苏格兰UK近海风能发展PaulOBrien

•Political Overview•Market Overview•Offshore Wind Energy in UK Today •UK Market ProjectionsScottish Targets -•31% of power from Renewables by 2011•50% by 2020•Currently at 20%•Emission reduction target of 80% by 2050UK Targets –•10% of power from Renewables by 2010•20% by 2020•Currently at 5%•Kyoto target 60% emission reductionby 2050European Targets•The European Heads of State have agreed atarget of 20% of primary energy supply fromrenewable energy by 2020 for all member statesGovernment Targets “act now or pay later”Sir Nicholas SternPolitical Overview “Scotland to be a powerhouse of Renewable Energy”Alex Salmond, First Minister•Political Overview•Market Overview•Offshore Wind Energy in UK Today •UK Market ProjectionsUK Market DriversUK has signed up to the EU’s Primary Energy Directive•20% of all energy requirements from Renewable Energy•To meet this a new target of 35% of electricity from Renewables by 2020 UK Government has identified Offshore Wind as the major contributor towards the 2020 target.Two bid rounds for offshore site licences already completed.•Round 1 -15 sites totalling 1,726MW•Round 2 –15 sites totalling 7,105MWCrown Estates Round Three bid process will begin the end of 2008•Expected to total 25GW•More wind farm sites will be in deeper water circa 30m plusScotland has 25% of Europe‘s offshore wind energy potentialThe bulk of this resource is in deepwater >40mOffshore Oil & Gas Legacy•31 billion boe(barrels of oil equivalent) produced since 1965, with 24-32 billion boe remainingreserves•> €300 billion invested in UK offshore sector by industry since mid 1960s•2001 -UK was world’s 4th largest gas producing country and 10th largest oil producer•2,000 specialised companies employing 100,000 people•UK expects to deploy 18GW of offshore wind power by 2015 rising to 33GW by 2020•Scottish Energy Policy to diversify Oil & Gas companies into the Renewable Energy sector,particularly marine energy.Market Overview•Political Overview•Market Overview•Offshore Wind Energy in UK Today •UK Market ProjectionsRound 1 ProjectsLocation Status Capacity Developer/TurbinesNorth Hoyle Operating (Dec 2003)60 MW npower renewables(Vestas2 MW) Scroby Sands Operating (Dec 2004)60 MW E.ON UK Renewables (Vestas 2 MW) Kentish Flats Operating (Sep 2005)90 MW DONG Energy (Vestas 3 MW)Barrow Operating (Sept 2006)90 MW Centrica/DONG Energy (Vestas3 MW) Burbo Bank Operating (Oct 2007)90 MW DONG Energy (Vestas 3.0 MW)Solway Firth Under Construction180 MW E.ON UK Renewables (Vestas 3.0MW) Lynn/Inner Dowsing Under Construction194 MW Centrica (Siemens 3.6 MW)Gunfleet Sands Under Construction172 MW DONG Energy (Siemens 3.6 MW)Rhyl Flats Under Construction90 MW npower renewables (Siemens 3.6 MW) Cromer Approved30 turbines Norfolk Offshore Wind/EDFScarweather Sands Approved30 turbines E.ON UK Renewables/Energi E2Teesside Approved30 turbines Northern Offshore Wind/EDFOrmonde *Approved30 turbines Eclipse EnergyCirrus Shell Flat Array Submitted90 turbines ScottishPower/Eurus/ Shell/DONG Energy Tunes Plateau *Submitted30 turbines RES/B9 EnergySource: British Wind Energy Association, March 08Round 1 Project LocationsSource: British Wind Energy Association, March 08The demonstrator projects at Blyth –4MWBeatrice –10MWAre also shown on the mapBeatrice WindRound 2 ProjectsUK Offshore Wind Energy OverviewSource: British Wind Energy Association, March 08Scotland’s Lead in Offshore Beatrice Offshore WindDemonstrator –Four world firsts •At 5MW it’s the largest wind turbine to be deployed offshoreanywhere in the world and inthe deepest water•At 45 metres it’s in the deepest water in the world•First use of oil & gas jacket technology for offshore windfoundations•The complete turbine wasconstructed on land and takenout to the site in an uprightpositionProjects•The joint Talisman