清华考博英语真题及答案解析

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北大清华人大社科院中科院考博英语难度分析

北大清华人大社科院中科院考博英语难度分析硕士阶段的学习使考生在专业课部分很难拉开分数。

反倒是英语科目，由于基础和水平的参差不齐，会影响到考试整体的分数档次，考博英语难吗？如何复习达到高效？1、题型由于考博英语试题由各招生单位自己独立命题，所以不同院校的考博英语试题题型风格不尽相同。

就题型而言，一般都含有词汇结构、完形填空、阅读理解、汉英互译、作文题。

很多院校初试不再考听力，而在复试通过口语形式考查。

但有些院校仍在初试考查听力，甚至很重视听力分数。

有些学校还有改错题，应用文，甚至其他题型。

少数院校不考作文，但翻译比较长。

很多院校主观题的分数所占比重都较高，占1/3甚至1/2比重。

2、难度考博英语重视考查翻译、写作等与攻读博士学位相关的应用能力，所以其难度不能简单与其他考试比较。

但一般来说，考博英语试题的难度约相当于大学英语六级，但少数院校比六级难，有些院校甚至只相当于四级水平，甚至同一院校不同年份的难易程度也迥异。

这是由于考博英语试题的命制没有其他英语水平考试、选拔考试规范，往往因出题人不同而有区别。

所以，报考相应院校的考生一定要看一看该院校近年的考博英语真题。

3、词汇保守估计，考博英语需要掌握7000~8000单词，900常用动词短语。

当然，一般掌握了六级及硕士研究生入学考试的词汇，通过考博英语也没有多大问题，只是词汇题可能失去少数分数。

长期关注和研究考博英语试题，反对有些所谓考博英语词汇书所讲的考博需要掌握1万甚至1万以上词汇的观点。

事实上，背诵那么多词汇是没有多大意义的，考博英语考查的重点不是考生掌握了多少词汇，而如上文所述，是阅读、翻译、写作能力。

所以，词汇够用即可，建议复习自己当年很熟悉的考研词汇、六级词汇，然后略加拓展，如可看看公共英语等级考试五级词汇、新托福词汇、部分GRE词汇。

有些院校公布了词汇表或参考词汇表，但实际出题人并不怎么按大纲出题。

英语说到底还是个水平问题。

4、语法大部分院校考博英语试题都不直接考查语法，但语法有必要全面复习一下。

清华考博辅导：清华大学中国语言文学考博难度解析及经验分享

清华考博辅导：清华大学中国语言文学考博难度解析及经验分享根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知全国开设中国语言文学专业的大学参与了排名，其中排名第一的是北京大学，排名第二的是北京师范大学，排名第三的是复旦大学。

作为清华大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，人文学院的中国语言文学一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第十五。

下面是启道考博整理的关于清华大学中国语言文学考博相关内容。

一、专业介绍清华大学中国语言文学是属于清华大学人文学院，中国语言文学包括语言和文学两个大的专业，是中国大学史上最早开设的专业之一，出现于19世纪末。

20世纪80年代以后，汉语言文学专业得到了很大的发展。

一个多世纪以来，汉语言文学专业培养了一大批知名学者、教授、作家、记者、剧作家等，对中国人文科学做出了极大的贡献。

按照教育部对学科门类的划分，它主要包括语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学、文艺学、中国古典文献学、中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、中国少数民族语言文学、比较文学与世界文学8个二级学科，每个二级学科下面，又分若干个研究方向，具体到每个学校，这8个二级学科不一定都会设置硕士点;研究方向的划分，不同院系也是根据自身的科研条件和师资力量来确立，可以说是"各自为政"。

清华大学人文学院中国语言文学专业在博士招生方面，划分为9个研究方向：050100 中国语言文学博士研究方向：01 中国现当代文学02 比较文学与世界文学03 文艺学04 中国古代文学05 中国古典文献学06 汉语言文字07 语言学与应用语言学08 计算语言学09 中国少数民族语言和文献此专业实行申请考核制。

二、考试内容清华大学管理中国语言文学专业博士研究生招生为资格审查加综合考核形式，由笔试+专业面试+英语口语构成。

其中，综合考核内容为:综合考核形式为面试。

每位考生约30分钟，满分100分。

面试重点考查申请人在本学科攻读博士学位的专业基础知识、基本素养、学术能力、学术志趣和英语水平(或日语、俄语水平)等。

清华考博辅导：清华大学工商管理考博难度解析及经验分享

清华考博辅导：清华大学工商管理考博难度解析及经验分享根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知，全国共有170所开设工商管理专业的大学参与了2017-2018工商管理专业大学排名，其中排名第一的是中国人民大学，排名第二的是清华大学，排名第三的是上海交通大学。

作为清华大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，工商管理一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第二。

下面是启道考博整理的关于清华大学工商管理考博相关内容。

一、专业介绍工商管理是研究工商企业经济管理基本理论和一般方法的学科，主要包括企业的经营战略制定和内部行为管理两个方面。

工商管理专业的应用性很强，它的目标是依据管理学、经济学、会计学等基本理论，通过运用现代管理的方法和手段来进行有效的企业管理和经营决策，保证企业的生存和发展。

清华大学工商管理专业在博士招生方面，划分为4个研究方向：120200工商管理研究方向：01会计；02营销管理；03创新、创业与战略；04领导力与组织管理此专业实行申请考核制。

二、考试内容清华大学工商管理专业博士研究生招生为资格审查加综合考核形式，由笔试+面试构成。

其中，综合考核内容为:按学科专业方向安排面试和笔试。

1、面试：面试考核小组成员不少于5人，注重外语能力、基础理论，尤其是创新意识和创新能力、科研水平和研究潜质、学术兴趣和学术能力等。

每位评委独立打分，平均分为最终面试成绩。

2、笔试：笔试时间2至3小时，相关科目如下。

综合考核时间、地点：2018年9月17日-18日（具体时间地点待通知）三、时间安排1.博士生申请在每年的8-9月和11月。

2.直博生（包括夏令营拟录取的直博生）、硕博连读生及部分9月份招收普博生的院系8-9月申请，9月中下旬考试录取，见当年招生简章及目录、招生说明、直博直硕招生要求。

其他类别的考生11月份申请，来年3月份考试，见每年的对外招生目录（10月底上网）。

3.9月份考试由院系组织，持身份证参加考试，无需下载准考证。

清华大学考博英语模拟试卷12(题后含答案及解析)

清华大学考博英语模拟试卷12(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．The assessment center gives each applicant the opportunity to ______ whether they are suited to the work.A．exemplifyB．demonstrateC．exposeD．exhibit正确答案：B2．Fresh fruits and vegetables are generally less expensive when they are in________.A．saleB．needC．seasonD．time正确答案：C解析：“in sale”无此搭配．应为“on sale”，表示“出售，拍卖”，“in need”表示“需要的”。

“in season”表示“(水果等)应时的，时令的，“in time”表示“及时地，准时地”。

3．It is naive to expect (hat any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with_______.A．for longB．in and outC．once for allD．by nature正确答案：C解析：once for all是“一劳永逸”。

A for long是“长久”；B．in and out是“里外”；D．by nature是“本质上”。

4．Mrs. Mary wore a string of beadsaround her neck.A．small pieces of goldB．small balls of precious stonesC．small pieces of woodD．small balls of glass正确答案：D解析：beads“有孔的小珠”与D项small balls of glass相符。

清华大学考博英语必备翻译知识点与例句

清华大学考博英语必备翻译知识点与例句1.When I fetched the sketch on the stretcher I found the secretary's secret.当我拿来担架上的素描时我发现了秘书的秘密.2.The mutual spirits inspired us to reach the annual aim.相互的精神鼓舞了我们达到年度目标.3.The roaring oar hit the coarse keyboard on the cupboard aboard the boat.轰鸣的桨击中了船上碗柜上的粗糙键盘.4.My intimate mate's ultimate estimate approximates the appropriate value.我亲密伙伴的最终估计接近恰当的值.需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

5.In case of necessity,necessary session can be held on the vessel.必要时,必需的开庭可在船舶上进行.6.By the navigation of microwave,the navy paved a pavement on the wavy sea.借助微波导航，海军在多浪的大海上铺了一条路。

7.The minority of us are confronted with difficulty in the frontier of the major.我们少数人在该专业尖端领域面临困难.8.From the context of the text,I find the next pretext forselling the textile.我从课文的前后关系中找到卖纺织品的下一个借口.9.The systematic items stem from the walker's talk about the chalk.这些系统的条款来源于步行者关于粉笔的谈话.10.Theoretically,their heir's theory of meteorology can explain the meteor.从理论上讲，他们的继承人的气象理论能解释这种大气现象。

清华考博辅导：清华大学环境学院考博难度解析经验分享

清华考博辅导：清华大学环境学院考博难度解析及经验分享清华大学环境学院 2019 年博士研究生招生实行“申请―审核”制，符合《清华大学 2019 年博士研究生招生简章》中报考条件的申请人提交相关材料，依据考生申请材料的综合评价结果确定差额综合考核名单，经综合考核后择优推荐拟录取。

强军计划、少数民族骨干计划、论文博士等采取相同的办法同时进行。

一、院系简介清华大学环境学院源于1928 年设立的市政工程系，在我国环境工程学科的奠基人陶葆楷先生的带领下，经过几代人的艰苦奋斗逐步发展壮大。

1977 年建立我国第一个环境工程专业，1984 年成立环境工程系，1988 年被评为我国唯一的环境工程重点学科；1997 年更名为环境科学与工程系，2001 年和2007 年两次蝉联环境工程国家重点学科，2009 年和2013年两次在教育部学科评估中获得环境科学与工程一级学科第一名；2011 年在清华大学喜庆百年华诞之际发展为环境学院。

在最近的数十年中，在教育部、环境保护部、科学技术部、住房与城乡建设部等有关部委的大力支持下，在历届校院党委和行政的直接领导下，经过全体师生员工的努力拼搏，环境学院在学科建设、人才培养、科学研究、师资队伍、基地建设、国际合作等方面取得了优秀的成绩。

