高考英语一轮复习再顾 题型5 语法填空题的备考策略与对点训练高三全册英语试题

手惰市安逸阳光实验学校题型5 语法填空题的备考策略与对点训练
Ⅰ.策略指导
语法填空题就设题类型主要分为有提示词类和无提示词类两种，这两种情况的解题方法不尽相同，这里分别就这两种情况做以下介绍。

(Ⅰ)有提示词类
技法1 提供动词类解题方法
当设空处提供动词原形，设空处一般考查动词的时态、语态、单复数、非谓语动词或词性转换。

其解题步骤为：
技法2 词性转换类解题方法
词性转换多以派生词变化为主，如：形容词与副词间的相互转换；形容词与名词间的相互转换；形容词与动词间的相互转换；动词与名词间的相互转换等。

其解题步骤为：
(Ⅱ)无提示词类
纯空格语法填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连词(含从属连词和并列连词)和情态动词等。

首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。

然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。

技法3 填代词解题方法
在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺少主语或宾语，一般是填代词。

技法4 填限定词解题方法
名词前面若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等)，很可能是填限定词。

技法5 填介词解题方法
名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。

介词可位于名词之前，如at night, on Sunday等；也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in, be good at等；还可位于不及物动词之后，如listen to, arrive at, look for等。

技法6 填连词解题方法
连词有两类：一类是并列连词，另一类是从属连词。

我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。

主要有以下几种结构或句型：
(1)并列结构与并列句：并列结构包括由并列连词连接的词或词组；并列句一般由“简单句＋并列连词＋简单句”构成，有时并列连词前有逗号。

可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词，如并列关系(and)、转折关系(but)、选择关系(or)、因果关系(so)等。

(2)状语从句：当确定为状语从句后，就要通过理解语境，判断上下文之间的逻辑关系确定是哪种从句，是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他，最后确定从属连词。

(3)名词性从句：当确定为名词性从句后，可以分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语，如果缺以上成分，一般情况下要使用what，有时可能使用who/whom 或which；如果不缺以上成分，则考虑句子意思是否完整，意思完整的句子可以使用that，意思不完整的则考虑whether, when, where, why, how, because 等。

(4)定语从句：当确定为定语从句后，首先要看看先行词是指人、物、时间、
地点，还是其他，然后判断关系词在从句中的成分，再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个关系词。

技法7 填情态动词或助动词解题方法
若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did 等)。

技法8 有固定搭配、典型句型的解题方法
固定搭配的短语及习惯用法是属于比较简单的考点，只要平时注意积累基本上就能答对。

Ⅱ.模拟训练
A
There are two days in every week, about which we should not worry, two days which should be kept free from fear and worry.
One of 1.________ two days is Yesterday with all its mistakes and cares, its faults and pains. Yesterday has passed forever beyond
2.________ control. All the money in the world cannot bring it back. We cannot undo a single act we performed; we cannot erase a single word we
3.________ (say). Yesterday is gone forever.
The 4.________ day we should not worry about is Tomorrow, 5.________ all its possible problems, its burdens, its large promise and its poor 6.________ (perform); Tomorrow is also beyond our immediate control.
Tomorrow's sun will rise, either in brilliance 7.________ behind a mask of clouds, but it will rise. This leaves only one day, Today. Any person can fight the battle of just one day. It is not the experience of Today that 8.________ (drive) a person mad; it is the regret or the bitterness of something 9.________ happened Yesterday and the
10.________ (certain) of what Tomorrow may bring that do.
Let us, therefore, live but one day at a time.
语篇解读：作者告诉我们，要活在当下，不要为“昨天”发生的事情而后悔，也不要为“明天”还没有发生的事情而担忧。

1．解析：the 考查冠词。

这里用定冠词表特指。

2．解析：our 考查代词。

由上下文多次提到的“we”可知，这里人称要和上下文保持一致，故填our，指“超出我们的控制，不在我们的控制之下”。

第三段最后一句中的“also beyond our immediate control”亦是提示。

3．解析：said 考查动词时态。

这里应用say的过去式，和前面的“performed”保持一致，指我们不能抹去我们说过的话。

4．解析：other 考查形容词。

文中讲了两个日子，前面讲了Yesterday，所以此处讲的应该是另一个日子，the other指“两个中的另一个”。

5．解析：with 考查介词。

此处with意为“有/带着……”。

6．解析：performance 考查词性转换。

由前文的“its burdens, its large promise”可知，此处应用perform的名词形式performance。

7．解析：or 考查连词。

either ... or ...意为“或者……，或者……”。

8．解析：drives 考查动词时态。

根据语境及前后句的时态可知，这里应用一般现在时。

且本句为强调句，故谓语动词应与the experience of Today
保持一致。

9．解析：that 考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词something，并在从句中作主语，故用that。

