北京工业大学考博英语真题摘录

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考博英语(语法)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（语法）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. GrammarGrammar1．That grand-sized pine tree______the horizon.(北京大学2005年试题)A．stands up well againstB．stands out good toC．stands out well againstD．stands up good to正确答案：C解析：stand out against sth．的意思是“突出，显眼”，符合题意。

stand up against 的意思是“抵抗，反对，同……对抗”；stand out to sth．无此搭配；stand up to sth．的意思是“经得起磨损”。

本题是说巨大的松树突出地显现在地平线上。

因此C项为正确答案。

2．“The effect of this medicine______by midnight,”the doctor told Emma, “You had better not try to read tonight. “(北京大学2005年试题)A．will wear offB．wears offC．will have worn offD．will be worn off正确答案：B解析：当表示普遍规律时应用一般现在时，因此B项为正确答案。

3．______, the guest speaker was ushered into the auditorium hall to give the lecture.(北京大学2005年试题)A．Being shown around the campusB．Having shown to the campusC．After been shown around the campusD．Having been shown around the campus正确答案：D解析：因为在was ushered into the auditorium hall之前就发生了be shown aroundthe campus这一动作，所以应用完成时的被动语态。

考博士英语试题及答案

考博士英语试题及答案一、词汇和语法（共20分，每题2分）1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. DuplicateD. Annihilate答案：A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She has been working here since she graduated.B. She has been working here since she graduated from university.C. She has been working here since she graduated university.D. She has been working here since she was graduated.答案：B3. The correct usage of the word "subsequent" is demonstrated in which sentence?A. The subsequent event was unexpected.B. The subsequent events were unexpected.C. The subsequent event was not expected.D. The subsequent events were not expected.答案：B4. What is the antonym of "abundant"?A. ScarceB. AbundantC. PlentifulD. Ample答案：A5. The phrase "at the mercy of" means:A. To be in a position of power.B. To be controlled by someone or something.C. To show mercy to someone.D. To be in a state of uncertainty.答案：B...二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇阅读5题，每题2分）Passage 1[文章内容略]6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]8. The author's attitude towards the subject can be best described as:A. SkepticalB. OptimisticC. NeutralD. Pessimistic答案：[正确答案]9. What does the term "paradigm shift" refer to in the context of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]10. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案][其他Passage及问题略]三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）[文章内容略]11. The blank [ ] should be filled with:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]12. The word that best completes the sentence is:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]...四、翻译（共20分，每题5分）13. Translate the following sentence into English: [中文句子]答案：[英文翻译]14. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: [英文句子]答案：[中文翻译]...五、写作（共10分）15. Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic "The Impact of Technology on Education".[写作指导略][学生作文略]注意：以上试题及答案仅为示例，实际考试内容会有所不同。

考博士英语试题及答案

考博士英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。

（每题2分，共10分）[短文内容略](1) What is the main idea of the passage?(2) What does the author suggest about the future of technology?(3) Why are some people hesitant to adopt new technologies?(4) What is the role of education in technological advancement?(5) How can individuals contribute to the development of technology?2. 阅读以下文章，然后根据文章内容选择最佳答案。

（每题2分，共10分）[文章内容略](1) A(2) B(3) C(4) D(5) E3. 阅读以下文章，并根据文章内容回答问题。

（每题3分，共20分） [文章内容略](1) What is the primary purpose of the article?(2) How does the author describe the impact of globalization?(3) What are some of the challenges faced by developing countries?(4) What solutions does the author propose to address the issues?(5) What is the author's conclusion regarding the futureof globalization?二、词汇与语法（共30分）1. 根据句子意思，选择正确的词汇填空。

北京大学博士英语试题及答案

北京大学博士英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分，每题2分）1. The company has been ________ for over a century.A. establishedB. establishingC. to establishD. being established答案：A2. Despite the heavy rain, the match will be held as ________.A. planB. plannedC. planningD. to plan答案：B3. The professor suggested that we ________ a meeting to discuss the issue.A. arrangeB. arrangedC. arrangingD. will arrange答案：A4. The book is worth ________.A. to readB. readC. readingD. being read答案：C5. The problem is too difficult for us ________.A. to solveB. solvingC. solvedD. being solved答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分，每题3分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。

The rise of artificial intelligence has brought about significant changes in various industries. Companies are now using AI to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance customer experiences. However, with the rapid advancement of technology, there are concerns about job displacement and privacy issues.6. What is the main focus of the passage?A. The impact of AI on industriesB. The benefits of AIC. The concerns about AID. The advancement of technology答案：A7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of AI?A. Improved efficiencyB. Reduced costsC. Enhanced customer experiencesD. Increased job opportunities答案：D8. What is the concern associated with AI?A. Job displacementB. Increased efficiencyC. Reduced costsD. Enhanced customer experiences答案：A9. What can be inferred from the passage?A. AI is only used in certain industries.B. AI is a threat to privacy.C. AI is being embraced by companies.D. AI has no benefits.答案：C10. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To promote AIB. To criticize AIC. To inform about AID. To encourage debate about AI答案：C三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In the past, people used to believe that the world was flat. However, with the discovery of new lands and the development of navigational tools, this belief was gradually __11__.11. A. changedB. alteredC. modifiedD. transformed答案：A12. The explorers' voyages led to a __12__ understanding of the world.A. clearB. distinctC. preciseD. accurate答案：D13. As a result, the concept of a spherical Earth became__13__.A. acceptedB. acknowledgedC. recognizedD. known答案：A14. Today, we take for granted the fact that the Earth is round, but in the past, it was a __14__ idea.A. revolutionaryB. radicalC. groundbreakingD. innovative答案：A15. The __15__ of the Earth's shape has had a profound impact on science and exploration.A. realizationB. perceptionC. understandingD. comprehension答案：A四、翻译（共30分，每题10分）16. 随着互联网的普及，人们获取信息的方式发生了巨大变化。

