2014年全国职称英语等级考试综合类(B级)试题及答案

2014年职称英语考试综合类B级试题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.
A. point
B. tendency
C. result d. finding
2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.
a. amazing
b. depressing
c. predictable
d. dull
3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.
a. furnish
b. copy
c. publish
d. summarize
4. The group does not advocate the use of violence.
a. limit
b. regulate
c. oppose
d. support
5. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicate.
a. reproduced
b. invented
c. designed
d. reported
6. The department deferred the decision for six months.
a. put off
b. arrived at
c. abided by
d. protested against
7. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.
a. eased
b. appeared
c. improved
d. relieved
8. The uniform makes the guards look absurd.
a. serious
b. ridiculous
c. beautiful
d. impressive
9. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.
a. silent
b. motionless
c. seated
d. true
10. The country was torn apart by strife.
a. poverty
b. war
c. conflict
d. economy
11. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.
a. act
b. homework
c. justice
d. model
12. A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.
a. equal
b. certain
c. large
d. opposite
13. His professional career spanned 16 days.
a. started
b. changed
c. moved
d. lasted
14. His stomach felt hollow with fear.
a. sincere
b. respectful
c. terrible
d. empty
15. This was disaster on a cosmic scale.
a. modest
b. huge
c. commercial
d. national
参考答案：bdada abbbc adddb
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

"Wanna buy a body?" That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S. News. Like many in the mainstream press, I wanted to separate the world of photographers into "them", who trade in pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana, and "us", the serious news people. But after 16 years in that role, I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.
Working in the reputable world of journalism, I told photographers to cover other people's difficult life situations. I justified marching into moments of sadness, under the appearance of the reader's right to know.
I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines. And I wasn't alone.
In any American town, after a car crash or some other horrible incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to take photos of the blood and injuries. But you are likely to see local newspaper and television photographers on the scene –and fast…
How can we justify doing this? Journalists are taught to separate, doing the job from worrying about the consequences of publishing what they record. Repeatedly, they are reminded of a news-business saying: Leave your conscience in the office, A victim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead. Your job is to record the image (图象). You're a photographer, not an emergency medical worker. You put away your feelings and document the scene.
But catastrophic events often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editors. In the first minutes and hours after a disaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. They rush to obtain the rights to be the only one to own these shocking images and death is usually the subject. Often, an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and puts it up for bid by major magazines. The most sought-after special pictures command tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests.
I worked on all those stories and many like them. When they happen, you move quickly: buying, dealing, trying to beat the agencies to the pictures.
Now, many people believe journalists are the hypocrites(伪君子)who need to be brought down, and it's our pictures that most anger others. Readers may not believe, as we do, that there is a distinction between clear-minded "us" and mean-spirited "them". In too many cases, by our
choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right.
16. The writer never got an offer for a photograph of a dead person.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. The writer was a photographer sixteen years ago.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. The writer believes that shooting people’s nightmares is justifiable.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. News photographers are usually a problem for secure workers at an accident.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Journalists aren’t supposed to think about whether they are doing the right thing.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. Editors sometimes have to pay a lot of money for exclusive pictures.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. Many people say that they are annoyed by the US News pictures.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
参考答案：BBACBAA
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

