材料损伤英语
焊接专业英语词汇(通用部分)
焊接专业英语词汇（通用部分）acetylene 乙炔ampere 电流安培angle welding 角焊arc 电弧argon arc welding 氩弧焊接bare electrode 光熔接条butt welding 对接焊接camber 电弧弯曲cascade 阶叠熔接法clad weld 被覆熔接crator 焊疤excess metal 多余金属filler rod 焊条fillet weld 填角焊接gas shield 气体遮蔽groove welding 起槽熔接hand face shield 手握面罩hard facing 硬表面堆焊jig welding 工模焊接laser beam welding 雷射光焊接metal electrode insert gas welding MIG熔接nugget 点焊熔核overlaying 堆焊peening of welding 珠击熔接法plug welding 塞孔熔接positioned welding 正向熔接pressure welding 压焊propane gas cutting 丙烷气切割pure nickel electrode 纯镍熔接条reinforcement of weld 加强焊接resist 抗蚀护膜root running 背面熔接seam 焊缝seaming 接合seam welding 流缝熔接series seam welding 串联缝熔接skip welding process 跳焊法spark 火花spot welding 点焊接stitch welding 针角焊接stud arc welding 电弧焊接under laying 下部焊层void 焊接空隙weld flow mark 焊接流痕weld flush 焊缝凸起weld line 焊接纹weld mark 焊接痕weld penetration 熔接透入weld zone 焊接区welding 焊接welding bead 焊接泡welding direction 焊接方向welding distortion 焊接变形welding flux 焊剂welding ground 电熔接地welding interval 焊接周期welding stress 熔接应变welding torch 熔接气炬welding electrode production line 电焊条生产线welding electrode 焊条welding fixture 焊接夹具welding generator 电焊机welding goggles 焊工护目镜welding gun 焊枪welding helmet 电焊帽welding inspection ruler 焊接检验尺welding machine 焊接机welding mill 焊管机welding motor generator 电动焊接发电机welding nozzle 焊嘴welding paste 焊接药膏welding pipe 焊接管welding powder 焊粉welding rectifier 焊接整流器welding robot 焊接机器人welding rod extrusion press 焊条挤压机welding rod with acidic coating 酸性焊条welding rod with alkaline coating 碱性焊条welding rod 焊条welding simulator 焊接模拟器welding stainless electrode 不锈电焊条welding steel tube 焊接钢管welding tin billet 焊锡棒料welding tongs 焊接夹钳welding torch 焊炬welding transformer 电焊变压器welding unit 焊机welding wire machine 焊线机welding wire 焊丝welding-cutting hose 熔焊及切割胶管welding-cutting tool 焊割具welding-rod core 焊条芯welding-seam cleaner 焊缝清理机weldless pipe 无缝管weldless steel tube 无缝钢管well borer 凿井机well counter 井式计数器well deck vessel 井形甲板船well drill 钻井机well platform 钻井平台well rig 钻井机well testing truck 试井车well thermometer 井温计well tube filter 井管滤管well type tempering electric furnace 井式回火电炉well winch 矿井绞车well-logging probe 测井探头well-type counter 井型计数器Wella Balsam Conditioner 威娜宝护发素Wella Balsam shampoo 威娜宝香波Wellene 韦纶聚酯短纤维wellhead acid preventer 井口防酸器wellington 惠灵顿防雨呢Wellingtons 长筒皮靴Welltite 韦纶泰特聚丙烯和聚乙烯单丝Welsbach's alloy 韦尔斯巴赫发火合金Welsh flannel 威尔士法兰绒Welsh wool 威尔士粗羊毛welsh-onion stalk 葱白welsh-onion 葱welt cementing machine 贴边粘合机welt coloring machine 贴边染色机welt cutting machine 切沿条机welt fitting machine 贴边机welt footwear 加贴边的鞋welter screen 翻滚筛welter 镶边机Wepsin 三唑磷胺Werlisa 威里沙牌照相机Werner 维尔纳牌手表weskit 紧身背心Wessel silver 韦塞尔铜镍锌合金West cigarette 威狮牌香烟West ginseng 西洋参West Lake Dragon Well tea 西湖龙井茶West Lake silk umbrella 西湖绸伞West Lake silk 西湖丝绸West Lake water shield 西湖莼菜Westeeco 韦斯蒂科镍铬铁耐热合金Western king prawn 宽沟对虾Western saddle pants 西式马裤Western sand cherry 沙樱桃Western shirt 西式衬衫western style bed sheet 西式床单Western style hat 西式呢帽Western style pajamas 西式睡衣裤Western style pants 西裤Western style shirt 西式衬衫Western style shirt-waist blouse 西式衬衫上衣Western style suit 西服western tie 西式领带Western wool 美国西部羊毛Western-made shirt in plaid gingham 长方格贞咸布西式衬衫Westinghouse alloy 西屋镍铜热磁补偿合金wet spinning frame 湿纺细纱机wet air compressor 湿空气压缩机wet air pump 湿空气泵wet and dry bulb hygrometer 干湿球湿度计wet and dry bulb recording hygrometer 干湿球自记湿度计wet and dry bulb thermometer 干湿球温度计wet ball mill 湿式球磨机wet blue goat leather 山羊蓝湿革wet blue goat skin 蓝湿山羊皮wet board machine 湿式纸板机wet brush 湿刷wet chrome goat skin 铬湿山羊皮wet cleaner 湿法清洗器wet cloth 湿光布wet clutch 湿式离合器wet collector 湿式除尘器wet condenser 湿式冷凝器wet crude 含水原油wet crushing mill 湿粉碎机wet cylinder liner 湿式气缸套wet drill 湿式风钻wet dust collector 湿式收尘器wet dust separator 湿式除尘器wet electro-magnet 湿式电磁铁wet electrolytic capacitor 电解液电容器wet feeder 湿式给料机wet fiber filter 湿式纤维过滤器wet filter 湿式过滤器wet fourdrinier board machine 长网湿抄机wet frame 湿纺机wet furfural condenser 含水糖醛冷凝器wet gas meter 湿式气量计wet gas scrubber 湿法气体洗涤质量合格证书certification of fitness原材料rawmaterial底板bottom plate垫层cushion侧壁sidewall中心线center line条形基础strip footing附件accessories型钢profile steel钢板steel plate熔渣slag飞溅welding spatter定位焊tacking引弧generating of arc熄弧quenching of arc焊道welding bead坡口beveled edges外观检查visual inspection重皮doubleskin水平方向弧度radian in horizontal direction成型molding直线度straightness accuracy焊缝角变形welding line angular distortion水平度levelness铅垂度verticality翘曲变形buckling deformation角尺angle square对接焊缝butt weld母材parent metal法兰密封面flange sealing surface夹层interlayer表面锈蚀浓度surface corrosion concentration挠曲变bending deformation超声波探伤ultrasonic testing/ ultrasonic examination 压力容器pressure vessel预制下料prefabrication baiting排版直径set-type diameter焊缝welding line中幅板? center plate测量方法measuring method基准点datum mark跳焊skip welding允许偏差allowable variation补强板stiffening plate开孔tapping对接接头banjo fixing butt jointing角钢angle iron安装基准圆installation fundamental circle吊装立柱hoisting upright column焊接钢管welded steel pipe向心斜拉筋centripetal canting pull rope带板band plate槽钢胀圈channel steel expansion ring环口collar extension局部变形local distortion环缝circumferential weld顶板top plate拱顶vault顶板加强肋stiffening rib对接butt joint胎具clamping fixture卷板机plate bending rolls中心支架center bearing bracket椭圆度ovality等分线bisectrix搭接宽度lap width点焊spot welding搭接焊overlap welding对称：symmetrically螺旋爬梯cockle stairs放料阀baiting valve液位计content gauge充水试验filling water test错边量unfitness of butt joint底圈foundation ring真空度检漏vacuum degree leak test丁字焊缝tee welding渗透探伤oil whiting test充水试验filling water test内侧角焊缝接头interior angle welding line joint foundation settlement 基础沉降测量基准点datum mark稳定性试验stability test排气阀outlet valve角钢angle steel构件component part机械损伤mechanical damage缩孔shrinkage cavityenfoldment 折迭碳钢管carbon steel tube公称直径nominal diameter预埋件embedded part轴测图axonometric drawing布置图arrangement diagram氧乙炔气割oxyacetylene gas cutting低合金钢管low alloy steel热影响区heat affected area修磨polish砂轮片grinding wheel等离子plasma panel重皮coldlap凹凸unevenness缩口necking down端面head face倾斜偏差dip deviation外径external diameter砂轮grinding wheel管件pipe casting单线图single line drawing平齐parallel and level两端two terminals满扣buckle螺栓紧固bolton周边periphery附加应力additional stress同轴度axiality平行度parallelism随机stochastic允许偏差allowable variation重直度verticality水平度levelness隔离盲板blind plate氩弧焊argon arc welding压盖螺栓gland bolt间距spacing有效期period of validity担任take charge of ;undertake焊条welding rod碳钢焊条carbon steel焊丝welding wire熔化焊melting钢丝steel wire气体保护焊gas shielded arc welding烘干drying清洗ablution制度system焊接工艺welding procedure相应corresponding手工电弧焊manual electric arc welding 手工钨极manual tungsten electrode打底render电源power source交流alternating current焊件weldment管壁厚度pipe thickness对接焊缝butt weld工件壁厚workpiece飞溅物splash沾污smirch油污oil stain细锉smooth file铣刀milling cutter氧化膜oxide film脱脂处理ungrease treatment]棉质纤维cotton fibre丙酮acetone硫sulfur焊剂welding flux钢板steel plate纵向焊缝longitudinal weld longitudinal seam 筒节shell ring封头end socket卷管reelpipe强度试验strength test起弧arc starting穿堂风draught熔合fusion反面reverse side整体integral封堵block up焊口weld bond医用胶布medical proof fabric高频high frequency焊炬welding torch送气air supply。
工程力学专业英语_词汇
1.En ergy Release Rate: 2.Brittle Material: 3.Strain En ergy: 4.Ductile Matetrial 5.Stren gth Criteri on: 6 . Crack tip 7 . Homoge neous 8 . Prin ciple of Virtual Work: 9 . Time-Depe ndent Deformati on: 10 . Fatigue in Metals:11. damage and Fracture 12 . stress concen trati on13. crack propagati on裂纹传播 14 . stress intensity factor 应力强度因子15 . brittle fracture 脆性断裂 16 . ductile fracture 韧性断裂17 . Fatigue life 疲劳寿命18. creep deformation 蠕变变形 19 . plastic deformati on 塑性变形20 . con stitutive relati on ship 本构关系31. Ion gitudi nal 纵向32. tran sverse横向 33. horiz on tal 水平的34 . resista nee抵抗力 35. ultimate 终极的36. isotropic各向同性 37. deviatoric偏量的 38. assumpti on 假设39. bi nd结合 40. blu nt 钝的 41 FRACTURE TOUGHNES 断裂韧性42 POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL 多 晶体材料 43 Single Crystalline materials 单晶体材料43 AMORPHOUS MATERIALS 非晶态材料44 CRYSTAL STRUCTUR E 体结构45 Lin ear Elastic Fracture Mecha nics 线弹性断裂力学 46 theory of elasticity 弹性理论47 homogeneous state of stress 均匀应力状态 48 stress invariant 应力不变量49 strain invariant 应变不变量50 strain ellipsoid 应变椭球51 homogeneous state of strain 均匀应变状态 能量释放率 脆性材料 应变能 韧性材料 强度判据/强度准则裂纹顶端各向同性虚功原理时间相关变形金属的疲劳损伤与断裂 .应力集中52 equati on of stra in compatibility 应变协调方程accumulated damage 累积损伤brittle damage 脆性损伤ductile damage 延性损伤macroscopic damage 宏观损伤microscopicdamage 纟田观损伤microscopic damage 微观损伤damage criterion 损伤准贝U damage evolutionequation 损伤演化方程damage softening 损伤软化damage strengthening 损伤强化damage tensor损伤张量damage thresh old 损伤阈值damagevariable 损伤变量damage vector损伤矢量damage zone 损伤区Fatigue 疲劳low cycle fatigue 低周疲劳stressfatigue 应力疲劳random fatigue 随机疲劳creepfatigue 蠕变疲劳corrosion fatigue 腐蚀疲劳fatigue damage 疲劳损伤fatigue failure 疲劳失效fatigue fracture 疲劳断裂fatigue crack疲劳裂纹fatigue life疲劳寿命fatigue rupture 疲劳破坏fatigue strength 疲劳强度fatigue striations 疲劳辉纹fatigue threshold 疲劳阈值alternating load 交变载荷alternating stress 交变应力stress amplitude应力幅值strain fatigue 应变疲劳stress cycle应力循环stress ratio 应力比safe life安全寿命overloading effect 过载效应cyclic hardening 循环硬化cyclic softening 循环软化environmentaleffect 环境效应crack gage裂纹片crack growth,crack Propagation 裂纹扩展crack initiation 裂纹萌生。
同等学力英语高频词汇
同等学力英语高频词汇Safety is the first principle of investment. December 21, 2020频率出现50次的word state vt.陈述,阐明n.1.状态2.国家3.州频率出现42次的word take vt. 1.拿,取 2.携带,带走3.花费,需要 4.接受 5.认为,当作 6.抓住频率出现39次的word Change vt./vi. 1.改变,更改2.交换,兑换n.1.变化2.交换 3.零钱,找头频率出现33次的word Say vt./vi.1.说,讲2.说明,表明3.比如说,假定说,发表意见n.1.发言权,决定权2.意见频率出现30次的word penalty n.处罚,罚款频率出现29次的word technology n.工业技术,应用科学频率出现26次的word result n. 1.结果,效果,成果 2.计算结果,答案statement n. 1.陈述,声明 2.财务报表,申报单频率出现22次的word global a.地球的,全球的,环球的；全局的paragraph n.1.段,节 2.报刊的短讯频率出现21次的word live v.1.住,居住 2.生存,过生活a.1.有生命的,活的 2.现场直播的ad. 实况地means n. 1.手段,方法2.财产,收入频率出现20次的word cent n.1.分币 2.作单位的百consume vt./vi. 1.消费,花费2.消灭,毁灭3.枯萎radiation n. 辐射线/能频率出现19次的word company n.1.交往,同伴,陪伴 2.公司,商号3.一伙,一队lack v./n.缺乏,缺少,短缺medical a.医学的,医疗的murder n.1.谋杀 2.谋杀罪v.1.谋杀,屠杀2.破坏programme n. 1.电脑程序2.节目单,说明书3.节目4.计划,程序表v. 1.编制程序 2.安排节目频率出现18次的word increase vt./vi.增加,增大,增长n.增加,增长space n 1.空间,面积 2.太空 3.场所,区域vt.把…隔开step n..步,脚步2.梯级,台阶3.步骤,措施vi.走,行走；踩频率出现17次的word aid vt.帮助,援助,救援n.1.帮助,援助 2.助手,辅助设备3.救护mark n. 1.痕迹,斑点 2.记号,标记3.考试分数v.1.给试卷打分2.标志,表示3.弄污possible a. 1.可能的,有可能做得到的2.可接受的rate n.1.比率 2.等级,程度3.价格,费用vt. 1.评级,评价2.列为used a. 1.用过的,旧的2.习惯于…的v.过去惯于频率出现16次的word choice n.1.选择,抉择2.选择权,选择机会3.供选择的东西deal vt. 1.处理,对付2.分给,给予n.买卖,交易social a. 1.社会的 2.社交的,交际的频率出现15次的word center/tre n.中心,中央,核心vt./vi. 1.集中,集中于 2.居中graph n.图表,曲线图point n.1.尖,尖端2.点,小数点 3.条款,细目4.分数,得分5.要点,论点6.意义vi. 1.指向2.表明频率出现14次的word interview n. 1.接见,会见2.面谈,面试 3.访问vt.接见,会见；访问；记者采访less a./ad. 1.更小的地,更少的地2.较次劣的地,较不重要的地mental a. 1.心智的,精神的2.神经不正常的Physical a. 1.物质的2.身体的3.物理的reason n.1.理由,原因2.理性,判断力3.理智,清醒的头脑4.道理,常识vt. 1.论证,推断2.与…评理,劝说vi. 1.推理,思考2.评理,劝说soup n. 汤,羹频率出现13次的word climate n.气候modern a.1.现代的,近代的 2.新式的,时新的provide vt. 1.提供,供给2.规定purpose n. 1.目的,意图2.意志,决心tech n.技术专科学校traditional a.传统的频率出现12次的word ability n. 1.能力,本领 2.用复数才能,才识drought n.干旱,旱灾kill vt./vi. 1.杀,杀死2.破坏,摧毁 3.消磨时间knowledge n. 1.知识,学识,学问2.知道,了解last a. 1.最后的 2.最近的,紧接前面的ad.最后地,上一次,最近一次vi.持续,维持matter n. 1.事情,问题 2.毛病,麻烦,困难3.物质,物品million num.百万,百万个n.pl.无数pollution n.污染public a.1.公共的 2.公众的 3.公开的n.民众,公众revenge vt./n.报复,复仇rise vi. 1.上升,上涨2.升起3.站起,起床4.增强5.起义n.1.增加,升高 2.加薪3.高地,高坡society n. 1.社会2.协会,团体spend vt. 1.花费钱、时间、心血等2.消磨,度过vi. 1.花费,浪费 2.耗尽stock n.1.储备,贮存 2.存货,现货3.股票4.家畜,牲畜vt.储备,备货title n.1.标题 2.头衔,称号volunteer n.自志愿者频率出现11次的word culture n. 1.教养,修养 2.文化,文明emission n. 1.发射,散发 2.发出物,发射物function n. 1.功能,作用 2.职务,职责3.〈数学〉函数vi. 1.器官等活动,机器等运行2.行使职责importance n. 重要,重要性individual a. 1.单独的,个人的 2.独特的,个性的n.个人,个体；独立单位late a. 1.迟的,晚的 2.晚期的,末期的3.最近的,已故的ad.迟,晚level n. 1.水平面,水平线 2.等线,水平a.平的,水平的limit vt.限制,限定n.界限,限定,限度material n. 1.物质,材料,原料2.素材,资料,题材a.物质的minute n. 1.分,分钟 2.一会儿,片刻3.pl.会议记录necessary a. 1.必要的,必需的2.必然的n.pl.必需品nuclear a. 1.原子核的2.核心的,中心的patient n.病人a.有耐心的,能忍耐的research vi./n研究,探讨travel vi. 1.旅行 2.行进,走 3.运行,传播n.旅行type n. 1.类型,式样2.印刷字体3.活字,铅字v.打字频率出现10次的word applicant n.申请者cell n. 1.细胞 2.电池 3.单人牢房4.小房间common a. 1.普通的,寻常的 2.共有的,公共的crime n.罪,犯罪factor n.1.因素,要素 2.〈数学〉因数,因子harmful a.有害的international a.国际的,世界性的least a.最小的,最少的ad.最少,最小,最不n.最小,最少line n.1.线,文章的行2.电线,线路3.路线,航线vt.使排成行main a.主要的,最重要的n.输送水或煤气的总管道,干线manner n 1.方式,方法2.态度,举止3.pl.礼貌,规矩personal a. 1.个人的,私人的2.本人的3.身体的,容貌的pressure n. 1.压力,压强 2.强制,压迫prevent v.预防,防止researcher n.研究者,调查员scientific a.科学的serious a. 1.严重的 2.认真的,严肃的sheet n.1.张,片,页2.被单频率出现9次的word complete vt.完成,结束a.1.完整的,全部的2.已完成的,结束的3.彻底的confidence n. 1.信任2.信心,自信,把握current a. 1.通用的2.现时的,当前的n.1.水流,气流2.电流3.趋势,倾向drop n. 1.点滴,滴2.下降3.微量vt./vi. 1.滴下2.投下,落下,跌落effort n.努力,尝试environment n.环境,周围状况estimate vt.估计,评价,判断n.估计,估价；用复数预算expect vt. 1.期待,预期,盼望2.认为；料想general a. 1.全体的,普遍的2.综合的,普通的3.通用的n.将军government n. 1.管理,支配 2.政府,内阁investment n.投资,投资额lead n.铅v.1.领导,引导2.为…带路；指引3.导致；通向n. 领导,领先limited a.小的,有限的remain vi. 1.停留,留下 2.保持,依然save v. 1.拯救 2.储蓄3.节省sell vt. 1.卖,出售 2.出卖,背叛vi.卖,销售set vt. 1.放置2.使处于某种状态位置3.调校4.树立,规定vi. 1.日、月等落下 2.凝结,固定3.着手,从事n. 一套a.固定的,规定的traffic n.交通量video n.录像机a.录像的,视频的频率出现8次的word capable a.指人有能力的,有本领,能干的certain a. 1.只作表语肯定的,无疑的 2.必然的3.只作定语某一,某些continue vi.连续,继续decade n.十年effect n.结果,效果,作用vt. 产生,招致,完成fuel n. 燃料,养料vt./vi. 供给燃料,加燃料；刺激；推动imply vt. 意指,含…的意思involve vt. 1.使卷入,使参与 2.包含,包括3.牵涉likely a.很可能的,有希望的ad. 可能地living a. 活着的,现存的n. 生计,生活measure n. 1.量度,尺寸 2.措施,方法vt. 量,测量vi. 有…长宽,高product n. 1.产品,制品 2.结果,成果 3.乘积relate vt. 1.使有联系 2.叙述,讲vi. 与…有关系tend vt 照料,护理vi. 易于,有某种倾向term n.1.学期2.期限,期间3.术语,措词4.pl.条款,条件vt. 称为,叫做频率出现7次的word available a.可利用的；有效的；可得到的average n. 1.平均数 2.一般水平,平均标准a.1.平均的 2.一般的,通常的avoid vt.避免,回避,逃避behaviour n. 1.行为,表现 2.