2019年上海高考崇明区高考物理二模

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上海市崇明区2019届高三物理下学期质量调研(二模)试题(含解析)

上海市崇明区2019届高三物理下学期质量调研(二模)试题(含解析)

上海市崇明区2019届高三物理下学期质量调研(二模)试题(含解析)一、单项选择题1.下列哪个实验揭示了原子具有核式结构A. 阴极射线实验B. 光电效应实验C. α粒子轰击氮核实验D. α粒子散射实验【答案】D【解析】【详解】卢瑟福的α粒子散射实验揭示了原子具有核式结构,故选D.2.下列国际单位中,表示能量单位的是A. kg·m/sB. kg·m/s2C. kg·m2/s2D. kg·m2/s【答案】C【解析】【详解】kg·m/s表示动量单位,选项A错误;kg·m/s2表示力的单位,选项B错误;kg·m2/s2是能量单位,选项C正确,D错误。

3.下图是22286Rn(氡核)发生α衰变过程中,氡核的相对含量随时间的变化图线,从图中可知,氡的半衰期为A. 1.6天B. 3.8天C. 7.6天D. 11.4天【答案】B【解析】【详解】从图中可以看出,氡核的相对含量为12时所需的时间为3.8天,则氡的半衰期为3.8天,故选B.4.用某单色光照射金属表面,金属表面有光电子飞出.若照射光的频率增大,强度减弱,则单位时间内飞出金属表面的光电子的A. 能量增大,数量增多B. 能量减小,数量减少C. 能量增大,数量减小D. 能量减小,数量增多【答案】C【解析】【详解】根据E=hv知,照射光的频率增大,则光子能量增大,光的强度减弱,单位时间内发出光电子的数目减少。

故C正确,ABD错误。

5.图示,虚线AB和CD分别为椭圆的长轴和短轴,相交于O点,两个等量异号点电荷分别位于椭圆的两个焦点M、N上.若取无穷远为零电势.则下列判断中正确的是A. O点的电场强度为零B. O点的电势大于零C. A、B两点场强相同D. 电荷在A点电势能大于在B点电势能【答案】C【解析】【详解】根据等量异种电荷电场线的特点可知,O点场强的方向向右,不是0.故A错误;MN 是O的中点,则点电势等于无穷远得到电势,等于零,选项B错误;根据等量异种电荷电场线的特点可知,A点场强的方向向左,B点场强的方向向左,然后结合库仑定律可知,两点场强的大小相等,故C正确;A点的电势高于B点,则正电荷在A点的电势能大于在B点的电势能;负电荷在A点电势能小于在B点电势能,选项D错误.6.奥运会比赛项目撑杆跳高如图所示,这个过程中能力关系描述正确的是A. 加速助跑过程中,运动员的动能和重力势能不断增加B. 起跳上升过程中,杆的弹性势能先增加后减小C. 起跳上升过程中,运动员的重力势能和动能之和保持不变D. 运动员到达横杆正上方时,动能为零 【答案】B 【解析】【详解】加速助跑过程中,运动员的动能不断增加,重力势能不变,选项A 错误;起跳上升过程中,杆先逐渐弯曲然后伸直,则杆的弹性势能先增加后减小,选项B 正确;起跳上升过程中,运动员和杆的系统动能、重力势能和弹性势能之和守恒,因杆的弹性势能先增加后减小,则运动员的重力势能和动能之和先减小后增加,选项C 错误;运动员到达横杆正上方时,由于有水平速度,则动能不为零,选项D 错误.7.我国高分系列卫星的高分辨对地观察能力不断提高。

2019年上海市各区高考物理二模试题及答案汇总(合集)

2019年上海市各区高考物理二模试题及答案汇总(合集)

第二学期期中质量监控试卷高三物理一、单项选择题(共40分。

第1-8小题,每小题3分,第9-12小题,每小题4分.每小题只有一个正确答案)1.下列单位中属于基本物理量单位的是()A.牛顿B.库仑C.安培D.伏特2.电磁波与机械波具有的共同性质是()A.都能在真空中传播B.都能传输能量C.都有横波和纵波D.都需要介质传播3.下列实验中,找到电荷间相互作用规律的实验是()A.库仑扭秤实验B.卡文迪什实验C.密立根油滴实验D.奥斯特电流磁效应实验4.如图所示,竖直放置的铁丝框中的肥皂膜,在太阳光的照射下会形成()A.彩色的水平干涉条纹B.彩色的竖直干涉条纹C.黑白相间的水平干涉条纹D.黑白相间的竖直干涉条纹5.一个小球在细绳的拉力作用下,绕某固定点在竖直平面内作圆周运动,空气阻力不计。

小球在运动过程中不发生改变的物理量是()A.速度B.角速度C.加速度D.机械能6.如图所示的是点电荷与平板带电体电场的电场线图,A为平板带电体附近点,B为点电荷附近的点。

下面说法中正确的是()A.B点电势必高于A点电势B.A点电势必高于B点电势C.A点电场强度必大于B点电场强度D.B点电场强度必大于A点电场强度7.关于天然放射现象,下列说法中正确的是()A.β衰变说明原子核里有电子B.放射性物质的温度升高,其半衰期将缩短C.γ射线的电离作用很强,可用来消除有害静电D .原子核经过一次β衰变后,核内中子数减少1个8.关于分子力,下列说法中正确的是 ( ) A .气体总是很容易充满容器,这是分子间存在斥力的宏观表现 B .气体压缩过程中越来越困难,这是分子间存在斥力的宏观表现 C .用力拉铁棒的两端,铁棒没有断,这是分子间存在吸引力的宏观表现D .布朗运动中的花粉微粒在不停地作无规则运动,这是分子间存在斥力的宏观表现 9.小球从某一高度自由落下,落到水平桌面后反弹,如此数次落下和反弹。

若规定竖直向下为正方向,不计碰撞时间和空气阻力,下列v -t 图像中能正确描述小球运动的是( )10.物体与粗糙斜面一起沿水平面向左匀变速运动,物体和斜面相对静止,如图所示。

2019年4月上海崇明区九年级初三二模物理试卷及参考答案、评分标准(word版)

2019年4月上海崇明区九年级初三二模物理试卷及参考答案、评分标准(word版)

崇明区2018~2019学年第二学期教学质量调研试卷九年级理化(物理部分)2019.4考生注意:1. 本试卷满分90分,理化合卷用时100分钟;2. 答案必须填写在答题卡上。

一、选择题(共16分)下列各题均只有一个正确选项,请将正确选项的代号用2B铅笔填涂在答题纸的相应位置上,更改答案时,用橡皮擦去,重新填涂。

1.使用WiFi上网,它传递信息用到的是A.超声波B.次声波C.无线电波D.声呐2.去年年底,我国成功发射的嫦娥四号探测器探测的星球是A.太阳B.火星 C.地球D.月球3.用大小不同的力敲打鼓面,可以改变声音的A.传播速度B.响度C.音调D.音色4.汽车获得动力的冲程是A.吸气冲程B.压缩冲程C.做功冲程D.排气冲程5.下列最能证明大气压存在的是A.马德堡半球实验 B.托里拆利实验C.热气球升空实验 D.离心式水泵抽水6.下列事例属于省力杠杆的是A.用镊子换药B.用筷子夹菜C.用扫帚扫地 D.用钳子截断铁丝7.图1所示电路中,电源电压不变.闭合电键S,当滑动变阻器的滑片P向右移动时,则A.A表示数与A1表示数的差值变大B.A表示数与A1表示数的比值变大C.V表示数与A表示数的比值变大D.V表示数与A1表示数的乘积变大8.装有不同液体的甲、乙两烧杯,放入两个完全相同的物体,当物体静止后两烧杯中液面恰好相平,如图2所示.液体对甲、乙两烧杯底部的压强分别是p甲、p乙,液体对两物体的浮力分别是F甲、F乙,下列判断正确的是A.p p>甲乙,F F=甲乙B.p p=甲乙,F F>甲乙C.p p<甲乙,F F=甲乙D.p p=甲乙,F F<甲乙二、填空题(第9题~第13题,每格1分,第14、15题,每格2分,共23分)9.早教电动玩具车既能在地面行驶,又能点唱儿歌古诗.放进电池仓里的每节新干电池的电压为(1)伏,玩具车上的电灯与喇叭是(2)的(选填“串联”或“并联”),玩具车使用时消耗的是(3)能.10.运动员在跳水比赛中用力蹬跳板,跳板弯曲说明力可以使物体发生(4);在划艇比赛中,运动员用力向后划桨,艇快速向前运动,这表明物体间力的作用是(5)的;在射击比赛中,子弹离开枪膛后,由于子弹具有(6)继续向前飞行.11.2018年5月21日5点28分,西昌卫星发射中心用长征四号丙运载火箭,成功发射嫦娥四号中继星“鹊桥”,发射过程中,“鹊桥”外壳的内能(7)(选填“增大”、“不变”或“减少”),这是通过(8)的方法使之内能发生改变的;发射过程中,“鹊桥”的重力势能(9)(选填“增大”、“不变”或“减少”)。

