2019版高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读9教师用书北师大版必修

Unit 9 Wheels
(对应学生用书第62页)
[单词拼写应用]
Ⅰ.考纲单词 - -会拼写、要识记
1．therefore adv. 所以 ,因此
2．hopeful adj.(人)抱有希望的
3．thief n. 贼 ,小偷
4．platform n. 站台 ,月台
5．gentle adj.和蔼的 ,温和的
6．vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量
7．foolish adj.愚蠢的
8．sunlight n. 阳光 ,日光
9．shopping n. 购物
10．figure n. 数字 ,数目
11．pedestrian n. 行人12．ambassador n. 大使13．fierce adj.凶狠的 ,凶恶的14．schedule n. 时间表；进度表15．kindergarten n. 幼儿园16．pavement n. 人行道17．ferry n. 渡船
Ⅱ.派生单词 - -能区分
1．actual adj.实际的
→actually adv.实际地 ,真实地
2．benefit vi.&n. 得益；好处
→beneficial adj.有好处的
3．convenience n. 方便 ,便利
→convenient adj.方便的 ,便利的
4．neighbourhood n. 街坊；邻近地区
→neighbour n. 邻居
5．consequence n. 后果 ,结果
→consequent adj.随之而发生的；必然的；符合逻辑的
6．argue vi.争辩 ,争吵
→argument n. 理由；论据；争论 ,争辩
7．sense n. 感觉
→sensitive adj.善解人意的；敏感的
8．responsibility n. 责任 ,负责 ,职责
→responsible adj.负责的
9．impression n. 印象 ,感觉
→impress vt.给某人深刻印象 ,使铭记
→impressive adj.令人印象深刻的 ,感人的
10．rely vi.依靠 ,依赖
→reliable adj.可靠的
11．appreciate vt.感谢；欣赏
→appreciation n. 感谢；评价
12．construct v. 建造 ,建设
→construction n. 建筑；建筑物
13．physics n. 物理学
→physicist n. 物理学家
→physical adj.身体的；物质的
14．admit vt.成认 ,供认
→admission n. 成认；允许进入
15．addicted adj.沉溺于……的
→addict n. 对……入迷的人；瘾君子
→addiction n. 瘾；嗜好
→addictive adj.使人上瘾的
16．occupy vt.占用(空间、面积、时间等)
→occupation n. 职业
17．suit vt.适合
→suitable adj.适合的
18．frequent adj.时常发生的
→frequently adv. 频繁地 ,时常
Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．I have my doubts that anyone has actually(actual) followed the procedures
strictly.(2021·天津 (高|考 ))
2．Buses run frequently(frequent) between the city and the airport.
3．Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable(suit) for eating ,so they are thrown away.
4．Located where the Belt meets the Road ,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Roadconstruction(construct)．(2021·江苏 (高|考 ))
5．We talked until the early hours ,and consequently(consequence) we overslept. 6．It is beneficial(benefit) to some people ,while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.(2021·江苏 (高|考 )·书面表达)
7．Stop feeling embarrassed because you are a sensitive(sense) person and your emotions are close to the surface.
8．He is a reliable(rely) man ,and you can rely on him to do what he has promised. 9．If you try to bring up the matter again ,you will be very foolish(fool)．10．The Japanese occupied Taiwan and the occupation lasted fifty­one years.(occupy) 11．My house is in a convenient place ,near the station；please come to me at your convenience．(convenient)
12．The man has been addicted to smoking for many years ,but he is now fighting his addiction to smoking.(addict)
[拓展联想]
Ⅰ.短语回忆 - -会默写
1．fed up 不愉快的 ,厌烦的
2．work out 做运动 ,锻炼身体
3．rely on 依赖 ,依靠
4．pull up (车辆)停止 ,停车
5．pull out (火车)驶离车站 ,出站
6．so far 迄今为止
7．take place 发生；举行
8．go up 上升
9．on average 通常；平均
10．get/be stuck in 困在…… ,陷入……
11．be addicted to 沉溺于
12．be related to 与……有关
13．thanks to 由于 ,因为
14．take part in 参加
15．take action 采取行动
Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)
1．Working out for an hour every day is good for your health.
2．It's been a good game so far but it would be nice to see a few more goals. 3．When the girl was two years old ,she had an interest in learning English ,so her mother read three words to her on average every day.
