2009年清华大学考博英语作文题目及范文
博士考试英语作文模板
博士考试英语作文模板(中英文实用版)Doctoral Examination English Essay TemplateWhen it comes to writing an essay for the doctoral examination, it is essential to present a well-structured and coherent argument that showcases your knowledge and critical thinking skills.To help you get started, below is a template that you can use as a guide:Introduction:- Start with a hook statement that captures the reader"s attention and provides a brief overview of the topic.- Introduce the main argument or thesis statement that will be discussed in the essay.- Provide background information on the topic to set the context for the reader.Body Paragraphs:- Begin each paragraph with a topic sentence that outlines the main idea of the paragraph.- Provide supporting evidence and examples to strengthen your argument.- Use academic sources and references to back up your claims and demonstrate your research skills.- Address counterarguments and show why they are not convincingor relevant to your argument.- Ensure a smooth transition between paragraphs to maintain coherence.Conclusion:- Summarize the main points discussed in the essay and reiterate the thesis statement.- Offer insights into the implications of your argument and its significance in the field.- Discuss potential future research directions or areas for further exploration.- End with a strong closing sentence that leaves a lasting impression.Remember to follow the guidelines provided by your examination board and use proper academic language, tone, and style.Good luck with your essay!。
清华大学考博英语-5
清华大学考博英语-5(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Writing{{/B}}(总题数：3，分数：100.00)1.______How to Deal with School Pressure（分数：34.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(______How to Deal with School PressureCollege can be a very demanding time for students. Professors, class projects, and extracurricular activities can all contribute to a stressed-out college student. While you will undoubtedly experience stress as a college student, following these tips may help keep college stress at a minimum before it becomes too hard to handle.Prioritize your schoolwork. Identify what is most important. If you have a presentation to give this Monday, don't write a one-page review that's due in a couple of weeks; prepare for the presentation first. Likewise, if you have an assignment that requires a lot of work, put it at the top of your list. When you prioritize your work, you will be more efficient. By becoming more organized, you can reduce your stress level drastically.Talk about your problems. Talking about your problems will help ease your tension and anxiety. Seek a trusted friend or see if your school has a counseling center. Talking to others will not only help you feel better, but it will also help you find more ways to deal with those problems that are causing your stress.Adopt a positive attitude. If you are always negative, stress will overwhelm you. By looking at things in a positive light, you will not only reduce your stress, but you will also feel better about yourself. Give yourself pep talks: "I can do this. I will not stress over this."Take time to relax. To maintain peak performance and reduce your amount of stress, you should take time to relax. Performing some sort of physical activity for thirty minutes three times a week will considerably lower your stress level. Throw a Frisbee with your friends, watch your favorite TV show or enjoy your alone time. Taking the time to relax will help reduce your stress level.)解析：2.The Need of Iron（分数：33.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(The Need of IronHow do we get more young people to increase their consumption of iron-rich foods? Many nutritionists are advocating the fortification of a number of foods. This may help, but I contend that we should also intensify our efforts in nutrition education among our young people. I simply do not buy the argument that it is futile to try to change eating habits. Once an intelligent person—and this includes adolescents—understands the need for a healthy diet, I think he or she will act accordingly. As for specific actions: I suggest that blood hemoglobin (血红蛋白) should be checked as a routine part of a youngster's yearly physical examination. It should contain at least 11 grames per 100 milliliters of blood for a girl and at least 12 grams for a boy. If it is any lower, the physician probably will prescribe an easily absorbed iron supplement. Adolescents—and everyone else—should cut out highly processed foods and drinks, which may below in iron and other nutrients. Read the labels for iron content. Especially make sure that all bakery products are made with enriched flour or whole grains. Try adding liver, chicken, beef, veal or any other variety to the weekly menu.Finally, even when you're trying to lose weight, always eat a sensible, well-balanced diet made up of a variety of fresh or very lightly processed foods. This way, you stand a good chance of getting not only enough iron, but also adequate amounts of all the other essential nutrients.) 解析：3.Title: Students Taking Part-time Jobs Outline: 1. 有人认为大学生打工好 2. 有人认为大学生打工不好 3. 我的看法（分数：33.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Title: Students Taking Part-time JobsSome people think that college students should do part-time jobs. They think college students will be members of the society soon, so they need to get a real sense of how the society runs. In this regard part-time jobs may help, because they not only give college students different chances to know more about different people, but also prepare them better with various experiences for their future.Other people, however, maintain that part-time jobs do more harm than good to college students. They believe, to a college student, study should always be the only job, which entails a great deal of time and effort, and that taking a part-time job is simply nothing but a distraction. Furthermore, college students are still too young to handle the complicated society, which may discourage them from doing school work and even lead them astray.In my opinion, college students must learn how to cope with life outside campus by taking some part-time jobs, because they will be members of the society sooner or later. And what they learn through practice in the society can, on the other hand, help them to know more about themselves and their school work. Therefore they may decide how they will learn on campus more efficiently. There is yet another reason why I applaud college students for having some part-time jobs. I come from a peasant area in west China. Part-time jobs mean a lot to those students like me: They can improve their campus life with the money they get out of the jobs, so that their parents won't have to worry too much about them. I believe if college students spend their time wisely, they will be able to manage well both school work and part-time jobs.)解析：。
考博英语作文范文
考博英语作文范文Title: The Importance of Pursuing a Doctoral Degree。
In today's competitive job market, pursuing a doctoral degree has become increasingly important. With the rapid advancement of technology and the increasing demand for highly skilled professionals, obtaining a doctoral degree can provide individuals with a competitive edge and open up a wide range of career opportunities. In this essay, I will discuss the importance of pursuing a doctoral degree and the benefits it can bring to individuals and society as a whole.First and foremost, obtaining a doctoral degree demonstrates a high level of expertise and dedication in a specific field of study. It requires years of rigorous academic training and research, as well as the ability to critically analyze and solve complex problems. This level of expertise is highly valued by employers and can lead to greater job security and higher earning potential. Inaddition, individuals with doctoral degrees are often sought after for leadership positions in their respective fields, allowing them to make significant contributions to their industries and society as a whole.Furthermore, pursuing a doctoral degree provides individuals with the opportunity to conduct original research and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their chosen field. This can lead to groundbreaking discoveries and innovations that have the potential to benefit society in profound ways. For example, a doctoral student in the field of medical research may develop a new treatment for a previously incurable disease, while a doctoral student in the field of environmental science may discover a solution to a pressing environmental issue. These contributions have the potential to improve the quality of life for people around the world and make a lasting impact on future generations.In addition to the professional and societal benefits, pursuing a doctoral degree can also be personally fulfilling. It allows individuals to delve deeply intotheir passions and interests, developing a deep understanding of their chosen field and making meaningful contributions to the body of knowledge. This can lead to a sense of personal accomplishment and fulfillment that is difficult to achieve through other means.However, it is important to acknowledge that pursuing a doctoral degree is not without its challenges. It requires a significant investment of time, energy, and resources, and can be a demanding and stressful process. Additionally, the job market for individuals with doctoral degrees can be competitive, and obtaining a tenure-track position in academia can be particularly challenging. Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of pursuing a doctoral degree far outweigh the costs, and the skills and knowledge gained through the process are invaluable.In conclusion, pursuing a doctoral degree is an important and worthwhile endeavor that can lead to a wide range of professional, societal, and personal benefits. It provides individuals with the opportunity to develop a high level of expertise in their chosen field, contribute to theadvancement of knowledge, and make a meaningful impact on society. While the process may be challenging, the potential rewards make it a valuable investment in one's future. As such, I believe that pursuing a doctoral degree is an important step for those who are passionate about their field of study and committed to making a positive impact on the world.。
清华大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析讲解
清华大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the division of the world into the info(information rich and the info poor.And that divide does exist today.My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty yearsago.What was less visible then,however,were the new,positive forces that work against the digital divide.There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow.As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized,it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all,the more people online,the more potential customers there are.More and more governments,afraid their countries will be left behind,want to spread Internet access.Within the next decade or two,one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together.As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead.And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.Of course,the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty.And the Internet is not the only tool we have.But it has enormous potential.Geng duo yuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.To take advantage of this tool,some impoverished countries willhave to get over their outdated anti-coloni a l prejudices with respect to foreign investment.Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a societyin the United States.When the United States built its industrials infrastructure,it didn't have the capital to do so.And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure—including roads, barbors,highways,ports and so on—were built with foreign investment.The English,the Germans,the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony.They financed them.Immigrant Americans built them.Guess who owns them now?The Americans.I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter.The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure,which today is an electronic infrastructure,the better off you're going to be.That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled,or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled.But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25.Digital divide is something_________.[A]getting worse because of the Internet[B]the rich countries are responsible for[C]the world must guard against[D]considered positive todayernments attach importance to the Internet because it _________.[A]offers economic potentials[B]can bring foreign funds[C]can soon wipe out world poverty[D]connects people all over the world27.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_________.[A]providing financial support overseas[B]preventing foreign capital's control[C]building industrial infrastructure[D]accepting foreign investment28.It seems that now a country's economy depends much on_________.[A]how well-developed it is electronically[B]whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C]whether it adopts America's industrial pattern[D]how much control it has over foreign corporations名师解析25.Digital divide is something_______.数字鸿沟是______。