2019年崇明区二模物理参考答案

2019年崇明区二模物理参考答案
(2)R2=U2/I2=(UU1)/I1
=(6伏2伏)/0.2安=20欧
公式、代入和结果各1分(说明:分步计算正确也给分)
(3)当电压表V达到满刻度时,U1=3伏,
即电压表V示数为3伏;1分
I1=U1/R1=3伏/10欧=0.3安,即电流表A示数为0.3安。1分
当电流表A达到满刻度时,I1=0.6安,即电流表A示数为0.6安;U1=I1R1=0.6安10欧=6伏,即电压表V示数为6伏1分
两条公式各1分,共2分、代入和答案1分
(3)当水充满容器时,水对容器底部的压强最大,所以排开水的体积为
V=sh=8×10-3m2×0.03m=2.4×10-4m3(1分)
据题意可得:ρ物V物g=ρ水gV排(1分)
ρ物=ρ水V排/V物=0.75103千克/米3
故物块密度ρ物≥0.75103千克/米3(1分)
(说明:必须写三组数据,但如1与2或4、与5写入则不得分);
(12)减小;(13)两倍
(4)(14)甲、乙、丙。(说明:错选、漏选均不得分)
26.(1)(15)见图(变阻器A接线柱与电流表“—”接线柱);
(2)(16)偏暗;
(3)(17)0.6;
(4)(18)小灯泡。
10.(4)形变;(5)相互;(6)惯性
11.(7)增大;(8)做功;(9)增大
12.(10)9;(11)18;(12)向东
13.(13)0.5;(14)5;(15)6
14.(1)(16)(一定)R断路(说明:只写R得1分)
(2)(17)(一定)L断路(说明:只写L得1分)
15.(1)(18)ab或ae(说明:只写一组得1分)
=4.2×105焦
公式、代入和结果各1分
第20题2分+2分,共

上海市崇明区2019届高三下学期质量调研(二模)物理卷及答案

上海市崇明区2019届高三下学期质量调研(二模)物理卷及答案

atm,最高压强为
atm.(设轮胎的体积不变)
17.质量为 m 的带正电的小球穿在光滑的绝缘细杆上,杆与水平面的
A
夹角为 .杆底端 B 点处固定一个与小球电量相等的正电荷.将
球从离 B 点为 2L 的 A 处释放.当小球到达 AB 中点时,小球加
速度为零.整个装置处在真空中,已知静电力常量 k 和重力加速
的速度为
,小车加速度的大
小为

光电门 1
挡光片 小车 A
光电门 2
(b)可以通过改变
(选填“小车 A”或
“重物 B”)的质量,多次重复操作,获得多组
N0
C.kg·m2/s2
D.kg·m2/s
3/4
3.右图是
222 86
Rn
(氡核)发生
衰变过程中,氡核的相对
1/2
含量随时间的变化图线,从图中可知,氡的半衰期为
1/4
A.1.6 天
B.3.8 天
1/8
C.7.6 天
D.11.4 天
1.6 3.8 7.6 11.4 t/天
4.用某单色光照射金属表面,金属表面有光电子飞出.若照射光
滑长木板固定放置,1、2 是两个固定的光电门传感器,若两光电门中心间的距离为 L.小 车 A 上固定一宽度为 d 的挡光片,在重物 B 的牵引下,小车从木板的左端开始向右加 速运动.
物理 共 5 页 第3页
(a)实验中,光电门 1、2 记录的挡光时间分
别为 Δt1 和 Δt2,则小车经过光电门 1 时
上海市崇明区 2019 届第二次高考模拟考试试卷
物理
考生注意: 1.答题前,务必在试卷与答题纸上填写学校、姓名、准考证号。 2.试卷满分 100 分,考试时间 60 分钟。 3.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。试卷包括三大部分,第一部分为单项选择题,第二部分为填空题,第三部分为综

上海市崇明县高考物理模拟考试试卷(二模)沪教版

上海市崇明县高考物理模拟考试试卷(二模)沪教版

tU Y tU YtU YtU YtU AtU B A&B Y (a)高 三 物 理(考试时间120分钟,满分150分)第I 卷(共56分)考生注意:1.答第I 卷前,考生务必在试卷和答题卡上用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、校验码,并用2B 铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和校验码。

2.第I 卷(1—20题)由机器阅卷,答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B 铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应,不能错位。

答案需要更改时,必须将原选项用橡皮擦去,重新选择。

答案不能涂写在试卷上,涂写在试卷上一律不给分。

一、单项选择题(共16分,每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确选项。

答案涂写在答题卡上) 1、随着能源危机的不断加剧,我们不但要合理节约常规能源,还要大力开发新能源,下列能源中属于新能源的是(A )石油(B )天然气(C )太阳能(D )煤炭2、铀裂变的产物之一氪90(9036Kr )是不稳定的,它经过一系列衰变最终成为稳定的锆90(9040Zr ),这些衰变是 (A )1次α衰变,6次β衰变 (B )4次β衰变(C )2次α衰变(D )2次α衰变,2次β衰变3、关于光的波粒二象性下列理解正确的是(A )当光子静止时有粒子性,光子传播时有波动性. (B )光是一种宏观粒子,但它按波的方式传播.(C )光子在空间各点出现的可能性大小(概率)可以用波动规律来描述. (D )大量光子出现的时候表现为粒子性,个别光子出现的时候表现为波动性.4、在某些电子电路中常使用如图所示的双线并绕闭合线圈,在同样情况下,这样的做法可以 (A )减少线圈的电阻大小 (B )增加线圈的电阻大小(C )增强线圈内磁场强度(D )减小线圈内磁场强度5、如图(a )所示为某一门电路符号及输入端A 、B 的电势随时间变 化关系的图像,则图(b)中能正确 反映该门电路输出端电势随时间33 E6、如图所示,两根可自由移动的靠得很近的平行长直导线,通以相反方向的电流,且12I I >,则两导线所受的安培力1F 和2F 的大小关系及其运动方向为 (A )12F F >,且相互靠近 (B )12F F <,且相互远离(C )12F F =,且相互靠近(D )12F F =,且相互远离7、一定质量的理想气体,从图示A 状态开始,经历了B 、C ,最后到D 状态,下列判断中正确的是 (A )A →B 温度升高,压强不变 (B )B →C 体积不变,压强增大 (C )C →D 分子平均动能减小(D )D 比A 点分子密度大8、如图所示的单摆,摆长为40l =cm ,摆球在0t =时刻从右侧最高点释放做简谐振动,则当1t =s 时,小球的运动情况是(A )向右加速(B )向右减速(C )向左加速 (D )向左减速二、单项选择题(共24分,每小题3分。

2019届上海市崇明区高三英语二模(含答案)

2019届上海市崇明区高三英语二模(含答案)

