06翻译格式
最新外文文献翻译格式范例
外文文献翻译格式范例本科毕业设计(外文翻译)外文参考文献译文及原文学院信息工程学院专业信息工程(电子信息工程方向)年级班别 2006级(4)班学号 3206003186学生姓名柯思怡指导教师 ______ 田妮莉 _ __2010年6月目录熟悉微软SQL Server (1)1Section A 引言 (1)2Section B 再谈数据库可伸缩性 (4)3Section C 数据库开发的特点 (7)Get Your Arms around Microsoft SQL Server (9)1Section A Introduction to SQL Server 2005 (9)2Section B Database Scalability Revisited (13)3Section C Features for Database Development (17)熟悉微软SQL Server1 Section A 引言SQL Server 2005 是微软SQL生产线上最值得期待的产品。
在经过了上百万个邮件,成百上千的规范说明,以及数十次修订后。
微软承诺SQL Server 2005 是最新的基于Windows数据库应用的数据库开发平台。
这节的内容将指出SQL Server 2005产品的一些的重要特征。
SQL Server 2005几乎覆盖OLTP及OLAP技术的所又内容。
微软公司的这个旗舰数据库产品几乎能覆盖所有的东西。
这个软件在经过五年多的制作后,成为一个与它任何一个前辈产品都完全不同的产品。
本节将介绍整个产品的大部分功能。
当人们去寻求其想要的一些功能和技术时,可以从中提取出重要的和最感新区的内容,包括SQL Server Engine 的一些蜕变的历史,以及各种各样的SQL Server 2005的版本,可伸缩性,有效性,大型数据库的维护以及商业智能等如下:●数据库引擎增强技术。
SQL Server 2005 对数据库引擎进行了许多改进,并引入了新的功能。
外文翻译规范要求及模版格式
外文翻译规范要求及模版格式
外文中文翻译规范要求及模板格式可以根据具体需求和要求有所不同,以下是一般常见的外文中文翻译规范要求及模板格式:
1.规范要求:
-符合语法、语言规范和语义准确性;
-译文流畅自然,符合中文表达习惯;
-忠实准确地传达原文信息;
-注意统一使用特定的术语翻译;
-文章结构、段落、标题等要与原文一致;
-保持适当的篇幅,不过度增加或删减内容;
-遵守保密原则。
2.模板格式:
-文章标题(与原文保持一致,可放在正文上方);
-标题(与原文保持一致);
-段落(与原文保持一致,首行缩进);
-字体(常用宋体或黑体,一般字号12或14);
-行间距(一般1.5倍,可根据需要调整);
-页边距(上下左右均为2.5厘米);
-段落间距(一般1.5倍,可根据需要调整);
以上是一般常见的外文中文翻译规范要求及模板格式,具体要求和格式可以根据具体的翻译项目和要求进行调整。
在翻译过程中,保持准确、流畅、专业是非常重要的。
外文翻译格式
外文翻译原文1(中文宋体、英文Times New Roman Title of media choices, especially the Internet, prestige.Author (宋体小四顶格):Nationality (宋体小四顶格):Originate from (宋体小四顶格):译文1(中文宋体、英文Times New Roman译文标题作者国籍(宋体小四顶格):出处(宋体小四顶格):附件3外文翻译原文1Information technology capability and valueInformation technology (IT) has become an essential element of firm capability and a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Although it is widely accepted that IT resources contribute to performance and future growth potential of the firm, the empirical results of the relationship between IT capability and firm performance is still ambiguous [1,2]. The unavailability of publicly available data, the accelerated pace of IT innovation,the possible interactive effects betweenHypothesis 2 predicts that the relationship between human capital investment and firm performance will be positive and results from all the five models strongly support this hypothesis.Alternative Hypotheses 3A and 3B predict the possible interaction effects of IT capability and human capital investment on firm performance. Results from Models 1, 2 and 3 support Hypothesis 3B.……作者:Zorayda Ruth B.Andam国籍:菲律宾出处:Amercan Management Association译文1信息技术能力和价值创造:来自美国银行业的实证信息技术已成为企业能力的一个重要组成部分和可持续竞争优势的资源之一。
英文翻译格式示例
这是翻译的示例,字体字号行间距等格式请参照此例。
文档中不能有错别字,文字语句通顺、流畅,叙述简明扼要,思路要清晰,层次要清楚;要符合学校规定的撰写及排版格式要求,无低级错误。
一种关于注射成型改进的粗糙集方法浇注方案设计F. Shi,Z. L. Lou,J.G. Lu and Y. Q. Zhang译者:★★★,材型07-2班 2007000000摘要:在一个注塑模具中,浇口是最重要的功能结构之一,因为它对于注塑产品质量有直接影响。
浇口方案设计包括闸门和计算的大小和位置类型选择,这取决于以前的经验和知识也包括试验和错误的过程。
由于模糊性和不确定性,在一个浇口方案设计,经典粗集理论是不能奏效的。
在此提出了一种模糊粗集模型建议,这不等同于关系为基础,但跟模糊相似关系。
归纳学习算法基于模糊粗集模型(FRILA),然后提出的。
相比决策树算法,这种建议算法可以产生更少的分类规则,而且,生成的规则更加简明。
最后,智能原型的浇口控系统的方案设计基于诱导模糊的知识基础已开发。
一个说明性例子证明了该方法的有效性。
关键词:模糊粗集;浇注计划;注塑模具;智能设计;知识获取1 导言品制造业在近几年迅速增长,塑料代替金属广泛使用。
于制造热塑性塑料部件,注塑过程是最流行的成型工艺。
该给料系统,这是重要的功能结构之一。
由一个浇道,主流道,次流道和一个浇口。
从机器喷嘴的熔融塑料流动通过浇口和流道系统,并通过门腔进入空洞。
作为之间的连接流道和门腔,浇口可以直接影响模具排气,喷射发生,焊接线位置,翘曲,收缩和残余应力。
因此,浇口的设计在保证模具的质量上是非常重要的。
浇口设计包括类型的选择,大小的计算和位置的确定。
而浇口的设计是基于设计者经验和知识。
位置和大小的确定是根据试错过程。
近年来,功能和模拟环境和智能技术已经推出了浇口的设计。
Lee和Kim使用翘曲,焊接线和冲击强度的评价标准来调查浇口位置。
地搜索是用来确定浇口的位置节点[1]。
翻译排版格式
翻译排版格式要求(通用)中文格式要求1 整篇文章的大标题居中,用“宋体,2-3号字体”;2 正文用“5号字,宋体”;3 大标题与正文之间的标题的字号按“小3号——4号——小4号”的顺序,超过3极标题的仍按此顺序,排到“小4号”后,以后的几级标题都按“小4号”;4 每一自然段落的起头文字应退后两个字,符合中文排版习惯。
各自然段之间不需空行;5 原文是斜体的地方,译文也应用斜体,原文是加黑的地方,译文也应加黑;6 原文中的书名,中文应加书名号“《》”7 如客户在格式上有特殊要求的,应服从客户的要求,如有的客户要求一页对一页地翻译,有的客户要求按照原文格式,有的客户要求分栏排版等。
8 在该分页的地方,务必进行分页,分页时必须通过插入分页符进行,即在word中点菜单“插入”下的“分隔符”,严禁使用打多个回车键来达到分页的目的,这样在修改时就会产生混乱。
英文格式要求(注:其他外语语种可以参考该要求,特殊的应符合各自语言的惯例格式要求) 1 整篇文章的大标题居中,用“Times New Roman”,小2号字体; 2 正文用Times New Roman”,5号字体;3 大标题与正文之间的标题的字号按“3号——4号——5号”的顺序,超过3级标题的仍按此顺序,排到“5号”后,以后的几级标题都按“5号”;4 每一自然段落的起头文字不退后。