The Storyteller
1. Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tell as many great stories to as many people as will listen. And that’s what he has always been about. The son of a computer scientist and a pianist, Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and, later, Arizona. From the very beginning, his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking.
2. Even decades later, Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggest hits. He believes that E.T. is the result of the difficult years leading up to his parent’s 1966 divorce, “It is really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life.”“He was sca red of just about everything,” recalls his mother, Leah Adler. “When trees brushed against the house, he would head into my bed. And that’s just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist.”
3. Spielberg was 11 when he first got his ha nds on his dad’s movie camera and began shooting short flicks about flying saucers and World War ΙΙ battles. Spielberg’s talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, Spielberg became the center of attention. “Steven would start telling his ghost stories,” says Richard Y. Hoffman Jr., leader of Troop 294, “and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear it.”
4. Spielberg moved to California with his father and went to high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood. Spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non-credit internship(实习)in Hollywood. Soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. He never looked back.
5. Now, many years later, Spielberg is still telling stories with as much passion as the kid in the tent. Ask him where he gets his ideas, Spielberg shrugs. “The process for me is mostly intuitive (凭直觉的),” he says. “There are films that I feel I need to make, for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, for reasons that I want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that I think my kids will like it. And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of money, like the sequel(续集) to Jurassic Park.”
23.Paragraph 1___F___
24. Paragraph 2____A_____
25. Paragraph 3____E_____
26. Paragraph 4____D_____
A. Inspirations for his movies
B. The trouble of making movies
C. A funny man
D. Getting into the movie business
E. Telling stories to make friends
F. An aim of life
27. Some of Spielberg’s most successful movies came from ____E___
28. When Spielberg was a boy, he used to be scared of ____A_____
29. Spielberg is very good at _____B____
30. Spielberg says he makes movies for ____C____
A. almost everything
B. telling scary stories
C. a number of reasons
D. making children laugh
E. his childhood memories
F. a lot of money
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇The National Trust
The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public'. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.
The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's "Country House Scheme”. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses2. Last year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.
In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop 'or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.
So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.
(出处：2014年职称英语教材综合类阅读判断第十四篇)
31. The national trust is a ____
A. government agency depending on voluntary service.
B. non-profit organization depending on voluntary service
C. government department but is not rich.
D. private organization supported by the government
32. The National Trust is dedicated to
A. preserving the best public enjoyment
B. providing the public with free access to historic buildings
C. offering better services to visitors home and abroad
D. protecting tho unspoiled countryside and historic buildings." n/
33. We can infer from paragraph 2 that Lord Lothion ____
A. donated all his money to the Trust
B. started the Country House Scheme
C. saved many old country houses in Britain
D. was influential in his time
34. All the following can be inferred from the passage except _____
A. the trust more interested in protecting the 16 century houses
B. many people came to visit the historic houses saved by the Trust
C. visitors can yet free access tu some places owned by the Trust
D. the Trust has a history which is longer than 80 years.
35. The word “invade” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. come in without permission
B. enter with invitation
C. visit in large number
D. appear 3'l of a sudden
第2篇How we form first impression
We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her – aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.
The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information –the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming “signals”are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex (大脑皮层)system to determine what these new signals “mean”.
If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe”. “If you see someone new, it says, “new—potentially threatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this str anger with other “known” memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up.
The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I am intrigued.” Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures –like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But theses preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong.
When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people – their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character – we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.
However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to
be humane.
36. Our first impression of some one new is influenced by his or her _____
A. past experience
B. character
C. facial features
D. hobbies
37. If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is mostly likely to say____
A. “He is familiar and safe”
B. “He is new and potentially threatening”
C. “I like this person”
D. “This is new I don't like this person”
38. The word “preliminary” means ____
A. simplistic
B. stereotypical
C. initial
D. categorical
39. Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because _____
A. we neglect their depth and breadth
B. they are not all locks, peeks, or freaks
C. our thinking is similar to that of a very young child
D. our judgment is always wrong
40. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A. One’s physical appearance can influence our first impression
B. our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain
C. Stereotypical impressions can be dead wrong
D. We should adopt mature thinking when getting to know people
第3篇A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer Post-menopausal (绝经后) women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report, which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.
A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993, so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.
They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of the women, 47%said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.
Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.”
Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said: “This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.”
She added:”W e know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast ca ncer.”
41. All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________
A. breathing exercise
B. regular walking
C. recreational activity
D. lifestyle choices
42. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel’s study that____.
A. women have fewer chances of physical activity
B. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer
C. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk
D. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer
43. Dr. Alpa Patel was_____.
A. head of the survey study
B. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology
C. chair of the American Cancer Society
D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign
44. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.
B. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.
C. Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women
D. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in
post-menopausal women
45. The word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to?
A. continuable
B. affordable
C. available
D. persistent
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

Wrongly convinced man and his accuser tell their stories
NEW YORK,NY, January 5,2010. St.Martin’s Press has announced the release of the paperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true
story of what novelist John Grisham calls an “account of violence, rage, redemption(救赎)，and, ultimately forgiveness.”
The story began in 1987, in Burlington, North Carolina, with the rape of a young while college student named Jennifer Thompson. During her ordeal(折磨), Thompson swore(发誓) to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist(强奸犯), a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted(攻击) her brutally. During the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos(纹身)，or other identifying marks. ( 46 ) When the police asked her if she could identify the assailant (袭击者) from a book of mug shots(嫌疑犯照片), she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identified the same man in a lineup(行列).
Based on her convincing eye witness testimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for two life terms. Cotton’s lawyer appealed the decision(提出上诉), and by the time of the appeals hearing(上诉听证会), evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole. Another trial was held. ( 47 ) Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her.
Eleven years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated(证明??清白)Cotton and just as unequivocally(明确地) convicted Poole, who
confessed to the crime. Thompson was shocked and devastated(使震惊) ( 48 ) “The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man who was inches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul,” she wrote. “And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent.”
Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally. ( 4 9 ) Remarkably both were able to put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, and write a book, which they have subtitled “Our memoir(回忆录) of injustice and redemption(拯救).”
Nevertheless, Thom pson says, she still lives “with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly. I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital (可判死刑的)case. (50 ______)”
A. Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally.
B. Many criminals are sent to prison on the basis of accurate testimony by eyewitnesses.
C. I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital case
D. Another trial was held.
E. Thompson was shocked and devastated.
F. During the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos (纹身), or other identifying marks.
参考答案：46.E 47.A 48.C 49.D 50.B
第6部分：完形填空(第52～65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Obesity Causes Global Warming
The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming.
This (51) conclusion comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois, US, and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study
(52) calculates how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. It (53) means an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.
There has been (54) calls for taxes on junk food in recent years.
US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food
(55) delivered to people's cars." We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost," Schmidt said. "Similarly, leading a lazy life style will end (56) up costing taxpayers more."
US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such (57) claims are getting attention.
At the US Obesity Society's annual meeting, one
person(58) correlated obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship. "The funny thing was that everyone took it (59)seriously." Oliver said.
In a 1960s study, children were (60) shown drawings of children with disabilities and without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked (61) which they would want for a friend? The obese child was picked last.
Three researchers recently repeated the study (62) using college students. Once again, (63) almost no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. "Obesity was stigmatized." the researchers said.
But, researchers say, getting (64) thin is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different. But, not because obese people don't care. Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight. Genes also (65) play a part.。