清华大学博士考试英语试题及答案
清华大学博士考试英语试题及答案Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20%)(略）Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWET SHEET with a single line through the center.21. The__________of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country.A. clashB. clarifyC. clarityD. clatter22. Business in this area has been__________because prices are too high.A. prosperousB. secretiveC. slackD. shrill23. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad__________when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC.plague D. pigment24. He added a__________to his letter by saying that he would arrive before8 pm.A. presidencyB. prestigeC. postscriptD. preliminary25. Some linguists believe that the__________age for children learninga foreign language is 5 to 8.A. optimisticB. optionalC. optimalD. oppressed26. It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the__________of their cities.A. paradisesB. omissionsC. orchardsD. outskirts27. The meeting was__________over by the mayor of the city.A. presumedB. proposedC. presentedD. presided28. The crowd__________into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrewB. overthrewC. overpassedD. overflew29. It was clear that the storm__________his arrival by two hours.A. retardedB. retiredC. refrainedD. retreated30. This problem should be discussed first, for it takes__________over all the other issues.A. precedenceB. prosperityC. presumptionD. probability31. Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was__________.A. torrentB. transientC.tensile D. textured32. Nobody knew how he came up with this__________idea about the trip.A. wearyB. twilightC. unanimousD. weird33. The flower under the sun would__________quickly without any protection.A. winkB. withholdC. witherD. widower34. The__________of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.A. segregationB. specificationC. spectrumD. subscription35. He__________himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A. repealedB. resentedC. relayedD. reproached36. Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded asa kind of a __________event.A. cholesterolB. charcoalC. catastrophicD. chronic37. He cut the string and held up the two__________to tie the box.A. segmentsB. sedimentsC. seizuresD. secretes38. All the music instruments in the orchestra will be__________before it starts.A. civilizedB. chatteredC. chamberedD. chorded39. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be__________.A. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated40. She made two copies of this poem and posted them__________to different publishers.A. sensationallyB. simultaneouslyC. strenuouslyD. simplyPartⅢ Reading Comprehension (40%) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions of unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safedrinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-governmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater.People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free.The rainwater harvesting system created by International Development Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called “first-flush”device made of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank.A fitted cover sits over the “first-flush” device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water.Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total, the water storage system can hold up tothree-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to three years. However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer.International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family of five with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season.41. People in Bangladesh can use__________as a safe source of drinking water.A. ground waterB. rainwaterC. drinking waterD. fresh water42. Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater?A. Rainwater is free of chemical treatments.B. People have been harvesting rainwater for centuries.C. The water harvesting system is built on a platform.D. Rainwater can be collected using pipes.43. Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?A. a barrierB. a wire screenC. a first-flushD. a storage tank44. The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by__________.A. mosquito insectsB. a fitted coverC. a first-flush deviceD. sunlight45. What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom?A. The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tank.B. The inner bags need to be replaced every two years.C. The water harvesting system should be built on a platform.D. A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it. Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties withtheir development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill―the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.46. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children__________.A. is to send them to clinicsB. offers recapture of earlier experiencesC. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced47. The child in the nursery__________.A. quickly learns to wait for foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC. always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly48. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________.A. can never be taken too farB. should be left to school teachersC. will always assist their developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes49. Jigsaw puzzles are__________.A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toyC. not very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation50. Parental controls and discipline__________.A. serve a dual purposeB. should be avoided as much as possibleC. reflect the values of the communityD. are designed to promote the child'shappinessQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American children under the age of tenhave one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it's almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as “Jewish” when they get older.That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents' religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.“I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families.” Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point why that's the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study's going to cover some of that,” she says.Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves asJewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.51. The best title of this passage is__________.A. Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB. Jewish Identity in AmericaC. Judaism-a Religion?D. College Jewish Students52. Among the freshmen at UCLA__________thought themselves as Jewish.A. mostB. 93% of those whose parents were both JewishC. 62% of those only whose father were JewishD. 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish53. The phrase “interfaith marriage” in the Paragraph 3 refers to the__________.A. marriage of people based on mutual beliefB. marriage of people for the common faithC. marriage of people of different religious faithsD. marriage of people who have faith in each other54. Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Sax's research?A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish.B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen.C. The research survey didn't find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion.D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study.55. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel.B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it's an experience.C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world.D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism.Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “In comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure in dividual rights,” he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,”he argues. “There is no private property without government―individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.”Would-be entrepreneurs, no matterhow small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,” Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力）to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance,” Olson concludes.56. Which of the following is true about Olson?A. He was a fiction writer.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D. He was against the ownership of private property.57. Which of the following represents Olson's point or view?A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.D. In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're poor.58. What does Olson think about mass production?A. It's capital intensive.B. It's property intensive.C. It relies on individual labor.D. It relies on individual skills.59. What is the basis for the banking system?A. Contract system that can be enforced.B. People's willingness to deposit money in banks.C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.60. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?A. government interventionB. lack of secure individual rightsC. being short of capitalD. lack of a free marketPart Ⅳ Cloze (10%) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the__61__of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel__62__to go to bed and pleased when the journey__63__. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed__64__earlier than usual. When I__65__my cabin, I was surprised__66__that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected__67__but there wasa suitcase__68__mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet__69__, except that he was wearing__70__good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not__71__whoever he was and did not say__72__. As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered__73__as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a __74__was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten__75__the door, so I got up__76__the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite.I crossed the room and__77__the moon shone through it on to the other bed.__78__there. It took me a minute or two to__79__the door myself. I realized that my companion__80__through the window into the sea.61. A. reason B. motive C. cause D. sake62. A. tired enough B. enough tired C. enough tiring D. enough tiring63. A. is achieved B. finish C. is over D. is in the end64. A. quite B. rather C. fairly D. somehow65. A. arrived in B. reached to C. arrived to D. reached at66. A. for seeing B. that I saw C. atseeing D. to see67. A. being lonely B. to be lonely C. beingalone D. to be alone68. A. like B. as C. similar than D. the same that69. A. in each place B. for all parts C. somewhere D. anywhere70. A. a so B. so C. such a D. such71. A. treat together well B. pass together wellC. get on well togetherD. go by well together72. A. him a single word B. him not one wordC. a single word to himD. not one word to him73. A. up me B. up myselfC. up to myselfD. myself up74. A. draft B. voice C. air D. sound75. A. to close B. closing C. to have to close D. for closing76. A. to shut B. for shutting C. in shutting D. but shut77. A. while doing like that B. as I did like that C. as I did so D. at doing so78. A. It was no one B. There was no one C. It was anyone D. There was anyone79. A. remind to lock B. remember to lock C. remind locking D. remember locking80. A. had to jump B. was to have jumped C. must have jumpedD. could be jumpedPart Ⅴ Writing (20%)Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是2. 