2023年北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析

Part Two：Structure and Written Expression（20%）Directions：For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.11．Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question thata wide solution.A．admits of B. requires of C. needs of D.seeks for12．In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.A．accustomed to split and dividedB．accustomed to splitting and dividingC．accustomed to split and dividingD．accustomed to splitting and divided13．Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.A. at itselfB. as itselfC. on itselfD. in itself14．us earlier, your request to the full.A.You have contacted…we could comply withB.Had you contacted…we could have complied withC.You had contacted…could we have complied withD.Have you contacted…we could comply with15．The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy.A. discardB. discreetC. discordD. disgorge16. Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious theirpsychology. No one can shield himself such an influence.A. on…by…atB. by…for…inC. from…in…onD. through…with…from17. The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create.A. boreB. boredC. boredomD. bordom18. Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz.A. lackedB. lackingC. for lack ofD. lack of19. There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine.A. that have toB. have toC. having toD. has to20. The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it.A. none the worseB. none the betterC. never worseD. never better21. As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color.A. cried out for…cried out forB. cry out for…cry out forC. had cried out for…cried out forD. had cried out for…cry out for22. While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very .A. triggerB. meagerC. vigorD. linger23. Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology.A. as much the Africans are detribalizedB. the Africans are much being detribalizedC. as much as the Africans are being detribalizedD. as much as the Africans are detribalized24. We admire his courage and self-confidence.A. can butB. cannot onlyC. cannot butD. can only but25. In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed tonotice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical.A. inundatingB. imitatingC. immolatingD. insulating26. you promise you will work hard, support you to college.A. If only…will IB. Only…I willC. Only if…will ID. Only if…I will27. It is one of the ironies of Western man that he has never felt invention as a threat to his way of life.A. any concern withB. any concern aboutC. any concern inD. any concern at28. One room schools, with all subjects being taught to all grades at the same time, simplywhen better transportation permits specialized spaces and specialized teaching.A. resolvedB. absolvedC. dissolvedD. solved29. People are living longer and not saving enough, which means they will either have to worklonger, live less in retirement or bailed by the government.A. in…for…upB. for…on…outC. by…in…onD. on…for…out30. The country s deficit that year to a record 1698 billion dollarsA. soaredB. souredC. soredD. sourcedPart Three: Close Test (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose ONE best word for each numbered blank. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.2023 was the worst year for the record labels in a decade31 was 2023, and before that 2023 and 2023. In fact,industry revenues have been 32 for the past 10 years. Digital sales are growing, but not as fast as traditional sales are falling.Maybe that’s because illegal downloads are so easy. People have been 33 intellectual property for centuries, but it used to be a time-consuming way to generate markedly 34 copies. These days, high-quality copies are 35. According to the Pew Internet project, people use file-sharing software more often than they do iTunes and other legal shops.I’d like to believe, as many of my friends seem to, that this practice won’t do much harm. But even as I’ve heard over the past decade that things weren’t 36 bad, that the music industry was moving to a new, better business model, each year’s numbers have been worse. Maybe it’s time to admit that we may never find a way to 37 consumers who want free entertainment with creators who want to get paid.38 on this problem, the computational neuroscientist Anders Sandberg recently noted that although we have strong instinctive feelings about ownership, intellectual property doesn’t always 39 that framework. The harm done by individual acts of piracy is too small and too abstract.“The nature of intellectual property,”he wrote, “makes it hard to maintain the social and empathic 40 that keep(s) us from taking each other’s things.”31. A. As B. Same C. Thus D. So32. A. stagnating B. declining C. increasing D. stultifying33. A. taking B. robbing C. stealing D. pirating34. A. upgraded B. inferior C. ineffective D. preferable35. A. numerous B. ubiquitous C. accessible D. effortless36. A. so B. this C. that D. much37. A. satisfy B. help C. reconcile D. equate38. A. Based B. Capitalizing C. Reflecting D. Drawing39. A. match up with B. fill in C. fit into D. set up40. A. constraints B. consciousness C. norm D. etiquettePart IV: Reading Comprehension(20%)Directions: Each of the following four passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question or unfinished statement, four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneCancer has always been with us, but not always in the same way. Its care and management have differed over time, of course, but so, too, have its identity, visibility, and meanings. Pick up the thread of history at its most distant end and you have cancer the crab—so named either because of the ramifying venous processes spreading out from a tumor or because its pain is like the pinch of a crab’s claw. Premodern cancer is a lump, a swelling that sometimes breaks through the skin in ulcerations producing foul-smelling discharges. The ancient Egyptians knew about many tumors that had a bad outcome, and the Greeks made a distinction between benign tumors (oncos) and malignant ones (carcinos). In the second century A．D．, Galen reckoned that the cause was systemic, an excess of melancholy or black bile, one of the body’s four “humors,”brought on by bad diet and environmental circumstances. Ancient medical practitioners sometimes cut tumors out, but the prognosis was known to be grim. Describing tumors of the breast, an Egyptian papyrus from about 1600 B．C．concluded: “There is no treatment.”The experience of cancer has always been terrible, but, until modern times, its mark on the culture has been light. In the past, fear coagulated around other ways of dying: infectious and epidemic diseases (plague, smallpox, cholera, typhus, typhoid fever); “apoplexies”(what we now call strokes and heart attacks); and, most notably in the nineteenth century, “consumption”(tuberculosis). The agonizing manner of cancer death was dreaded, but that fear was not centrally situated in the public mind—as it now is. This is one reason that the medical historian Roy Porter wrote that cancer is “the modern disease par excellence,”and that Mukherjee calls it “the quintessential product of modernity.”At one time, it was thought that cancer was a “disease of civilization,” belonging to much the same causal domain as “neurasthenia” and diabetes, the former a nervous weakness belie ved to be brought about by the stress of modern life and the latter a condition produced by bad diet and indolence. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, some physicians attributedcancer—notably of the breast and the ovaries—to psychological and behavioral causes. William Buchan’s wildly popular eighteenth-century text “Domestic Medicine”judged that cancers might be caused by “excessive fear, grief, religious melancholy.”In the nineteenth century, reference was repeatedly made to a “cancer personality,”and, in some versions, specifically to sexual repression. As Susan Sontag observed, cancer was considered shameful, not to be mentioned, even obscene. Among the Romantics and the Victorians, suffering and dying from tuberculosis might be considered a badge of refinement; cancer death was nothing of the sort. “It seems unimaginable,”Sontag wrote, “to aestheticize”cancer.41. According to the passage, the ancient Egyptians .A. called cancer the crabB. were able to distinguish benign tumors and malignant onesC. found out the cause of cancerD. knew about a lot of malignant tumors42. Which of the following statements about the cancers of the past is best supported by the passage?A. Ancient people did not live long enough to become prone to cancerB. In the past, people did not fear cancerC. Cancer death might be considered a badge of refinementD. Some physicians believed that one s own behavioral mode could lead to cancer43. Which of the following is the reason for cancer to be called “the modern disease”?A. Modern cancer care is very effectiveB. There is a lot more cancer nowC. People understand cancer in radically new ways nowD. There is a sharp increase in mortality in modern cancer world44.