高级英语 下册 unit2 马尔喀什 Marrakech
高级英语Lesson 2 (BooK 2) Marrakech 课后练习级答案
EXERCISES 2Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books [SRB]1. any standard gazetteer2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.2. How are people buried in Marrakech?3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."(para 3)4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece?9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ?6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase:1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para3)4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9)5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16)9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17)10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. (para 19)12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (para 26)Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words:1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11)6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26) Ⅶ. Discriminate the followi ng groups of synonyms:1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language2. Webs ter’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:1. burying-ground2. gravestone3. mid-air4. overcrowding5. nine-tenthsSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. any standard dictionary2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.2.The dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.3.The educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.4.They have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them.5.The Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming.6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only fora few days.9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach.10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ .Read the following paragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achievingunity? Give your reasons.1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fiWordStr, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot.2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening. However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the bite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason-- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food appeals to me?Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank:fell come did firedpulled feel sagged collapsegoes altered slobbered climbedwent paralysed settled droopingjolt seemed imagined knockfalling tower reaching trumpetedshake cameWhen I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home -- but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had ________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had_________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might have been five seconds, I dare say – he _______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have ______ upon him. One could have ______him thousands of years old. I _______again into the same spot. At the second shot he did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fired a third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could see the agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed beneath him he seemed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________, his belly towards me, with a crash that seemed to _________ the ground even where I lay.XIII. Topics for oral work:1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay?2. Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support your XIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident to the reader.习题全解Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centersof Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7. See paragraph 18.8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the otherdirection?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves. Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon thisfact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a pieceof luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil． 11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。
高级英语_Lesson2_Marrakech_课件
Marrakech
Marrakech is not only a fantastic city, it is also a symbol of the Morocco that once was, and which still survives here. The streets of the old and pink city have been too narrow to allow the introduction of cars, and tourists searching for the "real" Morocco have turned the medieval structures of Marrakech into good business.
The market 1
The market 2
Definition of Colony
1. a. emigrants or their descendants in a distant territory but remain subject to or closely associated with the parent country. In politics and in history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a geographicallydistant state (or city, in ancient times). b. A territory thus settled. 2. A region politically controlled by a distant country; a dependency. 3. A group of people who have been institutionalized in a relatively remote area
高英第二课Marrakech分析
But in 1912, a Franco-Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. Morocco gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. most of the people of Morocco are Muslims,Islamis the state religion and Arabic is the official language, but French and Spanish are also spoken.
Ⅲ.
Detailed Studn of the text ▲main idea of each part ▲ questions to discuss ▲ Key words, phrases and difficult sentences
Unit 2 Marrakech
By George Orwell
Objectives of Lesson Two
To familiarize students with the background knowledge of George Orwell, Morocco, French colonies, Marrakech; Jews To learn expository writing; To analyze the theme and the writer’s opinion of colonialism.
高英第二课Marrakech分析
His well-known essays: Shooting an elephant A Hanging Marrakech Politics and the English Language
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Orwell’s Rules for writers
Never use metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print.
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But in 1912, a Franco-Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. Morocco gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. most of the people of Morocco are Muslims,Islamis the state religion and Arabic is the official language, but French and Spanish are also spoken.
Unit 2 Marrakech
By George Orwell
-
Objectives of Lesson Two
To familiarize students with the background knowledge of George Orwell, Morocco, French colonies, Marrakech; Jews
(完整版)高级英语Lesson2(BooK2)Marrakech课后练习级答案
EXERCISES 2Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books [SRB]1. any standard gazetteer2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.2. How are people buried in Marrakech?3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."(para 3)4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece?9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ?6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase:1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para3)4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9)5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16)9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17)10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. (para 19)12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (para 26)Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words:1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11)6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26) Ⅶ. Discriminate the followi ng groups of synonyms:1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language2. Webs ter’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:1. burying-ground2. gravestone3. mid-air4. overcrowding5. nine-tenthsSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. any standard dictionary2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.2.The dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.3.The educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.4.They have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them.5.The Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming.6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only fora few days.9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach.10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ .Read the following paragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achievingunity? Give your reasons.1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot.2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening. However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the bite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason-- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food appeals to me?Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank:fell come did firedpulled feel sagged collapsegoes altered slobbered climbedwent paralysed settled droopingjolt seemed imagined knockfalling tower reaching trumpetedshake cameWhen I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home -- but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had ________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had_________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might have been five seconds, I dare say – he _______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have ______ upon him. One could have ______him thousands of years old. I _______again into the same spot. At the second shot he did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fired a third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could see the agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed beneath him he seemed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________, his belly towards me, with a crash that seemed to _________ the ground even where I lay.XIII. Topics for oral work:1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay?2. Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support your XIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident to the reader.习题全解Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centersof Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describe s to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7. See paragraph 18.8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the otherdirection?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves. Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon thisfact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a pieceof luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil． 11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。
高级英语 第二课_Marrakech_完备课件
His Life
– He is mush praised in the west partly because of his anti-communist point of view.