建立了以环境工程、环境科学、环境管理、市政工程、辐射防护与环境保护、生态学为重点的学科体系，组建了一支以钱易院士、郝吉明院士和贺克斌院士为学术带头人的高水平师资队伍，培养了一大批环境保护工程技术、科学研究和行政管理人才，已经有7 名环境学科的教师和校友当选中国工程院院士；建立了“环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室”、“联合国环境规划署巴塞尔公约亚太地区协调中心”等高水平的开放式研究机构，长期担任教育部高等学校“环境科学与工程教学指导委员会”和“环境工程专业教学指导分委员会”的主任单位，为国家重大环境问题的解决和可持续发展战略的实施提供了技术服务、理论支持和决策支撑，成为我国重要的环境保护高层次人才培养基地和高水平科学研究中心，在我国的环境保护领域享有极高的声誉。

2011年考博英语复习(有答案)

2011通用考博完型、改错、语法课程讲义第一章：概况第三章：完形填空专项练习1、Passage 3(1)(2)(3) (2004清华大学)For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the 61 of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel 62 to go to bed and pleased when the journey 63 . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed 64 earlier than usual. When I 65 my cabin, I was surprised 66 that I was to havea companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected 67 but there was a suitcase 68 mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet 69 ，except that he was wearing 70 good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not 71 whoever he was and did not say 72 As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered 73 as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a 74 was coming from the window opposite.I thought perhaps I had forgotten 75 the door, so I got up 76 the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and 77 the moon shone through it on to the other bed. 78 there. It took me a minute or two to 79 the door myself. I realized that my companion 80 through the window into the sea.61．A. reason B．motive C．cause D．sake 62．A. tired enough B．enough tired C．enough tiring D．enough tiring 63．A. is achieved B．finish C．is over D．is in the end64．A. quite B．rather C．fairly D．somehow 65．A. arrived in B．reached to C．arrived to D．reached at66．A. for seeing B．that I saw C．at seeing D．to see 67．A. being lonely B．to be lonely C．being alone D．to be alone 68．A. like B．as C．similar than D．the same that69．A. in each place B．for all parts C．somewhere D．anywhere 70．A. a so B．so C．such a D．such 71．A. treat together well B．pass together wellC．get on well together D．go by well together72．A. him a single word B．him not one wordC．a single word to him D．not one word to him73．A. up me B．up myself C．up to myself D．myselfup74．A. draft B．voice C．air D．sound75．A. to close B．closing C．to have to close D．forclosing76．A. to shut B．for shutting C．in shutting D．butshut77．A. while doing like that B．as I did like thatC．as I did so D．at doing so78．A. It was no one B．There was no oneC．It was anyone D．There was anyone79．A. remind to lock B．remember to lockC．remind locking D．remember locking80．A. had to jump B．was to have jumpedC．must have jumped D．could be jumped4、定语从句（1）1. The professor and her achievement ___ you told me about are admired by us allA. whoB. whichC. thatD. whom5. This is the best book ___ on the subject.A. which there isB. that there isC. which isD. what is2. I don’t suppose anything happens ___ he doesn’t foresee.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as5、定语从句练习 Unit1（1）15. This is the shop ___ I often speak to you.A. whereB. whichC. of whichD. in which16. This is the shop ___ I often buy food stuff.A. whereB. whichC. of whichD. to which10. There can’t be any life on Venus, ___ the temperature is as high as 900F.A whichB when C. where D there31. I have kept up a friendship with a girl who I was at school __twenty years ago.A. aboutB. sinceC. tillD. with6、定语从句（2）--三个重要的关系代词3. Such people __ know Tom thought he was a trustworthy man.A. thatB. whichC. asD. whatAs引导定语从句：eg. He is honest as we know.As we know he is honest.Passage 1Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th centuryand the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened1 . As was discussed before, it was not2 the 19th century that the newspaperbecame the dominant pre-electronic 3 ，following in the wake of the pamphletand the book and in the 4 of the periodical.As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became“personal” too, as well as 13 ，with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing .Passage13Families have also 13 changes these years．more families consist ofone-parent households or two working parents; 14 ，children are likely to haveless supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 .13．A. survived B．noticed C．undertaken D．experienced14．A. contrarily B．consequently C．similarly D．simultaneously15．A. than B．that C．which D．as16．A. system B．structure C．concept D．heritage2. I don’t suppose anything happens ___ he doesn’t foresee.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as3. Such people __ know Tom thought he was a trustworthy man.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what11. The reason__ he died was lack of medical care.A. which B for that C as D why14. We may encounter situations ___ this principle cannot be applied.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. as7、定语从句练习 Unit1（2）10. There can’t be any life on Venus, ___ the temperature is as high as 900F.A whichB when C. where D there25. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ___ his argument in favor ofthe new theory.A. which to base onB. on which to baseC. to base on whichD. which to be based on23. They will move into the new house next Friday, ____ it will be completely furnished.A. by the timeB. by which timeC. by that timeD. by this time20. The quality of teaching should be measured by the degree ___ the students’ potentiality is developed.A. of whichB. with whichC. in whichD. to which26. Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions, ___ have been mentionedin previous pages.A. a few ofB. a few of whichC. a few of thatD. a few of them8、完形填空的出题方向（1）passage 5Are you always sure you know what people mean when they try to describe theirfeelings to you? We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but theproblem is the these words and gestures can be interpreted in different ways．It is true that a smile means the same things in any language. So 51 laughteror crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way differentanimals show the 52 feeling. Does, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably 53 such behavior patterns are inherited rather than 54 .Fear is another emotion that is shown in 55 the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English fiction, a phrase like he went pale and began to tremble' suggests that the man is 56 very afraid or has just had a very nasty shock. However,' he opened his eyes wide' is used to suggested anger in Chinese 57 in English it conveys surprise. In Chinese surprise can be described in a phrase like' they stretched 58 their tongues'．Sticking out your tongue in 59 is an insulting gesture or expresses disgust．Even in the same 60 , people differ 61 their ability to interpret and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men 62 recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people's faces. Disgust, contempt and suffering seem to 63 the most difficult emotions for people everywhere either to recognize or to 64 ．Other studies have 65 that older people usually find 66 easier to interpret body language （the way people stand or move etc.）than younger people 67 , and psychologists such as E. G．Beier have also shown that some people frequently give completely the wrong impression of 68 they feel. For instance, they try to show affection but in fact actually communicate dislike. Or when they want to show interest, they give the impression that they don't care. This can happen even among close friends and members of the same family. In 69 words, what we think we are communicating through language, voice, face and body movements may be the exact 70 of what other people understand．9、定语从句练习 Unit1（3）14. We may encounter situations ___ this principle cannot be applied.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. as10、what从句的特点9. ____ makes it rather disturbing was arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. Where15. When reports came into London Zoo ___ a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.A. whatB. asC. whichD. that10. ____ , Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the government’s economic policies.A. Although not being an economist himselfB. Although not an economist himselfC. Although not having been an economist himselfD. Although being no an economist himself11、than引导定语从句的情况7. A microscope can reveal vastly __ detail than is visible to the naked eye.A. thanB. than moreC. more thanD. more6. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than___ in the public today.A. existsB. existC. existingD. existed…. children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 .15．A. than B．that C．which D．as12、as引导定语从句的情况（1）7. ____, he still retained the use of all his faculties.A. Because he was old and weakB. As he was old and sickC. Unless he was old and sickD. Old and sick as he wasAlthough he is a child, he can work out the problem.As引导倒装时，必须省冠词。

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编55(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编55(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Fred is ______ from school for a week for bad conduct.A．expelledB．suspendedC．preventedD．discharged正确答案：B解析：suspend vt.暂停，暂缓；使暂时停止(工作或上学)；悬，挂，吊(如：To suspend a workman is to order him not to carry out his usual duties for the time being．The committee suspended two members of the team．The trial is to be suspended whlie new evidence is considered．They have suspended work until next week)。

expel(from)vt．开除；驱逐；排出。

prevent(from)vt.预防，防止。

discharge(from)vt．释放：排出：允许离开。

2．A UN official said that aid programs would be ______ until there was adequate protection for relief convoy.(2005年电子科技大学考博试题) A．dependedB．suspendedC．postponedD．expended正确答案：B解析：本题空格处是说援助计划将被延缓。

B项“suspended延缓”符合题意，如：We suspended the building work during the rain．(下雨天我们中断了建筑工作。

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编20.doc

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编20.doc－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编20(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.It was difficult to see through the ______ fog.（分数：2.00）A.denseB.crowded/doc/ea9fb3a30640be1e650e52ea551810a6f424c811.htmlpressedD.condensed2.Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ______ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.（分数：2.00）A.deprivesB.restrictsC.rejectsD.denies3.A large shop is divided into______.（分数：2.00）A.divisionsB.sectionsC.departmentsD.categories4.Despite technical progress, food production is still completely______on weather.（分数：2.00）A.reliableB.dependableC.dependentD.inseparable5.He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.(2004年中国人民大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.depictB.advocateC.criticizeD.analyze6.Baroque has been the term used by art historian for almost a century to______ the dominant style of the period 1600~1750. (2004年西南财经大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.determineB.designateC.deviseD.depict7.Allen will soon find out that real life is seldom as simple as it is ______ in commercials.(2006年中南大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.permeatedB.allegedC.depictedD.drafted8.He knew that the area's rich plant life had been severely______by the huge herds of cows grazing the land.(2013年3月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.depletedB.decomposedC.corrupted9.When the headmaster is away the ______headmaster looks after the school for him.（分数：2.00）A.juniorB.deputyC.authoritativeD.dignified10.I seem to have reached a rather gloomy conclusion, but I think that something cheerful may still be______ from it.（分数：2.00）A.derivedB.extractedC.abstractedD.adapted11.Advanced mammals such as monkeys, apes and humans have brains ______ from ancestors that took to living in the trees.(2004年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.derivedB.progressedC.terminatedD.advanced12.On turning round the comer we saw the road______ steeply.（分数：2.00）A.fallingB.decreasingC.descendingD.lowering13.I want to talk about all these points in______order of importance.(2002年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.decliningB.descendingC.plungingD.falling14.His employer ______ him as lacking in initiative and drive.（分数：2.00）A.accountedB.ascribed/doc/ea9fb3a30640be1e650e52ea551810a6f424c811.htmlmentedD.described15.The soldiers who______ from the army were severely punished.（分数：2.00）A.desertedB.leftC.betrayedD.stayed16.They are taught by their superiors that a soldier who______his post in time of war is to be shot.(2002年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.desertsB.deflectsC.detainsD.threw17.I have devoted four weekends to writing papers and now I feel I ______a rest.（分数：2.00）A.deserveB.preferC.entitle18.The school has been ______ as the meeting place for the evening art club.(2007年中国矿业大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.designedB.designatedC.divertedD.diagnosed19.We're moving to a more ______ neighborhood.（分数：2.00）A.desirousB.desirableC.preferableD.respectful20.Alone in London, without friends, work or money, Shelley fell into______.（分数：2.00）A.despairB.disappointmentC.dissatisfactionD.disgust21.If you call the 911 emergency number, they will______ firemen, policemen, and paramedics immediately.(2002年中国社会科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.assignB.detachC.attachD.dispatch22.A______man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.（分数：2.00）A.distressedB.wretchedC.miserableD.desperate23.We travel from our starting point to our______.（分数：2.00）A.endB.conclusionC.destinationD.terminal24.The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived al our______ almost two hours later.(2003年上海交通大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.designationB.destinyC.destinationD.dignity25.He was______ to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.(2003年清华大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.deducedB.dampedC.diminishedD.destined感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。