使我难忘的原因是3. 它对我后来的影响是参考答案21. C 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. D 28. B29. A 30. A 31.B 32. D 33.C 34. A 35.D 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. B41. B 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. B 48. D 49. D 50. A 51.B 52. B 53.C 54. B 55.D 56. C 57. A 58. B 59. A 60. B Part Ⅳ Cloze61. D 62. A 63. C 64. B 65. A 66. D 67. D 68. A69. D 70.D 71. C 72. C 73. D 74. A 75. A 76. A 77. C 78. B 79. D 80. C Part Ⅴ Writing参考范文:Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and WorkThe most unforgettable thing in my research career by now is a course named aspects of translation that was given in the second semester when I was a senior undergraduate student.One of the reasons for which the course has left such a deep impression on me is that it was the first time I learned to look at and study translation from a completely new perspective, the perspective of linguistics. Before taking that course, I though that translation was no more than the mechanic practice of turning texts written in one language into those in another and didn't realize that it had anything to do with linguistics, though, in retrospect, the link ought to be obvious for linguistics is the science that studies language properly. It was very fortunate for me to attend during the same semester the course Introduction to Linguistics, which helped me pave the way for the study of that critical course. Obvious as the link between the two disciplines was, it was still a giant project to actually connect the two and the course proved to be very brain-consuming. However, once the barriers collapsed, the landscape altered and became much more open. I could appreciate many beautiful scenes that I had never discovered before.Encouraged by the first attempt at inter-disciplinary study, inmy later research and life I always try to bridge what I have learned in different courses and different aspects of life, to fill them into my jigsaw of knowledge about the world and myself and to complete it and perfect myself.更多在职考研信息/。
清华大学考博英语-4 (1)
娓呭崕澶у鑰冨崥鑻辫-4(鎬诲垎锛?00.00锛屽仛棰樻椂闂达細90鍒嗛挓)涓€銆亄{B}}Writing{{/B}}(鎬婚鏁帮細3锛屽垎鏁帮細100.00)1.Introduction of My College锛堝垎鏁帮細34.00锛?/div>__________________________________________________________________________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?Introduction of My CollegeI'm a student at Maebashi Institute of Technology in Gunma. It is located between Komagata and Shinmaebashi on the JR Ryomo Line. It's only 10 minutes from JR Maebashi station on a bus or a taxi.Maebit was originally founded in 1952 as a junior college and it evolved into a four-year college in 1997. Today there are some 700 students in both the junior college and the four-year undergraduate school.Our school offers two sets of programs, the day course and the evening course. Students can choose whichever suits their conveniences best from those two courses. Many lessons here are taught in small-sized classes.I'm in the Department of Information Engineering. My field of study is Robotics. The first period begins at 9:30 a.m., which is rather late, and the last period of the day course ends at 4:55 p.m. The classes for the evening course begin at 5:45 p.m. and end at 8:50 p.m. Maebit's campus is not very large but it has a lot of flowerbeds and plants. On campus there are the library, the club building, sports fields, the student union hall, the laboratory building, and many other facilities. Our department building lies in the northwest corner of campus. This building was built about five years ago, and everything is still new in this building.There are many clubs, but I'm not a member of any club. One of my friends is a member of the Tennis Club in which there are 5 members. They practice every Wednesday and Saturday afternoon. They are hoping to make it into the best 8 in the coming intercollegiate tournament.I like my college. I have already made some good friends and we're enjoying our school life.)瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>2.Coping with Stress in College锛堝垎鏁帮細33.00锛?/div>__________________________________________________________________________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?Coping with Stress in CollegeCollege life can be very stressful. Sometimes parents, faculty and others tend to idealize their college experience and remember it as that idyllic time when they had few worries or responsibilities. To students currently attending college, however, the process is often stressful and frustrating. The competition for grades, the need to perform, relationships, career choice, and many other aspects of the college environment cause stress.But before condemning stress outright, we need to understand that stress is only harmful when it is excessive. Much of the stress that we all experience is helpful and stimulating. The challenges of life tend to be stressful and an attempt to avoid stress completely wouldlead to a rather boring existence. The problem comes when you experience too much stress. There are four primary sources of stress: the environment, (noise, pollution, traffic, crowding, and the weather), physiology, (illness, injuries, hormonal fluctuations, and inadequate sleep or nutrition), students' thoughts (negative self-talk, catastrophizing, and perfectionism), and social stressors (financial problems, work demands, social events, and losing a loved one). Symptoms of stress appear in many forms. Some symptoms only impact the person who is directly experiencing stress, while other symptoms may have an impact on our relationships with others.Although some stress reactions are part of deeper and more serious emotional problems, many are not, and can be handled with relatively simple counseling and stress-management techniques. Developing a balanced lifestyle, gaining perspective by discussing problems with other students or tutors, specifying relaxation techniques, and clarifying your values and cultivating a sense of life meaning can help you relieve your stress in college.)瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>3.Sports锛堝垎鏁帮細33.00锛?/div>__________________________________________________________________________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?SportsFrom the earliest times, people have held sports competitions. The athletic few compete on the field while the rest of us participate from the safety of our seats. Today sports are certainly as popular as ever, and because of radio and television, we can now compete from a distance.In fact, for important competitions, the whole world becomes one big stadium.It is hard to say why humans like organized games. The reasons that we enjoy sports probably differ from person to person. Whether little kids are kicking a bail around a city playground, or million-dollar-a-year athletes are playing in a modem stadium, the excitement of competition, motion, discipline, and beauty are in the air. Who doesn't stop to watch a ball game in the street or a swimmer in a pool? What parents are not proud to see their children carried off the field by thankful fans? For the players, the joys of sportsmanship can include punishing self-discipline and the friendship of teammates.Then there is special thrill that comes only to a lucky few. It is the thrill that comes from heating thousand voices shout your name. But personal victory is only one kind of victory. In every game someone must lose, but mankind wins every time an athletic record is broken. It is this aspect of sports that brings people together.Even in defeat, no one says to an athlete, "So what?" You say, "Good try!" And when your pride gets hurt and your muscles are sore, you say to yourself, "That's part of the game.I'll win next time!")瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>。
2009英语专八作文真题范文
2009英语专八作文真题范文英文回答：In 2009, the English Proficiency Test for EnglishMajors (TEM-8) asked candidates to write an essay on the topic of "The Impact of the Internet on People's Lives". This is a topic that I find particularly interesting and relevant, as the Internet has become an integral part ofour daily lives.The Internet has had a profound impact on the way we communicate, work, and access information. For example, social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter have revolutionized the way we connect with friends and family, allowing us to stay in touch with people from all over the world. In terms of work, the Internet has made it possible for people to work remotely, which has greatly increased flexibility and efficiency in many industries. Additionally, the Internet has made it easier than ever to access information on a wide range of topics, from academicresearch to DIY tutorials.中文回答：2009年英语专八考试要求考生就“互联网对人们生活的影响”这个话题写一篇文章。
清华大学考博英语真题paper two
清华大学考博英语真题paper twoI had visited the capital before although my friend Arthur had not, I first visited London as a student,reluctantly released from the bosom of a tearful mum,with a traveling trunk stuffed full of home-made fruit cakes and woolly vests.I was ill-prepared for the Spartan standards of the South.Through even the grimmest post-war days,as kids we had ploughed our way through corner cuts of beef and steamed puddings.So you can imagine my dismay when I arrived,that first day,at my London digs to be faced with a plate of tuna-paste sandwiches and a thin slice of cake left curling under a tea-towel. And that was supposed to be Sunday lunch!When I eventually caught up with my extremely irritating landlady, I met with a vision of splendor more in keeping with the Royal Enclosure at the races than the area in which she lived.Festooned with jewels and furs and plastered with exclusive cosmetics,she was a walking advert for Bond Street.Now,we have a none too elegant but very apt phrase for this in the North of England,and it was the one my friend Arthur came up with to describe London after three days there:‘All fur coat and nothing underneath’.Take our hotel.The reception area was plush and inviting,the lounge and dining-room posh enough to start Arthur speaking ‘properly’.But journey upstairs from one landing to the next,and the veneers of civilization fell away before your eyes.By the time we reached our room,all pretension to refinement and comfort had disappeared.The fur coat was off(back in the hands of the hire purchase company),and what we were really expected to put up with for a small fortune a night was exposed in all its shameful nakedness. It was little more than a garret,a shabby affair with patched and peeling walls.There was a stained sink with pipes that grumbled and muttered all night long and an assortment of furnishings that would have disgraced Her Majesty’s Prison Service.But the crowning glory was the view from the window.A peek behind the handsome façade of our fabled city.Rank gardens choked with rubbish;all the debris of life piled against the back door.It was a good job the window didn’t open,because from it all arose the unmistakable odor of the abyss.Arthur,whose mum still polishes her back step and disinfects her dustbin once a week,slumped on to the bed in a sudden fit of depression.‘Never mind’,I said,drawing the curtains.