– He was born in India, father, a so called empirebuilder --serving the British government abroad.
e. People: most Muslims; Most (70%) Moroccans are farmers, using camels, donkeys and mules to pull plows, trying to try to grow their own food. In the South a few tribesmen still wander from place to place in the desert.
---Renowned for leather goods --- the old city is like a labyrinth (迷宫 ) full of
crooked, deadened streets.
Marrakech
Marrakech is not only a fantastic city, it is also a symbol of the Morocco that once was, and which still survives here. The streets of the old and pink city have been too narrow to allow the introduction of cars, and tourists searching for the "real" Morocco have turned the medieval structures of Marrakech into good business.
高级英语第二册Lesson2Marrakech
Orwell's works have had a prospective impact on contemporary literature and political thought, making him one of the most influential writers of the 20th century
Techniques for using tension and voice
Mastering different tensions
Understand the use of present, past, and future tensions to express actions or states of being at different times
Advanced English Volume 2 Lesson 2 Marrakech
目 录
• Background of the text and introduction of the author
• Detailed explanation of vocabulary and phrases
Haggle
To negotiate the price of goods in a marketplace, a common practice in Marrakech
Mosque
A place of war for Muslims, an important part of Marrakech's territory
Tourism
Marrakech is a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors from all over the world with its unique chart and hospitality
高级英语第二册第二课“马拉克什”
Watch and Discuss
Background Information
George Orwell
Colonialism
Morocco
Marrakech
George Orwell
George Orwell (1903—1950)
pseudonym of Eric Blair a man of the uncommitted and independent left Masterpiece including Animal Farm 1984
Back
Morocco
Morocco
Morocco
Location: North Africa Capital : Rabat (435,000 people) 拉巴特 Area : 171,583 square miles State religion: Islam; Most of the people of Morocco are Muslims Languages: Arabic (official language), French and Spanish also spoken Money: Dirham 迪拉姆, DH
Colonism
Non-settlement colonies: a new kind of colony. The Europeans sent just enough soldiers, officials and businessmen to rule the people who already lived there. These non-settlement colonies were important as markets and as sources of raw materials for factories in the ruling countries.
高级英语--第二课-Marrakech-完备课件
His Life
– He is mush praised in the west partly because of his anti-communist point of view.
– He was born in India, father, a so called empirebuilder --serving the British government abroad.
A short novel that criticizes the Soviet Union, one of England's allies in World War II . It is an entertaining story about animals or, on a deeper level, a savage attack on the misuse of political power.
1. His works show sharp powers of observation and deep sympathy for suffering people.
2. His works give a deep sense of conviction and urgency.
3. The use of English is clear, simple and direct, with no formality of embellishment(润色). (addition/decoration) He said his ideal was to write prose like a window pane---as clear as glass
His Life
– He received good education in Britain and studied in the most famous school “Eden”.