考博英语词汇历年真题试卷汇编57_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编57(总分50, 做题时间90分钟)1. Structure and Vocabulary1.**ing of the railways in the 1830s______our society and economic life.SSS_SINGLE_SELA transmittedB transportedC transferredD transformed分值: 2答案:D解析：transform(into)vt．改造，改善；使改观；变换，使变样(transform an old house into a showplace；transform heat into power；transform sb．into a responsible person)。

transmit vt．传送，传递，输送；播送，发射。

transport vt.运输，运送。

transfer vt.转移，转换；调动。

2.These technological advances in communication have______ the way people do business.(2006年厦门大学考博试题)SSS_SINGLE_SELA revoltedB adoptedC representedD transformed分值: 2答案:D解析：通信方面的技术进步改变了人们经商的方式。

四个选项中，revolted的意思是“反抗，起义，反叛”；adopted的意思是“采用，收养”：represented的意思是“表现，描绘，声称，象征”：transformed的意思是“转换，改变，改造，使……变形”。

根据题意，D项为正确答案。

3.Planning our vocation we must take the frequent ______ of the weather into consideration.(2008年四川大学考博试题)SSS_SINGLE_SELA transformationB transmissionC transactionD transition分值: 2答案:A解析：transaction交易，处理；transition过度，转变。

清华大学考博英语阅读题及其解析

清华大学考博英语阅读题及其解析Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about105malesborn for every100females,but this ratio drops to near balance atthe age of maturity,and among70-year-olds there are twice as manywomen as men.But the great universal of male mortality is beingchanged.Now,boy babies survive almost as well as girls do.This meansthat,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in thosecrucial years when they are searching for a mate.More important,another chance for natural selection has been removed.Fifty yearsago,the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving dependedon its weight.A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certaindeath.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the Gengduo yuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zixun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xunqq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi variation is due to genes,one moreagent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past.Except in some religious communities,very few women have15children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has becomeaverage.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring.Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selectionto take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening.The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and povertyfor the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today―everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost80%of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past100,000 years—even the past100years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not.We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:“they look at an organic being as average looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”No doubt we will remember a20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness.But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.15.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?[A]A lack of mates.[B]A fierce competition.[C]A lower survival rate.[D]A defective gene.16.What does the example of India illustrate?[A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.[B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.[C]The middle class population is80%smaller than that of the tribes.[D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because____.[A]life has been improved by technological advance[B]the number of female babies has been declining[C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution[D]the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?[A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution[B]Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature[D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere名师解析15.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?根据第一段，做男人以前有什么危险?[A]A lack of mates.缺少配偶。

清华考博辅导：清华大学外国语言文学考博难度解析及经验分享

清华考博辅导：清华大学外国语言文学考博难度解析及经验分享根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知全国开设外国语言文学专业的大学参与了排名，其中排名第一的是北京外国语大学，排名第二的是上海外国语大学，排名第三的是北京大学。

作为清华大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，人文学院的外国语言文学一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第九。

下面是启道考博整理的关于清华大学外国语言文学考博相关内容。

一、专业介绍清华大学外国语言文学是属于清华大学人文学院，外国语言文学，是文学门类下的一级学科名称，设有英语语言文学、俄语语言文学、法语语言文学、德语语言文学、日语语言文学、印度语言文学、西班牙语语言文学、阿拉伯语语言文学、欧洲语言文学、亚非语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学11个二级学科专业。

清华大学人文学院外国语言文学专业在博士招生方面，划分为8个研究方向：050200 外国语言文学博士研究方向：01 语言、心理与认知02 应用语言学与语言教育03 语言、文化与社会04 欧美文学与批评理论05 翻译学与跨文化研究06 比较文学研究与跨文化理论07 东亚语言与文化08 文学与思想史研究此专业实行申请考核制。

二、考试内容清华大学管理外国语言文学专业博士研究生招生为资格审查加综合考核形式，由笔试+专业面试+英语口语构成。

其中，综合考核内容为:综合考核形式为面试。

每位考生约30分钟，满分100分。

面试重点考查申请人在本学科攻读博士学位的专业基础知识、基本素养、学术能力、学术志趣和英语水平(或日语、俄语水平)等。

综合考核安排在九月中下旬，具体时间另行通知。

三、时间安排1.博士生申请在每年的8-9月和11月。

其他类别的考生11月份申请，来年3月份考试，见每年的对外招生目录（10月底上网）。

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编51(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编51(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The Taganka production Poslushaite(“Listen”), culled from statements and works of Vladimir Mayakovsky, proved to be a singular exception.(2006年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．rejectedB．descendedC．confirmedD．selected正确答案：D解析：这里的culled的意思是“精选”。

四个选项中，rejected的意思是“拒绝，抵制、否决”：descended的意思是“下来，下降：遗传(指财产，气质，权利)”；confirmed的意思是“确定，批准，使巩固，使有效”；selected的意思是“选择，挑选”。

四个选项中，只有D项符合题意要求。

2．What is the______ in going by boat when the plane costs no more and is quicker?(2002年武汉大学考博试题)A．impressionB．meaningC．comprehensionD．sense正确答案：D解析：本题意为“飞机上的开销不比船上大，而且飞机速度更快，那乘船还有什么意义呢?”。

D项“sense道理，意义”符合题意。

其他三项“impression印象；meaning词义；comprehension理解”都不正确。

3．They tossed your thoughts back and forth for over an hour, but still could not make ______of them.(2013年北京航空大学考博试题)A．impressionB．comprehensionC．meaningD．sense正确答案：D解析：本题考查固定词组。