“Neurasthenia”and diabetes are mentioned because .A. they are as fatal as cancerB. they were considered to be “disease of civilization”C. people dread them very muchD.they are brought by the high pressure of modern life45. As suggested by the passage, with which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?A. The care and management of cancer have development over timeB. The cultural significance of cancer shifts in different timesC. Cancer s identity has never changedD. Cancer is the price paid for modern lifePassage TwoIf you happened to be watching NBC on the first Sunday morning in August last summer, you would have seen something curious. There, on the set of Meet the Press, the host, David Gregory, was interviewing a guest who made a forceful case that the U．S．economy had become “very distorted.”In the wake of the recession, this guest explained, high-income individuals, large banks, and major corporations had experienced a “significant recovery”; the rest of the economy, by contrast—including small businesses and “a very significant amount of the labor force”—was stuck and still struggling. What we were seeing, he argued, was not a single economy at all, but rather “fundamentally two separate types of economy,”increasingly distinct and divergent.This diagnosis, though alarming, was hardly unique: drawing attention to the divide between the wealthy and everyone else has long been standard fare on the left. (The idea of “two Americas”was a central theme of John Edwards’s 2023 and 2023 presidential runs.) What made the argument striking in this instance was that it was being offered by none other than the former five-term Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan: iconic libertarian, preeminent defender of the free market, and (at least until recently) the nation’s foremost devotee of Ayn Rand. When the high priest of capitalism himself is declaring the growth in economic inequality a national crisis, something has gone very, very wrong.This widening gap between the rich and non-rich has been evident for years. In a 2023 report to investors, for instance,three analysts at Citigroup advised that “the World is dividing into two blocs—the Plutonomy and the rest”.In a plutonomy there is no such animal as “the U．S．consumer”or “the UK consumer”, or indeed “the Russian consumer”. There are rich consumers, few in number, but disproportionate in the gigantic slice of income and consumption they take. There are the rest, the “non-rich”, the multitudinous many, but only accounting for surprisingly small bites of the national pie.Before the recession, it was relatively easy to ignore this concentration of wealth among an elite few. The wondrous inventions of the modern economy—Google, Amazon, the iPhone broadly improved the lives of middle-class consumers, even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy. And the less-wondrous inventions—particularly the explosion of subprime credit—helped mask the rise of income inequality for many of those whose earnings were stagnant.But the financial crisis and its long, dismal aftermath have changed all that. A multi-billion-dollar bailout and Wall Street’s swift, subsequent reinstatement of gargantuan bonuses have inspired a narrative of parasitic bankers and other elites rigging the game for their own benefit.And this, in turn, has led to wider-and not unreasonable-fears that we are living in not merely a plutonomy, but a plutocracy, in which the rich display outsize political influence, narrowly self interested motives, and a casual indifference to anyone outside their own rarefied economic bubble.46. According to the passage, the U．S．economy .A. fares quite wellB. has completely recovered from the economic recessionC. has its own problemsD. is lagging behind other industrial economies47. Which of the following statement about today’s super-elite would the passage support?A. Today’s plutocrats are the hereditary eliteB. Today’s super-rich are increasingly a nation unto themselvesC. They are the deserving winners of a tough economic competitionD. They are worried about the social and political consequences of rising income inequality48. What can be said of modern technological innovations?A. They have lifted many people into the middle class.B. They have narrowed the gap between the rich and the non-rich.C. They have led to a rise of income inequality.D. They have benefited the general public.49. The author seems to suggest that the financial crisis and its aftermath .A. have compromised the rich with the non-richB. have enriched the plutocratic eliteC. have put Americans on the alert for too much power the rich possessD. have enlarged the gap between the rich and non-rich50. The primary purpose of the passage is to .A. present the financial imbalance in the U．S．B. display sympathy for the working classC. criticize the super elite of the Unite StatesD. appreciate the merits of the super rich in the U．S．Passage ThreeCharles Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is credited with sparking evolution’s revolution in scientific thought, but many observers had pondered evolution before him. It was understanding the idea’s significance and selling it to the public that made Darwin great, according to the Arnold Arboretum’s new director.William Friedman, the Arnold Professor of Organism and Evolutionary Biology who took over as arboretum director Ja n．1, has studied Darwin’s writings as well as those of his predecessors and contemporaries. While Darwin is widely credited as the father of evolution, Friedman said the “historical sketch”that Darwin attached to later printings of his masterpiece wasintended to mollify those who demanded credit for their own earlier ideas.The historical sketch grew with each subsequent printing, Friedman told an audience Monday (Ja n．10), until, by the 6th edition, 34 authors were mentioned in it. Scholars now believe that somewhere between 50 and 60 authors had beaten Darwin in their writings about evolution Included was Darwin’s grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, a physician who irritated clergymen with his insistence that life arose from lower forms, specifically mollusks.Friedman’s talk, “A Darwinian Look at Darwin’s Evolutionist Ancestors,”took place at the arboretum’s Hunnewell Building and was the first in a new Director’s Lecture Series.Though others had clearly pondered evolution before Darwin, he wasn’t without originality.Friedman said that Darwin’s thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolution was shared by few, most prominently Alfred Wallace, whose writing on the subject after years in the field spurred Darwin’s writing of “On the Origin of Species.”Although the book runs more than 400 pages, Friedman said it was never the book on evolution and natural selection that Darwin intended. In 1856, three years before the book was published, he began work on a detailed tome on natural selection that wouldn’t see publication until 1975.The seminal event in creating “On the Origin of Species”occurred in 1858, when Wallace wrote Darwin detailing Wallace’s ideas of evolution by natural selection. The arrival of Wallace’s ideas galvanized Darwin into writing “On the Origin of Species”as an “abstract”of the ideas he was painstakingly laying out in the larger work.This was a lucky break for Darwin, because it forced him to write his ideas in plain language, which led to a book that was not only revolutionary, despite those who’d tread similar ground before, but that was also very readable.Though others thought about evolution before Darwin, scientific discovery requires more than just an idea. In addition to the concept, discovery requires the understanding of the significance of the idea, something some of the earlier authors clearly did not have—such as the arborist who buried his thoughts on natural selection in the appendix of a book on naval timber. Lastly, scientific discovery demands the ability to convince others of the correctness of an idea.Darwin, through “On the Origin of Species,”was the only thinker of the time who had all three of those traits, Friedman said.