各自然段之间空一行;5 各级标题的编号选用应恰当,且不得出现中文编号,如“三”、“(三)”等,各级标题上下应各空一行。
6 不同级标题的编号处于不同的层次上,译者可以通过拖动word文件中的标尺来实现这个目的。
同级标题编号应对齐,整个文件中的所有正文应全部对齐。
整个文档必须清晰整齐。
译者也可以参考老外的一些正式文件,他们的文件在格式上非常漂亮。
7 不得在英文中出现书名号“《》”,英文中的书或文章的题目应采用斜体来标记,而不是书名号;8 外文译文按原中文格式,需斜体的地方,译文就斜体,需加黑的地方,译文也加黑;9 请高度重视单词大小写问题。
外文翻译格式
外文翻译格式
外语翻译通常需要遵循一定的格式,以确保翻译内容的准确性和易读性。
以下是一个700字外文翻译的通用格式示例:
1. 标题:翻译的内容的标题,通常与原文标题保持一致,居中显示。
2. 原文:原文内容,可将原文段落编号,并保留原文格式,如段落缩进或列表。
3. 译文:相关段落的翻译内容,与原文一一对应,并保持相同的段落编号和格式。
4. 术语翻译:将翻译中使用的特定术语或固定表达进行解释和翻译,避免出现歧义。
5. 校对与审校:对翻译内容进行校对和审校,确保翻译准确无误。
6. 结论:对整个翻译内容进行总结和评价,提出自己的观点和见解。
7. 参考文献:如有需要,列出翻译过程中所参考的文献或资料。
8. 附录:如有需要,可在翻译后添加附录,补充相关资料或说明。
注意事项:
- 翻译应遵循专业的术语和语法规范,尽量保持翻译内容的准确性。
- 可根据需要调整段落的分配和序号,以符合原文和翻译内容的逻辑结构。
- 保持翻译格式的统一和美观,使用合适的字体和字号,并注意标点符号的使用。
- 翻译结束后,应进行校对和审校,以确保翻译质量的准确性和流畅性。
总之,一个700字外文翻译的格式应该清晰明了,结构合理,准确无误,并能为读者提供一个清晰且易于理解的翻译内容。
翻译排版格式要求(通用)
翻译排版格式要求(通用)中文格式要求1 整篇文章的大标题居中,用“宋体,2-3号字体”;2 正文用“5号字,宋体”;3 大标题与正文之间的标题的字号按“小3号——4号——小4号”的顺序,超过3极标题的仍按此顺序,排到“小4号”后,以后的几级标题都按“小4号”;4 每一自然段落的起头文字应退后两个字,符合中文排版习惯。
各自然段之间不需空行;5 原文是斜体的地方,译文也应用斜体,原文是加黑的地方,译文也应加黑;6 原文中的书名,中文应加书名号“《》”7 如客户在格式上有特殊要求的,应服从客户的要求,如有的客户要求一页对一页地翻译,有的客户要求按照原文格式,有的客户要求分栏排版等。
8 在该分页的地方,务必进行分页,分页时必须通过插入分页符进行,即在word中点菜单“插入”下的“分隔符”,严禁使用打多个回车键来达到分页的目的,这样在修改时就会产生混乱。
英文格式要求(注:其他外语语种可以参考该要求,特殊的应符合各自语言的惯例格式要求)1 整篇文章的大标题居中,用“Times New Roman”,小2号字体;2 正文用Times New Roman”,5号字体;3 大标题与正文之间的标题的字号按“3号——4号——5号”的顺序,超过3级标题的仍按此顺序,排到“5号”后,以后的几级标题都按“5号”;4 每一自然段落的起头文字不退后。
各自然段之间空一行;5 各级标题的编号选用应恰当,且不得出现中文编号,如“三”、“(三)”等,各级标题上下应各空一行。
6 不同级标题的编号处于不同的层次上,译者可以通过拖动word文件中的标尺来实现这个目的。
同级标题编号应对齐,整个文件中的所有正文应全部对齐。
整个文档必须清晰整齐。
译者也可以参考老外的一些正式文件,他们的文件在格式上非常漂亮。
7 不得在英文中出现书名号“《》”,英文中的书或文章的题目应采用斜体来标记,而不是书名号;8 外文译文按原中文格式,需斜体的地方,译文就斜体,需加黑的地方,译文也加黑;9 请高度重视单词大小写问题。
翻译正文格式说明及实例
一、翻译分项说明1.注释以脚注形式出现,每页单独编号,注释1 先说明原文出处,格式按参考文献。
小五字号,其他同下要求。
如果原文也有脚注(尾注则保持位置不变),则译文在脚注前加上“译者注”三个字,原文脚注什么也不用加。
2.译文题目为英文的:采用3号字、Times New Roman字体、加黑、居中、与内容空1行;译文题目为汉语的:采用3号字、黑体、加黑、居中。
二级、三级标题分别采用四号字体,其他同正文题目。
3.译文为英文的:内容采用小4号Times New Roman字体,1.5行距,首句空4格。
4.译文为中文的:内容采用小4号宋体、首句空2格、1.5行距。
5.目录中的摘要、关键词分别对应原文和译文摘要,关键词,如果原文没有摘要或关键词,译者需要根据原文内容自己写出相应的摘要和关键词,关键词是指翻译过程中重要或者频繁出现的词语,一般在6-10个。
6.翻译作品有章节的,目录、正文中按相应顺序排序。
没有划分相应章节的,目录、正文中按:译文、参考文献(译者所用)、翻译问题研究报告、翻译心得、致谢排序。
翻译问题研究报告、翻译心得、致谢部分要求用英语完成,中间可以出现中文例证或者说明,如果是英译中,目录可以是中文,正文题目可以是英文,如致谢(目录中为中文,正文题目为英文Acknowledgements,主要是为了前后一致,更美观一些)。
7.翻译问题研究报告部分一般应包括:时间(time),工作量(workload),安排(arrangement),措辞(diction)句式(syntax),文体(style),技巧原则(skill and principle),工具(dictionary and technology)等。
翻译心得部分一般应包括:收获(achievement or progress ),发现(findings),思考(reflections),局限(limitation),建议(suggestions),未来努力方向(further research),等。
英文翻译格式
英文资料翻译系别软件与服务外包学院. 专业通信网络与设备. 班级通信0901 . 学生姓名韩丽司. 学号090969 . 指导教师陈佳.二○一二年二月Based on the data fusion of intelligent fault diagnosis system 1. Primed wordsMulti sensor data fusion technology was initially mostly used in the military field, but the computer, network and communication technology the rapid development that the application range is expanded greatly. In recent years, many scholars of the data fusion rules and strategy theory to conduct extensive research and improvement. While the artificial intelligence technology research makes the data fusion to improve the knowledge of target decision height, the auxiliary function is greatly strengthened. At the same time, with the industrial technology make a spurt of progress, an intelligent fault diagnosis system of demand in quantity and quality greatly improved. As the intelligent fault diagnosis system for the most basic, the most effective information processing tools, multi sensor data fusion technology development will promote the progress of intelligent fault diagnosis system.2. Multi sensor data fusion and improved D - S theoryFrom a military application perspective, data fusion is to make full use of different time and space of the multi sensor information resources according to the time sequence, using computer technology to obtain multiple sensor observation information in certain criteria to be automatic, integrated