前的,早先的),expensive(昂贵的),cheap(便宜的),useful(有用的),useless (无用的),free(自由的,免费的),elder(年长的),healthy(健康的),polite(礼貌的)3、副词:lately(最近),recently(最近),presently(目前,不久),usually (通常),often(经常),more(更),less(不太)4、名词:result(结果),effect(结果,影响),reason(原因),speed(速度), proposal(提议),suggestion(建议,暗示),origin(起源),source(来源),size (大小,尺寸),condition(条件,情形),shape(形状),decision(决定),feature (特征),part(部分,零件,角色),safety(安全),energy(能量,活力),necessity (必要性,必需品),answer(回答,答案),way(路,方法),method(方法),expert (专家),scientist(科学家),researcher(研究员),behavior(行为),manner(方式,礼貌),life(生活,寿命)5、动词:change(改变),improve(改善,改进),reduce(减少),stop(停止), decide(决定),prevent(防止,预防),keep(保持,保存),maintain(维持,维修,主张),finish(完成),report(报告),live(活着,居住),work(工作),manage(管理),treat(对待,治疗),cure(治疗),complete(完成,全部的),visit(访问,参观),investigate(调查,研究),attack(进攻,攻击),bring(带来,引起),affect (影响),influence(影响),cause(造成),damage(损害),harm(伤害,损害), injure(伤害),include(包括),allow(允许),agree(同意),enjoy(喜欢,享受,共有),like(喜欢),fear(担心,害怕),discover(发现),consider(考虑,认为),get(获得,变得),obtain(获得,得到),suggest(建议),collect(收集,集中),gather(集合),imagine(想象),handle(处理,搬运),protect(保护),raise (提高,饲养),rise(上升),arise(出现),inform(通知,告诉),try(试图), reach(到达),contact(联系)6、短语结构:prevent...from.../keep...from...防止/阻止...,lead to...(导致...,通往...),for example/instance(例如),as a result(结果),at most(最多),at least(最少),at last(最后),consist of...(由...组成),gain weight(体重增加), lose weight(体重减少),even if(即使),even though(即使),deal with(处理)完型填空答题思路:a)分析文章标题,了解文章主题,确认文章主题词;b)对比被选项,推测答案可能出自的范围;c)关注空格两端结构,借助空格所在的局部搭配结构及搭配语意判断答案;提示1:上下文的用词特点(上下文常常通过使用同一词汇/近义词/词汇/反义词形成上下文意义的衔接)提示2:备选项中出现的近义词词组通常是干扰项),因此答案只能是with(with是方式介词提示3:文章主题词/文章主题词的近义词/文章主题词的家族词汇可能是答案考点:非谓语动词结构/常见动词的辨析考点:it句型考点:常见形容词的辨析(通过派生法而形成的形容词)考点:固定搭配结构(动词性的短语结构)考点:固定搭配结构(名词性的短语结构)考点:上下文意义衔接词考点:常见副词的辨析。
2014年职称英语综合类B级完型填空(经典缩印版)(范文大全)
2014年职称英语综合类B级完型填空(经典缩印版)(范文大全)第一篇:2014年职称英语综合类B级完型填空(经典缩印版) 第六篇 Teaching and learningMany teachers believe that the responsibilities(职责)for learning 是…的责任)the student.If a long reading assignment(n.任务,作业)is __in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination.The idea(理想)_ student is considered to be one who is motivated(v.刺激,激发……的积极性)to learn for the sake of(为了)learning(学习)_, not the one interested only in getting high grades.Sometimes homework is returned with(带…回来)brief written comments but without a grade.Even if a grade is not given, the student is for learning the material assigned.When research is , the professor expects the student to take it responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library.Professors do students graduate students to exhaust(v.耗尽,使筋疲力尽;彻底讨论)the reference _ sources(资源)_ in the library.Professors will help dependent on them.In the United Stats professors have many other duties teaching, such as administrative(adj.管理的,行政的)or research work.Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is If a student has problems with classroom work , the student sho 会).第七篇 The Difference between Man and Computer What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element(n.元素,成分,要素)that our theories don’t yet answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about they are interested puters, on the other hand, don't.In fact, computers don't have interests;there is nothing in particular(尤其, 特别)that they aretrying to find out when they read.If a computer program(程序)_ is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a “purpose”.Of course, people have several goals that do not make sense(合理)to attribute to computers.One might read a restaurant guide in(为了)order to satisfy hunger or entertainment(n.娱乐,消遣)goals, or to find(寻找)a good place to go for a business puters do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.However, these physiological(adj.生理学的,生理的)and social goals give(导致)to several intellectual(adj.智力的,聪明的)or cognitive(adj.认知的,认识上的)goals.A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to(引起, 导致)goals to findabout the name of a restaurant which serves(供应)the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is,the location of the restaurant, etc.These are goals to _ acquire(获取)information or knowledge, what we are calling learning(学习)_ goals.These goals can be held by computers too;a computer might(可能)_ “want” to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so in(以…方式)the same way as a person might.While such a goal would not arise(起于)out of hunger in the case of the computer, it 很可能)arise out of the “goal” to learn more about restaurants.*第八篇Look on The Bright SideDo you ever wish you were more optimistic(adj.乐观的,乐观主义的), someone who always expected(期望)to be successful? Having someone around who always fears(恐惧)the worst isn’t really a lot of fun(乐趣).We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says, “It looks like(像)rain.” But if you catch yourself thinking such things,it's important to do something about(对此)it(代前面整句话,指这个状况、情况、事实).to psychologists(心理学家).It only takes a little effort, andyou'll find life more rewarding(adj.有益的,值得的,有报酬的)as a result(结果).Optimism,they say,is partly about self-respect and confidence but it's also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to offer(提供).Optimists are more likely(很有可能)to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks.Upbringing(教养,养育,抚育)is obviously(adv.明显地,显然地)very important in forming your attitude(态度)to the world.Some people are brought up to depend(依赖于)too much on others and grow up(成长)forever blaming(v.责备,归咎于)other people when anything goes(发生)wrong.Most optimists,on the _other(另一方面)(把..看作)failure as the end of the world—they just get on(继续)with their lives.*第九篇 The First BicycleThe history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years.In 1791, Count(伯爵)de Sivrac delighted(使...喜悦)onlookers(观众)in a park in Paris as he 炫耀)his two-wheeled invention, a machine called the celeriferé.It was basically an enlarged(扩大)version of a children’s toy which had been in use(在使用中)for many years.Sivrac's “celeriferé” had a woo den frame, made in the shape(形状)of a horse,which was mounted on a wheel at either end.T o ride it, you sat on a small seat, just like a modem bicycle,and pushed hard(努力)against the ground(地面)with your legs—there were no pedals(踏板,脚蹬子).It was impossible to steer(驾驶,操纵,控制)a celeriferé and it had no brakes(闸,刹车(吸引)to the fashionable young men of Paris.Soon they were holding(举行)races up and down the streets.Minor injuries(受伤)were common as riders attempted a final burst(爆发,突发,爆炸)of speed(速度).Controlling the machine was difficult, as the only way to change direction(方向)was to pull up the front of the “celeriferé” and turn(掉转)it round while the frontwheel was spinning(自旋)in the air."Celeriferéof no springs(弹簧), no steering and rough roads(起伏路)made riding them very uncomfortable.Even so,the wooden celeriferé was the origin(始祖)of the modem bicycle.第十篇 Working MothersCarefully conducted(v.