机器等的运转情况care n. 1.牵挂,担心 2.照应,照料 3.烦恼,烦人的事vi. 1.担心,关心,介意2.喜欢,愿意comprehension n. 1.理解,理解力 2.领悟cross v. 1.穿越 2.相交3.划横线,勾掉n.1.十字架,十字形的东西2.交叉路3.苦难electronic a.电子学的fall vi. 1.落下,降落,跌落2.陷落,失守3.降低,减退n.1.秋季2.落下,降落3.陷落4.下降；减弱keep vt./vi. 1.保存,保留2.使…保持着某一状态,使得3.保守,遵守4.保卫,防卫5.赡养,饲养6.看管,经营7.履行,遵循majority n.多数,大多数motorist n.驾车的人,乘车旅行的人murderer n.杀人犯,凶手natural a. 1.自然界的,天然的2.正常的,惯常的3.天赋,天生的occur vi. 1.发生2.出现,存在popular a. 1.大众喜爱的,喜闻乐见的 2.大众化的,普及的price n. 1.价格 2.代价vt.标价,定价project n. 1.方案,计划 2.工程,项目vt. 1.投掷,发射2.放映3.设计,规划 4.突出,使凸出pure a. 1.纯粹的 2.纯净纯洁的3.无邪,贞洁的4.完全,彻底的record n. 1.记录,报告 2.经历,履历3.记录,最好成绩a.创纪录的vt. 1.记录,记载 2.录音,录影,录下refer vi. 1.提到,引用 2.查阅,参考1.vt.叫人去…以便得到消息、援助等2.把…归因于3.把…委托交给…regard vt. 1.把…看作,把…认为2.注意,注视3.对待,看待4.尊重,尊敬n. 1.注意,注视 2.尊敬,尊重3.pl.问候,致意retail n. 零售v.零售ad.以零售价格seal n. 1.封条 2.印章vt. 1.密封 2.盖章section n. 1.节,段,部分 2.科室 3.截面,剖视图single a. 1.单个的,单一的 2.独身的 3.每个的,个别的vt.挑选species n.物种,种类suggest vt. 1.建议,提议2.表明,暗示trend n.趋势,倾向vi.趋向,倾向typical a. 1.典型的,有代表性的 2.特有的,独特的victim n.受害者,牺牲者,遇难者频率出现6次的word acquisition n获得物adapt vt1.使适应,使适合 2.改编,改写allow vt1.允许,准许 2.承认 3.给予vi~for考虑到,顾及apply vi./vt. 1.请求,申请2.适用,应用,运用3.把…应用于approach vi./vt. 1.走近,接近,临近 2.处理,对待n. 1.走近,接近 2.处理的方法3.看法,观点astronaut n. 宇航员attack vt./n. 1.攻击,袭击 2.疾病发作attitude n. 与介词to,towards 连用态度,看法balance n. 1.平衡,均衡2.收支平衡,收付余款3.秤,天平vt./vi. 1.用天平秤 2.使平衡 3.收支相抵clear a. 1.光亮的,清澈的 2.清晰的,条理清楚的3.晴天的vt. 打扫；使清楚,晴朗起来；清除,收走complex a. 复杂的；综合的concept n. 概念,观念；思想control n./vt. 1.管理,控制,支配2.感情等的抑制,节制corporation n. 大公司damage n. 1.损害,毁坏 2.用复数损害赔偿金vt. 损害,损伤；毁坏data n. 资料,数据decline vt./vi. 1.拒绝,婉谢2.下降；太阳落山；衰弱n. 1.衰弱 2.斜坡emergency n. 突发事件,紧急关头,非常时刻endanger vt. 危害,危及extinct a. 1.熄灭的2.灭绝的,绝种的jam vt./vi.1.压紧；被夹住2.突然用力推n. 1.果酱2.阻塞,轧住leave vt. 1.离开 2.留下,剩下,使处于某种状态3.遗留,遗忘4.听任,让5.交托,委托vi. 离开,出发n. 1.许可,准许 2.准假；假期lie vi. 1.躺,平放 2.位于,在于3.撒谎,说谎n 谎话,假话loss n. 1.遗失,丧失2.亏损,减少,损失3.失败,输掉nature n. 1.自然界,大自然 2.性质,本性object n. 1.物,物体 2.目的,目标 3.对象v. 不赞成,反对perception n. 1.知觉,知觉力 2.理解,认识progress n 1.前进,进展 2.进步,发展vi. 1.前进,进展 2.进步,发展prove v. 1.证明,证实 2.证明是,表明是reflect vt. 1.反射2.反映,表达vi. 1.反射,映出 2.仔细考虑,思考replace vt. 1.把…放回原处 2.取代 3.替换,更换response n. 1.回答,回应 2.反应,反响restrict vt. 限制,约束riot n. 骚乱,暴动vi. 闹事,骚乱safety n. 安全service n. 1.服务2.公共事业3.服役vt. 维护,保养shift v. 1.变换,转换 2.变速,调档n. 1.转变,更换 2.轮班,换班significance n. 1.意义2.重要性smoke n. 1.烟,烟雾 2.吸烟vt. 1.吸烟 2.烟熏vi. 1.吸烟2.冒烟solve vt. 解决,解答surrounding n. pl.环境,周围的事物a. 周围的theory n. 1.理论,原理 2.意见thought n. 1.想法,看法2.思想,思维3.打算,意图total a. 总的,全部的n. 总数,总计vt. 计算…的总和vi. 总计,合计tradition n. 1.传统2.惯例,规矩university n. 综合性大学value n 1.重要性,用途,用处2.价值3.评价vt. 1.给…估价 2.看重,珍视view n. 1.风景,景色 2.看法,见解3.视野,眼界vt. 1.把…看成是,认为2.观察,检查频率出现5次的word adequate a.足够的,充分的appear vi. 1.出现,露出 2.似乎,好像atmosphere n. 1.大气层2.气氛,环境aware a.用作表语,与介词of连用意识到的,觉察到的belong vi. 1.属于 2.应归入类别、派别、范畴等bother vi./t. 1.打扰,麻烦2.费心,烦心n.1.麻烦,困扰 2.麻烦的人或事物creature n.人,动物,生物cue n.暗示,提示custom n. 1.习惯,习俗 2.海关；用复数关税dependent a. 1.依靠的,依赖的 2.从属的diagnosis n. 1.诊断2.调查分析electrical a.与电有关的,电气科学的；用电的entire a.全部的,整个的exchange vt. 1.交换,调换 2.交流,互换n.交换,调换failure n. 1.失败,不及格 2.失败的人或事3.故障,失灵4.没做到,不履行feedback n.反馈former a.以前的,在前的heap n. 1.堆 2.大量,许多vt.使成堆,堆积,堆起image n. 1.像,形象 2.影像,图像immediate a. 1.立即的,即刻的 2.直接的,最接近的impact n. 1.碰撞,冲击力 2.效果,影响improve vt./vi. 1.改善,改进,增进2.好转,进步insight n.洞悉,洞察力,见识,深刻的了解Issue vi./vt. 1.流出,放出 2.发行,出版,颁布n. 1.发行物,报刊期号2.问题,争论点,争端lot n. 1.许多,大量 2.签,抽签lower a.较低的,下等的,下游的vt.放下,放低,降低marry vt.同…结婚mention v.提到,谈到n.提述,提及national n.国民指侨居国外的a. 1.全国性的 2.国内的,本国的3.民族的4.国有的network n. 1.网状织物 2.网状系统3.广播电视网objective a.客观的n.目标,目的organize/-ise vt. 1.组织,安排2.筹办practical a.实际的,实用的prefer v.更喜欢,宁愿previous a.先的,前的,以前的raise vt. 1.抬起,举起2.提出,发起3.抚养,饲养 4.募集,筹集n.加薪reduce vt. 1.减少,减低2.使…变低 3.贬低,使沦落4.数学约简vi. 1.减小,减少 2.减肥relation n. 1.家人,亲戚 2.关系 3.叙述,陈述relationship n. 1.关系2.亲属关系rescue vt./n.救援safe a.安全的n.保险箱self n. 1.自己,本身 2.私心sense n. 1.意思,意味 2.感觉,感知3.见识,判断能力4.意识,理智vt.觉得,意识到share vt. 分享,分给,分担n. 1.部分,一份 2.股份,股 3.分担,均摊sign n.1.符号,记号 2.姿势,手势3.标识,牌示4.征兆,迹象v. 1.签名 2.作手势表示similar a. 相似的,类似的situation n. 1.形势,情况 2.处境,境况 3.位置,场所status n. 1.地位,身份 2.情形,状况,状态store n. 1.商店,店铺 2.贮备品vt.贮藏,贮备suffer vt. 1.忍受,承受 2.遭受vi. 1.忍受痛苦 2.受损失survival n. 1.幸存者 2.遗物threat n. 1.威胁,恐吓 2.凶兆,征兆transmit vt.传播,播送；传递,传导,传送tribe n.部落,宗族various a. 1.不同的,各种各样的 2.多方面的vast a. 1.巨大的,广大的 2.大量的 3.非常的wave n. 1.波,波浪 2.手等的挥动vt.挥动,向…挥手vi. 1.挥手示意 2.波动,飘动zone n. 地区,地带,区域频率出现4次的word account n.1.账目,复数账户 2.说明,陈述 3.原因,理由vi.说明理由等agreement n. 1.同意,达成协议 2.协定,协议amount vi. 1.总计 2.与介词to连用等于n.总额；数量appliance n. 1.器械,装置 2.应用,适用arrow n. 1.箭状物 2.箭头符号aspect n.1.问题,事物等的方面 2.样子,面貌bamboo n.竹,竹类block n. 1.大块木料或石料,金属等2.障碍物,阻塞物3.街区四条街道当中的地区vt.阻拦,堵塞broadcast vt./vi. 〈无线电〉广播节目n.无线电广播,播音career n. 1.职业 2.生涯cast vt. 1.投,抛 2.撒网3.铸造,浇铸n.一掷；撒网；铸件cause n. 1.原因 2.理由,缘故 3.事业,奋斗目标vt. 1.造成,引起2.使得chase vt.追赶,追逐n.追赶,追击choose vt. 1.挑选,选择 2.愿意,决定consider vt. 1.考虑,细想2.体谅,顾及3.认为,以为,把…看作vi.考虑convention n. 1.习俗,惯例2.社团,政党等大会,会议3.公约,契约cope vi. 1.善于应付,妥善处理 2.竞争detail n. 1.细节,详情 2.枝节,琐事vt.详述,详谈enormous a.巨大的,庞大的entertain vt. 1.使欢乐,使娱乐 2.招待,款待 3.持有意见、见解等evidence n. 1.根据,证据 2.形迹,迹象executive a.实施的,执行的,行政的n.1.总经理,董事 2.执行者3.行政部门exist vi. 1.存在 2.生存,生活express vt.表示,表达n.快车；快递,快汇extreme a. 1.极度的,极端的 2.尽头的,末端的n.极端,最大程度；在末端的事物flight n. 1.飞行,飞翔 2.航空旅行,航程 3.航班focus n.焦点,活动、兴趣等的中心vi./vt.使聚焦,集中fossil n.化石fundamental a.基本的,根本的,主要的；原始的n.常用复数基本原理,基本原则historical a.历史的,有关历史的ideal a. 1.理想的,完美的2.观念的n. 理想impression n. 1.印,印痕 2.印象,感想 3.印记intend vt.想要,打算,企图locate vt. 1.把…设置在,使…坐落于 2.探明,找到logical a.逻辑的,合乎逻辑的lost a. 1.失去的 2.错过的,浪费掉的 3.无望的,迷路的maintain vt. 1.维持,保持2.保养,维修 3.坚持,主张major a. 1.较重要的,较大的2.主要的n.1.主修课程 2.少校vi.in主修market n. 1.市场,集市 2.销路,需求vt.销售mid adj.中央的,中间的mystery n. 1.神秘,奥秘2.神秘的事物notion n. 1.概念,意念2.想法,见解opinion n. 1.意见,看法2.舆论,评价organization n. 1.组织,安排2.团体 3.有机体overseas ad./a.到国外的,到海外去的ownership n.所有权,所有制participate vi. 1.参与,参加2.分享,分担predict v.预言,预测,预告protect vt.保护,保卫protection n.保护pump n.泵,抽水机,打气机v.用抽水机抽,打气purchase vt.购买n.1.购买 2.购买的物品rapid a.迅速的,快速的realize/is Vt. 1.认识到,了解2.实现receive vt. 1.收到,领到2.接受,得到3.接待,接见4.遭受,遭到recipe n. 1.食谱 2.方法,窍门register vt. 1.注册,登记2.仪表等显示3.将邮件挂号vi.登记,注册n. 1.登记,注册2.登记簿,花名册regulation n. 1.规定,条例,法令2.管制,控制3.调节,调整relief n. 1.痛苦、烦恼等的解除,减轻 2.浮雕3.救济,赈灾remains n. 1.剩余物,残留物2.遗体,遗迹report vt./n. 1.报告,报道 2.汇报vi. 1.报到2.报告responsible a. 1.应负责的 2.有责任心的revolution n. 1.革命,大变革 2.旋转 3.周期,循环risk n./vt.冒风险rule vt./vi. 1.统治,控制 2.裁决n.1.规则,规定 2.习惯,惯例 3.支配,统治satellite n.1.卫星,人造卫星 2.附庸国scheme n. 1.计划,方案 2.阴谋,诡计v.计划,图谋select vt.选择,挑选a.选择的,精选的sentence n. 1.句子 2.宣判,判决vt.宣判,判决silence n. 1.寂静 2.沉默,无言vt.使沉默,使安静simple a. 1.朴素的,简朴的 2.简易的,简单的3.纯真的4.完全的5.头脑简单的standard n.标准,规格subject n. 1.主题,题目 2.学科,科目 3.实验对象a.容易患感冒等的vt. 2.从属的,受…支配的使服从,使遭受support n. 1.支持,支撑 2.支撑物3.拥护,支持,鼓励 4.生活费vt. 1.支持,支撑 2.支持,鼓励3.拥护,为…助威4.供养,资助survey vt. 1.纵览,环视 2.调查,检查 3.测量,勘定n. 1.调查,研究 2.概说,概观 3.测量switch n. 1.开关 2.突然转变v.改变,交换system n. 1.系统,体系 2.制度,体制taste n. 1.滋味,味道 2.味觉3.鉴赏力,审美力vt. 1.尝,品尝 2.体验,领略vi.尝起来有某种味道technique n. 1.技巧,手艺 2.技能,技术throw vt. 1.投,抛,扔 2.摔落,摔倒topic n.话题,主题trade n. 1.贸易,商业 2.行业vt.用…进行交换,相互交换train n. 1.火车,列车 2.一连串,一系列vt.训练,培训training n.培训,训练,培养transport vt.运输,运送understanding n. 1.洞察力,理解力 2.理解,领会a.能体谅人的,宽容的universal a.全世界的,普遍的unusual a. 1.异常的,不寻常的 2.独特的,与众不同的vehicle n. 1.交通工具,车辆 2.工具,手段visual a. 1.看得见的 2.视觉的voltage n.电压whole n.全部,整体a.1.全体的,全部的 2.完整的,无缺的频率出现3次的word absorb vt. 1.吸收 2.使专心,使全神贯注academic a. 1.学院的,研究院的2.学术的access n. 1.接近,获得机会等2.入口,通道alive a. 1.活着的,在世的 2.有活力的,活泼的alternative a.二中选一的n.可供选择的事物,取舍appropriate a.适当的,恰如其分的association n. 1.协会,社团,团体2.联合,合伙band n. 1.带子,箍 2.乐队尤指管乐队3.波段,频带4.一群,一伙basic a. 1.基础的,基本,根本的 2.主要的,首要的n. 用复数基础,基本bid vt.报价,投标n.出价,投标broad a. 1.广的,阔的,广阔的2.概括的,广泛的cable n. 1.缆,电缆2.电报vt.打电报challenge n.挑战书vt.向…挑战charge n. 1.收费 2.罪名,指控3.充电,电荷 4.负责vt. 1.装满,使充满 2.索价,收费3.常与介词with连用控告,指控4.充电chronical a.慢性的,延续很长的cite vt.引用,引证,举例clue n.线索,暗示,提示code n. 1.规则,法规 2.密码,代码colleague n.同事,同僚comfort vt.使安慰,使舒适n. 1.安慰,慰劳 2.舒适,惬意,安逸construct vt.构筑,建造n.构筑物,建筑物,构想contact n.接触,联系；联络员；带菌者vt.接触,联系crack n. 1.裂纹,裂缝 2.爆裂声,噼啪声vt./vi. 1.使破裂,使爆裂2.使发噼啪声curiosity n.好奇心cycle n. 1.周期,循环 2.自行车vi. 1.循环 2.骑自行车desirable a. 1.理想的2.称心的develop vt./vi. 1.使发达,使发展2.开发,研制3.使显影 4.发育,生长,进化device n.1.设计,方法 2.装置,设备divorce n. 1.离婚 2.分离,分裂vt. 1.同…离婚 2.分离,脱离eliminate vt.消灭,消除,除去,排出entertainment n. 1.款待,招待2.游艺,表演文娱节目escape vi./vt. 1.逃跑,逃脱,避免,避开2.液体等漏出,漏气n.逃跑,逃脱,逸出essential a. 1.常与介词to连用必要的,必不可少的2.根本的,本质的n.常用复数本质,要点exception n. 除外,例外exhaust vt.用尽,耗尽；使疲竭n.排气装置；废气expand vt./vi. 1.张开,展开 2.扩大,发展expend vt.花费,耗费金钱、时间、精力等expert n.专家,能手a.1.熟练的,老练的 2.内行的fatal a.1.致命的 2.关键的favour n.1.赞赏2.偏爱,偏袒3.帮助,恩惠,善意的行为vt. 1.赞成,赞同 2.偏爱,偏袒feasible a.可行的,可能的,办得通的female a.女性的,雌性的n.1.女人 2.雌性动物fiction n. 1.小说 2.虚构的事物,捏造的故事funeral n./a.葬礼的generation n. 1.发生,产生 2.一代,世代 3.生育genetic a.1.创始的 2.遗传学的genuine a. 1.真实的,真正的 2.真心的,真诚的goal n. 1.足球运动的球门 2.球赛等的进球,得分3.目的,目标gossip n. 1.闲话,流言 2.闲谈,随笔vi.说闲话,漫谈；搬弄是非hydraulic a.水力的,水压的ignore vt.忽视,不顾imagine vt.想像,设想,料想,以为indicate vt. 1.指点,引起注意2.指出,表明3.用手势、灯光等指示influence n. 1.影响,感化2.势力,权势 3.〈电学〉感应vt.影响,感化initial a.最初的,开头的,初期的n.用复数姓名的起首字母instruction n. 1.用复数命令,指示,用法说明 2.讲授,教导intelligence n. 1.智力,理解力 2.情报,消息introduction n. 1.引导,传入2.介绍3.导言,绪论item n. 1.条,条款,项目 2.一条新闻,节目jury n.陪审委员会,陪审团英美为12人latter a. 1.后面的,末了的 2.后一半的,接近终了的n.后者layer n.层次list n.目录,名单,表v.列举,排列logic n. 1.逻辑学 2.逻辑性mass n. 1.大的团,块,群 2.大量,众多3.pl.群众,集团microwave n.微波misery n.痛苦,悲惨mission n. 1.使命,任务 2.代表团mobile a. 1.可移动的 2.易变的n.活动装置narrow a. 1.狭窄的2.范围小的3.眼光短浅的,有偏见的nerve n. 1.神经 2.勇气official a. 1.官方的,正式的 2.官员的,公务的n.官员,高级职员order n. 1.次序,顺序2.正常状况3.秩序4.命令5.订购,定货6.等级v. 1.命令 2.定购3.整理,安排origin n. 1.起源,开端 2.出身,血统ozone n. 1.臭氧 2.海岸等的新鲜空气pattern n. 1.图案,图样 2.形式,方式 3.模范,典范vt.仿制,模仿permit v.容许,许可n.执照,许可证philosopher n.哲学家,哲人pioneer n.先驱,倡导者,开拓者powerful a. 1.强大的,强有力的 2.强烈的3.有影响的,有权力的preserve vt. 1.保藏,保存 2.保护,维持3.防腐,腌制process n. 1.过程,进程 2.工序,制作法 3.诉讼vt.加工,处理production n. 1.生产,制造 2.生产量 3.产品,作品publish v. 1.出版,刊印 2.公布,发表punishment n.处罚,惩罚quarter n. 1.四分之一 2.一刻钟 3.地区,区域4.pl.住处5.美元两角五分range n. 1.范围,领域 2.山脉 3.射击场vt. 1.排列成行 2.把…分类vi. 1.列成行,并列2.绵亘,延伸3.一定范围内变动,变化rare a. 1.稀少的,稀薄的2.极好的,珍奇的ad.很,非常react vi. 1.反应 2.起作用,有影响3.反抗recite vt./vi.背诵,朗诵reinforce v t.加强,增援reluctant a.不愿意的,勉强的remedy n. 1.治疗,治疗法 2.补救法vt. 1.医治2.补救,纠正remote a. 1.遥远的,偏僻的2.关系不密切的,疏远的represent v t. 1.代表,代理2.表示,象征require vt.要求,需求requirement n.要求,需求retard n.阻止,延迟vt.妨碍,延迟,使减速return vi./n. 1.回去,归来2.还,归还vt. 1.归还,送回2.回报,报答a. 1.回程的2.回报的review vt./n. 1.回顾,审视2.复习3.评论vi.评论,写评论rhythm n. 1.节奏,韵律2.有规律的循环运动running n. 1.跑,赛跑 2.机器等的开动,运转3.经营,运行a. 1.跑着的,跑步用的2.水流动的3.连续的,接连不断的scan n.浏览,扫描v.浏览,扫描sequence n. 1.连续,系列2.次序,顺序sight n. 1.视力,视觉2.看,观看3.景物,景象4.视野5.pl.名胜6.看法,见解vt.看见,观测significant a. 1.有意义的,意味深长的 2.重要的,重大的special a.1.特别的,特殊的 2.特别好的,格外的n.特别的事或物spirit n. 1.精神,心灵2.精灵,妖精3.pl.情绪,心境4.pl.酒精,烈性酒stand vi. 1.站立,竖立2.站起,起立3.放置,位于4.处于某种状态vt. 1.使站立,竖放2.忍受,经受n. 1.货摊,售货台2.置物架3.看台,观众席4.立场,态度steady a.稳定的,稳固的strengthen vt.加强,巩固substance n. 1.物质 2.实质,本质 3.要义,主要部分succeed vi. 1.成功 2.继承,接着发生vt.接替,接…之后suppose vt.假定,料想sweat n.汗水v.使出汗teaching n. 1.教学,执教,任教,讲授2.复数教诲,教义tolerate vt.容忍,忍受,容许transfer vt. 1.转移,转换 2.转让,过户n.1.迁移,转移 2.改乘,换车transportation n. 1.运输2.运输系统工具treat v. 1.对待,看待 2.治疗 3.招待n.款待,请客unique a. 1.唯一的 2.独特的,异常的n.独一无二的事物unknown a. 1.未知的 2.无名的 3.陌生的veto n.否决权vt.使用否决权vi.否决,禁止vital a.1.极其重要的 2.有生命的,生气勃勃的3.致命的weak a. 1.虚弱的,无力的2.能力等差的,弱的3.微弱的,淡薄的willing a.愿意的,心甘情愿的yield vt. 1.生产,出产 2.放弃vi.屈服,服从n.产量,收益。
新北师大版高中英语必修二单词表(精校版)
新北师大版高中英语必修二单词表（本单词表收录大约名词176个，形容词副词60个，动词70个）Unit4Topic Talkapp n.应用程序enable vt.使可能,使发生convenience n.方便,便利effect n.效应;影响impact n.影响;作用self-focused ad.以自我为中心的;关注自我的addicted adj.对…着迷的;沉迷的be addicted to沉迷indeed adv：确实;当然download vt.下载recommendation n.建议,提议;推荐super adj.极好的,了不起的*avatar n.(网络上代表个人的)头像,虚拟替身,图标explore vt.探究;探讨;探险personality n.个性,性格admit vi.&vt.承认alarm n.闹钟Lesson 1image n.图像;形象fancy adj.花哨的;别致的trick vt.欺骗,诱骗,哄骗identity n.身份;特征2D(2-dimensional) ad.二维的variety n.多样化,变化a variety of各种各样的instant adj.即时的;立刻的,,马上的instant messenger即时通讯sex n.性别sensible adj.朴素实用的;明智的,合理的creativity n.创造力;独创性blog n.博客;网络日志;vt.发表博客obviously adv.显而易见地,明显地experiment vi&vt.做实验,进行试验;n.实验nowadays adv.现今,现时hairstyle n.发型,发式selection n.供选择的同类物品;选择type vi&vt.打;打字n.类型,种类concern n.担忧,忧虑;wt.与……有关;使担心virtual adj.虚拟的;模拟的cheat vt.欺骗;欺诈view vt.看,把……视为Lesson 2accommodation n.住处subscribe vi.订阅,订购powerful adj.效能高的;强有力的;强壮的latest adj.最新的;最近的reality n.现实;真实VR(Virtual Reality) 虚拟现实AR(Augmented Reality) 增强现实MR(Mixed Reality) 混合现实account/a'k aunt/n.账户software n.计算机软件device n.设置,装置mobile device移动设备ensure vt.确保,保证material n.材料;素材gender n.性别press/pres/vt.按button n.按钮goods n.商品favour n.恩惠;善意的行为confirm vt.确认;证实deliver vi.&vt.递送;传送error n.错误;失误Lesson 3harm v.&n.伤害,损害argument n.论点;论据replace vt.取代;接替hug n.&v.拥抱;紧抱concentrate vi.专注,专心;集中注意力concerned adj.关切的,关心的be concerned with关心……rewarding adj.有益的;有意义的addition n.增添;添加in addition除此之外content n.内容shallow adj.肤浅的,浅薄的*trivial adj.没有什么价值的;微不足道的basis n.基础;基点percent n.百分比;百分数opinion n.意见;看法;主张focus vi.给予某物关注;n.焦点focus on关注maintain vt.保持;维持smartphone n.智能手机tablet n.平板电脑;药片;碑,牌limiting adj.局限的,限制性的brief adj.简洁的,简明的*emoji n.表情符号creative adj.创造性的*thought-provoking adj.发人深省的,令人深思的authority n.权威人士;专家Writing Workshopprofile n.人物简介;传略location n.位置;地点optional adj.可选择的;非强制的imaginary adj.想象的,虚构的fantasy n.幻想作品series n.系列author n.作者,作家amazing adj.了不起的;惊人的privacy n.隐私policy n.政策,方针Reading Club 1digitize vt.把…转变成数字形式,使……数字化sailor n.水手,海员accessible adj.易懂的;易得到的Reading Club 2wristband n.腕带Unit5单词Topic Talkdisaster n.灾难;灾祸flood n.洪水,水灾drought n.旱灾,干旱hurricane n.飓风*landslide n.滑坡;;塌方volcanic adj.火山的;由火山作用引起的eruption n.爆发wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物comment n.评论; 意见crowded adj.拥挤的; 挤满人的landscape n.风景,景色living adj.活的,活着的weed n.野草;海藻deer n.鹿insect n.昆虫whale n.鲸dolphin n.海豚shark n.鲨(鱼)kangaroo n.袋鼠eagle n.鹰fox n.狐狸soil n.土壤climate n.气候ecology n.