2019年高考英语一轮总复习第一部分重点全程攻略Unit4Astronomythescienceof

2019年高考英语一轮总复习第一部分重点全程攻略
Un it4Astro nomythescie nceofthestars 限时规范特训新人教版
I •阅读理解（建议用时16'）
[xx •复旦附中高三检测]Space exploration has always been the province W1of dreamers: The human imagination readily soars while human ingenuity （仓U 造力）struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first scienee fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three cen turies before the first manned rockets started to fly.
In 1961, whe n Preside nt Kenn edy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They reson ated
with optimism and ambiti on in much the same way as the most famous dream speech of all, delivered W2by Mart in Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade,
both visions had yielded concrete results and transformed American society. And yet
in many ways the two dreams en ded up at odds with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic （讲求实用的）and immediate in its impact.
The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims.
When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no gra nd follow
—up to the Apollo missi ons. The tech no logically promised W3space shuttle program
has just e to an end P1, with no successor. The perpetual argument is that funds are tight, that we have more press ing problems here on Earth. Amid the curre nt concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury —as if savi ng one —thousa ndth of a sin gle year's budget would solve our problems.
But human ingenuity struggles on. NASAis developing a series of robotic probes
that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or mach ine. On the flip side, panies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom —up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within reach of rich civilians W4in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.
The space dreamers end up ben efit ing all of us —not just because of the way they expa nd huma n kno wledge, or because of the spin —off tech no logies they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed_off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to P2the idea that humans can transcend what were once considered in here nt limitati ons. Today we face seem ing challe nges in en ergy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit W5. The more evidenee we collect that our species is capable of greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。

作者认为太空探索一直都是梦想家的领域，它激发了人
类的想象力和创造力。

1．The author mentions Cyrano de Bergerac in order to show that _______ .
A．imagination is the mother of invention
B．ingenuity is essential for science fiction writers
C．it takes patience for humans to realize their dreams
D．dreamers have always been interested in science fiction
答案： A 推理判断题。

根据文章第一段第一句中的“ The human imagination readily soars while human ingenuity （创造力） struggles to follow. ”可知，人类想象力汹涌澎湃，而人类的创造力也苦苦地紧追不舍，也就是“想象是创造之母”。

故选A。

2．How did the general public view Kennedy's space exploration plan?
A．It symbolized the American dream.
B．It was as urgent as racial equality.
C．It sounded very much like a dream.
D．It made an ancient dream e true.
答案：C 细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句“ In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. ”可知，1961年肯尼迪总统宣布美国将到20 世纪60 年代末把人类送到月球上，那样的话语同样也像是做梦一般。

故选C。

3．What does the author say about America's aim to explore space?
A．It may not bring about immediate economic gains.
B．It cannot be realized without technological innovation.
C．It will not help the realization of racial and economic equality.
D．It cannot be achieved without a good knowledge of the other worlds.
答案：A 推理判断题。

根据第二段最后三句“The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic （讲求实用的） and immediate in its impact. The urge
to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in it s aims. ”可知，为种族和经济平等的斗争非常讲求实用，能够产生立竿见影的效果，而探索太空不可能产生立竿见影的经济效果。

故选A。

4．Which of the following is the closest to the underlined phrase “feed off ”
in the last paragraph?
A．support B．contradict
C．weaken D．substitute for
答案：A 词义猜测题。

根据最后一段第一句“ The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us —not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin －off technologies they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed off each other. ”可知，太空梦想家们的努力终将造福我们所有人，其原因不仅在于他们拓展人类知识的方式，或者他们研发出来的衍生技术，而是因为两种类型的梦想可以相互扶持。

可知feed off 是“ support ”的意思。

故选A。

5．What is the author's attitude toward space programs?
A. Critical.
B. Reserved.
C. Un biased.
D. Supportive.
答案：D 推理判断题。

根据最后一段第一句"The space dreamers end up ben efiti ng
all of us ”可知，作者是支持梦想家们的，也是支持美国的太空探索项目的。