实施,实行)researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home.My personal view(观点)is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish.Whether we like it or not, there are a number(很多)of mothers who just have to work.There are those who have invested(投资)such a big part of their lives in establishing(建立)a career that they cannot afford (负担)to see it lost.Then there are many who must work out of pure economic(经济上的)necessity(有必要).Many mothers are not cut(适合于)out to be full-time parents.After a few months at home with a much loved infant(婴儿,幼儿), they feel trapped(v.使陷入困境,使受限制)and isolated(使隔离,使孤立).There are a number of options(选项,选择)when it comes(涉及)to choosing childcare.These range from child minders(照顾者)and nannies(保姆)直到)Granny(奶奶)or the kind(好心的)lady across(对面)the street.reality(在现实状况下), however,many parents don't have any choice;they have to accept anything they can get.Be prepared!No matter(无论)how good the childcare may be,some children are going to protest(抗议)wildly(激烈的)if they are left.This is a perfectly(完全)normal stage of child development.Babies separate well in the first six months,but soon after that they start to get a crush(依恋, 压烂)on Mum and close family members(成员).Make sure that in the first week you allow plenty of(大量)安顿下来).All children are different.Some are independent, while others are more(做)thebest for your children, it's not the quantity(数量)of time you spend with them,it's the quality(质量)that matters.第二篇:2014职称英语押题理工B 完型填空完型填空:第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights Loneliness Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries, ____1____ according to a study inPsychological Science, they’re good for your heart and____2____.“comfort food1 ” and how it makes people feel.“For me____3____, food has always played a big role in my family”, says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student2 at the University of Buffalo3,and lead author4 on the study.The study came out of the research program of his co-author Shira Gabriel.It has____4____ non-human things that may affect human emotions.Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their____5____ TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones.Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect____6____ making people think of their nearest and dearest5.In one experiment, in order to make____7____ feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them.Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment.Then, some people in each____8____ wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food.____9____ the researchers had participants____10____ questions about their levels of loneliness6.Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely.But people who were generally____11____ in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food.“We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us,” saysTroisi.u Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others.” In ____12____ essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the____13____ of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment,____14____ chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if7 they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food.This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.Throughout everyone’s daily lives8 they experience stress, often associated with our ____15____ with others, “Troisi says.‘‘Comfort food can be an easy remedy for loneliness.词汇:mashed / mæʃt / adj.被捣成糊浆的macaroni / ,mækə'rəʊnɪ/ n.通心粉 cheese / tʃiːz / n.奶酪 artery / 'ɑːtərɪ / n.动脉assignment / ə'saɪnmənt / n.指定作业reminder / rɪmaɪndə / n.起提醒作用的东西 remedy / remɪdɪ/ n.治疗方法,药物 virtual / vɜːtjʊəl / adj.虚拟的注释:1.comfort food:爽心食品 2.graduate student:研究生3.The University of Buffalo:布法罗大学,建校于1846年,位于水牛城(Buffalo City),属于纽约州立大学,因此称为纽约州立大学水牛城分校。
2014年职称英语综合完型填空绝版小抄(包括综合ABC)
第十五篇 Helen and Martin
256
criticize parents, but it can remind them of the Children can easily develop bad eating ones who can prevent it. 第十篇 Working Mol sigh, Helen turned away from the window and wa1ked back to her favourite armchair. Would her brother never arrive? For a brief moment, she wondered if she really cared that much. Over the years Helen had given up waiting for Martin to take an interest in her. Her feelings for him had gradually weakened until now, as she sat waiting for him, she experienced no more than a sister's. curiosity to see what had become of her brother.Almost without warning, Martin had lost, his job bothered to keep in touch through her course with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office. Somehow the two of them hadn't and, left alone, Helen had slowly found her confidence in her own judgment growing. Ignoring the wishes of her parents, she had left university halfway and now, to the astonishment of the whole family, she was gaining a fast-growing reputation in the pages of respected art magazines and was actually earning enough to live on from her paintings.Of course, she took no pleasure in Martin's sudden misfortune, but she couldn't 第十四篇 Family History help looking forward to her brother's arrival with quiet satisfaction at what she had achieved. In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being attracted to the idea of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by investigating their own family history. They can try to find out more about where their families came from and what they did. This is now a fast—growing hobby, especially in countries with a fairly short history, like Australia and the United States.It is one thing to spend some time going through a book on family history and to take the decision to investigate your own family's past. It is quite another to carry out the research work successfully. It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and cause yourself many problems which could have been avoided with a little forward planning. If your own family stories tell you that you are connected with a famous character, whether hero or criminal, do not let this idea take over your research. Just treat it as an interesting possibility. A simple system for collecting and storing your information will be adequate to start with; a more complex one may only get in your way. The most important thing, though, is to get started. Who knows what you might find? +第十三篇 The Old Gate 古老之门 reasons but another factor was the need to keep out diseases. The Old City of luck, it was never by the end of the 18th century. The last of In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive of London gates were all destroyed. This gate is, in Bar, and it marked the in anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious demolished London's gates was removed a century ago, but by a stroke
2014年职称英语真题及答案理工类B级(完形填空)