生态; 生态学jungle n.(热带)丛林shock vt.使震惊; 使使震惊;使难以置信lecture n.讲座，.讲座，讲课;演讲overuse vt.过度使用;滥用million n.百万greenhouse n.温室,暖房turn one's back(on sb/sth) 对……置之......置之不理,对……撒手不管title n.题目,标题Lesson 1*whirlpool n.漩涡wave n.海浪; 波涛escape v.&vt.逃离; 逃避survive vi.&vt.活下来; 幸存*float vi.浮; 漂file n.档案,卷宗*descent n.下降,下落*tidal adj.潮汐的,潮水的poetry n.诗歌; 作诗的艺术*mystery n.神秘事物，难以理解的事物soul n.灵魂frightened adj.受惊的,害怕的horrible adj.可怕的,吓人的,令人恐惧的edge n.边缘on the edge of在……边缘;某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)*barrel n.桶curious adj.好奇的observation n.观察;观察结果equal adj.相等的; 相同的extent n.面积; 长度; 范围; 程度tube n.圆管,管子;(伦敦)地铁Lesson 2rescue n.&v.营救;救援vehicle n.交通工具,车辆trap vt.困住; 使陷于危险中attempt n.&vt.努力,尝试,企图interrupt vt.打断讲话death n.死,死亡loss n.丧失; 死亡damage n.伤害,损伤,损害measure vt.估量，衡量;测量operation n.行动，活动;手术;操作overseas adv.在海外，在外国site n.场所,地点process n.过程,进程battle n.较量,竞争;斗争;战斗duty n.职责,义务; 责任suffering n.(肉体或精神上的))痛苦;折磨conduct vt.实施;进行;执行;vi.&vt.t 指挥protection n.保护; 防护lamp n.灯nearby adv.附近breathe vi.&vt.呼吸breathe in吸气dust n.灰尘;尘埃run out用完;耗尽Lesson 3explorer n.探险者;勘察者preparation n.预备,准备*sledge n.雪橇ski n.滑雪板;vi.滑雪*tent n.帐篷boot n.靴子captain n.队长; 组长polar adj.极地的，，地极的base n.基地,大本营; 基础vt.以……为基地anxiously adv.焦虑地; 不安地break down停止运转，出故障ambition n.抱负，雄心;追求，夙愿exploration n.探险;探索cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的prove vt.证明;证实distant adj.久远的; 遥远的continent n.洲,大洲;大陆honesty n.坦诚; 诚实,正直sincerity n.真诚，真挚，诚实bravery n.勇气; 勇敢的行为Writing Workshopbrochure n.小册子shelter n.避难所aftershock n.(地震的))余震observe vt.观察;注意metal n.金属Reading Club 1varied adj.各种各样的,形形色色的scary adj.可怕的,恐怖的harmless adj.无害的skiing n.滑雪运动Reading Club 2originality n.独创性;创造力disappearance n.消亡;消失Unit6单词Topic Talkadmirable adj.令人钦佩的;极其出色的admire vt.钦佩; 欣赏remarkable adj.不寻常的;显著的;非凡的career n.职业,事业put out fires灭火cure vt..治好(疾病);治愈n.疗法fight for...努力争取,为……斗争justice n.公平, 公正generation n.一代(人)reform n.改革;改进mankind n.人类intelligent adj.聪敏的;有智慧的generous adj.无私的;慷慨的;大方的have...in mind心里已有…*evil n.邪恶之事;祸害adj.邪恶的creatively adv.创造性地;有创造力地Lesson1mosquito n.蚊子apart adj.&adv.分开;散开apart from...除……之外drug/drag/n.药物,药材;毒品effective adj.有效的,产生预期效果的female adj.女(性)的stage n.舞台; 阶段award vt.授予;给予committee n.委员会honour n.荣誉; vt感到荣幸recognition n.表彰;赞扬academy n.研究院; 学会gain v.获得,赢得,取得;受益n.好处;利益establish vt.建立,设立chemical n.化学品; adj.化学的herb n.药草literature n.文献资料;著述;文学recipe n.处方;秘诀limited adj.有限的resource n.物力;资源staff n.全体职员,员工eventually adv.最终;终于come across偶遇promising adj.大有希望的*fame n.名声,名誉*renowned adj.著名的,有名望的dc spite prep.尽管;虽然wisdom n.知识,学问;智慧potential n.潜力;可能性advance n.发展;进步integrate vi.&vt.t.(使)结合;(使)成为一体Lesson 2*Mahatma n.圣雄(印度对圣贤的称呼)pick out挑选independence n.独立peaceful adj.和平的,没有暴力的protest n.&vi.&vt.t.抗议;反对racial adj.种族的;人种的discrimination n.歧视inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的bar n.铁栅; (门、窗等的闩) behind bars在牢里skin n.皮肤What a shame! 真遗憾!further adj.更多的,进一步march n.示威游行,抗议游行self-evident adj.不证自明的; 显显而易见的judge vt.评价;判断impressive adj.令人钦佩的,给人印象深刻的respect v.&n.尊敬; 敬佩independent adj.独立的,自主的the other day不久前某一天Lesson 3*horror n.令人惊恐的事regard vt.认为, 看作be regarded as被认为,被看作novelist n.小说家journalist n.新闻工作者passion n.强烈的爱好,热爱;激情opportunity n.机会;时机reputation n.名誉;名望awareness n.认识;意识organization n.组织;团体;机构strike vi.&vt.突然发生(某种不幸);突然有坏的影响;打,击severe adj.很严重的movement n.运动,动作,活动*nightmare n.噩梦,梦魇depression n.忧郁,沮丧,消沉;抑郁症due to由于,因为ongoing adj.继续进行的,不断发展的commitment n.投入,忠诚,奉献;承诺*undertake v.着手做,承担intense adj.强烈的,剧烈的engage vi.参加, 参与design vt.计划, 设计*biography n.传记passionate adj.具有强烈信念的; 热爱的, 酷爱的energetic adj.精力充沛的, 充满活力的advocate n.提倡者;拥护者;鼓吹者disability n.伤残,残障,障碍attitude n.看法,态度Writing Workshopsummary n.概要;摘要;总结Reading Club 1daring adj.勇敢的Reading Club 2originally adv.原先,最初in spite of尽管… (仍…);虽然;不顾。
英语高频词汇
track01considerv.认为；考虑；体谅involvev.使参加；包含；牵涉tendv..倾向，趋向includev..包括，包含informationn.情报，信息issuen.争论的问题，议题。
v.发表，出版；宣布offerv./n.提供；愿意做某事；出价requirev.需要；使做（某事），规定resultn.结果；成绩。
v.导致；起因于viewn.眼界；风景；看法。
v.看待leveln.水平高度；水平，等级。
a.平的，水平的。
v.（使）变平坦conditionn.状况，状态；环境，形势；条件，前提。
v.使适应earnv.赚得，挣得；博得，赢得likelya.可能的，有希望的。
ad.很可能processn.进程，过程；工序。
v.加工，处理raisev.筹集，征集；引起；养育；饲养；提出。
n./v.提升，增加raten.（比）率；速度；进度；价格，费用accessn.接触的机会；进入；入口。
v.存取accountn.账户；叙述，说明。
v.说明（原因等）；占claimn./v.声称，断言；索赔；索取controlv./n.控制；控制装置；可知，抑制，自制declinev./n.下降，减少；衰退。
v.婉拒，谢绝focusv.（使）集中，聚焦。
n.焦点，焦距；中心track02lackv./n.缺乏，没有promotev.促进，发扬；提升，提拔；宣传，推销situationn.形势，状况；环境特点abilityn.能力，本领；才能，才智affectv.影响；感动avoidv.避免，避开；预防communicationn.信息交流；交通；通讯；通讯工具creditn.赞扬，称赞；贷款。
v.信任；把…记入贷方demandv.需求；急需influencev./n.影响（力）。
n.势力，权势lightn.光（线）；光明；领悟。
v.点（燃）；照亮。
a.明亮的；轻的；淡（色）的limitn.限制；极限，极点；界限，范围。
复合材料与工程专业专业英语
复合材料与工程专业专业英语复合材料原理中文英文复合材料composite material基体matrix增强体reinforcement纤维fiber颗粒particle晶须whisker纳米管nanotube石墨烯graphene复合效应composite effect复合理论composite theory增强机制reinforcement mechanism界面interface界面层interphase界面粘结强度interfacial bond strength界面物理化学interfacial physical chemistry聚合物基复合材料polymer matrix composite (PMC)金属基复合材料metal matrix composite (MMC)陶瓷基复合材料ceramic matrix composite (CMC)碳-碳复合材料carbon-carbon composite (C-C)遗态复合材料biomimetic composite分级结构复合材料hierarchical composite剪切增稠柔性复合材料shear thickening fluid composite (STFC)连续缠绕工艺filament winding process拉挤工艺pultrusion process注射成型工艺injection molding process压缩成型工艺compression molding process热压工艺hot pressing process热等静压工艺hot isostatic pressing process (HIP)化学气相沉积法chemical vapor deposition (CVD)物理气相沉积法physical vapor deposition (PVD)液相浸渗法liquid phase infiltration (LPI)气相浸渗法gas phase infiltration (GPI)反应浸渗法reaction infiltration (RI)自蔓延高温合成法self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS)电泳沉积法electrophoretic deposition (EPD)溶胶-凝胶法sol-gel method复合材料工艺中文英文复合材料工艺学composite material processing science复合材料加工技术composite material processing technology复合材料成型方法composite material forming method复合材料固化方法composite material curing method复合材料后处理方法composite material post-processing method复合材料接头技术composite material joint technology复合材料修复技术composite material repair technology复合材料表面处理技术composite material surface treatment technology复合材料工艺参数composite material process parameters复合材料工艺性能composite material process performance复合材料工艺缺陷composite material process defects复合材料工艺模拟composite material process simulation复合材料工艺优化composite material process optimization手糊法hand lay-up method喷射成型法spray-up method真空吸附法vacuum bagging method自动糊层机法automatic tape laying method (ATL)自动纤维放置法automated fiber placement method (AFP)树脂传输成型法resin transfer molding method (RTM)树脂膜层叠加成型法resin film infusion method (RFI)真空辅助树脂传输成型法vacuum assisted resin transfer molding method (VARTM)真空辅助树脂注射成型法vacuum assisted resin injection molding method (VARI)树脂浸渍拉挤成型法resin impregnation pultrusion method树脂浸渍缠绕成型法resin impregnation winding method树脂浸渍编织成型法resin impregnation weaving method预浸料成型法prepreg molding method预浸料自动糊层机法prepreg automatic tape laying method预浸料自动纤维放置法prepreg automated fiber placement method预浸料真空吸附法prepreg vacuum bagging method预浸料热压成型法prepreg hot pressing method预浸料热等静压成型法prepreg hot isostatic pressing method预浸料自动模具线成型法prepreg automatic mold line method (AML)模塑复合材料成型法molded compound molding method压缩模塑复合材料成型法compression molded compound molding method注射模塑复合材料成型法injection molded compound molding method转移模塑复合材料成型法transfer molded compound molding method挤出模塑复合材料成型法extrusion molded compound molding method热解复合材料制备方法pyrolysis composite preparation method复合材料结构设计中文英文复合材料结构设计composite material structural design复合材料结构分析composite material structural analysis复合材料结构优化composite material structural optimization复合材料结构可靠性composite material structural reliability复合材料结构失效模式composite material structural failure mode复合材料结构失效准则composite material structural failure criterion复合材料结构强度composite material structural strength复合材料结构刚度composite material structural stiffness复合材料结构稳定性composite material structural stability复合材料结构疲劳性能composite material structural fatigue performance 复合材料结构断裂韧性composite material structural fracture toughness 复合材料结构损伤容限composite material structural damage tolerance复合材料层合板composite material laminate复合材料夹层板composite material sandwich panel复合材料桁架composite material truss复合材料梁composite material beam复合材料板壳composite material plate-shell复合材料管壳composite material tube-shell复合材料网格壳composite material grid-shell复合材料蜂窝板composite material honeycomb panel纤维方向角fiber orientation angle层厚比thickness ratio层间剪切模量interlaminar shear modulus层间剪切强度interlaminar shear strength层间正应力强度因子interlaminar normal stress intensity factor层间剪应力强度因子interlaminar shear stress intensity factor层间断裂韧度interlaminar fracture toughness层间脱层interlaminar delamination层间裂纹扩展速率interlaminar crack propagation rate层间裂纹扩展阻力曲线interlaminar crack resistance curve (R-curve)层内应力分布intralaminar stress distribution层内应变分布intralaminar strain distribution层内失效模式intralaminar failure mode层内失效准则intralaminar failure criterion复合材料力学中文英文复合材料力学composite material mechanics复合材料弹性理论composite material elasticity theory复合材料弹塑性理论composite material elasto-plasticity theory复合材料粘弹性理论composite material viscoelasticity theory复合材料热弹性理论composite material thermoelasticity theory复合材料非线性力学composite material nonlinear mechanics复合材料动力学composite material dynamics复合材料疲劳力学composite material fatigue mechanics复合材料断裂力学composite material fracture mechanics复合材料损伤力学composite material damage mechanics复合材料微观力学composite material micromechanics复合材料宏观力学composite material macromechanics复合材料多尺度力学composite material multiscale mechanics复合材料本构关系composite material constitutive relation复合材料本构方程composite material constitutive equation复合材料本构模型composite material constitutive model复合材料本构参数composite material constitutive parameter复合材料本构参数识别方法composite material constitutive parameter identification method纤维增强复合材料单元细胞模型fiber reinforced composite unit cell model纤维增强复合材料等效模量计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent modulus calculation method纤维增强复合材料等效泊松比计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent poisson ratio calculation method纤维增强复合材料等效热膨胀系数计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent thermal expansion coefficient calculation method纤维增强复合材料等效热导率计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent thermal conductivity calculation method 纤维增强复合材料等效电导率计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent electrical conductivity calculation method 纤维增强复合材料等效介电常数计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent dielectric constant calculation method 颗粒增强复合材料单元细胞模型particle reinforced composite unit cell model颗粒增强复合材料等效模量计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent modulus calculation method颗粒增强复合材料等效泊松比计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent poisson ratio calculation method颗粒增强复合材料等效热膨胀系数计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent thermal expansion coefficient calculation method颗粒增强复合材料等效热导率计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent thermal conductivity calculation method 颗粒增强复合材料等效电导率计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent electrical conductivity calculation method 颗粒增强复合材料等效介电常数计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent dielectric constant calculation method 晶须增强复合材料单元细胞模型whisker reinforced composite unit cell model晶须增强复合材料等效模量计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent modulus calculation method晶须增强复合材料等效泊松比计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent poisson ratio calculation method晶须增强复合材料等效热膨胀系数计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent thermal expansion coefficient calculation method晶须增强复合材料等效热导率计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent thermal conductivity calculation method 晶须增强复合材料等效电导率计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent electrical conductivity calculation method晶须增强复合材料等效介电常数计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent dielectric constant calculation method 纳米复合材料中文英文纳米复合材料nanocomposite material纳米粒子nanoparticle纳米纤维nanofiber纳米管nanotube纳米线nanowire纳米带nanoribbon纳米棒nanorod纳米片nanosheet纳米球nanosphere纳米星nanostar纳米花nanoflower纳米棘轮nanoratchet纳米泡沫nanofoam纳米多孔材料nanoporous material纳米气凝胶nanoaerogel纳米海绵nanosponge纳米网格nanogrid纳米蜂窝结构nanohoneycomb structure纳米层状结构nanolayered structure纳米纤维素复合材料nanocellulose composite material石墨烯复合材料graphene composite material二维纳米材料复合材料two-dimensional nanomaterial composite material量子点复合材料quantum dot composite material全息纳米复合材料holographic nanocomposite material超分子纳米复合材料supramolecular nanocomposite material生物医用复合材料中文英文生物医用复合材料biomedical composite material生物相容性biocompatibility生物降解性biodegradability生物吸收性bioabsorbability生物活性bioactivity生物力学性能biomechanical performance生物功能化biofunctionalization药物缓释drug delivery组织工程tissue engineering骨组织工程bone tissue engineering软骨组织工程cartilage tissue engineering皮肤组织工程skin tissue engineering神经组织工程nerve tissue engineering血管组织工程vascular tissue engineering心脏组织工程cardiac tissue engineering肝脏组织工程liver tissue engineering肾脏组织工程kidney tissue engineering胰腺组织工程pancreas tissue engineering肺组织工程lung tissue engineering骨水泥复合材料bone cement composite material骨替代材料复合材料bone substitute material composite material 骨修复板复合材料bone fixation plate composite material骨钉复合材料bone screw composite material骨髓钉复合材料bone nail composite material骨髓钉复合材料bone nail composite material人工关节复合材料artificial joint composite material人工韧带复合材料artificial ligament composite material人工心脏瓣膜复合材料artificial heart valve composite material人工血管复合材料artificial blood vessel composite material 人工角膜复合材料artificial cornea composite material人工耳蜗复合材料artificial cochlea composite material人工牙齿复合材料artificial tooth composite material人工皮肤复合材料artificial skin composite material人工肝脏复合材料artificial liver composite material复合材料测试与评价中文英文复合材料测试与评价composite material testing and evaluation复合材料测试方法composite material testing method复合材料测试标准composite material testing standard复合材料测试仪器composite material testing instrument复合材料测试数据composite material testing data复合材料测试结果composite material testing result复合材料测试分析composite material testing analysis复合材料评价方法composite material evaluation method复合材料评价指标composite material evaluation index复合材料评价模型composite material evaluation model复合材料评价系统composite material evaluation system复合材料评价报告composite material evaluation report静态力学性能测试static mechanical performance test动态力学性能测试dynamic mechanical performance test疲劳性能测试fatigue performance test断裂性能测试fracture performance test热性能测试thermal performance test电性能测试electrical performance test光学性能测试optical performance test磁学性能测试magnetic performance test磁学性能测试magnetic performance test损伤性能测试damage performance test环境适应性能测试environmental adaptability performance test 耐腐蚀性能测试corrosion resistance performance test耐磨性能测试wear resistance performance test耐老化性能测试aging resistance performance test耐辐射性能测试radiation resistance performance test耐火性能测试fire resistance performance test耐水性能测试water resistance performance test耐化学品性能测试chemical resistance performance test。