高级英语下册unit2马尔喀什Marrakech
帕金森病非运动症状及治疗发表时间：2011-01-15 发表者：崔群力 (访问人次：381)内容导读：帕金森病非运动症状及治疗，帕金森病非运动症状可导致患者生活质量降低，甚至加重帕金森病患者的运动症状和功能残疾。
帕金森病(PD)非运动症状可导致患者生活质量降低，甚至加重帕金森病患者的运动症状和功能残疾。
为提高广大临床医师对帕金森病非运动症状诊疗的认识，中国医学论坛报就美国神经病学学会(AAN)近期推出的帕金森病非运动症状治疗指南，以及于2006年推出的帕金森病相关抑郁、精神异常和痴呆的评估与治疗指南进行简要介绍。
植物神经功能、感觉和睡眠障碍：直立性低血压：尚缺乏盐皮质激素、a-肾上腺素受体激动剂治疗帕金森病患者体位性低血压的随机对照试验。
然而，上述药物的药理学作用与体位性低血压的改善相一致。
目前，经FDA批准可治疗体位性低血压的药物仅有米多君（a-肾上腺素受体激动剂）和屈昔多巴，后者是一种口服去甲肾上腺素的活性合成前体。
推荐如何治疗帕金森病患者体位性低血压的资料尚缺不足。
勃起功能障碍：应进行全面的医疗评估，以确定是否存在诸如药物副作用等可治疗的可能引起勃起功能障碍的原因。
美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)已批准构椽酸西地那非作为勃起功能障碍的治疗药物。
推荐构椽酸西地那非可用于治疗帕金森病患者的勃起功能障碍(C级)。
便秘：尽管尚缺乏帕金森病患者便秘治疗的随机对照研究，但聚乙二醇和肉毒毒素的药理学作用和广泛临床应用与帕金森病患者便秘的改善相一致。
此外，提高饮食中水和纤维含量等非药物治疗也具有缓解患者便秘的临床益处。
许多治疗药物可导致便秘。
推荐聚乙二醇可用于治疗帕金森病患者便秘(C级)肉毒毒素治疗帕金森病患者便秘的证据尚不充足(u级)尿失禁：尽管抗胆碱药治疗帕金森病患者尿失禁的随机对照研究尚缺乏，但其药理学作用和广泛的临床应用与帕金森病患者尿失禁的改善相一致。
抗胆碱药可能导致帕金森病患者出现意识混乱。
推荐如何治疗帕金森病患者尿失禁的资料尚缺乏(u级)疲乏：哌醋甲酯存在被误用的可能。
高级英语Lesson_2_（BooK_2）_Marrakech_课文内容
idea of what the medieval ghettoes were probably like. Under their Moorish Moorishrulers the Jews were only allowed to own land in certain restricted areas, and after centuries of this kind of treatment they have ceased to bother about overcrowding. Many of the streets are a good deal less than six feet wide, the houses are completely windowless, and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. Down the centre of the street there is generally running a little river of urine.
an
oblong hole a foot or two deep, dump the body in it and fling over
it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a
高级英语第二册 Lesson2 Marrakech
Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive powers, including dissolving parliament at will. Executive power is exercised by the government but more importantly by the king himself. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. Parliamentary elections were held in Morocco on 7 September 2007, and were considered by some neutral observers to be mostly free and fair. The political capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca; other large cities include Marrakech, Tetouan, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Agadir, Meknes and Oujda.
Lucerne [lju‘sə:n] [作物] 苜蓿；紫花苜蓿 Gazelle [ɡə‘zel]小羚羊；瞪羚 Stork [stɔ:k] 鹳 prickly pear 仙人掌，仙人球 Pomegranate [‘pɔmɡrænit ] 石榴
高级英语第二册第二课Marrakech课后答案词组
高级英语第二册第二课Marrakech课后答案词组词汇(VOCabUIary)thread (v.) : PaSS through by twisting turning, Or WeaVing in and Out 穿过，通过POmegranate (n.) : a round fruit With a red Ieathery rind and many SeedSCOVered With red, juicy, edible flesh; the bush or small tree that bears it石榴；石榴树Cha nt (n.) : a SimPIe IitUrgiCaI Song in WhiCh a Stri ng of syllables or words is SUng to each tUne礼拜仪式唱的)单调的歌bier (n.) : a platform or POrtabIe framework on WhiCh a COffi n or COrPSe isPIaCed棺材架；尸体架 hack (v.) : break up(1and)with a hoe mattock，etc.(用锄等)翻地，挖(土) oblong (adj.) : Ionger than broac； elongated长方形的 lumpy (adj.) : full of IUmPS ; COVered With IUmPS 多块状物的；凹凸不平的hummocky (a.) : full Of Or Iooking Iike IoW , rounded hills 布满小丘的;似小圆丘的derelict (adj.) : deserted by the owne; abandoned forsaken无主的；被遗弃的lot (n.) : a plot of ground —块地Un differe ntiated (adj.) : WithOUt clear qualities or disti nctiveCharaCteriStiCS无区别的；无显著特点的 mound (n.) : a heapor bank of earth sand, etc. built over a grave, in a fortification , etc. 土堆；堤；坟堆PriCkIy (adj.) : full of PriCkIeS 多刺的PriCkIy pear: any of a genus of CaCtUS pla nts hav ing cyli ndrical or large flat, oval Stem joints and edible fruits 仙人掌(属) bumpy (adj.) : full of bumps ； rough； jolting 崎岖不平的；颠簸的；震摇的gazelle (n.) : any Of VariouS smal, SWift, graceful antelopes 瞪羚hin dquarter (n.) : either of the two hind legs and the adjoining loin of aCarCaSS of Vea J beef, lamb, etc. ; [p1.]the hind Part of afour—Ieggedanimal(牛、羊、猪等的)后腿肉；[复](四肢动物的)后躯nibble (v.) : take small, cautious, or gentle bites小口地咬；谨慎地咬(啃) butt (v.) : Strike or PUSh With the head or horns:am With the head用头或角)撞击；顶撞mid — air (n.) : any point in space, not in con tact With the ground or otherSUrfaCe空中；上空navvy (n.) : n Unskilled laborer, as on Cana∣s roads, etc. 劳工；无特殊技术的工人sidle (v.) : move SideWayS esp. in a Shy or SteaIthy manne羞怯或偷偷地)侧身行走stow (v.) : PaCk or store away fill by PaCking in an OrderIy Way 装载；装进；收藏municipality n . a city, town. etc. having its OWn inCorPorated government for local affairs 自治市(或镇)ghetto (n.) : (in Certa in EUrOPea n CitieS)a SeCti On to WhiCh JeWS Wereformerly restricted(某些欧洲城市中从前的)犹太人居住区sore (adj.) : giving or feeling PhySiCaI Pain; Painful 疼痛的；感至U 疼痛的skull—CaP (n.) : a light, Closefitting, brimless cap, usually Worn indoors(室内戴的)无沿便帽 in fest (v.) : overr Un or in habit in Iarge nu mbers usually so as to be harmful or bothersome SWarm in or over(虫害等)侵扰；骚扰；蔓延booth (n.) : a stall for the sale of goods as at markets or fairs 市场或集市上的)货摊；摊店，摊棚PrehiStOriC (adj.) : Pertaining to anCient times Very old-fashioned 老式的；古旧的WarP (v.) : become bent or twisted out of ShaPe变弯曲；变歪frenZied (adj.) : full Of UnControlled excitement 疯狂的，狂乱的CIamour(V.) : make a loud con fused no ise or ShOUt Cry out 喧嚷，喧嚣,吵闹grope (v.) : feel or SearCh about blindly hesitantly, or UnCertainly 摸索;探索SeIf-C Ontained (adj.) : hav ing Within on eself or itself all that is n ecessarySeIf-SUffiCient, as a community 自给自足的WitChCraft (n.) : the power or PraCtiCeS of witches: black magic; SOrCery 巫术；魔法SqUare (adj.[colloq.]) : SatiSfying; solid ； SUbStantial[口 ]令人满意的；充实的conSPiCUOUS (adj.) : attracting attention by being Unexpected UnUsua，OUtSta ndi ng惹人注目的，显眼的 grove (n.) : OrChard 果园Iegi Onn aire (n.) : a member Of a Iegion 军团的成员back—breaking (adj.) : requiring great PhySiCal exertion Very tiring 费劲的；辛苦的，累人的。
高级英语Lesson-2-（BooK-2）-Marrakech-课后练习级答案