Energy and Scottish & Southern Energy Beatrice Offshore WindProject has proved the concept ofsuccessfully deploying 5MW machines in deep water•Scottish company, BurntilsandFabrications, are to supply the 30quadruped jacket structures for theOrmonde Offshore Wind project•Talisman Energy/SSE are looking at expanding the Beatrice project to a 200 turbine wind farm (1000MW)•The Robin Rigg 180MW project, to be completed in 2008, will be the largestoffshore wind farm yet to be constructed in the UK.Eclipse Energy been given the go ahead to develop their Round 1 offshore wind farm (108MW) off Walney Island on the Cumbrian West Coast in conjunction with their two undeveloped gas fields, Ormonde North and South, in the same area.The Natural Gas turbine platforms at both fields will share the same subsea cable infrastructure as the wind farm and generate 93MW Eclipse have selected BiFab jackets for their wind turbine substructures as the water depth is 30mOrmonde Wind & Gas HybridOffshore Wind Energy•Political Overview•Market Overview•Offshore Wind Energy in UK Today •UK Market Projections•Crown Estate and BERRexpected to issue site licencesfor up to 25GW of offshore wind•Many of these sites will be indeeper water, 30-50m•BERR currently carrying out aSEA (Strategic EnvironmentalAssessment) to identity sites•Licences will be awarded under competitive tender rules•Up to 5 such sites expected to be in Scotland•Most Third Round wind farms will be in the 500-1000MW range •Consortia bids expected from many of the companies alreadyactive in the Round 2 projectsCompanies Active in the UK Offshore Wind MarketEuropean Offshore Supergrid•Airtricity are planning a Europeanoffshore wind grid in the North Seaand Atlantic region•They are already in partnership withSwiss company, ABB, and will usetheir Voltage Source Converter -High Voltage Direct Current (VSCHVDC) technology.•Rather than point to point interconnectors, the VSC HVDC system will be an offshore network and act as an extension of theonshore grid –a multi terminal network•New sections of this Supergrid will be added as more offshore wind, wave and tidal projects come to fruition•The system as a whole will offer 70% availabilitySupergrid Foundation Project•Airtricity are lobbying thegovernments of the UK, Germanyand the Netherlands between whichthe initial Foundation Project will liein the North Sea•Consortium will need to raise €20Bnfor this Foundation Project –a10,000MW wind farm development,potentially from the EIB (EuropeanInvestment Bank)•2000 wind turbine units of 5MW each, on a €2bn offshore grid infrastructure based on ABB’s HVDC Light transmissiontechnology. (VSC HVDC)•Airticity is currently looking for partners for this project•Report from Crown Estates showingfeasibility of sub sea cable networkto link the Shetland and OrkneyIsles and the East Coast•To bring the power from wind farmsin Shetland, wave and tidal powerin the Orkneys and link up withRound Three offshore wind projectsdown the East Coast•Offshore grid infrastructure based on ABB’s HVDC Light transmission technology. Core cost £1.7bn•The VSC HVDC substations will be spokes of a flexible offshore grid network and could link up to other networks such as theEuropean SupergridUK Offshore Wind Market Projections Scottish East Coast –2020 Network•Report from Crown Estates showingfeasibility of sub sea cable networkto link the Shetland and OrkneyIsles and the East Coast•To bring the power from wind farmsin Shetland, wave and tidal powerin the Orkneys and link up withRound Three offshore wind projectsdown the East Coast•Offshore grid infrastructure based on ABB’s HVDC Light transmission technology. Core cost £1.7bn•The VSC HVDC substations will be spokes of a flexible offshore grid network and could link up to other networks such as the European Supergrid。