故选 W 重点单词
1. province n . 领域； 省份
2. deliver vt . 发表；递送；交付 3
. promise vt .让步；放弃 n .
折中，妥协 4. civilia n n .平民；老百姓 5. credit n .
荣誉；信用 P 重点短语
1
e to an end 结束 2.appeal to 呼吁；上诉；要求
虽础 决定 高廃
B
[xx •成都毕业班诊断[NASA's New Horizons probe （ 宇宙探测器）flew by Pluto （ 冥 王星）this morning, sending back history's first up — close looks at the vast freezing —cold world. Closest approach came at 7 : 49 a . m. EDT. To celebrate, NASA gave out P1 the latest photo of Pluto. It showed a reddish world with an amaz ing heart
—shaped feature on its surface.
After today's close encoun ter W1, all the nine solar system's traditi on ally
recog ni zed pla nets have now bee n visited by a spaceship — a huge project begu n in 1962 when NASA's Mariner 2 probe flew past Venus, a planet in the solar system. More than 1,200 scientists, NASAguests and important persons, including 200 reporters, watched the flyby live at New Horizons' mission W2control center.
That close encounter has been a long time ing. The $723 million New Horizons mission
launched W3 in January xx but began taking shape in 1989. “New Horizons is
‘ a capstone mission ',” Glen Fountain, mission project manager told Space. .
“ It is the first pletion of the observations W4of our solar system. It is giving us a
new idea about how we huma n beings fit into the uni verse. ”
“New Horizons faced a crazy number of challenges ，” Stern, a driving force
behi nd New Horiz ons said, “ So many people stuck with this for so Ion g. They got
kn ocked dow n; they stood up. They got kno cked dow n aga in; they stood up aga in.
” In a coincidenee, today's close approach falls on the 50th anniversary W5 of the first flyby of Mars, another planet, which was pleted by NASA- s Mariner 4 spaceship.
There are no Ion ger nine officially recog ni zed pla nets, of course. The International Astronomical Union regarded Pluto as P2
“a dwarf planet ” in xx in a decisi on that remains con troversial （
有争议的）today. 篇章导读：文章主要讲述了对太阳系行星冥王星的探测以及对其地位的讨论。

D
o
6. Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Ideas still vary in the identity of Pluto.
B. Only scientists could watch the flyby live.
C. Mars is the first planet visited by a spaceship.
D. New Horizons mission aimed to observe the solar system.
答案：A细节理解题。

根据最后一段最后一句"The International Astronomical Union regarded Pluto as ‘ a dwarf pla net ' in xx in a decisi on that remainscon troversial （有争议的）today. ”可知，对冥王星的认识还是有争议的。

故答案是A。

7. Glen Fountain may probably agree that _______ .
A. it is the most difficult to land on Pluto in the solar system
B. New Horizons mission is a long and troublesome project
C. their strong determ in ati on leads to the successful flyby
D. people are likely to find new ways to fit into space
答案：D细节理解题。

根据第三段最后一句"It's giving us a new idea about how we human bei ngs fit into the un iverse. ”可知，格伦•方丹认为人们或许会发现另外一种方
法去探究太空。

故答案是Do
8. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. A New Horizons Probe
B. NASA's Huge Project
C. Pluto, a Controversial Planet
D. A Close Approach to Pluto
答案：D主旨大意题。

文章主要讲述了对太阳系行星冥王星的探测。

故答案是Do
Wt点单词
1 .encoun ter n.相遇；遭遇vt.遭遇；遇到
2 .missio n使命；任务
3 .launch vt. 开始从事；发
起;
发射
4 .
observatio
n n.观察；观测
5 .
anni
versary
n.周年纪念日
P重点短语
1give out 分发；发出；公布
2 .
regard...as
..
■将... 视
为•
---------------- 展础决定——高度-----------------------
n .七选五（建议用时7'）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