‘You can watch telly.’This was one of the hotel’s luxuries,which in the newspaper ad had persuaded us we were going to spend the week in style.It turned out to be a yellowing plastic thing with a picture which rolled over and over like a floundering fish until you took your fist to it.But Arthur wasn’t going to be consoled by any cheap technological gimmicks.He was sure his dad had forgotten to feed his pigeons and that his dogs were pining away for him.He grew horribly homesick.After a terrible night spent tossing and turning to a ceaseless cacophony of pipes and firedoors,traffic,drunks and low-flying aircraft, Arthur surfaced next day like a claustrophobic mole.London had got squarely on top of him.Seven million people had sat on him all night, breathed his air,generally fouled his living space,and come between him and that daily quota of privacy and peace which prevents us all from degenerating into mad axemen or reservoir poisoners.Arthur had to be got out of London for a while.81.When the writer first came to the capital.A he had been very reluctant to leave his motherB his mother had not wanted him to leave homeC he had made no preparations for his journey southD he had sent his possessions on ahead in a trunk82.The writer was surprised at what he received for Sunday lunch because.A food had always been plentiful at homeB he had been used to grimmer times at homeC things had been difficult after the war up NorthD beef had always been available from the butcher on the corner at home83.The landlady seemed to epitomize a phrase used in the North of England to indicate that things were.A tender underneath the surfaceB vulnerable to the outside worldC more profound than they seemedD beautiful but only superficially84.The room which the writer and his friend were to share.A was more suited to housing prisoners than hotel guestsB had a magnificent view from one of its windowsC had a door which provided access to a rubbish tipD was situated above some foul-smelling gardens85.The writer feels that in order to remain sane,one needs a certain amount of.A physical exerciseB fresh airC daily nourishmentD breathing spacePaper TwoPart V Translation(25%)Section A(12%)Directions:Translate the following English passage into Chinese. Write your version on Answer Sheet II.The idea that public status comes with a loss of privacy is unpersuasive.Far more persuasive is the thought that a person’s privacy may be breached if the information disclosed serves a proven public interest.A code of press practice specifies the various conditions that could count as involving a genuine public interest in publication,such as detecting or exposing crime,protecting public health,preventing the public from being misled.Showing public officials to be corrupt,grossly inefficient,criminally negligent,or dishonest is certainly in the public’s interest, provided that these failings bear directly on their performance of their public duties.Thus,for example,a revealing that a minister is a highly paid non-executive director of a company which regularly seeks contracts with the government is a matter for public concern. However,the majority of cases where privacy is breached touch on matters of sexual morality and it is much harder to see how the public interest is served by their disclosureSection B(13%)Directions:Translate the following Chinese passage into English. Write your version on Answer Sheet II.可以相当有把握地预言，未来的机械所需要的动力将主要是原子能。
清华大学作文解析
清华大学考博英语作文解析清华大学考博英语题作文占20分，要求考生写不少于200字的文章，写英语作文对各个院校的考生来讲都是比较令人头疼的事情，很多考生在考试时只是用蹩脚的简单句拼凑起来一篇文章，好一点的用一些定语从句和虚拟语气。
其实，写好英语作文就是要模仿！大家可以看看历年真题中的优秀作文，模仿那些文章，多背诵一些好文章，并且在练习的时候学会灵活套用，便可以攻克作文这道关卡。
下面看一下04年清华的作文题。
Part Ⅴ Writing (20%)Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a compos ition on the title of “Effect of Research Event on My Late r Life and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是。
2. 使我难忘的原因是。
3. 它对我后来的影响是。
写作的题目给你了，题纲也给你了，现在我们要坐的就是添加一些好句，写出多于200字的文章。
请看下面的例文，用黑体字标注的是有记忆价值的句子，我们可以把他们背下来，作为我们的知识储备。
Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and WorkThe most unforgettable thing in my research career by no w is a course named aspects of translation that was given i n the second semester when I was a senior undergraduate stu dent.One of the reasons for which the course has left such a d eep impression on me is that it was the first time I learne d to look at and study translation from a completely new pe rspective, the perspective of linguistics. Before taking th at course, I thought that translation was no more than the mechanic practice of turning texts written in one language into those in another and didn't realize that it had anythi ng to do with linguistics, though, in retrospect, the link ought to be obvious for linguistics is the science that stu dies language properly. It was very fortunate for me to att end during the same semester the course Introduction to Lin guistics, which helped me pave the way for the study of tha t critical course. Obvious as the link between the two disc iplines was, it was still a giant project to actually conne ct the two and the course proved to be very brain-consuming. However, once the barriers collapsed, the landscape altered and became much more open. I could appreciate many beaut iful scenes that I had never discovered before.Encouraged by the first attempt at inter-disciplinary stu dy, in my later research and life I always try to bridge what I have learned in different courses and different aspects of life, to fill them into my jigsaw of knowledge about t he world and myself and to complete it and perfect myself. 小结：简简单单几个词便串联起一篇文章的支架，大家要记住文章中一些词的搭配，其实文章写的很简单，其中许多表达大家自己都可以写出来，缺少的就是对一些模板句的积累以及一些固定词语的搭配，建议大家背诵这篇文章，并且套用其他话题利用同样的句式去练习写作。
清华大学考博英语真题之作文范文
清华大学考博英语真题之作文范文Private CarsA few years ago,having a private car might be a wild dream to many Chinese families.But today,you can see the number of private cars running along the road and street is increasing rapidly. Statistics show that one in every six families in big cities has a car.Some people say that it is good because the number of car ownerships indicates a country’s auto industry,which in turn shows the country’s general economic development.The fact that more and more people can afford a car demonstrates that people in China enjoy a higher standard of living than they did before.Besides,a private car also adds a new dimension to a family’s work,daily life and leisure activities.Other people think differently.They argue that having private cars may not necessarily mean a more advanced society.It may bring about more stress,instead.More cars would consume more petroleum, produce more air pollution,and thus aggravate the already serious environmental problems.What’s more,another problem remains yet to be solved.Road conditions being what they are esp.in urban areas, accidents become a common occurrence,resulting in thousands of deaths per year.No wonder cars have been considered as the number one deadly weapon in the modern world.I find some truth in both of the arguments mentioned above.I feel it a personal choice to buy a private car.If you can afford it andyou really need it to get around,having a car is fine.But remember, try to use environment-friendly type of gasoline and take special care while driving.If you don’t have much need for cars in your work and life,there is no need to follow fashion or keep up with the Jones. Remember,when you cycle,you are living a healthy life and at the same time contributing to our environment protection.本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
人大考博英语作文
人大考博英语作文The Importance of Learning English。
As the world becomes increasingly globalized, theability to communicate effectively in English has become more important than ever. In today's world, English is the most widely spoken language, and it is the language of international business, science, and technology. Therefore, it is essential for anyone who wants to succeed in these fields to have a good command of English.In China, learning English has become a national priority. The government has invested heavily in English education, and many schools and universities now offer English classes as part of their curriculum. However, despite these efforts, many Chinese students still struggle with English, particularly when it comes to speaking and writing.One of the main reasons for this is that English is avery different language from Chinese. English grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation are all very different from Chinese, which can make it difficult for Chinese students to learn. In addition, many Chinese students are not exposed to English on a regular basis, which can make it hard for them to develop their language skills.To overcome these challenges, Chinese students need to be more proactive in their English studies. They should try to immerse themselves in English as much as possible, by reading English books, watching English movies, and listening to English music. They should also practice speaking and writing English as much as possible, by participating in English clubs or finding a language partner.In addition, Chinese schools and universities need to do more to help students improve their English skills. They should provide more opportunities for students to practice speaking and writing English, and they should also hire more qualified English teachers who can provide effective instruction.In conclusion, learning English is essential for anyone who wants to succeed in today's globalized world. While there are challenges to learning English, Chinese students can overcome these challenges by being proactive in their studies and by receiving effective instruction from qualified teachers. With the right approach, anyone can become proficient in English and achieve success in their chosen field.。
2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析
2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析IntroductionThe 2009 National Medical Doctoral English Exam for Foreign Language aimed to assess the English language proficiency of medical doctorate candidates in China. This article presents the reference answers and analysis for the exam questions.Section 1: Reading Comprehension1. Passage 1: The Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive FunctionReference Answer:The passage discusses the detrimental effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive function, including impaired memory, decreased attention span, and reduced problem-solving abilities.Analysis:The main idea of this passage is to emphasize the negative consequences of sleep deprivation on cognitive abilities. It provides evidence and examples to support this claim. The passage highlights the importance of getting sufficient sleep for optimal cognitive functioning.2. Passage 2: The Benefits of Sports for Physical and Mental HealthReference Answer:The passage elaborates on the various benefits of participating in sports, such as improved physical fitness, enhanced mental well-being, and increased social interaction.Analysis:The main objective of this passage is to emphasize the positive effects of sports on both physical and mental health. It provides examples and statistics to support these claims. The passage promotes the idea that engaging in sports activities can lead to a healthier and happier lifestyle.Section 2: Vocabulary and Grammar1. Vocabulary PartReference Answers:a) Synonymous Definition:1. d) analyze2. b) innovation3. c) numerous4. a) deteriorate5. c) implementb) Antonymous Definition:1. b) conserve2. c) enhance3. d) alleviate4. a) rigid5. b) impartial2. Grammar Part Reference Answers:a) Multiple-Choice:1. a) have been drinking2. b) will have arrived3. b) can be4. c) has been working5. c) had leftb) Cloze Test:1. a) to2. d) for3. b) in4. a) with5. c) aboutSection 3: Writing Reference Answer:The writing section required candidates to write an essay on the advantages and disadvantages of modern technology in healthcare.Analysis:Candidates were expected to present a well-structured essay discussing the positive and negative aspects of modern technology in the healthcare sector. The essay should have included an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The writing should have been coherent, logical, and supported with appropriate examples and evidence.Conclusion:The 2009 National Medical Doctoral English Exam for Foreign Language aimed to evaluate the English language proficiency of medical doctorate candidates in China. This article provided the reference answers and analysis for the exam questions, including reading comprehension, vocabulary and grammar, as well as the writing section. By understanding these questions and their solutions, candidates can better prepare for future exams and improve their English language skills in the medical field.。
清华大学考博英语-4.doc