analysis, control and use, access to the object consistency of interpretation and description, to complete required decision-making and estimation tasks, allowing the system to obtain than its components the better performance of H3. The author uses the present generally agree that the pixel level, feature layer and decision layer three layer fusion structure. The decision level fusion target is to achieve the target situation diagnosis and assessment, applied to the main Bayesian probability reasoning and D S evidence theory. The data fusion method to solve the uncertain information processing problems, D - S method with Dempster - Shafer evidential theory as a foundation, its core is Dempster synthesis rules, for uncertain information expression and synthesis provides natural and robust method. Will force S evidence theory is used for multi sensor fusion, obtained from the sensor related value is the theory of evidence, it can constitute the targets to be recognized patterns of belief function assignment, that each target model hypothesis of credibility, each sensor consists of an evidence of group.Multi sensor data fusion is through D S united rules to combine several evidence group to form a new integrated evidence group, called the D S association rules with each sensor of confidence function distribution formed by fusion of confidence function distribution, which is target mode decision-making provide comprehensive and accurate information of n ]. In practical application, D - S method requires evidence of independence and evidence combination rule theory support, and the calculation of potential exists the problem of combinatorial explosion, so only the single fusion methods are difficult to obtain ideal fusion effect.D - S evidence theory has does not require a priori probability advantages; expertsystem has a problem domain knowledge; fuzzy system has higher fuzzy language processing; high order neural network has the capacity to be big, approximation ability, fault-tolerant a wide range of features, so the D s evidence theory fusion method with multiple division complementary to improve the D - s method, improve the fusion system for target identification accuracy and reliability, which make the system has strong self learning ability and ability to adapt to their environment.3. Intelligent fault diagnosis systemDiagnosis system of a failure mode is often caused by multiple fault symptom, and a fault symptom can be caused by multiple failure modes, is many-to-many form. So without a sensor to ensure that at any time to provide complete and reliable information, it is usually in multiple sensor based on integrated diagnosis. In essence, fault diagnosis system is the use of diagnostic object system runs a variety of state information and various kinds of existing knowledge, information processing, finally get on the system operation condition and fault condition of the comprehensive evaluation of n3. Data fusion is typical application system is C3I system, especially in multiple target tracking system. According to C3I system, fault diagnosis information required for access to more diverse, describe diagnostic mathematical model of the object may be greater than the space coordinates and velocity characteristics are more complex, the fault diagnostic object link between ( coupling, backup, transfer ) can be tracked object of coordinated action of the relations to be more close, but can make the diagnosis object is regarded as a sensor through the systematic observation of the particular state space, the fault signal is the space in the specific target signal, the fault diagnosis is based on the signal and the knowledge base to determine the fault alarm.The fault diagnosis system, very suitable for using the previously described multisensor fusion structure, a pixel layer is layer of data fusion for sensor reflect the direct data; feature layer corresponding to various fault diagnosis