[xx •衡水中学三调]It is gen erally believed that money can't buy happ in ess.
However, that may not be always true. According to a recent article, in the last few
years, a new research has give n us a far deeper un dersta nding of the relati on ship betwee n what we earn and how we feel. Broadly speak ing, people with higher ines are happier than those who struggle to
get by. But it also shows you need to spend wisely if you expect those bank no tes to put a smile on your face. __1__ _
1. Buy experiences, not material goods.
In a recen tly published study, Professor Ryan at San Fran cisco State Uni versity in the US, found that when people don't have much money to spare, they tend to stick to material goods. __2__ But they actually provide both more happ in ess and more lasti ng value.
2. __3__
No matter how much money you spend on something and how special that product is, you will get used to having it over time and lose interest in it. With the same money
you spend on one big object, you can buy manylittle things. Buying small things means you can get freque nt small pleasures.
3. Be sure to buy time.
4 For example, that big house in the suburbs may seem like a good idea, but
a xx study by researchers from University of Zurich in Switzerland found that people with Ion ger time on the way reported lower life satisfact ion, all other thi ngs being equal.
4. Try giving it away.
Elizabeth Dunn, professor at the University of British Columbia in Canada, found that in n ati ons as diverse as Can ada, South Africa and Ugan da, givi ng away money con siste ntly made people happier. __5__ _
A. Be sure to buy what you like.
B. Here are some ways to better spend your money.
C. Buy lots of little things, rather than one big thing.
D. There are a lot of reas ons some one might buy someth ing.
E. People think experie nces only provide temporary happ in ess.
F. This was even true when people giving away were relatively poor.
G. Consider how the things you buy will affect how you spend your time.
篇章导读：本文是议论文。

文章就如何更好地消费给出几条建议。

1. B 承上启下的过渡句。

主要引领下文四条建议。

2. E 结合上下文并紧扣小标题中的关键词buy experiences 可知，答案为E。

3. C 根据该段中关键语句" With the same money you spend on one big object, you
can buy many little thin gs. Buying small thi ngs means you can get freque nt small pleasures. ”可知，C项符合语境。

4. G 该段关键词为"buy time ”，G 项为"Consider how the things you buy will affect how you spe nd your time. ”，紧扣小标题，符合语境。

5. F 该段关键词为"give away "，即赠送的乐趣。

川.语法填空(建议用时8')
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

[xx •河北名校联考]A police car pulled up in front of an older woman's house, and her husba nd climbed out. The polite policema n __1__ (expla in) to his wife that
“ this elderly gentleman ” said that he was lost in the park and that could n't find
his way home. “How could it happen ?” she asked _ 2__ (surprise). “You've been going to that park for over 30 years! How could you get lost ?” Getting close _ 3_ his ear so that the policema n could n't hear, he whispered ，“ I was n't lost —I was just too tired 4 (walk) home. _5_ I wan ted to do is have some one send me home.”
Old age is like _6_ (climb)a mountain. The __7_ (high) you get, the more tired and breathless you will bee. Your bodies will bee less __8_ (cooperate) than before
as you age. But you can have a better view whe n you reach the top of the mountain _9_ one can have a Ion ger view of the past and can therefore un dersta nd the future with more clarity. It is your attitude that matters.
George Bernard Shaw said, “Someare younger at seventy than most at seventeen. ”
I thi nk it is because they have a broader outlook. _10_ will take a lifetime to climb the mountain, but, for me, the view will be worth the journey.
1. ______
2. _________
3. ________
4. __________
5. ______
6. _________
7. ________
8. __________
9. ______ 10. ________
篇章导读：本文为议论文。

变老并不可怕，只要我们的心态年轻，即便身体老了，也能像年轻人那样生活，享受生活。

1. explained 考查动词的时态。

句中缺少谓语，且故事发生在过去，故用explained <
2. surprisedly 考查词性转换。

用副词来修饰主语她当时说话的神态。

3. to 考查介词。

get close to 为固定短语，意为"接近，靠近”。

4. to walk ....................................................................................................... 考查固定句式。

"too + adj./ adv. + to do sth. ”结构意为"太.................................... 而不
能干某事”。

5 .What/All 考查主语从句和定语从句。

用What则为主语从句；用All则All后为定
语从
句。

6 .climbi
ng
考查固定搭
配。

like为介词，be like doi ng sth."像做某事”。

7 .higher 考查固定句式。

the +比较级...,the +比较级...，意为越 ............ ,
就越••。

8. cooperative 考查形容词。

作bee的表语，故用形容词。

9. where 考查定语从句。

where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。

10. It 考查代词。

It作形式主语，用在固定句式It takes time to do sth. "花费
时间干某事。

”
IV .书面表达（建议用时20'）
[xx •衡水中学考前模拟]假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jane准备暑假来中国学习中文，
给你写信请你帮忙推荐一所中文学校，最好还能提供住宿方面的信息。