第6部分:完型填空(第51~65题,每题1分,共15分)下面的短文有15处空白,请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Underground Coal Fires——a Looming CatastropheCoal burning deep underground in China,India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life,scientists have warned,these large-scale undergroundblazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation,produce greenhouse gases and can even ignite forest first,a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association For the Advancement of Science in Denver.The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils,they warned.“Coal fires are a global catastrophe,”said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA,But surprisingly few people know about them.Coal can heat up on its own,and eventually catch fire and burn,if there is a continuous oxygen supply.The heat produced is not cause to disappear and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen,can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning.This can occur underground,in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported.Such fires in China consume up to200million tones of coal per year,delegates were told.In comparison,the U.S.economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually,said Stracher,whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology.Onceunderway,coal fires can burn for decades,even centuries.In the process,they release large volumes of greenhouse gases poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.The members of the panel discussed the impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change,cand agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to protect.Ultimately,the remote sensing and other techniques shouldallow scientists toestimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting.One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi,of the engineering firm Goodson,which has developed a heat-resistant grout(a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices),which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply.51.A house B underground C sky D water52.A only B even C just D then53.A release B paste C consumption D elimination54.A happily B traditionally C surprisingly D fashionably55.A exchange B regenerate C disappear D transfer56.A Most B Such C Some D Many57.A comparison B case C time D turn58.A which B who C whose D what59.A Yet B Unless C Although D Once60.A data B volumes C figures D images61.A attack B impact C identification D implication62.A develop B relieve C detect D supply63.A estimate B experiment C gather D illustrate64.A cause B method C treatment D rule65.A take up B back up C run out D cut off。
2014年职称英语综合类A级考试试题答案及解析(六)
职称英语综合类A级考试试题答案及解析(六)一、词汇选择(本大题15小题.每题1.0分,共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
)第1题We must abide by the rules.A. stick toB. persist inC. safeguardD. apply【正确答案】:A【本题分数】:1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 划线词意为“遵守(坚持)”,A项意为“坚持”,B项意为“坚持”,in表示“在……方面”,一般指坚持做某件事,后面不跟表示“原则”、“规则”、“合同” 等词,C项意为“保护,维护”,D项意为“申请”。
第2题She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart.A. naturalB. fatalC. tinyD. enormous【正确答案】:D【本题分数】:1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 划线词意为“广大的,巨大的”,D项意为“巨大的,庞大的”,A项意为“自然的,正常的”,B项意为“致命的,灾难性的;重大的,决定性的”,C项意为“微小的”。
第3题The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him.A. longB. never-endingC. boringD. extensive【正确答案】:B【本题分数】:1.0分【答案解析】[解析] B项意为“不停的,无限的”,A项意为“长(期)的(地);渴望”,C 项意为“令人厌烦的,无聊的”,例:He's likeable enough, but a bit boring. 他挺讨人喜欢,就是有点无聊。
D项意为“广大的,广阔的;广泛的”。
第4题She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.A. playB. sendC. showD. tell【正确答案】:C【本题分数】:1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 划线词意为“展示,展览”,C项意为“展示,表明”,A项意为“玩;播放”,例:I could hear music playing on the radio. 我听到收音机里演奏着音乐。
2014年职称英语《卫生A》真题答案解析
1答案:A 形容词。
hollow“空腹的;空的”,选项中只有empty同义,故选A。
本句的意思是:他因害怕而感到腹中空空。
sincere“真诚的;诚挚的”;respectful“恭敬的;有礼貌的”;terrible“可怕的”。
2答案:B 动词。
duplicate“复制;重复”,reproduce“复制;重现”,因此两词都意为“复制”,选B。
本句意为:最初的实验不能完全复制。
invent“发明、创造”;design“设计、构思”;report“报告”。
3 答案:B 动词。
span“持续”,与last同义,选B。
本句的意思是:他的职业生涯长达16年。
start“开始”;change“改变”;move“移动”。
4答案:B 名词。
deed“(所做的)事情;行为”,act“行为、行动”,两者同义,故选B。
本句意思是:她觉得她这一天做了好事。
homework“家庭作业”;Justice“公正;正义”;model“典型;模范”。
5答案:A 动词。
advocate意为“提倡、拥护”,support“支持、拥护”,两者同义,选A。
本句的意思是:该集团不主张使用暴力。
limit“限制、限定”;regulate“调节、控制”;oppose“反对;对抗”。
6答案:D 形容词。
stationary“静止的、不动的”,motionless“静止的、一动不动的”,两词同义,故选D。
本句意为:一些大鸟能在空中保持静止几分钟。
silent“安静的、寂静的”;seated“就座的;固定的”;true“正确的;真实的”。
7答案:A 名词。
inclination意为“倾向、趋向”,tendency与它同义,故选A。
本句意为:有一种趋向认为地理是一门次要的科学。
point“要点、重点”;result“结果”;finding“发现”。
8答案:A 形容词。
absurd“滑稽可笑的;荒谬的”,ridiculous“可笑的;荒谬的”,两词同义,故选A。
2014职称英语综合A模拟试题(二)答案及解析
2014职称英语综合A模拟试题(二)答案及解析第一部分:词汇选项ABDAA ACBBD ACADA第二部分:阅读判断16 B 第一段最后一句.Their research shows that persuasion is governed by several principles that can be taught and applied.提到实验者指出说服力是可以获得的,反驳了一些行政官员的假设。
17 A 第二段第一句,人们更愿意和自己类似的人合作。
18 C 原文未提到。
19 B 倒数第二段最后一句. So it's worth the time to uncover real similarities and offer genuine praise.要求管理人员对职工进行表扬。
20 B 最后一段第一句这个调查证实了人们的想法。
21 C 文章未提及。
22 A 全文最后一句Finally, people want more of a commodity when it's scarce; it follows, then, that exclusive information is more persuasive than widely available data.第三部分:概括大意与完成句子23 A A说的是:用X射线检查可能对年轻女人不好。
下面是第二段讲的意思:但是,用X 射线检查年轻女性,就医学上的好处而论,是有争议的,部分原因是辐射有诱发癌症的小小的危险。
另外,年轻女人乳房组织紧密,给予的X射线的剂量要多一些。
24 B B说的是:调查用X射线检查的结果。
第三段的第一句话是这么说的:Valencia理工大学的研究人员分析了11个社区诊所用X射线检查16万以上女性的结果。
可见B为正确的选项。
25 C C说的是:两种不同的模型预测的结果。
第四段讲的是,两种不同的数学模型在预测用X射线检查女性诱发癌症的结果是不一样的。
2014年理工类职称英语A级考试全真模拟题一(6)
2014年理工类职称英语A级考试全真模拟题一(6)2014年职称英语考试时间为2014年3月29日,考生们在备考的过程中切记要结合模拟题来练习,使自己的复习更加有效。
第6部分:完形填空阅读下面的短文,文中有l5处空白,每处空白给出了4个选项,请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案,涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
根据材料,回答问题。
The Greatest Mystery Of WhalesThe whale is a warm-blooded, air-breathing animal, giving birth to its young alive,sucking them -- and, like all mammals, originated on land. There are many front flippers(鳍状肢), used for steering and stability, are traces of feet,(51)__________of this. Its Immensestrength is (52)__________ into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale'sbody is one gigantic muscle. The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated (53)__________400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed (拖) a whaling vessel for sevenhours at the (54) __________ of eight knot (节).An angry whale will (55) __________ A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,(56)__________ was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently,steel ships have (57)__________their plates buckled (使弯曲) in the same way. Sperm whales (抹香鲸) were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.The greatest (58)__________ of whales is their diving ability. The sperm whale dives to theBottom for his (59)__________ food, the octopus (章鱼). In that search he is known to go as farDown as 3,200 feet, where the. (60)__________ is 1,400 pounds, to a square inch. Doing so hewill (61)__________ underwater long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this storing upenough (62) __________ (all whales are air-breathed) and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have not (63) __________. It is believed that some of the oxygen isstored in a special (64) of blood vessels, rather than just held in the lungs. And it isbelieved that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that _(65)__________adjusts the internal pressure of his body. But since you can't bring alive whale intothe laboratory for study, no one knows just how these things work.51、请在第__(51)__处填上正确答案。