“Darwin had the ability to convince others of the correctness of the idea,” Friedman said, adding that even Wallace, whose claim to new thinking on evolution and natural selection was stronger than all the others, paid homage to Darwin by titling his 1889 book on the subject, “Darwinism.”51. According to William Friedman, Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is great in that.A. it was the most studied by later scientistsB. it had significant ideas about evolutionC. it was the first to talk about evolutionD. it was well received by the public52. Friedman believes that Darwin attached a “historical sketch”to later printings of his book in an attempt to .A. credit the ideas about evolution before hisB. claim himself as the father of evolutionC. introduce his grandfather to the readerD. summarize his predecessors work53. In Friedman s view, Darwin s originality lies in .A. his thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolutionB. his sharing ideas about evolution with his contemporariesC. the way he wrote “On the Origin of Species”D. the way he lectured on the ideas of evolution54. We have learned that at first Darwin intended to write his idea in .A. a much larger bookB. a 400page bookC. scientific termsD. plain language55. Scientific discovery requires all the following Expect .A. coming up with a new ideaB. understanding the significance of the ideaC. making claims to the idea by writing booksD. convincing others of the correctness of the idesPassage FourMany adults may think they are getting enough shut-eye, but in a major sleep study almost 80 percent of respondents admitted to not getting their prescribed amount of nightly rest. So, what exactly is the right amount of sleep? Research shows that adults need an average of seven to nine hours of sleep a night for optimal functionality. Read on to see just how much of an impact moderate sleep deprivation can have on your mind and body.By getting less than six hours of sleep a night, you could be putting yourself at risk of high blood pressure. When you sleep, your heart gets a break and is able to slow down for a significant period of time. But cutting back on sleep means your heart has to work overtime without its allotted break. In constantly doing so, your body must accommodate to its new conditions and elevate your overall daily blood pressure. And the heart isn’t the only organ that is overtaxed by a lack of sleeps. The less sleep you get, the less time the brain has to regulate stress hormones, and over time, sleep deprivation could permanently hinder the brain’s ability to regulate these hormones, leading to elevated blood pressure.We all hang around in bed during our bouts of illness. But did you know that skipping out on the bed rest can increase your risk of getting sick? Prolonged sleep deprivation has long been associated with diminished immune functions, but researchers have also found a direct correlation between “modest”sleep deprivation—less than six hours—and reduced immune response. So try to toughen up your immune system by getting at least seven hours of sleep a night, and maintaining a healthy diet. You’ll be glad you got that extra hour of sleep the next time that bug comes around and leaves everyone else bedridden with a fever for three days.During deep REM sleep, your muscles (except those in the eyes) are essentially immobilized in order to keep you from acting out on your dreams. Unfortunately, this effort your body makes to keep you safe while dreaming can sometimes backfire,resulting in sleep paralysis. Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain is aroused from its REM cycle, but the body remains in its immobilizing state. This can be quite a frightening sensation because, while your mind is slowly regaining consciousness, it has no control over your body, leaving some with a feeling of powerlessness, fear and panic. Most people experience this eerie phenomena at least once in their lives, but those who are sleep deprived are more likely to have panicked episodes of sleep paralysis that are usually accompanied by hallucinations, as well.For a second, imagine all of your memories are erased; every birthday, summer vacation, even what you did yesterday afternoon is completely lost, because you have no recollection of them.It’s a chilling thought, but that is what a life without sleep would be like. Sleep is essential to the cognitive functions of the brain, and without it, our ability to consolidate memories, learn daily tasks, and make decisions is impaired by a large degree. Research has revealed that REM sleep, or dream-sleep, helps solidify the “fragile”memories the brain creates throughout the day to that they can be easily organized and stored in the mind’s long-term cache.56. According to the passage, what is the meaning of “sleep deprivation”?A. To sleep for an average period of time.B. To sleep deeply without dreaming.C. To sleep less than needed.D. To sleep modestly.57. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A. When everyone else gets a fever, those with sleep deprivation will be abele to sleep longer.B. When everyone else gets a fever, those who usually have adequate sleep will be alright.C. Only modest sleep deprivation could weaken the immune system.D. Prolonged sleep deprivation will not have impact on the immune system.58. Why is there the so-called “sleep paralysis”?A. It occurs when you are unable to wake up from dreams while you are sleeping.B. It occurs when you brain immobilizes your body in order to keep you from dreaming.C. Because you are usually too frightened to move your body when waking up from deep REM sleep.D. Because your body, immobilized when dreaming, may still be unable to move even when your brain is waking up.59.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph?A. Memories are part of the cognitive function of the brain.B. Memories created during the daytime are usually fragile and impaired.C. You are likely to lose your memories of yesterday after a night’s sleep.D. Long term memory cannot be formed without dream-sleep.60. What effects of sleep deprivation on human mind and body are discussed in this passage?A. High blood pressure, a toughened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.B. Blood pressure, immune system, sleep paralysis, and long term memory.C. Blood pressure, immune system, the brain and the body, and memory.D. High blood pressure, a weakened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.Part V: Proofreading (15%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 15 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words ( in brackets )immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answer on the Answer Sheet (2).Examples:eg. 1(61) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (61) begun beganeg. 2(62) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up .Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (62) (Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3(63) Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (63)notWal-Mart announced Thursday afternoon that it would introduce a program nationwide called (61) “Pick Up Today”that allows customers to submit orders online and pick up their items few hours later in their local store. (62) The move is not revolutionary—Sears and Nordstrom, as instance, already have similar programs.(63) Retailers say that tying online and in-store inventory together lets them to sell more products. (64) Nordstrom recently combined its inventory so that if the online stockroom is out of a jacket, a store that has it can ship to the Web customer. (65) Encourage customers to retrieve items they have ordered online in a store increases visits to the stores, which usually increases sales. (66) Best Buy offers both store pickup and “ship to store,”where items are shipped free from a local store. Ace Hardware, J．C．Penney and Wal-Mart itself are among the others offering “ship to store”programs.In Wal-Mart’s program, (67) that is expected to be nationwide by June, customers can select from among 40,000 items online. (68) They will send a text message or e-mail alerting them when the order is ready, which usually takes about four hours.(69) “Not only we see it as a nice convenience for customers, but we also saw it as a way to drive incremental traffic to the stores, and incremental sales,”said Steve Nave, senior vice president and general manager of Walmar t．Com.(70) The program will include about 40000 items likewise electronics, toys, home décor and sporting goods. (71) As of now, it does not include groceries, though M r．Nave did dismiss that possibility.(72) “We’re not ready to talk today about everything that’s going on in grocery,”he said“What we’ve tried to do is (73) focus on those categories where customers are most likely to be willing to make the purchase after they touch it or look at it.(74) This is a convenient play, trying to figure out what are the things that are going to drive more customers into the stores.”Wal-Mart also announced that (75) it was shortened the time customers would have to wait for ship-to-store items, to four to seven days, from seven to 10 days.Part VI: Writing (15%)。