methods of data fusion, the results are effective decision; decision fusion for integrated subsystems via the fusion rule of combination made the final the results of fault diagnosis and troubleshooting. The three layer structure corresponding to the fault diagnosis system of monitoring, diagnosis and decision function. In fault diagnosis system Data fusion in the certain degree can make the system to obtain the accurate state estimation, increase the degree of confidence, to reduce ambiguity, improve diagnostic performance, improve the multi sensor information resources utilization. But with the development of new technology, fault diagnosis system is gradually introduced into artificial intelligence technology, the main performance is: the use of neural network local diagnosis; the use of multiple concurrent ES using multiple knowledge in the field of synthetic information; the use of advanced database management technology for decision support system using reasoning; learning, so the automatic adapt to all kinds of trend. In addition, on the basis of data fusion, the fusion levels increase, the data mining and knowledge ( including rules, method and model) fusion.4.Based on the data fusion of intelligent diagnosis systemFrom the perspective of multi sensor data fusion, typical application example is the process monitoring and fault diagnosis, and from the perspective of intelligent fault diagnosis system, usually in multi sensor data fusion based on integrated diagnosis. Based on the above on the multi-sensor data fusion technology and intelligent fault diagnosis system are discussed, the following two techniques for organic coupling, based on the establishment of a multi sensor data fusion of intelligent fault diagnosis system structure frame.4.1 Working principleThe system is composed of input output system, a sensor signal acquisition system, signal pre-processing system, expert system and decision fusion system. When the system works, the first use of multi sensor signal acquisition and signal data were preprocessed ( such as signal filtering, spectrum analysis, wavelet analysis, etc. ) will be processed information and diagnostic system of expert knowledge base ( rules, methods and models of knowledge) according to certain rules, and then each sub-system is the local diagnosis results are parallel fusion for decision fusion system for global diagnosis, the final output diagnosis results and relevant information will be stored in the database and knowledge base for the use of data mining technology for knowledge discovery for the necessary data on reserves.4.2 Key technolog y4.2.1 Local diagnosis systemNeural network can realize the complex nonlinear mapping, in the field of fault diagnosis has been widely used export ]. When the system parameters for the diagnosis of more, signs of the large amount of information times, due to the inevitable contradiction between sample and random, if the high dimensional symptom information input at the same time to the same network processing, will make the long training time, the diagnosis of poor results, sometimes evenTo cause the network convergence. Therefore, the human brain in different regions with different information. Different signals are also by the respective neural network diagnosis. So the high dimensional symptom space decomposition into low dimensional symptom space, the process may also be referred to as the local diagnosis. In addition, the neural network system can effectively solve the expert system part of the limitations, so the use of the neural network expert system.4.2.2 Decision fusionUsing neural network for local diagnosis, from each or several diagnostic parameters can get their diagnostic results, each subsystem is responsible for a fault diagnosis, from different angles, fault diagnosis, decision fusion of these diagnostic results fusion, makes the subsystem is formed between the" consultation", utmost to improve the diagnosis