2014年职称英语的完形填空部分
Captain Cook Arrow Legend(库克船长弓箭的传说) It was a great legend while it lasted, but DNA testing has finally ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook who died in the Sandwich Islands in 1779.“There is no Cook in the Australian Museum,”museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone. But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its exhibition, “Uncovered: Treasures of the Australian Museum,”which does include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain’s great explorers and is credited with discovering the “Great South Land,” now Australia, in 1770. He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands, now Hawaii.The legend of Cook’s arrow began in 1824 when Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams, a London surgeon and relative of Cook’s wife, saying it was made of Cook’s bone after the fatal fight with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued until it came face-to-face with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone but was more likely made of animal bone, said Philp.However, Cook’s fans refuse to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not all of Cook’s body was buried at sea in 1779. “On this occasion technology has won,”said Cliff Thornton, president of the Captain Cook Society, in a statement from Britain. “But I am sure that one of these days …one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.”Avalanche and Its Safety(雪崩和安全问题)An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are among the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope that supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is likely to cause an avalanche, is a complex task involving the evaluation of a numberof factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low risk of avalanche. Snow does not gather significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not flow easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow’s angle of rest is between35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb is : A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with use; that is , the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, thd more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous process, including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather conditions, and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also reduce the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid attention to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are missing or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.Giant Structures(巨型建筑)It is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modern world since every year more wonderful constructions appear.Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our admiration although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.The Petronas Twin TowerThe petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999.With a height of 452 metres;the tall twin owers,like two thin pencils,dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur.At the 41 flool,the towers are linked by a bridge,symbolizing a gateway to the city.The American architect Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers.Constructed of high-strength concrete,the building provides around 1800 square metres of office space on every floor.And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base.Other features of this impressive building include double-deckder lifts, and glass and steel sunshades.The Millau BridgeThe Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tarn Valley, in southern France. At the time it was built, it was the world’s highest bridge, reaching over 340m at the highest point. The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridge in the world. It was built to relieve Millau’s congestion problems. The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in Spain. The bridge was built to withstand the most extreme seismic and climatic conditions. Besides, it is guaranteed for 120 years!The Itaipu DamThe Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world. It consists of a series of dams across the River Parana, which forms a natural border between Brazil and Paraguay. Started in 1975 andbetween the two countries. The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguay’s and 25% of Brazil’s energy needs. In its construction, the amount of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers. It is a truly amazing wonder of engineering.Animal’s “Sixth Sense”(动物的”第六感”)A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals, however, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a “sixth sense” for disasters, experts said.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24000 people along the Indian Ocean island’s coast clearly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found.“No elephants are dead, not even a dead rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening,” H.D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka’s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The waves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka’s biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.“There has been a lot of apparent evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven,”said Matthew van lierop, an animal behavior specialist at Johannesburg Zoo.“There have been no specific studies because you can’t really test it in a lab or field setting,”he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this assessment.“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain phenomenon, especially birds…there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters,”said Clive Walker,Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators.The notion of an animal “sixth sense”– or some other mythical power –is an enduring one which the evidence on Sri Lanka’s ravaged coast is likely to add to.The Romans saw owls as omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind(警报器救盲人) If you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building –and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that with directional sound alarms capalbe of guiding you to the exit.Sound Alert, a company run by the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for blind people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria. The alarms produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the sound is coming from.Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be heard by humans. “It is a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static on the radio,” she says. “Its life-saving potential is great.”She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large smoke-filled room. It took them nearly four minutes to find the door without a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.Withington studies how the brain processes sounds at the university. She says that the source of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms based on the same concept have already beenThe alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up or down stairs. They were developed with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely(远程制止偷车贼) Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.For now, such devices are only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and should be available to ordinary cars in the UK in two months.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car incorporates a miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.There are even plans for immobilizers that shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.In the UK, an array of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,” says Martyn Rand all of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part by the motor insurance industry.He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.will not allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken by using the owner’s keys, which doubles the previous year’s figure.Remote-controlled immobilization system would put a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than thecustomer expects.An Intelligent Car(智能汽车)Driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain. Many human drivers have all these and can control a fast-moving car. But how does an intelligent car control itself?There is a virtual driver in the smart car. This virtual driver has “eyes”, “brains”, “hands”and “feet”, too. The minicameras on each side of the car are his “eyes”, which observe the road conditions ahead of it. They watch the traffic to the car’s left and right. There is also a highly automatic driving system in the car. It is the built-in computer, which is the virtual driver’s “brain”. His “brain” calculates the speeds of other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions. Basing on this information, it chooses the right path for the intelligent car, and gives instructions to the “hands” and “feet”to act accordingly. In this way, the virtual driver controls his car.What is the virtual driver’s best advantage? He reacts quickly. Theprocessing of the images within 100 milliseconds. However, the world’s best driver at least needs one second to react. Besides, when he takes action, he needs one more second.The virtual driver is really wonderful. He can reduce the accident rate considerably on expressways. In this case, can we let him have the wheel at any time and in amy place? Experts warn that we cannot do that just yet. His ability to recognize things is still limited . He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures(印度为什么需要濒临灭亡的秃鹰) The vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp decline in three species of India’s vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration. and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental problem. The dramatic decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the Same areas as the birds. It is also causing serious public health problems across the Indian sub-continent.While4their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians. vultures have long played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India clean. It is because they feed on dead cows. In India. cows are sacred animals and are traditionally left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.The disappearance of the vultures has led to an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals. There are fears that rabies may increase as a result.And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriers.Rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem in the future.The need for action is urgent , so an emergency project has been launchedidentify the disease causing the birds deaths and, if possible, develop a cure.Large-scale vulture deaths were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India. A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had. Declined by over 90 percent. All three species are now listed as“critically endangered”. As most vulture lay only single eggs and take about five years to reach maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.Wonder Webs(奇妙的网)Spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. And the world’s best web spinner may be the Golden Orb Weaver spider. The female Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet tough enough to snare a flying bird without breaking.The secret of the web’s strength? A type of super-resilient silk called dragline. When the female spider is ready to weave the web’s spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly. Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along it to spin the web’s trademark spiral.Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a Golden Orb Weaver reuses her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years. The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made material used in bullet-proof vests. And thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original length and snap back as well as new. No human-made fiber even comes close.It is no wonder manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk. In the consumerThink parachute cords and suspension bridge cables. A steady supply of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars –but how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not work because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors.Now, scientists at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline. The first step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders. Next, implant the genes into goat egg cells. The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their milk. “The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without any help from us,”says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner. Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers as fast as the real thing snags bugs.Chicken Soup for the Soul:Comfort Food Fights Lneliness(心灵鸡汤:爽心食品排解孤独感)Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries,but according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and emotions.The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel."For me personally ,food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study.The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel.It has looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions.Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones.Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect by making people think of their nearest and dearest.In one experiment, in order to make participants feel lonely, thethem.Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food.Finally ,the researchers had participants complete questions about their levels of loneliness.Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely.But people who were generally secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food."We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us."says Troisi."Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others."In their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the experience of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment, eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food.This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our connections with others," Troisi says."Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness.Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities (气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险)A new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao.She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and urban development.She wa rns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas,especially in developing countries.will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate.Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.These gases are known to affect the atmosphere.”Climate change is a deeply local issue and posesprofound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents." Cities are major sources of greenhouse gases.And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao’s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term benefits.The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat heavily paved cities more than surrounding areas.The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment.For example,a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution,causing widespread health problems.Poorer neighborhoods that may lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads,are especially vulnerable to natural disasters.Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing without access to reliable drinking water,roads and basic services.Local governments, therefore ,should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately,they tend to move towards rhetoric rather than meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands—off approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities..Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk (快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险)Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London suggest in a new study.Statins reduce the amount of unhealth y ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology,Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.Dr Francis,from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London,who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries.It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether.Bu t we’ve worked out that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fast food meal increases it.” “It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge.It would cost less than 5 pence per customer一not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said.When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take measures that lower their risk, 1ike wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light (更有效的太阳能系统:更多热量,更强灯光)Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.That’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it’s also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada.Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately, thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.“That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light—pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains, which is o ne of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don’t have to cool do wn thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce’sgroup discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they boosted the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters(鲨鱼有益于地球水系)It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy1. They are thought to attack people frequently. But these fish2 perform a valuable service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing3 are threatening their existence Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from EarthWarm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas because of their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas, where people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person fora sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the times when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.A shark has an extremely good sense of smell4' It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help sharks fred their food. Sharks eat fish, any other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense, and immune systems against disease. Researchers know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease. Sharks are important for the world's oceans They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters donot become too great This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage (“液化”是日本地震破坏的关键)The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction" that has surprised researchers with its widespread severity, a new analysis shows."We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to function. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their strength and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or collapse .But most earthquakes are much shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this."With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable."The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said,。
2014职称英语完形填空
第六篇 Car Thieves could Be Stopped RemotelySpeeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine 1off , he will not be able to start it again.For now, such devices 2 are only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and 3should be available to ordinary cars in the UK4in two months.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the carincorporates5a miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. 6Ifthe car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system andprevent the engine 7 being restarted.There are even plans for immobilizers 8that shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system. In the UK. an array of technical fixes is already making 9 life harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,” says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part 10 by the motor insurance industry. He says it would only take him a few minutes to 11 teach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not 12allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this 13 have helped achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken using the owner’s keys double the previous year’s figure.Remote-controlled immobilization system would 14put a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could goon the market sooner than the 15customer expects.