4．Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the last ten years. 5．The driving instructor told me to pull up at the post office.
6．The success of this project relies on everyone making an effort.
7．When I hurried to the station ,the train has just pulled out．
8．So far the prices of many goods have been going up so that many families live
a hard life.
9．Ary told me straight out that she was fed up and wanted to leave. 10．Thanks to his effort ,it is more successful than we have expected. [拓展联想]
In conclusion ,on the one hand Ludford is an attractive town with good shops and many places of interest.On the other hand ,the local governments need to do something to control the traffic which passes through the town. On the one hand I admire his gifts ,but on the other hand I distrust his judgment.
4 pared to...作状语
But anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs of the motor car. 4.跟你比起来 ,我还差得很远呢 . Compared to you ,I still have a long way to go.
5.It was...who/that...强调句型
Before 1908 ,when Ford's cars became available to the public ,it was only the very rich who could afford to own a car. 5.他是通过努力工作才成功的 .
It was through hard work that he succeeded.
(对应学生用书第64页)
精讲9个考纲单词
benefit vi.&n.得益；好处
[教材原句] People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.多年来阿姆斯特丹的人们一直享受着骑脚踏车的好处 .
(1)benefit sb. 使某人受益
benefit from/by 从……中受益
(2)be of(great) benefit (to...)(对)……(大)有裨益
for the benefit of 为了……的利益
get benefit from... 从……中受益
(3)beneficial adj.有益的；受益的
be beneficial to sb. 对某人有益
from ,我们逐渐地可以养成这种好的学习习惯并且从中获益 .
②China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals for ,中|国一直在推进公立医院的改革 .
③It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health.＝It is said that yoga is very beneficial to human health.
据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大益处 .
链接写作
【导学号：33220029】大量的学生都会从这种新教学方法中受益 .
A large number of students will benefit from the new teaching method.
①A large number of students will get benefit from the new teaching method.
②The new teaching method will benefit a large number of students.
convenient adj.方便的 ,便利的
[教材原句] It is a good city for cycling because it is flat and therefore is convenient for bikes.
因为该市道路平坦 ,很适合骑自行车 ,所以骑自行车很方便 .
(1)It is/was convenient for sb. to do sth.
对某人来说做某事方便
sth. be convenient to/for sb.对某人来说做某事是方便的
(2)convenience n. 方便
at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
for convenience 为方便起见
①Would it be convenient for you to pick me up at four o'clock and take me to the airport?
你四点钟接我并把我送到机场 ,方便吗 ?
②Come at any time that is convenient to/for you.
在你方便的时候来吧 .
③Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting?
你能不能在方便时给我来个 ,安排一下见面 ?
[名师点津]convenient作表语时 ,不可用人作主语 ,而要用事物作主语或用it来充当形式主语 ,后接不定式的主动形式 .
argue vi.争辩 ,争吵
vt.坚决主张 ,提出理由证明；说服 ,劝说
[经典例句] I don't want to argue with you -just do it !(牛津词典)我不想和你争辩 - -请干吧 !
over sth.
就某事与某人争论
argue that... 主张 ,认为……
argue for/against... 为赞成/反对……而辩论 argue sb.into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 argue sb.out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
(2)argument n .
争论 ,辩论；论据 ,论点 ,理由
have an argument ⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧about/over sth.争论某事
with sb.与某人争论
beyond argument 无需争论
①Some argued that attention should be paid to our heavy road traffic.(2021·江苏 (高|考 )·书面表达)
一些人认为应该多注意我们拥堵的道路交通 .
②The children are arguing with their parents about/over where to spend their holiday.
孩子们正在与父母争论去哪里度假 .
③We tried many ways to argue him into accepting our advice ,but in vain.我们尝试了很多方法劝说他接受我们的建议 ,但都是徒然 . appreciate vt.欣赏；感谢；意识到
[ (高|考 )佳句] Very quickly ,she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so harshly.(2021·福建 (高|考 )·完形填空)很快 ,她学会了欣赏生活而不是如此刻薄地评判每一件事 .
(1)appreciate ＋n ./pron ./v .­ing 重视/感谢…… I would appreciate it if... 假设…… ,我将不胜感谢 (2)appreciation n .
欣赏；感谢
尽 .
②I would appreciate it if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这件事 ,我将不胜感谢 .
③Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.
如果你能帮我找到丧失的箱子 ,我会真诚地表达我的感谢之情 .
[名师点津]当appreciate ,hate ,dislike ,love ,like ,depend/rely on 等词后接宾语从句时 ,一般先加it ,再接宾语从句 .
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
我讨厌别人满嘴食物说话 .
链接写作
【导学号：33220030】我将非常感谢如果你能尽早让我知道你的决定 .(2021·全国卷Ⅲ)
①(普通表达)I will be thankful if you can let me know your decision as soon as possible.
②(高级|||表达)I would appreciate it if you could let me know your decision as soon as possible.
amount n．数量 ,数目；总额
[ (高|考 )佳句] Although the job takes a significant amount of time ,most students agree that the experience is worth it.(2021·湖南 (高|考 )·单项填空)尽管这份工作要花大量的时间 ,但大多数学生认为这次经历是值得的 .
(1)a large/small amount of 大/少量的
large/small amounts of 大/少量的
in large amounts 大量地
(2)amount vi.合计 ,共计
amount to 合计；共计；等同于
①It's best to buy vegetables in large amounts because they are cheaper now.
因为现在比拟廉价 ,所以最|||好大量购置蔬菜 .
②An amount of milk has been bought (buy) for the children so far.到目前为止已为孩子们买了大量的牛奶 .
③Consumers spending on sports­related items amounted to￡9.75 billion.
消费者在体育相关产品上的花费共计97.5亿英镑 .
[名师点津]an amount (of) ,amounts (of)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时 ,谓语动词的数常根据amount的单复数而定 .
figure n．[C]体形；数字；人物；画像；塑像；人影
vt.&vi.考虑；估计；计算；认为
[ (高|考 )佳句] Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport ,I figured it all out. (2021·全国卷Ⅱ·完形填空)在去机场的路上 ,我坐在车的后排 ,完全明白了 . figure out 计算出；理解 ,明白
figure on/upon 指望；方案
keep one's figure 保持体形/身材
①We can't figure out why so many people were taken in by such a simple trick. 我们不明白为什么有这么多人上了这种小手段的当 .
②If you want to keep your figure ,please follow me and keep taking exercise every day.
如果你想保持身材 ,请跟随我每天坚持锻炼吧 .
admit vt.成认 ,供认；准许……入内；准许……参加；可容纳
[经典例句] Dana admitted feeling hurt by what I had said.(朗文辞典)
达娜成认我说的话伤了她的感情 .
admit doing/having done/that...
成认……
admit sb. to/into... 准许某人进入/参加/入学(入院)
be admitted to/into 被接纳进入；被录取到……
admit sb./sth. to be/as 成认某人/某物……
①After being seen in Hollywood ,Ma Yun admitted that ,马云成认他确实有兴趣为中|国的年轻人制作电影 .
②You should have the courage to admit your mistakes.＝You should have the courage to admit your making (make) mistakes.＝You should have the courage to admit that you made(make) mistakes.
你应当有勇气成认错误 .
③Our football team decided to admit him as one of the members.
我们的足球队决定接纳他为本队队员 .
occupy vt.居住；占用 ,使用；占领；使忙碌 ,使从事
[教材原句] On average ,about forty people travel in one bus ,while the same number occupy ,大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车 ,而同样数量的人要占用33辆小轿车 .
occupy sb./oneself with sth./in doing sth.
使某人忙于某事
sb.be occupied with sth./in doing sth. 某人忙于某事
传 .
②He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied himself with a very important experime ,但是他忙于一个非常重要的实验 .
③Occupied(occupy) in looking after three children at home ,she no longer has time
to enjoy the various activities in the club.忙于在家照顾三个孩子 ,她再也无暇参与俱乐部的各种活动 .
链接写作
【导学号：33220031】他正在忙于编制一项暑期方案 .
①He is engaged in making up a plan for the summer holiday.
②He is busy with a plan for the summer holiday.
③He is busy (in) making up a plan for the summer holiday.
④He is occupied in making up a plan for the summer holiday.
⑤He is occupied with a plan for the summer holiday.
suit n．一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜
[教材原句] Do whichever of these things that suit you.做任何适合你的事 .