北京工业大学考博英语2007真题答案

北京工业大学考博英语2007真题答案Section I Use of English1.A解析：A项affect意思是"影响，感动"；B项achieve意思是"达成，完成"；C项extract意思是"提取，榨出"；D项restore是"恢复，重建".这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。

2.B解析：本题考查了固定短语end up的用法，end up意思是"最终成为……"，end和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故选B。

3.C解析：本句的大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念-"霍桑效应"，也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现。

所以这里应选择C。

4.B解析：作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解。

四个选项中perplexing意为"令人费解的"，所以正确答案为B。

5.C解析：本句的含义是：根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。

四个选项中有描述含义的是C项accounts。

6.B解析：这句话的意思是：实验中做什么并不重要。

Do not matter固定表达，故选B。

7.D解析：考查so long as短语，意思是"只有"，句子意思是：只要有改变，生产率就会上升。

8.A解析：更多院校真题及其解析请联系：全国免费咨询电话肆零零陆陆捌陆玖柒捌，咨询扣扣：柒柒贰陆柒坝伍叁柒。

解析：A项awareness意思是"意识"，B项expectation意为"期望"，C 项sentiment意为""观点，意见，D项illusion为"幻觉"，本句的大意是说：工人知到自己本身是被研究对象-这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。

考博英语(完形填空)历年真题试卷汇编6.doc

考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编6(总分：90.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：4，分数：90.00)（北京大学2006年试题） Last year French drivers killed【1】than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades. Credit goes largely【2】the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nation's highways since 2003, which experts reckon【3】3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success; the government plants to install 500【4】radar devices this year. So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses【5】the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But last year's London bombing, in which video cameras【6】a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spur a sea change. A month【7】the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail, internet and phone data for "anti-terror"【8】In a British poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were【9】to give up some civil liberty to improve【10】.（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________（北京大学2006年试题）Any parent with a child【1】the ages of 3 and 11 can tell you【2】technology has crept into nearly【3】aspects of playtime and nearly every type of toy. The Hyper Dash, introduced recently from Wild Planet, is a【4】in point. "It's the perfect blend of technology, learning and exercise," says an educational psychologist. Wild Planet has【5】un-veiled a younger version of Hyper Dash, for kids 3 to 5,【6】Animal Scramble, which is due【7】stores in September. In【8】, the firm will soon release Hyper Jump. "Play and technology are【9】," says Claire Green of the nonprofit Parents'Choice Foundation. "There's【10】putting the genie back in the bottle.)"（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________（中国矿业大学2007年试题） The Indians rise soon as it is light, the children run down to the river to swim, the woman go to the creek to bring fresh water. Soon maize soup is being prepared for【1】. Before noon they will eat again, usually fish, meat and bananas, the fruit of the "chonta-durre" palm and a drink of "chicha". When the sun has【2】over the river, some of the younger women go【3】their children by canoe to their forest plantation to【4】maize, bananas and wild fruits. The older women stay in the house making pots which are【5】for drinking water and for "chicha". Later they have to【6】the evening meal and look after the children. The women do most of the daily work and each【7】day involves much the same【8】. The men, who may have been hunting during the night,【9】the day repairing nets, replacing an arrow lost while hunting, fishing with hook and line or "atarraya" net. In January after the rains,【10】men and women go to the forest plantation to sow maize.【11】, in August and September, they sow a【12】crop. Four months after each【13】, the maize is ready for harvesting by the women. At nightfall the family congregates once【14】, and after the babies are【15】in their hammocks they discuss the day's events.（分数：30.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(11).【11】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(12).【12】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(13).【13】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(14).【14】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(15).【15】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________（中国矿业大学2006年试题） Generally, a computer is any device that can perform numerical calculations. Currently,【1】, the term usually refers【2】an electronic device that can【3】a series of tasks according to a set of instructions. In 1953 there were only about 100 computers 【4】use in the world. Today hundreds of millions of computers are【5】in homes, schools, businesses, government offices, and universities for almost every conceivable【6】. Modern desktop【7】computers, or PCs, are many times more powerful than the huge, million dollar【8】of computers of the 1960s and 1970s. Most PCs can perform from 400 million to several billion operations per second. These computers are used not【9】for household management and personal entertainment, but also for most or the automated【10】required by small business. The fastest desktop computers are called workstations, and they are generally used for scientific, engineering, or advanced business application.（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________。

北京工业大学考博英语真题及其精解

北京工业大学考博英语真题及其精解1.If you have been generous to a person for a period of time, it is most likely that the person will take advantage of your generosity and trade on your“weakness”become appreciative of your kindness.A.but notB.let aloneC.rather thanD.instead of2.A poet must not write for the ages past,but for in which he lives and those which are to follow.A.oneB.thoseC.the oneD.that3.There is a delicate balance of nature many square miles of ocean and vegetation and clean air are needed to maintain only a relatively few human beings.A.whereB.in whichC.whenD.how4.There are cases new factories are being put up and beautiful old trees are going to be cut down for a new factory.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when5.Somebody in the next room must be ill,a doctor has just come out.A.becauseB.forC.in thatD.as6.He would always ignore the fact of such a contradiction in his inner thought.A.there to beB.there beingC.it beingD.there having been7.A convenient way is to set the food on a piece of aluminum oil, to the air for half an hour,and then cover it with a dish.A.let it stay openB.let it stayed openC.letting it stay openD.letting it stay opened8.They us willingly but that they happened to be short of hands, too.A.would helpB.would have helpedC.were going to helpD.must have helped9.Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we during the day.A.should have doneB.would have doneC.may have doneD.must have done10.If you are to catch a train,it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minute late.A.tooB.veryC.muchD.rather1.Crather than表示对比，在意思上前后形成对照：take advantage of your generosity…rather than become appreciative of your kindness 意为“利用你的慷慨，而不是理解你的好意”。

北京工业大学考博英语真题常见疑难句解析

北京工业大学考博英语真题常见疑难句解析1.Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological，and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.(4)虽然小说无疑起源于政治情状，但其作者则是以非意识形态的方式对这些政治情状作出反应的，而将小说和故事主要地当作意识形态的工具来探讨，会在相当程度上阻碍小说事业。

需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

难句类型：复杂修饰解释：本句从句子的结构上来讲，惟一的难度在于and之后的句子的主语talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments ofideology太长，以至于看到谓语circumvent的时候已经搞不清楚主谓了。

更大的难度恐怕还在于对两个词汇的理解circumvent和enterprise。

我们以前所背过的circumvent有两个词义，一个是规避，一是以计谋战胜，但是这两种意思放到此处都显然不通;其实circumvent有一个我们没有背过的最常用的意思是包围、限制或陷害;至于enterprise常用的意思是企业，这里的指事业。

意群训练：Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological，and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.2.As my own studies have advanced，I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem，at first glance，to constitute such an immense gulf between them.随着我的研究不断深入，我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功能类似性印象愈来愈深刻，而对结构上的差异印象愈发淡漠，虽然这些结构上的差异初看上去似乎构成了二者间一条无法愈越的鸿沟。

北京工业大学考博英语必备翻译知识点与例句

北京工业大学考博英语必备翻译知识点与例句st summer the drummer became an amateur dramatist dramatically.去年夏天,鼓手戏剧性地变成了业余剧作家.2.Long Tongue League's colleagues are fatigued with cataloguing.长舌联合会的同僚们编目录编累了。

3.The bottle is hidden in the bottom of a ton of cotton the cottage.瓶子被藏在农舍里一吨棉花的底部.需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

4.The pattern of the battery doesn't matter to the battle against the little brittle cattle.电池的式样对与脆小牛作战无关要紧。

5.By the biography,the biologist's playing the violet violin violently violated rules.据传记记载，生物学家猛奏紫罗兰色的小提琴违犯了规矩.6.In the faithful waiter's waist exists a list of the ten listeners.在忠实的侍者的腰里存有那十位听众的名单。

7.The typist plays Typhoon on the piano in a typical style.打字员以典型的风格在钢琴上演奏“台风”。

8.I pushed aside the crushed cushion in a rush and saw a bushy brush.我急忙推开压皱的软垫子,看见一把浓密的刷子。