清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解

Part I Vocabulary (20%)Directions: There are forty incomplete sentences in this part For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence, and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. The European Union countries, were once worried that they would not have suppliesof petroleum.A. sufficientB. efficient C potential D. proficient2. We'd like to a table for five for dinner this evening.A. preserveB. reserveC. sustainD. retain3. Britain has the highest of road traffic in the world-over 60 cars for every mile ofroad.A. popularityB. prosperityC. intensityD. density4. I would never have a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate.A. sought forB. accounted forC. turned upD. restored to5. The energy by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.A. transferredB. releasedC. conveyedD. delivered6. It is required that during the process, great care has to be taken to protect the silkfrom damage.A. sensitiveB. sensible C tender D. delicate7. To our , Geoffrey’s illne ss proved not to be as serious as we had feared.A. reliefB. viewC. anxietyD. judgment8. The government will take some action to the two big quarreling companies.A. jigsawB. jotC. impulseD. reconcile9. As automation became popular in most factories, labor was made ♦A. disincentiveB. redundantC. diverseD. discontent10. They have her unreasonable request for her annual salary.A. destinedB. chordedC. repelledD. commenced11. When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite qualified sources of informationand examples.A. unbiasedB. manipulatedC. distortedD. conveyed12. It is apparent that winning the scholarship is o f one's intelligence in the field ofphysics.A. parallelismB. alliterationC. testimonyD. rhythm13. In court he repeated his that he was not guilty in front of the jury.A. impressionsB. alliterationsC. clausesD. assertions14. Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering from shorter periods of business.A. staleB. slackC. ferrousD. abundant5. According to the Geneva n o prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.A. CustomsB. CongressesC. ConventionsD. RoutinesBefore the general election many senior citizens signed the against the spreading ofnuclear arms.A. contractB. petitionC. supplicationD. potential7. Scientists believe that there is not enough oxygen in the Moon’s atmosphere to plant life.A. adaptB. personalizeC. sustain D, describeI can’t remember exactly what triggered the explosion but it was pretty .A. estimatingB. devastatingC. reprocessingD. preferringThe industry has pumped amounts of money into political campaigns, making itless and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.A. potentialB. substantialC. massiveD. traditional20. I was entrusted to to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.A. contributeB. detractC. convertD. entail21. After 1989, the external vanished, but the danger to American civilization remained.A. disruption B, menace C. liability D, emergence22. The government is trying to help these enterprises out of the by various means.A. flightB. plight C delight D. twilight23. An archaeologist has to pay much attention to details of an unearthed object.A. miserableB. minusC. minuteD. moist24. The girl her tab lemate’s arm to see if she was fast asleep at class.A. pinchedB. punchedC. pitchedD. preached25. Most of the local people involved in the affair have been and dismissed.A. smuggledB. prosecutedC. salutedD. thrived26. I can respect someone who is f or their actions, but I cannot respect someone who is always pointing the finger.A. millenniumB. dominantC. accountableD. commercial27. All the products made in China are sold and distributed in with the U.S. Export Administration Regulations and also local country rules.A. complianceB. prosperityC. merchandise D‘ intersection28. One of the main reasons is that the university’s attracts students and faculty staff all over the world.A. fraudB. respondentC. misconductD. prestige29. Even though the investigation has been going on for two months, the police have no further details about the accident.A. comprisedB. formulatedC. releasedD. incorporated30. They want to stimulate economic growth in the region by offering to foreign investors.A. incentivesB. abundancesC. warriorsD. outnumbers31. Why be about that old coat? There’s no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me.A. sensitiveB. sensibleC. sentimental D, sensational32. and hard work are the cornerstones of this company.A. MutilationB. InnovationC. EmpireD. Strength33. The protests were part of their against the proposed building development in the area.A. commissionB. commitmentC. conventionD. campaign34. Some people seem to on the pressure of working under a deadline.A. render B- evolve C. prevail D. thrive35. These changes have not been sufficient to the losses.A. stemB. stimulate C cause D. compensate36. Psychologists believe that children are easily influenced by their .A. conditionsB. combinations C, peersD. granaries37. Several for global warming have been suggested by climate researchers.A. systemsB. sentences C fallacies D. hypotheses38. These natural resources will be sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues.A, depleted B. deployed C. inclined D. mingled39. The military operations yesterday were targeted at the military installations.A. propelledB. commencedC. plaguedD. modulated40. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the between the computer and the human brain.A. profile B- mighty C. analogy D, leakagePart II Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThere are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language，，，says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately，it’s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.，，One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said * These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We’re teaching kids in the most incredible manner wh at it，s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.”They also sa id “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,OCX) people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield. They also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suidde. If you like, you can also dismember them.”Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seemsunrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?41. Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?A. Those that teach how to fly an airplane.B. Those that teach the features of the earth.C Those that help people use computer language.D. Those that teach computer technology.42. According to the investigators, .A. the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take part in real violent actsB. the new and more sophisticated games teach the players how to kill other peopleC. most computer and online games make the players forget the real life resultsD. most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners43. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB- it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence and computer gamesC. there are now more incidents of violence due to computer gamesD. simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence44. The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show that•A. the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeB. computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC. there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real lifeD. other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real lifePassage TwoThe collapse of the Earth’s magnetic field—which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures—appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.The field’s strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet’s lines of magnetic force*During a reversal，the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity (极）•The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and anintals that rely on the inagnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster, despite daims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the world’s largest effort at tracking the field’s shifts. A grou p of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. “We want to get some idea * of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather，，，said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. “I，m personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the mission.”No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is comingon its way, it might take 2,000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago，when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates electromagnetism. This process is known as the geophysical generator. In a car’s generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.45. According to the passage, the Earth’s magnetic field has•A, misguided many a man and animalB. begun to change in the opposite direction C caused the changes on the polaritiesD. been weakening in strength for a long time46. During the transition of the Earth’s magnetic field*A. the compass will become uselessB. man and animals will be confused in directionsC. the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappearD. the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger47. The author says '. the public has no reason to panic” because•A. the transition is still thousands of years from nowB. the transition can be precisely predicted by scientistsC. the process of the transition will take a very long time to finishD. the new transition will come 780,000 years from now48. The cause of the transition of tiKe Earth、magnetic field comes from .A. the movement deep inside the EarthB. the periodical reverses of the Earth C the force coming from outer space D. the mechanical movement of the EarthPassage ThreeThe terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a jarring reminder that in today’s world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger a visceral response no matter how close ox far away from home tihe event happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morale of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether it’s a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren’t limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.What Is Psychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is predicated upon inducing a climate of fear that is incommensurate with the actual threat，’，says Middle Eastern historian Richard Buliiet of Columbia University. uEvery time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violence becomes an important part of the act itself.”‘There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target，or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person，，，Buliiet tells WebMD. “The point is that it isn’t what you do, but ifs how it，s covered that determines the effect”For example, Buliiet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444 days, was actually one of the most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the U.S. hostages were eventually released unharmed，but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helplessly as each evening’s newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.Buliiet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the group’s power rather than an individual cmninal act. “You don’t have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. It’s an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized，”says Buliiet. ‘The randomness and the ubiquity of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities•，’Psychiatrist Ansar Haroun, who served in the U.S. Army Reserves in the first Gulf War and more recently in Afghanistan，says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because it’s tihe only tactic they have available to them. “They don’t have M-16s, and we have M-16S. They don’t have the mighty military power that we have，and they only have access to things like kidnapping，，，says Haroun, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego.“In psychological warfare，even one beheading can have the psychological impact that might be associated with killing 1,000 of the enemy，”Haroun tells WebMD. ‘"You haven’t really harmed the enemy very much by killing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, terror, and making us all feel bad, you’ve achieved a lot of demoralization,”49. Which of the following statement is NOT among the reasons that change the rules of psychological warfare?A. Break the morale of their opponent.B. Advances in technology.C. The popularity of the Internet,D. Prosperity of media.50. According to Richard Bulliet, why does “publicizing an act of violence becom es animportant part of terrorism itself’？A. Because psychological terrorism is a tactic.B. Because terrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threat.C. Because the use of terrorism is to inspire fear that is more destructive than the actual threat.D‘ Because publicizing the violence can make more people know the actual threat.51. The Iranian hostage crisis shows that .A. the impact of psychological terror relies largely on how the acts are publicizedB. there are various ways to have the impact of psychological terrorC. the American media is effectiveD. the ways determines the effect52. The randomness and the ubiquity of the terrorist acts bring to the public the impressionthat •A. the terrorists are exerting total power over their captivesB. the threat is a collective demonstration of the group’s powerC. the terrorists are powerful and pervasiveD. the force becomes generalized rather than personalizedPassage FourIn a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this fall’s entering classes—the first since Katrina—will be smaller than usual.In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require students—who increasingly are applying to multiple institutions—to make their choices by May 1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications—about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillard won’t release numbers’ but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last year’s record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year, to a record 20,715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted students will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class—1,400, compared with a more typical 1,600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and faculty positions.Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra steps this year to woo admitted students, often by enlisting help from alumni around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mails, phone calls or Web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines, sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last year’s level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition. It，s also hosting town meetings in target cities and regions nationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from August to mid-September “to avert the majority of the hurricane season，”Larkins says. Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-on-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane, among other tihings, has doubled the number of on-campus programs for accepted students and hosted a community service weekend program.While the schools expect applicants to be apprehensive, the admissions officials also see encouraging signs of purposefulness among applicants, “A lot of students who are choosing to come to this city (are) saying, ‘I want to be a part of (the action)，，，，says Stieffel, noting that Loyola’s transfer applications were up 30%. And while applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that students who do apply are serious. “The ones who are applying, we feel, are more likely to come，，，he says.53. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. many of the students require smaller classes than usual in the institutionsB. most college admissions officials cannot predict how many students will commit to enrolling in their institutions by May 1 this yearC many of the students are increasingly applying to multiple institutions to make theirchoices by May 1 this yearD. in typical years, most colleges require students to apply and commit to theirinstitutions54. The following statements are false other than ♦A* Tulane University also saw drops in application this yearB. Xavier University, as a historically black Catholic institution, fell behind the recruitment schedule of Dillard UniversityC. Xavier University dean Winston Brown says the total number that he hopes to enroll is about 1,500 freshmenD. Loyola University will vote on whether to eliminate 17 faculty positions due to receiving fewer applications of students55. In order to attract applicants, Loyola University and Dillard University are ,A. reducing the tuition respectivelyB. hosting meetingsC. increasing the scholarships respectivelyD. extending the application deadline56. The passage mainly concentrates on the subject of .A. the drops of the applicants of the universitiesB. the dilemma of the admission officialsC. the usual rules of college admissionsD. the effects of the hurricanesPassage FiveThe difference between avian flu and human flu that should be commanding our rapt attention today is that avian influenza, specifically the H5N1 strain known as bird flu, threatens to become the young people's plague. And it is a growing contender to cause a devastating worldwide pandemic in the next few years.We are too used to thinking of flu as an annual annoyance that kills only the frail and elderly. But that just isn't the case for H5N1. With a mortality rate of over 50 percent, this bird flu has killed over 110 people, striking the young and able-bodied the hardest. Its victims cluster predominantly among 5-to-30-year-old, a pattern that has held up in the 34 known to have died from bird flu so far this year.This vulnerability may stem from the robust and fast-responding immune systems of the young. The victims overreact to the alien virus, triggering a massive immune response called a cytokine storm, turning healthy lungs into a sodden mass of dying tissues congested with blood, toxic fluid, and rampaging inflammatory cells. As air spaces choke off, the body loses oxygen and other organs fail.Scientists have recently shown that H5N1 has ominous parallels with the devastating 1918 flupandemic, which also jumped directly to humans from birds and disproportionately attacked the young and the strong. With a pattern highly suggestive of a cytokine storm, death sometimes came within just hours，turning many World War I troop ships into death ships.Now imagine hundreds of thousands of young people laboring on respirators, or lying alone in corridors and makeshift hospital rooms, too sick to be helped when the supply of beds, equipment, and trained staff run out. Seem like hype? Not to the medical experts who discussed these scenarios during last week’s US. News Health Summit on emergency preparedness.This picture puts a face on the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ projections that, if H5N1 mutates into a readily human-transmissible from 209,000 to 1.9 million Americans could die. Part of our readiness thinking should be to heed the blunt words of HHS Secretary Michael Leavitt at the summit: Any family or community that fails to prepare for the worst, with the expectation that the federal or state government will come to the rescue，will be “tragically wrong/5 In a pandemic, the govemmenfs medical resources will be stretched thin, and it won’t be able to guarantee first-line help to any hometown, local hospital, or college campus. Even the national stockpile of Tamiflu，the antiviral that is the best we have to prevent or lessen the impact of the illness, has its limits. If a college student is hospitalized with a possible H5N1 infection, the feds will provide drugs. But they will not make it available to fend off the virus in the many others who may have come in dose contact with the infected student. In the existing federal guidance on H5N1, the young and healthy fall into the lowest-priority group for antiviral drugs and vaccines. Student health centers or other providers had better scrounge up their own stockpiles. Containing possible outbreaks on college campuses may be all but impossible. Social distancing—avoiding close contact with other people with air kisses instead of smooches, or even by donning masks and gloves—will be tough to enforce.The threat poses a uniquely difficult challenge. In the best of all scenarios, the virus will lose its fury and leave in its wake a new culture of individual and community preparedness. But we need to get ready now, and not for the best scenario but for the worst.57. The difference between avian flu and human flu is that .A. the avian flu should be commanding our rapt attentionB. the avian flu mainly threatens the young peopleC. the avian flu is to cause a devastating worldwide pandemic in the next few yearsD. the avian flu is an annual annoyance that kills only the frail and elderly58. The reason that bird flu strikes the young and able-bodied the hardest may be .A. the body loses oxygen and other organs failB. a sodden mass of dying tissuesC. the enthusiastic immune systems of the youngD. the overreaction of blood, toxic fluid, and rampaging inflammatory cells59. According to the author, which is the best source that college students can rely upon if there are outbreaks of bird flu on college campuses?A. The national stockpile of Tamifu,B. The govemmenfs medical resources.C. Drugs provided by the feds.D. The stockpile of the students health centers.60. We can learn from the passage that ,A. it is impossible that bird flu outbreaks on college campuses。

