2020版 第2部分 板块4 第4讲 特殊句式

第4讲特殊句式
[全国卷考情分析]
考点一倒装句
[先试做题组]
单句语法填空
1．(2019·荆州质检)Only then did we realize there was an earthquake.I was too frightened to move.
2．(2019·四川名校联测)At the top of the hill lies (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
3．(2019·连云港月考)Now，just in front of the house stands(stand) a tall tree with a history of 100 years.
4．(2019·江苏四市调研)One has reason to believe that China's anti-corruption over the past few years，tough as/though it is，has achieved inspiring progress.
[再解读要点]
1．完全倒装
表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语here，there，now，then，up，down，away，off，in，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时。

At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China.
在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆。

2．部分倒装
(1)否定副词(never，neither，nor，hardly，little，seldom，rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time，by no means，on no condition，in no case等)置于句首时。

Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.
他刚一到，天就下起雪来。

(2)only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时。

(3)so/neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语意为“……也是如此/也不……”。

(4)在not only...but (also)...句型中，若not only置于句首时，需将not only所在的句子部分倒装。

(5)not until...置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。

(6)so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的成分置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。

Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。

Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定。

考点二强调句
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·襄阳四校联考)Although it was ten years ago that I read the book, it shows me a universal truth that books are friends, always pushing us to move on.
2．(2019·湖北四地七校联考)In recent years，stress has been regarded as a cause of mental problems.However，like so many other things，it is only too much stress that does you harm.
3．(2019·樟树六校一联)In that way，World Read Aloud Day does(do)help make a difference.
Ⅱ.单句改错
4．(2019·衡阳联考)It is working in teams instead of on my own which has freed me from trouble and made my work more efficient.which→that
[再解读要点]
1．陈述句式：It is/was...that/who...(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋...that/who...?
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that...?
I wonder what it is that makes you so addicted to the mobile phone.我想知道是什么让你对手机如此着迷。

2．“not...until...”的强调句：It is/was not until...that...(注意时态)
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。

他上周日的确来看过你，但是你出去了。

考点三其他常考特殊句式
[先试做题组]
单句改错
1．(2019·菏泽一模)As is known to us all, some students have breakfast regularly while others don't. There is several reasons.第二个is→are
2．(2019·山西重点中学一模)When taken exams, we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.taken→taking 3．(2019·衡水调研)Once upon a time, it was a boy whose parents named him Odd.it→there
4．(2019·长沙一模)Doing as well as you can today, and perhaps you may be able to do better tomorrow.Doing→Do
[再解读要点]
一、省略
1．状语从句的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。

Children，when accompanied by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.当他们有父母陪伴的时候，孩子是可以进入体育馆的。

2．不定式的省略
(1)在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。

常用在expect，hope，intend，mean，try，
want，wish等词后。

Firstly，people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to.首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。

(2)but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do，后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略to。

If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。

3．特殊的省略结构：if省略结构
if so如果这样的话if necessary如果有必要的话
if not如果不是这样的话if possible如果可能的话
if ever如果曾经有的话if any如果有的话
二、感叹句
1．what引导的感叹句
(1)What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before.
这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。

The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。

2．how引导的感叹句
(1)How＋adj./ad v.＋主语＋谓语！
(2)How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(3)How＋主语＋谓语！
How time flies！时光飞逝！
三、祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。

1．祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略，也可不省)。

祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don't，也可用副词never构成。

祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。

Do your homework before you watch TV.
看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。

Alice，you feed the bird today，will you?
艾丽丝，今天你喂鸟，可以吗？
2．祈使句表示假设的情况。

(1)祈使句＋and/or＋简单句
(2)名词词组(多含有more，another)＋and＋简单句
Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.
明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。

Start out right away，or we'll miss the first train.
立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。

四、there be句型
1．there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。

并且be有时可用live，remain，stand，lie，exist，seem to be，appear to be，happen to be，used to be等替换。