英语中的各种伤害、破坏及其区别[策划]
![英语中的各种伤害、破坏及其区别[策划]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/86f294ecfbb069dc5022aaea998fcc22bcd143e3.png)
英语中的各种伤害、破坏及其区别injure, wound, hurt, harm的区别：hurt伤害（感情）。
普通用词，没有injure正式，常用于口语。
多用于有生命的东西，常指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的痛苦或感情上的伤害。
作不及物动词，表“疼痛”。
注意：指肉体上的伤害时，hurt可与badly，slightly，seriously等连用；但如果指精神上的创伤，只能说 very much/rather/deeply hurt。
e.g. Luckily no one was seriously hurt in the car accident. The girl fell off her bike, and one of her legs hurt.injure伤害，损害（感情），损害（名誉）。
普通用词，常指各种性质的身体上或精神上的伤害。
多指事故中人或物的损伤，包括容貌、生理、身体等。
e.g. In the traffic accident, two were killed and three get injured.在交通事故中，两人遇难，三人受伤。
He was so injured in his pride that he stayed at home all day without meeting anyone.他的自尊受到了如此的伤害以至于他成天待在家里，不见外人。
注：injure比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的损失。
如：A bullet injured his left eye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。
wound使受伤，伤害，损害，主要指外界暴力或用武器造成身体上较重的伤害，像刀伤、枪伤、刺伤等。
多指战场上受伤，还可以指精神上的创伤。
e.g. The soldier was badly wounded in the head.这个士兵头部受了重伤。
常用骨科医学专业英语词汇
常用骨科医学专业英语词汇骨科 ORTHOPEDICS1、概论 INTRODUCTION*fracture n.骨折pathological fracture 病理骨折fatigue fracture 疲劳骨折*open fracture 开放骨折close fracture 闭合骨折*comminuted fracture粉碎性骨折compressed fracture 压缩骨折shock n.休克*deformity n.畸形tenderness n.压痛swelling n.肿胀ecchymosis n.瘀斑obstacle n.功能障碍*bonefascial compartment syndrome 骨筋膜室综合征infection n.感染spinal cord injury 脊髓损伤surrounding nerve 周围神经*fat embolism 脂肪栓塞bedsore n.褥疮arthroclisis n.关节僵硬ischemic necrosis 缺血性坏死ischemic contraction 缺血性挛缩*traumatic arthritis 创伤性关节炎hematoma n.血肿*callus n.骨痂heal n.愈合*synovitis n.滑膜炎*ligament n.韧带*tendon n.肌腱* pyogenic osteomyelitis 化脓性骨髓炎*reduction n.复位*bone traction 骨牵引*osteoporosis n.骨质疏松2、上肢骨折FRACTURE OF UPPER EXTREMITIES clavicle n.锁骨*humerus n.肱骨*rotation n.旋转supracondyle n.髁上blister n.水疱pulsate n.搏动thrombus n.血栓*cancellous n.松质骨*epiphysis n.骨骺*injury n.损伤*joint n.关节stability n.稳定ulna n.尺骨radius n.桡骨metacarpal bone 掌骨bone graft 植骨hemostasis 止血*periosteum n.骨膜tension n.张力adhesion n.粘连*skin grafting 植皮*arthrodesis n.关节融合extrusion n.挤压gangrene n.坏疽pallor n.苍白、灰白*amputation n.截肢plaster n.石膏paralysis n.瘫痪bandage n.绷带2、手外伤 HAND TRAUMAavulsion n.撕脱*dislocation n.脱位stiff adj.僵硬3、下肢骨折与关节损伤 FRACTURE OF LOWER EXTREMITIES AND ARTICULAR INJURYfemur n.股骨adduction n.内收separate v.分离cartilage n.软骨*synovialis n.滑膜*spinal column 脊柱5、脊柱及骨盆骨折 FRACTURE OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND PELVIS column n.椎体cervical column 颈椎*lumber vertebra 腰椎sacrum n.骶椎sense n.感觉movement n.运动reflect v.反射*pelvis n.骨盆6、关节脱位 ARTICULAR DISLOCATIONcongenital dislocation 先天性脱位pathological dislocation 病理性脱位*osteoarthritis n.骨关节炎*total hip replacement 全髋置换术7、运动系统慢性损伤 CHRONIC STRAIN OF MOVEMENT SYSTEM strain n.劳损*cystis n.滑囊*stenosed tenosynovitis 狭窄性腱鞘炎*ganglion n.腱鞘囊肿degenerative adj.退行性变multiply v.增生abnormal sense 感觉异常8、腰腿痛和颈肩痛LUMBAGO AND SHOULDER PAINSstenosed column 椎管狭窄9、骨与关节化脓感染OSTEOARTICULAR PURULENT LNFECTION channel n.窦道drill hole 钻孔*drainage n.引流10、骨与关节结核 OSTEOARTICULAR TUBERCULOSISbone tuberculosis 骨结核spinal cord compression 脊髓压迫11、骨肿瘤BONE TUMORbone tumor 骨肿瘤*osteochondroma n.骨软骨瘤*osteosarcoma n.骨肉瘤chemotherapy n.化疗*synoviosarcoma n.滑膜肉瘤医学英语分科常用词汇人体解剖学 HUMAN ANATOMY之运动系统 LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM 1、中轴骨 AXIAL BONES*bone n.骨*vertebrae n.椎骨*cervical vertebrae 颈椎*thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎*sacrum n.骶骨coccyx 尾骨atlas n.寰椎axis n.枢椎*sternum n.胸骨sternal angle 胸骨角sternal manubrium 胸骨柄xiphoid process 剑突*rib n.肋*thoracic cage 胸廓2、颅SKULL*skull n.颅*frontal bone 额骨*parietal bone 顶骨*occipital bone 枕骨*temporal bone 颞骨*sphenoid bone 蝶骨*ethmoid bone 筛骨*mandible n.下颌骨hyoid bone 舌骨vomer n.犁骨*maxilla n.上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨nasal bone 鼻骨lacrimal bone 泪骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲zygomatic bone 颧骨*coronal suture冠状缝*sagital suture 矢状缝*lambdoid suture 人字缝orbit n.眶cranial fontanelle 颅囟2、附肢骨TARSAL BONES AND EXTREMITAL BONES *clavicle n.锁骨*scapula n.肩胛骨*humerus n.肱骨*radius n.桡骨*ulna n.尺骨carpal bone 腕骨metacarpal bone 掌骨phalanges n.指骨，趾骨*hip bone 髋骨*ilium n.髂骨*ischium n.坐骨*pubis n.耻骨*femur n.股骨patella n.髌骨*tibia n.胫骨*fibula n.腓骨tarsal bone 跗骨metatarsal bone 跖骨4、关节学 ARTHROLOGY*articulation n.关节*ligament n.韧带*flexion n.屈*extension n.伸*adduction n.收*medial rotation 旋内*lateral rotation 旋外pronation n旋前.supination n.旋后circumduction n.环转*vertebral column脊柱*thoracic cage 胸廓*intervertebral disc 椎间盘*temporal-mandibular joint 颞下颌关节*shoulder joint 肩关节*elbow joint 肘关节*radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节*pelvis n.骨盆*hip joint 髋关节*knee joint 膝关节*ankle joint 踝关节5、肌肉系统 MUSCULATURE(1)肌学系统INTRODUCTION OF MUSCULATURE *muscle n.肌肉muscle belly 肌腹tendon n.肌腱aponeurosis n.腱膜*fascia n.筋膜*tendinous sheath 腱鞘（2）躯干肌TRUNK MUSCLEStrapezius n.斜方肌latissimus dorsi 背阔肌erector spinae 竖脊肌*sternocleidomastoid adj.胸锁乳突的*scalenus n.斜角肌pectoralis major 胸大肌intercostales n.肋间肌*diaphragm n.膈（肌）*inguinal canal 腹股沟管*sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘（3）头肌 HEAD MUSCLESorbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌masseter n.咬肌*temporalis n.颞肌*deltoid n.三角肌*biceps brachii 肱二头肌*triceps brachii 肱三头肌*axillary fossa 腋窝（4）附肢肌 MUSCLES ATTACHED TO EXTREMITTES *gluteus maximus 臀大肌piriformis n.梨状肌*sartorius n.缝匠肌*quadriceps femoris 股四头肌triceps surae 小腿三头肌*femoral triangle 股三角popliteal fossa 腘窝医学英语分科常用词汇诊断学——骨关节系统OSTEOARTICULAR SYSTEM*Codman’striangle 骨膜三角，科德曼三角H-shaped vertebra,butterfly vertebra 蝴蝶椎Rugger-Jersay vertebra 夹心椎体Scheuermann’s disease 绍尔曼病Schmorl’s nodule 施莫尔结节Shenton’s line 沈通氏线apophysis n. 骺状突*arthrography n.关节造影basilar impression,basilarinvagination 颅底凹陷block vertebra 融合椎bone island 骨岛bursography n.泪囊造影compacta n.骨密度cortical porosity 皮质骨疏松症craniolacunia,luckenschadel n.颅骨陷窝*empty sella 空蝶鞍endosteal proliferation 骨内膜增生*epiphysis n.骨骺Intratrabecular resorption 骨小梁内吸收ivory vertebra 象牙椎marrow-packing disease 骨髓充填疾病massive osteolysis 大片骨溶解melopheostosis n.蜡油骨症ossification n.骨化osteopathia striata 纹骨症*osteopenia n.骨质减少osteopetrosis n.石骨症osteopoikilosis n.斑骨症pars interarticularis 椎弓峡部periosteal reaction 骨膜反应physis n.骨生长端*pseudofracture, Looser zone n.假骨折spina ventosa 骨气鼓spongiosa 骨疏松woven bone 编织骨*zone of provisional calcification 临时钙化带。
模具常用英语单词汇总
企业英语模具工程类plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模progressive die连续模stage die工程模compound die复合模shearing die剪边模riveting die铆合模feature die公母模male die公模female die母模cavity型控母模core模心公模die change 换模to fix a die装模to repair a die修模punch set上模座punch pad上垫板punch holder上夹板stripper pad脱料背板up stripper上脱料板upper plate上模板lower plate下模板die pad下垫板die holder下夹板die set下模座bottom block下垫脚bottom plate下托板(底板) upper supporting blank上承板upper padding plate blank上垫板top plate上托板（顶板）top block上垫脚stripping plate内外打(脱料板) outer stripper外脱料板inner stripper内脱料板lower stripper下脱料板punch冲头insert入块(嵌入件)deburring punch压毛边冲子groove punch压线冲子stamped punch字模冲子round punch圆冲子special shape punch异形冲子bending block折刀roller滚轴baffle plate挡块located block定位块supporting block for location定位支承块air cushion plate气垫板air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆trimming punch切边冲子stiffening rib punch = stinger加强筋冲子ribbon punch压筋冲子reel-stretch punch卷圆压平冲子guide plate定位板sliding block滑块sliding dowel block滑块固定块die locker锁模器pressure plate =plate pinch压板thickness gauge厚薄规cutting die, blanking die冲裁模die block模块folded block折弯块sliding block滑块location pin定位销lifting pin顶料销die plate, front board模板padding block垫块stepping bar垫条panel board镶块to load a die装上模具to unload a die 御模具active plate活动板lower sliding plate下滑块板upper holder block上压块upper mid plate上中间板spring box弹簧箱spring-box eject-rod弹簧箱顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套cover plate盖板guide pad导料块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔radius半径shim/wedge/heel/pad/spacer/gasket楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀round pierce punch =die button圆冲子shape punch =die insert异形子stock located block定位块metal plate钣金miller铣床grinder磨床tolerance公差score =groove压线sliding block滑块lathe车active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板capability能力parameter参数factor系数driller钻床set up die架模height of die setting up架模高度analog-mode device类模器inner guiding post内导柱inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉dowel pin固定销coil spring弹簧lifter pin顶料销eq-height sleeves =spool等高套筒pin销lifter guide pin浮升导料销guide pin导正销wire spring圆线弹簧outer guiding post外导柱stop screw止付螺丝located pin定位销outer bush外导套press specification冲床规格die height闭模高度flow mark流痕welding mark溶合痕post screw insert螺纹套筒埋值self tapping screw自攻螺丝stripper plate脱料板piston活塞handle mold手持式模具flash mold溢流式模具positive mold挤压式模具split mold分割式模具die lifter举模器top stop上死点bottom stop下死点one stroke一行程to continue, cont.连动to grip(material)吸料location lump, locating piece,location block定位块reset复位to file burr 锉毛刺embedded lump |in'bed| |l mp|镶块stamping-missing漏冲to tight a bolt拧紧螺栓to loosen a bolt拧松螺栓punched hole冲孔to cut edge =side cut =side scrap切边to bending折弯to pull, to stretch拉伸engraving, to engrave刻印stamping 油印to stake铆合designing, to design设计design modification设计修改成gauge(or jig)治具pedal踩踏板stopper阻挡器flow board流水板torque扭矩spline =the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化alloy合金tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的forming成型(抽凸,冲凸)draw hole抽孔bending折弯emboss凸点dome凸圆semi-shearing半剪stamp mark冲记号deburr or coin压毛边punch riveting冲压铆合side stretch侧冲压平reel stretch卷圆压平groove压线stamp letter冲字(料号)tick-mark nearside正面压印tick-mark farside反面压印extension DWG展开图procedure DWG工程图die structure DWG模具结构图冲压类punch, press冲punching machine 冲床hydraulic machine油压机jack升降机decoiler整平机manufacture management制造管理stamping, press冲压feeder送料机rack, shelf, stack料架taker取料机to reverse material 翻料to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |'skræpid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削 robot 机械手 production line 流水线 packaging tool 打包机packaging 打包成型类well type 蓄料井insulated runner 绝缘浇道方式 hot runner 热浇道 runner plat 浇道模块 valve gate 阀门浇口 band heater 环带状的电热器 spindle 阀针 spear head 刨尖头 slag well 冷料井 cold slag 冷料渣 air vent 排气道 welding line 熔合痕 eject pin 顶出针 knock pin 顶出销 return pin 回位销反顶针 sleeve 套筒 stripper plate 脱料板 insert core 放置入子runner stripper plate 浇道脱料板 guide pin 导销eject rod (bar)（成型机）顶业捧 subzero 深冷处理 three plate 三极式模具 runner system 浇道系统 stress crack 应力电裂 orientation 定向sprue gate 射料浇口，直浇口 nozzle 射嘴sprue lock pin 料头钩销(拉料杆) slag well 冷料井 side gate 侧浇口 edge gate 侧缘浇口 tab gate 搭接浇口 film gate 薄膜浇口 flash gate 闸门浇口 slit gate 缝隙浇口 fan gate 扇形浇口 dish gate 因盘形浇口 diaphragm gate 隔膜浇口 ring gate 环形浇口 submarine gate 潜入式浇口 tunnel gate 隧道式浇口pin gate 针点浇口 runner less 无浇道 sprue less 无射料管方式 long nozzle 延长喷嘴方式 spur 浇口;溶 waste 废料 board 广告牌 sliding rack 滑料架 to impose lines 压线to compress, compressing 压缩 character die 字模 to feed, feeding 送料 material change, stock change 材料变更feature change 特性变更prepare for, make preparations for准备rotating speed, revolution 转速 abnormal handling 异常处理组装类Assembly line 组装线 Layout 布置图Conveyer 流水线运输带 Rivet machine 拉钉机 Rivet gun 拉钉枪 Screw driver 起子Electric screw driver 电动起子 Hydraulic machine 液压机 Pn e automation 自动化to stake, staking, riveting 铆合 add lubricant oil 加润滑油 argon welding 氩焊 cylinder 油缸 robot 机械手 conveying belt 输送带 transmission rack 输送架 to draw holes 抽孔 bolt 螺栓 nut 螺母 screw 螺丝identification tag 标示单screwdriver plug 起子插座 automatic screwdriver 电动启子 to move, to carry, to handle 搬运 be put in storage 入库 packing 包装staker = riveting machine 铆合机 fit together 组装在一起 fasten 锁紧(螺丝) fixture 夹具(治具) pallet/skid 栈板 barcode 条形码barcode scanner条形码扫描仪fuse together熔合fuse machine/heat stake热熔机processing, to process加工delivery, to deliver 交货to return delivery to. to senddeliverybacktoreturnofgoodeasily damaged parts易损件standard parts标准件to lubricate润滑spring 弹簧spare tools location/buffer手工备品仓spare molds location模具备品仓tox machine自铆机烤漆类phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉organic solvent有机溶剂demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料volatile挥发性degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmot剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔scraped products报放品disposed products处理品dismantle the die折模auxiliary function辅助功能heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response =reaction =interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线grit沙砾granule =pellet =grain细粒sand blasting喷沙grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲fillet镶;嵌边roller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴品质类qualified products, up-to-grade products良品defective products, notup-to-grade products不良品defective product box不良品箱poor processing 制程不良poor incoming part来件不良exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露excessive defect过多的缺陷critical defect极严重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷not up to standard不合规格cosmetic defect外观不良lack of painting烤漆不到位slipped screw head/slipperyslipped thread滑丝missing part漏件wrong part错件oxidation氧化defective threading抽芽不良poor staking铆合不良deficient purchase来料不良deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良cosmetic inspection外观检查inner parts inspection内部检查blister 气泡angular offset 角度偏差dent 压痕scratch 刮伤deformation 变形filings 铁削defective label 不良标签abrasion 磨损Breaking. (be)broken,(be)cracked断裂short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕疪shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delaminating起鳞speckle斑点mildewed =moldy = mouldy发霉deformation变形burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边poor staking铆合不良excessive gap间隙过大grease/oil stains油污inclusion杂质shrinking/shrinkage缩水mixed color杂色fold of packaging belt打包带折皱painting make-up补漆discoloration羿色water spots水渍impurity 杂质Mismatch 错位failure, trouble 故障deformation 变形rust 生锈peel 脱漆Shrink 缩水Contamination 脏污water spots 水渍Gap 间隙label error 标签错误Missing label 漏贴rejection criteria 拒收标准Suspected rejects 可疑庇abrasion 损伤、磨损Texture surface 印花纹表面Streak 条纹stains 污点Blotch 斑点discoloration 脱色Inclusion 杂质slug mark 压痕dirt grime 灰尘blush 毛边薄膜sink 下凹Hickey 漏漆labels and logos 贴纸与商标Configuration labels 组合贴纸corrugated container 瓦摆纸箱Delaminating 脱层splattering 散点Gouge 锉孔puckering 折痕。