请根据以下要点给她
回复一封电子邮件。

1 •学校位置：你家附近；
2 •教学方面：课程、经验等；
3.食宿：学校或你家。

注意：1.词数100左右；
2 •可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Jane ,
Look ing forward to your early reply.
Yours ,
Li Hua ［标准范文］
Dear_Jane ,
Glad to receive your e —mail and know that you would like to lear n Chin ese in
China this summer vacation. Fortunately, just next to my neighborhood lies a well
—known Ianguage school experieneed in teaching foreigners Chinese. Despite various cultural backgrounds, the students can speak Chinese freely after the training. They
teach different courses for different students and the classes are lively and
in teresti ng. I'm sure you will like it.
This is a boarding school, so you can live and eat in the school. It is close
to my house and we still have a room to spare, so you can stay with us if you like.
The n all my family can help you practise Chin ese.
Looking forward to your early reply. ______
Yours ,
Li Hua
2019 年高考英语大一轮复习Unit 4 Astronomy : the scienee of the stars
课时作业新人教版必修3
i .阅读理解
［xx •四川绵阳诊断］
Even after his death , Mitchell Whisenhunt has found a way to surprise and bring
fort to his wife and young daughter , with some letters designated to be opened on
certa in dates.
Mitchell lost his battle with Marfan syndrome（马方综合征）at 26.The rare genetic disorder affects the body's connective tissue , which is used to hold together organs , cells and tissue.
Ashley Whisenhunt,22 , cared for her husband until his death but said she was
astonished when she discovered the 30 letters he left for her , their 18-month-old daughter Brynl eigh and the mun ity.
The little girl will grow up with a letter every year from her sec ond to 18th
birthday from a man she did n't get to spe nd much time with but who left no doubt that he loved her uncon diti on ally.
“Through his testimony , there is so much she is going to learn，” Ashley told ABC News.
One letter was also addressed to their Longview , Texas, munity , thanking them
for their support.
“ It just blows my mind ，” Ashley said of her husband's secret gesture. “ He thought about everybody else in stead of himself. ”
Ashley said she would respect her husba nd's wishes and ope n each letter as he planned , however, there was one special surprise left for her that she said hit her the hardest.
In a spiral notebook that Ashley used before she dropped out of college to care
for her husband , he wrote a letter to her asking that she publish a book of poetry
he had writte n.
Mitchell Whisenhunt even planned his own funeral , and the funeral director said
he could n't tell Ashley because it was Mitchell's pla n and secret.Ashley said she could n't help but won der what other surprises her husba nd had in store. “ There are ones we still don't know about ，” she said.
1. How many letters will Ashley Whisenhunt receive from her husband?
A. 30.
B. 22.
C. 12.
D. 13.
2. The underlined word ______________________ “ones” in the last paragraph refers to .
A.books
B. poems
C . notebooks D. surprises
3. What's the best title for the passage?
A. Love from Heaven
B. Fight Against Diseases
C. Respect for Father
D. Secrets in Store
答案：［解题导语］本文讲述了Mitchell在患马方综合征死后，仍给他的妻子和女儿以惊喜和安慰。

他生前给她们写了一些信，并且指定在特定的日子打开。

1. C 解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段的"she discovered the 30 letters he left for her, their
18-month-old daughter Brynleigh and the munity ” 和第四段的"The little girl will grow up with a letter every year from her sec ond to 18th birthday ”以及第六段的"One letter was also addressed to their Longview, Texas , munity ” 可知, 他一共写了30封信，其中给女儿17封，社区I封，故给妻子应是12封，选C项。

2. D 解析：词义猜测题。

根据上文的"Ashley said she could n't help but wo nder
what other surprises her husba nd ha d in store. ”可知，她禁不住想知道丈夫还有什么
其他的惊喜，故ones应表示惊喜，选D项。