崇明区2019届第二次高考模拟考试试卷英语(考试时间120分钟,满分140分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A pilot. B. An airhost. C. A passenger. D. A taxi driver.2. A. In a bank. B. In a hotel. C. In a clinic. D. In a university.3. A. Order for the man. B. Recalculate the bill.C. Refuse to pay the bill.D. Give the man a discount.4. A. He forgot about the football game. B. He can’t endure the loud noise from the game.C. He thought the game was disappointing.D. He doesn’t think football games make any sense.5. A. She’d like the man to touch the report for her.B. She’s already finished her report on the movie.C. She’ll be unable to see the movie with the man.D. She prefers a different type of movie to a comedy.6. A. He’s got an extra train schedule. B. He’s going to Philadelphia by train.C. He’s already missed his train.D. He’s familiar with the train station.7. A. He’s satisfied with his job. B. He’s got trouble finding a job.C. He likes working in hot summer.D. He gets more pay than expected.8. A. The man and the woman did the research together.B. The woman did n’t work hard enough on her paper.C. The professor was content with the woman’s paper.D. The paper wasn’t as good as the woman had thought.9. A. She’ll consider the man’s invitation. B. She doesn’t want to join a gardening club.C. She doesn’t ha ve time to work in a garden.D. She’s never been formally invited into a club.10. A. He won’t vote for the woman.B. He may also run for class president.C. The woman shouldn’t have asked him for his vote.D. The woman should ask his roommate to vote for her.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Crows are particularly clever birds. B. Crows have been trained to work for a park.C. Crows are popular with theme parks.D. Crows have long been seen as symbols of evil.12. A. Collecting garbage. B. Giving gifts to visitors.C. Using various tools.D. Remembering visitors’ faces.13. A. To show visitors can be more careful to keep the park clean.B. To train more crows to clear up the park in a more rapid way.C. To communicate with crows and establish a relationship with them.D. To indicate humans can learn from nature to protect the environment.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To save space. B. To reach for the sky. C. To attract tourists. D. To be seen miles away.15. A. They fail to inspire the culture. B. They threaten the city’s development.C. They have rather odd nicknames.D. They make old landmarks hard to see.16. A. Skyscrapers are usually ugly. B. The Shard is the world’s tallest building.C. London’s upward expansion is continuing.D. London’s replaced off ice blocks with high-rises.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The expansion of the cafeteria. B. The cost of meals in the cafeteria.C. The food served in the cafeteria.D. The job opportunities in the cafeteria.18. A. Cooking food for the students. B. Serving food for the students.C. Improving meals’ nutritional value.D. Listening to complaints about service.19. A. To give nutrition lessons to students.B. To collect students’ opinions about meals.C. To find more students to work in the cafeteria.D. To ask students to try a new dish she has made.20. A. A little curious. B. Very amazed.C. Quite confused.D. A bit doubtful.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New “Star Wars” Attractions Set to Open at Disney Theme Parks in 2019 The galaxy (银河系) that seems so far, far away just got a little closer.On Tuesday, Disney announced “Star Wars: Galaxy’s Edge”, a highly (21)(expect) themed land under construct ion, would open in summer 2019 at California’s Disneyland and in late fall 2019 at Florida’s Disney World.(22) the announcement was made, officials had only said the new land would open soon.No specific date (23) (announce) for the Disneyland opening. But if past summer openings are any indication, “Galaxy’s Edge” is expected to open in late June.The additions will be Disney’s (24)(big) “single-themed land expansion” ever, according to Disney CEO Bob Iger. Each will be an expansive 14 acres (英亩). A copy of the Millennium Falcon spaceship, (25) guests will be able to pilot, will be a key attraction.Galaxy’s Edge will immerse(使沉浸于) visitors in the Star Wars universe, (26) (transport) them to a never-before-seen Star Wars planet—a remote trading port largely ignored by warring people and one of the last stops before wild space. This planet is (27) Star Wars characters and their stories will come to life. It will feature two major attractions: (28) allowing guests to pilot the Millennium Falcon and the other dropping riders into the middle of a battle. The most advanced video techniques are expected to power each attraction.Even as Galaxy’s Edge (29)(approach), Disneyland is making changes, both large and small, in advance. Recent projects have shifted queues for “Dumbo the Flying Elephant” and “It’s a Small World”. These are the efforts to improve traffic flows near the attractions. Similar changes have been made in Adventureland (30) (ease) congestion points. Work has started on a new luxury resort in Downtown Disney. Officials have closed Rainforest Café, ESPN Zone and AMC Theaters to make room.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Titanic II Could Sail as Soon as 2022If you thought the long-delayed project to launch a full-size copy of the ill-fated Royal Mail Ship Titanic was sunk in the water—think again. Just like Celine Dion sang back in 1997, the travel project will “go on and on.”Australian businessman and politician Clive Palmer, who is behind the 31 , announced in September that work on the ship had started again. The idea was first floated in 2012. It is said that the new ship will be a(n) 32 copy of the infamous ship, which sank in 1912 following a crash with an iceberg (冰山).To avoid a(n) 33 disaster, Titanic II will apparently be equipped with plenty of life boats, modern navigation (导航) and radar equipment. The first voyage, however, will take passengers from Dubai to New York, reports CruiseArabia, with the first sailing 34 to take place in 2022. Blue Star Line says the nine-decked ship will be home to 835 cabins, and 2,435 passengers will be 35 . You’ll be able to buy first-, second- and third-class tickets—just like in the original.Meanwhile tourists with plenty of money might soon have the chance to dive to the 36 of the original Titanic. American company OceanGate has planned diving trips for 2019, costing $105,129 per person.Of course, the original Titanic voyage ended in 37 , with over 1,500 people losing their lives. For many, voyages to the original ship are in bad taste. Steve Sims, founder of The Bluefish, said earlier in 2018 that he doesn’t see diving to the original one as 38 .Realistically, it’s 39 whether Titanic II will ever see the light of day—or whether the diving tours will happen soon. But one thing is for certain, more than 100 years after the Titanic’s first and only voyage, global interest in this ship shows no 40 of slowing down.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Lying in a Foreign Language Is EasierMost people don’t find it more difficult to lie in a foreign language than in their native tongue. However, things are different when telling the truth: This is clearly more difficult for many people in a foreign language than in their native one.This 41 conclusion is the result of a study conducted by two psychologists from the University of Würzburg: Kristina Suchotzki and Matthias Gamer.The two scientists presented their 42 in Journal of Experimental Psychology.Their findings could be important for a lot of processes in which the trustworthiness of certain people must be 43 . In such situations, reports by non-native speakers tend to be considered as less 44 even though they maybe truthful.Their discovery also explains another 45 , namely that people communicating in a foreign language are generally considered as less trustworthy.There are two research 46 to predict differences between deception and truth telling in a native compared to a second language.Research from cognitive (认知的)load theory suggests that lying is more difficult in a foreign language. “Compared to truth telling, lying is a cognitively more 47 task,” Kristina Suchotzki explains. Adding a foreign language imposes an additional cognitive 48 which makes lying even more difficult.Lying is easier in a foreign language: This should be true according to the emotional distance hypothesis (假设). This assumption is based on the fact that lying is 49 more emotions than staying with the truth. Liars have higher stress levels and are more tense.Research shows that compared to speaking in a native language, communicating in a second language is less 50arousing. Accordingly, this 51 emotional arousal would promote lying.To settle this question, the Würzburg psychologists conducted a number of experiments in which up to 50 test persons had to complete specific tasks. They were asked to answer a number of questions—sometimes 52 and sometimes deceptively both in their native language and in a foreign language. Some questions were 53 ; other questions were clearly emotional.The results show that it usually takes longer to answer emotional questions. Answers in the foreign language also take longer. And generally, it takes longer to tell a lie than to tell the truth. However, the time differences between deceptive and truthful answers are less 54 in a second language than in the native language.The data suggest that the increased cognitive effort is responsible for the prolongation (延长) of the truth 55 in the foreign language. The reason why this prolongation almost does not exist in lying can be explained with the emotional distance hypothesis: The greater emotional distance in a foreign language thus “cancels out” the higher cognitive load when lying.41. A. similar B. unexpected C. disappointing D. inevitable42. A. insights B. principles C. expectations D. justifications43. A. classified B. substituted C. modified D. evaluated44. A. accurate B. believable C. sensitive D. informative45. A. reason B. difference C. origin D. phenomenon46. A. results B. methods C. theories D. questions47. A. inviting B. embarrassing C. rewarding D. demanding48. A. challenge B. perspective C. strategy D. context49. A. aimed at B. prepared for C. associated with D. applied to50. A. emotionally B. alternatively C. fundamentally D. suspiciously51. A. advanced B. reduced C. adapted D. altered52. A. directly B. confidently C. truthfully D. initially53. A. tough B. concrete C. irrelevant D. neutral54. A. appealing B. obvious C. important D. reasonable55. A. claim B. element C. commission D. responseSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In a career that lasted more than half a century, Tom Wolfe wrote fiction and nonfiction best-sellers including The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test and The Bonfire of the Vanities. Along the way, he created a new type of journalism and coined phrases that became part of the American vocabulary.Wolfe began working as a newspaper reporter, first for The Washington Post, then the New York Herald Tribune. He developed a literary style in nonfiction that became known as the “New Journalism.” “I’ve always agreed on a theoretical level that the techniques for fiction and nonfict ion are interchangeable,” he said. “The things that work in nonfiction would work in fiction, and vice versa.”“When Tom Wolfe’s voice broke into the world of nonfiction, it was a time when a lot of writers, and a lot of artists in general, were turning in wards,” says Lev Grossman, book critic for Time magazine. “Wolfe didn’t do that. Wolfeturned outwards. He was a guy who was interested in other people.” Wolfe was interested in how they thought, how they did things and how the things they did affected the world around them.In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff, an account of the military test pilots who became America’s first astronauts. Four years later, the book was adapted as a feature film. “The Right Stuff was the book for me,” says Grossman. “It reminded me, in case I’d forgotten, that the world is an incredible place.”In The Right Stuff, Wolfe popularized the phrase “pushing the envelope.” In a New York magazine article, Wolfe described the 1970s as “The ‘Me’ Decade.” Grossman says these phrases became part of the American idiom because they were accurate.“He was an enormously forceful observer, and he was not afraid of making strong claims about what was happening in reality,” Grossman says. “He did it well and people heard him. And they repeat ed what he said because he was right.” All those words started a revolution in nonfiction that is still going on.56. The “New Journalism” is a style of journalism that .A. changes its news writing techniques frequentlyB. popularizes new American idioms in a literary wayC. combines novelistic techniques with traditional reportingD. reports various news events from a theoretical perspective57. It can be learned from the passage that The Right Stuff.A. is a film directed by Lev GrossmanB. is an influential book by Tom WolfeC. accounts for popular American phrasesD. deals with incredible places in the world58. According to the passage, Tom Wolfe .A. was good at reporting news from a realistic perspectiveB. preferred making claims about events to writing booksC. was fond of commenting on other people’s thoughtsD. liked analyzing social problems from the outside59. Which of the following is the best title for the passageA. Tom Wolfe: A Professional Phrase CoinerB. Tom Wolfe: A Forceful Observer and NovelistC. Tom Wolfe: A Theoretical Creator in LiteratureD. Tom Wolfe: An Innovative Journalist and Writer(B)Important facts about ELIQUIS (apixaban)This is a summary of important information that you need to know about ELIQUIS. Keep this document in a safe place, so you can refer to it before and during your treatment.Look out for the followingsigns as you read:Do not stop taking ELIQUIS without talking to the doctor who prescribed (开处方) it to you.Talk to your healthcare team before any medical procedures. ELIQUIS may need to be stopped beforesurgery, or a medical or dental procedure. Your doctor will tell you when you should stop taking ELIQUISand when you may start taking it again. If you have to stop taking ELIQUIS, your doctor may prescribeanother medicine to help prevent a blood clot from forming.What is the possible serious side effect of ELIQUISELIQUIS can cause bleeding, which can be serious, and rarely may lead to death. This is because ELIQUIS is a blood thinner medicine that reduces blood clotting. While taking ELIQUIS, you may hurt more easily and it may take longer than usual for any bleeding to stop.Call your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any symptoms of bleeding when taking ELIQUIS.Who should not take ELIQUISELIQUIS is not for patients who:have artificial heart valves (瓣膜).currently have certaintypes of abnormalbleeding.have had a serious allergic (过敏的)reaction to ELIQUIS.What should I discuss with my healthcare team before starting ELIQUISTalk to your healthcare team about the following:Liver problems Any other medicalconditionsIf you have ever had bleeding problemsTell your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant or breastfeed. Youand your doctor should decide whether you will take ELIQUIS or breastfeed. You should not do both.Tell your healthcare team about all of the medicines you are taking.60. The important facts about ELIQUIS are mainly intended for .A. drugstoresB. patientsC. pregnant womenD. healthcare teams61. It can be inferred from the facts that a blood clot forms .A. when allergic reaction appearsB. when bleeding grows abnormalC. when blood pressure dropsD. when blood becomes thicker62. What can be inferred about ELIQUIS from the factsA. It can be harmful to babies.B. It can’t be taken with any other medicines.C. It shouldn’t be taken after a surgery.D. It may increase the risk of having dental problems.(C)The Earth is facing a climate crisis, but it’s also getting greener and leafier. According to new research, the rise is largely due to China and India.A study by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), based on extensive satellite photographs and published in the journal Nature Sustainability, has revealed that the two countries with the world’s biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in greenness.Since 2000, the planet’s green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 2 million square miles. That’s an area equivalent to the sum total of the Amazon rainforests, NASA says. But researchers stressed that the new greenery does not neutralize deforestation and its negative impacts on ecosystems elsewhere.A third of the leaf increase is thanks to China and India, due to the implementation of major tree-planting projects alongside a vast increase in agriculture.Using the data from a NASA sensor, researchers discovered that China is the source of a quarter of the increase in green leaf area, despite possessing only percent of the world’s vegetated area(植被区). Forests account for 42 percent of that increase, while croplands make up a further 32 perc ent. China’s increase in forest area is the result of forest preservation and expansion programs, NASA said, established to fight against the impacts of climate change, air pollution and soil erosion (水土流失). India has contributed a further percent rise in green leaf area, with 82 percent from croplands and percent from forests.Rama Nemani, a co-author of the study and a researcher at NASA’s Ames Research Center, said in a statement, “When the greening of the Earth was first observed, we thought it was d ue to a warmer, wetter climate and fertilization from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to more leaf growth in northern forests, for instance.” “Now, with the data that lets us understand the phenomenon at really small scales, we see that humans are also contributing,” Nemani said. “This will help scientists make better predictions about the behavior of different Earth systems, which will help countries make better decisions about how and when to take action.”Thomas Pugh, a professor at t he University of Birmingham’s School of Geography, Earth and EnvironmentalSciences, said the NASA report expands scientists’ understanding of the causes behind global greening. But he also cautioned that a direct line cannot be drawn between an increase in global greening and a decrease in negative impacts of climate change.63. The passage mainly tells us that .A. China and India have the world’s largest green leaf areasB. China and India are the lead role players in global greeningC. our planet is experiencing a climate crisis despite human effortsD. our planet is getting greener due to the joint efforts of the world64. What can be learned about China and IndiaA. The area of croplands in India is larger than that in China.B. India’s rise in leaf area is largely due to its forestry program.C. They both show a greater increase in forests than in croplands.D. China boasts twenty-five percent of the global rise in leaf area.65. According to Rama Nemani, their new findings are .A. unexpected but significantB. surprising but valuelessC. predictable but disappointingD. uncontrollable but inspiring66. What can be inferred from the passageA. There is an indirect link between global greening and climate change.B. The new greenery does not have any positive effect on the global climate.C. The gain in greenness does not make up for the damage from loss of leaf area.D. The increase in greening reduces the deforestation rate and its impact globally.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Screen Time: How Much Is Too MuchMany children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices. 67 Perhaps parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child’s screen time with ot her activities.68 Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours ofscreen time a day. 69 So, Ferguson and his team examined answers from a survey on risky behaviors. The study involved about 6,000 boys and girls in Florida, whose average age was 16.Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effects of electronic media. Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a percent increase in criminal behavior; a percent increase in signs of depression; and a percent negative effect on school grades. 70 To further argue his point that screen time is not harmful, Ferguson adds that children should become familiar with screen technology. Electronic devices, he says, are a part of our everyday lives.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Fujian Puppetry (木偶剧) in Need of Urgent SafeguardingAs one of the contributions of Chinese performing art to the world’s cultural heritage (遗产), Fujian puppetry has a long history. It has developed a set of characteristic techniques of performance and puppet making, as well as plays and music.No final conclusions have yet been reached on the origins and evolution of Chinese puppetry. Dating from Shang dynasty, pottery figurines (陶俑) used as burial objects have been discovered at the Yin Ruins. In a Western Han tomb at Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province, a number of wooden figurines have been unearthed. These were a great improvement on those from previous dynasties in terms of craftsmanship, variety and modeling. Over time, figurines as burial objects evolved into puppets for entertainment on festive occasions.Chinese puppetry further developed during the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a bunch of schools spreading across the country. Puppet shows from various places had their own characteristics in terms of figure modeling.In the past few decades, many traditional forms of art have seen a decline in popularity. In particular, Fujian puppetry finds itself in hot water. The number of young people learning puppetry has decreased due to socioeconomic changes to their lifestyles. The long period of training required to master the complicated performing techniques has also been a factor in the fall.In response, concerned communities, groups and bearers laid down the 2008-2020 Strategy for the Training of Coming Generations of Fujian Puppetry Practitioners. The key objectives are to safeguard the promotion of Fujian Puppetry and to increase its sustainability through professional training to cultivate a new generation of puppetry practitioners; creation of teaching materials; construction of training institutes and exhibition halls; regional and international cooperation; and artistic exchange.In 2012, the strategy was added to the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices by the UNESCO. With great efforts made by practitioners, local people and education institutions, Fujian Puppetry can expect a brighter future.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 开展研究之前,你必须进行可行性分析。