焊接专业英语词汇大全
焊接专业英语词汇大全acetylene 乙炔ampere 电流安培angle welding 角焊arc 电弧argon arc welding 氩弧焊接bare electrode 光熔接条butt welding 对接焊接camber 电弧弯曲cascade 阶叠熔接法clad weld 被覆熔接crator 焊疤excess metal 多余金属filler rod 焊条fillet weld 填角焊接gas shield 气体遮蔽groove welding 起槽熔接hand face shield 手握面罩hard facing 硬表面堆焊jig welding 工模焊接laser beam welding 雷射光焊接metal electrode insert gas welding MIG熔接nugget 点焊熔核overlaying 堆焊peening of welding 珠击熔接法plug welding 塞孔熔接positioned welding 正向熔接pressure welding 压焊propane gas cutting 丙烷气切割pure nickel electrode 纯镍熔接条reinforcement of weld 加强焊接resist 抗蚀护膜root running 背面熔接seam 焊缝seaming 接合seam welding 流缝熔接series seam welding 串联缝熔接skip welding process 跳焊法spark 火花spot welding 点焊接stitch welding 针角焊接stud arc welding 电弧焊接under laying 下部焊层void 焊接空隙weld flow mark 焊接流痕weld flush 焊缝凸起weld line 焊接纹weld mark 焊接痕weld penetration 熔接透入weld zone 焊接区welding 焊接welding bead 焊接泡welding direction 焊接方向welding distortion 焊接变形welding flux 焊剂welding ground 电熔接地welding interval 焊接周期welding stress 熔接应变welding torch 熔接气炬welding electrode productionline 电焊条生产线welding electrode 焊条welding fixture 焊接夹具welding generator 电焊机welding goggles 焊工护目镜welding gun 焊枪welding helmet 电焊帽welding inspection ruler 焊接检验尺welding machine 焊接机welding mill 焊管机welding motor generator 电动焊接发电机welding nozzle 焊嘴welding paste 焊接药膏welding pipe 焊接管welding powder 焊粉welding rectifier 焊接整流器welding robot 焊接机器人welding rod extrusion press 焊条挤压机welding rod with acidic coating 酸性焊条welding rod with alkaline coating 碱性焊条welding rod 焊条welding simulator 焊接模拟器welding stainless electrode 不锈电焊条welding steel tube 焊接钢管welding tin billet 焊锡棒料welding tongs 焊接夹钳welding torch 焊炬welding transformer 电焊变压器welding unit 焊机welding wire machine 焊线机welding wire 焊丝welding-cutting hose 熔焊及切割胶管welding-cutting tool 焊割具welding-rod core 焊条芯welding-seam cleaner 焊缝清理机weldless pipe 无缝管weldless steel tube 无缝钢管well borer 凿井机well counter 井式计数器well deck vessel 井形甲板船well drill 钻井机well platform 钻井平台well rig 钻井机well testing truck 试井车well thermometer 井温计well tube filter 井管滤管well type tempering electric furnace 井式回火电炉well winch 矿井绞车well-logging probe 测井探头well-type counter 井型计数器Wella Balsam Conditioner 威娜宝护发素Wella Balsam shampoo 威娜宝香波Wellene 韦纶聚酯短纤维wellhead acid preventer 井口防酸器wellington 惠灵顿防雨呢Wellingtons 长筒皮靴Welltite 韦纶泰特聚丙烯和聚乙烯单丝Welsbach's alloy 韦尔斯巴赫发火合金Welsh flannel 威尔士法兰绒Welsh wool 威尔士粗羊毛welsh-onion stalk 葱白welsh-onion 葱welt cementing machine 贴边粘合机welt coloring machine 贴边染色机welt cutting machine 切沿条机welt fitting machine 贴边机welt footwear 加贴边的鞋welter screen 翻滚筛welter 镶边机Wepsin 三唑磷胺Werlisa 威里沙牌照相机Werner 维尔纳牌手表weskit 紧身背心Wessel silver 韦塞尔铜镍锌合金West cigarette 威狮牌香烟West ginseng 西洋参West Lake Dragon Well tea 西湖龙井茶West Lake silk umbrella 西湖绸伞West Lake silk 西湖丝绸West Lake water shield 西湖莼菜Westeeco 韦斯蒂科镍铬铁耐热合金Western king prawn 宽沟对虾Western saddle pants 西式马裤Western sand cherry 沙樱桃Western shirt 西式衬衫western style bed sheet 西式床单Western style hat 西式呢帽Western style pajamas 西式睡衣裤Western style pants 西裤Western style shirt 西式衬衫Western style shirt-waist blouse 西式衬衫上衣Western style suit 西服western tie 西式领带Western wool 美国西部羊毛Western-made shirt in plaid gingham 长方格贞咸布西式衬衫Westinghouse alloy 西屋镍铜热磁补偿合金wet spinning frame 湿纺细纱机wet air compressor 湿空气压缩机wet air pump 湿空气泵wet and dry bulb hygrometer 干湿球湿度计wet and dry bulb recording hygrometer 干湿球自记湿度计wet and dry bulb thermometer 干湿球温度计wet ball mill 湿式球磨机wet blue goat leather 山羊蓝湿革wet blue goat skin 蓝湿山羊皮wet board machine 湿式纸板机wet brush 湿刷wet chrome goat skin 铬湿山羊皮wet cleaner 湿法清洗器wet cloth 湿光布wet clutch 湿式离合器wet collector 湿式除尘器wet condenser 湿式冷凝器wet crude 含水原油wet crushing mill 湿粉碎机wet cylinder liner 湿式气缸套wet drill 湿式风钻wet dust collector 湿式收尘器wet dust separator 湿式除尘器wet electro-magnet 湿式电磁铁wet electrolytic capacitor 电解液电容器wet feeder 湿式给料机wet fiber filter 湿式纤维过滤器wet filter 湿式过滤器wet fourdrinier board machine 长网湿抄机wet frame 湿纺机wet furfural condenser 含水糖醛冷凝器wet gas meter 湿式气量计wet gas scrubber 湿法气体洗涤质量合格证书certification of fitness 原材料rawmaterial底板bottom plate垫层cushion侧壁sidewall中心线center line 条形基础strip footing附件accessories型钢profile steel钢板steel plate熔渣slag飞溅welding spatter定位焊tacking引弧generating of arc熄弧quenching of arc焊道welding bead坡口beveled edges外观检查visual inspection重皮doubleskin水平方向弧度radian in horizontal direction成型molding直线度straightness accuracy焊缝角变形welding line angular distortion水平度levelness铅垂度verticality翘曲变形buckling deformation角尺angle square对接焊缝butt weld母材parent metal法兰密封面flange sealing surface 夹层interlayer表面锈蚀浓度surface corrosion concentration挠曲变bending deformation超声波探伤ultrasonic testing/ ultrasonic examination压力容器pressure vessel预制下料prefabrication baiting排版直径set-type diameter焊缝welding line中幅板? center plate测量方法measuring method基准点datum mark跳焊skip welding允许偏差allowable variation补强板stiffening plate开孔tapping对接接头banjo fixing butt jointing角钢angle iron安装基准圆installation fundamental circle吊装立柱hoisting upright column焊接钢管welded steel pipe向心斜拉筋centripetal canting pull rope带板band plate槽钢胀圈channel steel expansion ring环口collar extension局部变形local distortion环缝circumferential weld顶板top plate拱顶vault顶板加强肋stiffening rib对接butt joint胎具clamping fixture卷板机plate bending rolls中心支架center bearing bracket椭圆度ovality等分线bisectrix搭接宽度lap width点焊spot welding搭接焊overlap welding对称：symmetrically螺旋爬梯cockle stairs放料阀baiting valve液位计content gauge充水试验filling water test错边量unfitness of butt joint底圈foundation ring真空度检漏vacuum degree leak test 丁字焊缝tee welding渗透探伤oil whiting test充水试验filling water test内侧角焊缝接头interior angle welding line jointfoundation settlement 基础沉降测量基准点datum mark?稳定性试验stability test排气阀outlet valve角钢angle steel 构件component part机械损伤mechanical damage缩孔shrinkage cavityenfoldment 折迭碳钢管carbon steel tube公称直径nominal diameter预埋件embedded part轴测图axonometric drawing布置图arrangement diagram氧乙炔气割oxyacetylene gas cutting 低合金钢管low alloy steel热影响区heat affected area修磨polish砂轮片grinding wheel等离子plasma panel重皮coldlap凹凸unevenness缩口necking down端面head face倾斜偏差dip deviation外径external diameter砂轮grinding wheel管件pipe casting单线图single line drawing平齐parallel and level两端two terminals满扣buckle螺栓紧固bolton周边periphery附加应力additional stress同轴度axiality平行度parallelism随机stochastic允许偏差allowable variation重直度verticality水平度levelness隔离盲板blind plate氩弧焊argon arc welding压盖螺栓gland bolt间距spacing有效期period of validity担任take charge of ;undertake焊条welding rod碳钢焊条carbon steel焊丝welding wire熔化焊melting钢丝steel wire气体保护焊gas shielded arc welding烘干drying清洗ablution制度system焊接工艺welding procedure相应corresponding手工电弧焊manual electric arc welding手工钨极manual tungsten electrode打底render电源power source交流alternating current焊件weldment管壁厚度pipe thickness对接焊缝butt weld工件壁厚workpiece飞溅物splash沾污smirch油污oil stain细锉smooth file铣刀milling cutter氧化膜oxide film脱脂处理ungrease treatment] 棉质纤维cotton fibre丙酮acetone硫sulfur焊剂welding flux钢板steel plate纵向焊缝longitudinal weld longitudinal seam筒节shell ring封头end socket卷管reelpipe强度试验strength test起弧arc starting穿堂风draught熔合fusion反面reverse side整体integral封堵block up 焊口weld bond医用胶布medical proof fabric高频high frequency焊炬welding torch送气air supplyAW——ARC WELDING——电弧焊AHW——atomic hydrogen welding——原子氢焊BMAW——bare metal arc welding——无保护金属丝电弧焊CAW——carbon arc welding——碳弧焊CAW-G——gas carbon arc welding——气保护碳弧焊CAW-S——shielded carbon arc welding——有保护碳弧焊CAW-T——twin carbon arc welding——双碳极间电弧焊EGW——electrogas welding——气电立焊FCAW——flux cored arc welding——药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW-G——gas-shielded flux cored arc welding——气保护药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW-S——self-shielded flux cored arc welding——自保护药芯焊丝电弧焊GMAW——gas metal arc welding——熔化极气体保护电弧焊GMAW-P——pulsed arc——熔化极气体保护脉冲电弧焊GMAW-S——short circuiting arc——熔化极气体保护短路过度电弧焊GTAW——gas tungsten arc welding——钨极气体保护电弧焊GTAW-P——pulsed arc——钨极气体保护脉冲电弧焊MIAW——magnetically impelled arc welding——磁推力电弧焊PAW——plasma arc welding——等离子弧焊SMAW——shielded metal arc welding——焊条电弧焊SW——stud arc welding——螺栓电弧焊SAW——submerged arc welding——埋弧焊SAW-S——series——横列双丝埋弧焊RW——RWSISTANCE WELDING——电阻焊FW——flash welding——闪光焊RW-PC——pressure controlled resistance welding——压力控制电阻焊PW——projection welding——凸焊RSEW——resistance seam welding——电阻缝焊RSEW-HF——high-frequency seam welding——高频电阻缝焊RSEW-I——induction seam welding——感应电阻缝焊RSEW-MS——mash seam welding——压平缝焊RSW——resistance spot welding——点焊UW——upset welding——电阻对焊UW-HF——high-frequency ——高频电阻对焊UW-I——induction——感应电阻对焊SSW——SOLID STATE WELDING——固态焊CEW——co-extrusion welding——CW——cold welding——冷压焊DFW——diffusion welding——扩散焊HIPW——hot isostatic pressure diffusion welding——热等静压扩散焊EXW——explosion welding——爆炸焊FOW——forge welding——锻焊FRW——friction welding——摩擦焊FRW-DD——direct drive friction welding——径向摩擦焊FSW——friction stir welding——搅拌摩擦焊FRW-I——inertia friction welding——惯性摩擦焊HPW——hot pressure welding——热压焊ROW——roll welding——热轧焊USW——ultrasonic welding——超声波焊S——SOLDERING——软钎焊DS——dip soldering——浸沾钎焊FS——furnace soldering——炉中钎焊IS——induction soldering——感应钎焊IRS——infrared soldering——红外钎焊INS——iron soldering——烙铁钎焊RS——resistance soldering——电阻钎焊TS——torch soldering——火焰钎焊UUS——ultrasonic soldering——超声波钎焊WS——wave soldering——波峰钎焊B——BRAZING——软钎焊BB——block brazing——块钎焊DFB——diffusion brazing——扩散焊DB——dip brazing——浸沾钎焊EXB——exothermic brazing——反应钎焊FB——furnace brazing——炉中钎焊IB——induction brazing——感应钎焊IRB——infrared brazing——红外钎焊RB——resistance brazing——电阻钎焊TB——torch brazing——火焰钎焊TCAB——twin carbon arc brazing——双碳弧钎焊OFW——OXYFUEL GAS WELDING——气焊AAW——air-acetylene welding——空气乙炔焊OAW——oxy-acetylene welding——氧乙炔焊OHW——oxy-hydrogen welding——氢氧焊PGW——pressure gas welding——气压焊OTHER WELDING AND JOINING——其他焊接与连接方法AB——adhesive bonding——粘接BW——braze welding——钎接焊ABW——arc braze welding——电弧钎焊CABW——carbon arc braze welding——碳弧钎焊EBBW——electron beam braze welding——电子束钎焊EXBW——exothermic braze welding——热反应钎焊FLB——flow brazing——波峰钎焊FLOW——flow welding——波峰焊LBBW——laser beam braze welding——激光钎焊EBW——electron beam welding——电子束焊EBW-HV——high vacuum——高真空电子束焊EBW-MV——medium vacuum——中真空电子束焊EBW-NV——non vacuum——非真空电子束焊ESW——electroslag welding——电渣焊ESW-CG——consumable guide eletroslag welding——熔嘴电渣焊IW——induction welding——感应焊LBW——laser beam welding——激光焊PEW——percussion welding——冲击电阻焊TW——thermit welding——热剂焊THSP——THERMAL SPRAYING——热喷涂ASP——arc spraying——电弧喷涂FLSP——flame spraying——火焰喷涂FLSP-W——wire flame spraying——丝材火焰喷涂HVOF——high velocity oxyfuel spraying——高速氧燃气喷涂PSP——plasma spraying——等离子喷涂VPSP-W——vacuum plasma spraying——真空等离子喷涂TC——THERMAL CUTTING——热切割OC——OXYGEN CUTTING——气割OC-F——flux cutting——熔剂切割OC-P——metal powder cutting——金属熔剂切割OFC——oxyfuel gas cutting——氧燃气切割CFC-A——oxyacetylene cutting——氧乙炔切割CFC-H——oxyhydrogen cutting——氢氧切割CFC-N——oxynatural gas cutting——氧天然气切割CFC-P——oxypropanne cutting——氧丙酮切割OAC——oxygen arc cutting——氧气电弧切割OG——oxygen gouging——气刨OLC——oxygen lance cutting——氧矛切割AC——ARC CUTTING——电弧切割CAC——carbon arc cutting——碳弧切割CAC-A——air carbon arc cutting——空气碳弧切割GMAC——gas metal arc cutting——熔化极气体保护电弧切割GTAC——gas tungsten arc cutting——钨极气体保护电弧切割PAC——plasma arc cutting——等离子弧切割SMAC——shielded metal arc cutting——焊条电弧切割HIGH ENERGY BEAM CUTTING——高能束切割EBC——electron beam cutting——电子束切割LBC——laser beam cutting——激光切割LBC-A——air——空气激光切割LBC-EV——evaporative——蒸气激光切割LBC-IG——inert gas——惰性气体激光切割LBC-O——oxygen——氧气激光切割焊接专业英语词汇（焊接结构及工装）焊接结构welded structure/ welded construction焊件weldment焊接部件weld assembly组装件built-up member接头设计joint design焊接应力welding stress焊接瞬时应力transient welding stress焊接残余应力welding residual stress 热应力thermal stress收缩应力contraction stress局部应力local stress拘束应力constraint stress固有应力inherent stress固有应变区inherent strain zone残余应力测定residual stress analysis 逐层切割法Sach’s methodX射线衍射法X-ray stress analysis小孔释放法Mathar method固有应变法inherent strain method 消除应力stress relieving局部消除应力local stress relieving应力重分布stress redistribution退火消除应力stress relieving by annealing温差拉伸消除应力low temperature stress relieving机械拉伸消除应力mechanical stress relieving应力松弛stress relaxation焊接变形welding deformation 焊接残余变形welding residual deformation局部变形local deformation角变形angular distortion自由变形free deformation收缩变形contraction