rate. For preprocessing information fusion, inference is more important than numerical computation, should be based on knowledge of the technology of expert system and D - S theory of evidence combination method of fusion.4.2.3 Data mining and knowledge fusionSystem existing operating state to revise the original system knowledge base, can be more quickly, more accurate, more comprehensive fault diagnosis, this is the data mining and knowledge integration issues, data mining techniques in information fusion system will become the necessary part of.5. The endMulti sensor data fusion technology and intelligent fault diagnosis system is very practical, and the organic integration of the two can on their respective technology development to promote each other's role. But at present the information fusion system specific fusion rule method based on knowledge fusion technology is still not mature, also remains to be improved, the intelligent diagnosis system need to be improved for AI Technology application. But I believe that with all the technology and the gradual improvement of the practice, continue to accumulate experience, based on the data fusion of intelligent fault diagnosis system will be developed faster and wider application.基于多传感器数据融合的智能故障诊断系统1.引言多传感器数据融合技术最初大多应用于军事领域,但计算机、网络以及通信等先进技术的飞速发展使它的应用范围得到了很大的拓展。
翻译格式简介 V1
翻译格式简介V1.0几个注意事项:(1)尽量不要用标点符号,尤其是不要出现逗号和句号。
一般感叹号也很少用,问句后面可以加问号,省略号可以在适当的地方加,例如说话的人支支吾吾的时候。
少用波浪符号“~”另外尤其注意省略号不要用“...”,要用“…”,这个在搜狗输入法中是shift+数字6,在标准输入法下比较难打,所以建议还是用搜狗输入。
引号不要用“”,要用「」。
(2)一定要注意断句,不同的人说的话绝不能放在同一行,一般一行控制在20个字以下,如认为句子断开比较难以理解则可以放在同一行(3)空格要么就只空一格,要么空两格(根据后期人员的要求而定),千万不要用全角空格,因为一个全角空格比两个半角空格空得还要大(4)翻译时用简体半角,不能出现繁体字(所以在翻译的时候千万不要用日文输入法),更不能出现日式中文,譬如说“游园地”,中文里面没有这个词,要翻译成“游乐园”。
(5)有时候经常会出现的断断续续重复的话,例如あ…あの,这个时候要翻译成“那…那个”,而不要仅仅写成“那个”。
不要出现“呵呵”,“哈哈”类似于这样的词(6)常见错误用词阿-〉啊恩-〉嗯え-〉哎(不要翻译成“呃”)ううん-〉不…(翻译成“嗯”是错误的啊,うむ和うん才是“嗯”)好象-〉好像唉-〉哎拣-〉捡噢-〉哦夷-〉咦事请-〉事情有时侯-〉有时候(类似的有静候)莫明其妙-〉莫名其妙一幅无精打采的样子-〉一副无精打采的样子超近路-〉抄近路罗嗦-〉啰嗦渡过一段日子-〉度过(5)翻译的样例如下,注意空格一般只空一格,除非后期人员有特殊要求:听好了坂井悠二至今为止的锻炼数据存在之力的操纵要将这些升华到下一个次元嗯…嗯怎么了不大致的感觉已经从至今为止的锻炼中找到了也早应该做好心理准备了可一到关键时刻总感觉…这样的我居然要使用自在法…没问题的现在的悠二一定行的嗯封绝这可是这可是欢迎光临进步的舞台蹂躏之爪牙马尔克希亚斯大人以及悼词咏唱者玛裘莉·顿小姐既然能够如此游刃有余地打招呼自然就说明不止你一个人了不管怎么样总是要开打的来一场华丽的晚会吧好像开始了呢嗯为什么全都坦白了对悼词咏唱者谁都没能拯救下次一定要救助别人你也该知道你那样的想法一定会被排斥嗯我知道虽然我知道但对我来说无论如何也不觉得这是一件错误的事情校对注意事项:1、翻译没有翻出来的语句都会打上*号,校对的人首先要做到把*号全部消除2、对错别字要引起充分的注意,另外如果翻译中出现繁体字也要予以纠正3、如果修改了某句句子,在此句开头务必加上标记,一般标记为“#”4、注意人名以及专有名词,注意前后文的统一。
翻译格式及要求
<一>字幕翻译:译者在开始翻译一部影片时,请先在google或baidu上查询有关这部影片的相关资料,对影片内容及情节有个大概的了解。
查找方式是在搜索栏里填入(红字部分,不包括中括号,下同)如:[Borat,电影](对一些你不懂中文译名的电影)或[波拉特](知道中文译名的情况下),或[波拉特,Borat],相关介绍以一些大型网站网易娱乐,搜狐以及新浪等的介绍为准。
1:片头(片尾)字幕及片中的屏幕信息1)所谓片头(片尾)字幕,就是所给你的英文(或其它语种)文本中没出现,但在影片中开场(有的时候会放在影片结束后)出现的诸如片名,影片出版商,导演以及演员的名字等等,这些需自己把片名和人名翻出来,并打上片头(片尾)字幕在影片出现的开始时间码,譬如: 00:02:19 杰弗利·怀特00:02:24 莎朗·斯通00:02:29 弗朗西斯·康罗伊效果为:[时间码只需打出片头信息的起始时间码即可,格式为(时:分:秒),对于导演或者演员之类的片头信息,只需翻出主要人名即可,一般只翻导演,主演,编剧,其他诸如音乐,监制,剪辑之类的信息就无需要翻,除非有特别要求;注意,对明星、导演等知名人物的名字,或片中涉及的历史真实人物的名字,不能靠自己的臆测随意翻译,而应在搜索引擎如google或baidu上以关键字如:[Brad Pitt是]查询,以大多数网站一致的译名为准(如以上的例子搜索出来大多数网站是翻成布拉德·皮特)为准,实在查不到译名的方可音译]2)所谓屏幕信息,就是影片中出现的有助于观众了解影片内容以及情节的'非字幕'信息;譬如报纸的头版标题,房门上的人名,片中人物高举的抗议牌匾,一张写着字的小纸片,内嵌于电影胶片中(即没有在所给字幕文本中出现的)出现的提示时间,地点的句子等等...这些也需译者自己把它们补充完整并打上相应的起始时间码,譬如:00:28:33 "温斯顿致唐"01:01:51 "卡曼·马科维斯基医生|可与动物交流的专家"“|”这个符号,是给制作软件辨识强制前后分行在屏幕上显示的代码符号,比如说在这句话里面,“卡曼·马科维斯基医生”就显示在了上一行,而“可与动物交流的专家”就显示在下面了。
中文名字韩语对照表(姓名韩文翻译)
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翻 译 格 式 要 求
翻译格式要求中文格式要求1、整篇文章的大标题居中,用“宋体,2-3号字体”;2、正文用“5号字,宋体”;3、大标题与正文之间的标题的字号按“小3号——4号——小4号”的顺序,超过3极标题的仍按此顺序,排到“小4号”后,以后的几级标题都按“小4号”;4、每一自然段落的起头文字应退后两个字,符合中文排版习惯。
各自然段之间不需空行;5、原文是斜体的地方,译文也应用斜体,原文是加黑的地方,译文也应加黑;6、原文中的书名,中文应加书名号“《》”7、如客户在格式上有特殊要求的,应服从客户的要求,如有的客户要求一页对一页地翻译,有的客户要求按照原文格式,有的客户要求分栏排版等。
8、在该分页的地方,务必进行分页,分页时必须通过插入分页符进行,即在word中点菜单“插入”下的“分隔符”,严禁使用打多个回车键来达到分页的目的,这样在修改时就会产生混乱。
英文格式要求(注:其他外语语种可以参考该要求,特殊的应符合各自语言的惯例格式要求)1、整篇文章的大标题居中,用“Times New Roman”,小2号字体;2、正文用Times New Roman”,5号字体;3、大标题与正文之间的标题的字号按“3号——4号——5号”的顺序,超过3级标题的仍按此顺序,排到“5号”后,以后的几级标题都按“5号”;4、每一自然段落的起头文字不退后。