上海市崇明区2019年高三第一学期期末(一模)学科质量检测物理试题及答案(word版)

上海市崇明区2019年高三第一学期期末(一模)学科质量检测物理试题及答案(word版)

崇明区2018-2019学年等级考第一次模拟考试试卷物 理考生注意:1.试卷满分100分,考试时间60分钟。

2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括三部分,第一部分为选择题,第二部分为填空题,第三部分为综合题。

3.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写学校、姓名、考场号和座位号,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

作答必须涂或写在答题纸上,在试卷上作答一律不得分。

第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域,第二、三部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、选择题(共40分,1-8题每题3分,9-12题每题4分。

每题只有一个正确选项)1.下列物理量中属于标量的是 (A) 电压 (B) 力(C) 电场强度(D) 加速度2.加速度的定义式是(A)22sa t=(B)F a m=(C)a t∆=∆v(D)2a r=v3.气体分子热运动的平均动能取决于气体的(A) 体积 (B) 温度(C) 压强(D) 密度4.如图所示,两个半径不同的轮子摩擦传动不打滑,则具有相同角速度的两点是 (A) A 和B (B) C 和B (C) A 和D (D) A 和C 5.质点作简谐振动的位移x 随时间t 变化的规律如图所示,该质点在t 1与t 2时刻 (A) 位移相同(B) 速度相同 (C) 加速度相同 (D) 回复力相同6.某闭合电路中,干电池电动势为1.5V ,工作电流为1A ,则(A) 电源内电压为1.5V (B) 电源路端电压为1.5V(C) 电路中每秒非静电力做功1.5J(D) 电路中有1.5J 的化学能转变成电能7.物体以某初速度竖直上抛,4s 时到达抛出点上方6米高处,如果要在抛出2s 时到达该处,则上抛初速度需要 (A) 更大些 (B) 相等 (C) 更小些 (D) 更大和更小均可以 8.一定质量的理想气体状态变化过程中,其压强p 与摄氏温度t 的变化规律如图中直线ab 所示(直线ab 延长线通过坐标原点),根据图像可以判定a 、b 两点的体积大小(A)a b V V = (B)a b V V >(C)a b V V <(D)无法判断9.有种自动扶梯,无人乘行时运转很慢,有人站上扶梯时,它会先慢慢加速,再匀速运转.某顾客乘该扶梯上楼, 正好经历了加速和匀速这两个过程.能正确反映乘客在这两个过程中的受力示意图的是10.如图所示,AB 、AC 两光滑细杆组成的直角支架固定在竖直平面内,AB 与水平面的夹角为30°,两细杆上分别套有带孔的a 、b 两小球,在细线作用下处于静止状态,细线恰好水平.某时刻剪断细线,当两球均下滑到支架底端时,两球(A) 下滑的时间相等(B) 下滑过程中重力做功相等(C) 到底端时的速率相等 (D) 到底端时的动能相等 11.如图所示的电路中,电源电动势为ε、内电阻为r ,当滑动变阻器R 的滑片P 位于中点时,A 、B 、C 三个灯泡均正常发光,且亮度相同,则 (A) 三个小灯泡中,A 灯电阻最大,B 灯电阻最小 (B) 当滑片P 移动时,若A 灯变亮,则C 灯变暗 (C) 当滑片P 移动时,若B 灯变亮,则C 灯变亮 (D) 当滑片P 移动时,A 、B 两灯不可能同时变亮12.如图,两个等量正点电荷位于垂直于x 轴的连线上,相对原点O 对称分布,则x 轴上电场强度E 与位置x 的关系可能是二、填空题(每题4分,共20分)13.如图所示是两个相干波源发出的水波,实线表示波峰,虚线表示波谷.已知两列波的振RPBCA ,r ε AB C a b 30° υ幅都为10cm ,C 点为AB 连线的中点.图中A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个点中,振动减弱的点是 ,A 点的振幅为 cm .14.如图是在“用DIS 测定位移和速度”实验中得到小车的s t -图像,虚线为1.0s 末图像的切线,则由图像可知,小车在1.0-1.5s 内平 均速度大小为 m/s ;1.0s 末小车的瞬时速度大小为 m/s .15.若将一个电量为102.010C -⨯的正电荷,从零电势点移到电场中M 点要克服电场力做功98.010J -⨯,则M 点的电势是 V ;若再将该电荷从M 点移到电场中的N 点,电场力做功81.810J -⨯,则M 、N 两点间的电势差MN U = V . 16.如图所示,原点O 沿y 方向做了一次全振动后停止在平衡位置.形成了一个向右传播的横波.设在0t =时刻的波形如图所示,6s t =时M 点开始振动,则该 波的周期为 s ,在11s t =时M 点离其平衡位置的位移为 m .17.如图所示电路,电源电动势为3V ,内阻为1Ω,滑动变阻器总电阻为5Ω.闭合电键,在滑片从a 移到b 的过程中,电源总功率的最小值为 W ,变阻器消耗的最大功率为 W .三、综合题(共40分)注意:第19、20题在列式计算、逻辑推理以及回答问题过程中,要求给出必要的图示、文字说明、公式、演算等。