第七篇 An intelligent carDriving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain. Many human drivers have all (1) these and can control a fast-moving car. But how does an intelligent car control itself?There is a virtual driver in the smart car. This virtual driver has “eyes,”“brains”,“hands” and “feet”,too. The mini-cameras (2) on each side of the car are his “eyes,” which observe the road and conditions ahead of it. They watch the (3) traffic to the car’s left and right. There is also a highly (4) automatic driving system in the car. It is the built-in computer, which is the virtual driver’s “brain. ”His “brain” calculates the speeds of (5) other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions. Basing on this information, it chooses the right (6) path for the intelligent cars, and gives (7) instructions to the “hands”and “feets”to act accordingly. In this way, the virtual driver controls his car.What is the virtual driver’s best advantage? He reacts (8) quickly. The mini-cameras are (9) sending images continuously to the “brain”. It (10) completes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds. However, the world’s best drier (11) at least needs one second to react.(12) Besides, when he takes action, he needs one more second.The virtual driver is really wonderful. He can reduce the accident (13) rate considerably on expressway. In this case. Can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place? Experts (14) warn that we cannot do that just yet. His ability to recognize things is still (15) limited. He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying VulturesThe vultures in question1may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp ldeclinein three species of India's vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration, and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental 2 problem. The dramatic Decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the same areas as the 3 birds .It is also causing serious public health problems4 acrossthe Indian sub-continent3.While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians, vultures have 5 long played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India clean. It is6 becausethey feed on dead cows. In India, cows are sacred animals and are7 traditionallyleft in the open6 when they die in their thousands upon thousands5 every year.The disappearance of the vultures has 8 led to an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals. There are fears that rabies may _ 9 increaseas a result. And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are itsmain carriers. Rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem inthe 10 future.The need for action is 11 urgent, so an emergency project has been launched to12 finda solution to this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to identify thedisease causing thebirds’deaths and,if possible,develop a cure.Large-scale vulture 13 deaths were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India. Apopulation survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined14byover 90 per cent. All three species are now listed as "critically endangered"8. As most vultures layonly single eggs and 15 take about five years to reach maturity,reversing their populationdecline will be a long and difficult exercise.第九篇Wonder WebsSpider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. And the world’s best web spinner may be the Golden Orb Weaver spider. The female Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet (1)toughenough to snare a flying bird without breaking.The secret of the web’s strength? A type of super-resilient (2)silkcalled dragline. When the female spider is ready to (3)weavethe web’s spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly. Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along (4)itto spin the web’s trademark spiral.恒星英语论坛Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a Golden Orb Weaver (5)reusesher handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years. The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made (6)materialused in bullet-proof vests. And thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original (7)lengthand snap back as well as new. No human-made fiber even comes (8)close .It is no (9)wondermanufacturers are clamoring for spider silk. In the consumer pipeline: High-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run. Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables. A steady (10)supplyof spider silk would be worth billions of dollars –but how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not (11)workbecause the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors.Now, scientists at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline. The (12)firststep: extract silk-making genes from the spiders. Next, implant the genes into goat egg cells. The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their (13)milk . “The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without (14)anyhelp from us,” says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner. Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers (15)as fast asthe real thing snags bugs.第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul:Comfort Food Fights LonelinessMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries.1 butaccording to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and2emotions.The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel."For me3 personally,food has always played a big role in my family,”says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study.The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel.It has4looked atnon-human things that may affect human emotions.Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their5favoriteTV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones.Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6 bymaking peoplethink of their nearest and dearest.In one experiment, in order to make7 participantsfeel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them.Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each8group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food.9 Finally,the researchers had participants10 completequestions about their levels of loneliness.Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely.But people who were generally 11securein their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food."We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us."says Troisi."Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others."In 12their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13 experienceof eating food with family and friends.In another experiment,14eatingchicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food.This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our15connectionswith others," Troisi says."Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness.。
2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载解析