清华大学考博英语-4(总分：134.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：10，分数：7.50)1.The child should always ______ the same basic procedure: seeing the whole word-hearing and pronouncing-writing from memory.（分数：1.00）A.go throughB.take overC.respond toD.carry off2.The government decided to take a______action to strengthen the market management.（分数：0.50）A.diverseB.durableC.epidemicD.drastic3.They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any______ones in this area?（分数：0.50）A.evacuatedB.emptyC.vacantD.vacate4.He told a story about his sister who was in a sad ______ when she was ill and had no money.（分数：1.00）A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment5.Her talk at the seminar clearly______from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology.（分数：0.50）A.alternatedB.amplifiedC.designatedD.diverged6.In the new shark repellent method, an insulated cable is buried on the bottom of the sea arounda beach from which people swim.（分数：1.00）A.frighteningB.resistingC.protectiveD.raising7.Nobody knew how he came up with this ______ idea about the trip.（分数：1.00）A.wearyB.twilightC.unanimousD.weird8.Some people seem to______on the pressure of working under a deadline.（分数：0.50）A.renderB.evolveC.prevailD.thrive9.The industry has pumped______amounts of money into political campaigns, making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.（分数：0.50）A.potentialB.substantialC.massiveD.traditional10.These melodious folk songs are generally ______ to Smith, a very important musician of the century.（分数：1.00）A.devotedB.contributedposedD.ascribed二、Part Ⅱ Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：88.00)There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. "A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language," says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. "Unfortunately. It"s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged from eight to fifteen."One study showed that almost 90 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said, "There are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We"re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it"s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.They also said, "The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts." In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are compelled. A description of the outcome of the game says: "Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them."Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?（分数：8.00）(1).Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?（分数：2.00）A.Those that teach how to fly an airplane.B.Those that teach the features of the earth.C.Those that help people use computer language.D.Those that teach computer technology.(2).According to the investigators,______（分数：2.00）A.the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take parting real violent actsB.the new and more sophisticated games teach the players how to kill other peopleC.most computer and online games male the players forget the real life resultsD.most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners(3).It can be inferred from the passage that______（分数：2.00）A.more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB.it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence and computer gamesC.there are now more incidents of violence because of computer gamesD.simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence(4).The author uses" television advertising" as an example to show that______（分数：2.00）A.the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeputer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC.there is little link between computer games and increased violence in real lifeD.other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real lifeWhere one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child"s acquisition of each new skill--the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child"s own happiness and well-being.（分数：10.00）(1).The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children ______.（分数：2.00）A.is to send them to clinicsB.offers recapture of earlier experiencesC.is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD.is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced(2).The child in the nursery ______.（分数：2.00）A.quickly learns to wait for foodB.doesn"t initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC.always accepts the rhythm of the world around himD.always feels the word around him is warm and friendly(3).The encouragement of children to achieve new skills ______.（分数：2.00）A.can never be taken too farB.should be left to school teachersC.will always assist their developmentD.should be balanced between two extremes(4).Jigsaw puzzles are ______.（分数：2.00）A.too difficult for childrenB.a kind of building-block toyC.not very entertaining for adultsD.suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation(5).Parental controls and discipline ______.（分数：2.00）A.serve a dual purposeB.should be avoided as much as possibleC.reflect the values of the communityD.are designed to promote the child"s happinessI have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happen to be that put-upon member of society--a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I am convinced the things are being run solely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a deceptive new motto for so-called "service" organizations--Staff Before Service.How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post office or the supermarket because there were not enough staff on duty to man all the service grilles or checkout counters? Sure? in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to hire cashiers and counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that uncovering all their cash registers at any one time would increase overheads. And the Post office says we cannot expect all their service grilles to be occupied "at times when demand is low".It is the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is cut short. As for us guests, we just have to put up with it. There is also the nonsense of so many friendly hotel night porters having been thrown out of their jobs in the interests of "efficiency" (i. e. profits) and replaced by coin--eating machines which offer everything from lager to laxatives. Not to mention the creeping threat of the tea-making kit in your room: a kettle with a mixed collection of tea bags, plastic milk cartons and lump sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I do not, especially when I am paying for "service".Can it be stopped, this worsening of service, this growing attitude that the customer is always a nuisance? I angrily hope so because it is happening, sadly, in all walks of life.Our only hope is to hammer home our anger whenever and wherever we can and, if all else fails, bring back into practice that other, older slogan--Take Our Custom Elsewhere.（分数：50.00）(1).The writer feels that nowadays a customer ______（分数：10.00）A.deserves the lowest status in society.B.is unworthy of proper consideration.C.receives unexpected quality service.D.is the victim of some public services.(2).The writer argues that the quality of service is changing because ______（分数：10.00）A.customers" demands have radically changed.B.services provided never become consistent.C.the staff receive more consideration than customers.D.the staff are less considerate than their employers.(3).According to the writer, long queues at counters are caused by ______（分数：10.00）A.difficulties in hiring employees.B.deliberate understaffing.ck of cooperation between staff members.D.employers" irresponsibility.(4).Service organizations contend that keeping all checkout counters operated can result in ______（分数：10.00）A.demands by cashiers for a pay raise.B.insignificant benefits for the customers.C.a rise in the coat for providing service.D.needs to purchase expensive equipment.(5).The writer suggests that a customer ______（分数：10.00）A.put up with the rode manners of the staff.B.be patient when queuing before checkout counters.C.try to control his temper when ill-treated.D.go to other places where good service is available.Rubidium, potassium and carbon are three common elements used to date the history of Earth. The rates of radioactive decay of these elements are absolutely regular when averaged out over a period of time; nothing is known to change them. To be useful as clocks, the elements have to be fairly common in natural minerals, unstable but decay slowly over millions of years to form recognizable "daughter" products which are preserved minerals.For example, an atom of radioactive rubidium decays to form an atom of strontium (another element) by converting a neutron in its nucleus to a proton and releasing an electron, generating energy in the process. The radiogenic daughter products of the decay-in this case strontiumatoms--diffuse away and are lost above a certain very high temperature. So by measuring the exact proportions of rubidium and strontium atoms that are present in a mineral, researchers can work out how long it has been since the mineral cooled below that critical "blocking" temperature. The main problems with this dating method are the difficulty in finding minerals containing rubidium, the accuracy with which the proportions of rubidium and strontium are measured, and the fact that the method gives only the date when the mineral last cooled below the blocking temperature. Because the blocking temperature is very high, the method is used, mainly for recrystallized (igneous or metamorphic) rocks, not for sediments--rubidium-bearing minerals in sediments simply record the age of cooling of the rocks which were eroded to form the sediments, not the age of deposition of the sediments themselves.Potassium decays to form (a gas) which is sometimes lost from its host mineral by escaping through pores. Although potassium-argon dating is therefore rather unreliable, it can sometimes be useful in dating sedimentary rocks because potassium is common in some minerals which form in sediments at low temperatures. Assuming no argon has escaped, the potassium-argon date records the age of the sediments themselves.Carbon dating is mainly used in archaeology. Most carbon atoms (carbon-12) are stable and do not change over time. However, cosmic radiation bombarding the upper atmospheres constantly interacting with nitrogen in the atmosphere to create an unstable form of carbon, carbon-14.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the common feature of rubidium, potassium and carbon?（分数：2.00）A.They can be made into clocks.B.They are rich in content.C.Their decay is slow but regular.D.The products of their decay are the same.(2).What aspect of rubidium decay is useful for dating?（分数：2.00）A.The atom produced by the decay is above a certain point of temperature.B.The atom produced by the decay is easy to be detected at a cool temperature.C.The decay produced a. neutron and an electron.D.The decay is sensitive to the changes in temperature.(3).What is the limitation of the rubidium method?（分数：2.00）A.Rubidium is everywhere in the rock.B.Strontium atoms are hard to detect at the normal temperature.C.It cannot date sediments.D.It is time-consuming.(4).Which of the following is the major factor that affects the accuracy of potassium dating?（分数：2.00）A.the number of the mineral poresB.the number of missing argon atomsC.external temperatureD.mineral temperature(5).The underlined word "cosmic" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.（分数：2.00）A.radioactiveanicC.terrestrialD.universalToday"s college students are more narcissistic (自恋的) and self-centered than their predecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society."We need to stop endlessly repeating "You"re special" and having children repeat that back," said the study"s lead author, Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University. "Kids areself-centered enough already. Unfortunately, narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society, including the breakdown of close relationships with others," he said. The study asserts that narcissists "are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived, at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmth, and to exhibit game-playing, dishonesty, and over-controlling and violent behaviors". Twenge, the author of "Generation Me: Why Today"s Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled- and More Miserable Than Ever Before", said narcissists tend to lack empathy, react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others.Some analysts have commended today"s young people for increased commitment to volunteer work. But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically, noting that many high schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applications. Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明显的)that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies. "Permissiveness seems to be a component," he said. "A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting. Less indulgence might be called for."Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, don"t necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.Hanady Kader, a University of Washington senior, said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded. But she is dismayed (气馁；灰心) by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status. "We"re encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody shouldstand in your way," Kader said. "I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships."Kari Dalane, a University of Vermont sophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered. "People are worried about themselves--but in the sense of where are they"re going to find a place in the world," she said. "People want to look their best, have a good time, but it doesn"t mean they"re not concerned about the rest of the world." Besides, some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome, Dalane said. "It would be more depressing if people answered, "No, you are not special.""（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, a narcissistic person may______（分数：2.00）A.hate criticismB.be dishonest to his / her partnerC.be unwilling to help othersD.all the above(2).The italicized word "commended"(Line 1, Para.3) means______（分数：2.00）A.praisedB.criticizedC.recommendedD.disfavored(3).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Narcissism may result in bad consequences.B.College students are active to participate in volunteer work.C.Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narmssism upsurge.D.Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion.(4).It is implied that______（分数：2.00）A.both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissismB.the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC.the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the studyD.college students are pessimistic about their future(5).It is proper to be______when you hear someone say "you are special".（分数：2.00）A.objectiveB.pessimisticC.optimisticD.worried三、Part Ⅲ Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the 1 of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel 2 to go to bed and pleased when the journey 3 . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed 4 earlier than Usual. When I 5 my cabin, I was surprised 6 that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected 7 but there was a suitcase 8 mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet 9 , except that he was wearing 10 good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not 11 whoever he was and did not say 12 . As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night.I felt cold but covered 13 as well as I could and tried to go back to sleep. Then I realized thata 14 was coming from somewhere. I thought perhaps I had forgotten 15 the door, so I got up 16 the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and 17 , the moon shone through it on to the other bed. 18 there.It took me a minute or two to 19 the door myself. I realized that my companion 20 through the window into the sea.（分数：20.00）A.reasonB.motiveC.causeD.sakeA.tired enoughB.enough tiredC.enough tiringD.enough tiringA.is achievedB.finishC.is overD.is in the endA.quiteB.ratherC.fairlyD.somehowA.arrived inB.reached toC.arrived toD.reached atA.for seeingB.that I sawC.at seeingD.to seeA.being lonelyB.to be lonelyC.being aloneD.to be aloneA.likeB.asC.similar thanD.the same thatA.in each placeB.for all partsC.somewhereD.anywhereA.a soB.soC.such aD.suchA.treat together wellB.pass together wellC.get on well togetherD.go by well togetherA.him a single wordB.him not one wordC.a single word to himD.not one word to himA.up meB.up myselfC.up to myselfD.myself upA.draftB.voiceC.airD.soundA.to closeB.closingC.to have to closeD.for closingA.to shutB.for shuttingC.in shuttingD.but shutA.while doing like thatB.as I did like thatC.as I did soD.at doing soA.It was no oneB.There was no oneC.It was anyoneD.There was anyoneA.remind to lockB.remember to lockC.remind lockingD.remember lockingA.had to jumpB.was to have jumpedC.must have jumpedD.could be jumped四、Part Ⅳ Translation(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)11.The hardest hit of all that week were Wall Street"s specialist firms, the traders who were charged with maintaining orderly markets. That task required them to purchase stocks when there were no other buyers and to make sales when other sellers disappeared. Until the end of that week, a total 52 specialist lb-ms had worked on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange: each had handled the shares of 20 to 30 specified Big Board companies. on Black Monday, the specialists grimly fulfilled their responsibilities, buying millions of shares as prices plunged all around them. Their losses could amount to as much as $ 50 million. Securities firms outside Wall Street also felt mortal pain. The 4,500 accounts of the New York Stock Exchange member were taken over by Rodman & Renshaw, a Chicago firm.（分数：-1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、Part Ⅴ Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)12.1．优秀的科研工作者需要具备什么素质?2．举例说明这些素质的重要性。
清华考博英语近年作文题目
清华近年考博英语作文题目一览98/10 现代社会的竞争（观点对比型）99/5 电子书籍的前景（观点对比型）99/10 清华大学的校训：自强不息，厚德载物（观点论述型）00/5 21 世纪高等教育将发生的两大重要变化（观点论述型）01/3 博士生应该获得的知识：博专（观点对比型）英语题型 1.听力理解（20 分）：放音时间22min 左右，其中应该包括往答题纸上写的时间，全是主观题，没有选择题；2.词汇（10 分）：一共20 个，全都是填空形式，没有选画横线部分的同义词的题型；建议做题时间8min3.阅读（40 分）：一共20 个，全部是选择题，没有回答问题和写summary 的题型；建议时间40min4.完形填空（10 分）：共20 个空，建议时间10－15min5.5.作文（20 分）：图表题的可能性很小，很有可能是命题作文。
建议时间35-40min清华大学2004 年政治经济学专业博士生入学考试试题清华大学2004 年政治经济学专业博士生入学考试试题（包括《西方经济学》《政治经济学》原题，以及面试所提问题，还有专业英语试题介绍。
非常详尽）一、西方经济学1、概述预期效用理论，同个一人为什么既参加保险又参与赌博？(15 分)2、概述信息不对称所导致的两种后果，并给出解决措施。
(10 分)3、概述科斯定理，讨论产权界定对讨价还价的影响。
(15 分)4、根据田忌赛马故事，(1)、写出双方的策略集合；(5 分)(2)、分别运用策略式和扩展式进行描述；(10 分)(3)、田忌赢得比赛是不是纳什均衡？为什么？(5 分)5、运用代数方法或几何方法推导蒙代尔模型，解释独立货币政策、浮动汇率制度和资本自由流动政策三者只能选其二。
(20 分)6、根据IS－LM 模型讨论相机抉择财政政策的作用机制，说说宏观经济政策是应该遵守规则还是应该相机抉择。
(20 分)二、政治经济学（《资本论》）1、《资本论》中马克思经济学的研究方法都有哪些？如何借鉴这些方法构建中国经济学？(40 分)2、马克思判断生产劳动与非生产劳动的两条标准是什么？它们是否具有逻辑一致性？应如何结合理论和实践发展提出新的判断标准？(30 分)3、何种情况下价值量与生产力成反比？何种情况下成正比？何种情况下无关？为什么？(30 分)三、专业英语1、英汉译。
清华大学考博英语-7
清华大学考博英语-7(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Writing{{/B}}(总题数：3，分数：100.00)1.1、有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课老师。
2、学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素是。
3、学生自选任课老师的益处及可能产生的问题。
（分数：34.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(On Students Choosing LecturersNowadays, some universities give students the right to choose who teaches some of their classes. This has led to some debate over whether students should be give this much power.There are several factors that students consider when choosing a lecturer, including the teaching style of the lecturer, the lecturer's academic background, and the lecturer's reputation among students. The ideal lecturer is one who has an interesting teaching style, a diverse academic background, and a good reputation among students.There are both positive and negative aspects to allowing students to choose their lecturers. Giving students the choice encourages them to take ownership for their classes, and also puts pressure on teachers to improve their teaching quality.However, the factors that students consider might not be the ones that lead to the highest quality of education. Schools might end up with lecturers who teach interesting classes without much content.)解析：2.1．近几年大学校园出现了一股过洋节热。
清华大学考博英语阅读理解若干篇篇章与问题
清华大学考博英语阅读理解若干篇篇章与问题(四)Passage9The conflict between good and evil is a common theme running through the great literature and drama of the world,from the time of the ancient Greeks to all the present.The principle that conflict is the heart of dramatic action when illustrated by concrete examples,almost always turns up some aspect of the struggle between good and evil.The idea that there is neither good nor evil--in any absolute moral or religious sense —is widespread in our times.There are various relativistic and behavioristic standards of ethics.If these standards even admit the distinction between good and evil,it is as a relative matter and not as whirlwind of choices that lies at the center of living.In any such state of mind,conflict can at best,be only a petty matter,lacking true universality. The acts of the evildoer and of the virtuous man alike become dramatically neutralized. Imagine the reduced effect of Crime and Punishment or The Brothers Karamazoc,had Dostoevsky thought that good and evil,as portrayed in those books,were wholly relative,and if he had had no conviction about them.You can’t have a vital literature if you ignore or shun evil.What you get then is the world of Pollyanna,goody-goody in place of the good.Cry,The Beloved Country is a great and dramatic novel because Alan Paton,in addition to being a skilled workman,sees with clear eyes both good and evil,differentiates them,pitches them into conflict with each other, and takes sides.He sees that the native boy Absalom Kumalo,who has murdered,cannot be judged justly without taking into account the environment that has had part in shaping him. But Paton sees,too,that Absalom the individual,not society the abstraction,committed the act and is responsible for it.Mr.Paton understands mercy.He knows that this precious thing is not evoked by sentimental impulse,but by a searching examination of the realities of human action.Mercy follows a judgment;it does not precede it.One of the novels by the talented Paul Bowles,Let It Come Down,is full of motion,full of sensational depravities,and is a crashing bore.The book recognizes no evil,and is coldly indifferent to the moral behavior of its characters.It is a long shrug.Such a view of life is non-dramatic and negates the vital essence of drama.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) 41.In our age,according to the author,a standpoint often taken in the area of ethics is the_____.A)relativistic view of moralsB)greater concern with religionC)emphasis on evilD)greater concern with universals42.The author believes that in great literature,as in life,good and evil are____A)relativeB)unimportantC)constantly in conflictD)dramatically neutralized43.When the author uses the expression"it is a long shrug"in referring to Bowles’s book, heis commenting on the___A)length of the novelB)indifference to the moral behavior of the charactersC)monotony of the storyD)sensational depravities of the book44.In the opinion of the author,Cry,The Beloved Country is a great and dramatic novel be-cause of Paton’s____.A)insight into human behaviorB)behavioristic beliefsC)treatment of good and evil as abstractionsD)willingness to make moral judgments45.The word"shun"in the1st sentence in paragraph3is closest in meaning to______.本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
2009北大清华考博英语写作背诵文本