2019年上海市崇明县中考二模物理试卷(含答案有解析)

2019年上海市崇明县中考二模物理试卷(含答案有解析)

2019年上海市崇明县中考二模物理试卷一、单选题1.如图所示是汽车起重机的示意图,当用它从水中吊起重物时,下列说法正确的是( )A.汽车轮胎有花纹是为了减小行驶过程中的摩擦力B.此吊车运用了杠杆原理,此杠杆为费力杠杆C.汽车固定后,吊起重物后与没有吊起重物相比,对地面的压强变小D.将重物从水中匀速吊起时,出水过程中,拉力逐渐变小2.两个容器中分别盛有甲、乙两种不同的液体,把体积相同的A、B两个实心小球放入甲液体中,两球沉底如图甲所示;放入乙液体中,两球静止时的情况如图乙所示.则下列说法正确的是A.小球A的质量大于小球B的质量B.甲液体的密度大于乙液体的密度C.小球A在甲液体中受到的浮力小于在乙液体中的浮力D.在甲液体中容器底对小球A的支持力等于对小球B的支持力3.如图所示,一辆轿车在机动车道上由南向北以20m/s 的速度匀速行驶.已知机动车道的宽度D=4m,轿车长度3m、宽度1.6m,假设行驶中轿车始终位于机动车道的正中间,有一人骑自行车匀速横穿机动车道.已知自行车长1.8m,前轮行至非机动车道与动车道交界处的C点时与轿车沿南北方向的距离S=20m.假设双方都没有采取任何措施,在轿车开到时恰好通过,自行车速度至少m sA.3/m sB.3.7/m sC.4.6/m sD.6.4/4.以下几个实验现象中,能说明声音产生原因的是()A.放在玻璃钟罩内的铃正在发声,把玻璃钟罩内的空气抽去,铃声明显减弱B.把正在发声的收音机密封在塑料袋里放入水中,仍能听到收音机发出的声音C.拉小提琴时,琴弦的松紧程度不同,发出的声音不相同D.拨动吉他的琴弦发出声音时,放在弦上的小纸片会被琴弦弹开5.如图所示电路,当开关S闭合后,L1、L2均能发光,电流表、电压表均有示数.过一会儿,两灯都不发光.电流表的示数为零,电压表的示数为电源电压,可能发生的故障是A.L l灯丝断了B.L1短路C.L2灯丝断了D.L2短路6.小华想用空易拉罐来证明大气压强的存在,下列操作能达到目的的是A.用手捏空易拉罐,易拉罐变瘪B.将空易拉罐密封后置于深水中,易拉罐变瘪C.让空易拉罐从高处下落撞击地面,易拉罐变瘪D.用注射器抽取密封易拉罐中的空气,易拉罐变瘪7.课外活动时,小明和小华均在操场上沿直线跑道跑步训练.在某次训练中,他们通过的路程和时间变化的图像如图所示,则下列说法正确的是()A.两人都做匀速直线运动B.两人都不是做匀速直线运动C.前2s内,小华跑较快D.全程中,小华的平均速度大于小明的平均速度8.在物理学中,用“⊗”表示电流的方向垂直于纸面向里,“⊙”表示电流的方向垂直于纸面向外.如图所示,图甲表示直导体a在磁场中受到一个既跟电流方向垂直,又跟磁感线方向垂直的水平向左的磁场力F,图乙所示的四种情况中,通电导体b受到的磁场力方向水平向左的是A.B.C.D.二、填空题9.某物理科技小组设计了汽车有害尾气排放检测电路,如图甲所示,R为气敏电阻,其阻值随有害尾气浓度β变化的曲线如图乙所示,R0为定值电阻,电源电压恒定不变.当有害尾气浓度β增大时,气敏电阻R的阻值将_____,电流表的示数将_____,电压表的示数将_____.(选填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”)10.把标有“1A 6W”的L1和“2A 6W”的L2两个灯泡并联接入电路中,如图,让其中一个灯泡正常发光,另一个灯泡的实际功率不超过额定功率,则该电路中干路电流是___A,两灯消耗的实际总功率为______W.11.在图所示的电路中,电源电压保持不变.灯L1、L2可能出现了断路故障,闭合电键S后:① 若两灯均不发光,则三个电表中示数一定大于零的电表是______表.② 若两灯中有一灯不发光,则三个电表中示数一定大于零的的电表是______表.12.用热效率为50%的燃气灶将5 kg的水由20 ℃加热到60 ℃,水需要吸收_____J的热量,该过程需要完全燃烧_____m3天然气.此时,壶口上方会出现“白气”,水蒸气变成“白气”的过程要_____(选填“吸热”或“放热”).[c水=4.2×103J/(kg·℃),q天然气=8.4×107J/m3].13.用煤气灶烧水时,水的内能是通过_____的方式而增大的;燃烧1kg的煤气使100kg的水从20℃升高到70℃,则水吸收的热量是_____J,煤气完全燃烧放出的热量是_____J.[c水=4.2×103J/(kg•℃),q煤气=4.2×107J/kg]14.如图所示,是一种定时课间音乐播放装置的原理图.“定时开关”是到达设定时间会自动断开的开关.闭合开关S,未到达设定时间时,播放器处于______状态;到达设定时间时,指示灯______(选填“会”或“不会”)发光,“播放器”播放音乐.15.如图所示电路,灯泡 L1、L2、L3分别标有“3V 0.3A”、“3V 0.25A”、“5V 0.25A”字样(灯丝电阻恒定),a、b 间接电源.(1)若要求灯泡 L1、L2并联,则应闭合的开关有_____;若 a、b 接入 3V 电压,则电流表 A 的示数为_____A.(2)只闭合 S1时,为了使一只灯泡正常发光,另一只灯泡不烧坏,那么正常发光的灯泡是_____,此时a、b 间的最大电压是_____V,通电 1min 灯泡 L1产生的热量是_____J.16.中新网5月20日转发了一组照片,向人们展示了一只灰鹅独特的飞行技艺.如图所示就是这只灰鹅在突遇强风时,身体猛然转过180°,而头部却保持正常姿态的情形.使用这种“超级扭曲”的方式能使翅膀下方空气流速_______(填“大于”或“小于”) 上方空气流速,从而使灰鹅受到一个向 _______的作用力,能迅速降低飞行高度,使飞行更安全.17.将一铁块放入盛满酒精的杯中时,有8g的酒精溢出,则铁块的体积是_____,铁块的质量是_____。

上海市崇明区2019年高三高考二模物理试题及答案(word版)

上海市崇明区2019年高三高考二模物理试题及答案(word版)

崇明区2018~2019年第二学期质量调研测试高三物理试卷(2019.04)考生注意:1.试卷满分100分,考试时间60分钟。

2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括三部分,第一部分为选择题,第二部分为填空题,第三部分为综合题。

3.答卷前,务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号等。

作答必须涂或写在答题纸上,在试卷上作答一律不得分。

第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域,第二、三部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、单项选择题(共40分,1至8题每小题3分,9至12题每小题4分。