3. A 解析：标题判断题。

根据第一段可知，Mitchell 在他死后用信的方式给家人以
安慰，所以选A项“来自天堂的爱”。

n.完形填空
[xx •河南郑州预测]
I always walk to my husband's office after work, wait for him and then we drive home together every day.
One day , while I was waiting for him , a beautiful Cadillac （凯迪拉克轿车）
__1__near me.I was busy __2__the car when I noticed the driver.__3= , she was probably the most 4 womanl had ever seen outside of a movie screen.Her eyes were as blue as the sea, and she had teeth like pearls.Minutes later , a man walked over and they drove off.Sitti ng there , dressed in jea ns and a T-shirt , I wan ted to__5__. “ Why is
it so__6__that some people have it all ?” I thought.
The next week I saw her aga in
,and after that it almost became my__7__to see her.I would
__8__f she and her husba nd ate out a lot and where they wen t.I wan ted her to get out of the car so that I could see her in__9__len gth.
A few weeks later , this question was __10__for me.I was waiting at my usual spot and the lady's husba nd came over to their car.He ope ned the door.The pretty woma n __11 walked around to the passenger side —leaning on a walking cane.She __12—one leg with her hands and then the other.She had an artificial limb（假肢） on her left leg and a brace on her right one.
As they drove away , I began to cry.When my husband arrived , I told him about what had
__13__.He said that he knew her husband and that , when the lady was twelve years old , she had been 14__in a car that got stuck on the railroad tracks.Unfortunately , both her parents were killed.The rail pany made a large
__15__with her because the crossing had no __16__.That's __17__she owns such a nice car now.
For weeks I have __18__this womanand her way of life , but now I realize how 19__I am.When you meet a person who seems to be much better off than you , don't be fooled
by_20_.
1 .A.drove in B
.
pulled up
c .spe
d by D
.
turned
away
2
. A.clea ning B
.
tak ing
C . expect ing D
.
admiri ng
3 .A.Ho nestly B
.
Si ncerely
C . Surpris in gly D
.
Obviously
4 .A.peaceful B
.
typical
C . beautiful D
.
patie nt
5
. A.cry B
.
argue
C . escape D
.
ask
6 .A.un bearable B
.
unu sual
C . un fair D
.
un
believable
7 .A.chanee B
.
won der
C . regret
D
.
rout ine
& A.imagi ne B
. won der
C . guess D
.
doubt
9
. A.great B
.
equal
C . full D
.
sta ndard
1 0 .A.raised B
.
an swered
C . prese nted
D
.
checked
1 1 .A.slowly B
.
firmly
C . quickly
D
.
hurriedly
1 2 .A.be nt B
.
spread
C . crossed D
.
lifted
1 3 .A.changed B
.
happened
C. passed
D . hidde n 14. A.discovered
B . protected C. left D
. trapped
15. A.settlement B .
exchange C. promise
D . arran geme
nt 16. A.stops B . no tices C. signals D
.
lights
17. A.why
B . whe n C. because D
. where
18. A.respected B . observed C. accepted D
. en vied
19. A.boring B .
mature C. lucky
D .
con fide nt 20. A.collections
B . appeara nces
C. backgrounds
D . descriptio
ns
答案：［解题导语］“我”在等丈夫一起开车回家时，看到了一位开着豪车的漂亮女士， “我”非常忌妒她。

后来得知，这位女士在十二岁时遭遇车祸， 失去双亲，自己也因此残疾，
铁路公司赔偿了她大笔安置费。

“我”才意识到自己是多么幸运。

1. B 解析：根据该句中的“ a beautiful Cadillac （
凯迪拉克轿车
）__1__ near me ”
可以判断，一辆凯迪拉克轿车停在“我”身旁。

pull up “停车”，符合语境。

drive in “驶 进”，speed by “飞逝”，turn away “拒绝"，都与语境不符。

2. D 解析：根据上句中的“ a beautiful Cadillac （凯迪拉克轿车）”，可知，“我” 忙于欣赏此车。

admire “欣赏”，符合语境。

clean
“清理”，take “拿”，expect “预
期”，都与语境不符。

3. A 解析：根据下句“ Her eyes were as blue as the sea , and she had teeth like pearls ”可知，这位女驾驶员明眸皓齿；
据此可以判断，的确她可能是“我”看到的电影银
幕外最美的女子。