2009北大清华考博英语写作背诵文本作者: 迦思佑| 发布日期: 2009-3-30 22:39:37一、无形社会问题1、国内无形社会问题Interpret its meaning:Obviously, the meaning conveyed by the picture not only show that ……, but, what is more important, that this social problem/phenomenon/issue, which the drawing point out, is simply one of various social problem to have become ordinary and already attracted broad attention in China/in the world in recent years. Over the past quarter of a century, China has firmly enforced the policy of reform and opening up to the outside world, which has won rapid economic growth, sustained social progress and continuous improvement of people's living standard, while China has been confronting a great number of social problems, such as energy crisis, environmental pollution and so forth, and the collapse of the invaluable traditional virtue and culture as well. In a word, there is undoubtedly the reality that Commercialism and westernization erode spiritual values, and degenerate the cultural fabrics of a society.such as fraud and deceit, the low credit, fraternal scarcity, social indifference, ill manners, ill breeding, official corruption, AIDS, energy crisis, environmental pollution, a widening gap between rich and poor, money talking, the losing of affection, the spiritual void, young suicide, and so forth.（酌情删减）全球化/Internet问题meaning：This is the indication that with the rapid increase of globalization/Internet, our world becomes more and more like a small village, people in global village have much more communication and cooperation by various means than all of the past time and peoples need to understand each other more eagerly than the past.Possible reason for this phenomenon:The reasons for this problem, if the possible ones are enumerated one after another, may be innumerable. Nevertheless, I contend that the main reasons are due to the social and economic circumstances given. Over the past quarter of a century, ……Give your comments:1）中西文明现象或问题：Now with economic globalization, the Western civilization, especially the American culture, holding the strong position, is exerting its impact on every part of the world, including China. what kind of cultural awareness should we have in copying the Western culture? We daringly take in those that should be taken in anddecisively discard those that should be discarded, namely we should extract the essence and abandon the dross from the Western culture. What kind of culture awareness should we have in facing our traditional culture? The traditional Chinese culture, namely Confucianism or the mixture of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and other traditional thinking in ancient China, is a gigantic culture system, which has lasted for over two thousand years. So we should inherit and prosper it.（酌情删减）2）其他社会现象（如家庭教育过于严格、大学生在校打工或创业、考研热、出国热等）：The comment to this question, in my opinion, may be not absolute, no right or wrong, and depends on different people. Advantage and disadvantage are two sides of th e same coin. we should see one side of the advantage while looking at another side of the disadvantage. On the one hand, the biggest disadvantage/advantage isthat ……Nevertheless, on the other hand, in the long run, the biggestdisadvantage/advantage is th at ……So we have to acknowledge that …….. ishalf-and-half of the advantage and the disadvantage.3）其他无形社会问题COMMENT同有形社会问题SUGGESTION。
(完整)考博英语作文范文
(完整)考博英语作文范文2015 英语作文范文2015一、考博英语作文题目：Do Modern People Become Lonelier?考博英语作文范文：Although Chinese people have gradually become wealthy more or less due to the reform and opening-up policy，they have oftentimes been troubled by a lack of friends that they can take into their confidence。
This observation manifests itself most vividly in a line cited from the movie。
If You Are the One，that is，“I do not lack money but friends”.Ironically，in the cell phone contact list of an average person，the number of cellphone numbers may reach a couple of hundreds. One cannot help wondering if modern people become lonelier than before. Personally,I hold the opinion that modern people do become lonelier than before.由于改革开放政策的实施，中国人民变得比以往更加富有，但是，有时他们也会因为缺少朋友而困扰，朋友能够为他们带来自信.我们能从电影台词中清晰可见。
电影非诚勿扰中有一句台词：“我不缺钱，只缺朋友。
”具有讽刺意味的是，在人们的电话薄中，我们存储了上百个电话号码。
清华大学考博英语-1.doc
清华大学考博英语-1(总分：68.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ Listenin(总题数：4，分数：10.00)(略){{B}}Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension{{/B}}Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Eight times within the past million years, something in the Earth's climatic equation has changed, allowing snow in the mountains and the northern latitudes to accumulate from one season to the next instead of melting away. Each time, the enormous ice sheets resulting from this continual buildup lasted tens of thousands of years until the end of each particular glacial cycle brought a warmer climate. Scientists speculated that these glacial cycles were ultimately driven by astronomical factor: slow, cyclic changes in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit and in the tilt and orientation of its spin axis. But up until around 30 years ago, the lack of an independent record of ice-age timing made the hypothesis untestable.Then in the early 1950's Emiliani produced the first complete record of the waxings and wanings of first glaciations. It came from a seemingly odd place, the seafloor. Single-cell marine organisms called "foraminifera" house themselves in shells made from calcium carbonate. When the foraminifera die, sink to the bottom, and become part of seafloor sediments, the carbonate of their shells preserves certain characteristics of the seawater they inhabited. In particular, the ratio of a heavy isotope of oxygen (oxygen-18) to ordinary oxygen (oxygen-16) in the carbonate preserves the ratio of the two oxygens in water molecules. It is now understood that the ratio of oxygen isotopes reflects the proportion of the world's water locked up in glaciers and ice sheets. A kind of meteorological distillation accounts for the link. Water molecules containing the heavier isotope tend to condense and fall as precipitation slightly sooner than molecules containing the lighter isotope. Hence, as water vapor evaporated from warm oceans moves away from its source, its oxygen- 18 returns more quickly to the oceans than does its oxygen-16. What falls as snow on distant ice sheets and mountain glaciers is relatively depleted of oxygen-18. As the oxygen-18-poor ice builds up, the oceans become relatively enriched in the isotope. The larger the ice sheets grow, the higher the proportion of oxygen-18 becomes in seawater--and hence in the sedimentsAnalyzing cores drilled from seafloor sediments, Emiliani found that the isotopic ratio rose and fell in rough accord with the Earth's astronomicalcycles. Since that pioneering observation, oxygenisotope measurements have been made on hundreds of cores. The combined record enables scientists to show that the re-cord contains the very periodicities as the orbital processes. Over the past 800, 000 years, the global ice volume peaked every 100,000 years, matching the period of the orbital eccentricity variation. In addition, "wrinkles" superposed on each cycle--small decreases or surges in ice volume--have come at intervals of roughly 23,000 and 41,000 years, in keeping with the precession and tilt frequencies of the Earth's spin axis.（分数：2.50）(1).In opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ______（分数：0.50）A.unfolding a phenomenon.B.posing a contrast.C.refuting a speculation.D.testifying a hypothesis.(2).The expression "waxings and wanings" (Paragraph 2) most probably means ______（分数：0.50）A.regularities and eccentricities.B.vaporizations and sediments.C.variants and constants.D.maximizations an minimizations.(3).As pointed out in the text, the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in seafloor sediments and that of these isotopes locked in glaciers and ice-sheets are ______（分数：0.50）A.irrelevant.B.correlated.C.corresponding.D.identical.(4).Single-cell marine organisms referred to as "foraminifera" as mentioned in the text might serve as ______（分数：0.50）A.a proof against the existence of oxygen-16.B.a testimony to sediment formation processes.C.a valid record justifying glacial periodic cycles.D.an indicator of the ratio of the two oxygens.(5).What can we safely infer from the text?（分数：0.50）A.Many a phenomenon might be caused by astronomical factors.B.Any hypothesis should be abandoned unless supported by solid records.C.Glaciers are the records keeping Earth's astronomical cycles.D.Oxygen isotopes are evenly distributed throughout the earth surface.If you smoke and you still don't believe that there's a definite between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn't make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain, for example, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its wayto smoky, cancerous death.You don't have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It's almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivably, be harmful, it doesn't do to shout too loudly about it. This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether. of course, we are not ready for such drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you'd think they'd conduct aggressive antismoking campaigns. Far from it! Tile tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisements always depict virile,clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!For a start, governments, could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning--say, a picture of a death's head--should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.（分数：2.50）(1).The best title of the text may be ______（分数：0.50）A.give up the habit of smoking immediately.B.word governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking.C.go on with anti-smoking lobby vigorously.D.world governments should allocate more funds on cancer researches.(2).As pointed out in the text, governments are reluctant to exercise total ban on cigarette and tobacco advertising ______（分数：0.50）A.in the interests of financial rewards.B.for the sake of the public's welfare.C.without regard to tax collections.D.in anticipation of smokers' lobbying.(3).The word "hypocrisy" (Paragraph 2) denotes _____（分数：0.50）A.dishonesty.B.predicament.C.indecision.D.intimidation.(4).It can be concluded that anti-smoking campaigns should be conducted ______（分数：0.50）A.insidiously and discreetly.B.vividly and attractively.C.aggressively and drastically.D.disinterestedly and bravely.(5).The author is most critical of ______（分数：0.50）A.anti-smoking lobbyists.B.tobacco advertisers.C.world governments.D.tax collectors.It is the staff of dreams and nightmares. Where Tony Blair's attempts to make Britain love the Euro have fallen on deaf ears, its incarnation as notes and coins will succeed. These will be used not just in the Euro area but in Britain. As the British become accustomed to the Euro as a cash currency, they will warm to it--paving the way for a yes note in a referendum.The idea of Euro creep appeals to both sides of the Euro argument. According to the pros, as Britons become familiar with the Euro, membership will start to look inevitable, so those in favor are bound to win. According to the antis, as Britons become familiar with the Euro, membership will start to look inevitable, so those opposed must mobilize for the fight.Dream or nightmare, Euro creep envisages the single currency worming its way first into the British economy and then into the affections of voters. British tourists will come back from their European holidays laden with Euros, which they will spend not just at airports but in high street shops. So, too, will foreign visitors. As the Earn becomes a parallel currency, those who make up the current two-o-one majority will change their minds. From there, it will be a short step to decide to dispense with the pound. Neil Kinnock, a European commissioner and former leader of the Labor Party, predicts that the Euro will soon become Britain's second currency. Hans Eichel, the German finance minister, also says that it will become a parallel currency in countries like Switzerland and Britain. Peter Hain, the European minister who is acting as a cheerleader for membership, says the Euro will become "a practical day-to-day reality and that will enable people to make a sensible decision about it". As many as a third of Britain's biggest retailers, such as Marks and Spencer, have said they will take Euros in some of their shops. BP has also announced that it will accept Euros at some of its garages.But there is less to this than meet the eye. British tourists can now withdraw money from cashpoint from European holiday destinations, so they are less likely than in the past to end up with excess foreign money. Evenif they do, they generally get rid of it at the end of their holidays, says David Southwell, a spokesman for the British Retail Consortium (BRC). （分数：2.50）(1).According to the writer, once the British get used to the Euro, ______（分数：0.50）A.there will be no obstacle for it to be a currency in Britain.B.it will take the place of pound in whatever aspects in Britain.C.the British will accept it as a cash currency gradually.D.it will become a symbol of reunification for European countries.(2).The writer seems ______（分数：0.50）A.to be over-enthusiastic about the success of the Euro.B.to launch a vigorous campaign against the Euro creep.C.to hold a hostile attitude towards Euro expansions.D.to take a matter-of-face attitude towards the issue.