每小题只有一个正确选项)1.下列哪个实验揭示了原子具有核式结构?A.阴极射线实验B.光电效应实验C.α粒子轰击氮核实验D.α粒子散射实验2.下列国际单位中,表示能量单位的是A.kg·m/s B.kg·m/s2C.kg·m2/s2D.kg·m2/s3.右图是22286Rn(氡核)发生α衰变过程中,氡核的相对含量随时间的变化图线,从图中可知,氡的半衰期为A.1.6天B.3.8天C.7.6天D.11.4天4.用某单色光照射金属表面,金属表面有光电子飞出.若照射光的频率增大,强度减弱,则单位时间内飞出金属表面的光电子的A.能量增大,数量增多B.能量减小,数量减少C.能量增大,数量减小D.能量减小,数量增多5.图示,虚线AB和CD分别为椭圆的长轴和短轴,相交于O点,两个等量异号点电荷分别位于椭圆的两个焦点M、N上.若取无穷远为零电势.则下列判断中正确的是A.O点的电场强度为零B.O点的电势大于零C.A、B两点场强相同D.电荷在A点电势能大于在B点电势能6.奥运会比赛项目撑杆跳高如图所示,这个过程中能力关系描述正确的是A.加速助跑过程中,运动员的动能和重力势能不断增加B.起跳上升过程中,杆的弹性势能先增加后减小t/天3/41/21/41/8C .起跳上升过程中,运动员的重力势能和动能之和保持不变D .运动员到达横杆正上方时,动能为零7.我国高分系列卫星的高分辨对地观察能力不断提高。

崇明高三物理二模15

崇明高三物理二模15

高三物理 共8页 第1页崇明县2019年第二次高考模拟考试试卷高 三 物 理(考试时间120分钟,满分150分,请将答案填写在答题纸上)一、单项选择题(共16分,每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确选项。

)1、关于分子动理论和物体的内能,下列说法中正确的是 A .液体分子的无规则运动称为布朗运动B .物体的温度升高,物体内大量分子热运动的平均动能增大C .物体的温度升高,物体内分子势能一定增大D .物体从外界吸收热量,其温度一定升高 2、表征物体做简谐振动快慢的物理量是A .回复力B .振幅C .周期D .位移3、下列有关科学家和其在物理学中的贡献描述正确的是A .卡文迪什发现了万有引力定律B .法拉第发现了电流的磁效应C .贝克勒尔首先发现了天然放射现象D .汤姆生提出了原子的核式结构模型4、如图所示,A 、B 是某“门”电路的输入信号,Z 是相应的输出信号。

由此可以判断,该门电路是 A .“或”门 B .“与”门 C .“非”门D .“与非”门5、关于机械波,下列说法与事实不.一致的是 A .能在真空中传播B .频率由波源决定B .能产生干涉、衍射现象D .在传播过程中能传递能量6、下列那个核反应方程是重核裂变的方程A .23411120H H He n +→+ B .3030015141P Si e →+ C .1441717281N He O H +→+D .235190136192038540U n S Xe 10n r +→++7、在电磁波谱中,红外线、可见光和X 射线三个波段的频率大小关系是 A .红外线的频率最大,可见光的频率最小 B .可见光的频率最大,红外线的频率最小 C .X 射线频率最大,红外线的频率最小D .X 射线频率最大,可见光的频率最小AB Z高三物理 共8页 第2页8、在如图所示装置中,质量为2m 的物体悬挂在轻绳上O 点,轻绳的一端固定在a 点,另一端绕过轻质滑轮b 后悬挂一 质量为1m 的物体.已知悬点a 、b 间的距离远大于滑轮的 直径,不计一切摩擦,整个装置处于静止状态,则 A .α一定等于β B .α一定不等于β C .1m 一定小于2mD .1m 可能等于2m二、单项选择题(共24分,每小题3分。

2019年上海市崇明区高考物理一模试卷

2019年上海市崇明区高考物理一模试卷

2019年上海市崇明区高考物理一模试卷一、选择题(共40分,1-8题每题3分,9-12题每题4分.每题只有一个正确选项)1.(★)下列物理量中属于标量的是()A.电压B.力C.电场强度D.加速度2.(★)加速度的定义式是()A.a=B.a=C.a=D.a=3.(★)气体分子热运动的平均动能取决于气体的()A.体积B.温度C.压强D.密度4.(★)如图所示,两个半径不同的轮子摩擦传动不打滑,则具有相同角速度的两点是()A.A和B B.C和B C.A和D D.A和C5.(★)质点作简谐振动的位移x随时间t变化的规律如图所示,该质点在t 1与t 2时刻()A.位移相同B.速度相同C.加速度相同D.回复力相同6.(★)某闭合电路中,干电池电动势为1.5V,工作电流为1A,则()A.电源内电压为1.5VB.电源路端电压为1.5VC.电路中每秒非静电力做功1.5JD.电路中有1.5J的化学能转变成电能7.(★)物体以某初速度竖直上抛,4s时到达抛出点上方6米高处,如果要在抛出2s时到达该处,则上抛初速度需要()A.更大些B.相等C.更小些D.更大和更小均可以8.(★★)一定质量的理想气体状态变化过程中,其压强p与摄氏温度t的变化规律如图中直线ab所示(直线ab延长线通过坐标原点),根据图象可以判定()A.V a=V b B.V a>V b C.V a<V b D.无法判断9.(★★)有种自动扶梯,无人乘行时运转很慢,有人站上扶梯时,它会先慢慢加速,再匀速运转.一顾客乘扶梯上楼,正好经历了这两个过程,则能正确反映该乘客在这两个过程中的受力示意图的是()A.B.C.D.10.(★★★)如图所示,AB、AC两光滑细杆组成的直角支架固定在竖直平面内,AB与水平面的夹角为30°,两细杆上分别套有带孔的a、b两小球,在细线作用下处于静止状态,细线恰好水平。

某时刻剪断细线,当两球均下滑到支架底端时,两球()A.下滑的时间相等B.下滑过程中重力做功相等C.到底端时的速率相等D.到底端时的动能相等11.(★★)如图所示的电路中,电源电动势为ε、内电阻为r,当滑动变阻器R的滑片P位于中点时,A、B、C三个灯泡均正常发光,且亮度相同,则()A.三个小灯泡中,A灯电阻最大,B灯电阻最小B.当滑片P移动时,若A灯变亮,则C灯变暗C.当滑片P移动时,若B灯变亮,则C灯变亮D.当滑片P移动时,A、B两灯不可能同时变亮12.(★★)如图,两个等量正点电荷位于垂直于x轴的连线上,相对原点O对称分布,则x轴上电场强度E与位置x的关系可能是()A.B.C.D.二、填空题(每题4分,共20分)13.(★★★)如图所示是两个相干波源发出的水波,实线表示波峰,虚线表示波谷。

上海崇明2019高三上年末考试-物理

上海崇明2019高三上年末考试-物理

第2题第5题 上海崇明2019高三上年末考试-物理本试卷分第I 卷和第II 卷两部分。

全卷共8页。

总分值150分。

考试时间120分钟。

第I 卷〔共56分〕考生注意:1、答第I 卷前,考生务必在试卷和答题卡上用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、校验码,并用2B 铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和校验码。

2、第I 卷〔1—20题〕由机器阅卷,答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B 铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应,不能错位。

答案需要更改时,必须将原选项用橡皮擦去,重新选择。

答案不能涂写在试卷上,涂写在试卷上一律不给分。

一、单项选择题〔共16分,每题2分。

每题只有一个正确选项。

答案涂写在答题卡上。

〕1、1960年第11届国际计量大会通过了国际通用的国际单位制〔SI 〕,规定了7个基本单位,其中力学基本单位有3个,压强的单位用力学基本单位可表示为………………………〔〕A 、N /M2B 、CMHGC 、KG /(M ·S2)D 、PA2A 、B 侧波是衍射波B 、A 侧波速与B 侧波速相等C 、减小挡板间距离,衍射波的波长将减小D 、增大挡板间距离,衍射现象将更明显3、汽车沿平直公路做加速度大小为0.5M /S2的匀变速运动,那么…〔〕A 、汽车在任意1S 内的末速度等于初速度的0.5倍B 、汽车的初速度比前1秒内的末速度大0.5M /SC 、汽车每秒钟内速度变化0.5M /SD 、汽车每秒钟内加速度变化0.5M /S24、一个物体在竖直向上的12N 的拉力作用下,以2M /S2的加速度向上作匀加速直线运动,如要使加速度增加为4M /S2,空气阻力不计,此竖直拉力的大小应为………………………〔〕A 、14NB 、24NC 、16ND 、18N5、如下图,AB 两物体叠放在一起,在粗糙水平面上向左做匀减速运动,运动过程中B 受到的摩擦力……………………〔〕 A 、方向向左,保持不变B 、方向向右,保持不变C 、方向向左,逐渐减小D 、方向向右,逐渐减小;6、假设单摆的摆长适当变大,摆球的质量由20G 增加为40G ,摆球离开平衡位置的最大角度不变,那么单摆振动(A) (B) (C)a c a E 的………………………………………………………………………………〔〕A 、频率不变,振幅不变B 、频率变小,振幅变大C 、频率变小,振幅不变D 、频率变大,振幅变大7、如下图,斜面静止在粗糙的水平地面上,一个物体恰能沿斜面匀速下滑。