(1)suit...to... 使……适合于……
suit yourself 随自己的意愿
suit sb. fine 很适合某人
(2)suitable adj.适宜的 ,适合的
be suitable for sb./sth. 适合于某人/某物
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
①This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and are suitable for the long­stay student.这种宿舍提供独立的生活方式 ,更适合长期住校生 .
②He can suit his conversation to whoever he's with.
无论跟谁说话 ,他都能说到一块儿 .
诠释3个核心短语
work out锻炼身体 ,做运动；解决 ,解答；计算出；产生结果 ,开展；制订出
[一词多义] 写出以下句中work out的含义
①If you spend time working out every day ,you'll have a healthy body.锻炼
②To work out the difficult maths problem ,I have consulted Professor Russell several times.计算出
③The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and the width.解决
④It wasn't too long before we had worked out a plan acceptable to all.制订出
⑤We have to depend on our original plan if this one doesn't work out.起作用
(1)work on 从事…… ,继续……
work at 从事/致力于……
(2)out of work 失业
at work 在工作；在干活
⑥He has been working at a new novel for over a year n ,他一直在写一部新小说 .
⑦The law to be carried out next month will benefit those who are out of work．将于下个月公布的法律会使失业者受益 .
[名师点津]work out作 "解决；制订出〞讲时 ,是及物动词短语 ,可以带宾语；作 "锻炼；产生结果〞时 ,为不及物动词短语 ,没有被动形式 .
rely on依赖 ,依靠
[经典例句] Many working women rely on relatives to help take care of their children.(朗文辞典)
许多职业妇女都靠亲属来帮助她们照看孩子 .
rely on/upon sb./sth. 依靠某人/某物
rely on/upon sb. to do/doing sth. 依靠/指望某人做某事
rely on/upon sb. for sth. 依赖某人做某事
rely on/upon it that... 相信……；指望……
①You can't just rely on your parents to lend/lending(lend) you the money.
你不能只指望父母借钱给你 .
②You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.
你可以放心 ,这项工作将提前完成 .
pull up(车辆)停止 ,停车；拔出；提高 ,改良；责怪
[教材原句] She pulled up suddenly at the traffic lights.
她突然把车停在交通信号灯附近 .
pull down 拉下(遮帘、帘子等)；拆毁 ,拆掉(建筑物) pull off (费力气)脱掉(衣服)
pull out 驶出
pull through 渡过难关 ,摆脱危险
Plans have been put forward to pull down and rebuild the area.
已提出方案 ,要把这个地区拆掉重建 .
②Pull off your wet clothes and let me dry them over the fire.
快点脱下你的湿衣服 ,让我在炉火上为你烘干 .
③Tom is popular with his colleagues ,which helps him pull through the poverty of
his family.
汤姆在同事中很受欢送 ,这一点帮助他渡过了家里的贫困时期 .
突破2个 (高|考 )句型
(教材P42)How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out,tired and angry?有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达办公室或学校 ?
句中stressed out ,tired and angry为形容词短语在句中作状语 .
形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等 ,可位于句首|||、句中或句末 ,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开 .
①One woman was lying in bed ,awake ,listening to the rushing winds.
一位女士躺在床上 ,没有睡着 ,听着那急促的风声 .
②Surprised and happy ,Tony stood up and accepted the prize.又惊又喜 ,托尼站起来接受了奖励 .
[名师点津]形容词作状语时 ,常用以说明句子主语的状态 ,即和主语常可构成系表关系 .如果用以修饰句子的谓语动词或修饰整个句子 ,那么应用副词作状语 .
③He was robbed last night ,but luckily ,但幸运的是那时他身上没有多少钱 .
(教材P46)Before 1908,when Ford's cars became available to the public,it was only the very rich who could afford to own a car.
1908年福特汽车问世以前 ,只有非常有钱的人才能买得起汽车 .
整个句子为强调句 ,对主语the very rich进行强调 .
(1)当被强调的局部指人时 ,句子的连词可用that/who ,否那么就用that .
(2)当被强调的局部为主语时 ,句子的谓语动词与被强调的主语保持一致 .
(3)强调句的一般疑问句为：
Is/Was it＋被强调局部＋that/who...?
(4)强调句的特殊疑问句为：
特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who...?
(5)对含有 "not...until...〞句型中的时间状语进行强调时 ,应用 "It is/was not until...that...〞结构 .
我是在11月一个寒冷的晚上首|||次看到我的作品的 .