第一篇Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their 1 .Two million people die 2 it. The disease has 3 with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to 4 a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop 5 they feel better. Doing that can 6 to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how 7 it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients 8.It would also mean 9 infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They 10 the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might 11 about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these 12 would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization 13 the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make 14 they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research 15 new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.注释:1.World Health Organization (WHO):世界卫生组织2.Harvard University ( = Harvard):(美国)哈佛大学3.DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course):短期直接观察治疗4.Global Alliance for TB Drug Development:全球结核病药物开发联盟练习:1. A. kidneys B. lungs C. bones D. livers2. A. with B. without C. of D. out of3. A. increased B. decreased C. changed D. disappeared4. A. make B. take C. try D. test5. A. as if B. as though C. as far as D. as soon as6. A. refer B. apply C. lead D. amount7. A. effective B. ineffective C. expensive D. inexpensive8. A. cured B. to cure C. being cured D. having been cured9. A. many B. more C. few D. fewer10.A. provided B. introduced C. tested D. tempted11.A. bring about B. contributed to C. promote D. prevent12.A. increases B. reductions C. creations D. collections13.A. developed B. invented C. delayed D. refused14. A. easy B. uneasy C. sure D. unsure15. A. with B. to C. onto D. into答案与题解:1.B结核病多发于肺部,这是一般的常识。
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第六部分完形填空1. A Life with BirdsA Life with BirdsFor nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders, __1__ known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the __2__ of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. "__3__ our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.The Tower of London is famous __4__ its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was __5__ the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no __6__ in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always __7__ of the fact that I am __8__ a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to __9__ sure this doesn't happen!"David_10_about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the _11__ that he lives right next to them is ideal. "I can _12__ a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working." __13__, David's wife Mo was not __14__ on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. "When we look out of our windows, we see history __15__ around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories."注释:1. ...from our bedroom we have a marvellous view of ... :从我们的卧室看去,有一个奇妙的角度。
2. ... keen on the idea of life in the Tower..: 热衷于塔里的生活练习:1. A. more B. better C. sooner D. very2. A. height B. summit C. peak D. top3. A. Since B. Out C. From D. Through4. A. for B. because C. of D. by5. A. award B. applied C. presented D. offered6. A. regret B. delay C. hesitation D. choice7. A. aware B. knowing C. pleased D. delighted8. A. holding B. maintaining C. surviving D. lasting9. A. take B. make C. have D. keep10. A. devotes B. spends C. passes D. provides11. A. reason B. chance C. opportunity D. fact12. A. hold B. have C. keep D. put13. A. Firstly B. First of all C. At first D. First14. A. interested B. keen C. fond D. happy15. A. every B. all C. much D. so答案与题解:1. B 根据上下文,这里应选择比较级,所以排除D,再根据句意,为“更为人所熟知”,因而better 是正确答案。
2. D 根据句意,词组搭配at the top of ,表示在……顶部最为合适。
Height 意为“高度“,summit 意为“最高点”,peak 意为“顶峰“,所以选D。
3. C 根据句意,从卧室的角度看去,from 最为恰当。
4. A 固定搭配be famous for 意为“以……而著名”,文中要表达的是伦敦塔以乌鸦而著名,因而for 为正确答案。
5. D 根据句意,David 是被提供了这样一个职位,所以offered 最为恰当award 表示“授予”,applied 表示“应用”,presented 表示“给予,呈现“,均不符合句意。
6. C 根据上下文,很容易理解David 是这么迷恋这种黑鸟,因而毫不犹豫地接受了这个职位,所以hesitation 为正确答案。
7. A be aware of 表示“意识到”,有这样一命警觉。
其他三项均不符合句意。
8. B 固定搭配maintain a tradition ,保持一个传统,maintain 最为恰当。
hold 表示“抓住”,survive 表示“存活,幸存”,last 表示“维持”。
9. B 固定搭配make sure,意为“确保”,在文中表达的是“确保这种状况不会发生“,因而选B。
10. A 根据句意,David 每天大约用四个小时来护理乌鸦,表达出对乌鸦的爱护之情,devote “献身于……,专用于……”最为恰当。
spend 后需加动词ing 形式。
pass 表示“经过”,provide 表示“提供”,均不符合句意。
11. D 这是一个定语从句,根据句意,David 已经爱上了它们,而他正居住在它们旁边(这样一个事实)是理想的,所以fact 是正确答案。
12. C keep an eye on 为固定搭配,意为“注意,关注”,所以选C。
13. C 根据句意,作者要表达的意思是起初,David 的妻子Mo 并不感兴趣,因为只有词组at first 表示“起初,开始时”符合句意。
14. B be keen on 为固定搭配,表示“对……感兴趣,对……热衷”,interest 后面配介词in ,fond 后应配介词of ,因此正确答案是B。
15. B 根据句意,作者表达的感情非常强烈,过去的那些都环绕在身边,所以all 为最佳答案。
译文:有鸟陪伴的生活作为伦敦塔的守卫者之一David Cope在那里工作了近17年,被游客们称为Beefeaters。
David,64岁,生活在Byward塔顶部的一个三居室的单元里,一个警卫室。
David说:“从我们的卧室看去,我们可以看到伦敦塔桥和泰晤士河的一个美好景色。
”伦敦塔以大黑色的鸟——乌鸦而著名,它们已经在那里生活了三个多世纪。
David立刻被这种鸟迷住了,当他在八年前被提供乌鸦主人的职位时他毫不犹豫地接受了它。
“这种鸟类现在已经成为我的生命,我总是警觉到我在保持一个传统。
传说中说,如果乌鸦离开伦敦塔,英国将落到敌人手中,我的工作就是确保这种情况不会发生!”David每天大约用四个小时的时间来护理乌鸦。
他已经爱上了它们,而他紧挨在它们的旁边生活是最佳选择。
“我可以在所有的时间内密切关注它们,不仅仅是在工作的时候。
”起初,David的妻子Mo对生活在塔里的想法并不热衷,但David明年即将退休,她要离开时也会很伤心。
“当我们透过我们的窗口向外看,我们看到历史环绕在我们身边,我们正接受它并为我们未来的记忆存储它。
”2. A Lucky BreakA Lucky BreakActor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when he's 1 sport. In the film Play It to the Bone he 2 the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson.3 the making of the film Harrelson4 complaining that the fight5 weren't very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn't6 on the idea at first, but he was7 persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his8 was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas9 hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing "silly macho games". "She was right," confesses Banderas, "and I was a fool to 10 a risk like that in the middle of a movie."He was 11 of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always12 of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. "That's when I decided to take 13 acting; I saw it as 14 way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football 15 was, you might say, my first lucky break."词汇:middleweight / 'midlweit/ n. 中量级拳击手convincing /k?n'vinsi?/ a.有说服力的,令人信服的furious /'fju:ri?s/ a. 暴怒的,强烈的macho / 'mɑ:t??u/ a. 雄壮的,男子气概的confess / k?n'fes/ v. 承认,坦白注释:1. ... plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside ... :……与……并肩,扮演一个中量级拳击手……2. ... was reminded of the time ... :......想起……的时候……练习:1. A) practising B) making C) doing D) losing2. A) plays B) does C) gives D) fights3. A) When B) As C) While D) During4. A) kept B) continued C) carried D) insisted5. A) actions B) matches C) scenes D) stages6. A) interested B) keen C) enthusiastic D) happy7. A) lastly B) eventually C) at the end D) after8. A) competitor B) contender C) opponent D) participant9. A) very B) more C) such D) so10. A) take B) make C) have D) get11. A) remembered B) reminded C) recorded D) replayed12. A) hoped B) pretended C) dreamed D) looked forward13. A) up B) on C) to D) over14. A) further B) additional C) different D) another15. A) match B) pitch C) court D) course答案与题解:1. C 根据句意,每次骨折似乎总是发生在做运动时,应当选用动词do 0 practise 表示“练习”,后面应跟某一项具体的训练,而不是sport,所以正确答案为C。