【区级联考】上海市崇明区2019届高三下学期质量调研(二模)物理试题-b888690f932941b1929b13295c39fc9a

【区级联考】上海市崇明区2019届高三下学期质量调研(二模)物理试题-b888690f932941b1929b13295c39fc9a

…………○……学校:____…………○……绝密★启用前 【区级联考】上海市崇明区2019届高三下学期质量调研(二模)物理试题 试卷副标题 注意事项: 1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第I 卷(选择题) 请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明 一、单选题 1.下列哪个实验揭示了原子具有核式结构 A .阴极射线实验 B .光电效应实验 C .α粒子轰击氮核实验 D .α粒子散射实验 2.下列国际单位中,表示能量单位的是 A .kg·m/s B .kg·m/s 2 C .kg·m 2/s 2 D .kg·m 2/s 3.下图是R 86222n (氡核)发生α衰变过程中,氡核的相对含量随时间的变化图线,从图中可知,氡的半衰期为 A .1.6天 B .3.8天 C .7.6天 D .11.4天 4.用某单色光照射金属表面,金属表面有光电子飞出.若照射光的频率增大,强度减弱,则单位时间内飞出金属表面的光电子的 A .能量增大,数量增多 B .能量减小,数量减少○…………外……订………线………※※内※※答※※○…………内……订………线………C .能量增大,数量减小 D .能量减小,数量增多 5.图示,虚线AB 和CD 分别为椭圆的长轴和短轴,相交于O 点,两个等量异号点电荷分别位于椭圆的两个焦点M 、N 上. 若取无穷远为零电势.则下列判断中正确的是 A .O 点的电场强度为零 B .O 点的电势大于零 C .A 、B 两点场强相同D .电荷在A 点电势能大于在B 点电势能6.奥运会比赛项目撑杆跳高如图所示,这个过程中能力关系描述正确的是A .加速助跑过程中,运动员的动能和重力势能不断增加B .起跳上升过程中,杆的弹性势能先增加后减小C .起跳上升过程中,运动员的重力势能和动能之和保持不变D .运动员到达横杆正上方时,动能为零7.我国高分系列卫星的高分辨对地观察能力不断提高。

上海市崇明区2019届高三二模物理试题

上海市崇明区2019届高三二模物理试题

物理共5页第1页、单项选择题 确选项)(共40分,1至8题每小题3分,9至12题每小题4分。

每小题只有一个正1.下列哪个实验揭示了原子具有核式结构?A.阴极射线实验B.光电效应实验C. ct 粒子轰击氮核实验D . 口粒子散射实验2. 下列国际单位中,表示能量单位的是2A . kg m/s B. kg m/s C. kg m 2/s 2D. kg m 2/s3.右图是28;Rn(氛核)发生a 衰变过程中,氛核的相对含量随时间的变化图线,从图中可知,氛的半衰期为A . 1.6 夭 B. 3.8 天 C. 7.6 天D . 11.4 天4.用某单色光照射金属表面,金属表面有光电子飞出.若照射光的频率增大,强度减弱,则单位时间内飞出金属表面的光电子的A .能量增大,数量增多 B.能量减小,数量减少 C.能量增大,数量减小D.能量减小,数量增多5.图示,虚线 AB 和CD 分别为椭圆的长轴和短轴,相交于 。

点,两个等量异号点电荷分别位于椭圆的两个焦点 若取无穷远为零电势.则下列判断中正确的是A .。

点的电场强度为零B .。

点的电势大于零C. A 、B 两点场强相同D .电荷在 A 点电势能大于在 B 点电势能6.奥运会比赛项目撑杆跳高如图所示,这个过程中能力关系描述正确的是A. 加速助跑过程中,运动员的动能和重力势能不断增加B. 起跳上升过程中,杆的弹性势能先增加后减小C. 起跳上升过程中,运动员的重力势能和动能之和保持不变 D .运动员到达横杆正上方时,动能为零崇明区2018学年第二次高考模拟考试试卷物 理考生注意:1.答题前,务必在试卷与答题纸上填写学校、姓名、准考证号。

2 .试卷满分100分,考试时间60分钟。

3. 本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括三大部分,第一部分为单项选择题,第二部分为填空题,第三部分为综 合题。

4. 作答必须涂或写在答题纸上相应的位置,在试卷上作答无效。

M 、N 上.物理共5页第2页7.我国高分系列卫星的高分辨对地观察能力不断提高。

崇明县14学年第二学期高三二模(答案)

崇明县14学年第二学期高三二模(答案)

崇明县2019学年第一学期期末考试 高 三 物 理(一模)参考答案一.单项选择题(每题2分 共16分) 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 答案BCCAADCD二.单项选择题(每题3分,共24分) 题号 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 答案BABDABCA三.多项选择题(每题4分,共16分)四.填空题 (每格2分,共20分)21、 F=(M+m)g/μ,a=g/μ 22A 、向左, 0.6 22B 、M=4π2(R+h )3/GT 2 ,M=g R 2/G23、 5×10-3,8 24、 B πrv /2R ,B πr 2/R 25、gR 2/2v 2,2n πv /R ,(n ∈R )五.实验题(24分)26、(4分)B27(4分)(1)2,(2分),(2) 4π2/k (2分),28(7分)(1) 2d/t 2 (2分); (2) C (2分), (3) BC (3分)29(9分)(1)变小(2分) (2)3 , 2 (4分) (3)I 1R 0(3分),五.计算题(50分) 30、(10分)解:(1)受力分析图 (1分)垂直斜面方向平衡:F N =mg cosθ+F sinθF f =μF N =μ(mg cosθ+F sinθ) (1分)代入数据解出:F f =40N (1分)(2)沿斜面方向牛顿定律:F cosθ-F f -mg sinθ=ma (1分)解出:a =(F cosθ-F f -mg sinθ)/m (1分)代入数据解出:a =6m/s 2 (1分)(3)撤去F 瞬间,物体速度设为v题号 17 18 19 20 答案ADBCABDBDθFF NGp 1= p 0+mg /s ,V 1=1.5h 0S , p 2= p 0+2mg /s ,V 2=hS ,玻意尔定律得 p 1 V 1= p 2 V 2 (1分) 得 000)2(2)(3h mg s p mg s p h ++=(1分)讨论:如果00002.1)2(2)(3h h mg s p mg s p h ≤++=即gsp m 30≥ (1分)则 h =1.2h 0 (1分) 如果 gsp m 30< 则000)2(2)(3h mg s p mg s p h ++=(1分)32(14分)、解:(1) -d≤x≤0区间 dk 0ϕ=(1分)故:)1(000+=+=dxx d ϕϕϕϕ(-d≤x≤0)(1分)0≤x≤d 区间 dk 0ϕ-=故:)1(000dxx d -=+-=ϕϕϕϕ(0≤x≤d )(1分) 或在整个区域内,)111(0dx -=ϕϕ (x<d )由图可知电场强度大小dE 0ϕ= (1分)则电场力大小dq qE F 0ϕ== (1分)(2)0≤x≤A 区间根据题意,在x =A 时,粒子动能为0, (1分) 可知粒子在运动过程中动能和电势能之和为:则在x 位置时有:)1()(0dAq q E k --=-+ϕϕ (1分) )1()1(00d Aq d x q E k --=--ϕϕdx A q E k )-(0ϕ=(0≤x≤A ) (1分)-A ≤x≤0区间根据题意,在x =-A 时,粒子动能为0,可知粒子在运动过程中动能和电势能之和为:则在x 位置时有:)1()(0dAq q E k --=-+ϕϕ (1分) )1()1(00d Aq d x q E k --=+-ϕϕdx A q E k )(0+=ϕ(-A ≤x≤0) (1分)或者:dx A q E k )11-(0ϕ= (-A ≤ x ≤A )(3)0-A 为四分之一周期,粒子做匀变速直线运动 S =A ,dmq m F a 0ϕ==(1分) 022ϕq mdA a s t ==(1分) 0244ϕq mdAt T == (2分)33、(14分)解:⑴ 金属杆做匀加速运动(或金属杆做初速为零的匀加速运动)。

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崇明区2018~2019年第二学期质量调研测试高三物理试卷(2019.04)考生注意:1.试卷满分100分,考试时间60分钟。

2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括三部分,第一部分为选择题,第二部分为填空题,第三部分为综合题。

3.答卷前,务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号等。

作答必须涂或写在答题纸上,在试卷上作答一律不得分。

第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域,第二、三部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、单项选择题(共40分,1至8题每小题3分,9至12题每小题4分。

每小题只有一个正确选项)1.下列哪个实验揭示了原子具有核式结构?A.阴极射线实验B.光电效应实验C.α粒子轰击氮核实验D.α粒子散射实验2.下列国际单位中,表示能量单位的是A.kg·m/s B.kg·m/s2C.kg·m2/s2D.kg·m2/s3.右图是22286Rn(氡核)发生α衰变过程中,氡核的相对含量随时间的变化图线,从图中可知,氡的半衰期为A.1.6天B.3.8天C.7.6天D.11.4天4.用某单色光照射金属表面,金属表面有光电子飞出.若照射光的频率增大,强度减弱,则单位时间内飞出金属表面的光电子的A.能量增大,数量增多B.能量减小,数量减少C.能量增大,数量减小D.能量减小,数量增多5.图示,虚线AB和CD分别为椭圆的长轴和短轴,相交于O点,两个等量异号点电荷分别位于椭圆的两个焦点M、N上.若取无穷远为零电势.则下列判断中正确的是A.O点的电场强度为零B.O点的电势大于零C.A、B两点场强相同D.电荷在A点电势能大于在B点电势能6.奥运会比赛项目撑杆跳高如图所示,这个过程中能力关系描述正确的是A.加速助跑过程中,运动员的动能和重力势能不断增加B.起跳上升过程中,杆的弹性势能先增加后减小CADBM+q-qNOt/天3/41/21/41/83.81.67.611.4C .起跳上升过程中,运动员的重力势能和动能之和保持不变D .运动员到达横杆正上方时,动能为零7.我国高分系列卫星的高分辨对地观察能力不断提高。