deformation错边变形mismatching deformation 挠曲变形deflection deformation波浪变形wave-like deformation火焰矫正flame straightening反变形backward deformation焊接力学welding mechanics断裂力学fracture mechanics弹塑性断裂变形elasto-plastic fracture mechanics线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics延性断裂ductile fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture应力腐蚀开裂stress corrosion cracking热应变脆化hot straining embrittlement临界裂纹尺寸critical crack size裂纹扩展速率crack propagation rate 裂纹张开位移（COD）crack opening displacement拘束度restraint intensity拘束系数restraint coefficient应变速率strain rate断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factor 临界应力强度因子critical stress intensity factors罗伯逊止裂试验Robertson crack arrest testESSO试验ESSO test双重拉伸试验doucle tension test韦尔斯宽板拉伸试验Well’s wide plate test帕瑞斯公式Paris formula断裂分析图fracture analysis diagram 焊接车间welding shop焊接工作间welding booth焊接工位welding post/ welding station焊工welder电焊工manual arc welder气焊工gas welder焊接检验员weld inspector焊工培训welders training焊工模拟训练器trainer of synthetic weld焊工考试welder qualification test焊工合格证welder qualification/ welder qualified certification钢板预处理steel plate pretreatment 喷沙sand blast喷丸shot blast矫正straighten开坡口bevelling (of the edge)/ chanfering装配assembly/ fitting安装erect刚性固定rigid fixing装配焊接顺序sequence of fitting and welding焊接工艺评定welding procedure qualification焊接工艺规程welding procedure specification焊接工艺试验welding procedure test 焊接工艺卡welding procedure card 工序operational sequence焊接材料消耗定额welding consumables quota焊接工时定额welder-hour quota清渣slag removal清根back gouging/ back chipping锤击peening返修次数number of rewelding焊接工作台welding bench装焊平台welding platen电磁平台electromagnetic platen焊接翻转机welding tilter焊接变位机positioner焊接滚轮架turning rolls焊接操作机manpulator 焊工升降台welder’s lifting platform 焊接夹具welding jig/ fixture磁力夹紧器magnetic jig螺旋推撑器screw operated tensioning unit焊丝盘绕机welding wire coiler焊条压涂机welding electrode extrusion press红外线加热器infra-red heater干燥箱dryer焊条保温筒thermostat for electrode 流量计flow meterCO2预热器CO2 heaterCO2干燥器CO2 desiccator焊接电缆welding cable电缆夹头welding connector地线earth lead地线夹头earth clamp焊接参数记录仪welding parameter recorder焊缝检测规weld gauge喷嘴通针tip cleaner测温笔tempil stick敲渣锤chipping hammer焊接衬垫backing/ welding backing 保留垫板fusible backing/ permanent backing临时垫板temporary backing焊剂垫flux backing惰性气体衬垫inert-gas backing引弧板run-on tab/ end tab/ starting weld tab引出板run-off tab/ end tab定位板strong-back加强勒stiffener嵌条insert套环ferrule面罩helmet滤光镜片filter glass/ welding glass 防护镜片cover glass/ plain glass气焊眼镜welding goggles焊接机器人welding robot点焊机器人spot welding robot弧焊机器人arc welding robot切割机器人cutting robot焊接机器人工作站welding robot station机器人运动自由degree of free for robot机器人工作空间robot working space 轨迹重复精度path repeatability点位重复精度PTP repeatability焊接专家系统welding expert system 焊接机器人示数welding robot play back焊接图象识别pattern recognition for welding焊接图象处理welding image processing计算机辅助焊接工艺设计computer-aided welding process programming (CAWPP)计算机辅助焊接结构设计computer-aided design for welding structure焊接专业英语词汇（焊接卫生与安全）焊接烟尘weld fume焊接发尘量total amount of fumes焊接烟尘浓度weld fume concentration焊接烟尘容限浓度threshold limit values of weld fume (TLV)焊接发尘速率weld fume emission rate焊接有害气体welding toxic gases/ weld harmful gases标定卫生空气需要量nominal hygienic air requirement焊工尘肺pheumocomsis of welder 焊工锰中毒chronic occupational manganese poisoning of welder焊工氟中毒fluorosis of welder焊工金属烟热metal fume fever of welder电光性眼炎eye-flash (arc eye) 电光性皮炎electro-photo dermatitis 电弧紫外线灼伤ultraviolet ray burn 防电击装置voltage reducing device 除尘装置dust collection device焊工手套welding gloves护脚welding spats防护鞋shielding shoes焊接专业英语词汇（焊接欠缺与检验）焊接欠缺焊接欠缺welding imperfection焊接缺陷weld defect气孔blowhole/ gas pore针尖状气孔pinhole密集气孔porosity条虫状气孔wormhole裂纹crack表面裂纹surface crack咬边undercut焊瘤overlap凹坑pit烧穿burn through塌陷excessive penetration未焊透incomplete penetration/ lack of penetration未熔合lack of fusion/ incomplete fusion未焊满incompletely filled weld根部凹陷root concavity电弧擦伤arc scratch夹渣slag inclusion夹杂物inclusion夹钨tungsten inclusion白点fish eye/ flake错边misalignment/ dislocation焊接检验试件test piece试样test specimen无损检验nondestructive test破坏检验destructive test外观检查visual examination超声波探伤ultrasonic inspection直射法超声波探伤straight beam method斜射法超声波探伤angle beam method液浸法超声波探伤immersion method 射线探伤radiographic inspection/ radiographyX射线探伤X-ray radiographic inspectionγ射线探伤gamma-ray inspectionX射线工业电视探伤X-ray industrial television inspection磁粉探伤magnetic particle inspection 电磁探伤electromagnetic inspection/ eddy current test探伤灵敏度flaw detection sensitivity 渗透探伤penetration inspection荧光探伤flurescent penetrant inspection着色探伤dye penetrant inspection密封性检验leak test气密性检验air tight test枕形气密检验pillow test耐压检验pressure test水压检验hydraulic test气压检验pneumatic test液晶检验liquid crystal test声发射检测acoustic emission testing 面弯试验face bend testing背弯试验root bend test侧弯试验side bend test横弯试验horizontal bend test纵弯试验axial bend test压扁试验squeezing test焊接专业英语词汇（气焊、热剂焊、水下焊）气焊gas welding氧乙炔焊oxy-acetylene welding氢氧焊oxy-hydrogen welding空气乙炔焊air-acetylene welding氧乙炔焊oxy-acetylene flame氢氧焰oxy-hydrogen flame氧煤气焰oxy-coal gas flame焊接火焰welding flame混合比mixing ratio混合气体可燃范围inflammable limit of the gaseous一次燃烧primary combustion二次燃烧secondary combustion燃烧速度combustion rate燃烧强度combustion intensity火焰热效率flame heating efficiency 焰芯inner cone; flame cone内焰internal flame外焰flame envelope中性焰neutral flame氧化焰oxidizing flame碳化焰carburizing flame回火flashback逆火backfire回烧flashback气体发生速度gasification speed焊炬torch; blow pipe等压式焊炬balanced pressure torch 射吸式焊炬injector torch氧乙炔焊炬oxy-acetylene torch焊割两用炬combined cutting and welding torch混合室mixing chamber喷射器injector焊嘴welding nozzle; welding tip液氧气化器oxygen evaporator气瓶gas cylinder乙炔瓶acetylene cylinder阀罩cylinder cap气瓶阀cylinder valve汇流排cylinder manifold减压器pressure regulator; gasregulator单级减压器single stage regulator两级减压器two stage regulator回火防止器flashback arrestor干式回火防止器dry flashback arrestor水封式回火防止器water-closing type arrestor净化器purifier乙炔发生器acetylene generator低压乙炔发生器low pressure acetylene generator热剂补焊thermit repair welding钢轨热剂焊thermit rail welding热剂thermit powder热剂钢水thermit steel热剂反应thermit reaction热剂溶渣thermit slag热剂铸模thermit mold; mold for thermit weld热剂坩埚thermit crucible焊筋collar水下焊underwater welding水下气体保护电弧焊underwater gas shielded arc welding水下等离子弧焊underwater plasma arc welding温式水下焊wet method underwater welding干式水下焊dry method underwater welding局部干式水下焊local dry underwater welding水帘局部干式水下焊water curtain type dry underwater welding焊接专业英语词汇（热喷涂与热切割）热喷涂thermal spraying火焰喷涂flame spraying电弧喷涂electric arc spraying等离子喷涂plasma spraying高频感应喷涂high frequency spraying金属喷涂metal spraying; metallizing 塑料喷涂plastic spraying陶瓷喷涂ceramic spraying喷熔spray-fusing表面粗糙化处理surface roughening 电火花拉毛electrospark roughening 抛锚效应anchoring喷涂层spray-fused coating喷熔层spray-fused coating结合层bond coating; under coating 工作层work coating结合强度adhesive strength涂层强度strength of coating封孔处理sealing封孔剂sealant喷涂率spray rate沉积效率deposition efficiency孔隙率porosity喷涂材料spraying material自熔剂合金粉末self-fluxing alloy powder喷炬（枪）spray torch;2．热切割热切割thermal cutting (TC)气割gas cutting; oxygen cutting氧溶剂切割powder cutting氧-石英砂切割quartz powder cutting电弧切割arc cutting氧气电弧切割oxy-arc cutting空气电弧切割air arc cutting等离子弧切割plasma arc cutting (PAC)空气等离子弧切割air plasma arc cutting氧等离子切割oxygen plasma arc cutting水再压缩空气等离子弧切割air plasma water injection arc cutting双层气流等离子弧切割dual gas plasma arc cutting; shielded gas plasma arc cutting激光切割laser cutting(LC); laser beam cutting电子束切割electron beam cutting喷气激光切割gas jet laser cutting碳弧切割carbon arc cutting水下切割underwater cutting喷水式水下电弧切割waterjet method underwater arc cutting氧矛切割oxygen lancing; oxygen lance cutting溶剂氧切割powder lancing手工气割manual oxygen cutting自动气割automatic oxygen cutting 仿形切割shape cutting数控切割NC (numerical-control) cutting快速切割high-speed cutting垂直切割square cut叠板切割stack cutting坡口切割beveling; bevel cutting碳弧气割carbon arc air gouging火焰气刨flame gouging火焰表面清理scarfing如需转载，请注明来自：FanE『翻译中国』http;//氧熔剂表面修整powder washing预热火焰preheat flame预热氧preheat oxygen切割氧cutting oxygen/ cutting stream切割速度cutting speed切割线lone of cut/ cut line切割面face of cut/ cut face切口kerf切口上缘cutting shoulder切口宽度kerf width后拖量drag切割面平面度evenness of cutting surface/ planeness of cutting surface 割纹深度depth of cutting veins/ stria depth切割面质量quality of cut face上缘熔化度shoulder meltability/ melting degree of shoulder切口角kerf angle缺口notch挂渣adhering slag 结瘤dross割炬cutting torch/ cutting blowpipe/ oxygen-fuel gas cutting torch割枪cutting gun割嘴cutting nozzle/ cutting tip快速割嘴divergent nozzle/high-speed nozzle表面割炬gouging blowpipe水下割炬under-water cutting blowpipe水下割条electrode for under-water cutting粉剂罐powder dispenser数控切割机NC cutting machine门式切割机flame planer光电跟踪切割机photo-electric tracing cutting火焰切管机pipe flame cutting machine磁轮式气割机gas cutting machine with magnetic wheels dao。
力学专业英语词汇翻译
力学专业英语词汇翻译牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics固体力学solid mechanics一般力学general mechanics应用力学applied mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics材料力学materials mechanics结构力学structural mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation作用--角度变量action-angle variables泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability倾覆力矩capsizing moment拉力tensile force正应力normal stress切应力shear stress静水压力hydrostatic pressure集中力concentrated force分布力distributed force线性应力应变关系linear relationship between stress and strain 弹性模量modulus of elasticity横向力lateral force transverse force轴向力axial force拉应力tensile stress压应力compressive stress平衡方程equilibrium equation静力学方程equations of static比例极限proportional limit应力应变曲线stress-strain curve拉伸实验tensile test‘屈服应力yield stress极限应力ultimate stress轴shaft梁beam纯剪切pure shear横截面积cross-sectional area挠度曲线deflection curve曲率半径radius of curvature曲率半径的倒数reciprocal of radius of curvature纵轴longitudinal axis悬臂梁cantilever beam简支梁simply supported beam微分方程differential equation惯性矩moment of inertia静矩static moment扭矩torque moment弯矩bending moment弯矩对x的导数derivative of bending moment with respect to x弯矩对x的二阶导数the second derivative of bending moment with respect to x 静定梁statically determinate beam静不定梁statically indeterminate beam相容方程compatibility equation补充方程complementary equation中性轴neutral axis圆截面circular cross section两端作用扭矩twisted by couples at two ends刚体rigid body扭转角twist angle静力等效statically equivalent相互垂直平面mutually perpendicular planes通过截面形心through the centroid of the cross section一端铰支pin support at one end一端固定fixed at one end弯矩图bending moment diagram剪力图shear force diagram剪力突变abrupt change in shear force、旋转和平移rotation and translation虎克定律hook’s law边界条件boundary condition初始位置initial position、力矩面积法moment-area method绕纵轴转动rotate about a longitudinal axis横坐标abscissa扭转刚度torsional rigidity拉伸刚度tensile rigidity剪应力的合力resultant of shear stress正应力的大小magnitude of normal stress脆性破坏brittle fail对称平面symmetry plane刚体的平衡equilibrium of rigid body约束力constraint force重力gravitational force实际作用力actual force三维力系three-dimentional force system合力矩resultant moment标量方程scalar equation、矢量方程vector equation张量方程tensor equation汇交力系cocurrent system of forces任意一点an arbitrary point合矢量resultant vector反作用力reaction force反作用力偶reaction couple转动约束restriction against rotation平动约束restriction against translation运动的趋势tendency of motion绕给定轴转动rotate about a specific axis沿一个方向运动move in a direction控制方程control equation共线力collinear forces平面力系planar force system一束光 a beam of light未知反力unknown reaction forces参考框架frame of reference大小和方向magnitude and direction几何约束geometric restriction刚性连接rigidly connected运动学关系kinematical relations运动的合成superposition of movement固定点fixed point平动的叠加superposition of translation刚体的角速度angular speed of a rigid body质点动力学particle dynamics运动微分方程differential equation of motion 工程实际问题practical engineering problems变化率rate of change动量守恒conservation of linear momentum 定性的描述qualitative description点线dotted line划线dashed line实线solid line矢量积vector product点积dot product极惯性矩polar moment of inertia角速度angular velocity角加速度angular accelerationinfinitesimal amount 无穷小量definite integral 定积分a certain interval of time 某一时间段kinetic energy 动能conservative force 保守力damping force 阻尼力coefficient of damping 阻尼系数free vibration 自由振动periodic disturbance 周期性扰动viscous force 粘性力forced vibration 强迫震动general solution 通解particular solution 特解transient solution 瞬态解steady state solution 稳态解second order partial differential equation 二阶偏微分方程external force 外力internal force 内力stress component 应力分量state of stress 应力状态coordinate axes 坐标系conditions of equilibrium 平衡条件body force 体力continuum mechanics 连续介质力学displacement component 位移分量additional restrictions 附加约束compatibility conditions 相容条件mathematical formulations 数学公式isotropic material 各向同性材料sufficient small 充分小state of strain 应变状态unit matrix 单位矩阵dilatation strain 膨胀应变the first strain invariant 第一应变不变量deviator stress components 应力偏量分量the first invariant of stress tensor 应力张量的第一不变量bulk modulus 体积模量constitutive relations 本构关系linear elastic material 线弹性材料mathematical derivation 数学推导a state of static equilibrium 静力平衡状态Newton‘s first law of motion 牛顿第一运动定律directly proportional to 与……成正比stress concentration factor 应力集中系数state of loading 载荷状态st venant’ principle 圣维南原理uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸cylindrical coordinates 柱坐标buckling of columns 柱的屈曲critical value 临界值stable equilibrium 稳态平衡unstable equilibrium condition 不稳定平衡条件critical load 临界载荷a slender column 细长杆fixed at the lower end 下端固定free at the upper end 上端自由critical buckling load 临界屈曲载荷potential energy 势能fixed at both ends 两端固定hinged at both ends 两端铰支tubular member 管型杆件transverse dimention 横向尺寸stability of column 柱的稳定axial force 轴向力elliptical hole 椭圆孔plane stress 平面应力nominal stress 名义应为principal stress directions 主应力方向axial compression 轴向压缩dynamic loading 动载荷dynamic problem 动力学问题inertia force 惯性力resonance vibration 