直接引语与间接引语之间的转换

【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：直接引语和间接引语及宾语从句二、教学重点直接引语和间接引语及宾语从句三、本讲重点知识讲解：直接引语与间接引语复习要点（一）、概念：直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。

用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。

直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。

直接引语变为间接引语时,多数情况下构成宾语从句或复合宾语。

如:直接引语: He often says, “China is great.”间接引语: He often says that China is great.(二) 直接引语转化成间接引语：1. 如何变人称：下面有一句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。

“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。

从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称做相应变化。

如：She said, “My brother wants to go with me.” →She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。

从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。

如果引号外的主句没有宾语。

也可以用第一人称。

如：He said to Kate. “How is your sister now?” →He asked Kate how her sister was then。

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。

如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。

如：Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.” →Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。

2. 如何变时态：直接引语在变为间接引语时，时态需要作相应的调整。

（1）一般现在时变为一般过去时（2）现在进行时变为过去进行时（3）一般将来时变为过去将来时（4）现在完成时变为过去完成时（5）一般过去时变为过去完成时（6）过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时现在时态需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时态；过去完成时态则保留原来的时态。

如：1) She said, “I have lost a pen.” →She said she had lost a pen.2) She said, “We hope so.”→She said they hoped so.3) She said, “He will go to see his friend.” →She said he would go to see his friend.但要注意在以下几种情况下，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。

①直接引语是客观真理。

“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth,” the teacher told me.→The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.②直接引语是过去进行时时，时态不变。

如：Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

如：Xiao Wang said, “I was born on April 2l, 1980.”→Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21, 1980.④直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语时，时态不变。

如：He said, “I get up at six every morning.” →He said he gets up at six every morning.⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）时态不变。

如：Peter said, “You had better come here today.” →Peter said I had better go there that day.3. 如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday变为the day before）；地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或由指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：He said, “These books are mine.” →He said those books were his.4. 如何变句型：①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。

如：She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether 或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, “Can you swim, John?”→He asked John if he could swim.“You have finished the homework, haven’t you?” my mother asked.→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.“Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” he asked.→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?”→She asked me when they had their dinner.④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等) sb. (not) to do sth.”句型。

如：“Don’t make any noise,” she said to the children.→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.“Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.5．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来的时态。

如果主句谓语动词为过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化： [注意]（1）如果直接引语表示客观真理，变为间接引语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。

如：The teacher said “The earth goes round the sun.”→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.（2）如果直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。

如：He said to me, “I was born in 1973.”→He told me that he was born in 1973.(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接引语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。

如：He said, “I’m a boy, not a girl.”→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯的动作，在变为间接引语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。

如：The girl said, “I get up at six every morning.”→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。

如：He said to me, “I have taught English since he came here.”→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。

例如：The teacher said to me, “You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.”→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.He said, “I could swim when I was only six.”→He said that he could swim when he was only six.6.代词等一般地应做相应的变化。