2018年5月9日发射的“高分五号”轨道高度约为705km ,之前已运行的“高分四号”轨道高度约为36000km ,若它们都绕地球做匀速圆周运动.则“高分五号”比“高分四号”具有更小的A .周期B .角速度C .线速度D .向心加速度8.如图所示,小芳在体重计上完成下蹲动作。

下列F t -图像能反映体重计示数随时间变化的是9.如图所示的单摆,摆长为40l =cm ,摆球在0t =时刻从右侧最高点释放做简谐振动.当1t =s 时,小球的运动情况是 A .向右加速B .向右减速C .向左加速D .向左减速10.a 、b 两个相同螺线管,电流、导线和匝数 都相同,绕法不同。

测得螺线管a 内中部 的磁感应强度大小为B ,则在螺线管b 内 中部的磁感应强度大小为 A .0B .0.5BC .BD .2B11.如图,小物块置于倾角为θ的斜面上,与斜面一起以大小为g tan θ的加速度向左做匀加速直线运动,两者保持相对静止,则运动过程中,小物块受力的示意图为12.如图,粗细均匀且相同的玻璃管A 和B 由一橡皮管连接,构成连通器,一定质量的空气被水银柱封闭在A 管内,此时两管水银面一样高,B 管上方 与大气相通.若固定A 管,保持温度不变,将B 管沿竖直方向缓慢移动H , 使A 管内的水银面升高h ,则B 管的移动方向及移动距离H 大小为 A .向上移动2H h = B .向上移动2H h > C .向下移动2H h =D .向下移动2H h <A B C DBA A .B .C .D .aGF N maGF N F fmaGF NGF NF fθ(a ) (b )二、填空题(每题4分,共20分)13.如图甲,让一束红色的激光通过双缝,在光屏上观察到的图案应该是图 .该实验说明了光具有 (波粒二象性、波动性、粒子性).14.物体在地面附近以2m/s 2的加速度匀减速竖直上升,则在上升过程中,物体的动能将,物体的机械能将 .(选填增大、减小或不变)。

15.如图所示电路中,电源E 的电动势为3.2V ,电阻R 的阻值为30Ω,小灯泡L 的额定电压为3.0V ,额定功率为4.5W . 当电键S 接位置1时,电压表的读数为3V .则电源内电阻 大小r = Ω,当电键S 接到位置2时,小灯泡L 的 实际功率P = W .(假设灯泡电阻不变)16.汽车行驶时轮胎的胎压最高不能超过3.5atm ,最低不低于1.6atm .已知某轮胎在20t =℃充好的气,能在零下40℃到90℃的范围内正常工作,那么,充气时的胎压最低压强为 atm ,最高压强为 atm .(设轮胎的体积不变) 17.质量为m 的带正电的小球穿在光滑的绝缘细杆上,杆与水平面的夹角为α.杆底端B 点处固定一个与小球电量相等的正电荷.将 球从离B 点为2L 的A 处释放.当小球到达AB 中点时,小球加 速度为零.整个装置处在真空中,已知静电力常量k 和重力加速度g .则球所带的电量q 的大小为 ,球刚释放时的加速度是 .三、综合题(共40分)注意:第19、20题在列式计算、逻辑推理以及回答问题过程中,要求给出必要的图示、文字说明、公式、演算等。

18.(12分)(1)为了研究质量一定时加速度与力的关系,用如图(甲)所示的装置,一端带有滑轮的光滑长木板固定放置,1、2是两个固定的光电门传感器,若两光电门中心间的距离为L .小车A 上固定一宽度为d 的挡光片,在重物B 的牵引下,小车从木板的左端开始向右加速运动.(a )实验中,光电门1、2记录的挡光时间分别为Δt 1和Δt 2,则小车经过光电门1时乙丙光屏双缝缝激光器甲V LSRE1 2 ABα2LL光电门1挡光片小车A重物B光电门2(甲)θ FAB的速度为 ,小车加速度的大 小为 .(b )可以通过改变 (选填“小车A ”或“重物B ”)的质量,多次重复操作,获得多组 加速度a 与力F 的数据,用这些数据绘出的图 像如图(乙)所示,其中发现图线与坐标轴交 点明显偏离原点的可能原因( ) A .长木板不够光滑B .长木板不够水平C .重物B 的质量偏大D .小车A 的质量偏大(2)在验证力的平行四边形定则实验中,某同学分别用弹簧秤将橡皮条的结点拉到同一位置O ,记下(甲)图中弹簧秤的拉力:1 2.0F =N 、2 2.6F =N ;(乙)图中弹簧秤的拉力:3.6F '=N ,力的方向分别用虚线OB 、OC 和OD 表示.请你按图中的比例尺(1cm 代表1N ),在图(丙)中作出F 1、F 2的合力F 与F '的图示.19.(15分)质量为10kg 的物体在200F =N 的水平推力作用下,从上表面粗糙、固定斜面的底端A 由静止开始沿斜面向上运动,已知斜面长AB 5=米,倾角37θ=︒,物体与斜面间的动摩擦因数0.2μ=,空气阻力不计.(1)画出上升过程中物体的受力示意图,并求物体受到滑动摩擦力大小; (2)求物体向上运动的加速度大小;(3)若物体上行3m 后撤去推力F ,物体能否到达斜面最高点B ,说明理由。

并求出物体到达地面时的动能大小。

(已知sin370.6︒=,cos370.8︒=,g 取10m/s 2)A OBCA OD(甲)(乙) CBO1N 2N0 D(丙)OFa(乙)20.(13分)如图(甲)所示,平行光滑金属导轨水平放置,两轨相距0.4L =m ,导轨一端与阻值0.4R =Ω的电阻相连,导轨电阻不计.导轨0x >一侧存在沿x 方向均匀增大的恒定磁场,其方向垂直导轨平面向下,磁感应强度B 随位置x 变化如图(乙)所示.一根电阻不计的金属棒垂直置于导轨上,棒在外力作用下从0x =处以初速度02=v m/s 沿导轨向右变速运动.已知金属棒在运动过程中受到的安培力大小不变. (1)画出金属棒上的感应电流方向,并计算其受到的安培力大小A F ; (2)金属棒在1x =m 处的速度大小;(3)金属棒从0x =运动到2x =m 过程中,电阻R 上产生的热量Q 大小;(4)金属棒从0x =运动到2x =m 过程中,流过金属棒的电量q 大小.图(乙)B /Tx /mO 1.0 2.0 1.0 0.5 1.5xOR BL图(甲) v崇明区2018~2019年第二学期质量调研测试高三物理试卷参考答案一、单项选择题(共40分,1至8题每小题3分,9至12题每小题4分。

每小题只有一个正确选项) 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 答案DCBCCBACBAAB二、填空题(每题4分,共20分)第一空 第二空13 乙 波动性 14 减小 增大 15 2 1.28 16 2.012.83 17sin mg q Lkα= 3gsin α/4三、综合题(共40分) 注意:第19、20题在列式计算、逻辑推理以及回答问题过程中,要求给出必要的图示、文字说明、公式、演算等。

18题 12分(1) 8分,每空2分(a ) d/Δt 1 2221()()2d d t t a L-∆∆= (b )重物B B(2) 4分(图略)19、解:(15分)(1)5分 受力分析图 (2分)垂直斜面方向平衡:F N =mg cosθ+F sinθ (1分) F f =μF N =μ(mg cosθ+F sinθ) (1分)代入数据解出:F f =40N (1分)(2)4分 有受力分析图 (1分)沿斜面方向牛顿定律:F cosθ-F f -mg sinθ=ma (1分)解出:a 1=(F cosθ-F f -mg sinθ)/m (1分)代入数据解出:a 1=6m/s 2 (1分)(3)6分 撤去受力分析图 撤去F 后,根据牛顿第二定律,mg sinθ+μmg cosθ=ma 2 a 2=7.6m/s 2 (1分) 撤去F 瞬间,物体速度设为v 1 由v 12=2aS 1,解出v 1=12as =6m/s 若运动到停止需要的距离为S 2 由 v 12=2a 2S 2 S 2=2.37m(1分)Nθ Gf FN θ G fS2>S=2m 所以物体能够到达最高点B(1分)到达B点时速度为v2v12- v22=2 a2Sv22=5.6 动能E k2=m v22/2=28J (1分)B点高度h=ABsin37=3m B点重力势能E p2=mgh=300J (1分)离开B点后,物体抛出斜面落地,机械能守恒,设地面为零势能点E k2+ E p2= E k3E k3=328J (1分)20、(13分)解:(1)在x=0米处B1=0.5TE1=B1Lv0=0.4V (1分)I1=E/R=1A (1分)F A= B1 I1L=0.2N (1分)(2)在x=1米处B2=1T (1分)F A不变,F A=B2IL I2=0.5A (1分)I2R=BLv1v1 =0.5m/s (1分)(3)金属棒克服安培力做功,把机械能转化为电能(1分)纯电阻电路中,电流所做的功,全部转化为热量(1分)Q=F A x (1分)Q =0.4J (1分)(4)I=BLv/R 设在Δt时间内通过的电量ΔqΔq=1Δt= BLvΔt /R= BΔS /R=Δφ /R (1分)所以有在通过2米q=I t==ΔΦ/R=(B1+B2)Lx/2R (1分)q =2C (1分)。

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