高级英语Lesson-2-（BooK-2）-Marrakech-课后练习级答案EXERCISES 2Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books [SRB]1. any standard gazetteer2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.2. How are people buried in Marrakech?3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."(para 3)4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece?9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ?6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase:1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para3)4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9)5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16)9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17)10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. (para 19)12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (para 26)Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words:1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11)6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26) Ⅶ. Discriminate the followi ng groups of synonyms:1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language2. Webs ter’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:1. burying-ground2. gravestone3. mid-air4. overcrowding5. nine-tenthsSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. any standard dictionary2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.2.The dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.3.The educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.4.They have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them.5.The Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming.6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only fora few days.9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach.10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ .Read the following pa ragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achieving。
高级英语Lesson2Marrakech课后练习级答案
EXERCISES 2Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books [SRB]1. any standard gazetteer2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.2. How are people buried in Marrakech?3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."(para 3)4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece?9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ?6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase:1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para3)4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9)5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16)9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17)10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. (para 19)12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (para 26)Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words:1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11)6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26) Ⅶ. Discriminate the followi ng groups of synonyms:1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language2. Webs ter’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:1. burying-ground2. gravestone3. mid-air4. overcrowding5. nine-tenthsSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. any standard dictionary2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island. dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them.Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming.6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only fora few days.9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach.10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ .Read the following p aragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achievingunity? Give your reasons.1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot.2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening. However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the bite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason-- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food appeals to me?Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank:fell come did firedpulled feel sagged collapsegoes altered slobbered climbedwent paralysed settled droopingjolt seemed imagined knockfalling tower reaching trumpetedshake cameWhen I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home -- but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had ________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had_________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might have been five seconds, I dare say – he _______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have ______ upon him. One could have ______him thousands of years old. I _______again into the same spot. At the second shot he did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fired a third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could see the agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed beneath him he seemed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________, his belly towards me, with a crash that seemed to _________ the ground even where I lay.XIII. Topics for oral work:1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay?2. Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support your XIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident to the reader.习题全解Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centersof Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7. See paragraph 18.8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the otherdirection?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves. Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon thisfact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a pieceof luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil． 11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the 。
Lesson 2 Marrakech马拉喀什
Detailed Learning--Para. 1
• As the corpse went past the flies left the restaurant table
in a cloud and rushed after it, but they came back a few minutes later.