各自然段之间空一行;5、各级标题的编号选用应恰当,且不得出现中文编号,如“三”、“(三)”等,各级标题上下应各空一行。
6、不同级标题的编号处于不同的层次上,译者可以通过拖动word文件中的标尺来实现这个目的。
同级标题编号应对齐,整个文件中的所有正文应全部对齐。
整个文档必须清晰整齐。
译者也可以参考老外的一些正式文件,他们的文件在格式上非常漂亮。
7、不得在英文中出现书名号“《》”,英文中的书或文章的题目应采用斜体来标记,而不是书名号;8、外文译文按原中文格式,需斜体的地方,译文就斜体,需加黑的地方,译文也加黑;9、请高度重视单词大小写问题。
专业英语翻译格式要求
标题(居中,三号黑体)(——如有附标题,则为小三号黑体)作者1,作者2(小四号楷体)摘要:“摘要”两字用小四号黑体加粗,摘要内容宜用小四号宋体。
关键词:“关键词”三字小四号黑体加粗,其他用小四号宋体,关键词之间用中文逗号隔开,结束处不加标点。
总体要求:总字数不少于3500字,参考文献无需翻译,但应完全罗列。
表格名称、内容需翻译,图名需翻译,图内解释无需翻译,但应将原图截下放于相应位置处。
文章标题段前段后都为0.5行,单倍行距。
以下正文除各部分标题、插图和表格外,一律用小四号宋体,正文为1.1倍行距。
段前6磅,段后0磅。
首行缩进2字符,无左右缩进,其他具体字体要求见注2。
1.一级标题(四号,黑体,加粗,一级标题是段前段后0.5行,单倍行距)1.1 二级标题(小四号,宋体,加粗,二三级标题都是段前段后6磅,单倍行距)1.1.1 三级标题(小四号,宋体,加粗)图表名称的格式:图片名称标注在下方,表格名称标注在表格上方,居中,汉字用宋体,数字、英文用Time New Roman , 罗马字用Symbol,字号五。
表1 名称……表格要求见注3表格以序号、名称的格式标注,居中,中英文对照,表格为三线表(表格套用格式为简明型1)。
x/cm I/mA v/(m⋅s-1) h/m p/MPa10 30 2.5 4 11012 34 3.0 5 111注:表注和图注用五号宋体,表注左对齐,图注居中。
1.1.2 三级标题(小四号,宋体,加粗)基金项目:基金项目类别(编号);基金项目类别(编号)作者简介:第一作者姓名(出生年-),性别,职称,主要研究方向通信联系人:姓名,职称,主要研究方向:……. E-mail:……(第一作者为研究生、博士后时,应当以作者中的导师为通信联系人;其他情况时,在作者简介后直接加E-mail,不写通信联系人。
)图1 名称……图形要求见注4图号和图名用五号宋体,图下居中。
1.2 二级标题(小四号,宋体,加粗)2.一级标题注释统一采用页下注:五号宋体。
外文参考文献及翻译稿的要求与格式
百度文库- 让每个人平等地提升自我!外文参考文献及翻译稿的要求及格式一、外文参考文献的要求1、外文原稿应与本研究项目接近或相关联;2、外文原稿可选择相关文章或节选章节,正文字数不少于1500字。
3、格式:外文文献左上角标注“外文参考资料”字样,小四宋体。
1.5倍行距。
标题:三号,Times New Roman字体加粗,居中,行距1.5倍。
段前段后空一行。
作者(居中)及正文:小四号,Times New Roman字体,首行空2字符。
4、A4纸统一打印。
二、中文翻译稿1、中文翻译稿要与外文文献匹配,翻译要正确;2、中文翻译稿另起一页;3、格式:左上角标“中文译文”,小四宋体。
标题:宋体三号加粗居中,行距1.5倍。
段前、段后空一行。
作者(居中)及正文:小四号宋体,数字等Times New Roman字体,1.5倍行距,首行空2字符。
正文字数1500左右。
4、A4纸统一打印。
格式范例如后所示。
百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我!外文参考文献Implementation of internal controls of small andmedium-sized pow erStephen Ryan The enterprise internal control carries out the strength to refer to the enterprise internal control system execution ability and dynamics, it is the one whole set behavior and the technical system, is unique competitive advantage which the enterprise has; Is a series of …………………………标题:三号,Times New Roman字体加粗,居中,行距1.5倍。
书籍翻译报告格式模板范文
书籍翻译报告格式模板范文
一、译前准备
1.1 翻译目的
翻译目的是指通过翻译把原著传达的意义用目标语言传递出来。
在翻译前需要明确翻译的目的,以便于有针对性地进行翻译。
1.2 翻译流程
翻译流程指在进行翻译前需要做哪些准备工作及具体的翻译方法。
熟悉翻译流程可以使翻译更高效。
1.3 原著阅读和理解
在进行翻译前需要先读懂原著,理解原著所要传达的意义,获取关键信息。
二、译文撰写
2.1 语言风格
语言风格指翻译时应该遵循的语言规范和风格。
翻译风格要求参照目标语言的语法,却保留原语言的风格和意义。
2.2 技术要求
在进行翻译时要遵循相关的技术要求,比如是否需要进行术语统一、是否需要进行语言编辑等等。
2.3 翻译版本
翻译版本指翻译后的版本,需要根据原著的内容和目标受众的需要选择合适的翻译版本。
三、译后评价
3.1 评价对象
在译后评价时,需要对翻译的内容、语言等方面进行评价。
3.2 评价方法
在对翻译作品进行评价时,可以使用简单易行的评价方法进行。
比如,可以使用对比法进行评价。
四、总结
以上是书籍翻译报告的一个简单的模板,希望能够帮助大家更好地进行翻译工作。
在进行翻译前需要认真审视原著的内容和目标受众的需要,选择合适的翻译版本。
在进行翻译时需要遵循相关的语言和技术规范,尽可能用目标语言表述出原著的意义。
在译后评价时,需要对翻译的内容、语言等方面进行评价,可以使用简单易行的评价方法进行。
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nuts and washersnuts and washers are necessary components in regular bloted application. Vibration of equipment can loosen fasteners, with the result that they may work completely loose. For this reason, some insurance against loosening must be designed into any machine where vibration presents a potential problem. A lock washer exerts a force against a nut so that it will not unthread. If a lock washer can be incorporated into a nut (or blot), it eliminates one inventory item in a plant and ensures that every assembly has a lock washer .This last item is particularly important in mass production methods where assembly time is calculated closely.Some nuts contain a preassembled lock washer that can not fall loose in handling. Other nuts are available with a plastic material (sometimes nylon) that wedges into the threads; this prevents unthreading. Spring-type nuts (discussed in the following section)are also available; these exert a force assembled components while permanently engaging the threads of the bolt. Cap or acorn nuts are used where appearance is important .In the acorn type of nut, the top of the nuts is closed and rounded; thus, the threads from the mating fastener do not extend through the nut. Because of this ,the increment