清华大学考博英语

清华大学考博复习资料1．Abandon Abandon The The The match match match was was was abandoned abandoned abandoned because because because of of of bad bad weather. Ban /abolish /abort /cancel /cross out /wipe out /put off /delay Desert Desert /forsake /forsake /forsake /leave /leave /cease /cease /depart /depart /depart /discard /discard / relinquish /surrender /quit /withdraw /give up （24） *Abandon oneself to 沉湎于，放纵（感情）沉湎于，放纵（感情）沉湎于，放纵（感情） *ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事 *Cancel sth out 抵消抵消抵消 *Cross out 划掉，勾掉（错误的内容） Cross sb’s mind （注意、想法等）闪现，掠过（注意、想法等）闪现，掠过 Cross Cross sth sth sth off off 划掉，删去（已处理过或不再需要的东西） *wipe out 磨灭磨灭表示放弃、取消等意思的时候一定是ing 形式 Wipe sth down （用湿布）把（表面）擦干净（用湿布）把（表面）擦干净 Wipe sth up （用布）擦净（用布）擦净 *put up with 忍耐忍耐忍耐容忍（讨厌的人或事） Put up 建造（房屋）搭起（帐篷）； Put sth up 1、张贴张贴（布告等）（布告等）；2、抬高，提高（价格等）；3、出卖； Put sb up 为…提供食宿； Put sb up to 纵容，鼓动，教唆 *Put out 熄灭；使不安，激怒；熄灭；使不安，激怒； Put sth out 出版，发布；出版，发布； Put oneself out 自找麻烦自找麻烦自找麻烦 put an end to = stop it 停止做某事停止做某事 put the blame on 归罪于归罪于 put to death 处死处死 put it right 改正改正 put paid to 毁坏，破坏，结束毁坏，破坏，结束 Put sth about 散布（谣言等）散布（谣言等） Put sth across/over 解释，说明；清楚地表达自己解释，说明；清楚地表达自己的意思的意思 Put sth aside 1、把（某事）撇开不理，不考虑；2、（为特殊目的）而储蓄；3、放下（手里的活）；4、留出（一段时间） Put sth away 把…收起来；储存 Put sb /sth down 1、一再当众批评一再当众批评（某人）（某人）；2、付（订金）；3、写下，记下；4、宰杀；5、镇压（革命、反叛等），击败；6、着陆；7、贬低贬低羞辱；8、～ as （没有充分根据就）认为（某人）是…；9、～for 把（某人）登记在参加者的名单上，登记注册；10、*～to 把…归因于归因于 Put sth forth (树)长出叶子 Put (sb./sth.) forward 1、提出（计划、建议等）；2、将…提前；3、向前拨；、向前拨； Put in 1、安装（设备）、安装（设备）；2、花费（时间作某事）；3、插话；4、提交、提交提出（要求）；5、选举；6、（船）进港；进港； Put in for 提出正式要求提出正式要求 Put into 把…加进加进加上；（船）进港 *Put sb /sth off 1、推迟、推迟延期；2、搪塞，敷衍，推诿；3、阻止，劝阻； *Put sb off sth 阻止, 使气馁 Put sb /sth on 1、穿上，戴上；2、打开（灯或电器装置）；3、播放；4、装出，假装；5、增加，提高；6、上演、上演演出；7、提供；8、欺骗，哄骗；9、增加；、增加； Put (sb.) onto 提供关于提供关于…的信息的信息 Put through 把（电话）接通； Put sth through 使（某人）做（不愉快或困难的事）；做成做成完成（一件工作） Put sb through 使经历，使经受使经历，使经受使经历，使经受 *Put to 1、向…提问，向…提议；2、Put sb /sth to sth 使经受…考验；3、Put sb to sth 使处于…状态 Put together 形成一个团体；合在一起；使构成整体 Desert /forsake *Delay doing sth 推迟，延期推迟，延期 leave over 剩下的，狼藉的样子；剩下的，狼藉的样子； Leave sth to sb 教某人做某事 leave off 忘记某人 Leave sb/sth out 忽略，遗漏忽略，遗漏忽略，遗漏 Leave it at that 到此为止到此为止 Leave go/hold of 松开，放开松开，放开松开，放开 Leave for 去哪里去哪里 cease *depart from 背离，违反（惯例、传统等） *discard v. 扔掉，弃置扔掉，弃置 *Surrender to sb /sth 投降、听任某物摆布 get out ：走出去；滚；：走出去；滚；：走出去；滚； get away with 胜利逃脱；做了（坏事）而未受惩胜利逃脱；做了（坏事）而未受惩罚 Get away To escape （从犯罪现场）脱身bug out get through 1、to reach someone, esp. by telephone （尤指通过电话）与某人取得联系；2、to (cause to) be understand understand by by by sb. sb. （使）某人理解；3、to(cause to(cause to) to) successfully to the end of （使）成功（使）成功，（使）完成（使）完成 Get Get across across across To To To (cause (cause (cause to) to) to) be be be understand understand understand (esp. (esp. (esp. by by by a a large group) （使）被理解（尤指一大群人） Get ahead To advance (beyond someone or sth) 前进，进步（超越某人或某事）进，进步（超越某人或某事） Get along 1、Leave, move away 走开走开走开离开；2、go well 进展进展顺利进行；3、to continue (often in spite of difficult) （常指不顾困难）继续下去; 4、= get on 相处相处得好得好合得来 Get around/round to find time 找到时间，有时间（做某事） Get back 1、To return, esp. go home 回去回去回家；2、重新掌权；3、～、～ at someone 报复报复反击 Get by To continue one’s way of life 度日，过活；to be good enough but not bad 尚好，过得去尚好，过得去 Get down 1、艰难咽下；、艰难咽下；2、写下，记下；3、（get sb. down ）使紧张，使难过 Get down to 开始认真对待开始认真对待开始认真对待 Get in 1、到达，进入，进去（交通工具）；2、（get sb. in ）请人（到家里）帮忙；3、插话；4、to take part in 参与 Get into 同get in ； (get sb. Into sth) 使…陷入困境 up the creek ；to learn or become accustomed to 学会，熟悉，习惯于熟悉，习惯于 Get off 离开；下（交通工具）；逃脱惩罚；逃脱惩罚 Get on 1、同、同get along ；2、变迟，变老；3、继续（常指在中断之后）；4、取得成功；5、坐上，骑上；6、登上；登上； Get on for （时间、年龄、距离等的）接近 Get onto (无被动语态) 交谈，写信，联系，接触；查出查出识破某人的骗局；开始谈论，着手干 Get out of 1、逃避责任；2、能够停止或摆脱；3、逼出；4、to gain from 从…得到 Get Get over over 完成，结束（一般指不愉快的事）；复原，恢复（健康、快乐等）； Get around 钻空子，利用…漏洞；说服某人漏洞；说服某人 Get together 集会，聚会；集会，聚会； Get Get up up 起床；（风，火等）增强，加剧；数量增大；大； Get up to 到达到达To reach be given to 喜欢喜欢 Give sb /sth away 1 Give sb /sth away 1、赠送赠送（礼物）（礼物）（礼物）颁发颁发颁发（奖品）（奖品）；2、表露，流露；3、泄露（秘密）；4、（因做蠢事）丧失，丢失；5、（在婚礼上）将新娘交给新郎；（在婚礼上）将新娘交给新郎； Give sb Back sth 1 Give sb Back sth 1、归还，恢复；2、使（某人）恢复（品质、能力和特点） Give in 1 Give in 1、屈服，让步；2、呈上，交上； Give of Give of 献出（自身或某物）以帮助他人献出（自身或某物）以帮助他人献出（自身或某物）以帮助他人 Give off Give off 发出，放出（气体、气味等）发出，放出（气体、气味等）发出，放出（气体、气味等） Give out Give out 分发；用完，用尽分发；用完，用尽 Give over Give over 停止停止停止 *Give up *Give up 放弃，停止；停止尝试；认为没救了；放弃，停止；停止尝试；认为没救了；投案2．Abide W e have to abide by the rules of the game. (Abide /observe /discover /adapt) Her Her fame will abide for sure. Last /endure / continue /persist /remain /stay (10) *Abide by 遵守（法律）、信守（协议） *observe sb doing sth 看到，注意到 discover *Adapt (+to) （使）适应，（使）适合（使）适合 Be well adapted to 特别适应 Adapt (+for) 改造，改装改造，改装 *at (long) last 最终，终于最终，终于最终，终于 endure / continue *persist in (doing) 坚持，执意坚持，执意坚持，执意 *stay on （在通常的时间以后）（在通常的时间以后）继续留下工作（学习）3．You have to keep ______ with the times. Abreast up /catch up with /go along with /fit in with （4） Keep abreast of 了解了解…的最新情况 *catch on 1、开始变得流行；、开始变得流行；2、理解，开始明白 Catch sight of 一时见到，注意到一时见到，注意到 catch (sb) out 1、使某人措手不及；2、发觉某人的错误的错误 catch sb doing 当场抓住当场抓住 *catch up 1、赶上赶上拉平；2、～ with 追上，超过；3、～、～ on 补做（工作）； catch up in 被卷入，被牵涉被卷入，被牵涉 Catch at 尽力抓住 *Go off 1、爆炸，铃声大作；、爆炸，铃声大作；2、（机器）停止运转；3、进行得（成功或失败）；4、变质，（食物）变坏；5、go go off off off (sb./sth.) (sb./sth.) 失去兴趣，不再喜欢；6、入睡，失去知觉；停止进行；*go off with 携…潜逃，带…私奔； Go about (sth.) 着手，开始工作；从事着手，开始工作；从事 Go after (sb /sth) 追逐，追求；设法获得追逐，追求；设法获得 Go against (sb /sth) 1、违反，违背，反对；2、不利于；3、与…不符不符 go ahead 1、开始，继续；、开始，继续；2、先走、先走 Go along 继续；赞同，支持 *Go along with 同意，赞成，支持同意，赞成，支持同意，赞成，支持 Go around /round 1、经常做某事（尤指不赞成的事）；2、通常（穿着），习惯于；3、（疾病）传播，流行；4、（与某人一起）在公共场所露面；5、足够分配；6、转动，旋转 Go Go at/for at/for at/for (sb.) (sb.) (sb.) 11、（无被动）袭击；2、攻击，打击；击； Go away 1、离开，走开；、离开，走开；2、外出 Go back 1、返回，回复；、返回，回复；2、、追溯到 Go back on (sth.) 食言，毁约食言，毁约 Go by 1、过去，经过（时间或地点）、过去，经过（时间或地点）；2、（无被动）依照…做，遵守；3、根据…做判断go by the name of 称为称为 go down 1、下楼；、下楼；2、（质量、标准等）下降，降低；3、下沉；4、消肿；5、被接受；被记录下来；6、到达，延伸到；7、往南去；8、输了（比赛），降级；9、（计算机）暂停运转，死机；10、（灯光）暗下来；11、～with 感染上（传染病） go far 有成就，成功；满足许多需要 go too far 太过分太过分太过分 Go for sb /sth 1、去参加某种活动2、攻击，抨击；3、争取得到；4、同Go at/for (sb.)；喜欢，被…吸引；5、同Go after (sb./sth.)；6、包括…在内，可适用于；7、出售 Go in for (sth.) 1、参加，从事（技能、知识竞赛）；2、惯于，爱好、惯于，爱好 Go into (sth.) 1、进入，加入（地方、职业等）；2、被用在…；3、详细解释；4、探究，彻底调查5、（汽车等）撞在…上；上； *Go on 1、继续下去；、继续下去；2、转而做另一件事；3、发生；4、以（某事）为根据（做出判断）5、（时间）过去；6、开始运转，使工作，实施；7、抱怨不停；喋喋不休；8、接近（年龄、时间等）、接近（年龄、时间等） go out 1、（为了娱乐）离家，出门，经常出外消遣；（去远方）旅行；2、交往，谈恋爱；3、（灯）熄灭；4、广播；5、出国；6、落潮，过时；7、公开，公布；8、对…充满同情；9、（时间）结束 Go over (sth.) 1、走近；2、查看，仔细检查；3、重读，重看；4、转向，改变（信仰等）；5、转播；6、清除，打扫； Go through (sth.) 1、经受，经历，忍受；2、用光；3、通过，被接受；4、得到正式认可，被批准；5、磨破，穿破；6、练习，排练；7、仔细检查；8、从头到尾阅读尾阅读 Go Go through through through with with with (sth.) (sth.) （常指艰难地）完成，做完 Go to (sth.) 