• traveled widely (including
Marrakech). His travel made him take a hostile attitude toward imperialism. He showed deep sympathy for the poor and became a firm supporter of socialism.
• 当你穿行也这样的城镇——其居民20万中至少有2万是除
了一身聊以蔽体的破衣烂衫之外完全一无所有——当你看 到那些人是如何生活，又如何动辄死亡时，你永远难以相 信自己是行走在人类之中。
Detailed Learning--Para. 3
• All colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact. • 1) this fact: the people in the colonies are not treated as human
• 1) rise out of: be born in (metaphor) • 2) sweat and starve: work hard but make little money(alliteration) • 3) gone: dead • 他们来到这个世界，受苦受累，忍饥挨饿几年，然后被埋
• 1) the corpse went past: more vivid than it was carried past
高级英语Lesson2（BooK2）Marrakech课后练习级答案
EXERCISES 2Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco. Suggested Reference Books [SRB] 1. any standard gazetteer 2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content: 1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them. 2. How are people buried in Marrakech? 3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."(para 3) 4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like? 5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"? 6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point? 7. How was land cultivated in Morocco? 8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece? 9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation: 1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value? 2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery? 3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ? 6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase: 1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummockyearth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2) 2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para 3) 3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para 3) 4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9) 5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10) 6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10) 7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16) 8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16) 9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17) 10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17) 11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say asa beast of burden. (para 19) 12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21) 13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23) 14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25) 15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (para 26)Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words: 1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2) 2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6) 3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7) 4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9) 5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11) 6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18) 7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19) 8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23) 9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26)Ⅶ. Discriminate the following groups of synonyms: 1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan 2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria 3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkle Suggested Reference Books [ SRB ] 1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language 2. Webster’s New Dictionary of Synonyms 3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each: 1. burying-ground 2. gravestone 3. mid-air 4. overcrowding 5. nine-tenths Suggested Reference Books [ SRB ] 1. any standard dictionary 2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases: 1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island. 2.The dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming. 3.The educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government. 4.They have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them. 5.The Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming. 6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity. 7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge. 8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only for a few days. 9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach. 10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leatherbag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ .Read the following paragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achieving unity? Give your reasons. 1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot. 2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not atall fattening. However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the bite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason-- thebeautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food appeals to me?Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank: fell come did fired pulled feel sagged collapse goes altered slobbered climbed went paralysed settled drooping jolt seemed imagined knock falling tower reaching trumpeted shake came When I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home -- but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had ________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though thefrightful impact of the bullet had _________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might have been five seconds, I dare say – he _______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have______ upon him. One could have ______him thousands of years old.I _______again into the same spot. At the second shot he didnot_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . Ifired a third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could see the agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed beneath him he seemed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________, his belly towards me, with a crash that seemed to _________ the ground even where I lay.XIII. Topics for oral work: 1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay? 2. Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support your XIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident to the reader.习题全解Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centers of Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. Thecity was formerly also called Morocco. Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood. 2. See paragraphs 1 and 2. 3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags. 4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic. 5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred. 6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’sonly because of this that the starved countries of Asia andAfrica are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded. 7. See paragraph 18. 8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden. 9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves.Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings. 4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay. 5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing". 6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple butforceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings. IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be putup. 2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the peoplein the colonies as human beings). 3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name. 4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making. 5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited. 6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford. 7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable. 8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings. 9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)． 10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil． 11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。
高级英语第二册第二课Marrakech
• Sometimes, out for a walk as you break your way through the prickly pear, you notice that it is rather bumpy underfoot, and only a certain regularity in the bumps tells you that you are walking over skeletons.”