(3).The word "cheerleader" (Paragraph 4) can best be replaced by ______（分数：0.50）A."voter".B."advocator".C."critic".D."prophet".(4).What does the writer intends to illustrate with Marks and Spencer?（分数：0.50）A.A kind of professional service.B.Objections to the Euro creep.C.A type of subjective brand loyalty.D.Expansions of the Euro in Britain.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?（分数：0.50）A.The Prospect of the Euro in Britain.B.A New Currency under Attack.C.The Popularity of the Euro in Britain.D.A Theme of Dreams and Nightmares.Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hairstyles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the years, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so-called top designers' in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over rush to obey. The doctrines of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually blackmailedby the designers and the big stores, Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander wast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Woman who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-lines are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.（分数：2.50）(1).In the opening paragraph, the writer introduced his topic by ______（分数：0.50）A.introducing an illusion.B.making a comparison.C.depicting a vivid scene.D.posing a sharp contrast.(2).In the eyes of the author, the dictates of fashion probably means a sort of design characterized by ______（分数：0.50）A.obsolescence and sensibility.B.uniqueness and stability.C.creativity and hypocrisy.D.inconstancy and irrationality.(3).The word "blackmailed" most probably means ______（分数：0.50）A."taken advantage of ".B."given thought to".C."taken into account".D."born in mind".(4).The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the ______ of clothing.（分数：0.50）A.suitabilityfortC.appearanceD.fabric(5).It can be inferred from the passage that women should ______（分数：0.50）A.see through the very nature of fashion myths.B.boycott the products of the fashion industry.C.avoid following fashion doctrines too closely.D.blame designers for their waste of money.二、{{B}}Part Ⅲ Vocabula(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand or express the emotion that it ______ in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.（分数：1.00）A.reflectsB.retainsC.rousesD.radiates2.There is a loss of self-confidence, a sense of personal failure, great anger and a feeling of being utterly ______ .（分数：1.00）A.let aloneB.let outC.let downD.let on3.Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to ______ regret.（分数：1.00）A.teem withB.brim withe withD.look with4.In fact tho purchasing power of a single person's pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the ______ Singapore pension.（分数：1.00）A.equivalentB.similarC.consistentD.identical5.Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no ______ but to report him to the local police.（分数：1.00）A.timeB.chanceC.authorityD.alternative6.The child should always ______ the same basic procedure: seeing the whole word-hearing and pronouncing-writing from memory.（分数：1.00）A.go throughB.take overC.respond toD.carry off7.______ any advice which you can get from the interviewer and follow up suggestions for improving your presentation and qualifications.（分数：1.00）A.Take the most ofB.Keep the most ofC.Have the most ofD.Make the most of8.There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young one has a glorious future before him and the old one has a ______ future behind him.（分数：1.00）A.splendidB.conspicuousC.uproariousD.imminent9.With most online recruitment services, jobseekers must choose their words carefully; ______ the search engine will never make the correct match.（分数：1.00）A.thereforeB.whereasC.providedD.otherwise10.Ever since Geoffrey sent a sizeable cheque to a well-known charity he's been ______ with requests for money from all sides.（分数：1.00）A.devastatedB.smashedC.bombardedD.cracked11.Banks shall be unable to ______ ,or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them.（分数：1.00）A.write offB.put asideC.shrink frome over12.They are always ready to ______ heavy responsibilities.（分数：1.00）A.take inB.take onC.put onD.put in13.According to BBC boxing reporter Mike Costello, just as there is worldwide ______ with boxing, so there is worldwide opposition.（分数：1.00）A.passionB.attractionC.emotionD.fascination14.That MGM Grand Youth Center is open to children 3-12 years old ______ what hotel they are staying in.（分数：1.00）A.regardless inB.regardless ofC.regardless onD.regardless from15.Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their _____ aspects.（分数：1.00）A.potentialB.socialC.essentialD.partial16.______ the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8-10 minutes or until most of the water has evaporated.（分数：1.00）A.Turn offB.Turn overC.Turn downD.Turn up17.The recovery and ______ of the country' s economy has also been accompanied by increasing demands for high quality industrial sites in attractive locations.（分数：1.00）A.renewalB.revivalC.recessionD.relief18.That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only ______ necessity.（分数：1.00）A.within reach ofB.for fear ofC.by means ofD.in case of19.It seems a reasonable rule of thumb that any genuine offer of help and support from people or organizations will be accompanied by a name and address, and a willingness to be ______ as to their motive in making contact.（分数：1.00）A.seen throughB.checked outC.touched onD.accounted to20.Japan remains tied to the Western camp partly because the relationship has become ______ to her economy and politics over forty years' association.（分数：1.00）A.integralB.unilateralC.rationalD.hierarchical三、{{B}}Part Ⅳ Cloze{{/(总题数：1，分数：20.00)For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Every second,{{U}} 56 {{/U}}hectare of the world's rainforest is destroyed. That's one to two football fields.This{{U}} 57 {{/U}}rate of destruction has serious consequences{{U}} 58 {{/U}}the environment. Scientists estimate, for example, that 137{{U}} 59 {{/U}}of plant, insect or animal become{{U}} 60 {{/U}}every day due to logging. In British Columbia,{{U}} 61 {{/U}},since 1990,thirteen rainforest valleys have been clear cut,142 species of salmon have already become extinct, and the{{U}} 62 {{/U}}of grizzly bears, wolves and many other creatures are threatened. Logging,{{U}} 63 {{/U}},provides jobs , profits, taxes for the government and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, so the government is{{U}} 64 {{/U}}to restrict or control it. Much of Canada's forestryproduction{{U}} 65 {{/U}}making pulp and paper. According to the CanadianPulp and Paper Association, Canada {{U}}66 {{/U}}34%of the world's wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be{{U}} 67 {{/U}}. Recently, a possible{{U}} 68 {{/U}}way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp. Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fibre which can be{{U}} 69 {{/U}}paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For many centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries{{U}} 70 {{/U}}it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide trading{{U}} 71 {{/U}}would not have been possible{{U}} 72 {{/U}}hemp. Nowadays, ships' cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibres, but scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be{{U}} 73 {{/U}}for the production of paper and pulp. According to its proponents, four-times as{{U}} 74 {{/U}}paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the{{U}} 75 {{/U}}scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canada's forests.（分数：20.00）A.matchingB.equivalentC.mountingD.reachingA.greatB.wonderfulC.imaginaryD.alarmingA.forB.onC.atD.toA.typesB.categoriesC.speciesD.classesA.extinctB.distinctC.deadD.exhaustedA.whenB.whoC.whereD.whichA.territoryndC.habitatD.inhabitantB.furthermoreC.otherwiseD.insteadA.willingB.likelyC.reluctantD.intendedA.goes upB.goes towardsC.goes intoD.goes atA.suppliesB.offersC.presentsD.providesA.maintainedB.sustainedC.preservedD.heldA.optionalB.potentialC.promisingD.alternativeA.made intoB.made forC.made upD.made ofA.sinceB.becauseC.asD.whileA.linkB.exchangeworkD.siteA.exceptB.withoutC.withD.besidesA.resumedB.renewedC.refreshedD.revivedA.muchB.manyC.fewD.moreA.greatC.immenseD.massive四、{{B}}Part Ⅴ Translat(总题数：1，分数：3.00)21.What, then, does Drucker suggest are the new knowledge-based industries on which economic growth will depend? He discusses three categories of such industries. The first of these is the information industry. This industry collects, stores, spreads, and applies knowledge. It depends on the computer. In the future, however, the computer itself will probably become less important than communicating and applying knowledge. Drucker foresees a central computer that will make information available to everyone. Another source of new industries is the science of the oceans. New technologies may help to supply food and minerals from the seas. A third new source of economic growth is the materials industry. This industry provides the materials for making objects. one such industry that has already become economically important is the plastic industry. Drncker explains that throughout history our traditional materials have been metals, glass, natural fibers, and paper. Today, with the help of modem science, industries can make many new materials to meet specific needs. Because they will be created to fit a certain product, they will be highly efficient. Consequently, he points out, industries that supply traditional materials such as steel or glass will have trouble competing with those that produce these new materials.（分数：3.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、{{B}}Part Ⅵ Writing{(总题数：1，分数：15.00)22.A. Study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 200 words. B. Your essay should meet the requirements below: (1)describe the picture and interpret its meaning. (2) point15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
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2009年清华大学考博英语作文题目及范文》关键词：考博英语写作
题目：
近些年学术界出现了，学者们盲目追求发表文章的数量，而忽视文章质量的现象，请以“quantity and quality of works”为题目阐明个人观点，书写工整、字数不少于300字。
考博.中国
参考范文：
The past years witnessed considerable improvement in scientific research in this country. One typical sign is the mounting number of papers published in SCI and SSCI periodicals. However, the quality of many such papers and works is doubtable. One proof is that the average citation frequency of these papers has remained unchanged for years. This phenomenon has given rise to heated debate. Personally, I believe that this phenomenon should be viewed from more than one perspective.
On the one hand, it must be admitted that there has appeared an undesirable trend in Chinese academic circle in the past years, that is, too much emphasis has been put on the number of papers published rather than the quality of these papers, or substantial efforts and contribution in scientific research. Taking a look around, one can find examples too many to enumerate. The number of papers, especially the number of papers published in SCI or SSCI periodicals has been regarded as the most important or the single criteria in uating a scientific researcher. It is even directly related to his salary and opportunity for promotion. This trend has led Chinese academy to an unhealthy road of development. As we can see, many scholars have become more of writers than researchers. Some even plagiarize in order to publish more papers.
On the other hand, however, we should not hastily say no to the quantitative uation of scientific researchers. In fact, the number of papers is a critical index in measuring the achievement of a scholar or an academic institution. As we can see, nations with developed sciences rank among the top in SCI and SSCI publications. Quantitative uation is especially necessary in some disciplines in China where there are not sufficient experts to give an objective assessment.
To sum up, we should not go to extremes in this matter. While we should continue to adopt the quantity of works as an index in uating scientific researchers, we should not lay as much emphasis on it as we did. Instead, more freedom and a looser environment should be provided for researchers so that they can give full play to their talent. Only in this way can we expect a boom of science in this country.。