谐振static states of stress 静态应力dynamic response 动力响应time of contact 接触时间length of wave 波长resonance frequency 谐振频率自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequency缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration 隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction方位角azimuthal angle多体系统multibody system静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method屈曲模态buckling mode线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, EPFM 断裂Fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack损伤力学damage mechanics损伤Damage连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学microscopic damage mechanics损伤区damage zone 疲劳Fatigue低周疲劳low cycle fatigue应力疲劳stress fatigue随机疲劳random fatigue蠕变疲劳creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤fatigue damage疲劳失效fatigue failure疲劳断裂fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹fatigue crack疲劳寿命fatigue life疲劳破坏fatigue rupture疲劳强度fatigue strength交变载荷alternating load交变应力alternating stress应力幅值stress amplitude应变疲劳strain fatigue应力循环stress cycle应力比stress ratio安全寿命safe life过载效应overloading effect循环硬化cyclic hardening循环软化cyclic softening环境效应environmental effect裂纹片crack gage裂纹扩展crack growth, crack Propagation裂纹萌生crack initiation循环比cycle ratio实验应力分析experimental stress Analysis工作[应变]片active[strain] gage基底材料backing material应力计stress gage零[点]飘移zero shift, zero drift应变测量strain measurement应变计strain gage应变指示器strain indicator应变花strain rosette应变灵敏度strain sensitivity机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage直角应变花rectangular rosette引伸仪Extensometer应变遥测telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor横向灵敏度transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计weldable strain gage平衡电桥balanced bridge粘贴式应变计bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage桥路平衡bridge balancing电容应变计capacitance strain gage补偿片compensation technique补偿技术compensation technique基准电桥reference bridge电阻应变计resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计semiconductor strain Gage计算结构力学computational structural mechanics加权残量法weighted residual method有限差分法finite difference method有限[单]元法finite element method配点法point collocation里茨法Ritz method广义变分原理generalized variational Principle最小二乘法least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-Reissner Principle修正变分原理modified variational Principle约束变分原理constrained variational Principle混合法mixed method杂交法hybrid method边界解法boundary solution method有限条法finite strip method半解析法semi-analytical method协调元conforming element非协调元non-conforming element混合元mixed element杂交元hybrid element边界元boundary element强迫边界条件forced boundary condition 自然边界条件natural boundary condition 离散化Discretization离散系统discrete system连续问题continuous problem坐标变换transformation of Coordinates 广义位移generalized displacement广义载荷generalized load广义应变generalized strain广义应力generalized stress界面变量interface variable节点node, nodal point[单]元Element角节点corner node边节点mid-side node内节点internal node无节点变量nodeless variable杆元bar element桁架杆元truss element梁元beam element二维元two-dimensional element一维元one-dimensional element三维元three-dimensional element轴对称元axisymmetric element板元plate element壳元shell element厚板元thick plate element三角形元triangular element四边形元quadrilateral element四面体元tetrahedral element曲线元curved element二次元quadratic element线性元linear element三次元cubic element四次元quartic element等参[数]元isoparametric element单元分析element analysis单元特性element characteristics刚度矩阵stiffness matrix几何矩阵geometric matrix等效节点力equivalent nodal force节点位移nodal displacement节点载荷nodal load位移矢量displacement vector载荷矢量load vector质量矩阵mass matrix集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵damping matrix瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffness Matrices 载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices单元的组集assembly of elements局部坐标系local coordinate system局部坐标local coordinate面积坐标area coordinates体积坐标volume coordinates曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates静凝聚static condensation形状函数shape function试探函数trial function检验函数test function权函数weight function样条函数spline function节点号node number单元号element number带宽band width带状矩阵banded matrix变带状矩阵profile matrix带宽最小化minimization of band width波前法frontal method子空间迭代法subspace iteration method行列式搜索法determinant search method逐步法step-by-step method增量法incremental method初应变initial strain初应力initial stress切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代equilibrium iteration子结构Substructure子结构法substructure technique网格生成mesh generation结构分析程序structural analysis program 前处理pre-processing后处理post-processing网格细化mesh refinement应力光顺stress smoothing组合结构composite structure。
建筑工程常用英文词汇
C o n s t r u c t i o n S i t e建筑工地Apologize for any inconvenience caused during building operation 对施工期间带来的不便表示歉意。
Danger of death. Keep out. 生命危险，严禁入内。
Danger，building site, keep out 工地危险，禁止入内。
Danger，evacuation 危险,请走开Dangerous structure, this bridge is unsafe 危险结构，该桥不安全。
Hot work in progress 正在施工No persons allowed beyond this point 任何人不许越过此处。
Safety footwear.穿安全靴Safety helmets must be worn on this site 此工地必须戴安全帽。
Site entrance, dangerous 工地入口，危险Slow, site entrance 工地入口请慢行This button has been moved for remedial work 该按钮已卸下拿去修理。
This is just for construction personnel 仅供施工人员使用。
This lift is only for construction personal 此电梯仅供施工人员使用。
This work will be completed by the end of this year. Thank you for your patience during the inevitable disruption 此工程于年底完工，感谢你施工期间的宽容大度。
We apologize for any inconvenience caused during this works 对施工期间引起的不便表示歉意。
材料科学专业英语词汇（W）_材料专业英语词汇
wad 锰土；封[匣] 钵土wafer 晶圆wafer alignment 晶圆对准wafer automatic transfer system 晶圆自动传送系统wafer breaking equipment 晶圆劈开设备wafer burn-in 晶圆老化测试wafer burn-in system 晶圆老化测试系统wafer cassette 晶圆输送盒wafer chaner 晶圆更换机wafer cooling stage 晶圆冷却夹片台wafer disk 晶圆圆盘wafer distortion 晶圆变形wafer dose uniformity 晶圆离子注入均质性wafer end 晶圆测试完毕信号wafer frame 晶圆框架wafer frame cassette 晶圆框架输送盒wafer group closing mechanism 晶圆群靠拢机构wafer heating mechanism 晶圆加热机构wafer hoist 晶圆交接升降装置wafer holder 晶圆保持器wafer id 晶圆识别记号wafer leveling 晶圆调平wafer map 晶圆图表wafer mounter 晶圆固定机，晶圆上片机wafer notch chamfering machine 晶圆缺口去角取面机wafer prober 晶圆探测器wafer profile recognition 晶圆外形识别wafer rotation error 晶圆对准旋转误差wafer scanner 晶圆扫描机wafer sheet 晶圆黏胶片wafer sheet hot blow 对晶圆黏胶片吹热风wafer shipping box 晶圆输送盒wafer stage 晶圆载物台wafer stage chuck 晶圆载物吸盘wafer surface inspection 晶圆表面检查wafer table 晶圆固定工作台wafer tape 晶圆黏胶带wafer test/probe test 晶圆测试/探针测试wafer tilt 晶圆倾斜wafer tilting 晶圆倾斜转动wafer twist 晶圆扭转wafer-to -wafer dose uniformity 晶圆间离子值入之均质性wafers 晶片wagner breakdown 华网崩溃walker abrader 华克磨耗仪wall angle 墙壁角wall primer 墙底漆wall tile 壁面砖wall-tile cleaners 墙砖清洁剂wallboard 墙板warp 经纱warp knitting 织经纱warp size 经纱浆料warp sizing 经纱上浆warpage 翘曲warps 经纱war[omg 整经wash primers 耐洗底浆废料wash-and-wear 易洗免烫wash-and-wear fabrics 易洗免烫织物wash-and-wear finishes 易洗免烫尾工wash-mill 洗泥机(泥)washfastness 耐洗度waste 废料waste fluid separator 废液自动分离机waste problems 废料问题waste treatment water 废料处理水waste-heat dryer 余热乾燥室waster 废砖waster absorption 吸水率water canteen 水瓶water cellulose 水纤维water color paints 水彩油漆water conservation 水保持water deionization 水消电离water glass 水玻璃water jet honing machine (塑模溢料)残渣喷水清除机water markwater spot water permeability 透水性water polishing 水抛光water proofing 防水；耐水water repellency 拒水性water repllents 拒水剂water smoking period 烘烤时期；水燻期(陶) water softeners 软水剂water softening 软水法water spot 水斑water stain 水迹(玻)water streak 水纹(搪)water treatment 水处理water-extended polyesters 水稀聚酯water-slurry process 水浆法water-soluble functional coatings 水溶性涂膜water-soluble polyesters 水溶性聚酯water-soluble polymers 水溶性聚体water-vapor permeability 水汽透性waterfall process 淋釉法waterline 水线(搪)watermark 浮水印waterproof clothing 防水布料waterproofing 防水性wather glass 防风雨玻璃wave 波；波纹wave guide 离子波束引导管，导波管wave number 波值wave scanner 波形扫描器waveform measurement function 波形测试功能waveform pattern editor 波形图案编辑器wavelength 波长wax 蜡wax blush 蜡泛白wax modifiers 蜡改性剂wax separator 分蜡机wax set 蜡凝waxless polishing/non wax polishing 不需胶住之晶圆研磨waxy starches 蜡状淀粉weak bonds 弱键weak boundary layers 弱界层weak polyelectrolytes 弱多电解质weak-link scission 弱连切断weapons 武器wear 磨耗wear rating 磨耗品级wear resistance 耐磨度wear resistant steel 耐磨钢weather 气候weather fastness 耐候性weathering 风蚀weaving 编织weaving looms 编织机web 腹板web formation 网层结合webcell dialyzer 网胞渗析器wedge bonder 楔形接合机wedge bonding 楔形接合，楔形压接wedge brick 楔形砖wedge pyrometer 楔形高温计(玻)wedged tool 楔形压接工具wedging 揉泥法wedging table 揉泥台weft knitting 纬织weft knitting machines 纬织机weft yarn 纬纱weibull plot 威伯尔图表weighing feeder 定量饲机(泥)weight determination 重量测定weight distribution 重量分布weight fraction crystallinity 重份结晶度weight-average chain length 重量平均链长weight-average degree of polymerization 重量平均聚合度weight-average molecular weight 重量平均分子量weighting 称重weissenberg rheogoniometer 怀生堡流变测器welding 焊接welding, hot gas 热气焊接wet basis 湿基准wet cleaning equipment 湿式洗涤装置wet coating 湿涂膜wet etching system 湿式蚀刻系统wet extrusion 湿法挤压wet fixation 湿法固定wet granulation 湿法制粒wet layup 湿法叠涂wet milling process 湿磨法wet modulus 湿模数wet pan 湿辗机wet powder honing machine 湿式溢料残渣研磨料喷射清除机wet pressing 湿压wet process 湿法wet spinning 湿纺wet station 湿式洗涤站wet strength 湿劲wet tensile breaking strength 湿法拉断劲wet type resist stripping system 湿式抗蚀剂剥离系统wet wrinkle recovery 湿法退皱wet-end addition 湿端加成wet-strength paper 耐水纸wet-strength resins 湿强树脂wetfastness 耐泡保色性wettability 可湿性wetting agents 润湿剂wetting-off 淬断(玻)wheel guard 磨轮保障罩wheel head 磨轮头wheel spindle 磨轮轴wheel-type blowmolding machine 轮式吹模机wheelabrator 砂粒喷磨机wheeling 拉旋坯wheels 力轮whetstone 磨石whirler 转盘whisker fibers 晶丝纤维whiskers 晶丝whisky 威土忌酒white acid 白酸(玻)white balance 白色平衡处理white cement 白水泥white dextrins 白糊精white glues 白胶white ground coat 白底涂white lead 铅白white rot 白腐瘢white spot 白斑whiteners 发白剂whiteness retention 保白whiteware 白陶瓷品whitewash 刷白料whiting 白垩粉whizzer blade 风轮叶(泥)wicket 窑门；炉口wicking 聚然吸收能量wide-line spectra 宽线光谱wien effect 维恩效应wigs 假发willemite 矽锌矿(从矿)willow blue 柳青winding 绕线winding machines,circular 圆型绕线机winding machines,rectangular 方型绕线机winding methods 绕线法winding patterns 绕线图案window frames 窗框wine 酒winyl 2-bromopelargonate2- 溴壬酸乙烯winyl 2-ethyl hexyl phthalate2- 乙基已酸乙烯winyl 2-phenylbutyrate2- 苯基丁酸乙烯winyl pelargonate 壬酸乙烯wire 线wire and cable 线缆包披wire bobbin 卷线筒wire bonding 连线焊接wire clamp 线夹wire curl 引线变曲，引线卷曲wire cutting 钢丝切坯wire deformation/wire sweep 引线变形/引线弯曲wire feed 馈线wire feed angle 馈线角度wire glass 夹网玻璃wire loop 弧状连接线wire reel 卷线轴wire running method 绕线方式wire sagging 引线垂度wire saw 钢线铝wire tension 引线张力wire tough 引线托触wireless bonding 无接线接合wiring skew 布线失真，布线时项差witherite 碳酸钡矿wollastonite 天然矽酸面wood 木材wood adhesives 胶木wood beam,loaded 载重木梁wood fiberboard 木纤维板wood flour 木粉wood furniture 木制家具wood imitations 假木制品wood particles 木屑wood pulp 木纸浆wood rays, 木断纹wood rosin 木松脂wood,compressed 压成木材wood,green 新伐木wood,resin-impregnated 注胶木材wood,styrene-treated 苯乙烯处理木材wood-graining coatings 木纹涂膜wool 羊毛wool and hair fibers 羊毛毛发纤维wool felts 毛毡wool fibers 毛纤维wool textiles 羊毛织物wool wax 羊毛蜡wool-acrylic blends 羊毛亚克力掺和物wool-dyeing rayon 羊毛染色缧萦wool-nylon blends 羊毛耐隆掺和物wool-polyester blends 羊毛聚酯掺和物wool-water system 羊毛水系统woolwn yarn 毛纱，毛线work clamp 工件夹work damage layer defect 加工层损伤缺陷work head 工作主轴台work holder 工件固定座work holder clamp 工件固定座夹work recovery 退力复旧变梳毛纱work spindle 工作主轴work spindle stock 磨轮轴旋台workability 可加工性(陶)working end 工作端(玻)working life 堪用期working mould 工作模working range 工作[温度]范围worm conveyer 螺[旋]运[送]机worsted yarn 编织物woven felts 织毡wrapping materials 包里物料wright etching 赖特蚀刻wrinkle recovery 旧痕复原wrinkle resistance 耐皱度wrinkling 起皱write error 写入错误write error allowance 写入错误容限write fail 写入失误wyzenbeek test 威士伯试验。
运动损伤专业术语英语
运动损伤专业术语英语Injuries in sports are a common occurrence, and understanding the terminology used to describe them is essential for athletes, coaches, and healthcare professionals. In this essay, we will explore the various types of sports-related injuries and their associated terminology.One of the most common types of sports injuries is a sprain, which is a stretch or tear of a ligament, the tough bands of tissue that connect bones to one another. Sprains are often classified by their severity, with a grade I sprain indicating a mild stretch, a grade II sprain indicating a partial tear, and a grade III sprain indicating a complete tear. The most commonly sprained joints are the ankle, knee, and wrist.Another common injury is a strain, which is a stretch or tear of a muscle or tendon, the tough cords of tissue that connect muscle to bone. Strains can also be classified by their severity, with a grade I strain indicating a mild stretch, a grade II strain indicating a partial tear, and a grade III strain indicating a complete tear. The most commonly strained muscles are the hamstrings, quadriceps, and calf muscles.Fractures, or broken bones, are also a common sports injury. These can range from a simple crack in the bone to a complete break, and can be caused by sudden impact or excessive stress. Fractures are often classified by their location, such as a distal radius fracture (a break in the lower part of the forearm bone) or a tibial plateau fracture (a break in the upper part of the shin bone).Dislocations are another type of sports injury, in which a joint is forced out of its normal position. This can occur in the shoulder, elbow, knee, or other joints, and can be extremely painful and debilitating. Dislocations often require immediate medical attention to reduce the joint and prevent further damage.Concussions are a type of traumatic brain injury that can occur in sports, particularly in contact sports such as football, hockey, and soccer. A concussion is caused by a sudden impact or rapid movement of the head, which can cause the brain to bounce or twist within the skull, leading to a temporary disruption of brain function. Concussions can be difficult to diagnose and can have serious long-term consequences if not properly treated.Overuse injuries are another category of sports-related injuries, which occur due to repetitive stress on a particular body part. These can include tendinitis, bursitis, and stress fractures, and are oftenseen in athletes who participate in high-intensity, high-volume training programs.In addition to these common injuries, there are a number of other sports-related conditions that athletes may experience, such as shin splints, Achilles tendinitis, and patellofemoral pain syndrome. Each of these conditions has its own set of symptoms and treatment approaches, and it is important for athletes and healthcare professionals to be familiar with the terminology used to describe them.Overall, understanding the terminology used to describe sports-related injuries is essential for athletes, coaches, and healthcare professionals to effectively prevent, diagnose, and treat these conditions. By becoming familiar with the various types of injuries and their associated terminology, individuals can better recognize and address these issues, ultimately improving the health and performance of athletes.。