•
They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone.
他似没有牢记这些事实?他似乎没有牢记这些事实
Paragraph 3
• Could you find the thesis of this essay?
detail study
• “own literally nothing except the rags they stand up in” • the rags they stand up in：the rags which they were wearing as they there The shabby, much worn rags they are wearing at the moment are the only clothes they own.
Could you find the thesis of this essay?
• All colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact. • And in this paragraph the writer exposes the evils of colonialism
高级英语Lesson 2 (BooK 2) Marrakech 课后练习级答案之欧阳学文创作
EXERCISES 2欧阳学文Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books [SRB]1. any standard gazetteer2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.2. How are people buried in Marrakech?3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."(para 3)4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a fivesou piece?9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4. Could paras 47 just as well come after 815 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ?6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase:1. The buryingground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, likea derelict buildinglot. (para 2)2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para3)4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chairlegs at lightning speed. (para 9)5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16)9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17)10. for ninetenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. (para 19)12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reachmedown khaki uniforms(para 23)14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (para 26)Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the italicized words:1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)5. as the Jews live in a selfcontained community (para 11)6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reachmedown khaki uniforms (para 23)9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26) Ⅶ. Discriminate the following gr oups of synonyms:1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language2. Webster’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 510 examples of each:1. buryingground2. gravestone3. midair4. overcrowding5. ninetenthsSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. any standard dictionary2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs.List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the fo llowing sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.2.The dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.3.The educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.4.They have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them.5.The Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming.6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only fora few days.9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach.10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ .Read the following paragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achieving unity? Give your reasons.1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt forsomething to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be cultivated. As summer approaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot.2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening. However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lowerpriced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish) or shabushabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the bitesized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason the beautiful little dolllike waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food appeals to me?Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank:fell come did firedpulled feel sagged collapsegoes altered slobbered climbedwent paralysed settled droopingjolt seemed imagined knockfalling tower reaching trumpetedshake cameWhen I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or____________the kick one never does when a shot ___________ home but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had_________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time it might have been five seconds, I dare say – he_______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have ______ upon him. One could have ______him thousands of years old. I _______again into the same spot. At the second shot he did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fired a third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could see the agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed beneath him he seemed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________, his belly towards me, with a crash that seemed to _________ the ground even where I lay.XIII. Topics for oral work:1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay?2. Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support your XIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of preliberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev ident to the reader.习题全解Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centers of Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakechovercrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7. See paragraph 18.8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves. Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.4. Paragraphs 47 could as well come after 815 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central themeall colonial empires are in reality founded upon this factgives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid styleand fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buringground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very oldfashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chairlegs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark holelike cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a whiteskinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil． 11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。
高级英语Lesson2Marrakech课后练习级答案
EXERCISES 2Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books [SRB]1.any standard gazetteer2.Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.2.How are people buried in Marrakech?3.Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in realityfounded upon that fact."(para 3)4.What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?5.Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?7.How was land cultivated in Morocco?8.Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave hera five-sou piece?9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past? Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1.The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are alwayspolitical. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything ofvalue?2. Orwell describes humansuffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys butconceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4.Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before?Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does thisindicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5.Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism?Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evilthing" ?ment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention tosignificant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase:1.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth,like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless moundsof the graveyard (para3)4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9)5.Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was afrenzied rush of Jews (para 10)6.every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more orless impossible luxury (para 10)7.Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)8.In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything exceptthe human beings. (para 16)9.No one would think of running cheap trips to theDistressed Areas. (para 17)10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil(para 17)11.She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say asa beast of burden. (para 19)12.People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)13.Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-downkhaki uniforms (para 23)14.How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?(para 25)15. Every white manthere had this thought stowed somewhereor other in his mind. (para 26)Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali -cized words:1.wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)2.an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)3.he stowed it gratefully (para 7)4.his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)5.as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11)6.the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)7.all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)8.their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-downkhaki uniforms (para 23)9.so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26)Ⅶ. Discriminate the followi ng groups of synonyms:1.wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2.frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3.glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1.Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language2.Webs ter ’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3.Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:1.burying-ground2.gravestone3.mid-air4.overcrowding5.nine-tenths1.any standard dictionary2.any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs.List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and giveyour reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination.Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses,appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk,and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is stillbeing plowed for profitless wheat farming.educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.have wasted their natural resources, but they should haveprotected and conserved them.Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon othersettlers were coming.6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or nopublicity.7. QueenMary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.8.I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was onlyfor a few days.9.It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawledout and made my way to the beach.10.I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leatherbag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ.Read the following p aragraphs and then answer the questions: 1)What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achievingunity? Give your reasons.1.Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There isalways the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grainplanted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmermust be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to begathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustlingaround from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves onthe trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warmingcover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt forsomething to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them.After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peacefulevening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer hasmore work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must becultivated. As summerap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fullydeveloped, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his haycrop to rot.2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I wasgrowing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of thebest things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening. However, mostJapanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants.Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on agleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables,and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For theAmerican who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these plattersand trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reasonfor liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing inAmerican or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (rawfish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing thebite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from themale point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for anotherreason-- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonderJapanese food appeals to me?Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank : fell come did firedpulled feel sagged collapsegoes altered slobbered climbedwent paralysed settled droopingjolt seemed imagined knockfalling tower reaching trumpetedshake cameWhen I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home--but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from thecrowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought,even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but everyline of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had_________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might have been five seconds, I dare say–he_______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have ______ upon him. One could have ______him thousandsof years old. I _______again into the same spot. At the second shothe did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet andstood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fireda third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could seethe agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed beneath him he seemedto_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree.He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________,his belly towards me, with a crash that seemedto _________ the ground even where I lay.XIII. Topics for oral work:1.What can you infer about the author's political attitude fromthis essay?2.Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support yourXIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the sufferingand poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintainan objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident tothe reader.习题全解Ⅰ. Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of thehigh Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport.The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centersof Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by theFrench in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited towinter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free fromforeign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement dividedMorocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member ofthe United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organizationof African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to growtheir own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty - (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of themunicipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives ofthe Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) theold women carrying fire wood.2.See paragraphs 1 and 2.3.All the imperialists build up their empires by treating thepeople in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4.Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters inMarrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrowstreet, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirtyand unhygienic.5.If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible.It ’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa areaccepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as humanbeings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7.See paragraph 18.8.The old woman was surprised because someone was takingnotice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted herstatus as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kiddingthese people? How long before they turn their guns in the otherdirection?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Someday they would rise up in revolt and free themselves.Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils ofcolonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty,misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2.He managesto show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first,through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in whichhe describes these scenes and finally,by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towardsthe fate of the human beings.3.Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receiveevokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the whitemasters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast haveon the reader an effect that the people are not considered nortreated as human beings.4.Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before.Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates thatthe whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The centraltheme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5.This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, hehas succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6.Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forcefulwords and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficientlyconveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires arein reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are notconsidered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on whicha building was going to be put up.2.All the imperialists build up their empires by treating thepeople in the colonies like animals (by not treating the peoplein the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4.Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashionedlathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legshe is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a pieceof luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region,you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the touriststo visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ . would not be interesting)．10 ．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11 ．She took it for granted that as an old womanshe was the lowest in the。