10．解析：uncertainty 考查词性转换。

根据语境可知，此处表示对明天的不确定，且位于定冠词the之后，故应填名词形式uncertainty。

B
(2016·南宁二测)Just as I began a new job in New York, I had to learn another important job: father. I was a businessman. At the office I had three new 1.________ (project), and at home I had a young son who was growing fast and 2.________ (need) me. I was puzzled and didn't know how to deal with the relationship between job and family until one day, during my business trip in Chicago, I came 3.________ an old family friend Dan, 4.________ was once a patient of my father. He told me something about my father. 5.________ was my father that helped him go through the cancer. When Dan knew he got cancer, he was very upset and wanted 6.________ (give) up, but my father, his doctor, encouraged him to go on 7.________ (fight) against the cancer. My father said to him, “You have 8.________ wonderful life and three fine children. Take some time with them. It's family that we live for — not just ourselves. Think of that 9.________ you will know life is worth the fight.” His words touched me, and I 10.________ (sudden) realized that family is the most important in the world. I should spend more time staying with them.
语篇解读：作者通过父亲的话知道了家庭的重要。

1．解析：projects 考查名词的数。

本句话中有“three”，因此应用project的复数形式。

2．解析：needed 考查动词的时态。

此处陈述的是发生在过去的事，应用一般过去时。

3．解析：across 考查固定搭配。

come across表示“偶然遇见”。

4．解析：who 考查定语从句。

空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“an old family friend Dan”，指人，且在定语从句中作主语，因此只能用who。

5．解析：It 考查强调句型。

本句为强调句it is/was ... that ...。

6．解析：to give 考查动词的固定用法。

动词want后接动词不定式，表示“想做某事”。

7．解析：fighting 考查动词词组。

go on doing表示“继续做同一件事”；go on to do表示“继续做不同的事”。

8．解析：a 考查冠词。

have a wonderful life表示“有一个精彩的生活”。

9．解析：and 考查固定句型。

此处是“祈使句＋and/or＋简单句”的结构，根据上下文可知，此处应用and。

10．解析：suddenly 考查副词。

本句中用副词suddenly修饰动词realized。

C
We're human, and it's not always easy to get along with everyone all the time. Sometimes we hurt people's feelings without intending to.
Sometimes, we're 1.________ (deliberate) mean and we feel bad afterward.So we apologize. Apologies are one of the tools we use to build good friendships and relationships. 2.________ you say “I'm sorry” (and really mean it), it's because you probably feel bad that something you did or said hurt 3.________ person. Saying you're sorry is more than just words. You're also saying that you respect the other person 4.________ you care about his or her feelings. Apologizing shows you have empathy.
After apologizing, you might feel a little 5.________ (good). The other person probably will, too. When you apologize in a caring way, you can feel good because you are trying to make things right again.
Sometimes a heartfelt “I'm sorry” 6.________ (fix) everything right away. Other times, it might take 7.________ while for someone to get past feeling upset. You may need to give the other person some time. Even after you say you're sorry, you might still feel bad about what you said or did —but you can feel good about apologizing, fixing the mistake, or making up your mind to do better. When someone apologizes to you, you may welcome it and be ready to forgive 8.________ happened and move on. Or you might not feel like being friendly again right away. If a person keeps hurting you and 9.________ (apologize) without making an effort to change, you might not want to hang out 10.________ that person any more.语篇解读：本文讲述了当我们伤害他人后通过道歉来重建友好的人际关系，
道歉不仅表明你尊重他人也表明你富有同情心，同时道歉后你需要给他人一点
时间来平复心情。

1．解析：deliberately 修饰后面的形容词mean需用副词，要将deliberate 变为副词，故填deliberately。

2．解析：When 句意表示“当你道歉的时候”，故用when。

3．解析：another 你道歉是因为你所做的或说的伤害了另一个人，故填another。

4．解析：and 根据句子“You're also saying that you respect the other person 4.________ you care about his or her feelings.”前后两句为完
整句子且表示并列关系，故用并列连词and。

5．解析：better 根据句子“After apologizing, you might feel a little 5.________ (good)．”可知道歉后你也许会感到好了一点，用比较级表示“更……”，故填better。

6．解析：fixes 句子“Sometimes a heartfelt ‘I'm sorry’
6.________ (fix) everything right away.”的主语为a heartfelt ‘I'm sorry’，既然用a修饰可知是单数，谓语动词也要用单数，故填fixes。

7．解析：a take a while意为“花点时间”。

根据句子“it might take 7.________ while for someone to get past feeling upset”可知也许会花
点时间让某人消气，故填a。

8．解析：whatever 你也许会准备好原谅发生的任何事并继续生活，故填whatever。

9．解析：apologizing “keep＋doing”表示“一直……”，句子为并列结构，因此前后都是“keep＋doing”的短语形式，故填apologizing。

10．解析：with 你也许不想再和那样的人交往，用with表示“和……”。