英语语言学教程最新课件9

1.2 Devices of Foregrounding
• Outside literature, so the assumption goes, language tends to be automatized; its structures and meanings are used routinely. Within literature, however, this is opposed by devices which thwart the automatism with which language is read, processed, or understood. Generally, two such devices may be distinguished, those of deviation and of parallelism.
1.1 What is ‘foregrounding’?
• Frank Hakemulder & Willie van Peer: • In a purely linguistic sense, the term
'foregrounding' is used to refer to new information, in contrast to elements in the sentence which form the background against which the new elements are to be understood by the listener / reader.
• to differentiate literature from other varieties of language use, such as everyday conversations or scientific reports.
• Thus the term covers a wide area of meaning. This may have its advantages, but may also be problematic: which of the above meanings is intended must often be deduced from the context in which the term is used.
• specific devices (as produced by the author) located in the text itself. It is also employed to indicate the specific poetic effect on the reader.
• an analytic category in order to evaluate literary texts, or to situate them historically, or to explain their importance and cultural significance.
•Chapter Nine Language and
Literature
• Literary stylistics(文学文体学):
It is the part of linguistics that studies the language of literature. It focuses on the study of linguistic features related to literary style.
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• In the wider sense of stylistics, text linguistics, and literary studies, it is a translation of the Czech aktualisace (actualization), a term common with the Prague Structuralists. In this sense it has become a spatial metaphor: that of a foreground and a background, which allows the term to be related to issues in perception psychology, such as figure / ground constellations.
• The English term 'foregrounding' has come to mean several things at once:
• the (psycholinguistic) processes by which - during the reading act something may be given special prominence
The red-haired woman, smiling, waving to the disappearing shore. She left the maharajah; she left innumerable other lights o’ passing love in towns and cities and theatres and railway stations all over the world. But Melchior she did not leave.
1. Foregrounding
• The 1960 dream of high rise living soon turned into a nightmare.
• Four storeys have no windows left to smash But in the fifth a chipped sill buttresses Mother and daughter the last mistresses Of that black block condemned to stand, not crash.