北京工业大学考博英语阅读理解若干篇篇章与问题

北京工业大学考博英语阅读理解若干篇篇章与问题(五)Passage10African-American filmmakers should be in an enviable position,for since the early1990s there has been a steady wave of low budget black films which have turned a solid profit due to a very strong response in the African-American community and a larger crossover audience than anticipated.Any rational business manager would now identify this sector as a prime candidate for expansion,but if the films have done so well with limited production and marketing costs,why have they not received full scale support7Many analysts feel the business is engulfed in a miasma of self-serving and self-fulfilling myths based on the unspoken assumption that Mfrican-American films can never be vehicles of prestige,glamour,or celebrity.The relationship players have convinced themselves that black films can do only a limited domestic business under any circumstance and have virtually no for-eign box office potential.As executives who now control the film industry grew up in those de-cades when there were few black images on the screen and those that did exist were produced by film-makers with limited knowledge of the black community,it is little wonder that they avoid ideological issues,and seek to continue making films that they are comfortable with by avoiding they negative imagery of films they would prefer to eschew entirely.Also to blame for this deleterious phenomenon are legions of desperate and Machiavellian African-American film producers,directors,and writers who would transform The Birth of A Nation into a black musical as long as it would provide them with gainful studio employment. These filmmakers not only perpetuate negative stereotypes in their films,but they also season them with a sprinkling of African-American authenticity.This situation would be onerous enough,given the economic exploitation of the community involved;unfortunately these films also validate the pathologies they depict.The constant projection of the black community as a kind of urban Wild Kingdom,the glamorization of tragic situations,and the celebration of innercity drug dealers and gangsters has a programming effect on black youth.The power of music in film is a particularly seductive and propagandistic force which in the recent crop of African-American films has rarely been used in a positive social manner.What flows from this combination of factors is a policy of market exploitation rather than market development,evidenced by the fact that any number of films may open to1,500screens in one week,only to totally disappear in less than a month.This restricted body of film products erodes the genre’s long-term viability,particularly with the more fickle non-African-American-can audiences and foreign audiences.Furthermore,when African-American actors begin to emerge as stars,their projects are usually designed to be"more"than a black film,such that any success that follows is therefore perceived not as a reflection of the viability of African-American filmmaking but as the broader pursuitof celebrity.46.According to the passage,all wise managers think that___A)the industry of black film would increase in the futureB)the industry of black film would decrease in the futureC)the industry of black film would not receive full scale supportD)the industry of black film is bound to win full scale support47.It is suggested by the analysts that___A)black films can be very successfulB)black films can win prestige,glamour,or celebrityC)black films are mysteriousD)black films can never be the road to prestige48.It can be inferred from the passage that___A)the black community is wildB)the black youth may learn from the films and commit crimesC)the black films reflect the real life of the blackD)the black community is flourishing49.The word"viability"(in line4,para.4)could best be replaced by______A)productivityB)vitalityC)celebrityD)prestige50.This passage mainly discusses______.A)the productivity of black filmsB)the limitations of black filmsC)the myth of American-AfricanD)the prestige of American-African本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

北京工业大学2006考博英语7选5(填空式阅读)真题解析-育明考博

北京工业大学2006考博英语7选5(填空式阅读)真题解析Directions:Directions:In the following text,some sentences have beenremoved.For Questions(41-45),choose the most suitable one from thelist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extrachoices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville,Ind.,homeof David Williams,52,and of a riverboat casino where gambling gamesare played.During several years of gambling in that casino,Williams,a state auditor earning$35,000a year,lost approximately$175,000.He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for$20worthof gambling.He visited the casino,lost the$20and left.On his second visithe lost$800.The casino issued to him,as a good customer,a"FunCard",which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities.ForWilliams,these activities become what he calls electronic morphine.41.In1997he lost$21,000to one slot machine in two days.InMarch1997he lost$72,186.He sometimes played two slot machines ata time,all night,until the boat docked at5a.m.,then went backaboard when the casino opened at9a.m.Now he is suing the casino,charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knewhe was addicted.It did know he had a problem.In March1998,a friend of Williams's got him involuntarilyconfined to a treatment center for addictions,and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gambling problems.The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers,and wrote to him a"cease admissions"letter.Noting the"medical/psychological" nature of problem gambling behaviors,the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present Geng duo yuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well?being.42.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has24signs warning:"Enjoy the fun…and always bet with your head,not over it".Every entrance ticket lists a toll?free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health.Nevertheless, Williams's suit charges that the casino,knowing he was"helplessly addicted to gambling",intentionally worked to"lure"him to"engage in conduct against his will."Well.43.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says"pathological gambling"involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of taking risks in quest of a windfall.44.Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moralfailings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.45.Forty-four states have lotteries,29have casinos,and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on-you might say addicted to-revenues from wagering.And since the first Internet gambling site was created in1995,competition for gamblers'dollars has become intense.The Oct.28issue of NEWSWEEK reportedthat2million gamblers patronize1,800virtual casinos every week. With$3.5billion being lost on Internet wagers this year,gambling has passed pornography as the Web's most profitable business.[A]Although no such evidence was presented,the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings.And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required,given his compulsive behavior.And in what sense was his will operative?[C]By the time he had lost$5,000he said to himself that if he could get back to even,he would quit.One night he won$5,500,but he did not quit.[D]Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin,or a social disease. Now it is a social policy:the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government.[E]David Williams's suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don't bet on it.[F]It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and morebehavioral problems,often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G]The anonymous,lonely,undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior.But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling,what would be its grounds for doing so?答案详解41.【解析】[C]从前后文表达的语义来看，前文的第一句话表明了本段的主题He visited the casino,lost the$20and left。