使经历；使经历；进入，开始经历（某一状态） go together （两件事物）互相协调，相配 go under 下沉，沉没 Go up 上升；被建造起来；炸毁，被烧毁上升；被建造起来；炸毁，被烧毁 *Go with (sth.) 1、与…相配，适合于；2、伴随，陪伴；3、同意，接受（看法）、同意，接受（看法） Go Go without without without (sth) (sth) 同do do without; without; without; it it it goes goes goes without without saying 不言而喻不言而喻 Fit in 1、（因为有共同的兴趣和爱好）被他人接受；2、fit sb /sth in 安排时间做某事（见某人）；3、*fit in with 使某事适合于使某事适合于 4．Absorb He was absorbed in a book and didn't hear you call. Engage /occupy /bend over /involve /be busy with (6) *Be absorbed in 吸引（某人）吸引（某人），使专心，使专心 be absorbed into 并入，吞并并入，吞并 absorption with/in 专注 *Engage sb to do sth 安排雇用安排雇用 Engage in 参加，参与参加，参与 *be occupied with 忙于做某事忙于做某事 *Bend the rules 通融通融 Bend Bend one’s one’s mind mind /effort /effort /effort /thoughts /thoughts /thoughts to to 专心致志于…，集中全力于… Bend over backwards (to do sth) 竭尽全力做某事 *Involve doing sth 包含，包含，包含，包括，包括，包括，需要需要 Involve sb in sth 要求（允许）参与 *Be busy with 正在工作的，无空闲的正在工作的，无空闲的 Busy doing with 忙于做某事忙于做某事5．Abundant /rich The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish and game. *An abundance of 丰富，充裕丰富，充裕丰富，充裕 In abundance 充满了，丰富的充满了，丰富的 Abundantly clear 显而易见 *rich (+in) 富含…的；丰富的；的；丰富的；6．access In many schools, students don't have sufficient access to the library. W ay /approach /approach /solution /solution /solution /answer /answer /answer / / / Accessible Accessible Accessible /available /available /handy /ready /convenient /obtainable /at hand (12) *Have access to 有权做某事有权做某事 *Stand in the way of = prevent 阻碍…实施 Right of way 有权有权 *be Under way = start 开始；在进行中 *Get one’s own way 自行其是；随心所欲；为所欲为 *Give way 退让；让步；屈服 Have it both ways 左右逢源，见风使舵左右逢源，见风使舵 *In a way 某种方法，某一方面某种方法，某一方面 In no way 无论如何，决不无论如何，决不 In the way /in sb’s way 挡住去路，碍事挡住去路，碍事 *By the way 顺便顺便 By way of 当做，用作，作为当做，用作，作为当做，用作，作为 *approach sb for 接洽，交涉接洽，交涉 Approach sb /sth about (doing) （同上） *Answer back 回嘴，反驳回嘴，反驳 Answer for 对…负责；担保负责；担保 Answer Answer to to 对（某人）负责，对（某事，尤指错事）做出解释（antenna ） *Come in handy 迟早有用迟早有用迟早有用 *ready to do sth 准备好了做 *convenient for sb /sth 方便的，合宜的方便的，合宜的 *Hand down 传下来，传给；宣布，宣判；传下来，传给；宣布，宣判； Hand over 移交，拿给移交，拿给 Hand around 060917 7．His words are never in _____ with his deeds. (Situation /accordance /according /fit) /fit) I'm in agreement with Mr. Moore. In agreement In agreement with /be compatible with /comply with /conform to /be in proportion to (9) Of your own accord 出于自愿，主动地 With one accord 一致地一致地 In accordance with （正式）按照，依照（正式）按照，依照 According According to 据…所说；～所说；～ (as) 【英，正式】按照按照 Fit in 1、（因为有共同的兴趣和爱好）被他人接受；2、fit sb /sth in 安排时间做某事（见某人）；3、fit in with 使某事适合于使某事适合于 *be In agreement with 一致同意一致同意 *be compatible with 兼容，一致兼容，一致兼容，一致 *comply with 服从，遵守服从，遵守 *conform to 遵守（法律、规定等）遵守（法律、规定等） *be in proportion to （与某物）成比例，相称 8．Account He asked no one's advice; he did it on his own (account).independently Y Y ou have to take everything into account /consideration /Attention /regard /respect /mind Give Give us an account of what happened. Story /reason /information /description /tale /statement He He has has has been been been asked asked asked to to to account account account for for for his his his absence. absence. (Describe /tell /relate / Describe (19) N.*Take sth into account/take account of 把某事考虑在内，思考虑在内，思考 On account of 因为，由于因为，由于因为，由于 On account 赊帐 By/from all account 根据各方面所说根据各方面所说根据各方面所说 V . Account for Account for 是…原因，= answer for ；对…做出（满意的）解释（满意的）解释 Count in (out on) = back on; rely on; *Take sth into consideration 考虑到某事 Attention *as regards 至于，关于 *Respect for 考虑，顾及，重视 In respect of 关于，有关关于，有关关于，有关 With respect to With respect to 关于，谈到 *Make up one’s mind 做出决定，拿主意；做出决定，拿主意； Take one’s mind off sth 不再想某件（烦心事） Keep /bear sth in mind 记住某事（有用或重要的信息） Stick in one’s mind 对（名字、细节等）对（名字、细节等）经久不忘经久不忘 Put one’s mind to 专心于… Keep one’s mind on 专心于… Story *by reason of （正式）因为（正式）因为… Reason to do sth （正确或充分的）理由做某事（正确或充分的）理由做某事 Reason sth out （通过推理）解释，解决（通过推理）解释，解决 Reason with 与…讲道理，说服讲道理，说服 *for information only 仅供参考仅供参考 description /tale /statement Describe *Tell off 责备，斥责；叫出（做某事）责备，斥责；叫出（做某事） Tell on 告发 Tell against sb 不利于不利于… Tell sb /sth apart 区分，区别 Tell of 描绘，描述 *Relate to 1、有关，涉及；、有关，涉及；2、与…直接相关；3、与…和睦相处；4、认同，产生共鸣 *to say the least 至少可以说 to say nothing of 更不用说，何况更不用说，何况 *explain sth away 通过解释消除（某事的影响）通过解释消除（某事的影响），辩解9．Acquire to acquire a good knowledge of English. Attain /obtain /gain /earn /secure （6） Acquire 得到；掌握，获得；～得到；掌握，获得；～ a a taste taste taste for for 开始喜欢上 Attain /obtain *Gain (sth) from （使从某种局面、机会或事件中）受益，获利受益，获利 Gain the upper hand 占上风，处于有利地位，控制 Gain currency （某种观点）流行起来 There’s nothing to be gained 无济于事 Gain ground 稳步发展， Gain on /upon 逼近，赶上逼近，赶上 Earn /secure10．Active He is very active in politics. Energetic Energetic /spirited /lively /dynamic /excited /enthusiastic （7） *Active duty 现役现役 Be active in (doing) sth 积极参加活动 *group *group dynamics dynamics 群体动态（指某一团体成员之间的相互行为和态度）间的相互行为和态度）（以上99） 060920 11．Adapt To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself) to the situation. Adjust Adjust /accommodate /accommodate /accommodate /alter /alter /alter /vary /vary /vary /arrange /arrange /arrange /modify /modify /make fit （8） *Adapt (+to) （使）适应，（使）适合（使）适合 Adapt for (+for) 改造，改装改造，改装改造，改装 Be well adapted to 特别适应 *Adjust (+to) 适应，使适合适应，使适合 *accommodate to 使适应，顺应使适应，顺应 alter /vary *Arrange to do sth 安排，筹划安排，筹划 modify *Make V . Make a start(+on /with) 开始做某事开始做某事～ believe (that)假装假装 to pretend ；～ sb do sth 强迫某人做某事；强迫某人做某事；be made to do sth ～ do with sth. 将就，凑合用；将就，凑合用；将就，凑合用；～ it 1、及时赶到；2、成功；3、能参加、出现；4、（在生病或事故之后）活下来；（在生病或事故之后）活下来；～ it up 和解，和好和解，和好 Make it up for （用好东西）赔偿，偿还；（用好东西）赔偿，偿还； Make up to (sb.) 企图得到…欢心；make (it) up to （用好东西）赔偿，偿还；（用好东西）赔偿，偿还； make one’s way 闯出一条路，闯出一条路， make time 抽出时间抽出时间～ living (doing sth) （做某事）为生；（做某事）为生；～ or break (使)完全成功或彻底失败；完全成功或彻底失败； *make away with 带着东西逃跑带着东西逃跑; bug out Make at 采用什么手段 Make for sth. 向…（快速）走去；导致,有利于，倾向倾向 Make sb /sth into 将…制成；制成； Make (sth.) of (sth.) 理解，看待；对待，处理； Make off 仓皇逃走仓皇逃走 Make out 1、（费力）理解，辨认出；2、（以完整的形式）填写，开列；3、（泛指在商业、人际关系或生活中）成功；4、声称，假装；5、把…说成是，说成是，声称声称（尤指自己）重要；指自己）重要； Make (sth.) over （尤指法律上的）转让，转交 Make up 1、编造，虚构；2、化妆；整理备用；3、补足；4、（make sth. up ）偿还，归还；）偿还，归还；5、（争吵后）和解 12．Accustom She is ______to living in comfort. (Accustomed /used /addict /be familiar with) (4) *Accustom oneself to 使某人习惯于使某人习惯于 Be accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯（做）某事习惯（做）某事 *Be used to (doing) 习惯（做）某事习惯（做）某事 Used to do sth 过去常做某事 Use sb to do sth 利用某人做某事利用某人做某事 Be in use （机器、场所等）在使用中（机器、场所等）在使用中 *addicted (+to) 对…上瘾的 *be familiar with 通晓，熟悉通晓，熟悉通晓，熟悉 13．