honestly “真的，的确”，符合语境。

sincerely “真诚地”，surprisingly
“惊人地”，obviously “显然"，都与语境不符。

4.
C 解析：参见上题解析。

beautiful “漂亮的”，符合语境。

peaceful “和平的”，
typical
“典型的”，patie nt
“有耐心的”，都与语境不符。

5. A 解析：根据下句中的“ Why is it so_
6__that some people have it all
”可
知，“我”羡慕这位驾驶凯迪拉克轿车的女士；结合该句中的“dressed in jea ns and a
T-shirt ”可以判断，“我”衣着平常，“我”想哭。

cry “哭泣”，符合语境。

argue “争论”，escape “逃离”，ask “询问"，都与语境不符。

6．C 解析：根据语境可知，“我”衣着平常，而那位驾驶凯迪拉克轿车的女士则明眸皓齿。

据此可以判断，“我”感到不公平。

unfair “不公平的”，符合语境。

unbearable “无法忍受的”，unusual “不平常的”，unbelievable “难以相信的”，都与语境不符。

7．D 解析：根据该句中的“ The next week I saw her again ”可知，第二周“我” 又见到了她；据此可以判断，“我”时常见到她，routine “常规”，符合语境，故 D 项正确；chance “机会”，wonder “奇迹”，regret “遗憾”，都与语境不符。

8．B 解析：根据该句中的if 从句可以判断，“我”想知道她和她的丈夫是否经常在外面吃饭并且去哪里吃。

wonder “想知道”，符合语境。

imagine “想象”，guess “猜测”，doubt “怀疑”，都与语境不符。

9．C 解析：根据该句中的“ length ”表达的语境可以判断，“我”想要她走出轿车，看看她的整个身高。

full “完全的”，符合语境。

great “伟大的”，equal “等同的”，standard “标准的”，都与语境不符。

10．B 解析：根据该句中的“ question ”可知，“我”有了这一问题的答案。

answer “回答”，符合语境。

raise “举起”，present “展现”，check “检查”，都与语境不符。

11．A 解析：根据该段最后一句“ She had an artificial limb（假肢）on her left leg and a brace on her right one ”可知，她装着假肢；据此可以判断，她行走缓慢。

slowly
“缓慢地”，符合语境。

firmly “坚定地”，quickly “快速地”，hurriedly “匆忙地”，都与语境不符。

12．D 解析：根据下句“ She had an artificial limb（假肢）on her left leg and a brace on her right one”可知，她装着假肢；据此可以判断，她用双手抬起腿。

lift "抬起”，符合语境。

bend “弯曲”，spread “传播”，cross “穿过”，都与语境不符。

13．B 解析：根据前文对“我”所看到的事实的描述可以判断，当“我”的丈夫到来时，“我”将所发生的事情告诉了他。

happen “发生”，符合语境。

change “改变”，pass “经过”，hide “掩藏”，都与语境不符。

14．D 解析：根据该句中的“ in a car that got stuck on the railroad tracks ”
可以判断，在这位女士十二岁的那一年，她被困在一辆陷入铁轨的轿车里。