There have been many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。

Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。

2．there be句型的常考句型：
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事
There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/ with sth.做某事(没)有困难
There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性
[技法点拨](教师用书独具)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Only after talking to two students did I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
2．Tom seldom, if ever, paid for the software on his computer. That is, he used lots of pirated software.
3．It is human errors, rather than the natural disaster, that are to blame for the death of so many innocent people in the landslide at an industrial park in Shenzhen.
4．Into the dark apartment walked(walk) David，who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy birthday！”
5．It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in common.
6．—You didn't wait for Mr Smith last night, did you?
—No, but we didn't need to. He didn't return home at all.
7．Much as/though few readers succeed, it is exciting for readers to take the challenge to guess the result when a story comes to the end.
8．—I don't think that they will reach an agreement in such a short time.
—Neither/Nor do I. It will take time to find a win­win solution.
9．When watching(watch) the film in the theatre, the audience burst out laughing.
10．“An awful accident did, however, occur the other day，”the old man repeated, trembling all over.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Sit under the tree was a charming girl aged about seventeen or eighteen.Sit→Sitting
2．It was at that time when I realized how important it was to master a certain skill.when→that
3．Opposite our school lying a park, where a lot of people play or take exercise at
any time.lying→lies
4．Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.第二个I前加did
5．The bus was one hour late. Worse more, it picked up passengers on the way to our destination.more→still
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2019·贵阳测考)In recent years，experts 1．(begin) to talk more about certain“superfoods”that are packed wit h vitamins and other healthy things.These superfoods are mostly fruits，vegetables and some types of fish.Sadly，even though these foods 2. (aim) at families，many parents are still guilty of 3. (feed) unhealthy foods to their children.New research shows that part of the problem may be economic.Superfoods are rarely the 4．(cheap) thing in the store.Also，nutrition experts claim that it can take children fifteen times to try a new food before they actually accept it.
5．，many low­income families cannot afford to buy foods that their children may end up not eating.Unfortunately，this results in low­income children eating fewer vegetables，and this may be a reason 6．poor people in many countries are either overweight 7. more likely to get sick.8. (lucky)，many schools are now providing 9. variety of fresh foods for students，attempting to educate them about world healthyeating in school lunches.These schools hope that after trying these superfoods at school，students will encourage their parents 10. (pick) some up on their next shopping trip.
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了专家们对超级食品的研究及该食品在现实生活中的状况，提倡人们尝试超级食品。

1．have begun[根据上文的时间状语“In recent years”可知，本句应用现在完成时。

]
2．are aimed[be aimed at为固定用法，意为“目的是，旨在”。

]
3．feeding[由空前的介词of可知，应用动名词feeding。

]
4．cheapest[the后跟形容词的最高级形式，修饰名词thing。

]
5．However[根据语境可知，上下文之间为逻辑上的转折关系，故用副词However位于句首作状语。

]
6．why[根据语境并结合句子结构可知，此处应用why引导定语从句，在从句中作原因状语，修饰先行词reason。

]
7．or[either...or...为固定搭配，意为“或者……或者……”，故用连词or。

] 8．Luckily[根据逗号并结合下文内容可知，此处应用副词Luckily在句子中作状语。

]
9．a[a variety of为固定搭配，意为“多种多样的”，故用冠词a。

]
10．to pick[encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，为固定用法。

] Ⅱ.短文改错
As we all known, classroom is a place where students ought to work hard to realize their dream. However, there are some students not using class properly, that makes things go from bad to worse. For example, some students played mobile phones or sleep in class, wasting plenty of precious time. What's worse, some students enjoy chat with others. Not only it affect their own study, but it also does harm to others.
As far as I am concern, the main reason is that they don't realize the important of study. To solve this problem, they should bear in mind making the full use of class is the best way to improve the efficiency of study. After all, time and tide waits for no man.
【答案】
As we all known
know，classroom is a place where students ought to work hard to
realize their dream
dreams. However, there are some students not using class properly,
that
which makes things go from bad to worse. For example, some students played play
mobile phones or sleep in class, wasting plenty of precious time. What's worse,
some students enjoy
chat
chatting with others. Not only
∧
does it affect their own study,
but it also does harm to others.
As far as I am
concern
concerned，the main reason is that they don't realize the
important
importance of study. To solve this problem, they should bear in mind making ﹨
the full use of class is the best way to improve the efficiency of study. After all, time and
tide waits
wait for no man.。