流行病学专业英语词汇

流行病学专业英语词汇 A 安慰剂Placebo 安慰剂效应placebo effects B 把握度study power 半试验semi-trial 保护率protective rate ，PR 报告偏倚reporting bias 暴露exposure 暴露标志exposure marker 暴露怀疑偏倚exposure suspicion bias 爆发调查outbreak survey 被动监测passive surveillance 比例研究proportional study 比值比Odds Ratio ，OR 必需病因necessary factor of cause 标点地图spot map 标化比例死亡比standardized proportional mortality ratio，SPMR 标化比值比standardized odds ratio，SOR 标化死亡比standardized mortality ratio，SMR 标准化standardization 标准化率比standardized rate ratio，SRR "冰山"现象ice-berg phenomenon 丙型肝炎hepatitis C，HC 并联试验parallel test 病毒性肝炎viral hepatitis 病例报告case report 病例-病例研究case-case study 病例调查case survey 病例对照研究case-control study 病例交叉设计case-crossover design 病例交叉研究case-crossover study 病例-系列研究case-series study 病死率fatality rate 病因causation of disease 病因的异质性etiological heterogeneity 病因分值etiologic fraction，EF 病因链chains of causation 病因网web of causation 不合格ineligibility 不依从noncompliance C 测量偏倚measurement bias 长期变异secular change，trend variation 超额死亡率excess mortality 超额危险度excess risk 巢式病例对照研究nested case-control study 成本效果分析cost -effectiveness analysis 成本效益分析cost-benefit analysis 成本效用分析cost-utility 成组匹配category matching 抽样调查sampling survey 抽样框架sampling frame 抽样误差sampling error 出生队列birth cohort 出生队列分析法birth cohort analysis 初级卫生保健primary health care ，PHC 传播概率transmission probability 传播机制mechanism of transmission 传播途径path of transmission 传播途径transmission route 传播因素transmitting factor 传染病communicable diseases 传染过程infectious process 传染性infectiousness 串联试验serial test 粗死亡率crude death rate改成crude mortality rate 较好 粗一致性crude agreement 促成病因contributory factor of cause 错分偏倚misclassification bias 错误分类misclassification D 大骨节病Kashin-Beck disease 大流行pandemic 代表性representativeness 单倍型haplotype 单纯随机抽样simple random sampling 单盲single blind 单项筛检single screening 等位基因allele 等位基因频率gene frequency 地方病endemic diseases 地方病学Endemiology 地方性endemicity 地方性氟中毒endemic fluorosis 地方性砷中毒endemic arsenism 点突变point mutation 点源流行point source epidemic 碘缺乏病iodine deficiency disease 调查随访研究survey follow-up study 调整一致性adjusted agreement 丁型肝炎hepatitis D，HD 动态人群dynamic population 毒力virulence 短期波动irregular variation，rapid fluctuation 队列cohort 队列研究cohort study 对象报告偏倚report bias 多归因程序的方法Multiple imputation procedure 多国心血管病趋势和决定因素监测 Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants inardiovascular Diseases，MONICA 多级抽样multistage sampling 多群组比较研究multi-group comparison study 多态性polymorphism 多项筛检multiple screening E 恶性肿瘤流行病学cancer Epidemiology 二代侵袭率，续发率secondary attack rate，SAR 二级预防secondary prevention F 发病率incidence rate，morbidity 发病密度incidence density 发病密度incidence density 发生率研究incidence study 飞沫droplet 飞沫核droplet nuclei 非即时性non-concurrent 非均衡性错分differential misclassification 非连续性状Discrete traits 肺炎与流感死亡率pneumonia and influenza deaths，即P&I deaths 分层stratification 分层抽样stratified sampling 分层随机分组stratified randomization 分类变量categorical variable 分离分析segregation analysis 分子流行病学Molecular Epidemiology 封闭性抗体blocking antibodies 氟斑牙dental fluorosis 氟骨症skeletal fluorosis 负混杂negative confounding 复等位基因位点multiple alles 复杂性状complex trait G 概念框架conceptual framework 干预随访研究intervention follow-up study 感染储主reservoir of infection 感染来源source of infection 感染力infectivity 感染谱spectrum of infection 感染梯度gradient of infection 感染性腹泻infectious diarrhea 感染性腹泻病infectious diarrheal disease 感染症infections or infectious diseases 高危人群策略high risk strategy 个案case 个案调查case study 个案调查individual survey 个体匹配individual matching 工程干预engineering intervention 共变法method of concomitant variation 共显性codominance 构成比proportion 固定队列fixed cohort 故意伤害intentional injuries 关联的合理性plausibility of association 关联的可重复性consistency of association 关联的强度strength of association 关联的时间性temporality of association 关联的特异性specificity of association 关联的一致性coherence of association 观察偏倚observational bias 观察性研究observational study 观察一致率observation agreement 广义遗传度broad heritability 归因危险度attributable risk 归因危险度百分比attributable risk percent，ARP，或AR% 国际病毒分类委员会International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses，ICTV 国际冠心病预防工作组 The International Task Force for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease 国际疾病分类第十版International Classification of Diseases，ICD-10 国家结核病防治项目National Tuberculosis Program，NTP 国家卫生统计中心the National Center for Health Statistics，NCHS H 合作率cooperation rate 核心家系Nuclear families 横断面研究cross sectional analysis 横断面研究cross-sectional study 患病率prevalence rate 回顾性研究retrospective studies 回忆偏倚recall bias 混合型流行mixed epidemic 混合研究mixed study 混杂confounding 混杂偏倚confounding bias 混杂因素confounder，confounding factor 活跃病区active endemic area 获得性免疫缺陷综合症acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS 霍桑效应Howthorne effect J 机遇chance 基本繁殖率basic reproduction rate 基本繁殖数basic reproductive number，R0 基本人群base population or population at risk 基线信息baseline information 基因gene 基因毒性genotoxic 基因型Genotyping 基因型频率genotype frequency 及时性timeliness 疾病爆发disease outbreak 疾病标志Markers of disease 疾病的分布distribution of disease 疾病的自然史natural history of disease 疾病监测surveillance of disease 疾病链the disease chain 剂量反应关系dose-response relationship 季节性seasonal variation，seasonality 继发关联secondary association 家庭簇研究family cluster study 家庭聚集性Familial aggregation 家庭聚集性研究familial aggregation study 家庭相似性Family resemblance 家系研究pedigree study 甲型肝炎hepatitis A，HA 假阳性率false positive rate 假阴性率false negative rate 间接传播indirect transmission 间接关联indirect association 间接接触indirect contact 检出症侯偏倚detection signal bias 简单随机分组simple randomization 简明损伤定级法abbreviated injury scale，AIS 健康促进health promotion 健康工作者效应healthy worker effect 健康监测系统health information system，HIS 健康生命损失年years of life lived with disability，YLLD 教育干预educational intervention 结局outcome 结局变量outcome variable 截断点cutoff 金标准gold standard 经济干预economic intervention 经节肢动物媒介vector-borne 经空气air-borne 经食物food-borne 经饮水drinking water-borne 经载体vehicle-borne 精确性precision 聚合酶链式反应polymerase chain reaction，PCR 均衡性错分non-differential misclassification 均数回归趋势regression to the mean K 抗原漂移antigenic drift 抗原转变antigenic shift 克山病Keshan disease 空间、时间集研究space-time cluster study 扩大免疫计划expanded program on immunization，EPI L 来源同一identity by descent，IBD 类试验，准试验quasi-trial，quasi-experiment 类推法method of analogy 累积发病率cumulative incidence 罹患率attack rate 礼貌偏倚politeness bias 理论流行病学theoretical epidemiology 历史性historical 连锁linkage 连锁不平衡linkage disequilibrium 连锁分析Linkage analysis 连锁平衡linkage equilibrium 联合无应答偏倚combined nonrespondent bias 联系率contact rate 临床试验clinical trial 灵敏度sensitivity 领先时间偏倚lead time bias 流感病毒influenza virus 流行epidemic 流行病模型epidemic model 流行病学epidemiology 流行病学监测epidemiological surveillance 流行病学实验epidemiological experiment 流行过程epidemic process 流行曲线epidemic curve 流行性出血热epidemic hemorrhagic fever，EHF 流行性感冒Influenza 流行性肾病nephropathia epidemica，NE 率rate 率比rate ratio 率差rate difference，RD 轮状模式wheel mode M 蔓延流行propagated or progressive epidemic 盲法blindness 美国国家胆固醇教育规划National Cholesterol Education Program，NCEP 描述流行病学descriptive epidemiology 描述性研究descriptive study 目标人群target population N 内暴露剂量Internal Dose 内部有效性internal validity 内剂量internal dose 内剂量的测定internal dose meters 纳入/排除偏倚inclusion/exclusion bias 奈曼偏倚Neyman bias P 排除exclusions 排除法method of exclusion 排除偏倚exclusive bias 配对pair matching "皮鞋"流行病学shoeleather epidemiology 匹配matching 匹配变量matching variable 匹配过头overmatching 匹配因素matching factors 偏倚bias 频数匹配frequency matching 普查census Q 前瞻性prospective 8 前瞻性研究prospective study 潜伏期incubation period 潜隐期latent period 潜在工作损失年数Working Years of Potential Life Lost，WYPLL 潜在价值损失年数Valued Years of Potential Life Lost，VYPLL 潜在寿命损失年potential years of life lost，PYLL 强制干预enforcement intervention 求同法method of agreement 求异法method of difference 全人群策略population strategy 缺课天数days lost from school 缺勤天数days lost from work 缺失数据missing data 确定性检验explicit testing 确定性模型deterministic model R 人传人person to person spread 人类传染病anthroponosis 人类基因组计划human genome project 人类免疫缺陷病毒human immunodeficiency virus，HIV 人群population 人群病因分值population etiologic fraction，PEF 人群的分层population stratification 人群归因危险度population attributable risk，PAR 人群归因危险度百分比population attributable risk percent，PARP 或PAR% 人群免疫性herd immunity 人群易感性herd susceptibility 人兽共患病，动物传染病zoonosis 人畜共患病anthropozoonosis 日期型date type 入院率偏倚（伯克森偏倚）admission rate bias （Berkson's bias）。