for the bolt length must be carefully considered. Quite often, this type is chrome plated; thus, it gives a pleasing appearance to the finished product as well as preventing exposed threads that could snag clothing or cause minor injuries. Many appliances make use of this type of nut.Special fastenersA designer has hundreds of special fasteners at his command. Such hardware items are designed for special purposes. A few of these are presented briefly in this text. Countless new types of fasteners are being developed; thus it is important for a designer to keep abreast of current of current development.Figure 6-13 shows a Flexloc self-locking nut.It is characterized by the six radial slots at the top, which to the actual locking. This type of nut has no inserts and is constructed of one piece of metal. It can also be used as a top nut.Nylok R cap screws are illustrated in Fig 6-14.A standard Nylok fastener is shownon the left; a Nylok strip-type fastener is shown on the right. The latter is particularly useful with thin materials, or when it is not possible to know at what point on the screw a nut will be seated. Nylon inserts are used in many types of threaded fasteners other than cap screws. Nylok fasteners are useful for sealing are regulating, as well as locking under severe vibration conditions. It should be noted that these fasteners are reusable.An Anco R nut provides positive locking action by means of a locking pin. Figure 6-15(a) shows the nut; Fig 6-15(b) shows how the locking pin travels between the bolt threads as the nut is turned. The finished bolt-nut assembly is shown in Fig 6-15(c); note the position of the pin on the final assembly. The Anco nut is used with ordinary wrenches and can be reused. The manufacturer lists a breakaway torque of 22 in-lb for the 1/2-in size (first removal).Available sizes range from 1/4-in to 2-in. They may be used with regular or high-strength bolts in applications where shock or severe vibration may occur.Fig 6-16 (a) palnut regular-type lock nut (for threaded members). (b)wing-type palnut lock nut.(c)Flat rectangular pushnut fastener (for unthreaded studs). (d) Palnut washer-type self-threading nut, showing threads formed on unthreaded stud.(e)Palnut acorn-type self-threading nut, showing how threads are formed on unthreaded stud.(f)Washer-type palnut self-threading nut.(Courtesy of the palnut div. of TRW Inc.)A few typical Palnut fasteners and lock nuts are shown in Fig 6-16. Figure 6-16(a) shows a regular lock nut. This may be used alone as a load-carrying nut locking action.A wing-type nut is shown in Fig 6-16(b). A pushnut fastener is shown in Fig6-16(c);this is used on unthreaded studs and provides fast hand assembly. Self-threading nuts are shown in Fig6-16(d),(e),(f).These nuts are made of heat-treated spring steel and form threads on unthreaded studs.Figure 6-17 shows a flange Whiz-lock nut; the flange on the nut is helpful in gapping oversize holes. The locking teeth prevent unthreading. Because of these locking teeth, more torque is required to remove this type of fastener than to seat it. Locking teeth are also available on nuts and screws.Figure 6-18(a)shows a Sems terminal and Fig 6-18(b)shows a Sems grounding terminal. These units are characterized by the preassembled lock washer on some type ofscrew. Many head and washer combinations are available. A somewhat similar arrangement is found in the keps unit(not shown), where a washer is assembled to a nut. Such units ensure that a washer is used at all times; it is impossible for a careless operator to forget the important lock washer.Thousands of sizes and types of speed nuts and speed clips are available to a designer and find application in areas where rapid assembly is needed. Some of these are shown in Fig 6-20. The nut-type fastener is self-locking and vibration resistant. The clip-type fastener requires no tools to assemble; it is pushed over a stud. Push-on speed nuts can be removed