北京工业大学环工专业英语考试真题

北京工业大学环工专业英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Beijing Industry University Environmental Engineering Major English ExamPart I: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1: Global WarmingGlobal warming is one of the most significant environmental issues facing the world today. It refers to the gradual increase in the Earth’s temperature due to huma n activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The consequences of global warming include rising sea levels, changes in weather patterns, and the extinction of various species.1. What is global warming?A. A decrease in the E arth’s temperature.B. An increase in the Earth’s temperature due to human activities.C. A natural phenomenon.D. A result of volcanic eruptions.2. What are the consequences of global warming?A. Decreasing sea levels.B. Stable weather patterns.C. Extinction of species.D. Healthy ecosystems.Passage 2: Environmental PollutionEnvironmental pollution is the introduction of harmful substances into the environment that can cause harm to humans, wildlife, and the ecosystem. Common sources of pollution include industrial activities, vehicle emissions, and improper waste disposal. To combat pollution, it is essential to implement strict regulations and promote sustainable practices.3. What is environmental pollution?A. The conservation of natural resources.B. The introduction of harmful substances into the environment.C. The promotion of industrial activities.D. The protection of wildlife.4. How can pollution be reduced?A. By increasing industrial activities.B. By implementing strict regulations and promoting sustainable practices.C. By cutting down forests.D. By increasing vehicle emissions.Part II: Listening Comprehension (20 points)Directions: This part is composed of four sections. In each section, you will hear a dialogue or a monologue. After listening to it, you are required to complete some unfinished statements or answer some questions. You are allowed to hear the recording only once.Section A5. What is the lecture mainly about?Section B6. What is the man’s problem?Section C7. Why does the woman want to change her major?Section D8. What suggestion does the man give to the woman?Part III: Writing (30 points)Directions: For this part, you are required to write an essay on the following topic: "The Importance of Environmental Education." You should write at least 200 words and make sure to use proper grammar and vocabulary.Remember to discuss the significance of environmental education in raising awareness about environmental issues and promoting sustainable practices._____This is the sample of a Beijing Industry University Environmental Engineering Major English Exam. Students are required to demonstrate their understanding of key environmental concepts and their ability to communicate effectively in English. Good luck with your exam preparation!篇2Beijing University of Technology Environmental Engineering Major English Exam QuestionsPart I: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Over the past few decades, the issue of climate change has become a major concern for many countries around the world. The increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mainly caused by human activities, has led to rising global temperatures and extreme weather events. In response to this crisis, many nations have come together to sign international agreements aimed at reducing emissions and slowing down the effects of climate change.1. What is the main cause of rising global temperatures?2. What are some of the effects of climate change?3. What are some international agreements that have been signed to address climate change?Part II: VocabularyChoose the correct word to complete each sentence.1. The __________ of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been steadily rising.A) concentrationB) consumptionC) conservationD) contamination2. The government has implemented strict __________ to reduce air pollution in the city.A) regulationsB) renovationC) recreationD) rejuvenation3. The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for monitoring and enforcing laws related to environmental__________.A) pollutionB) preservationC) protectionD) provisionPart III: GrammarChoose the correct verb form to complete each sentence.1. The students __________ (study) for their exams all week.A) have been studyingB) had studiedC) will studyD) were studying2. By the time we get to the beach, the sun __________ (set) and it will be dark.A) will setB) is settingC) has setD) will have set3. I wish I __________ (know) more about renewable energy sources.A) had knownB) knewC) will knowD) have knownPart IV: WritingWrite a short essay (200-300 words) on the following topic:"Discuss the importance of environmental engineering in today's society. What are some of the key challenges facing environmental engineers, and how can they be addressed?"Remember to include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion in your essay. Use examples and evidence to support your ideas.Good luck with your exam!篇3Beijing University of TechnologyDepartment of Environmental EngineeringFinal ExamEnglish SectionInstructions:This exam contains three sections: Reading Comprehension, Vocabulary, and Writing. Please read the instructions carefully before starting the exam.Reading Comprehension (50 points)Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions below.The concept of sustainable development has gained increasing attention in recent years. It refers to the idea of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This involves balancing economic growth, social progress, and environmental protection. Sustainable development requires a long-term perspective and a holistic approach todecision-making.1. What does sustainable development mean?2. What are the key elements of sustainable development?3. Why is sustainable development important?Vocabulary (30 points)Choose the correct word that best fits each sentence.1. The government has implemented _____ measures to reduce air pollution in the city.A) stringentB) lenientC) moderateD) severe2. It is important for industries to adopt _____ practices to minimize their impact on the environment.A) sustainableB) wastefulC) harmfulD) irresponsibleWriting (20 points)Write an essay of 300-400 words on the following topic:"The role of environmental engineers in promoting sustainable development."In your essay, discuss the responsibilities of environmental engineers in addressing environmental challenges andpromoting sustainable practices. Provide examples of projects or initiatives that have successfully contributed to sustainable development.End of ExamPlease submit your completed exam to your proctor. Good luck!Note: This exam is for evaluation purposes only. It will not affect your final grade in the course. Thank you for participating in the exam.---This document is a sample of a final exam for the Department of Environmental Engineering at Beijing University of Technology. Students are required to demonstrate their knowledge of sustainable development, environmental engineering principles, and English language skills in this comprehensive exam.。

北外考博试题

北外考博试题题目一：1. 阅读理解Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions based on what you have read.China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was introduced in 2013 by President Xi Jinping, aiming to enhance connectivity, trade, and cooperation between China and countries along the ancient Silk Road routes. The BRI has received both praise and criticism from various scholars and experts.One of the benefits of the BRI is the potential for economic development and poverty reduction. By investing in infrastructure projects such as roads, railways, and ports, China can help improve transportation networks in partner countries. This will not only facilitate the movement of goods and services but also stimulate economic growth and create job opportunities. Many countries along the BRI routes have indeed experienced positive impacts, with increased trade volume and improved living conditions.Another advantage of the BRI is cultural exchange and people-to-people connectivity. As the BRI promotes cooperation in various fields, including education, tourism, and cultural exchanges, it allows for a deeper understanding and appreciation of different cultures. This can contribute to the promotion of mutual respect, understanding, and peace among nations.However, the BRI also faces challenges and criticisms. One of the concerns raised is the debt trap phenomenon. Some argue that China'sextensive lending to partner countries for infrastructure projects may result in unsustainable debt burdens, especially for poorer nations. This financial burden could hinder their long-term development and sovereignty.Additionally, there are concerns regarding environmental sustainability. The construction of large-scale infrastructure projects under the BRI may have adverse effects on the environment, such as deforestation, habitat destruction, and pollution. It is crucial for China and partner countries to work together to ensure environmentally friendly practices are implemented throughout the projects.In conclusion, the Belt and Road Initiative has the potential to bring about significant economic development, cultural exchange, and connectivity benefits. However, it is essential to address the challenges and criticisms to ensure the long-term sustainability and positive impacts of the initiative.1. According to the passage, what is the main goal of China's Belt and Road Initiative?2. List two benefits of the Belt and Road Initiative.3. What are two concerns or criticisms regarding the initiative?题目二：2. 短文改错Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of one error. In each case, only one word is involved.Read the passage carefully and identify the error in each line. If the line contains no error, write "Correct" in the corresponding space.When I was a child, I often visited my grandfather's shop in the town. It was a little, old shop with full of interesting things. There were old books, strange toys, and even some clocks, which were really old and valuable. I used to spend hours to look at each item carefully, imagining the stories behind them. My grandfather would tell me about the histories of some of the items. It was like being in a time capsule, and I loved the atmosphere of the shop. I wish I could back in time to experience it again. While the shop no longer exist, the memories they've left me will always remain.题目三：3. 议论文Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay on the given topic. You should present your ideas logically and coherently, providing arguments and examples to support your points.Title: The Influence of Social Media on Interpersonal RelationshipsOutline:I. IntroductionA. Briefly introduce the prevalence of social media in today's societyB. State the importance of interpersonal relationshipsII. Advantages of social media on interpersonal relationshipsA. Increased connectivity and communicationB. Facilitation of long-distance relationshipsC. Opportunities for networking and expanding social circlesIII. Disadvantages of social media on interpersonal relationshipsA. Distraction and decreased face-to-face interactionB. Privacy concerns and the "highlight reel" effectC. Misunderstandings and conflicts due to online communicationIV. Recommendations for maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships in the era of social mediaA. Prioritize face-to-face interaction and quality timeB. Use social media mindfully and with moderationC. Foster open and honest communicationV. ConclusionA. Summarize the main points discussed in the essayB. Emphasize the importance of balancing social media use with maintaining meaningful relationships.题目四：4. 实验报告Directions: The following experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of caffeine on short-term memory. Read the report and answer the questions that follow.Title: The Effects of Caffeine on Short-term MemoryIntroduction: This experiment aimed to examine the impact of caffeine on short-term memory performance. Previous studies have indicated that caffeine has both positive and negative effects on cognitive functions, including memory. However, the specific effects on short-term memory have not been extensively researched.Method:1. Participants: 50 healthy adult volunteers (25 males, 25 females) aged between 20-30 years were randomly assigned to two groups.2. Group 1: The experimental group received a caffeine pill containing 200mg of caffeine.3. Group 2: The control group received a placebo pill containing no caffeine.4. Procedure: Participants were instructed to take the pill one hour before the memory test. The memory test consisted of recalling a list of 20 words immediately after presentation.5. Results: The results were recorded as the number of correctly recalled words out of 20.Results:1. Experimental group: The mean number of correctly recalled words was 15.2.2. Control group: The mean number of correctly recalled words was 14.5.Discussion: The findings suggest that caffeine consumption may slightly enhance short-term memory performance. Although the difference between the experimental and control groups was not statistically significant, the experimental group showed a slightly higher mean number of correctly recalled words. Further research with a larger sample size and different memory tasks is recommended to obtain more conclusive results.Conclusion: This experiment provides initial insights into the effects of caffeine on short-term memory but requires further investigation for more comprehensive understanding.Questions:1. What was the goal of the experiment?2. How many participants were in the control group?3. What were the mean numbers of correctly recalled words in the experimental and control groups?4. What is the suggested future direction for research based on the results?5. Write a brief conclusion summarizing the experiment's findings.。