Admit It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays. (Allow (Allow /admit /admit /accept /accept /permit /permit /permit /receive /receive /receive /confess /confess /acknowledge /adopt) (8) *Allow sb to do sth 允许，容许，准许允许，容许，准许 Allow for 考虑，顾及 *Admit of (sth) 【正式】允许有【正式】允许有【正式】允许有 Admit (to) doing sth 承认（做错了事、犯了罪）承认（做错了事、犯了罪） * Accept sth from sb 接受，同意做接受，同意做 *permit sb to do sth 【正式】允许，准许做某事【正式】允许，准许做某事 Permit of 容许有，允许有 receive *confess to doing sth 承认（使自己尴尬的事情）承认（使自己尴尬的事情） *Be acknowledge as 被公认为是被公认为是… *adopt an approach /strategy /policy 采用某方法、战略、政策等战略、政策等060923 14．Adequate Adequate Their Their Their earnings earnings earnings are are are barely barely barely adequate adequate adequate to to to their their needs. Enough /sufficient /satisfactory /plenty /ample (6) *Adequate to do sth 可以胜任的 *enough to do sth 足够做…事 Near enough 几乎，差不多几乎，差不多 *Sufficient to do sth 足够做某事足够做某事 satisfactory *plenty (+of) 丰富，大量，众多 Plenty big /bright enough 非常（足够）大（明亮）的 In plenty 供应充足，多得很供应充足，多得很 ample 15．Advantage The great advantage we have over them is that they are short of money. Benefit Benefit /gain /gain /gain upper upper upper hand hand hand /interest /interest /interest /profit /profit /profit /harvest /harvest /crop /earnings /returns (9) *Take advantage of sb （不公正地）利用某人，占便宜便宜 Take advantage of sth （巧妙地）利用某物（巧妙地）利用某物 *benefit (+from /by) 获益，受益，得到好处获益，受益，得到好处 *Gain the upper hand 占上风，占上风，处于有利地位，处于有利地位，处于有利地位，控控制 Gain (sth) from （使从某种局面、机会或事件中）受益，获利 Gain currency （某种观点）流行起来 There’s nothing to be gained 无济于事 Gain ground 稳步发展稳步发展 Gain on /upon 逼近，赶上逼近，赶上逼近，赶上 *be in the public /national interest 出于公众、国家利益 *Profit by /from 从中获益，取得教训从中获益，取得教训从中获益，取得教训 *reap a harvest 获得成果；尝到苦果获得成果；尝到苦果获得成果；尝到苦果 *A crop of 一群一群（同时到达的人），一批一批（同时发（同时发生的事） Crop up （尤指问题）突然发生（出现） *in return (for) （作为（作为…的）交换（回报）的）交换（回报）16．Aim His aim is to win the game. Purpose /intention /goal /end /target /objective /motive /destination (9) Aim *On purpose 故意（地）故意（地） For the purpose of 为了…目的目的 *(have <no>) intention (of doing) to do sth （不）打算做某事 with the intention of doing 意图，目的，打算意图，目的，打算 Intention to do sth 目标是 *No end 非常非常 No end of 大量的，许多大量的，许多 Make (both) ends meet 收支仅能相抵 target /objective /motive /destination （以上143） 060926 17．Amass He amassed a great fortune in twenty years. Accumulate Accumulate /assemble /assemble /assemble /gather /gather /gather /increase /increase /increase /collect /collect /collect /compile /compile /heap up /store up Mass /bulk /quantity /load /amount /volume /accumulation /pile/heap /crowd /multitude /pack /gang (22) Figure /digit /measure Amass Accumulate assemble*gather around /round 聚拢过来聚拢过来Gather sth in 收（庄稼）收（庄稼） Gather sth together /up 集拢，拾拢 *compile sth from /for sth 编辑，编纂，编制，汇编 *heap up （杂乱地）堆积，堆放 *be in store 将要发生，将要出现将要发生，将要出现将要发生，将要出现 Store up 储存；制造（麻烦） *A mass of 大量，大宗大量，大宗大量，大宗 Masses of 许多的，大量的 The masses 群众，平民群众，平民 *the bulk (of sth) （某物的）主要部分，大半 In bulk 整批的，大批的 Bulk sth out 使膨胀，看起来更厚实，充实使膨胀，看起来更厚实，充实 *quantity of 若干数量；大量，许多若干数量；大量，许多 *load sb /sth down 给（某人）过重的负担 No amount of sth will do sth 毫无结果，毫无影响毫无结果，毫无影响 *Amount to sth 总计，达到总计，达到 not amount to much /anything 没多大了不起没多大了不起 *A pile of /(also) piles of 一大堆，大量一大堆，大量 Pile in /into 拥进，挤进拥进，挤进 Pile on 过分地称赞、批评等；过分夸大坏的情况 Pile out 挤出，蜂拥而出挤出，蜂拥而出 Pile up 堆积，积累 *crowd sb /sth out 把…挤出，排挤挤出，排挤 *pack sth away 将（某物）收拾起来将（某物）收拾起来将（某物）收拾起来 Pack sb /sth in 吸引（大批的人）；把（太多东西）塞入； Pack sb /sth off 把打发走，撵走把打发走，撵走 Pack up 完成工作，停工；（机器）出故障，失灵；停止做某事做某事*a multitude of 【正式或文】大批，大量，大群，众多【正式或文】大批，大量，大群，众多【正式或文】大批，大量，大群，众多 The multitude 大众，民众 *figure sth /sb out 想出，理解（某事）；看透，理解（某人）*Half measure 折中办法折中办法 Measure sb /sth against （用比较的方法）评判（用比较的方法）评判 Measure out 量出量出Measure up 合格，达到标准合格，达到标准18．Ambitious These young men were ambitious for success and money. Eager for /longing for / hopeful for /wish for /crave for /be set on /be bent on /be intent upon *be ambitious for sb 希望某人成功希望某人成功 *Eager for 急于得到 *longing for 渴望，盼望 *wish for sth 最理想的；默默期盼最理想的；默默期盼最理想的；默默期盼 Wish sth away 希望（不愉快的事）自行消失希望（不愉快的事）自行消失希望（不愉快的事）自行消失 *crave for 渴望，热望；恳求，请求 *Set the table 准备饭菜准备饭菜准备饭菜 *Set on 攻击；使攻击，使追逐； set aside 存钱存钱 set sth in See to sb/sth 照顾，照料 set up 1、建造，设立；2、安排（会议），建立（制度）；3、安装，架设；4、树起，垒起，设置；、树起，垒起，设置； Set out 同set off；开始一项行动；set sth. out 同Set forth阐明；陈列，布置；动身踏上；按顺序拜访 Set in （疾病或不好的天气）来临而且（也许）持续持续 Set foot in/on 登上，涉足，访问登上，涉足，访问登上，涉足，访问 Set short by 重视重视重视 Set the pace 定出步调，速率定出步调，速率 Set to work 开始工作开始工作开始工作 *Set about (sth.) 开始做，开始；以（某种方式）开始做，开始；以（某种方式）处理；攻击处理；攻击 Set sb /sth against 彼此均衡，从…减去；敌对，使与（某人）对立； *Set apart 使（某人或某物）与众不同；留出（作某种用途） *Set (sth.) aside 另外存放；拨出；置之不理另外存放；拨出；置之不理 Set (sth.) back 使倒退；推迟；使倒退；推迟；Set (sb.) back (sth.) 使某人花费 Set (sb./sth.) down 写，写，记下；制定，规定；将（车）停下让下车停下让下车 Set forth 陈述观点，阐明；出发，启程陈述观点，阐明；出发，启程 Set off 1、出发，动身；、出发，动身；2、引起，激发（意外事件）；3、触发；4、引发（爆炸）；5、（衣服、颜色等）衬托（某物）很漂亮；6、激起（某人）的情感、激起（某人）的情感 *Be bent on 下决心做，专心于，埋头于下决心做，专心于，埋头于下决心做，专心于，埋头于 *Intent on /upon 专注的，专心致志的专注的，专心致志的专注的，专心致志的06092719．Amount His debt now amounts to 1,000 pounds. Add up to /approximate /total /sum up *Add up to 总的来讲，等于说 add sth to sth 把…和…放在一起 add fuel to the fire 火上浇油火上浇油 add (sth) in 加进，包括加进，包括 add (sth) on 加盖，加建；附加，增加加盖，加建；附加，增加 add to（使）增加 add up 把…加起来；not ～不合情理；积少成多 approximate /total *Sum up 概括，总结；对…做出判断20．The future of her marriage is supposed to be decided by the amount of money.Sum /measure /quantity /price /value *at any price 不惜任何代价，无论如何不惜任何代价，无论如何不惜任何代价，无论如何 Not at any price 无论如何也不21．Angle Try looking at this affair from a different angle. Aspect Aspect /view /point of view /opinion /belief /attitude /impression /notion /idea /thought /conception /judgment /theory /outlook（15）061107； *Angle for（以暗示的方法）猎取，谋求 *aspect (+of) 方面 *point of view 观点，看法观点，看法观点，看法 On view （画、照片）在展览，在陈列（画、照片）在展览，在陈列 In view of 鉴于，由于，考虑到鉴于，由于，考虑到鉴于，由于，考虑到 *opinion (+of) 意见，主张，看法 A second opinion 他人的鉴定他人的鉴定他人的鉴定 Be of the opinion (that) 认为，主张认为，主张 *Be Beyond belief 难以置信难以置信 *attitude (+towards) 心态，感觉，看法 With attitude 我行我素的打扮 *impression *impression (+of) (+of) （对人、事等的）印象，感想 Be under the impression (that) 原以为，误以为原以为，误以为 *notion (+of) （尤指错误或模糊的）概念，观点，看法看法 *spare a thought for 给（某人）一点关心给（某人）一点关心 conception /judgment /theory *outlook (+on) （对生活、世界的）看法，观点，态度态度 Outlook (+for) 前景，远景前景，远景22．Announce He had to announce the death of Johnson before the board. Proclaim Proclaim /broadcast /broadcast /broadcast /report/state /report/state /report/state /declare /declare /declare /notify /notify /tell /make known（9）061107； Announce *report back 回报，汇报回报，汇报 Report to sb 向…负责，向…报告 state *Declare against 声明反对 Declare for 声明支持 *notify sb of 通知，告知通知，告知06092923．Anticipate A g ood good good general general general can can can anticipate anticipate anticipate what what what the the enemy will do. 。