easily and reused. This general type of fastener is popular in the mass assembly operations of the automotive and appliance fields.Fig 6-19 illustrates a spring-lock fastener; this is essentially a blind rivet, although it may be easily removed by applying a quarter-turn in the opposite direction from that used in assembling. If a spring-lock fastener is permanently installed in the outside sheet when securing sheet-metal parts, there is no danger of the unit becoming lost. A plastic spring-lock shelf support is shown in Fig 6-21; this unit contains a steel insert to give strength where needed. It is locked in position by a half-turn movement.A quick-lock is shown in Fig 6-22.A photograph of a standard Dzus quarter-turn self-locking fastener is shown in Fig 6-22. This is used for easy panel removal; it has become popular in the aircraft industry. A stud and grommet are permanently placed in the removable panel. The stud has a spiral cam at the end which engages a permanently mounted (usually riveted) spring in the frame or other part being joined. A quarter-turn of the stud locks the assembly.In addition to the aircraft industry; this fastener is finding extensive application in the transportation, electronics, communication, and otherindustries where frequent access must be made to the “inside” components.A Huckbolt fastener is shown in Fig 6-23.In the application of this fastener, a pin is inserted into a hole and a metal collar is placed overthe end. A special tool grips the fastener pintail and draws the head of the pin into the work. This pulls the two sheets together. The pin is under preload tension; while under this tension, the special tool swages the collar into the locking grooves of the pin. Such a connection is not affected by vibrations.Quite often, tapped holes in large, permanent frames may have damaged or stripped threads. These may be inexpensively and quickly repaired by the use of Heli-Coil inserts. The required steps are shown in Fig 6-24.First, a larger hole is drilled (Fig 6-24a).The hole is trapped(Fig 6-24b).Then, the proper insert is placed into the tapped hole(Fig 6-24c).A repair kit is shown in Fig 6-24d.Spacing of blots for wrench clearanceCare must be exercised in determining the proper spacing of blots(or nuts)in any assembly. If this is not done, it may be impossible to tighten the connections without resorting to special wrenches. Sometimes it is desirable to have bolts spaced as close together as possible; this is particularly true where the sealing of a gasket depends on the proper pressure being exerted by bolted connections. spacing can be closer if socket wrenches are used. Table 6-4 shows minimum dimensions for A and B if socket-wrench assembly is employed; A and B are the bolt center and edge distances, respectively. The values are based on an outside socket diameter of twice the bolt diameter plus 1/4in, which approximates commercial socket wrenches. The tabular values also assume American Standard regular hexagon bolt heads.If it is necessary to use open-end wrenches, spacing for both dimensions A and B must be larger. Formulas for these dimensions may be found in many handbooks .The use of offset box-type wrenches provides a compromise in mounting distances between the socket and open-end types.Where hexagon connections are used with hydraulic or pneumatic lines,open-end wrenches must be used. This is necessary because the connections must be made with the hose or tubing in position; thus, socket or box wrenches cannot be used.Spacing must be considered early in the design. If this is not done. Redesign of at least two parts (the bolted pieces) will be necessary; in some cases, many other parts will be affected.Countless types of special fasteners are commercially available. Only a few representative types are shown in this text. Industrial-hardware suppliers are well versed in the many specific-purpose types that are currently used.螺母和垫圈螺母和垫圈在被污点申请的老客户中是必需的成份。