trap “困住”，符合语境。

disc over “发现”，protect “保护”，leave “离开”，都与语境不符。

15．A 解析：根据上句的“ both her parents were killed ”可知，在事故中，她的父母双亡；据此可以判断，铁路公司给她一大笔安置费。

settlement “ （解决纷争的）协议”，符合语境。

exchange “交换”，promise “承诺”，arrangement “安排”，都与语境不符。

16．C 解析：根据语境可知，铁道交叉处没有信号灯导致了事故的发生。

signal “指示灯，信
号灯”，符合语境。

stop “车站”，notice “布告”，light “灯”，都与语境
不符。

17．A 解析：那就是为什么(why) 她现在拥有一辆如此漂亮的车。

18．D 解析：根据第二段可知，“我”所见到的这位女士开着豪车并且长得漂亮，而“我”则衣着平平，据此可以判断，“我”忌妒她。

envy “忌妒”，符合语境。

respect “尊敬”，observe “观察”，accept “接受”，都与语境不符。

19．C 解析：根据前文可知，这位女士在事故中失去双亲，也因此残疾，据此可以判断，“我”意识到自己是多么的幸运。

lu cky “幸运的”，符合语境。

boring “厌烦的”，mature “成熟的”，confident “自信的”，都与语境不符。

20．B 解析：根据语境可知，当你遇到一位看起来比你好得多的人时，不要被其外表
欺骗。

appearance “外表”，符合语境。

collection “收集物”，background “背景”，description “描述”，都与语境不符。

川.语法填空
[xx •河南八市重点中学质检]
Styrofoam is plastic 1. _______ a bad reputation.
It cannot be recycled without releasing ( 释放) dangerous pollutants into the
air.The U．S.Environmental Protection Agency 2. __________ (say) it is the fifth largest
creator of dangerous waste.
Scientists from the U ．S.and China have discovered that mealworms can digest
plastic.One mealworm can digest a pill-sized amount of plastic a day.
Study co-author says that in 24 hours ，the plastic 3. _____________ (turn) into carbon dioxide.
Are the worms hurt by 4. _________ (eat) plastic ？The study found that worms eating Styrofoam were as 5. ______ (health) as worms eating bran( 糠) ．
Styrofoam is a lightweight material ，about 95 percent air ，with very good insulation properties ( 绝缘性) ，according to .It is used in products from 6. (cup) that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging
materials 7. _______ protect items during shipping.
“Solving 8. _______ problem of plastic pollution is ndfill space
is being limited ，” says Wu ，a Stanford University environmental engineering instructor.
About 33 million tons of plastic are thrown away in the United States every year.Plastic plates ，cups and containers take 9.____________________________ 25 percent to 30 percent
of space in America's landfills.One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years 10. (recycle) in a landfill ，according to Cleveland State University.
答案：[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中美科学家发现大黄粉虫的幼虫能消化塑料垃圾。

1．with 解析：考查介词。

with a bad reputation 表示“有坏名声”。

2．says 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。

文章时态以一般现在时为主，且主语为单
数名词，故填says 。

3．is turned 解析：考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。

主语the plastic 为不可数名词，与turn 之间构成动宾关系，且该句为一般现在时，故填is turned 。

4．eating 解析：考查非谓语动词。

介词by 后接动名词作宾语，故填eating 。

5．healthy 解析：考查形容词。

系动词后用形容词作表语，故填healthy 。

6．cups 解析：考查名词复数。

分析句子结构可知，空后that 引导的定语从句中的谓语动词为keep，故应用复数名词cups。

7．that/which 解析：考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，这里是一个定语从句，从
句缺少主语且指代物，故填that 或which 。

8．the 解析：考查冠词。

因problem 后有of plastic pollution 作后置定语，表示
特指，故填the 。

9．up 解析：考查固定搭配。

根据语境可知，此处表示“占据(take up) ”，故填up。

10.to recycle 解析：考查非谓语动词。

根据"sth./sb. takes some time to do sth. 结构可知，此处应填to recycle 。

IV.短文改错
Dear Tom，
We're so glad you're ing to join us on Saturday.Here is what you can find us.We'll have our picnic in the People's Park.You know where that is ，isn't you ？After you entered the park by the main gate ，walk straightly on till you e to a stream.Cross the stream and turning right.After walking in a while you'll e to a hill.Walk around to other side of the hill.There you'll see a lake.We'll have our picnic here in the small wood by the lake.I'm sure that you'll have no trouble finding us.Look forward to you arrival.
Yours ，
Li Hua
答案:Dear Tom.
We re so glad you're coming to join us on Saturday. He“ is what you can find u$・ We 11 have our picnic in the People s how Park・ You know where that is. isn't you? After you entered don't enter the park by the main gate, walk straightly on till you come to a straight stream・ Cross the stream and turning right. After walking in a turn for while you 11 come to a hill. Walk around to A other side of the the hill. There you'll see a lake・ We 11 have our picnic here in the there small wood by the lake. I'm sure that you 11 have no trouble woods finding us. Look forward to you arrival・
your
Yours-
Li Hua。