②Was it ten years ago that his father died?
他的父亲是10年前去世的吗 ?
③When is it that you will set off?
你到底什么时候出发 ?
链接写作(每空一词)
【导学号：33220032】He didn't meet the girl he would like to marry until he came back from Africa that year.
①Notuntil he came back from Africa that year didhemeet the girl he would like to marry.(倒装句)
②Itwasnotuntilhecameback from Africa that year that he met the girl he would like to marry.(强调句型)
(教材P36)The new "white bike〞 is not actually white but is an unusual design with bright colours.这种新的 "白色自行车〞实际上不是白色的 ,而是一种颜色鲜艳的特殊设
计 .
not...but...不是……而是…… ,表取舍关系 ,连接主语、表语和宾语 .
not...but...连接的并列成分作主语时 ,谓语动词的人称和数遵循 "就近原那么〞 ,即谓
语动词与but后的成分在人称和数上保持一致.用法类似的结构还有either...or... ,neither...nor... ,not only...but (also)...等 .
Not the manager but the workers are(be) hoping to do that.
希望做那件事的不是经理 ,而是工人 .
②Not only the students but(also) their teacher is (be) going to see the movie. 学生及他们的老师都会去看这部电影 .
[多角快练] - -练单词练短语练句型 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(对应学生用书第68页)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She has been addicting herself to drinking (drink) since she broke up with her boyfriend.
2．You may rely on it that he'll pay back all your money.
3．He was injured in the accident and was admitted to the hospital.
4．I appreciate your ringing (ring) back to me so timely.
5．She spends a large amount of money on clothes every year.
6．It was not until the authority approved it that the cinema could show it. 7．People have been receiving (receive) financial aid since they lost their
homes ,jobs and businesses in the storm last month.
8．There have been (be)two world wars in the past hundred years.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．At average ,people who don't smoke are healthier than people who do.
At→On
2．He was careless ,and as consequence he failed the test.
as后加a
3．Is it convenient of you to come out this evening?
of→for
4．It was 8：00 that he telephoned me and told me the news.
that→when
5．By the time he realizes he walked into a trap ,it'll be too late for him to do anything about it.
walked前加has
6．Cycling is highly beneficial for health and the environment.
for→to
(对应学生用书第69页)
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
请根据Lesson 1的课文 ,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 .
In the 1960s ,a group of cycling fans came up 1.with an idea that it would be better for everybody if cars were not allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.It could contribute to 2.saving (save) energy and protecting environment.Then people were free 3.to use (use) the bicycles painted by the group for short journeys.4.However ,all the bicycles were stolen by thieves ,5.which annoyed the cycling fans.6.Over three decades later ,the "white bike〞 has returned ,with each one 7.fixed (fix) with a computer chip ,by which the bike's every move is recorded.In addition ,the bicycles have special parking places.Nowadays ,with locals and tourists using the white bikes ,there is already 8.less ,this city ,where people 9.have been enjoying(enjoy) the benefits of cycling for many years ,is called "City of Bicycles〞 because of the 10.convenience (convenient) for bicycles there. Ⅱ.写作改错双练
请根据提示 ,运用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文 ,并改正学生习作 .
1．现在很多青年沉溺于网络 .(be addicted to)
2．上周我们举行了一次辩论因特网的利弊的会议 .(argue)
3．大局部年轻人成认因特网的大局部内容对我们有很大好处 . (admit ,content ,of great benefit)
4．但它不适宜的内容也占用了我们珍贵的时间 .(occupy)
5．最|||后我们制定了一个方案控制我们的上网时间 .(work out)
第|一步练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文 .
第二步练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作 ,其中有5处错误 ,请你帮他纠正过来 .
At present, many young people are addicted to the Internet. Therefore, at the meeting holding last week we arguing about its advantages and disadvantages. Although most contents of the Internet were of great benefit was admitted, but its unsuitable contents also occupied our priceless time. At last we worked out the plan to control the time we'll spend surfing the Internet.
【答案】
At present, many young people are addicted to the Internet. Therefore, at the
meeting holding
held
last week we
arguing
argued
about its advantages and disadvantages.
Although ∧
that most contents of the Internet were of great benefit was admitted,
but its unsuitable contents also occupied our priceless time. At last we worked out
the
a
plan to control the time we'll spend surfing the Internet.。