清华大学考博英语模拟试卷13(题后含答案及解析)

清华大学考博英语模拟试卷13(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Because of the massive oil spillage in the gulf, both the plant and animal lives in the area are in______.A．destinyB．amenityC．jeopardyD．tragedy正确答案：C解析：各项的意思是：destiny命运，天命；amenity娱乐设施；jeopardy危险，危难；tragedy惨事，灾难；悲剧。

根据句意判断，答案是C。

知识模块：词汇2．The membership card entitled him____certain privileges in the club.A．onB．inC．atD．to正确答案：D解析：entitle sb．to sth．是习惯用法，表示“使某人有权利(或资格)得到……”。

3．Shy people never ______ set out to attract attention of other people.A．willinglyB．voluntarilyC．decidedlyD．deliberately正确答案：B解析：willingly 自愿地，欣然地。

voluntarily自发地。

decidedly果断地。

deliberately故意地。

4．His plan was ______ by the committee.A．rejectedB．dejectedC．objectedD．projected正确答案：A5．It is strictly ______ that access to confidential documents is denied to all but a few.A．securedB．forbiddenC．regulatedD．determined正确答案：B解析：本题意为“拒绝一些人接触机密文件是被严格禁止的”。

清华大学高等教育学专业考博真题参考书-育明考博

清华大学高等教育学专业考博真题复习资料-育明考博一、清华大学教育学专业高等教育学考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初试内容复试内容040100教育学（高等教育学）2015年4人2016年5人①101英语或103日语②632高等教育原理综合考试（面试）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、清华大学教育学专业考博的报录比平均在6:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有5位导师：王晓阳、叶富贵、李曼丽、史静寰、谢维和3、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。

要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。

专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。

4、博士生入学英语考试大致相当于全国大学英语六级水平。

5、同等学力考生在初试合格后须加试报考专业两门硕士专业学位课程和自然辩证法。

6、清华大学不允许研究生同时有两个及以上学籍。

育明教育考博分校针对清华大学考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。

（清华大学教育学考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：七七二六、七八、五三七）二、清华大学教育研究院博士招生人数及报考统计（育明考博辅导中心)年份招生方式及人数公开招考报名人数报录比复试分数线2014年公开招考（10人）直接攻博（5人）65人6:1高等教育学：外语≧55，专业课≧75或者外语≧50，专业课≧85；教育技术学：外语≧45，专业课≧85；教育经济与管理：外语≧55，专业课≧80；2015年公开招考（4人）直接攻博（5人）48人6:1育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、本表格不包含教育博士专业学位的招生人数，教育博士专业学位10月份考试。

清华五道口金融学院(联合培养)考博真题、复习资料习题库

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如何对这类模型进行估计，才能获得具有较好性质的参数估计量？ 5、假定我们要估计一元线性回归模型： cov t , s 2 t , s y t xt t E t 0 ，， x xt t t x x 但是担心 t 可能会有测量误差，即实际得到的 t 可能是 t ，是白噪声。如果已经知道存在 z x x 与 t 相关但与 t 和 t 不相关的工具变量 t ，如何检验 t 是否存在测量误差？ 6、考虑一个单变量平稳过程 y t 0 1 y t 1 0 xt 1 xt 1 t 这里，
0 1 1 y t 1 k 0 k1 xt 1 0 xt t
五、清华五道口金融学院联合培养《计量经济学》练习题 1（育明考博课程中心）
一、一元线性回归（1）证明 β1 β0 的估计值（2）说明经典假设是什么（3）证明 β1 β0 的估计值的无偏性育明教育考博辅导中心咨询师张老师资料分享
育明
北京校区

清华五道口考博辅导课程咨询育明张老师
育明
北京校区

清华五道口考博辅导课程咨询育明张老师
四、清华五道口金融学院联合培养《计量经济学》考点（育明考博课程中心）
(一)计量经济学基本思想 1.计量经济学的经济学属性 2.计量经济学与统计学的联系与差异 3.计量经济学的逻辑 (二)最小二乘估计与经典假设 1.回归模型的基本假设 2.参数估计的普通最小二乘法(0LS) 3.小二乘估计量的统计性质 4.回归模型的统计检验 5.放宽基本假定的模型异方差性序列相关性多重共线性随机解释变量问题 (三)经典情形的扩展 1.虚拟变量模型 2.滞后变量模型 3.模型设定偏误问题 4.遗漏解释变量 5.模型设定误差问题 (四)非线性问题 1.变量间的非线性关系 2.非标准线性回归模型的线性化方法 3.可线性化的非线性回归模型的线性化方法 4.不可线性化的非线性回归模型的线性化估计方法 (五)联立方程组 1.联立方程组模型的实质与形式 2.联立方程组模型的识别 3.联立方程组模型的估计方法 4.模型的检验与应用 (六)面板数据模型育明教育考博辅导中心咨询师张老师资料分享

清华大学外国语言学与应用语言学考博真题-参考书-分数线

清华大学外国语言学与应用语言学考博真题-参考书-分数线一、专业的设置吕中舌、张文霞、张为民、崔刚、范文芳、刘世生、杨小璐、何宏华、杨永林的外国语言学与应用语言学，是一个考博热门方向，一方面是因为老师们长期从事此领域的教学和科研工作，对此领域很有造诣，另一方面是因为这一个方向本身有研究的学术价值，并且在社会主义现代化建设的关键时期，这个专业的人才正是是社会所需要的，有很好的就业前景。

二、考试的科目外国语言文学：外国语言学与应用语言学：①102俄语或103日语或104德语或105法语②651现代英语语言文学理论③501综合考试，一般只招收脱产考生。

综合考试以面试为主，分专业方向，注重口头表达。

三、导师介绍吕中舌，女，所在院系：人文学院；专业：文学-外国语言文学类；研究方向：文体学，教学法及教材编写与评估。

代表性著作：《新英语教程（第四版）读写译（第1册）学生用书》《可读性理论与英语教材(清华大学985基目之一)》《清华外语教育论丛(第二辑)》。

代表性论文：体验英语感受快乐收获成功中国学生阅读策略研究,清华大学教育研究,1998计算机与面向21世纪的大学英语教学。

张文霞，女，出生于1964年7月。

1985年毕业于湖北大学外语系，获英语语言文学学士学位。

1987年毕业于清华大学外语系，获应用语言学研究生文凭。

1999年获香港理工大学语言测试学博士学位。

1987年8月开始在清华大学外语系任教，是全国大学外语指导委员会会员、Assessing Writing Journal和“中国英语教学”（Teaching English in China）等杂志编委，现任清华大学人文社会科学学院党委副书记、外文系党总支书记、全国大学外语指导委员会会员、Assessing Writing Journal和“中国英语教学”（Teaching English in China）等杂志编委、《中国ESP研究》专家委员会委员、北京市高等教育学会大学英语教学研究会理事长。