2023年考博英语真题及答案

2023考博英语真题及答案PART 1 TRANSLATION (Chinese to English )1.为了减缓交通，提高空气质量，北京公布了新的交通规章。

To relieve the traffic and improve the air quality, new traffic regulations have been issued in Beijing.考点一：减缓交通(relieve the traffic)考点二：公布(issue)2.有牢靠的证据说明，日光暴晒与皮肤癌之间有联系。

(evidence) There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure to sunlight and skin cancer.考点一：日光曝晒(exposure to sunlight)考点二：“皮肤癌”一词的翻译3.虽然他深知吸烟有害安康，但他对我们要他戒烟的忠告却置若罔闻。

(aware)Tough he is aware that smoking is harmful to health, he is always turning a deaf ear to our advice that he give up smoking.考点一：be aware of 的用法考点二：be harmful to 的用法考点三：对置若罔闻(turn a deaf ear to)4.科学家们不负众望，胜利放射了一枚人造卫星。

(live)The scientists successfully launched a man-made satellite, living up to peoples expectation.考点一：不负众望(live up to peoples expectation)考点二：放射卫星(launch a satellite)5.那场大雾直到11点钟才散去，延误了好几十个航班。

北京大学博士英语试题及答案

北京大学博士英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下列短文，然后回答1-5题。

The rise of digital technology has transformed the way welive and work. It has also changed the way we communicate. In the past, people mainly relied on face-to-face communicationor letters to convey messages. However, with the advent ofthe internet and smartphones, instant messaging and social media have become the primary means of communication for many.1. What is the main topic of the passage? (4分)A. The impact of digital technology on communication.B. The history of communication methods.C. The importance of face-to-face communication.D. The disadvantages of social media.2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a communication method mentioned? (4分)A. Face-to-face communication.B. Letters.C. Instant messaging.D. Radio broadcasts.3. What does the passage imply about the future of communication? (4分)A. It will become more personal.B. It will rely more on digital technology.C. It will return to traditional methods.D. It will become less frequent.4. What is the purpose of the passage? (4分)A. To inform readers about new communication technologies.B. To persuade readers to use traditional communication methods.C. To describe the history of communication methods.D. To analyze the effects of digital technology on communication.5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? (4分)A. The passage argues that digital technology has had a negative impact on communication.B. The passage suggests that digital technology has made communication more efficient.C. The passage states that people no longer use face-to-face communication.D. The passage claims that the internet and smartphones have replaced all other communication methods.二、词汇与语法（共30分）Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence. Write the letter of the correct answer in the blank.6. The company has decided to ________ its employees with the latest technology.A. equipB. qualifyC. supplyD. provide7. Despite the heavy rain, they ________ the mountain successfully.A. climbedB. ascendedC. roseD. lifted8. The new policy will ________ a significant impact on the economy.A. haveB. takeC. makeD. get9. She is ________ to be the best candidate for the job.A. likelyB. probableC. possibleD. potential10. The book is ________ interesting that I can hardly put it down.A. soB. veryC. tooD. quite三、翻译（共20分）Translate the following sentence into English.11. 随着人工智能的发展，许多传统行业正在经历转型。

博士考试试题及答案英语

博士考试试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The correct spelling of the word "phenomenon" is:A. fenomenonB. phenomonC. phenominonD. phenomenon答案：D2. Which of the following is not a verb?A. to runB. to jumpC. to flyD. flight答案：D3. The phrase "break the ice" means:A. to start a conversationB. to stop a conversationC. to make a decisionD. to end a conversation答案：A4. The opposite of "positive" is:A. negativeB. optimisticC. pessimisticD. positive答案：A5. Which of the following is not a preposition?A. inB. onC. atD. is答案：D6. The word "perspective" can be used to describe:A. a point of viewB. a physical locationC. a mathematical calculationD. a scientific experiment答案：A7. The phrase "a piece of cake" is used to describe something that is:A. difficultB. boringC. easyD. expensive答案：C8. The verb "to accommodate" means:A. to refuseB. to ignoreC. to provide space or servicesD. to argue答案：C9. The word "meticulous" is an adjective that describes someone who is:A. lazyB. carelessC. very careful and preciseD. confused答案：C10. The phrase "to go viral" refers to:A. to become sickB. to spread quickly on the internetC. to travel by planeD. to become extinct答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "____" means a sudden loud noise.答案：bang2. "____" is the term used to describe a person who is very knowledgeable.答案：savant3. The phrase "to turn a blind eye" means to ____.答案：ignore4. The word "____" is used to describe a situation that is very difficult to understand.答案：enigmatic5. "____" is a term used to describe a person who is very good at remembering things.答案：eidetic6. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very talkative.答案：loquacious7. The phrase "to ____" means to make something more complex. 答案：complicate8. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very organized and efficient.答案：methodical9. The phrase "to ____" means to make a plan or to decide ona course of action.答案：strategize10. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is verycurious and eager to learn.答案：inquisitive三、阅读理解（每题4分，共20分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。