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词汇(Vocabulary): pass through by twisting，turning，or weaving in and out 穿过，通过----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a round fruit with a red，leathery rind and many seeds covered with red，juicy，edible flesh；the bush or small tree that bears it石榴；石榴树----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a simple liturgical song in which a string of syllables or words is sung to each tune(礼拜仪式唱的)单调的歌----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a platform or portable framework on which a coffin or corpse is placed棺材架；尸体架----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: break up(1and)with a hoe，mattock，etc．(用锄等)翻地，挖(土) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: longer than broad；elongated长方形的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: full of lumps；covered with lumps多块状物的；凹凸不平的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: full of or looking like low，rounded hills布满小丘的；似小圆丘的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: deserted by the owner；abandoned；forsaken无主的；被遗弃的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a plot of ground一块地----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: without clear qualities or distinctive characteristics无区别的；无显著特点的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a heap or bank of earth，sand，etc．built over a grave，in a fortification，etc．土堆；堤；坟堆----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: full of prickles多刺的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: any of a genus of cactus plants having cylindrical or large，flat，oval stem joints and edible fruits仙人掌(属)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: full of bumps；rough；jolting崎岖不平的；颠簸的；震摇的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: any of various small，swift，graceful antelopes瞪羚----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: either of the two hind legs and the adjoining loin of a carcass of veal，beef，lamb，etc．；[p1.]the hind part of a four—legged animal(牛、羊、猪等的)后腿肉；[复](四肢动物的)后躯----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: take small，cautious，or gentle bites小口地咬；谨慎地咬(啃)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: strike or push with the head or horns：ram with the head(用头或角)撞击；顶撞----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: any point in space，not in contact with the ground or other surface空中；上空----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: n unskilled laborer，as on canals，roads，etc．劳工；无特殊技术的工人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: move sideways，esp．in a shy or stealthy manner(羞怯或偷偷地)侧身行走----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: pack or store away；fill by packing in an orderly way装载；装进；收藏 municipality n．a city，town. etc．having its own incorporated government for local affairs自治市(或镇)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: (in certain European cities)a section to which Jews were formerly restricted(某些欧洲城市中从前的)犹太人居住区----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: giving or feeling physical pain；painful疼痛的；感到疼痛的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a light，closefitting，brimless cap，usually worn indoors(室内戴的)无沿便帽----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: overrun or inhabit in large numbers，usually so as to be harmful or bothersome；swarm in or over(虫害等)侵扰；骚扰；蔓延----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a stall for the sale of goods，as at markets or fairs(市场或集市上的)货摊；摊店，摊棚----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: pertaining to ancient times，very old-fashioned 老式的；古旧的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: become bent or twisted out of shape变弯曲；变歪----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: full of uncontrolled excitement疯狂的，狂乱的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: make a loud confused noise or shout；cry out喧嚷，喧嚣，吵闹----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: feel or search about blindly，hesitantly，or uncertainly 摸索；探索----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: having within oneself or itself all that is necessary；self-sufficient，as a community自给自足的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: the power or practices of witches: black magic；sorcery 巫术；魔法----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: satisfying；solid；substantial[口]令人满意的；充实的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: attracting attention by being unexpected，unusual，outstanding惹人注目的，显眼的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: orchard果园----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a member of a legion军团的成员----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: requiring great physical exertion；very tiring 费劲的；辛苦的，累人的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: uninhabited；deserted荒无人烟的，荒凉的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a type of plant whose leaves grow in groups of three and which is used for feeding farm animals紫花苜蓿----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: gorse food for cattle，horses，sheep，etc. as cornstalks，hay and straw(牛、马、羊的)粗饲料；饲草----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: put a yoke on；join together；link用轭连起；连合；连结----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a heavy frame with spikes or sharp—edged disks，drawn by a horse 0r tractor and used for breaking up and leveling plowed ground，covering seeds，rooting up weeds，etc．耙----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a narrow groove made in the ground by a plow沟，畦；犁沟----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: the act of trickling；a slow，small flow滴，淌；细流；----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: the layer of soil beneath the surface soil底土，下层土，----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: shrivel or dry up干瘪；枯干；成木乃伊状----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: go unsteadily，haltingly，etc．蹒跚----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: 1ike leather in appearance or texture. tough and flexible(外观或质地)似皮革的；坚韧的，粗硬的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: cause to become very angry；enrage(使)发怒，激怒----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: execrably该诅咒地；极坏地----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a saddle with fastenings to secure and balance the load carried by a pack animal驮鞍----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a head harness for guiding a horse马勒----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a rope，cord，strap，etc．，usually with a headstall，for tying or leading an animal；a bitless headstall，with or without a lead rope缰绳；(马)笼头----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: the bowels；entrails[常用复]内脏----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: condition or state of affairs；esp，now, an awkward．sad，or dangerous situation情况；状态；(现尤指)苦境；困境或险境----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: injure or make sore by rubbing；chafe擦伤，擦痛；磨----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: any of a family of large，long—legged，mostly old—world wading birds．having a long neck and bill，and related to the herons 鹳----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: second—hand or ready—made(衣服)用旧的；别人用过的；现成的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: made of khaki(cloth)卡其(布)制的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: force one’s way；squeeze挤进，挤入----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: have a drooping posture or gait低头弯腰(而行)；消沉----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: inclined to ask many questions or seek information；eager to learn好询问的；好奇的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: an infectious venereal disease，caused by a spirochete and usually transmitted by sexual intercourse or acquired congenitally 梅毒----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: troops stationed in a fort or fortified place驻军；卫戍部队----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a horse ridden in battle or on parade战马, 军马----------------------------------------------------------------------------------短语 (Expressions): a complete and satisfying meal美餐丰盛的、令人满足----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: a large number of small things moving through the air as amass一团例： a cloud of locusts一群蝗虫----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: to approach or reach到达，得到例： You have to use a little ladder to get at the jars on the top shelves．你得使用一把小梯才可以拿到架子上面的坛子。