塑料造成危害和解决方法的英语作文
塑料造成危害和解决方法的英语作文英文回答：Plastic Pollution: Its Devastating Impacts andPotential Solutions.Plastic pollution has become a pervasive global crisis, posing significant threats to the environment, human health, and wildlife. The widespread use of plastics in various applications, coupled with poor waste management practices, has resulted in an accumulation of plastic waste in our oceans, waterways, and land ecosystems.Environmental Impacts.Marine pollution: Plastic waste accumulates in oceans and coasts, harming marine life. Microplastics, tiny fragments of plastic, can be ingested by marine organisms, causing physical damage and disruption of theirreproductive systems.Terrestrial pollution: Plastic waste accumulates in landfills and on land, affecting soil quality anddisrupting natural ecosystems. It can leach harmful chemicals into the environment, contaminating groundwater and harming wildlife.Air pollution: Burning plastic waste releases toxic substances into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change and air pollution.Human Health Impacts.Toxicity: Plastics contain various toxic chemicals, such as BPA, phthalates, and dioxins, which can leach into food and water. These chemicals can disrupt hormone balance, cause reproductive problems, and increase the risk of cancer.Cardiovascular disease: Research suggests that exposure to microplastics may contribute to inflammation in the cardiovascular system, increasing the risk of heartdisease and stroke.Neurological damage: Microplastics can cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain, potentially causing neurological damage and cognitive impairment.Wildlife Impacts.Entanglement: Marine animals, such as turtles, seals, and dolphins, can become entangled in plastic debris, causing injuries or death.Ingestion: Wildlife often ingest plastic waste, mistaking it for food. This can lead to malnutrition, starvation, and digestive problems.Habitat destruction: Plastic waste can accumulate in wildlife habitats, altering ecosystems and displacing species.Solutions to Plastic Pollution.Reduce plastic consumption: Encourage the use of reusable bags, containers, and water bottles. Promote efforts to reduce single-use plastics, such as straws, utensils, and packaging.Improve waste management: Enhance recycling and composting programs to divert plastic waste from landfills and oceans. Implement Extended Producer Responsibility schemes to hold manufacturers responsible for the end-of-life management of their products.Develop biodegradable alternatives: Invest in research and development of biodegradable materials that can replace conventional plastics.Educate and raise awareness: Raise public awareness about the environmental and health impacts of plastic pollution. Conduct educational campaigns to encourage responsible plastic consumption and waste management practices.Enforce legislation: Implement and strengthen laws and regulations to restrict the production and use of certain plastic products. Levy taxes or impose penalties on businesses and consumers for improper plastic waste disposal.Conclusion.Addressing plastic pollution requires a multi-faceted approach involving governments, businesses, organizations, and individuals. By implementing comprehensive strategies to reduce consumption, improve waste management, develop innovative solutions, and raise awareness, we can mitigate the devastating impacts of plastic pollution and create a more sustainable future for our planet.中文回答：塑料污染，其破坏性影响和解决办法。
损伤工况英语
损伤工况英语Damage Condition English。
Damage condition is a term used to describe the state of an object or structure that has been harmed or impaired in some way. Understanding damage conditions is crucial in various fields, including engineering, construction, and maintenance. In this article, we will explore the concept of damage condition in detail and discuss its importance in different industries.First and foremost, it is essential to recognize the different types of damage conditions that can occur. These include mechanical damage, such as cracks, fractures, and dents, as well as chemical damage, such as corrosion and erosion. Each type of damage condition requires a unique approach to assessment and repair, making it vital to accurately identify the specific issue at hand.In the field of engineering, damage condition analysis plays a significant role in ensuring the safety and reliability of structures. By conducting thorough inspections and assessments, engineers can identify potential weaknesses and defects before they escalate into more severe problems. This proactive approach not only helps prevent accidents and failures but also extends the lifespan of the structure.Moreover, in the construction industry, understanding damage conditions is essential for maintaining the quality and integrity of buildings and infrastructure. By monitoring and addressing issues such as foundation cracks, water damage, and structural instability, construction professionals can ensure that projects meet safety standards and regulations. Failure to address damage conditions promptly can result in costly repairs, delays, and even legal liabilities.In the realm of maintenance, damage condition assessment is crucial for preserving the functionality and efficiency of equipment and machinery. Regular inspections and maintenance checks can help detect early signs of wear and tear, allowing maintenance technicians to address issues before they lead to breakdowns or malfunctions. Byproactively managing damage conditions, organizations can minimize downtime, reduce repair costs, and optimize operational performance.Overall, the importance of understanding and addressing damage conditions cannot be overstated. Whether in engineering, construction, maintenance, or any other industry, recognizing and mitigating damage is essential for ensuring safety, reliability, and longevity. By implementing proactive strategies and utilizing advanced technologies, professionals can effectively manage damage conditions and maintain the quality and performance of assets.In conclusion, damage condition English is a critical concept that impacts various industries and disciplines. By identifying, assessing, and addressing damage conditions effectively, professionals can enhance safety, reliability, and efficiency in their respective fields. Through proactive measures and continuous monitoring, organizations can mitigate risks, optimize performance, and achieve long-term success.。
损伤英语单词
损伤英语单词The English language, with its rich tapestry of words, can sometimes feel like a delicate piece of art. One wrong move, and the beauty of expression is marred.Mispronunciations and misspellings are the scratches on this linguistic canvas, detracting from the overall impact of our communication. They can lead to misunderstandings, much like a smudge on a painting.To protect the integrity of our language, it's crucial to learn the correct usage of words. Just as a sculptor must chisel with precision, so too must we wield our words with care.The journey to mastering the English lexicon is akin to a gardener tending to a garden. It requires patience, attention to detail, and a commitment to growth.In the realm of language, the smallest of errors can have a ripple effect. A misplaced comma or an incorrect tense can alter the meaning, much like a misplaced stone in a stream.To avoid such pitfalls, we must immerse ourselves in the language, practicing its intricacies until they become second nature. Like a musician mastering an instrument, our proficiency comes with time and dedication.The beauty of the English language lies in its ability to convey complex emotions and ideas with just a few well-chosen words. Let's strive to preserve this beauty by respecting the power of each word we use.In conclusion, the art of language is a delicate one. It requires a gentle touch and a keen eye to avoid the damage that can be done by a single misstep. Let's embrace the responsibility of being its custodians.。
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24. 材料极其损伤24．1 金属材料 钢steel特殊钢special steel合金钢alloy steel低合金钢low alloy steel高合金钢high alloy steel不锈钢stainless steel马氏体钢martensitic steel奥氏体钢austenitic steel耐热钢heat-resisting steel 高强度钢high tensile steel高韧性钢tough and hard steel 表面渗透钢case hardening steel 铸钢case steel特殊铸钢special cast steel铁iron铸铁cast iron特殊铸铁special cast iron合金铸铁alloy cast iron高级铸铁high grade cast iron珠墨铸铁spheroidal graphite iron 可锻铸铁malleable cast iron铜copper青铜bronze特殊青铜special bronze铝青铜aluminum bronze硅青铜silicon bronze磷青铜phosphor bronze黄铜brass铝黄铜aluminum brass镀锡黄铜tinned brass白铜copper nickle镍锡合金nickel copper alloy蒙乃尔合金Monel metal铬镍铁合金Inconel耐热镍铬铁合金Inconel20合金20 alloy钨铬钻合金stellite铬化硼系化合物colmonoy耐磨金属anti-friction metal轴承合金bearing metal 巴氏合金babbit metal白色金属white metal油膜轴承合金Kelmet钎料solder银钎料silver solder24．2 表面处理 复合钢clad steel衬里lining镀层coating涂复层overlay镀面surfacing均质衬里homogen lining 表面硬度hard-facing金属喷涂metallikon喷漆金属metallizing电镀plating渗入处理cementation磷酸盐被膜处理parkerizing阳极氧化处理anodizing勃母石处理Boehmite treatment钝化passivation扩散硬化diffusion hardening渗氨nitriding渗碳硬化case hardening24．3 材料性质 强度strength延性ductility韧性toughness脆性brittlenessshortness低温脆性low temperature brittleness 冷脆cold shortness缺口脆性notch brittleness热脆性red shortnessred brittleness回火脆性temper brittleness转变温度transition temperature蓝脆性blue shortnessblue brittleness加工硬化work hardening沉淀硬化precipitation hardening应变实效strain aging淬火实效quench aging敏化sensitizention24．4 金相及加工 石墨化处理graphitization变态transformation析出precipitation结晶crystallization恒温变态isothermal transformation中间组织intermediate structure恒温变态曲线time-temperature-transformation diagram 连续冷却相变图constant cooling transformation diagram 再结晶recrestallization偏析segregation金属间化合物intermetallic compound非金属夹杂物non-metallic inclusion 钢锭ingot钢坯billet压铸件die castion离心铸件centrifugal casting冷硬铸件chill casting塑性加工plastic working冷加工cold working热加工hot working温加工warm working锻造forging轧制rolling热轧hot rolling冷轧cold rolling拨制drawing挤压extruding24．5 热处理 正火normalizing退火annealing扩散加热homogenizing完全退火full annealing消除应力热处理stress relief annealing低温退火low temperature annealing 球化处理spherodizing中间退火，低温退火process annealing淬火quenching部分淬火differential quenching回火tempering调质refining恒温热处理isothermal heat treatment 低温处理sub-zero treatment时效处理again人工硬化warm hardening固熔化处理solution annealing24．6材料组织及缺陷 宏观组织macrostructure微观组织，显微组织microstructure树枝状组织dendritic structure柱状组织columnar structure 针状组织acicular structure 层状组织lamellar structure 条状裂痕streak flaw折缝wrinkle seam轧裂roll burstforge burst白点white spotflake鱼眼fish eye幻影线ghost line裂纹crack淬裂quenching crack 硫裂纹sulphur crack细裂纹，发裂hair crack微裂纹microcrackmicrofissure纵向裂纹longitudinal crack 横向裂纹transverse crack 延迟裂纹delayed cracking 季裂season cracking软点soft spot硬点hard spot分层lamination砂眼blister气孔blowhole针孔pin hole24．7 腐蚀及其他材料损伤 腐蚀corrosion全面腐蚀general corrosion间隙腐蚀crevice corrosion点蚀pitting电化学腐蚀galvanic corrosion接触腐蚀contact corrosion晶间腐蚀intergranular corrosion 摩擦腐蚀fretting corrosion刀切腐蚀knife line attack侵蚀erosion侵蚀腐蚀erosion corrosion脱锌dezincification应力腐蚀裂纹stress corrosion cracking碱蚀致脆caustic embrittlement氢脆hydrogen embrittlement氢腐蚀hydrogen attack氢气泡hydrogen blistering环境应力裂纹environmental stress cracking 高温腐蚀high temperature corrosion 高温氧化high temperature oxidation 硫化sulfidation硝化nitrification渗碳carburization钒腐蚀vanadium attack露点腐蚀dew point corrosion24．8 有机材料 塑料plastics合成树脂synthetic resin热塑性树脂thermo-plastic resin热固性树脂thermo-setting resin强化塑料reinforced plastics合成橡胶elastomer泡沫塑料foam天然橡胶natural rubber (NR)合成橡胶synthetic rubber硅胶silicon resin氟塑料fluoroplasticsfluorocarbons聚氯乙烯树脂polyvinycholride resin (PVC)聚乙烯树脂polyethlene resin聚丙烯树脂polypropylene resin聚脂树脂polyester resin尼龙Nylon环氧树脂epoxy resin呋喃树脂furan resin聚偏二氯烯树脂polyvinylidene chloride resin 聚氨基甲酸脂树脂polyurethane resin丙烯酸树脂acrylic resin脲醛树脂urea resin三聚氰胺树脂melamine resin24．9无机材料 陶瓷ceramics陶器pottery磁器porcelain陶磁合金cermets抗渗透impervious carbon玻璃glass石棉asbestos岩棉rock wool硅藻土diatomaceous earth蛭石vermiculite非金属材料non-metallic materials复合材料 1. composite material2. composite黑色金属ferrous metal有色金属non-ferrous metal碳钢carbon steel合金钢alloy steelhome3.gif (1931。