指示代词this ---thatthese--- those表示时间的词now —then today—that daythis week(month ,etc) —that week (month ,etc)yesterday —the day beforelast week(month) —the week(month) beforethree days(a year)ago—three days(a year)beforetomorrow —the next (following ) daynext week(month)—the next(following)week(month)表地点的词here —there动词bring —takecome —go【典型例题】1. Our teacher asked us _B_ our dictionaries to school.A. bringB. broughtC. bringsD. to bring2. The teacher told the boy students ____ football on the grass.A. not playB. not to playC. playedD. playing3. ____ Tom didn’t go to school?A. Do you know howB. Why do you knowC. How you know whyD. Do you know why44. She looks sad. Could you please tell me__ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A. what it isB. it is whatC. how it isD. it is how5. Betty asked her sister ___ to the railway station to see her off.A. not to comeB. not to goC. to not comeD. to not go6. The pupil asked his teacher ____ round the earth.A. weather the moon goesB. that the moon wentC. whether the moon goesD. whether the moon went7. Mr. Li ____ Wang Ling ____ a taxi to the airport.A. asked; takeB. asked; takingC. told; takeD. told; to take8. She asked him ____.A. whose dictionary this isB. whose dictionary that wasC. whose dictionary is thisD. whose dictionary that is9. Mary’s mother asked her _____.A. that whether she had finished her homeworkB. if she has finished her homeworkC. if she had finished her homeworkD. that if she had finished her homework10. Do you know ____?A. what is he doingB. what he doingC. what he is doingD. what does he do now11. I don’t know ____ to learn English.A. when did he beginB. when he beganC. he when beganD. when he begins12. He asked me ____.A. how would the weather be like tomorrowB. what the weather would be like the next dayC. how the weather would be like tomorrowD. what would the weather be like the next day13. You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Spri ng Festival presents.A. how excited they wereB. how excited were theyC. how they were excitedD. they were how excited14. She told me that she ____ by her relatives at the bus stop.A. had been seen offB. have seen offC. have been seen offD. had seen off15. Do you remember how many times ____ to Australia?A. had you beenB. did you goC. have you beenD. you have been16. Can you guess ____?A. what is that manB. who that man isC. whom that man isD. who is that man17. More and more students and teachers have began to know ____.A. how important the foreign language areB. how the foreign language is importantC. how important the foreign language isD. how important is the foreign language18. The hostess said that it ___ time that they ___ supper.A. was; hadB. was; had hadC. is; haveD. is; have had19. The boss asked his secretary ____ he had finished typing the report ____.A. if; or notB. if; notC. whether; or notD. whether; not20. I wonder how much _____.A. does he spend on his carB. did he spend on his carC. he spent on his carD. he spent in his car【模拟试题】（答题时间：80分钟）I. 请选出正确的答案：1. Where was Alice’s sister? I don’t know where ________.A. was Alice’s sisterB. Alice’s sister wasC. is Alice’s sisterD. Alice’s sister is2. What did he say? I don’t know what _________.A. did he sayB. he saysC. he has saidD. he said3. I don’t know ___________.A. the reason why can beB. why the reason may beC. what the reason can beD. what the reason may be4. Is Mr. Wu from Beijing? I don’t know ________.A. where does he come fromB. from where does he comeC. which city he comes fromD. what city he comes from5. Can you make sure ___________?A. that he will come here todayB. when he will come here todayC. will he come here todayD. whether will he come here today6. Do you happen to know ________?A. where is her addressB. in which place is her addressC. what her address isD. the place her address is7. Excuse me, but can you tell me ___________?A. where can I get to the libraryB. where I can get to the libraryC. how can I get to the libraryD. how I can get to the library8. John asked me _______ to visit his uncle’s farm with him.A. how would I likeB. if or not would I likeC. whether I would likeD. which I would like9. I’d like to know ________ Chinese.A. when he began to learnB. when did he begin to learnC. when did he begin learningD. for how long he began to learn10. I don’t know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I’ll tell you．A. if; WhetherB. whether; WhetherC. if; ThatD. if; If11. I don’t know _________ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he comeB. how will he comeC. if he comesD. whether he’ll come12. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?A. whatB. howC. whetherD. where13. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?A. how did he mendB. what did he mendC. how he mendedD. what he mended14. I want to know _________.A. whom is she looking afterB. whom she is lookingC. whom is she lookingD. whom she is looking after15. Do you know where _________ now?A. he livesB. does he liveC. he livedD. did he live16. Do you know what time _________?A. the train leaveB. does the train leaveC. will the train leaveD. the train leaves17. I don’t know _________. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are oldB. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how oldD. how old the two players are18. The small children don’t know _________.A. what is their stockings inB. what is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings inD. what in their stockings19. I can’t understand _________.A. what does Christmas meanB. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas doesD. what Christmas meansⅡ. 句型变换，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. （改为间接引语）He said that ______ never ______ meat.2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me. （改为间接引语）He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. （改为间接引语）She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” （改为间接引语）The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me. （改为间接引语）He ______ me that he ______ met her the day ______.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.（改为间接引语）He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said. （改为间接引语）He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. （改为间接引语）He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” （改为间接引语）He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there.10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” （改为间接引语）He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked. （改为间接引语）He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. （改为间接引语）He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.（改为间接引语）He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said. （改为间接引语）She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.15. “Are you interested in this?” he said. （改为间接引语）He ______ ______ I was interested in ______.16. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（合并句子）→Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?17. “Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．18. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）_________ Jim _________Tom is a student.19. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）I want to know _________ the train _________.20. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not．．．until改写)They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．21. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.Ⅲ将下列句子变为间接引语：1. “You should be more careful next time,” his father said to him.2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children.”3. “I haven’t heard from my parents these days,” said Mary.4. The geography teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the ea rth and the earth goes round the sun.”5. She said to him, “It’s time that you left here.”6. Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”7. John said to his parents, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.”8. The history t eacher said to them, “The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st, 1921.”9. He said, “Are you a student?”10. “Have you anything interesting I can read, George?” she said.11. “She’s here to ask for help, isn’t she?” he asked.12. “Where are you going?” the father asked his son.13. “Are you sorry for what you have done?” the mother asked the naughty boy.14. She said, “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago, Mr. Li?”15. “Write your names on your papers first,” the teacher said to us.16. “Please come here again tomorrow,” her friend said to her.17. “Let me pack the parcel for you,” he said.18. “Don’t make so much noise in class, boys and girls,” said the teacher.19. “What a lovely day it is!”20. “Happy New Year to you!” he said.【试题答案】I. 1~4 B D C C 5~9 A C D C A 10—14 DDDCD 15—19 ADDBDII.1. he, ate2. told, had found his3. she had taken4. rises, goes5. told, had, before6. had, there7. had, before8. asked if (whether), before9. told, could10. how she had11. where I had, those12. if (whether) I, lived13. told, to stop14. not to tell15. asked if (whether), that16. if／whether; enjoys17. if／whether; needed18. Neither; nor19. when; leaves20. didn’t; until21. whether; cameIII.1. His father told him that he should be more careful the next time.2. Mr. Wang told the children that he would leave for Shanghai on business the next month.3. Mary said that she hadn’t heard from her parents those days.4. The geography teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.5. She told him that it was time that he left there.6. Zhang Hong told me that Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.7. John told his parents that he had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.8. The history teacher told them that the Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st, 1921.9. He asked whether I was a student.10. She asked George if he had anything interesting she could read.11. He asked whether she was there to ask for help or not.12. The father asked his son where he was going.13. The mother asked the naughty boy if he was sorry for what he had done.14. She asked Mr. Li whether he had met that man at the station two hours before.15. The teacher told us to write our names on our papers first.16. Her friend asked her to go there again the next/ following day.17. He offered to pack the parcel for me.18. The teacher told the boys and girls not to make so much noise in class.19. He/ She exclaimed that it was really a lovely day.20. He wished me a Happy New Year.。